功績: 690 Terms and Phrases

• 功績
• achievements
• merit
• meritorious service
• meritorious deed
• feat
• triumph
• His Achievements
• A great achievement

• 功績と評価
• Achievements and evaluation

• 功績と人柄
• Achievements and personality

• 功績・栄誉
• Achievement and Honors

• 功績のある
• meritorious

• 功績とする
• accredit

• 女王功績勲章
• Queen's Service Order

• 遣唐使の功績
• For the great achievements as the Japanese envoy to Tang Dynasty China

• 文学への功績
• His contributions to literature

• 並はずれた功績
• an extraordinary achievement

• 歌人としての功績
• Achievements as a poet

• 養老律令撰修の功績
• For the great achievements of compilation of Yoro Ritsuryo Code

• 大宝律令編纂の功績
• For the great achievements of compilation of Taiho Ritsuryo Code

• 登山家の勇敢な功績
• the nervy feats of mountaineers

• 壬申の乱における功績
• For the distinguished service in the Jinshin War

• 乙巳の変における功績
• For the distinguished service in the Isshi incident

• それはたいした功績だ。
• It is quite an achievement!

• 彼の功績は認められた。
• His services were appreciated.

• 北極先駆者の伝説的な功績
• the legendary exploits of the arctic trailblazers

• 宗円の功績にまつわる伝承
• Traditions Concerning Soen's Achievements

• 橘奈良麻呂の変における功績
• For the distinguished services in the TACHIBANA no Naramaro rebellion

• 禁裏の造営で功績があった。
• He played a role in construction of Imperial Palace.

• 文化面では功績を残している。
• On the cultural side, he has left distinguished works.

• これは彼の功績と言ってよい。
• This can be regarded as his achievement.

• その功績により但馬国守に叙任。
• He was appointed as governor of Tajima Province in recognition of his achievement.

• 古人大兄皇子の謀反における功績
• For the distinguished service in the rebellion by FURUHITO no Oe no Miko

• 彼は功績になるように国に仕えた
• he served his country meritoriously

• 続く結城合戦でも功績を挙げた。
• Subsequently, during the Yuki War, he also rendered distinguished service.

• この功績により従三位を授かる。
• For the achievement, he received the rank of Jusanmi.

• 医学功績と脚気問題から見た再評価
• Public re-evaluation considering his medical achievements and the beriberi issue.

• その功績により守護に任じられた。
• He was appointed to Shugo (provincial military governor) for his achivement.

• マネージャーは彼の功績を称えた。
• The manager complimented him on his achievement.

• その功績により、宿禰の姓を賜る。
• She was given the title Sukune, in recognition of her services.

• 右：航空殉難者の霊・航空業功績者
• Right; the spirits of air crash victims and persons with distinguished achievements in the aviation industry

• その功績により内昇殿を許可された。
• He was permitted Naishoden (to visit the special room in the imperial palace) for his donation.

• 晩年は自らの功績を努めて隠していた。
• He tried to hide his accomplishments from the war in his later years.

• 中世万葉集研究に大きな功績を残した。
• In the Medieval period he left behind great achievements in the study of Manyoshu (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves).

• 功績により日系人初の名誉勲章を受章。
• He was the first Japanese American to receive the Medal of Honor for his achievements.

• 明治以降は大原重徳の功績により伯爵。
• Due to Shigetomi OHARA's achievements the family was given a status of count after the Meiji period.

• 彼の功績は特筆大書すべきものがある。
• His accomplishments should be written in large letters.

• サー・トマス・グレシャムの功績である
• credited to Sir Thomas Gresham

• ある機会に対して、成功した功績の比率
• the ratio of successful performances to opportunities

• その功績によって日辰が住職を務める。
• Nisshin is rewarded for his efforts by being appointed head priest.

• 邦成は北海道開拓に功績のあった人物。
• Kunishige had a great achievement in reclaiming Hokkaido.

• 12月27日伊予守（平治の乱での功績）
• December 27: Governor of Iyo Province (for his performance in the Heiji War)

• 正月24日従五位上（保元の乱での功績）
• January 24: Jugoinojo (for his performance in the Hogen War)

• 士清が国語学に残した功績は大きかった。
• He accomplished a great achievement in the study of Japanese language.

• その功績から「郵便制度の父」と呼ばれる。
• Based on his achievements, he has been called as 'the father of postal system.'

• この功績により、戦後は所領を安堵された。
• This performance merited him the official approval of his ownership of his own domain after the end of the battle.

• 戦後、その功績により2万石を加増された。
• After the battle, Michito was granted an additional 20,000 koku for his excellent performance at the battle.

• この功績により宮之城町領主に任命された。
• He was appointed the lord of Miyanojo Town due to his distinguished services in the battle.

• その功績により、2000石を与えられる。
• He was granted 2,000 koku for this achievement.

• 彼らは減税は自分たちの功績だと主張した。
• They claimed credit for tax reduction.

• 何気ない熟練した技術で行われた難しい功績
• a difficult feat performed with casual mastery

• その功績に対し仏涅槃図や梵鐘が贈られた。
• The temple was rewarded by the donation of a painting depicting Buddha's entrance into Nirvana and a bell.

• この功績によって正二位治部卿にまで昇る。
• In view of this distinguished services, he was promoted up to Senior Second Rank Jibukyo (Minister of the Ministry of Civil Administration).

• その後も浅井・朝倉との戦いに功績をあげる。
• After that he rendered distinguished service in the war against AZAI and ASAKURA.

• 生前の功績に対して、没後に位階を贈ること。
• Zoi is awarding of a rank posthumously according to one's lifetime achievements.

• 乱後、その功績を認められ参議に任ぜられる。
• After the war, Watamaro was appointed to sangi (royal advisor) because his performance in the war was appreciated.

• 晩年に軍隊・教育での功績により男爵となる。
• In his later years, he was given the title of baron for his achievements in army and education.

• 道安はその功績をたたえられ、綸旨も贈られた。
• Praised for his achievement, a letter of the emperor's order issued by a secretary to the emperor was presented to Doan.

• 万葉研究における仙覚の功績ははなはだ大きい。
• Sengaku made vast contributions to the study of Manyoshu.

• その経済的な基盤を支えた面でも功績は大きい。
• Financial support he gave it was one of his greatest achievements.

• この功績で西園寺家は公重が継ぐこととなった。
• Thanks to this contribution, it was decided that Kinshige was going to succeed to the Saionji family.

• その後、功績のあった人々には、賞がおくられた。
• Later in the ceremony, awards were offered to those who had made great achievements.

• 10月22日従四位下（内裏・貞観殿造営の功績）
• December 2: Promoted to the court rank of Jusiinoge (for his achievements in building inner court and Joganden).

• その功績により従三位左近衛権中将に叙任される。
• He was promoted to Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) Sakone gon no chujo (Provisional Middle Captain of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards) for such an achievement.

• そのほかにも、建築関係で功績が高い人物である。
• Besides, he also left a great achievement in architecture.

• 新たな努力のために力を振り絞ったことによる功績
• the feat of mustering strength for a renewed effort

• その功績により従五位下対馬守・大宰大監となる。
• This achievement led to his promotion to Jugoinoge Tsushima no Kami (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade, Governor of Tsushima Province) and Daikan (inspector (third highest of the four administrative ranks of the ritsuryo period) in Dazai-fu (local government office in Kyushu region).

• その功績により戦後、引付衆の一人に任じられた。
• He was praised for his military service in the war and appointed as a member of Hikitsukeshu (Coadjustor of the High Court) after the war.

• 1338年にも北畠顕家との戦いで功績を挙げた。
• He also rendered distinguished military service in the battle with Akiie KITABATAKE in 1338.

• この功績で河越城主も兼ねることになったとされる。
• It is considered that he was concurrently appointed as a lord of Kawagoe-jo Castle due to this achievement.

• この功績で1940年（昭和15年）学士院賞受賞。
• He received the Japan Academy Award for this achievement in 1940.

• 蘭学を世間に知らしめた功績が特に評価されている。
• Genpaku is the most admired for his achievement in spreading the Western studies across Japan.

• 以上の功績から重源は大和尚の称号を贈られている。
• These meritorious deeds led to Chogen being granted the title Daiosho (great preceptor).

• 功績を挙げた郡司・富豪・俘囚に恩賞が与えられた。
• The Imperial Court granted rewards to gunji, the rich and powerful class, fushu who were of great service.

• 水戸藩の天狗党鎮圧、京都警護などで功績を挙げた。
• His major achievements were as Kyoto Guard and the suppression of the Tengu Group at Mito Domain.

• 記憶の変わった功績をなし遂げることができるだれか
• someone able to perform unusual feats of memory

• 有能な行政官僚としての功績は相変わらず大きかった。
• Mitsunari was a talented bureaucrat who rendered distinguish services.

• その追討に功績を挙げ、豊前国の守護職を与えられた。
• Due to the great achievement in defeating the opponent, Hiroyo was granted shugoshiki (post of provincial constable) in Buzen Province.

• 茲矩は功績によって3万8000石に加増されている。
• Korenori's territory was added up to 38,000 koku for his achievement.

• 明治時代以降は為量・宣嘉父子の功績が認められ伯爵。
• Since the Meiji Period, they were given the title count in appreciation for the achievements of Tamekazu and his son, Nobuyoshi

• 功績の顕著な者に対しては朝廷から恩賞が給与された。
• Those among them who carried out fine performance were rewarded by the Imperial Court.

• 北条氏の功績としては御成敗式目の制定が挙げられる。
• Among the Hojo clan's most notable achievements was the enactment of the Goseibai shikimoku (Formulary of Adjudications).

• その功績により伊賀国守護（惣追捕使）に補任される。
• For his outstanding achievement at this time, he was appointed as Shugo (provincial military governor) of Iga Province) (Sotsuibushi [government post in charge of police and military roles]).

• 彼女はすでに彼女の功績としていくつかの実績があった
• she already had several performances to her credit

• その数多い功績から「劇聖｣（げきせい）と謳われた。
• He was praised as a 'gekisei' (Holy Actor) for his many great achievements.

• その功績により、後醍醐天皇から下野守に任じられた。
• Emperor Godaigo appointed him as Shimotsuke no kami (governor of Shimotsuke Province) for his distinguished service in overthrowing the bakufu.

• 三善清行はその功績を称えて『藤原保則伝』を著した。
• Kiyoyuki (Kiyotsura) MIYOSHI wrote 'FUJIWARA no Yasunori den' (Bibliography of FUJIWARA no Yasunori) in honor of his high achievements.

• 死後その功績に対し、エランドール特別賞が贈られた。
• After his death, he was awarded a special Elan d'or Prize for his achievements.

• 功績により大和国に田20町、穀1000石を賜った。
• Because of his achievement, he was granted 20 towns of rice field and 1,000 koku (180.39 cubic meters) of crops.

• 範遠は記録達成の功績により知行300石に加増された。
• Due to Norito's achievement of the record, his enfeoffment was increased to 300 koku (approximately 45000 kgs. of rice).

• 覚鑁は生前の功績を評価され興教大師の諡号を贈られた。
• Kakuban was evaluated his ante mortem achievement and given a shigo of Kogyo Daishi.

• 金鵄勲章に付随して、叙せられた軍人の功績を示す等級。
• Incidental to the Order of the Golden Kite is the grade of the award, which shows the degree of meritorious service rendered by the soldier receiving it.

• 明治維新後功績を認められ、正式に立藩し男爵となった。
• Their achievements were recognized after the Meiji Restoration and officially founded the domain and was appointed as baron.

• 彼の功績に対し、手に負えないほどの組織が勢ぞろいした
• had a formidable array of compositions to his credit

• 1335年、中先代の乱では尊氏に従って功績を挙げた。
• In the Nakasendai War of 1335, he followed Takauji and achieved distinction.

• 丹波過部城攻めの功績で、織田信長より感書を下された。
• He was given a letter of appreciation by Nobunaga ODA for his distinguished military service in the attack against Tanba Amarube-jo Castle.

• これらの功績から、9月10日には奏者番に任じられた。
• With these achievements, he was appointed to sojaban (an official in charge of ceremonies) on October 10.

• 上手にはすきと器用と功績むとこの三つそろふ人ぞ能くしる
• To be an expert, you need the following three things; passion for what you want to pursue, dexterity and perseverance your practice.

• この二人の功績なくして今日の本願寺は存在し得なかった。
• The present Hongan-ji Temple could not exist without the cooperation of these two priests.

• 八尾・若江の戦いで増田盛次を討ち取る功績を上げている。
• He was credited with killing Moritsugu MASHITA during the Battle of Yao and Wakae.

• その功績によって皇室より六角油小路に寺地を寄進される。
• In recognition of this service, the Imperial Family made a donation of temple land located at Rokkaku Aburano-koji Street to Nichizon.

• また判定によらず功績等により与えられる名誉段位がある。
• Also, honorary dan are sometimes given to those who have superb achievements and so on, despite the judgment.

• 天皇は功績のある者へ、例えば豊臣秀吉などに授けている。
• The Emperor awarded it to persons of merit like Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI..

• 明治天皇守護の功績から、早くから華族に列せられていた。
• He was one of those who were raised to the peerage at an early time because of his achievement as the guard of Emperor Meiji.

• 政府の財政政策が戦後の日本の経済的成功に功績があった。
• The government's economic policy is credited for Japan's postwar economic success.

• 父や弟と共に鎌倉幕府の討幕運動に参加して功績を挙げた。
• He joined the anti-shogunate movement with his father and younger brother, and rendered distinguished services.

• 豊治の開拓に関わった功績から北海道神宮に祀られている。
• Toyoji is enshrined in Hokkaido Jingu Shrine for his great achievement for development.

• これら多大な功績から梅は「日本民法学の父」といわれる。
• Because of these significant achievements, Ume is called 'the father of Japanese Civil Code.'

• その功績を孝明天皇に賞賛されて、金子を与えられている。
• He was granted reward money by the Emperor Komei for his achievements.

• その功績によって右衛門少尉または、筑後国守に任ぜられた。
• Because of this performance, Shigesada was appointed as Uemon no shojo (Junior Lieutenant of the Right Division of Outer Palace Guards) or the Governor of Chikugo Province.

• これらの壮大な功績は、東洋のモデルに偶然影響されただけだ
• these magnificent achievements were only incidentally influenced by Oriental models

• その功績により参議、大蔵省、陸奥出羽按察使に任ぜられる。
• Because of that performance, Watamaro was appointed to sangi, an official in the Ministry of the Treasury, and Mutsu-Dewa Azechi (local inspector of Mutsu and Dewa Provinces).

• 軍歴や功績を考慮すれば元帥に任命されてもおかしくは無い。
• It was natural that he would have been appointed the marshal for his military career and great achievement.

• 明治天皇からも勤王の功績を認められ、従一位が追贈された。
• Furthermore, his great achievement of loyalty to the Emperor was appreciated and awarded juichii (Junior First Rank) by Emperor Meiji.

• これら一連の功績から、和泉国と紀伊国の守護職も与えられた。
• Such a series of his achievements additionally granted him shugoshiki in Izumi Province and Kii Province.

• なお、これらの功績により、この付近が「匠」と呼ばれている。
• Because of the successful achievements, the area is called 'Takumi' (craft master).

• タワケンのメンバー1人が功績を認められて広報に採用された。
• One of the members of this group was praised for their achievement and employed by the company to work in its PR section.

• - 壬申の乱で大海人皇子（天武天皇）に与して功績を上げた。
• He took sides with Prince Oama (Emperor Tenmu) in the Jinshin War, achieving great victories.

• 密告の功績により源満仲と藤原善時はそれぞれ位を進められた。
• For their loyalty in providing the tip-off, MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka and FUJIWARA no Yoshitoki were both promoted.

• 国語学者として国語の時代区分・品詞分類などに功績を残した。
• As a Japanese scholar, he left behind great achievements in periodization, classification of parts of speech of Japanese Language and so on.

• その功績によって皇室より六角通油小路通に寺地を寄進される。
• In reparation for his achievements, the Imperial Family donates to him a temple site on Rokkaku-dori Street Aburanokoji-dori Street.

• 身分の選考は経歴・神社界に対する功績をもとにおこなわれる。
• The selection of the status levels is made based on one's career and achievement to the Shrine society.

• その功績により武蔵国、次いで伊賀国の守護に任じられている。
• Thanks to the contribution, he was appointed first as the constable of Musashi Province and then as the constable of Iga Province.

• また橘奈良麻呂の乱や藤原仲麻呂の乱の鎮圧にも功績があった。
• One of his achievements were to bring the TACHIBANA no Naramaro's War and FUJIWARA no Nakamaro's War under control.

• その後も、江戸城普請や禁裏における普請などで功績を挙げた。
• He performed fine deeds even afterwards with the construction of Edo-jo Castle and the Imperial Palace.

• 源一郎の文化面における功績は大きく、多くの著作を残している。
• Genichiro contributed much to culture and left many literary works.

• 結果入門者が増加するなどし、その意味でも仁鶴の功績は大きい。
• Consequently, the number of new disciples increased and in this sense Nikaku rendered a great service.

• 最大の功績は桂離宮を後世に伝える上で基礎を築いたことである。
• His best achievement was laying the foundation of passing down Katsura Imperial Villa to posterity.

• このように混乱続きの藩政で、玄綱の功績には文武の発展がある。
• Although these troubles occurred one after another during his administration of the domain, Totsuna's achievements include development of literary and military arts.

• 藤原仲麻呂の乱の功績で武蔵宿禰を賜り、武蔵国造に任じられた。
• He was given a title of Sukune by the Yamato Court for his services in the Rebellion by Fujiwara no Nakamaro, thus became Musashi no sukune, and was appointed as Musashi no kun in omiyatsuko.

• そのため現在では、故人の功績を称え、追悼する意味合いが強い。
• So, at present, it has strong implications of praising and commemorating the achievements done by the deceased.

• また、和宮を育てた功績により、朝廷から正五位の追贈を受けた。
• Moreover, in view of her distinguished services of bringing up Princess Kazunomiya, she was awarded Senior Fifth Rank by the Imperial Court after her death.

• この功績により船大工頭収に任ぜられ、ここに箱館丸建造となる。
• Owing to this achievement he was appointed as a 'Daikugashira (construction prefect) and started to build Hakodate Maru.

• その功績を評価される一方、あまりに初代鴈治郎中心主義だった。
• While Matsujiro's achievements were much appreciated, he solely focused on Ganjiro I.

• 類稀な軍略家であり、薩英戦争や戊辰戦争で大きな功績を挙げた。
• Masaharu was an exceptional military strategist and made great contribution to Anglo-Satsuma War and Boshin Civil War.

• 子の重綱の代にはこれらの功績により、一族の家格を与えられた。
• As a result of these achievements, the clan was granted a title during the reign of the son, Shigetsuna.

• 1900年（明治33年）5月、憲法制定の功績により男爵となる。
• In May 1900, he was granted a baron for his distinguished contributions to the establishment of the Constitution.

• しかし、条約調印による開国の功績については評価が分かれている。
• However, public opinion regarding his achievement of signing the treaty for the opening of Japan remains divided.

• この功績が明治天皇から認められ、戦後異例の大勲位受章となった。
• This great achievement received recognition of the Emperor Meiji, and he was awarded the title of the Supreme Order, which was unprecedented in the post war period.

• 明治時代以降も引き続き死者の功績を称える目的で贈位が行われた。
• Zoi has been continued also after the Meiji period for the purpose of commemorating the deeds of the deceased.

• 渋川春海の改暦の功績により貞享元年（1684年）天文方となる。
• The family became Tenmonkata in 1684 thanks to Harumi SHIBUKAWA's contribution to the revision of calendar.

• その功績により神武天皇から名を改めて道臣と名乗るよう言われる。
• For this achievement, he was recommended by Emperor Jinmu to change the name and called himself 'Michinoomi.'

• その才と功績を認めた後小松天皇より、「周圓上人」の号を賜わる。
• Emperor Gokomatsu praised his talent and achievements, and gave him the title of 'Shuen shonin' (a circumferential holy priest).

• その他、三友式の創始や、流し点や大円点の復興などの功績がある。
• In addition, he has contributed to the creation of Sanyu-shiki and the restoration of Nagashi-tate and Daien-tate.

• 光秀を討った功績により、秀吉の発言力は他の織田家臣を圧倒した。
• With this great achievement, Hideyoshi's forcefulness of speech overpowered Nobunaga's other vassals.

• この功績により、次世代における藤原北家台頭の足がかりができた。
• This achievement became a foothold for the rise of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan in the following generation.

• これは長年仕えて来た孝謙天皇即位の功績であると考えられている。
• This is believed to have been attributable to the enthronement of Empress Koken, whom he had been serving for many years.

• 大衆に映画を新しい娯楽として根付かせた功績はあまりにも大きい。
• His achievements in establishing cinema as popular entertainment are all too great.

• 『彼岸花』で三度目の芸術祭文部大臣賞、功績により紫綬褒章受章。
• 'Higanbana' won his third Arts Festival Education Minister's Award and he was awarded the Medal with Purple Ribbon Award for his achievements.

• 最も後世に語り継がれている功績としては画家としての活動である。
• One of Takanobu's most passed down achievements to later generations was his activity as a painter.

• 明治10年（1877年）、長年の功績によって正三位に叙された。
• In 1877 she was conferred Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank) for her long-term services.

• 幕末期、最後の藩主である織田長易は天誅組追捕の功績を挙げている。
• Nagayasu ODA who became the last lord of the Shibamura Domain at the end of the Edo period, contributed for search and capture of Tenchu-gumi.

• 儀仗隊を葬列に参加させ、弔砲を定刻に発砲し、偉大な功績を称えた。
• A cortege participated in the funeral procession, and fired an artillery funeral salute at the appropriate time to mark the greatness of his achievements.

• その功績により文政9（1826年）、徳川治宝より「樂」字を拝領。
• For these merits, he was bestowed a kanji character 'Raku' from Harutomi TOKUGAWA in 1826.

• 俳書を収めるために義仲寺に設けた粟津文庫も蝶夢和尚の功績である。
• Another of Chomu's achievements includes the establishing of Awazu Library in Gicho-ji Temple.

• その功績により、1928年（昭和3年）に従五位を追贈されている。
• For his great achievement, he was raised to Jugoinojo (Junior Fifth Rank) after his death in 1928.

• 南北朝時代から室町時代にかけて、平曲をさかんにした功績は大きい。
• He made a remarkable achievement in making Heikyoku popular during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts to the Muromachi period.

• この功績から、内臣（うちつおみ）に任じられ、軍事指揮権を握った。
• As a result of this achievement, he was appointed a political adviser to the crown prince and gained control of military affairs.

• 1976年の全廃まで長きに渡る大任を果たした功績は計り知れない。
• Their long-term contributions until the abolition in 1976 cannot be overestimated.

• 多くは世襲されるが、特別な功績により新たに貴族になることもある。
• The Kizoku status was mostly inherited, but there were also persons who were promoted to Kizoku newly due to their distinguished contributions.

• 彼が率直であるということに対し、彼の功績が傷つくことはないだろう
• let it be no detraction from his merits to say he is plainspoken

• 主な例としては参議院議員や功績著しい大学教授にその例が見られる。
• Major examples are members of the House of Councilors and university professor with great achievements.

• 1961年、褒章褒章の種類を受章（建築業界における功績による）。
• He also received a medal of merit in 1961 (for distinguished service in architecture).

• 仮にそのような容姿であっても秀吉が残した功績を貶めるものではない。
• Even if he looked like that, it does not spoil his achievements.

• 叙爵の時点で功績が考慮された公家は岩倉具視や三条実美など数少ない。
• In the joshaku (conferring a peerage), only a limited number of court nobles, such as Tomomi IWAKURA and Sanetomi SANJO were given a special treatment for their merit.

• この功績により、永正5年（1508年）には摂津守護代に任じられた。
• He was assigned as the deputy shugo of Settsu Province in 1508 for this feat.

• また、理論面においても地拍子の法則性を発見するなどの功績を残した。
• He also made great accomplishments in terms of theory, such as discovering the law of Ji hyoshi (Noh chorus rhythm).

• また貴族の子弟教育のために学習院を設けるなど、多くの功績があった。
• She rendered tremendous services in the field of education for the children of nobles, founding schools.

• 御庭番はその特殊な任務のために功績をあげて出世する機会に恵まれた。
• Thanks to their unique duties, they had a chance to make a great achievement and to get promoted.

• これは功績による表彰というよりも、格式の認定という側面が強まった。
• This, however, increasingly assumed the nature of rank and post confirmations rather than that of rewards for meritorious services.

• 京都市中警備の功績により、文久3年（1863年）、老中首座となる。
• He became the top ranking Roju in 1863 due to his achievements as Kyoto City Guard.

• 以後は徳川氏の家臣として仕え、駿府城や江戸城の普請で功績を立てた。
• Since then he worked as a vassal of the Tokugawa clan, making achievements in building Sunpu-jo Castle and Edo-jo Castle.

• 西軍の足止めしたと功績され京極家は若狭小浜八万五千石を与えられる。
• The Kyogoku family was given the land of Wakasa Obama of 85,000 koku crop yields as the award for hindering the advance of the West squad.

• 内閣総理大臣として功績顕著な者などが死後、従一位に叙せられている。
• For example, Prime Ministers who made distinguished achievements are granted Juichii posthumously.

• 明治29年（1896年）、それまでの功績を称えて男爵に叙せられた。
• To honor great achievement, he was conferred baron in 1896.

• それにより、現在の郡山市地方周辺の開発に土台を築いた功績は大きい。
• It was a great achievement that he built the foundation to develop nearby spots in the region of present-day Koriyama City by constructing the Asaka canal.

• 良沢の功績を称える『蘭学事始』を喜んだであろうことは想像に難くない。
• It is not hard to imagine that Ryotaku was delighted by finding Fukuzawa's book praised Ryotaku's achievements.

• この功績から4500石を加増され、高取藩は再び2万5000石となる。
• For these efforts, Takatori Domain received additional 4,500 koku and the landholdings of the domain increased to 25,000 koku again.

• 西南戦争の功績により陸軍中将に昇進、陸軍士官学校_(日本)となった。
• Because of his military contribution to the Seinan War, he was promoted to lieutenant general, and also became president of the Army War College.

• 勤皇派藩士の一人であった中村喜八郎は維新の功績により山桜を拝領する。
• Kihachiro NAKAMURA, one of the pro-imperial warriors, received a mountain cherry tree in recognition of his contribution to the Restoration.

• 関ヶ原の戦いの功績により丹後全域が京極高知の領国（丹後藩）となった。
• Because of Takatomo KYOGOKU's great achievement in the Battle of Sekigahara, the entire area of Tango was given to Takatomo (the Tango Domain).

• 戦後、その功績を称えられ朝鮮の王から金忠善の名を賜り帰化人となった。
• After the war, he was given the name Kim Chung-seon to honor his achievement and he became a naturalized citizen.

• 豊臣秀吉に使番、金切裂指物使番として仕え、小田原の役で功績を挙げた。
• He served for Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI as a tsukaiban (a person responsible for order and patrol in the battlefield) and a kinno kirisaki sashimono tsukaiban, and rendered distinguished performance in the Siege of Odawara.

• この功績により、一色氏の家督を継ぎ丹後国・伊勢国北半国の守護となる。
• Based on this achievement, he took over reigns of the Isshiki clan and became a provincial constable of Tango and north part of Ise provinces.

• 7月27日小姓組・さらに禁裏作事の功績により四拾七俵四人扶持に加増。
• His stipend was increased to that of forty-seven bales for four people by his achievements of koshogumi (page corps) and also the kinri sakuji on September 12.

• 戊辰戦争に参戦し、その功績により歩兵から士官に取り立てられたと言う。
• He fought in the Boshin War and it is said that he made a great achievement and was promoted from a foot soldier to an officer.

• 3年連続の同映画祭での入賞は、日本国内では他に類を見ない功績である。
• His winning of the award at the festival for three consecutive years has been an unprecedented achievement in Japan.

• 1951年、褒章褒章の種類を受章（社会公共事業に対する功績による）。
• In 1951 he was awarded a type of medal of merit (for distinguished service in social and public works).

• 明治20年（1887年）5月にはこれまでの功績を認められ子爵に叙爵。
• In May 1887 he was given the title of viscount in recognition of his achievement to date.

• 後にそれぞれの省に人事局恩賞課が置かれた他、功績調査部なども置かれた。
• Subsequently, each ministry created a reward section under the Bureau of Personnel alongside the Achievement Appraisal Department.

• 父、秀郷が平将門の乱で功績あげたことにより朝廷で登用され京で活動する。
• Since his father Hidesato attained a great achievement during the TAIRA no Masakado's War, he was appointed to the Imperial Court and worked in Kyoto.

• この功績により、秀久は信濃国小諸城に5万石を得て、大名として復帰した。
• With these achievements, he was successful in making a come back as a daimyo, gaining the Komoro-jo Castle together with 50,000 koku of rice.

• 戦後、父子の功績をあわせて豊前国中津市に12万5000石を与えられた。
• After the war, the father and son were granted 125,000 koku in Nakatsu City, Buzen Province for their achievements.

• この時期の大将軍として、対匈奴戦争で大きな功績を挙げた衛青が知られる。
• A well-known Daishogun during the period is Wei Qing, who was highly successful in the campaigns against the Xiongnu tribes.

• 寺院の障壁画なども多く手掛けており、その功績からか法橋に叙されている。
• He had also worked on many of the wall paintings of temples, and through those great achievements or another, he was conferred the rank of Hokyo.

• 大隅の功績は、『続日本紀』天平宝字元年（757年）12月9日条にある。
• Osumi's great achievement is described in the article of December 9, 757 in 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued).

• この功績により、検非違使尉の地位を嫡男の盛道に譲ることを許されている。
• Due to this, he was assigned the position of the Kebiishi no jo (No. 3 official of the Police and Judicial Chief) to his heir, Morimichi.

• 真山青果や岡本綺堂の新作を「名作」の域に昇華させたのも壽海の功績である。
• Jukai's merits lay in his taking new works by Seika MAYAMA and Kido OKAMOTO to the realm of 'masterpieces.'

• 『古事記』のこの戦闘場面に武内宿禰は登場せず、全て武振熊の功績とする）。
• (In the 'Kojiki,' there was no description about Takenouchi no Sukune in the scene of the battle and all the achievements were credited to Takefuru Kuma.)

• これらの功績から、天正18年（1590年）11月4日、法眼に任じられた。
• From these contributions, he was appointed to Hogen (a title of honor) on November 30, 1590.

• イタリアンルネッサンスを開花させるきっかけを作ったのはジョットの功績だ。
• Giotto is credited with sowing the seeds of the Italian Renaissance.

• 功績があった存命中の他者の霊を祀る場合と、自己の霊魂を祀る場合とがある。
• There are cases where the spirit of someone else who has performed great achievements and is alive is honored and where one's own soul is worshipped.

• 今日の栄典制度では、勲二等相当の功績ある人物が亡くなった際に叙位される。
• Under the current Honors System, when those credited with the Second Order of Merit die, they are awarded the rank..

• 千種区覚王山の日泰寺舎利殿参道には、桃介の功績を偲んだ「追憶碑」がある。
• There is a 'commemoration monument' on the Sando (approach to the temple) to the Shariden hall of Nittai-ji Temple in Kakuozan, Chigusa Ward, to commemorate the great achievements of Momosuke.

• 崩御に際して「ロンドンタイムズ」は彼女の功績を高く評価する記事を掲載した。
• At the time of her death, 'Times of London' ran an article highly evaluating her great achievements.

• 蘇我氏は歴史の敗北者であり、『正史』によりその正体と功績が抹消されている。
• The Soga clan was a loser in history, and their identity and accomplishments have been erased from the 'official history.'

• 明治29年（1896年）6月、北海道開拓事業の功績を受け、伯爵号を授かる。
• In June, 1896, he was granted the rank of count for his achievement in Hokkaido reclamation plan.

• また南北朝合一を斡旋して功績があり、足利氏一門の待遇を受けるまでになった。
• Yoshihiro also had the merit of having helped mediate the unification of the two courts, and reached the point that he was treated with the same honors as a relative of the Ashikaga clan itself.

• 一方で、笠取垰、小諸城及び城下町を現在のようにしたのは秀久の功績でもある。
• However Hidehisa did achieve establishing Kasatori-toge Mountain pass, Komoro-jo Castle and its castle towns.

• その後は九戸政実の乱の討伐や文禄・慶長の役、伏見城普請などに功績を挙げた。
• Subsequently, he rendered distinguished services in the Rebellion of Masazane KUNOHE suppression, the Bunroku-Keicho War, the Fushimi-jo Castle construction project, and so force.

• どのような功績があったかは不明だが、大紫は壬申の功臣の中でも高位ではある。
• It is uncertain what sort of great achievements he made, however, the rank of Daishi is categorized as most eminent among all the meritorious retainers of the year of Mizunoe-Saru.

• 貞享元年には了翁の功績を伝えるため、寛永寺境内に等身大の銅像が建立された。
• In 1684, to tell Ryoo's achievement to future generations, the Kanei-ji Temple built a life-sized bronze statue of Ryoo in the temple.

• したがって、当時は姓を持たず、壬申の乱の功績で連を授かったとする説がある。
• Therefore, some suggests that he was only given the title, Muraji, for his great achievements during the Jinshin War.

• なお忠季の子忠尋は天台座主・大僧正となり、天台宗の発展に功績を挙げている。
• Tadasue's son, Chujin became the tendai-zasu (the head of Tendai Sect.) and daisojo (the chief priest), and contributed to development of the Tendai Sect.

• これは彼の功績であると称賛され、以後、即位礼は紫宸殿で行われる例となった。
• This decision was highly praised as his great achievement, and it became customary to hold the coronation ceremony in the Shishinden Hall.

• 後藤が著名である理由として、幕末期に土佐藩や国政に関わった功績が挙げられる。
• The reason for Goto's high reputation is his great achievement in Tosa Domain and national politics at the end of Edo period.

• 大永8年（1528年）7月、それまでの功績により山城国の守護代に任じられた。
• Due to his meritorious deeds by then, in July 1528, he was appointed to shugodai (an acting shugo, who was allowed the military and police authority to rule an appointed region) of Yamashiro Province.

• その功績により、同年10月7日に大初位下石村村主石楯は従五位下を授けられた。
• Due to this exploit, Iwatate IWAMURASUGURI who was Daihatsuinoge at the time was promoted to Jugoinoge on November 8 in the same year.

• その功績により豊後国の守護職を与えられたが、同年12月3日に京都で急死した。
• He was given Shugoshiki (post of provincial constable) of Bungo Province for this achievement, but on January 17 of the following year he died suddenly in Kyoto.

• これから彼の功績を、ほんの一部ではありますが、お目にかけようと思っています。
• It is some of those actions of his, some of those exploits, that I will endeavor to narrate,

• 神の救済は功績よりも信仰によって与えられると信じた（1483年−1546年）
• believed that salvation is granted on the basis of faith rather than deeds (1483-1546)

• 英国の看護師で、クリミア戦争のときの功績で知られる（1820年−1910年）
• English nurse remembered for her work during the Crimean War (1820-1910)

• その功績を賞されて建武の新政下では筑前国・豊前国・筑後国の守護に任じられた。
• As a reward for his performance, he was appointed to be the Director of Chikuzen, Buzen, and Chikugo Provinces under the Kenmu Restoration.

• 以後は、摺上原の戦いや葛西大崎一揆、文禄・慶長の役にも従軍して功績を立てた。
• He subsequently served with distinction in the Battle of Suriagehara, Kasai-Osaki Ikki Uprisings, and the Bunroku-Keicho War.

• また、映画を通じて平和を訴え続けた功績により2005年に谷本清平和賞を受賞。
• He also received the Kiyoshi TANIMOTO Peace Prize in 2005 for his continued achievements in appealing for peace through the medium of film.

• オランダ政府代表として黄浦江改修事業の技師長としての功績によるものとされる。
• The award was given for his achievements on the Huangpu River restoration project as the representative of the Dutch government.

• 昭和3年（1927年）11月10日、生前の功績により正五位の位記を送られる。
• On November 10, 1927, he was posthumously awarded a Shogoi (Senior Fifth Rank) Iki (a letter of appointment) in recognition of her accomplishment.

• この功績により、大仏師覚如（円宗寺講堂の造仏を担当）とともに法眼に叙せられた。
• In reward for this achievement, he was conferred 'hogan' (the second highest rank of Buddhist priests) along with the 'Daibusshi' (master sculptor) Kakunyo, who took charge of making statues enshrined in Enso-ji Temple's 'Kodo' (Auditorium).

• その功績から家康が関東に移った時、上総国佐貫藩の地に2万石の所領を与えられた。
• As the reward for it, when Ieyasu moved to the Kanto region, Ienaga was granted a 20,000 koku fief in the Sanuki Domain, Kazusa Province.

• この戦いで景仲も副将格として出陣して、忠政が持氏を捕らえた際にも功績があった。
• Kagenaka joined this war as a vice-commander, and he made a great contribution at the time when Tadamasa captured Mochiuji.

• 豊臣政権においては「糟糠の妻」の功績から大きな発言力と高い政治力を持っていた。
• Nene had a great voice and a high political power under the TOYOTOMI regime through the position as 'the wife who had been supporting him since his poverty.'

• 1964年5月14日、その功績を讃える「頌徳碑」が観音峠隧道南側に建立された。
• On May 14, 1964, 'Shotokuhi' (a monument which praises one's high virtue) was dedicated at the southern side of the Kannon-toge Mountain pass tunnel in recognition of his great achievement.

• その功績によって弘化3年（1846年）に異例の親子2代の天文方任命が行われた。
• Resulting from this achievement, an exceptional Tenmonkata nomination for the two generations, the Yamaji father and son, occured in 1846.

• 淮西の李希烈を殺した功績で淮西節度使となっていた陳仙奇が呉少誠によって倒された。
• Xianqi CHEN, who had became setsudoshi of Waisei because of his accomplishment in killing Xilie LI in Waisei, was defeated by Shaocheng WU.

• これは藤原不比等が、父親である藤原鎌足の功績を高く評価させたためとも考えられる。
• This may be because FUJIWARA no Fuhito let people esteem the achievements of his father, FUJIWARA no Kamatari.

• ただし、同条に父・古人の侍読の功績によると記されており、その後の支給の例もない。
• However, the description is also seen in the above book saying Gakumonryo was granted in reward for their father Huruhito's achievement as Jidoku (imperial tutor) and none were rewarded thereafter.

• 明治維新後には、幕末からの功績を認められて忠能は侯爵に叙せられ、神祇官を務めた。
• After the Meiji Restoration, his achievements since the end of the Edo Period was appreciated and the peerage of count was conferred on Tadayasu and he served as Jingikan (department of worship).

• この功績もあって、その後も清盛の信頼厚く、惟方失脚の後も平氏政権の下で立身する。
• After that, he earned the deep trust of Kiyomori by this achievement, and rose up under the Taira clan government even after Korekata fell.

• 天正15年（1587年）の九州征伐では長政自身は日向国財部城攻めで功績を挙げた。
• In the Kyushu Conquest of 1587, Nagamasa rendered distinguished service in the Siege of Takarabe-jo Castle, in Hyuga Province.

• 明治43年（1910年）江戸時代の学問を興隆させた功績により正四位が贈呈された。
• In 1910, the rank of Shoshii (Senior Fourth Rank) was presented to Banzan for his contribution to the academic development in the Edo period.

• 尊氏は正慶2年（1333年）に後醍醐天皇の挙兵に応じて鎌倉幕府を倒す功績を挙げた。
• In 1333, Takauji joined, and contributed greatly to, the army raised by Emperor Godaigo to overthrow the Kamakura Shogunate.

• また、小学校ではよく総合的な学習の時間で取り上げられ、その生涯、功績を学んでいる。
• In addition, many elementary schools feature Choei in the integrated learning period to hand down his life and achievements to younger generations.

• 一、佐久間信盛・信栄親子ともども天王寺に五年間在城しながら何ら功績もあげていない。
• 1. Nobumori SAKUMA and his son Nobuhide both stayed in Tennoji for five years, but accomplished nothing.

• 後醍醐天皇による建武の新政が始まると、亡父の功績を賞されて肥後国一国を与えられた。
• When Emperor Godaigo launched Kenmu Restoration, he was given Higo Province in appreciation of his late father's deed.

• それらの功績により上野国や武蔵国、伊豆国、安房国、下野国の守護職を与えられている。
• Due to these accomplishments, he was given the position of shugoshiki (military governor) for Kozuke Province, Musashi Province, Izu Province, Awa Province and Shimotsuke Province.

• 文久2年（1862年）、島津久光の上洛に従って京都に上った功績により軍奉行となる。
• He was assigned to a military commissioner for his contribution to Hisamitsu SHIMAZU's visit to Kyoto as Hisamitsu's acolyte.

• 今に伝わる摂関期の貴重な基本史料である日記『権記』（ごんき）を残した功績も大きい。
• His diary, 'Gonki,' is considered to be an important contribution as an important historical source for the Sekkan period (the period ruled by Seessho regent and chief adviser to the emperor).

• 賞賛に値する功績を表明するために、「貴方の功績をたたえて」というフレーズに使われる
• used in the phrase `to your credit' in order to indicate an achievement deserving praise

• これら朝鮮における一連の功績から、3000石を加増されて3万3000石の大名となる。
• He was given an additional 3,000 koku for his achievements in Korea, bringing his income to 33,000 koku.

• 伊達政宗の功臣のうち,特に功績の大きかった3人,片倉景綱・伊達成実・茂庭綱元を指す。
• refers to Kagetsuna KATAKURA, Shigezane DATE, and Tsunamoto MONIWA, the three men of the meritorious retainers of Masamune DATE who made the greatest achievements.

• 清盛が乱の功績により播磨国になったことで、頼盛は清盛の知行国・安芸国の受領となった。
• As Kiyomori was appointed to the post of Harima no kuni no kami (the governor of Harima Province), in recognition of his meritorious deeds during the Hogen War, and Yorimori became Zuryo for Aki no kuni (Aki Province), which was Kiyomori's chigyo koku (provincial fiefdom).

• その功績を称えられ、明治18年（1885年）に弥生神社（現 弥生慰霊堂）に祀られた。
• To acknowledge his achievements, he was enshrined in Yayoi-jinja Shrine (present-day Yayoi memorial hall) in 1885.

• 3月15日、孝明天皇は和気清麻呂の功績を讃えて正一位と「護王大明神」の神号を贈った。
• On April 16, 1851, Emperor Komei praised WAKE no Kiyomaro's achievement and granted him Shoichii (Senior First Rank) and the title of god 'Goo Daimyojin.'

• 1887年5月24日、造幣寮の創業・鉄道の発展に貢献した功績により子爵を授けられる。
• On May 24, 1887, he was given the title of Viscount because of his contributions to the establishment of the Mint and the development of railways.

• 制服、身分証明書、階級章その他の地位又は身分を示す記章及び勲章その他の功績を示す記章
• Uniforms, identification cards, rank badges and other badges of status or position, decorations and other badges indicative of achievements;

• それらの功績により実陰は羽林家（極官は大納言）でありながら従一位准大臣まで昇進した。
• Because of his achievements, Sanekage was promoted to a Juichii Jun-daijin (vice minister, junior first rank), although he was from the Urin Family (the highest rank was Dainagon, chief councilor).

• 特に司法制度の整備（司法職務制定・裁判所建設・民法編纂・国法編纂など）に功績を残す。
• He was particularly noted for his success in organizing the judicial system.

• 関ヶ原の戦いにおいて家康方について功績を認められたため、土佐国20万石を与えられた。
• He fought for the Tokugawa side during the Battle of Sekigahara and his services were recognized; therefore, he was given Tosa Province, equaling 200,000 koku.

• 徳島藩筆頭家老稲田家は戊辰戦争、北海道開拓に功績があったとして男爵を与えられている。
• The Inada family, Hitto karo (the head of chief retainers) of the Tokushima Domain, were bestowed the title of Baron as an award for their great achievement in the development of Hokkaido.

• 室町幕府及び江戸幕府においては名門或いは功績ある武家の当主に許された称号または敬称。
• Under the reign of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and Edo bakufu, it also meant a title or a honorific title allowed to a head of any distinguished family or of samurai family who was credited with his achievements.

• その功績により室町幕府開設後、豊後国の他に肥前国・豊前国・日向国の守護に任じられた。
• Due to this contribution, after the Muromachi shogunate was established, he was appointed Shugo (military governor) of Hizen Province, Buzen Province, Hyuga Province as well as Bungo Province.

• これらの功績が評価されて1157年に内大臣（前年からの左大将を兼務）に就任している。
• This act was evaluated and he was appointed Naidaijin (minister) (also held Sadaisho (Major Captain the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards) from the previous year) in 1157.

• これは重春の祖父帯刀が1867年に鉄道敷設建白書を呈上した功績を考慮したためである。
• This is because Shigeharu's grandfather, Tatewaki, sent a petition about laying a railroad in 1867 and his achievement was considered.

• 西園寺には、岩倉具視や三条実美のような幕末期における政治的功績はほとんど皆無であった。
• Unlike Tomomi IWAKURA and Sanetomi SANJO, Saionji had virtually no political achievements by the end of Edo period.

• 前漢の高祖 劉邦に仕えた功臣のうち、特に功績の大きかった3人、蕭何・張良・韓信を指す。
• refers to Xiao He, Zhang Liang, and Han Xin, the three who made the greatest achievements of the meritorious retainers who served Gaozu (first emperor) of the Former Han Dynasty, Liu Bang.

• 明治10年（1877年）から西南戦争に従軍、少なからぬ功績が認められ勲等が授与された。
• In 1877 he fought in Seinan War and was recognised for his great achievements with an Order of Merit.

• 中でも大阪生まれの小文治、百生は東京の観客に上方落語を紹介するなど大きな功績をあげた。
• Born in Osaka, Kobunji and Hyakusho were particularly instrumental in introducing Kamigata rakugo to their audiences in Tokyo.

• この間、関ヶ原の戦いの功績により福島高晴が3万石余で伊勢国長島から加増転封されて入る。
• During this time, with the meritorious deed at the Battle of Sekigahara, Takaharu FUKUSHIMA moved in from Nagashima, Ise Province with the added crop yields approximately 30,000 koku as the local lord instead of Nobukatsu.

• これに従う福富秀勝は比類なき功績を打ち立てた」という返事を清秀に出した（6月5日付）。
• And Hidekatsu FUKUTOMI, who followed them, has made an unparalleled achievement' (dated June 5).

• これらの功績により、近江国浅井郡唐国（現在の東浅井郡虎姫町域）で400石を与えられた。
• Due to these achievements, he was given 400 koku (a quantity of rice to feed one person for one year) in Karakuni, Asai District, Omi Province (currently Torahime-cho, Higashiazai-gun).

• これは、長政が又兵衛の功績と、かつて如水に寵愛された事を嫉妬したからだと言われている。
• It is said that this was due to Nagamasa's jealousy over Matabee's great achievements and the affection he had once received from Josui.

• ロジャー･マリスが1ゲーム中に4つのホームランを打った際、彼の功績は畏敬の念を抱かせた
• when Roger Maris powered four home runs in one game his performance merits awe

• 慶長20年（1615年）、大坂夏の陣で功績を挙げ、同国福知山藩5万石に加増移封された。
• He rendered outstanding services during the Summer Siege of Osaka and was transferred to the Fukuchiyama Domain in Tanba Province with an estimated yield of 50,000 koku.

• その時に戦死した高取種佐は、大正8年（1919年）11月、勤皇の功績で正五位を贈られた。
• In November 1919, Tanesuke TAKATORI, who died in this battle, was given the Shogoi (Senior Fifth Rank) for faithfully serving the Emperor in November 1919.

• 研ぎすまされた寂寥、閑寂の美をそこに盛ることで、中世的叙情を準備した面でも功績は大きい。
• He laid the foundation for the Middle Age lyrical poems by introducing the strained quiet loneliness and beauty of silence period making a significant contribution to the art of Japanese poetry.

• 自身で嗜んだのみならず家元を保護し、確立した功績から、彼は囲碁殿堂として顕彰されている。
• Because not only he himself played Igo but also protected the head family of the Igo school and established the Igo society, he was praised publicly in the hall of fame for Igo.

• また、北海道開拓の功績により伊達邦成、伊達正人（伊達邦直の孫）が1892年に男爵を授爵。
• Also, Kunishige DATE and Masato DATE, grandson of Kuninao DATE, were granted a title of baronage for their achievement in the reclamation of Hokkaido.

• 元忠は幼少の頃から徳川家康に仕えて幾度となく功績を挙げたが、感状をもらうことは無かった。
• Mototada served Ieyasu Tokugawa from his childhood and rendered a lot of distinguished services but never received a citation.

• 以下の方々が本製品に貢献しています。名前を列挙することで、その功績を称えたいと思います。
• We would like to recognize the following names for their contributions to the product:

• こうした生前の功績に対して、没後に太政大臣官職を贈られた場合には、「贈太政大臣」となる。
• When the post of Daijo-daijin was given after death for meritorious service performed in life, it was 'Zo Daijo-daijin' (the Grand Minister, posthumously conferred).

• また本来外様大名である家も、血縁関係や幕府への功績を考慮されて譜代扱いとなることもある。
• Besides, some families which were originally tozama daimyo could irregularly be treated as fudai because of blood relationship or great achievements for the shogunate.

• 宝亀4年（773年）、造宮卿としての功績で嫡男高倉石麻呂が替わりに従五位下を授けられた。
• In 773, Fukushin's legitimate son, TAKAKURA no Ishimaro, was awarded the rank of Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) for the achievements Fukushin made as the Zogukyo (Minister of Making and Mending Palaces).

• 同年10月には孫の正人が邦直の北海道開拓に掛る功績により男爵を授けられ華族に列せられた。
• In October the next year his grandchild, Masato, was conferred the Baronage on the ground of Kuninao's achievements in developing Hokkaido and was thus raised to the peerage.

• 霊亀2年（716年）3月8日に、村国連小依の功績によって息子の志我麻呂が田を与えられた。
• On March 8, 716, his son Shiganomaro was given a rice field for the achievements of his father, MURAKUNI no Muraji Oyori.

• そうした功績をもって朝廷より丹波宿禰姓を賜り、以来医家として連綿と続く丹波氏の祖となる。
• With this accomplishment he was given Tanba no sukune no kabane (the title of Tanba no sukune, the third rank of title ranking system), and he became the forefather of the Tanba clan, which, since then, has an uninterrupted line of physicians.

• この功績により、戦後に家康より近江国内で9000石を与えられ、同時に甲賀組を与えられた。
• He was awarded 9,000 Goku crop yields in Omi Province from Ieyasu after the battle because of his achievements of the battle and was also awarded the Koga-gumi group at the same time.

• この間の功績を認められ、宍戸家の末家を新たに建てることを認可され、直目付役に任ぜられた。
• In recognition of his achievements during the period, Tamaki was allowed to establish a new branch family of SHISHIDO and was also appointed jikimetsuke-yaku (a kind of supervisor post).

• 当初より豊臣秀吉に仕え、長年の功績により羽柴姓を許されるまでになり、羽柴伊奈侍従と称す。
• First serving under Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, after long years of meritorious service he was allowed to take the family name Hashiba and was known as Ina HASHIBA (羽柴伊奈) Jiju (chamberlain).

• 信長は秀吉の行動に激怒したが許され、秀吉は織田信忠の指揮下で松永久秀を滅ぼし功績を挙げる。
• Nobunaga got angry with Hideyoshi's behavior but permitted him, and Hideyoshi achieved to subvert Hisahide MATSUNAGA commanded by Nobutada ODA.

• 大正12年（1923年）3月にはこの事業の推進のために「芳賀矢一功績記念会」も結成された。
• In March, 1923, 'Memorial Association of Yaichi Haga's Achievements' was also formed in order to promote the project.

• 信長は殿を務めた池田勝正らの功績などもあり、苦戦しながらも近江を脱出した（金ヶ崎の戦い）。
• With the achievements of Katsumasa IKEDA and others who protected the shingari Nobunaga managed to escape from Omi Province though the fighting was hard (the Battle of Kanagasaki).

• 本山に対してある特定以上の功績があった人に、その御礼の意味で「須弥壇収骨証」が下附される。
• A person who makes a particular contribution to the head temple is given 'the certificate for cineration to Shumidan' in token of its gratitude.

• 彼の死後、家督は長男の政長が後を継ぎ、戦死した父の功績を賞されて、1万石を加増されている。
• After his death, his oldest son, Masanaga took over as the head of the family and to honor his father's achievements killed in the battle, his revenues were increased by 10,000 koku.

• 現在、その場所に彼の名前を冠した公園があり、園内には彼の功績を顕彰する碑が建てられている。
• There is a park named after him at that location, and a monument that honors his achievements.

• 戊辰戦争後は藩政改革に参加し、民事奉行や日向都城市の地頭など不平士族等を治める功績を残した。
• After the Boshin War, he filled posts of Minji Bugyo (Magistrate of civil affair) and Jito (manager and lord of manor) of Miyakonojo City, Hyuga Province and he participated in reformation of domain duties and performed great services in society controlling fuhei shizoku (former samurai with gripes).

• 信長の本隊が追いつく前に武田勝頼・武田信勝父子を天目山の戦いにて自害に追い込む功績をあげた。
• He achieved great success, forcing Katsuyori TAKEDA and Nobutaka TAKEDA, father and son, to commit suicide at the Battle of Tenmokuzan before the arrival of the main force of the Nobunaga army.

• 足利学校の長となるが、関ヶ原の戦いの折には徳川家康の陣中に随行し、占筮によって功績をたてた。
• After assuming the position of the head of Ashikaga School, he attended Ieyasu TOKUGAWA during the Battle of Sekigahara and at its front, he distinguished himself by conducting divination (using bamboo divination sticks).

• 幕末には朝廷権力の復活を背景に岩倉具視や三条実美など明治維新に功績を残した者を多数輩出した。
• At the end of the Edo period, with the background of a revival of chotei's authority, it produced many important figures, such as Tomomi IWAKURA and Sanemi SANJO who left great achievements during the Meiji Restoration.

• 特権的身分制度が設けられ、韓国の旧皇族は王公族に、韓国併合に功績あるものは朝鮮貴族となった。
• A privileged class system was established, which made former imperial families of Korea become royals and those who made an achievement on the annexation of Korea become Korean nobles.

• 上記のように、京都が義仲の軍事制圧下にある状況で義仲の功績を全て否定することは不可能だった。
• As stated above, it was impossible then to completely negate Yoshinaka's achievements when Kyoto was under the control of Yoshinaka's force.

• 兄弟の高師泰も新田義貞、北畠顕家を討つなど軍事的功績を挙げ、幕府の中枢に参画するようになる。
• His brother Moroyasu KO was also militarily successful by defeating Yoshisada NITTA and Akiie KITABATAKE and participated as a core member of the bakufu.

• また、上杉禅秀の乱の鎮圧に功績があった今川範政が副将軍に任ぜられたとする記録が残されている。
• And also, there is a written record that Norimasa IMAGAWA, who played a role in quelling War of Zenshu UESUGI, was appointed as vice shogun.

• それらの功績から天正10年（1582年）、甲斐国巨摩郡身延町に1万石を与えられて大名となる。
• Due to these achievements, he became Daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) in 1582, receiving 10,000 koku (crop fields) in Minobu-cho, Koma District, Kai Province.

• その後も幕府に仕えて功績を挙げ、豊後の守護職の他に検非違使や惣追捕使などにも叙任されている。
• He continued to serve the government and brought many great achievements, which made him become the governor of Bungo Province, and was further given the titles of Kebiishi (official with judicial power) and Sotsuibushi (official in charge of police and military roles).

• 慶長19年（1614年）からの大坂の役にも参陣して功績を挙げたため、御小姓番頭に任じられた。
• He was designated Okosho Banto (chief of pageboys) due to his fine performance when he joined the battle in the Siege of Osaka, which began from 1614.

• しかし、開国が実現した後（1898年（明治31年）7月4日）、その功績により位階を追贈された。
• After the opening of Japan to the world, however, Choei was conferred a court rank for the achievements in July 4, 1898.

• また、奉行としての行政の功績だけではなく、三河一向一揆鎮圧戦などで大いに活躍し、戦功を挙げた。
• Furthermore, he was not only known for his legislative role as a magistrate, but he also distinguished himself by suppressing the uprising of Ikko sect followers in Mikawa Province).

• 石州とほぼ同世代ではあるが、石州没後も20年以上長生きして石州流の初期伝播に大きな功績がある。
• Even though Sogen was the same generation as Sekishu, he lived 20 years longer than Sekishu and served to spread the Sekishu-ryu School at an early stage.

• また逆に、天皇から授かった桐紋などを将軍が功績のあった、優秀な家臣や家来に授けることもあった。
• To the contrary, some Shogun presented Kiri-mon, that they received from the Emperor, to their own followers who served them well.

• 朝臣は、主に壬申の乱で功績の有った主に臣（おみ）の姓（かばね）を持つ氏族に優先的に与えられた。
• Asomi was mainly preferentially granted to the clans whose achievement was acknowledged in the Jinshin War and who had the kabane of Omi.

• 織田氏重臣であった滝川一益は武田氏の討伐と関東進出への功績から、70万石もの所領を与えられた。
• Kazumasa TAKIGAWA, who was a great vassal of the Oda clan, was rewarded with a holding of 700,000 koku (approximately 126,000 cubic meters).

• 京都所司代時代には京都御所炎上の大火があり、その復旧に功績があって孝明天皇より茶室を拝領する。
• When he was the Kyoto shoshidai, there was a great fire that destroyed the Kyoto Imperial Palace, and he received a tea house from Emperor Komei for his achievement of its restoration.

• 764年に一兵士として藤原仲麻呂の乱の鎮定に出動し、藤原仲麻呂（恵美押勝）を斬る功績を立てた。
• Iwatate was mobilized as a soldier in 764 to suppress FUJIWARA no Nakamaro's Rebellion and performed a great feat of slaying FUJIWARA no Nakamaro (Oshikatsu EMI) there.

• その功績により慶長6年（1601年）6月、1万石加増の2万石で伊勢国長島藩主として移封された。
• As the praise to his contribution, he was entitled to additional 10.000 koku (1 koku is about 180 litters of rice yield) and assigned as the lord of Nagashima Domain in Ise Province as a daimyo of 20.000 koku..

• この折檻状や前田利家の復帰から、失敗を上回る功績を立てれば許すという方針を持っていたと言える。
• This letter of chastisement and the return of Toshiie MAEDA show that Nobunaga had a policy to forgive a vassal if he made a bigger contribution than his failure.

• 津軽為信の軍師として活躍したと言われているが、明確な功績についての詳細はあまりわかっていない。
• He is said to have been flourished as the strategist for Tamenobu TSUGARU, but details of his achievements are not so certain.

• その後、高句麗や新羅が百済北部を侵すようになると、百済は執事の功績を賞賛し、大和に援軍を求めた。
• After that, Goguryeo began to invade Silla and the northern part of Baekje, so Baekje praised the great achievement of the official of Mimana Nihon-fu in order to ask Yamato for reinforcement.

• 仏教の興隆につとめ、『国記』、『天皇記』の編纂を通して天皇の地位を高めるなど大きな功績をあげた。
• He had many great achievements including the promotion of Buddhism, and the improvement of the status of the emperor by compiling 'Kokki' and 'Tennoki.'

• さらに、血縁の嫡庶遠近に関わらず功績のあった者のみに自らと同様、源姓使用を許す門葉として遇した。
• Furthermore, regardless of how close or what the blood or maternal family relations were, he allowed only those who made achievements to use the family name of Minamoto in the same manner as himself.

• その功績が認められ、現位置に今井の天守閣ともいわれる豪壮な建築の行われたのが始まりのようである。
• It seems that the construction of the magnificent building also known as the castle tower of Imai at the present location in recognition of Imanishi's achievements marked the beginning of Imanishi-ke Jutaku.

• そして、天正13年（1585年）、四国征伐の功績により、秀吉から讃岐国高松10万石を与えられた。
• As a result of his achievements in the Shikoku Conquest, he was awarded Takamatsu in Sanuki Province with 100,000 koku of rice in 1585 by Hideyoshi.

• 文禄元年（1592年）、秀吉の命令で朝鮮出兵が始まると、肥前国名護屋城の築城工事で功績を挙げた。
• In 1592, when Japan's Invasion of Korea started by order of Hidesyoshi, successfully achieved constructing Nagoya-jo Castle in Hizen Province.

• 朝廷及び明治新政府では、故人に対して生前の功績を称え位階または官職を追贈がなされることがあった。
• Under the Imperial Court and the new Meiji government, the court rank and the official post were conferred on the deceased in the recognition of services done in their lifetime.

• 博物学者としての再評価は、上野益三の業績をはじめとする、1970年代以降の諸研究の功績が大きい。
• His re-evaluation as a scholar of natural history was greatly thanks to the achievements by Masuzo UENO or various studies after 1970s.

• 特に渋沢栄一や前島密、杉浦愛蔵ら旧幕臣の登用を大隈重信や伊藤博文らに薦めた功績は特筆すべきである。
• It was his great achievement and worthy of mentioning that he suggested the appointment of former retainers of shogun such as Eichi SHIBUSAWA, Hisoka MAEJIMA and Aizo SUGIURA as government officials to Shigenobu OKUMA, Hirobumi ITO, and others.

• 重国の功績と重助の武勇を鑑みて寛大な措置がとられていただけに、よけい頼朝の怒りを買ったと見られる。
• Because he received mercy by considering Shigekuni's achievements and Shigesuke's bravery, he was offended by Yoritomo even more.

• その功績により、当主となった今川義元は雪斎を厚く信頼し、政治・軍事における最高顧問として重用する。
• By that achievement, Yoshimoto IMAGAWA put strong faith in Sessai and gave him the supreme post of politics and military affairs.

• 翌年、その功績により旧領2000石に加えて新たに1000石を加増され、徳川秀忠の兵法指南役となる。
• In the following year, for the achievements in the battle, he was given additional stipend of 1,000 goku while maintaining the former stipend of 2,000 goku, and he was appointed to the instructor of Heiho for Hidetada TOKUGAWA.

• 1594年、伏見城工事で功績を挙げたことから、豊臣秀吉より5700石の加増と、豊臣姓を下賜された。
• In 1594, since he performed well in the construction of Fushimi Castle, he was given an additional territory of 5,700 koku and the surname of Toyotomi from Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.

• 後に嵯峨家と中御門家が維新時の功績を認められて伯爵から陞爵し、最終的には合計10家が侯爵とされた。
• Later on, Saga family and Nakanomikado family were promoted from count to marquis due to their achievement at the Restoration, and finally ten families in total were admitted marquises.

• 草壁皇子の息子、697年軽皇子（文武天皇）の擁立に功績があり、その後見として政治の表舞台に出てくる。
• After having worked successfully for the enthronement of the Prince Karu (the Emperor Monmu), a son of the Prince Kusakabe, he appeared on the political scene as the guardian of the emperor.

• 清華家は原則として華族の侯爵家に列したが、三条家は三条実美の功績を持って一段高い公爵家に列している。
• As a general rule, the Seiga family was appointed as a marquis among the new nobility but, in recognition of the achievements made by Sanetomi SANJO, the Sanjo family was granted the title of duke, a rank higher than marquis.

• その後も女真による反乱を鎮圧するなどの功績により正二品の位階まで昇進した、朝鮮では英雄とされている。
• After that, he was promoted to 正二品 (senior second rank) for his achievement in suppressing the rebellion of Jurchen and he is seen as a hero in Korea.

• 延徳3年（1491年）、再び六角高頼征伐のため、敏定は義寛へ従軍し、功績を立てた（長享・延徳の乱）。
• In 1491, Toshisada again followed Yoshihiro in order to conquer Takayori ROKKAKU and achieved distinguished military service (Chokyo-Entoku Wars).

• 何度かの吐蕃軍の撃退などの功績および屯田開発などの成果に対して、唐は黒歯常之に燕国公の爵位を与えた。
• The Tang Dynasty valued Joshi KOKUSHI's contributions in repulsing the Toban army multiple times and his other achievements including the development of colonies, and they graced him with the title of Enkokuko (The Lord of the En region).

• また、彼の功績を称え、「薬園台」を地域では別名「正伯新田」という呼称もあり、古地図にも記されている。
• In the region, the place 'Yakuendai' is also called by another name 'Shohaku Shinden' in honor of Shohaku's great achievement, and the name appears in some old maps.

• 村人は月形のこれらの功績を称え同地を「月形村」と提案し、内務省もまた認可を与え樺戸郡月形町となった。
• The village people praised these TSUKIGATA's achievements and made a proposal to give the site the name of 'Tsukigata Village', which the Ministry of Interior also approved, so it became Tsukigata Town, Kabato County.

• 「雷大臣」などといわれ、一生奇行で通した人物であるが、鉄道技術者、経営者として果たした功績は大きい。
• Although he was called 'Kaminari Daijin' (literally, thunder minister) and kept being highly eccentric through his life, he produced great achievements as railway technician and manager.

• 野呂 元丈の功績を讃え、出身地の三重県多気郡多気町波多瀬に｢元丈の館」という記念館が設置されている。
• There is a memorial house of Genjo NORO called the 'House of Genjo' to praise his achievements in his hometown of Hatase, Taki Town, Taki County, Mie Prefecture.

• 宗十郎の功績としては、後輩の育成に熱心で、特に初代中村鴈治郎の素質をいち早く認めたことがあげられる。
• As a great achievement of Sojuro, he enthusiastically trained juniors and especially, he recognized Ganjiro NAKAMURA Ⅰ's talent faster than anybody.

• 外交手腕に優れ、時の将軍・足利義晴と細川晴元の和睦を仲介したりなど、多くの功績を立てたと言われている。
• Sadaharu had excellent diplomatic skills and, among other successes, is said to have brokered peace between the shoguns of the day, Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA and Harumoto HOSOKAWA.

• このことは、「功績を大きく見せるための誇張はあってもおおむね史実を反映したもの」とする評価が定着した。
• This interpretation of the inscription was then established as the universally established evaluation, granting the fact in 'Some components of the statements were exaggerations of a great achievement, but most of the components reflected accurately on historical facts.'

• しかし武将としては一流、功績も数え切れぬほどの功労者であるのを良い事に次第に傲慢な態度が目立ち始めた。
• However, his success and great achievements as a busho gradually turned him arrogant.

• 家康は忠実な部下の死を悲しみ、その功績もあって嫡男の鳥居忠政は後に山形藩24万石の大名に昇格している。
• Ieyasu, lamented over his faithful vassal and also recognized Mototada's achievements, promoted Mototada's eldest son and heir Tadamasa TORII to the Yamagata domain 240,000-koku feudal lord.

• 授与に当たっての選考基準は叙勲とほぼ同じだが、細部で異なっており、功績種別によっても選考基準が異なる。
• The eligibility criteria for the recipients are almost the same as that of the conferment of decoration, but the details differ, such that the eligibility criteria depend on what kind of achievements done.

• また藩には土佐郷士の懐柔政策の一つとして、特別な家系や功績によっては上士扱いの白札とする制度があった。
• Also in the domain there was a policy of conciliation whereby the Tosa goshi were honored with the special title of `Shirofuda` (based on family line or merit) so they would receive the same treatment as upper ranking samurai..

• それらの功績を評価されて黒歯常之は河源道経略大使となり、国境警備や屯田開発、城塞の設置などに奔走した。
• He was appointed commander-in-chief of the Kogen region as a reward for these contributions and worked hard to guard boarders, develop colonies, and construct fortresses.

• この功績により、光順は安政2年（1855年）、32歳の若さで従五位に叙せられ、陸奥守に任命されている。
• As a result of this success, he was given the court rank of Jugoi (Junior Fifth Rank)and appointed to be the Mutsu no kami (Governor of Mutsu Province) in 1855 when he was only 32 years old.

• 人となりは胆勇あり、滝口の武士として常磐殿に入った強盗を捕らえて、その功績により左兵衛尉に任命された。
• He had a courageous personality, and when he served as the guard of Imperial Palace who was in charge of near waterfall in the palace, Nobutsura caught a burglar in the Tokiwa Palace, which made him appointed as sahyoe no jo.

• 三国志における蜀の皇帝 劉備に仕えた忠臣のうち、特にその功績が大きかった3人、諸葛亮・関羽・張飛を指す。
• refers to Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, and Zhang Fei, the three men who made the greatest achievements of the loyal subjects who served Liu Bei, Emperor of Shu of Sangokushi (The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms).

• そうした時期であるために、いかに肉親であり功績のある者でも、自分に反抗する者は許しておくことは出来ない。
• Because of the time, he could not have tolerated those who stood against him, even if the person was from his own family and had made great achievements.

• また1149年（久安5年）延勝寺供養の際の勧賞で父の功績を譲られて法橋に任じられ、その後法眼に昇任した。
• Thanks to his father's distinguished service, he was appointed to Hokkyo (the third highest rank of artists for Buddhist sculpture) in kansho (awarding prize or position to people who rendered distinguished service) which took place at the occasion of a memorial service for Ensho-ji Temple in 1149, and later on, he was promoted to Hogen (the second highest rank of artists for Buddhist sculpture).

• 監督の力を確立し、業界に認めさせ、その創作力を芸術にまで向上させるために努力した功績によるものであった。
• It was because of his great performance that he endeavored to establish the director's power, make it accepted by the industry and enhance their creating ability to an art.

• 彼が情婦デリラにより彼らに裏切られるまで、ペリシテ人に対する強さの至難な功績を実行したイスラエルの裁判官
• a judge of Israel who performed herculean feats of strength against the Philistines until he was betrayed to them by his mistress Delilah

• 天正5年（1577年）、信長に反旗を翻した松永久秀の籠る大和国信貴山城を光秀とともに落として功績を挙げた。
• In 1577, he and Mitsuhide rendered distinguished services in the taking of Shigisan-jo Castle, the residence of Hisahide MATSUNAGA, who had raised a standard of revolt against Nobunaga.

• しかし、同策が坂本の発案である旨を述べなかった事から、後藤が坂本の功績を横取りしたという汚名も蒙っている。
• Because Goto did not mention that Taisei Hokan was Sakamoto's idea, some people criticized him for being an interceptor.

• ここで斎藤家重臣・日比野下野守の家来で、「頸取足立」の異名を持つ足立六兵衛なる豪傑を討ち取る功績を挙げた。
• In this battle he made a great achievement of killing a tough hero named Rokubei ADACHI, who had another name 'Kubitori Adachi' (head-severing Adachi), a retainer of Shimotsuke no kami (the governor of Shimotsuke Province) HIBINO who was a chief vassal of the Saito clan.

• ながらく園城寺法輪院に住し、密教図像の集成と絵師の育成に大きな功績を残したほか、自らの画術研鑽にも努めた。
• He resided at Horinin of Onjo-ji Temple for a long time and made a great contribution in collecting Esoteric Buddhist art as well as nurturing artists while striving to develop his own painting technique.

• 『万葉集』で御行が「大将軍」と記されるのも、この乱で顕著な功績を立てたためではないかと推測する向きもある。
• Some people tend to presume that the reason why Miyuki's name was written with the title 'Daishogun' (the great general) in the oldest anthology of Japanese poetry, 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), is that Miyuki had accomplished an outstanding achievement in the war.

• 壬申の乱の戦域は大別して近江と倭（大和）の二つあり、吹負はその一方の主将として活躍し、大きな功績を立てた。
• The main battlefield of the Jinshin War was Omi and Yamato, and Fukei produced a great achievement as the main general fighting at one of the large battlefields.

• 大谷祖廟の改築や、難波別院や山科別院長福寺の再建を遂げ、また、大谷大学に講師職を設けるなどの功績を残した。
• His achievements included the renovation of Otani Sobyo Grave, the reconstruction of Nanba Betsuin and Yamashina Betsuin Chofuku-ji Temple, and he established the lecturer post for Otani University.

• この年、蘇定方率いる唐軍が百済の都泗ビを攻め、配下の劉仁願が義慈王を捕らえる功績を挙げ、百済を滅亡させる。
• When the Tang army led by So Teiho attacked Shibi, the capital of Kudara (Paekche) in this year, Rui Jinki made a great performance by capturing Uija and destroying Kudara.

• その功績から応永4年（1397年）2月に再び相国寺の住持として再任されるが、翌年には辞して鹿苑院塔主となる。
• Because of that achievement, Chushin was reappointed as the chief priest of Shokoku-ji Temple in February 1397; however, he resigned from the position and became the Tassu (a priest who takes care of a tacchu, sub-temple founded to commemorate the death of a high priest) of Rokuon-in Temple.

• これら功績をあげた最初期の武士たちは、貴種の血統を受けており、武芸をもって朝廷政治への再復帰を目指していた。
• The samurai at the early stage who accomplished the distinguished achievements belonged to honorable blood lines and aimed at returning to the imperial government, based on their military art.

• また、寛永18年（1641年）に徳川家光の上洛に随行し、京都御室の仁和寺の造営奉行を務め、功績を挙げている。
• He accompanied Iemitsu TOKUGAWA's visit to Kyoto in 1641, and served as 'Zoei Buguyo' (Temple Administrator) of Kyoto Omuro Ninna-ji Temple, and rendered distinguished service there.

• 主に室町時代から戦国時代 (日本)にかけて守護大名、戦国大名が武功や功績ある家臣に対して授けた非公式な官名。
• Mainly over the Muromachi period and the Sengoku period (period of warring states), they were granted as an unofficial name of government post to vassals who had made military exploits and achievements by shugo daimyo (shugo were Japanese provincial military governors, that became daimyo, which were Japanese feudal lords) and daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) in the Sengoku period.

• ヨルダンの王で、本国の安定性を作った功績があるとされ、イスラエルとの平和を模索した（1935年−1999年）
• king of Jordan credited with creating stability at home and seeking peace with Israel (1935-1999)

• 外従五位下から従五位下に遷されたのは、天平宝字8年（764年）の藤原仲麻呂の乱鎮圧の功績によるものであった。
• He was promoted to Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) from Gejugoinoge (Jugoinoge granted to a local government official) in recognition of his great work for the suppression of the Rebellion of Fujiwara no Nakamaro, which occurred in 764.

• それまでの文化的な功績が評価され、1987年には芸術院賞を受賞し、1992年には文化功労者として表彰される。
• He received Award of the Japan Art Academy in 1987 and award as a Bunkakoro-sha (Person of Cultural Merits) in 1992 for the whole of his great achievement.

• 殊に郷土丹波では国道九号線老ノ坂並びに阪鶴道路の改修舗装等普く土木行政に尽くされた功績は枚挙に暇ありません』
• The construction of National Route 9 through the Oinosaka-toge Pass and the renovation of Hankaku Road in Tanba are two of the many projects he was involved in.

• またその倉庫も三井に売却し、神戸の湊川の改修工事をもなし、新開地を繁華街としたのも田中の功績の1つであった。
• He sold its warehouses to Mitsui, and carried out the repairing works of Minatogawa River in Kobe, and also changing Shinkaichi into downtown was one of TANAKA's great achievements.

• 孝利には嗣子が無く、一時は断絶されかけたが、且元の功績を考慮して弟の片桐為元が家督を継ぐことで存続を許された。
• Takatoshi did not have heirs, leading to temporary closure of the family heritage, but the family domain was restored with inheritance by Katsumoto's younger brother Tamemoto KATAGIRI, in honor of the great accomplishments of the late Katsumoto.

• - 倒幕・明治維新に尽力した藩士・諸士のうち、特に功績の大きかった3人、木戸孝允・西郷隆盛・大久保利通を指す。
• referst to Takayoshi KIDO, Takamori SAIGO, and Toshimichi OKUBO, the three men who made the greatest achievements of the feudal retainers of domain and shoshi who made contributions to the overthrowing of the Shogunate and the Meiji Restoration.

• また、オランダ商館長から贈られた、蝋製の人頭模型を基に、日本初の木造人頭模型の作成を指示したなどの功績が有る。
• One of his achievements included ordering the making of the Japan's first wooden dummy head based on a waxy dummy head presented from the curator of Dutch trading house.

• 元禄5年（1692年）には、南北朝時代 (日本)に湊川の戦いで戦死した楠木正成の功績を称え、同地に墓石を建立。
• In 1692 he built a gravestone in Minatogawa, commemorating the military exploits of Masashige KUSUNOKI who died in the Battle of Minatogawa during the period of the Northern and the Southern Courts.

• また第5代宇都宮頼綱（藤原頼綱）は武人で奥州藤原氏討伐にも功績があったが、鎌倉幕府から謀反の嫌疑をかけられた。
• The fifth family head, Yoritsuna UTSUNOMIYA (FUJIWARA no Yoritsuna) was a warrior who had a great achievement in the subjugation of the Oshu-Fujiwara clan, but he was suspected of rebellion by the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 弘仁7年6月15日（816年7月13日）、文継が嵯峨天皇に『史記』を進講した功績を称えて従五位下に叙せられた。
• On July 17, 816, Fumitugu was awarded Jugoinoge based on his achievement of giving a lecture to Emperor Saga about 'Shiki' (Chinese historical records).

• 頼房は尊氏と畿内で主に戦い、一時は尊氏方を破って入京するまでに至り、その功績から直義より引付頭人に任じられた。
• Yorifusa fought with Takauji mainly in the Kinai region and temporarily entered Kyoto by defeating Takauji, because of which achievement he was assigned Hikitsuke tonin (chairman of the court of justice) by Naoyoshi.

• 鳥居禅尼は源平の乱後、乱中の数々の功績によって、甥に当たる将軍源頼朝から恩賞を受け、鎌倉幕府の御家人になった。
• After the Battles between the Minamoto clan and the Taira clan, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, who was the Kamakura shogun and Torii zenni's nephew, rewarded Torii zenni for her contribution during the battles, and she became an immediate vassal of the Kamakura shogunate.

• 信長の家督相続と尾張統一に尽力し、弘治元年（1555年）の信長による清洲城攻めでは織田信友を討つ功績を挙げた。
• He worked tirelessly to ensure that Nobunaga would succeed to headship over the Oda clan, as well as to unify Owari province, and in 1555 earned special distinction by striking down Nobutomo ODA during Nobunaga's assault on Kiyosu-jo Castle.

• 宗円の功績の伝承で語られる「釜炒りから蒸し製へ」「茶葉を揉み乾かす工程」を宗円がはじめて導入したわけではない。
• Soen was not the first person to introduce a change 'from kamairicha to steaming method' and 'method to dry tea leaves by crumpling' as is said according to the lore on Soen's achievements.

• 後に岡島正義からはその功績を「後世史家我藩に旧説の伝はれる、大半斯人の賜なり」（『因府年表』）と称されている。
• Later on, his achievements were referred to as a 'great gift that should be handed down to later generations, including our domain and historians' (according to the 'Inpunenpyo' [Chronological Table of Tottori]) by Masayoshi OKAJIMA.

• 大村は戊辰戦争での功績により永世禄1500石を賜り、木戸孝允（桂小五郎）、大久保利通と並び新政府の幹部となった。
• Omura was rewarded for his performance in the Boshin War with a stipend for life of 1500 koku and, together with Takayoshi KIDO (later called Kogoro KATSURA) and Toshimichi OKUBO, became one of the leaders of the new government.

• その功績により、文禄4年（1595年）には、伊予国（愛媛県）正木（松前町 (愛媛県)）に6万石を与えられている。
• Afer this success, in 1595, he was given Masaki in the province of Iyo no Kuni (present day Masaki-cho, Ehime Prefecture) with an income of 60,000 koku.

• その一人である第13代藩主・植村家保は大坂近海の防衛や天誅組の乱鎮圧などで功績を挙げ、京都守備などでも活躍した。
• One of them, Iemori UEMURA, the 13th lord of the domain, rendered distinguished services in defense of the seas around Osaka, suppression of Tenchu-gumi Incident, etc., as well as serving as a guard in Kyoto.

• 1460年に失脚した義就に代わり幕府に帰参し、義就の追討に功績を挙げ、文正元年（1466年）には管領に就任する。
• Masanaga returned to the bakufu instead of Yoshinari, who lost power in 1460, made a great achievements in pursuing Yoshinari, and became kanrei in 1466.

• 生田検校は三味線（地歌）と箏を合奏させた功績が大きいと言われて来たが、これも実際には諸流派でも行なわれたらしい。
• Although Ikuta Kengyo is credited for performing the ensemble of shamisen (three-stringed Japanese banjo) (jiuta - traditional songs with shamisen accompaniment) and Soh, such performance seems to have been conducted by other schools as well.

• なお、血縁関係や功績などにより譜代に準ずる扱いを受けている外様大名について、便宜的に準譜代大名と呼ぶこともある。
• Incidentally, some tozama daimyo, who were the TOKUGAWA clan's blood relatives or persons of high achievement, were treated equivalently to fudai daimyo, and were also conveniently called jun-fudai daimyo (quasi fudai daimyo).

• 李敬業の姓は先祖の功績から李姓となっていたが、元来は徐姓であったので、それに戻し、徐敬業と則天武后は改めさせた。
• The family name of Ri Keigyo had originally been Jo and was then changed to Ri due to contributions of his ancestors, but Empress Sokuten had his name changed back to Jo Keigyo.

• この功績によって元禄11年（1708年）に従三位に昇り、正徳 (日本)4年（1714年）に従二位にまで昇進する。
• With this achievement, he was appointed to Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) in 1698 and promoted to Junii (Junior Second Rank) in 1714.

• 「大化の改新」の功績で不比等が藤原姓を賜り、父の中臣鎌足には不比等が自分の功績と藤原姓を後で贈ったと考えられる。
• It would appear that Fuhito, who was granted the name of Fujiwara due to his achievement in`the Taika Reforms,' later gave his father, NAKATOMI no Kamatari his achievements as well as the name of the Fujihara clan.

• 日清戦争、日露戦争で篤志看護師となった功績により昭和3年（1928年）、昭和天皇の即位大礼の際に銀杯を授与される。
• Yae rendered services by serving as a volunteer nurse during the Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War, and as a result, she was awarded a silver cup at the enthronement ceremony held on the occasion of the Emperor Showa's accession to the throne in 1928.

• 天福 (日本)元年（1233年）12月に上賀茂神社修造の功績によって民部大丞に任じられ、更に従五位下に叙せられる。
• In January 1234, he was appointed secretary of the Ministry of Popular Affairs and conferred Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade, in recognition for his services in maintenance of the Kamigamo shrine.

• 幕末から明治時代にかけての当主岩倉具視は、明治維新の功績によって太政大臣（首相）三条実美に次ぐ右大臣に任じられた。
• Thanks to his contribution to the Meiji Restoration, Tomomi IWAKURA, who headed the family during a transitional period from the end of the Edo period to the Meiji period, was appointed as Minister of the Right, the second highest position following Daijo-daijin (Grand Minister, today's equivalent of the prime minister) Sanetomi SANJO.

• 孝明天皇はその功績を讃え、嘉永4年（1851年）、和気清麻呂に護王大明神の神号と正一位という最高位の神階を授けた。
• The Emperor Komei praised her deeds and, in 1851, he granted the mausoleum of WAKE no Kiyomaro the shrine name 'Goo-jinja Shrine' and the highest possible rank of Shoichii (Senior First Rank).

• 6年後、その功績に報いるために内臣を鎌足の例に倣って内大臣と改め、正式に令外官として位置づけられた大臣職となった。
• In order to reward Yoshitsugu's service, Uchitsuomi was upgraded six years later to Naidaijin modeled after the case of Kamatari, and formally became the ministerial post as a Ryoge no kan.

• この功績によって防衛総督に任じられるも加勢を持ってしても多勢に無勢は明らかで、妻のトセが爆死し、会津若松城は落城。
• Although he was appointed as Governor General of Defense for this achievement, they were obviously outnumbered even with the reinforcements, so his wife was killed by an explosion, then Aizu Wakamatsu Casle fell to the enemy.

• 武将としては一流で、禅秀の乱をはじめ多くの功績を挙げている一方で、和歌や書にも秀でた才能を示した教養人でもあった。
• Norimasa was not only a top-rated busho (Japanese military commander), but also a man of culture who showed distinguished talent in waka and calligraphy.

• 8月には池田勝正とともに岩成友通を山城国淀城の戦いで滅ぼすという功績を挙げ、以後信長の武将として畿内各地を転戦した。
• In August, he and Katsumasa IKEDA dealt Tomomichi IWANARI a crushing defeat at the Battle of Yodo Castle in Yamashiro, and went on to fight a number of battles in the Kinai area as a general under Nobunaga.

• 天正18年（1590年）の小田原征伐では小田原城に入って北条氏政・北条氏直父子を説得し、無血開城させる功績を立てた。
• During the Odawara Campaign in 1590, Josui went inside Odawara-jo Castle to successfully persuade Ujimasa HOJO and his son Ujinao HOJO to a bloodless surrender.

• 現在埼玉県では渋沢の功績に因み、健全な企業活動と社会貢献を行っている全国の企業経営者に「渋沢栄一賞」を授与している。
• Due to the achievements of SHIBUSAWA, the Saitama Prefecture awards the 'Eichi SHIBUSAWA Award' to business owners who perform sound company activities and contribute to society.

• 1899年（明治32年）5月、渡米し、ハーバード大学から憲法制定等の功績により名誉法学博士号(L.L.D)を受ける。
• In May 1899, he visited the US and received an Honorary Doctor of Laws degree (LLD) from Harvard University for distinguished services, such as the establishment of the Constitution.

• このようなことを考えると、書道界における模刻の功績は決して軽くはなく、むしろその存在に負うところが多いことが分かる。
• From that standpoint, mokoku has made enormous contributions to the world of calligraphy and so much so that the calligraphy world owes much to the existence of mokoku.

• 主として宗家および分家にしかゆるされず、弟子家の場合には特に流儀に功績のある者もしくは名手の誉れ高い者にかぎられる。
• Only the head and the branch families are allowed to use the name, and in case of disciples using the name, it is limited to someone who has a successful career in style or is an honored master.

• なお、病気回復の時に関わった僧侶が玄ボウであり、橘諸兄の元で玄昉が権力を振るったのはこの功績によるものと考えられる。
• In addition, it was a Buddhist monk, Genbo who helped Miyako to recover from her illness, and it is believed that the reputation earned there paved a way for the bonze to have enormous power under the patronage of TACHIBANA no Moroe.

• 『三河後風土記』、『徳川歴代』の2書は，著者不詳で流行している偽書で，徳川家歴代の功績賛美のために作ったものである。
• Two books 'Mikawa Go Fudoki' (The Topographical Records of Mikawa Province) and 'Tokugawa rekidai' (chronicle of the successive generations of the Tokugawa house) are gisho that were in vogue with unknown authorship and they were written for the purpose of praising the achievements of successive Tokugawa shoguns.

• しかし鎌倉に逼塞していた尊氏が出馬するとこれに従い、義貞の軍を箱根・竹ノ下の戦いで大いに打ち破るという功績を挙げた。
• However, when Takauji, who had been hiding himself in Kamakura, raised an army, KO no Moroyasu followed him and thoroughly beat Yoshisada's force in the Battle of Hakone and Takenoshita, contributing to the victory of Takauji.

• 龍野藩脇坂氏は父の功績もあり正式な譜代大名となっていたが、安宅も襲封後、寺社奉行、京都所司代、老中と順当に昇役した。
• The Wakisaka clan of the Tatsuno Domain became an official fudai daimyo (a daimyo in hereditary vassalage to the Tokugawa family) with his father's achievements, but Yasuori was promoted normally, after inheriting his father's territories, to a jisha-bugyo (magistrate of temples and shrines), Kyoto shoshidai (The Kyoto deputy), and roju.

• また、備中や近江国における幕府の検地などにおいても、大いに功績を挙げ、1601年には、伏見城の作事奉行も務めている。
• Furthermore, he rendered remarkable services in surveying the land of bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in Bitchu and Omi Provinces; in 1601, he served as sakuji bugyo (commissioners of building) in the Fushimi-jo Castle.

• その功績を以って三男である頼季も信濃に封を得て、嫡男源満実とともに長久年間に高井郡井上（現長野県須坂市）に移住した。
• Because of the achievement, Yorisue, as the third son, also obtained a territory in Shinano and moved to Inoue in Takai county (present Suzaka City, Nagano Prefecture) with his legitimate son MINAMOTO no Mitsuzane during the period of Chokyu.

• 長年神職を務め、神道への功績の顕著な者が神職を引退した場合、後任宮司からの推薦に基づいて名誉宮司の称号が与えられる。
• In the event that the Guji, who had previously served for extended period and showed an outstanding achievement in Shinto, retires, he will be given a title as an honorary chief priest based on the recommendation of the next Guji.

• 叙位条例によると「凡ソ位ハ華族勅奏任官及国家ニ勲功アル者又ハ表彰スヘキ功績アル者ニ叙ス」（叙位条例第1条）とされた。
• The 'Joijorei' stipulated that 'Court rank is conferred on Peers, officials of the 'Choku nin' and 'So nin'ranks, persons who have rendered distinguished services to the State or persons of such merit as to warrant public notice.' (Article 1 of 'Joijorei')

• 明治時代に日本美術の普及啓蒙に功績のあったアメリカ人アーネスト・フェノロサが長く滞在し、その墓があることで知られる。
• It is known that there is a grave of Ernest Fenollosa, who was an American that was well known for spreading Japanese Art during his long stay in Japan in Meiji period.

• また四条家（維新時の功績）と中山家（明治天皇の外戚）は清華家には含まれないが、その功績が加味されて侯爵を与えられた。
• In addition, though Shijo family (due to their great achievement at the Restoration) and Nakayama family (maternal relatives of Emperor Meiji) were not included in Seiga family, they were granted the title of marquis.

• 中央で近衛府の武官として立ち、793年に陸奥国の蝦夷に対する戦争で大伴弟麻呂を補佐する副将軍の一人として功績を上げた。
• SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro came to notice as an officer in the Imperial Guards in Kyoto and achieved military success as one of the Vice Shoguns in OTOMO no Otomaro's army in the war against the Ezo people in Mutsu Province in 793.

• 保元の乱は清盛の属す天皇方の勝利に終わり、保元2年（1157年）正月、重盛はその功績により19歳で従五位上に昇叙した。
• The Emperor's side, to which Kiyomori belonged, won the Hogen War, and in January of 1157 Shigemori at the age of 19 was promoted to the Jugoinojo (Junior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade) rank for his outstanding performance.

• この功績から、文化 (元号)3年（1806年）には3,000石を加増され、1万3,000石の所領を領することとなった。
• Masaatsu was granted additional properties bearing 3,000 koku in 1806 by such great achievements, and came to possess shoryo (territory) bearing 13,000 koku.

• 三傑（さんけつ）とは、歴史上のある事柄や、同じ主君に仕えた家臣などのうち、特に功績が大きかった者を3人選んでいうこと。
• Sanketsu means three outstanding people chosen out of those who made the greatest achievements in historical incidents or in their services to their lords.

• 後を継いだ文聖王は即位後直ち（839年8月）に大赦を行うとともに、張保皐の功績を称えて鎮海将軍の官位と礼服とを授けた。
• Inherited King Munseong conducted amnesty straight after his enthronement (August, 839) and gave Bogo JANG the official rank of naval commander and formal attire for his great achievement.

• 国会議事堂にある大隈像は、中央広間1階に日本初の政党内閣を樹立した功績を称え、板垣退助、伊藤博文とともに飾られている。
• The statue of Okuma in the Diet Building was put on display along with those of Taisuke ITAGAKI and Hirobumi ITO in the central hall on the first floor in praise of the establishment of the first political party Cabinet in Japan.

• その功績から戦前には、明治大帝、明治聖帝、睦仁大帝（Mutsuhito the Great）とも呼ばれたこともあった。
• Due to his successful achievements, he was also called Meiji Taitei (Meiji the Great), Holy Emperor Meiji, Mutsuhito the Great before the War.

• これに対して河内祥輔は3ヵ条の回答の冒頭に京攻めについて神仏の功徳のみを述べて義仲の功績を全否定していることを挙げる。
• On the other hand, Shosuke KOUCHI points out that Yoritomo attributed the success of the attack to the imperial capital solely to pious act of gods and buddhas and totally negated the contribution of Yoshinaka in the beginning of the reply consisting of three articles.

• 中尊寺金色堂や厳島神社社殿の修復、古社寺文化財の調査、白漆の発明など、日本の漆工芸界の草分けとして大きな功績を残した。
• He has left great achievements, such as renovation of the Chusonji-konjikido temple and the Itsukushima-jinja shrine, research work on cultural properties of old temples and shrines, invention of white Japanese lacquer, etc. as one of the pioneers of the Japanese lacquer art.

• また維新時の功績などといった名目により、大藩の家老家のうちかなりの数が「国家に勲功ある者」として男爵を授けられている。
• Also, many families of karo (chief retainer of daimyo, Japanese territorial lord) of taihan (large scale domains) received the title of Baron as a reward for their outstanding contribution to the country during the Meiji Restoration.

• 一説には、関ヶ原の戦いで戸田勝成を討ったのは織田長孝の功績であったが、それを信成が横取りしたことを咎められたともいう。
• Another theory says that Nobunari took credit for killing Katsushige TODA, in the Battle of Sekigahara, who was actually killed by Nagataka ODA, and Ieyasu reproached Nobunari for that.

• この功績によって天文5年（1536年）には従二位、更に天文20年（1551年）にはこの家系では初めて正二位に昇進した。
• For such achievements, he was promoted to Junii (Junior Second Rank) in 1536, and then to Shonii (Senior Second Rank) in 1551 for the first time in this family line.

• その成果は着々と実り、1868年、永原村など11ヶ村の耕地実測や農事改良、稲種選抜などの功績で大和各藩から表彰された。
• He steadily achieved fruitful results, and he was officially commended from each domain of Yamato Province in 1868 for his great achievements, such as his agricultural land survey of 11 villages including Nagahara Village, his participation in the improvement of agricultural methods, and the successful production of new varieties of rice through the comparison and selection of various kinds of rice.

• 中間子論の提唱などで原子核・素粒子物理学の発展に大きな功績をあげ、1949年、日本人として初めてのノーベル賞を受賞した。
• Contributed to the development of nuclear and particle physics by advocating the meson theory, he became the first Japanese to win the Nobel Prize in 1949.

• 蜻蛉切は、忠勝が多くの功績を挙げた槍の号（あだ名）であり、その活躍により、この槍は「天下三名槍」の一つに数えられている。
• The nicknamed Tonbokiri was the spear with which Tadakatsu made many achievements, and its success made this spear one of 'the best three spears in Japan.'

• 6代将軍足利義教の頃には永享の乱で鎌倉府が衰亡し、信満の子の武田信重の代に結城合戦で功績を挙げ再興のきっかけをつかんだ。
• When the power of Kamakurafu eroded as the result of the Eikyo Disturbance in the era of sixth shogun Yoshinori ASHIKAGA, Nobumitsu's son Nobushige TAKEDA achieved distinguished war service in the Battle of Yuki and seized the opportunity to restore the clan.

• 良源は、比叡山の伽藍の復興、天台教学の興隆、山内の規律の維持など、さまざまな功績から、延暦寺中興の祖として尊ばれている。
• Ryogen is revered as the person who rendered the most meritorious service for the restoration of Enryaku-ji Temple thanks to his various achievements, including the reconstruction of Mt. Hiei's garan, the rise of Tendai Doctrinal Studies and the maintenance of discipline in the precinct.

• この功績によって山名氏は、備後国・安芸国・石見国・備前国・美作国・播磨国などの守護職を与えられ、再び全盛期を築き上げた。
• By this great achievement, the Yamana clan was given shugoshiki (post of provincial constable) in the provinces of Bingo, Aki, Iwami, Bizen, Mimasaka, Harima, etc., and regained their glory.

• 両乱の鎮圧に挙げた国司や軍事・富豪（田堵負名）層の功績は非常に高かったが、彼らに対する恩賞は十分なものとは言えなかった。
• In suppressing these insurgencies, kokushi, military, the rich and powerful class (Tato fumyo [powerful cultivator who managed farm operations and collected tax] class) provided outstanding service which, however, was not sufficiently rewarded.

• 承久3年（1221年）6月、 承久の乱が起きたが、頼綱は鎌倉留守居を務め、その功績から戦後、伊予国の守護職を与えられた。
• In July, 1221, the Jokyu War occurred but Yoritsuna served as Kamakura rusui (a caretaker or keeper in the Kamakura government office) and because of this service he was granted the post of shugoshiki (post of provincial constable) of the Iyo Province after the war.

• 一つは「偉勲」がなくとも華族たる資格を持っていた家のうち、功績が加味されて本来よりも高い爵位を与えられたグループである。
• One group consists of those who were qualified to be given a peerage, but received a higher title than they should have been given, due to their great service being taken into account, although they did not make distinguished achievements.

• 阿倍普勢臣御主人がこのときの功績で100戸の封戸を与えられたことが、『続日本紀』大宝元年（701年）7月21日条にある。
• According to the entry for July 21, 701 in 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued), ABE no FUSE Omi Miushi received 100 fuko (vassal households allotted to courtier, shrines and temples) for his deed of valor in the war.

• 時忠は八尺瓊勾玉八咫鏡を守った功績により減刑を願い（『玉葉』5月3日条）、娘を源義経に嫁がせることで庇護を得ようとした。
• Tokitada asked for mitigation of punishment by reason of his merits of protecting Yasakani no magatama (comma-shaped jewel) and Yata no Kagami (Article for June 9 in 'Gyokuyo') and tried to obtain protection by making his daughter marry Yoshitsune.

• また、地下家には、在野の者が何らかの功績が認められて官位を与えられ、新家として新たに地下の身分を与えられるものも多かった。
• In addition, there were many Jige-ke families who had originally been outside the circles of power, but were promoted out of recognition for their contributions and newly given the status of Jige as new families.

• その後は新田氏や宇都宮氏、小山氏の反乱、関東地方の一揆などを鎮圧し、その功績により義満から陸奥国や出羽国の統治も任された。
• After that, he suppressed the rebellions of the Utsunomiya clan and the Oyama clan and a riot in the Kanto region amongst others and then was put in charge of governing Mutsu Province and Dewa Province by Yoshimitsu in recognition of his distinguished service.

• 特に幕末の尊皇攘夷や明治維新で功績を挙げながら亡くなった者、または南北朝時代の南朝方の公卿や武将への贈位も盛んに行われた。
• It was frequently carried out especially for those who died while rendering great achievements during Sonno Joi (19th century slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners) that took place at the end of Edo period and the Meiji Restoration, or to those court nobles and warlords of the Southern court during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.

• 関ヶ原の戦いにおいて徳川家からその功績を認められた有馬豊氏は、横須賀藩から石高を増やしたうえで福知山へと国替を命ぜられた。
• Toyouji ARIMA whose achievement in the Battle of Sekigahara was recognized by the Tokugawa family was given an increased yield and ordered to move to Fukuchiyama from the Yokosuka clan.

• 戦後、大伴連御行が功績により100戸の封戸を与えられたことが、『続日本紀』大宝元年（701年）7月21日条により知られる。
• According to the article about July 21of the first year of the Taiho era (September 2, 701) of 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued), OTOMO no Muraji Miyuki was given a salary of 100 fuko (equal to 100 taxed families) for his achievement in the war.

• 戦後、その功績により伊予松山20万石に加増移封され、松山城 (伊予国)を建築するが、完成する前に会津藩40万石に転封された。
• Due to these achievements, the income from Iyo Matsuyama was increased to 200,000 koku, and work was begun on building Matsuyama Castle (Iyo no Kuni (Iyo Province)) but, before it could be completed, he was moved to the 400,000 koku Aizu Domain.

• 憲実は儒学に志篤く、1432年以降には足利学校の再興に関与し、五経など書籍の寄進を行うなど文化事業に大きな功績を残している。
• Norizane had high motive for Confucianism, and since 1432, he had been involved in the reestablishment of Ashikaga School, and he also made a great achievement for cultural projects such as donating books including the Five Classics texts of Confucianism.

• 後醍醐天皇の帰依を受けて嘉暦元年（1326年）京都法勝寺の勧進職となり同寺の再興に務め、その功績によってそのまま住持となる。
• The devotion of Emperor Godaigo led to him being appointed Kanjin (position in charge of collecting donations for the temple) of Hossho-ji Temple in Kyoto in 1326 which he worked to restore and was allowed to reside in as reward for his success.

• その中の1人、6代・吉兵衛は奥村家の功績をまとめるために調査を重ね、家系図はもちろん、歴代の表具作成の記録などを文書化する。
• The sixth Kichibe, one of the adopted sons-in-law, conducted investigations in order to compile the achievements of the Okumura family, making a record of mounting done by past generations as well as a family tree.

• 57歳の時に蝦夷地測量の功績によって江戸幕府から改めて苗字帯刀の許可を得て佐原以外でも「伊能」姓を名乗ることが許されている。
• At the age of fifty-seven, he was provided with the myojitaito right by the Edo bakufu due to his accomplishments of geographical measuring of the Ezo area, and it was after this that he became able to use the family name of 'INO' outside Sawara as well.

• これらの功績から、豊臣秀吉の死の直前の慶長3年（1598年）、越前国北ノ庄18万石から越後国春日山30万石へ加増移封された。
• Based on these achievements, he was awarded a fief of 300,000 koku of rice at Kasugayama of Echigo Province (Niigata Prefecture), transferring and being promoted from the previous fief of 180,000 koku at Kitanosho in Echizen Province (eastern part of Fukui Prefecture).

• ――ところが、老人は明かに、彼の息子が、僕のしたつまらない一つか二つの功績の話を、誇張して話しているんだとでも思ったのだね。
• The old man evidently thought that his son was exaggerating in his description of one or two trivial feats which I had performed.

• ただ、宇治を中心とする茶業者や地元では宗円の功績を顕彰する気持ちが強いため、こうした研究成果を受け入れたがらない傾向がある。
• Most people involved in the tea business in Uji, as well as people in the region tend to refuse to accept the results of such research, due to their strong wish to publicly honor Soen's achievements.

• 同年、9月には石山本願寺との間に起こった春日井堤の戦いで春日井堤を退却する味方の中でひとり踏みとどまって敵を倒す功績を上げる。
• In October of the same year, in the Battle of the Kasugai-zutsumi which broke out between Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple and the Oda clan, while most warriors of his side were retreating from the Kasugai-zutsumi Bank, only Toshiie remained there and made a great achievement of killing the enemies.

• 康保元年9月15日 (旧暦)（964年）の勧学会に参加、長徳元年（995年）に内供としての功績が評価されて権律師に任ぜられる。
• He participated Kangakukai (study session) on October 27, 964, and was appointed Gon no Risshi (a provisional rank in the lowest managerial position) in 995, after being recognized his achievements as naigu (a priest serving at the Imperial Court).

• このほか仙台藩白石城や熊本藩八代城など大名の家臣でも特に幕府に対して功績があった者の子孫の居城は例外的に廃城の対象外とされた。
• Additionally, castles such as Shiraishi-jo Castle in the Sendai Domain and Yatsushiro-jo Castle in the Kumamoto Domain owned by the descendants of those who particularly contributed to the bakufu among vassals of feudal lords were exception to disposal of castle.

• しかしながら、その後も朝廷に功績が有った氏族には朝臣の姓を下賜していき、奈良時代にはほとんどの氏が朝臣の姓を持つようになった。
• Later, however, as the clans who contributed to the Imperial Court were granted the kabane of Asomi, most clans in the Nara period had the kabane of Asomi.

• 天正18年（1590年）の仙北一揆においては豊臣秀吉の命令を受けて平鹿郡大森城に在城し、大谷吉継と共にその鎮圧に功績を挙げた。
• When an uprising took place in Senboku in 1590, he was stationed at Omori-jo Castle in Hiraka County by order of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, whereby together with Yoshitsugu OTANI, he contributed to the suppression of the uprising.

• しかし、義光の子孫が、武田氏、佐竹氏、小笠原氏、南部氏と発展していったことを考えると一族の繁栄に対する義光の功績は偉大である。
• On the other hand, since Yoshimitsu's descendants--which include the Takeda, Satake, Ogasawara, and Nanbu clans--ended up flourishing, Yoshimitsu's contributions to the family's prosperity could actually be seen as quite significant.

• 明治10年（1877年）の西南戦争では盟友でもあった谷干城の救出に活躍しこの功績で明治13年（1880年）には大佐に昇格した。
• In 1877, he showed great performance in the rescue of Tateki TANI who was also one of his sworn allies in Seinan War, and he was promoted to Colonel for this achievement in 1880.

• 政治的要職としては司法大輔・貴族院 (日本)位であったが、日本の近代法導入の功績に関しては江藤新平と並んで高く評価されている。
• His politically important posts to be mentioned were only Shiho-taifu (a post of Ministry of Justice) and a membership of the House of Peers, but he is appreciated as highly as Shinpei ETO in the introduction of the modern law.

• 『西洋史講話』や『仏蘭西大革命史』、『ナポレオン時代史』などを著しながら、西洋史研究の重要性を歴史学界に認めさせた功績は大きい。
• Writing books such as 'Seiyoshi Kowa' (A Lecture on Western World History), 'Furansu Daikakumeishi' (History of the Great French Revolution)' and 'Naporeon Jidaishi' (History of Napoleon Era), Mitsukuri made a remarkable contribution to the community of historians to let them recognize the significance of the study of Western world history.

• 但し、後世において、功績のあった塩谷氏の一族の者に当主の地位を追贈した可能性もあるので、完全に架空の存在であるとも言い切れない。
• However, in subsequent years there was the possibility of giving the rank of family head to the members of the SHIONOYA clan family who rendered distinguished service, and therefore it's impossible to say they were completely fictitious characters.

• 明治以降、皇室の祖先神・天皇や大和平定に功績のある特定の神が祭神である神社のいくつかについて、社号の「神社」を「神宮」に改めた。
• After the end of the Meiji period, some shrines enshrining the ancestral gods of the imperial household, emperors or specific gods that conducted great deeds during the conquer of Yamato changed their titles from 'jinja' to 'jingu.'

• この新しい段階を指し示したのは、1900年頃、閑散としたパリの街並みを撮影したアジェによる素晴らしく、他と比べようもない功績だ。
• To have pinpointed this new stage constitutes the incomparable significance of Atget, who, around 1900, took photographs of deserted Paris streets.

• 美濃国岐阜城攻めや関ヶ原本戦で後ろ備を務めた功績により、家康から戦後、遠江国横須賀3万石から丹波国福知山藩6万石に加増移封された。
• As the result of his achievements as the second reserve in an attack on Gifu-jo Castle in Mino Province and the final battle of Sekigahara, he was granted by Ieyasu a shift of the territory with additional properties from Yokosuka in Totomi Province of 30,000 goku of crop yield to Fukuchiyama Domain in Tango Province of 60,000 goku.

• 嘉暦元年（1326年）、後醍醐天皇の命を受けた円観（恵鎮）が再び勧進職となり同寺の再興に務め、その功績によってそのまま住持となる。
• Enkan (Echin) worked to restore the temple after he was made a chief supervisor in 1326 under the order of Emperor Godaigo, and was rewarded by being appointed chief priest.

• また日本国内に留まらず、1970年代の香港でも何作もアイドル映画の監督を務めており、東南アジアの映画や芸能の発展にも功績を残した。
• His work was not limited to Japan, and he also directed several idol films in Hong Kong during the 1970s, and contributing to the development of the film and performing arts industries in Southeast Asia.

• 翌元久元年（1204年）4月、朝雅はその鎮圧に成功し、その功績により伊賀・伊勢の守護職に任じられる（三日平氏の乱 (鎌倉時代)）。
• In May 1204, Tomomasa suppressed the rebellion, and was appointed to the shugo of Iga and Ise Provinces for his achievement (Three Days War of the Taira Clan: Kamakura period).

• その功績により、後醍醐天皇から厚い信任を受けて北畠顕家が多賀城に入ると、諸郡奉行に任じられて共に奥州方面の統治を任されるに至った。
• When Akiie KITABATAKE won the strong trust of Emperor Godaigo and was permitted to live in Taga-jo Castle due to his performance on the battlefield, Munehiro was appointed to district magistrate and also the ruler of the Oshu area.

• 明治六大教育家（めいじろくだいきょういくか）は、明治期に近代教育を普及するに当たって功績の大きかった6人を特別にまとめて称した称号。
• The term 'the six great educators in the Meiji period' refers to a special, collective title of six great educators who contributed a great deal to promoting the modern education in the Meiji period.

• 天平宝字元年（757年）12月9日に、太政官は星川麻呂の功田4町の扱いを定めるために彼の功績を論じて中功とし、2世に伝えると定めた。
• On January 26, 758, Daijokan (Grand Council of State) specified that HOSHIKAWA no Maro had produced the achievements of Chuko (3rd level of 4 level of inheritance rights of Koden) and his Koden (rice fields given to vassals or their families for their achievements) should be inherited by two generations, to define his Koden 4-cho (39672 square meters).

• 平清盛の側近として仕え、保元元年（1156年）の保元の乱・平治元年（1159年）の平治の乱では、一門衆の要として多くの功績を挙げた。
• He served as a close adviser of TAIRA no Kiyomori; during the Hogen War in 1156 and the Heiji War in 1159, he made many achievements as the core of Ichimonshu (clansman).

• シーボルトも治す事ができなかった眼病を手術によって治療した功績を持ちながらも、普一に関する資料は少なく、謎が多い医者の一人でもある。
• Although he had a great achievement in curing eye disease by the operation which was the case Siebold couldn't heal, there are few materials concerning Shinichi and he is one of the mysterious doctors.

• 日光東照宮に立て籠もる大鳥圭介ら旧幕臣達を説得し、また強硬に破壊を主張する薩摩藩を説得して日光山を戦火から守った功績によるものである
• This statue commemorates Itagaki's contributions in saving the Nikko-zan Mountains from the fires of war by persuading the former retainers of the shogun, including Keisuke OTORI, who were holed up in Nikko Tosho-gu Shrine, and persuading the Satsuma Domain who had vehemently insisted on destruction.

• 恭順謹慎・江戸無血開城などにより、無血革命に近い状態で政権移譲できた事から近代日本の独立性が守られ、維新への功績は大きいと評価された。
• Because of his compliance with the disciplinary confinement and the Bloodless Transfer of Edo-jo Castle, the administrative power was transferred as a result of almost a bloodless revolution; he contributed greatly to the Restoration and ensuring of independency of modern Japan.

• 実作上では「万葉集」尊重、風情重視の立場をとり、藤原定家(俊成の子)らと対立したが、むしろ六条藤原家歌学の大成者としての功績が大きい。
• He treated 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) with respect, considering refined elegance important, and therefore he was in conflict with FUJIWARA no Teika (the son of Toshinari), but he accomplished great achievements in the study of poetry of the Rokujo-Fujiwara family.

• 長和は当初は佐幕派であったが、次第に新政府側に傾いてゆき、明治天皇が東京へ行幸するときには天皇の奉送や京都守衛などで功績を挙げている。
• Nagakazu who was on Sabaku-ha (supporters of the Shogun) at the beginning gradually leant toward the new government side, and when Emperor Meiji visited Tokyo, he rendered distinguished service in sending off the Emperor and in guarding Kyoto.

• 天正7年（1579年）に波多野秀治が討たれて丹波が織田領になると、その功績により光秀は信長より近江国坂本城と丹波1国の領有を許された。
• When Mitsuhide defeated Hideharu HATANO in 1579 and Tanba was ceded to Nobunaga ODA, Nobunaga gave him Sakamoto-jo Castle in Omi Province and the whole of Tanba Province for his military achievement.

• 江戸時代には上述の「伊賀越え」の功績を認められ、一般に服部半蔵として知られる正成のもとに伊賀組同心として江戸幕府に召し抱えられている。
• In Edo period, the achievement of 'Igagoe' mentioned above was appreciated, and they were employed by Edo bakufu as Igagumi doshin (a police constable) under Masanari who is generally known as Hanzo Hattori.

• 今日では主に国会議員、都道府県知事経験者や学者などで勲二等の叙勲を受けた者と同等の功績を挙げた者が死後に叙位されることが一般的である。
• Today, it is commonly granted posthumously to persons who made similar achievements as former Diet members, prefectural governors, or scholars who received conferment of the Kunnito (Order of Second Class).

• 戊辰戦争の緒戦である鳥羽伏見の戦いでは、自ら兵を率いて幕府軍を撃退するなど多大な功績をあげ、1869年、賞典禄1000石を授けられた。
• In the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, whereby the Boshin War started, Tomozane made great achievements by leading an army himself and defeating the bakufu army, and in 1869, was awarded shotenroku (a premium) of 1,000 koku (approximately 180 cubic meters of rice).

• 日祐は後に名僧として名を残して中山門流を確立した功績は、今日でも高く評価されているところであり日高の弟子を見る目は確かなものであった。
• Nichiyu is known as a distinguished priest due to his achievement of establishing the Nakayama-monryu school, which is still highly estimated today, thus proving that Nichiko had a sharp eye for his pupils.

• 浅井と朝倉の挟み撃ちという絶体絶命の危機であったが、池田勝正や明智光秀と共に秀吉は殿 (軍事用語)を務め功績をあげた（金ヶ崎の退き口）。
• Although it was a desperate struggle of pincer operation by AZAI and ASAKURA, Hideyoshi brought up the rear successfully with Katsumasa IKEDA and Mitsuhide AKECHI (Kanegasaki no nokikuchi) and made a good contribution.

• 賤ヶ岳の戦いでは、抜群の功績を上げた正則、清正に加え加藤嘉明、脇坂安治、平野長泰、糟屋武則、片桐且元らが賤ヶ岳の七本槍として数えられる。
• At the battle of Shizugadake, Yoshiaki KATO, Yasuharu WAKISAKA, Nagayasu HIRANO, Takenori KASUYA and Katsumoto KATAGIRI, in addition to Masanori and Kiyomasa who made an extraordinary contribution, are pointed at as 'Nanahonyari (seven lancers) of Shizugadake'.

• 後白河は平氏追討の功績について、第一を頼朝、第二を義仲とするなど義仲を低く評価し（『玉葉』7月30日条）、頼朝の上洛に期待をかけていた。
• With respect to the task of suppressing the Taira clan, Goshirakawa viewed Yoritomo was the primary agent, and Yoshinaka as secondary; Goshirakawa did have a very high opinion of Yoshinaka (see the entry for July 30 in the 'Gyokuyo'), and had placed his hopes on Yoritomo coming to Kyoto.

• 明治の歴史学者田口卯吉は、元寇回避の功績を執権の時宗に帰する評価を批判し、年齢や人脈などの点から日蒙交渉は政村が主導していたと主張する。
• Ukichi TAGUCHI, a historian in the Meiji period, criticized the reputation that the achievement of avoiding Mongol invasion had attributed to the regent, Tokimune, and insisted that Masamura had took the initiative in the negotiation between Japan and Mongolia, from the viewpoints of age, human network and so on.

• 当時、細川家は一族全てで9ヶ国の守護であったのに対し、山名氏は赤松氏を嘉吉の乱で滅ぼした功績から旧赤松領を併せて8ヶ国の守護になっていた。
• Initially, the entire Hosokawa family was in charge of nine provinces and the Yamana clan was in charge of eight (including the former Akamatsu territories), since the Yamana clan was recognized for the achievement of defeating the Akamatsu clan in the Kakitsu Incident.

• 第5代藩主・遠藤胤統（若年寄）の代である嘉永5年（1852年）12月25日、江戸城西の丸造営の功績を賞されて、2,000石の加増を受けた。
• On February 3, 1853, the fifth lord of the domain Tanenori ENDO (wakadoshiyori) received additional 2,000 koku crop yields in appreciation of his achievement in constructing a castle compound to the west of the main compound of Edo-jo Castle.

• 永正4年（1507年）に主君の細川政元が暗殺されると、その養子である細川高国の家臣となり、政元を殺した叔父の薬師寺長忠討伐で功績を挙げた。
• After his lord, Masamoto HOSOKAWA was assassinated in 1507, he served Masamoto's adopted son, Takakuni HOSOKAWA as a vassal, and distinguished himself by killing his uncle Tadanaga YAKUSHIJI for murdering Masamoto.

• 稲荷山古墳から出土した金錯銘鉄剣にはワカタケル（雄略天皇）に仕えた功績を記念して471年に作ったとの由来が115文字の漢字で刻まれている。
• The iron sword with a gold inscription excavated from Inariyama tumulus was made in 471 for commemorating the achievement working for Wakatakeru (Emperor Yuryaku) with 115 Chinese characters.

• 読史余論の中で、政治面での功績には一定の評価を与えつつも、頼朝の行動は朝廷を軽んじ己を利するものであるとし、総じて否定的な評価をしている。
• In Tokushi Yoron (Lessons from History), Hakuseki ARAI appraised Yoritomo's political side, and negatively evaluated Yoritomo's actions that benefited him personally while paying little respect to the Imperial Court.

• 1336年、足利尊氏が京都に攻め入って同地を一時、支配下に置くと顕家と共に軍を率いて足利軍を攻め、朝廷軍の京都奪還で大いなる功績を挙げた。
• In 1336, when Takauji ASHIKAGA invaded Kyoto and temporarily seized the area, Munehiro together with Akiie led an army to attack the Ashikaga force to let the Imperial Army troops recapture Kyoto, resulting in distinguished performance.

• 天智天皇5年（666年）には病気になった子麻呂を中大兄皇子が見舞いに来て、子麻呂の功績を誉め称え、病床にあった子麻呂は嘆き悲しんだという。
• In 666 when Naka no Oe no Oji visited Komaro who was ill in bed, Naka no Oe no Oji praised Komaro's achievements, which made Komaro cry.

• 現在は功績のある物故者に位階が発令されており、公務員として功績のある者や芸能・文化活動、学術研究に功績のある大学教授などが叙せられている。
• Currently, the court rank is issued to the deceased who made achievements, and is granted to government workers who made achievements, university professors with achievements in performing arts, cultural activities, academic research, etc.

• 後に東大寺盧舎那仏像建立の功績により、天平勝宝3年(751年)　に少僧都となり、天平勝宝8歳(756年)には鑑真とともに大僧都に任じられる。
• Due to his contribution to the set-up of the statue of Birushana Buddha at Todai-ji Temple, Roben was appointed as Shosozu (junior secondary prelate) in 751 and promoted to Daisozu (the upper Buddhist priests in the second highest position) in 756 while Ganzin was also appointed as Daisozu in that time.

• 古代中国の前漢時代には、妃の実家の問題を理由に、外戚（呂氏）一族討伐における多大な功績にもかかわらず立太子・即位できなかった皇子も存在する。
• In the Former Han dynasty of ancient China, there was a prince who could not receive investiture of the crown prince or ascend the throne due to the troubles at his wife's parents' home, despite his distinguished service in defeating maternal relatives (Lu shi).

• 鎌倉幕府において、源氏一門は、血統や功績等により源姓を称することが許される御門葉と、源姓を称することが適わず、名字を称するものに区別された。
• In Kamakura bakufu, the Minamoto family was divided into two types: gomonyo (a family with honorary status) who were allowed to use the family name Minamoto depending on their blood line or achievements; and families who were not permitted to call themselves Minamoto and used myoji (family name).

• 1132年（長承元年）以前に威儀師となり、1165年（永万元年）の役務停止となるまで東大寺が所有する荘園の拡大や東大寺の再興に功績を上げた。
• He became an igishi prior to 1132, and between then and his retirement in 1165 he expanded the grounds of Todai-ji Temple and reinvigorated Todai-ji Temple.

• 文禄3年（1594年）には秀吉の命令で始まった伏見城築城工事においても功績を挙げたため、7000石を加増され、5万7000石の大名となった。
• In 1594, he was granted an additional 7000 koku and became a daimyo with a total of 57,000 koku of rice because he also achieved constructing Fushimi-jo Castle which was started by order of Hideyoshi.

• こうした功績が認められ、延宝6年（1678年）、了翁には天台宗、真言宗、禅宗の兼学の法印が、上州の長楽寺 (太田市)において授けられている。
• These great achievements were recognized and in 1678, he received the Hoin (the highest rank in the hierarchy of the Buddhist priesthood) position for the concurrent study of the three sects, the Tendai Sect, the Shingon Sect, and the Zen Sect, at the Choraku-ji Temple (Ota City) in the Joshu region.

• 大宝 (日本)元年（701年）に黄文造大伴の壬申の乱での功績が中第と評価され、前に与えられた100戸の4分の1を子に伝えることが定められた。
• In 701, his great achievement during the Jinshin War was appreciated as 中第, he was allowed to leave a quarter out of 100 previously awarded households to his child.

• 土岐頼貞は南北朝時代 (日本)では北朝 (日本)について室町幕府から美濃守護職に任じられ、足利尊氏を助けて功績が大きく幕府創業の功臣となった。
• Yorisada TOKI took sides with the Northern Court during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts of Japan, and was appointed as Mino shugoshiki (military governor of Mino Province) by the Muromachi bakufu for helping Takauji ASHIKAGA; after that, he became one of the meritorious vassals for his great achievement when the bakufu was established.

• しかし女忍者が女中になりすまし城に潜入したという記述も残っており、女中達の「女の噂好き」を利用した諜報活動でかなりの功績をあげていたとされる。
• However, there is a description that a female ninja snaked into the castle masquerading as a housemaid and it is considered that she used 'women's gossip' for the intelligence activity and created considerable performance.

• そのため戦場での功績は少なかったものの、五奉行の一人で文吏として政権中枢で権力を振るっていた石田三成らに対し、不満を持つようになったのである。
• Because of this, they had complaints about people like Mitsunari ISHIDA who did not make many contributions in the battle fields but became one of the Gobugyo (five major magistrates) and seized power as a civil servant.

• 明治維新後、岩松氏、由良氏ともに新田姓に復し新田氏嫡流をめぐって争い、岩松氏が新政府から新田勤皇党の功績を認められて嫡流とされ男爵に叙された。
• After the Meiji Restoration, both the Iwamatsu clan and the Yura clan returned to a family name of Nitta, and competed over the main branch of the Nitta clan, then the Iwamatsu clan was recognized its achievement of Nitta kinnoto (loyalist clique of Nitta) by the new government, and was regarded as the main branch and conferred a title of baron.

• 宝亀元年（770年）称徳天皇（孝謙上皇が重祚）が崩御すると、道鏡の姦計を告げて、その排斥に功績があり、正四位下に進み、陸奥国鎮守将軍となった。
• When the Empress Shotoku (which name the Empress Koken doubly used for herself) died in 770, Karitamaro reported a scandalous plan of Dokyo (a Buddhism priest deeply concerned the politics) and performed an exploit of expelling Dokyo and, therefore, Karitamaro was promoted to Shoshiinoge (Senior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) and was appointed as Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of Mutsu Province.

• さらに玉松は、早晩幕府との交戦があることを予想し、官軍の士気を鼓舞するための錦の御旗のデザインを考案するなど、その功績小ならざるものがあった。
• Furthermore, he made less than small achivements including that he predicted a war would occur between the bakufu (shogunate) and the imperial government sooner or later, and developed a flag design of the Imperial standard (made of gold brocade) in order to encourage the fighting spirit of the imperial army.

• 後年西久保少佐の功績を称え在樺太の西久保神社・追分神社・女麗神社及び樺太護国神社にて祀られ、また少佐の占領したダリネエーを西久保村と名付けた。
• Later, for his achievements, he was enshrined in Nishikubo-jinja Shrine, Oiwake-jinja Shrine, Merei-jinaja Shrine and Karafuto Gokoku-jinja Shrine in Karafuto, and Dariene which Major had occupied was named Nishikubo Village.

• その功績により、四職の一人となって幕政に参与したが、6代将軍足利義教の代になると、供奉を放棄するなど次第に対立し、一時は幕政から遠ざけられた。
• For those achievements, he was appointed one of Shisiki (director generals of Samurai-dokoro) and participated in the government of the shogunate, however, in the period of the sixth shogun Yoshinori ASHIKAGA, he gradually became opposed to the shogunate as he refused gubu (to attend shogun at events), and was even kept away from the government for some period.

• 東　常縁は、古今伝授の祖として注目されるが、当時の歌壇の指導者であったわけではなく、むしろ二条派歌学の正説を伝えた歌学者としての功績が大きい。
• Tsuneyori TO is seen as the forefather of Kokin Denju; however, he did not teach poetry, but disseminated the orthodox teachings of the Nijo sect waka poetry.

• その後は秀吉に積極的に協力し、天正13年（1585年）の四国征伐では伊予国の河野通直を破るなどの功績を挙げ、戦後に秀吉から伊予一国を与えられた。
• Since then, Takakage actively cooperated with Hideyoshi, defeated Michinao KONO of the Iyo Province and rendered other great services in the Conquest of Shikoku in 1585, and was granted the Iyo Province by Hideyoshi after the conquest.

• しかしなかには能力と功績が認められると正規の幕臣として取り立てられ、武家として称氏（氏姓、苗字を名乗ること）・帯刀・世襲が許される場合もあった。
• Some of these hirees, however, did earn recognition for their abilities and achievements, and were promoted to the status of full retainers and granted family names, allowed to carry swords, and given hereditary rights to their status.

• 慶長19年（1614年）からの大坂の陣でも功績を挙げて、元和2年（1616年）に常陸国筑波・河内両郡に6200石を加増され、谷田部藩を立藩した。
• Okimoto also showed outstanding performance in the Osaka no Jin (The Siege of Osaka) which started in 1614, and as a result, he received an additional 6,200 goku crop yields in both Tsukuba and Kawachi Counties in Hitachi Province, leading him to establish Yatabe Domain.

• 文禄元年（1592年）の朝鮮出兵では肥前名護屋城に在陣し、文禄3年（1594年）には伏見城工事で功績を挙げたため、美濃国内に1万石を与えられた。
• When the Japanese troops were sent to Korea for invasion in 1592, Moritomo stayed at Nagoya-jo Castle in Hizen Province, and in 1594, he made a great achievement in the construction work of Fushimi-jo Castle, which won him 10,000 koku in Mino Province.

• この功績により、仁平2年（1153年）に刑部卿となり、久寿元年（1154年）には右中弁、同3年（保元元年/1156年）に蔵人頭を兼ねた（頭弁）。
• For this achievement, he was appointed to Gyobukyo (Minister of Justice) in 1153, to Uchuben (middle controller of the right) in 1154, and to Kurodo no to (head chamberlain) additionally becoming To no ben (the chief of officials of the dajokan) in 1156.

• 時忠は神鏡を守った功績により死罪一等を減じられたとされるが（『吾妻鏡』5月16日条）、武士ではなく文官であり死刑が予定されていたかは疑問である。
• Although it is said that punishment against Tokitada was reduced by one rank from death because of his merits of having protected the sacred mirror (Article in June 22 for 'Azuma Kagami'), it is questionable if the death sentence was really intended, because Tokitada was not a samurai but a civilian.

• ところが今西家の先祖は武家出身であって、その上、一向宗の騒動には相当功績のあった人で、その功績が買われて現位置に建てられたことが伝えられている。
• The ancestor of the Imanishi family, however, was originally of the samurai class in addition to making a major contribution during the incidence of the Ikkoshu sect whereby it has been said that this house was built at the present location in recognition of his achievements.

• 武官としての功績を積んだ後は、他の諸大夫階層の技能官人層に属する中下級貴族が家業の功績を積んだのと同様に、受領として諸国へ赴任する例が多かった。
• Just like lower to middle-class aristocrats who were technical officers of the shodaifu class accumulating their achievements, after accumulating achievements as military officers, military aristocrats were often transferred to various provinces as zuryo.

• 永世禄（えいせいろく）とは、明治初期において王政復古 (日本)及び戊辰戦争に功績のあった者に恩賞として与えられた賞典禄の内、最も上位に属するもの。
• Eiseiroku (a type of premium) was the highest ranked Shotenroku (premium) in early Meiji era, which was awarded to ones with merits for their contribution to the Boshin War and the Restoration of Imperial Rule.

• 一方では藤原氏の政権掌握の功績は記述したいが、他方では皇権簒奪の事実は隠匿したいという欲求から生まれた年代・背景を改竄した記事であると考えられる。
• The article was intended to describe the Fujiwara clan's achievements on gaining political power while it was intended to keep the fact of the seizure of power secret, which led to the falsification of the year and the background.

• 我侭三昧やっておいて「私は職責を果たしている」と言い切れるものでは無く、朝倉攻めの際の弁明は過去の功績に胡座をかいた上での驕りと断じざるを得ない。
• With all Nobumori's selfish behaviors, he would not have been able to say, 'I'm doing my duty,' and his excuses for the attack against Asakura were nothing other than his haughtiness, resting on his past achievements.

• この功績により地租課役の永代免除の綸旨を受け、特に選ばれた者が輿丁として朝廷に出仕し天皇や太上天皇の行幸、葬送の際に輿を担ぐことを主な仕事とした。
• For these achievements, they received rinji (the Emperor's order) that they would be permanently exemption from taxation and labor duties, and only those chosen served the Court as Yotei, mainly going in for koshi carrier on the occasion of departure or a funeral of the Emperor and the Cloistered Emperor.

• また、『陸奥話記』は物語の最後に、頼義の功績を漢の高祖の中国平定や、坂上田村麻呂に譬えるなど賞賛の言を惜しまないが、『今昔』はこれもカットしている。
• At the end of the story, 'Mutsuwa-ki' praises Yoriyoshi's achievements by likening them to both Gaozu's subjugation of Han Dynasty China and to SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro but these references are also omitted from 'Konjaku.'

• 忠興は9月15日の関ヶ原本戦で石田三成隊と激闘を演じた功績から、戦後の慶長7年（1602年）、家康から豊前国中津藩39万9000石に加増移封された。
• Because of Tadaoki's success in the fierce fighting with Mitsunari ISHIDA's troops at the Battle of Sekigahara on September 15, Ieyasu in 1602 gave him additional land in Nakatsu Domain in Buzen Province with a yield of 399,000 koku.

• 室町幕府では将軍尊氏とともに二元政治を行っていた直義と、各地で軍事的功績のあった執事の高師直らとの対立が生じ、やがて内紛に発展して観応の擾乱に至る。
• In the Muromachi bakufu, Tadayoshi, who had conducted political affairs in tandem with the Shogun, Takauji, came into contention with the major-domo Moronao KO, who had achieved military successes in various regions; later this contention developed into internal strife, and led to the Kano Disturbance.

• しかし、藩祖である遠藤慶隆の功績を賞されて、元禄5年（1692年）に遠藤胤親が常陸国・下野国で1万石を与えられて、遠藤氏の再興が認められたのである。
• However, in 1692 in praise of the achievements by Yoshitaka ENDO the original forefather of the domain, Tanechika ENDO was granted 10,000 koku crop yields in Hitachi Province and Shimotsuke Province; thus, the restoration of the Endo clan was accepted.

• しかし、西軍1万5000を大津城に釘付けにした功績は大きく、戦後、徳川家康は高次を召しだし、若狭国小浜城 (若狭国)8万2000石に加増転封させた。
• However, since Takatsugu's service of riveting the 15,000 solders of the West squad to Otsu-jo Castle was notable, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA sent for him after the war and gave him Wakasa Province as his territory with the ownership of Obama-jo Castle and the increased stipend of 82,000 koku (approximately 14.8 million liters of crop).

• こうした考え方により、故人の生前の功績を称え、威徳を偲び、その後祖霊祭（年祭やお盆・お彼岸）では、亡くなられた方の御霊（みたま）を子孫は丁重に祀る。
• Based on this idea, the descendants honor the achievements of the deceased, recall their virtues, and thereafter respectfully worship the soul of the deceased at soreisai (ancestral rites) such as anniversaries, Obon (Buddhist festival of the dead) and spring and autumn equinox.

• 後水戸徳川家が公爵に陞爵し、越前福井藩松平氏と伊予宇和島藩伊達氏が維新時の功績を認められて伯爵から陞爵したため、最終的には合計14家が侯爵とされた。
• Later, Mito-Tokugawa family was promoted to duke, Matsudaira clan of Fukui Domain, Echizen Province and Date clan of Uwajima Domain, Iyo Province were promoted from count, and as a result fourteen families in total were admitted marquises.

• 通俊の功績を称え旭川市の北海道神宮末社開拓神社・上川神社に祀られ、旭川市常磐公園・札幌市大通公園・札幌市円山公園 (北海道)に銅像が建立されている。
• In honor of his achievements, Michitoshi is enshrined at Kaitaku-jinja Shrine which is a subordinate shrine of Hokkaido-jinja Shrine, and at Kamikawa-jinja Shrine, and his bronze statues were built in Tokiwa Park of Asahikawa City, and Odori Park and Maruyama Park of Sapporo City.

• 承久3年（1221年）の承久の乱で父近重と共に鎌倉幕府（北条泰時）軍に従い、宇治川の合戦で敵を1人討ち取る功績をあげたと『吾妻鏡』に記載されている。
• According to 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East, a chronicle of the early history of the Kamakura Bakufu), Chikayuki joined the Kamakura bakufu army (headed by Yasutoki HOJO) with his father, Chikayuki, and rendered distinguished service of killing one enemy in the Battle of Uji-gawa River, one of the battles during the Jokyu War of 1221.

• 準譜代大名（じゅんふだいだいみょう）外様大名の中で、幕閣において長年の功績のある大名を始めとして、主に血縁関係により譜代大名に準ずる家格の大名をいう。
• A quasi fudai daimyo refers to some tozama daimyo (outsider to the ruler) clans, who became treated as fudai daimyo clans (relative or very close to the ruler), mainly in regards to the blood relations to the ruling family of the Edo period in Japan, mainly because of their the clans' achievement over the time.

• 伝統的なアートのコンセプトへの革新的な批評を推進せず、映画産業の資本が流行を単に仕掛けているうちは、革新的な功績を、今日の映画に認めることはできない。
• So long as the movie-makers' capital sets the fashion, as a rule no other revolutionary merit can be accredited to today's film than the promotion of a revolutionary criticism of traditional concepts of art.

• 橿原神宮、平安神宮、明治神宮などの天皇や皇族を祀る神社や湊川神社、四條畷神社などの功績のある人物をまつる神社（建武中興十五社など）が数多く造営された。
• A lot of shrines were built to enshrine emperors and the imperial family, such as Kashihara-jingu Shrine, Heian-jingu Shrine and Meiji-jingu Shrine, and to enshrine meritorious people, such as Minatogawa-jinja Shrine and Shijonawate-jinja Shrine (as well as the fifteen 'Kenmu Chuko' shrines that enshrine royalty and military commanders from the Southern Court side who contributed to the Kenmu Restoration).

• 次に本家がすでに公爵となっているにもかかわらず、その人物の特別な功績が認められて別に家を立てることをゆるされ、さらに公爵位を授けられたグループがある。
• Another group consists of those who were granted the title of Duke after they were allowed to make a new family with their special achievement taken into account, although their head families already had the title.

• 地方出身で出自が低い者を中央の貴族と同列にするわけにはいかないが、彼等の功績は高く顕彰したいという考慮から、「外」という位が作られたと推測されている。
• It is assumed that although their achievements were worth the title, it was not accepted to give the same title as dominant nobilities to someone from a lower ranking family, and therefore the rank 'ge' was created.

• この年少僧都に昇進し、仁治元年（1240年）に大僧都、寛元元年（1243年）に久仁親王（後の後深草天皇）誕生の加持祈祷の功績によって法印に叙せられた。
• In that year, he was promoted to Shosozu (junior secondary prelate), and then in 1240 Daisozu (the upper Buddhist priests in the second highest position) and, in 1243, he was promoted to Hoin (the highest rank among Buddhist priests) with his merit of incantation for the birth of the Imperial Prince Hisahito (later Emperor Gofukakusa).

• 秀吉没後は徳川家康に接近し、慶長5年（1600年）9月の関ヶ原の戦いでは東軍に属して伊勢国長島城の守備や伊勢桑名城・近江国水口城を攻略に功績を挙げた。
• He approached Ieyasu TOKUGAWA after the death of Hideyoshi, and in the Battle of Sekigahara in October 1600, he belonged to the eastern army and had great achievements such as the defense of Nagashima-jo Castle in Ise Province and the capture of Kuwana-jo Castle in Ise Province and Minakuchi-jo Castle in Omi Province.

• ピュロスまたは彼の功績（特にローマ人を破るために彼が被った多大な犠牲者）の、ピュロスまたは彼の功績に関する、あるいは、ピュロスまたは彼の功績に似ている
• of or relating to or resembling Pyrrhus or his exploits (especially his sustaining staggering losses in order to defeat the Romans)

• 第5代藩主・小堀政峯は7年半にわたって若年寄を努めたことから、本来なら小堀氏は外様大名であったが、この功績により譜代大名の格式を許され、伺候席となった。
• For the fifth lord of the domain Masamine KOBORI's seven-and-a-half-year service as a position of Wakadoshiyori (junior councilor), the Kobori clan, which was supposed to be a nonhereditary feudal lord, was admitted to amend the status into Fudai Daimyo (hereditary vassals to the Tokugawa family) and was able to wait on a higher-ranked sheat to meet the Shogun.

• また、巻43・金庾信伝下においても、新羅の三国統一を果たした金ユ信の功績を図抜けたものとしながらも、乙支文徳の知略と張保皐の武勇とをともに顕彰している。
• In Vol. 43: Biology of Yushin KIM, although praising Yushin KIM's great achievement of unifying three Kingdoms of Silla as outstanding, he also cited both Mundeok EULJI's intelligent strategy and Bogo JANG's military prowess.

• 伊勢神宮遷宮のとき、朝廷に対して4000貫文を献上するなどして朝廷との友好関係を築くなど、前述の功績も合わせて、後の信長飛躍の土台を作った武将であった。
• He laid the foundation for future Nobunaga's dramatic rise by contributing 4000 kanmon to the Imperial Court at the time of the transfer of Ise-jingu Shrin to establish a friendship with the Imperial Courte, along with above-mentioned great achievements.

• 元亀元年（1570年）4月には浅井氏・朝倉氏との金ヶ崎の戦いでは撤退する信長の警護を担当し、6月の姉川の戦いでは浅井助七郎なる者を討ち取る功績を上げる。
• In June, 1570, in the Battle of Kanagasaki against the Asai clan and the Asakura clan, he took charge of guarding Nobunaga who withdrew from the battlefield, and in the Battle of Anegawa in August, he made a great achievement of killing an enemy named Sukeshichiro ASAI.

• 文化 (元号)年間（1804年 - 1817年）に江戸城神田橋御門・常盤橋御門番を務めた功績により、天保10年（1839年）に城主大名に引き上げられた。
• In 1839 he was promoted to Joshu daimyo (daimyo who is allowed to live in a castle) by his distinguished service as a gatekeeper at Kanda-bashi Bridge and Tokiwa-bashi Bridge of Edo-jo Castle during the Bunka era (1894 to 1817).

• 世襲特権が認められているものには建国時期に活躍した6人の親王と2人の郡王のほかに、清朝中期、末期に特別な功績があるとして世襲が許された4人の親王がいる。
• Along with 6 Imperial Princes and 2 guno (second highest rank of the court rank in ancient China), who were active during the nation-building time and whose hereditary privileges were recognized, there are 4 Imperial Princes who were allowed heredity because of their great achievements during the middle period and the end of the Qing dynasty.

• 和銅元年11月25日、元明天皇の大嘗祭に際して、天武天皇治世期から永く仕えてきた三千代の功績が称えられ、橘の浮かんだ杯とともに橘宿禰の氏姓が賜与された。
• On January 14, 709, when Daijosai (the first ceremonial offering of the rice) by the newly-enthroned Emperor Genmei was held, Michiyo was given Shisei (clan and hereditary title) of TACHIBANA no Sukune, accompanying with a cup in which a flower of mandarin orange was floating on sake, praising her distinguished service for a long time since the Emperor Tenmu's era.

• 更に、吉田神社の社殿再建や、春日祭や神嘗祭といった官祭の再興にも尽力した功績により、慶応2年（1866年）、鈴鹿家の者としては異例の従三位の位を賜った。
• He also made an effort to rebuild the main building of the Yoshida-jinja Shrine and revive public festivals such as Kasuga-matsuri Festival and Kannamesai Festival, and for these achievements, he was conferred Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) in 1866, an exception for a member of the Suzuka family.

• 洪庵の功績として、適塾から福澤諭吉、大鳥圭介、橋本左内、大村益次郎、長与専斎、佐野常民、高松凌雲など幕末から明治維新にかけて活躍した多くの人材を輩出した。
• Koan is credited with the establishment of a private school, Tekijuku, and many Tekijuku graduates including Yukichi FUKUZAWA, Keisuke OTORI, Sanai HASHIMOTO, Masujiro OMURA, Sensai NAGAYO, Tsunetami SANO, Ryoun TAKAMATSU took the lead in building a new society from the end of the Edo Period through the Meiji Restoration.

• 仮名草子作者としても有名な江戸初期の禅僧鈴木正三と、島原の乱後の天草の復興に大きな功績を残した代官鈴木重成の兄弟はいずれも旗本で、則定鈴木氏の出身である。
• Zen monk Shosan SUZUKI, who was a famous author of Kana Zoshi (story book written in kana) in the early Edo period, and his brother Daikan (local governor) Shigenari SUZUKI, who made a great contribution to the reconstruction of Amakusa after the Shimabara War, were from the Norisada Suzuki clan, and both of them served as hatamoto (direct retainers of the Edo bakufu [Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun]).

• 実在は確認されているが光慶が歴史に記されるのは、光秀による丹波国・亀山城 (丹波国)（京都府亀岡市）の築城前後であり、目立った戦功や功績は明らかではない。
• Although it has been confirmed that he was a real-life person, the name of Mitsuyoshi was first referred to in historical writings around the time when Mitsuhide constructed Kameyama-jo Castle in Tanba no kuni (Tanba Province) (Kameyama City, Kyoto Prefecture), and neither his distinguished service in war nor other contribution is known.

• 『吾妻鏡』によると、承久3年（1221年）の承久の乱で、鎌倉幕府（北条泰時）軍についた富田小太郎（近行）が宇治川の合戦で敵を1人討ち取る功績を上げている。
• According to 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East, a chronicle of the early history of the Kamakura Bakufu), Chikayuki Kotaro TOMIDA, who fought by the side of the Kamakura bakufu army (headed by Yasutoki HOJO), rendered distinguished service of killing one enemy in the Battle of Uji-gwa River, one of the battles during the Jokyu War in 1221.

• 晩年には学者として著作に専念し、『難太平記』は古典『太平記』を難ずる意味の歴史書で、応永の乱における自らの立場や、太平記に記されない一族の功績を記している。
• In the last years, he concentrated on writing as a scholar; the history book named 'Nan-Tahiheiki' was meant to criticize the 'Taiheiki' (The Record of the Great Peace), so he wrote about his position during the Oei War and great achievements made by the Imagawa clan which were not written in the 'Taiheiki.'

• 2007年9月、英国において新薬の研究開発に対する投資環境の改善に尽力した功績を認められ、エリザベス2世 (イギリス女王)より大英帝国勲章を授りナイト叙任。
• In September 2007, he was named Knight Commander of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II for his contributions to the improvement of the investment environment for the pharmaceutical industry in Britain.

• 明治期に衰微していた金春流を背負って立ち、金春流宗家の金春光太郎（後の八条）・栄治郎兄弟を守って盛り立てた功績は大きく、「金春流中興の祖」と称えられている。
• He accomplished a great achievement in which he carried Konparu-ryu school declined in Meiji period on his shoulders, watched over and supported Mitsutaro KONPARU (later Hachijo KONPARU) and his younger brother Eijiro KONPARU, the heads of the Konparu-ryu school, and he was praised as 'the founder of a renaissance of the Konparu-ryu school.'

• しかし幕府は藩祖・且元の大坂の陣における功績を考慮して、為次の弟にあたる片桐且昭を3000石の交代寄合として取り立てることで片桐氏の名跡を存続させようとした。
• Still, the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) attempted to preserve the Katagiri clan name to honor the domain founder Katsumoto's accomplishments at the Siege of Osaka by granting the status of kotai yoriai (landholding vassal with alternate attendance obligations) with 3,000 koku to Tametsugu's younger brother Katsuteru KATAGIRI.

• 俳句においてはいわゆる月並俳諧の陳腐を否定し、芭蕉の詩情を高く評価する一方、江戸期の文献を漁って蕪村のように忘れられていた俳人を発掘するなどの功績が見られる。
• For Haiku, he rejected all common, hackneyed phrases and while he highly praised Basho's poetic sentiment, discovering forgotten poets like Buson after sifting through Edo era literature was seen as his achievement.

• 五世紀中葉に房総半島の一角に本拠をもつ小首長が畿内の倭王のもとに武人として奉仕し、その功績によって銀象嵌の銘文をもつ鉄剣を下賜されるという関係が成立していた。
• By the middle of the fifth century, there had been a system in which a minor chief who was based in a part of the Boso Peninsula served a king of Wa in the Kinai District as a warrior, and the chief was granted an inscribed iron sword inlaid with silver due to his achievements.

• 奇しくも刊行された年に発生した天明の京都大火により皇居が炎上したが、寛政2年（1790年）、新造内裏が古制に復することができたのは、裏松の功績が絶大であった。
• Strangely enough, the Imperial Palace went up in flames due to the Great Kyoto Fire of the Tenmei era in the very year the book was published, but thanks to URAMATSU's great achievement, the new Imperial Palace was restored to its former shape in 1790.

• 明治の華族令によって、原則的には侯爵に叙されることになったが、維新の功績によって三条家は公爵とされ、また一旦侯爵とされた西園寺家と徳大寺家も後に公爵に陞爵した。
• According to the Nobility Act implemented in the Meiji period, the Seiga Family was, in principle, entitled to the title of marquess; however, thanks to the achievements during the Meiji Restoration, the Sanjo Family was entitled to the title of duke, while the Saionji and Tokudaiji families, which were formerly entitled to the title of marquess, were later entitled to the title of duke by means of shosyaku (attaining higher rank based on achievement).

• 遷宮復活に功績のあった慶光院（けいこういん）に与えられた領地であった磯町の住民が、内宮扉木を宮川河畔から外宮、倭姫宮を経由して内宮宇治工作場まで陸曳で奉曳する。
• The residents of Iso-cho, which used to be a domain of Keikoin who was credited with re-establishing the Sengu, perform the Okabiki of the wood for the Tobiragi (wood for doors) of the Naiku from the Miya-gawa River via the Geku and Yamatohimenomiya to Naiku Uji workshop.

• 近世に入り、王権が強化され中央集権化が進むと、封建貴族は支配地を失い宮廷貴族となり、王の役人や軍事的、政治的功績があった者が新たに貴族に任命されるようになった。
• Entering early modern times, as the king's rights were strengthened and power became increasingly more centralized, feudal Kizoku lost their territories and became Kizoku in the court, and officers for King and persons who contributed significantly, militarily or administratively, were newly appointed to Kizoku.

• とくに『切られ与三』では七五調の台詞を黙阿弥に先駆けて使用して幕末期の世話狂言の基本を築き、『佐倉義民伝』では日本最初の農民劇を創作するなどの功績をあげている。
• His achievements are noteworthy; especially in 'Kirare Yosa,' he established the bases of the sewa kyogen (a category of plays depicting the people's common life) in the end of Edo Period by introducing seven-and-five syllabic rhythmical dialogues prior to another Kabuki playwright Mokuami, and in the 'Sakura Gimin Den' he created the first peasant play in Japan.

• 数度の失火により消失した東本願寺本堂の再建を発願し、1835年（天保6年）に落成させるなどの功績を残し、1846年（弘化3年）、次男・厳如に法主を譲り隠居した。
• His achievements included the reconstruction of the main building of the Higashi Hongan-ji Temple in 1835, which was burned down by several fire accidents, and in 1846, he passed over his Hoshu post to his second son, Gonnyo, and retired.

• 日本の土木事業（河川改修や砂防）における功績を評価すると、「お雇い外国人」ではなく「内務省技術顧問」や「河川技術者」などといった呼び名の方が相応しいとも言える。
• Considering his achievements in engineering, including river improvement, and erosion and torrent control, it might have been better to refer to him as the 'Technical Adviser of the Interior' or the 'River Improvement Engineer' rather than 'Employed Foreigner,' as he was often called.

• 没後、明治2年（1869年）12月には、その功績を賞され、明治天皇の勅命の下で宇都宮藩知事戸田忠友により勅旌碑が建てられた（宇都宮市花房3丁目と東京谷中臨江寺）。
• After his death his great achievement was honored, and in December 1869, monuments were built by the mayor of Utsunomiya Domain, Tadatomo TODA, under the Emperor Meiji's command (in 3-chome, Hanafusa, Utsunomiya City and Rinko-ji Temple in Yanaka, Tokyo).

• しかし、範氏の次子の一色範光の一族が功績をたて家勢を回復し、三河国・若狭国・丹後国の守護大名となると同時に、四職家の一つとして権勢を奮い、一色氏は最盛期を迎えた。
• However, the family of Norimitsu Isshiki, the second child of Noriuji, rendered distinguished service; therefore, the family power was regained to become shugo (guard feudal lord) of Mikawa-no-kuni, Wakasa-no-kuni and Tango-no-kuni, and also held the reins of power as one of the Shishiki families, in what was the most flourishing time for the Isshiki clan.

• このように八重崎検校の音楽的功績は多大であるが、金銭には疎く清貧な生涯を送ったことが知られ、質素な生活ぶりで、京都の両替商万屋がパトロンとして八重崎を支えていた。
• The musical achievement of Kengyo YAEZAKI was huge like this, but allegedly he was ignorant of money and led a life of honorable poverty and austerity and was supported by the money changer Yorozuya as a patron in Kyoto.

• このほか、狩野興以（? - 1636）は狩野家の血族ではないが、探幽ら3兄弟の師匠筋にあたる人物で、その功績によって狩野姓を与えられ、後に紀州徳川家に仕えている。
• Besides them, Koi KANO (date of birth unknown - 1636) was not related by blood to the Kano family but, along with his brothers, was a master of Tanyu; he was allowed to use the surname of Kano due to his achievements, and he worked for the Kishu Tokugawa family.

• 源頼朝が鎌倉に武家政権を打ち立てると、頼朝は清和源氏一族内で、特に功績を認めた者だけに源姓を名乗ることを許可し、他の源氏一族が公式の場で源姓を名乗ることを禁じた。
• When MINAMOTO no Yoritomo established the military government in Kamakura, Yoritomo allowed those who had been credited for their distinguished services among the Seiwa-Genji the permission to use the Minamoto family name, but he prohibited other Genji clans from using the name at formal occasions.

• このため、後世紀伝道において主導的な立場に立った菅原氏が大学寮における自家の功績を顕彰するために、平安時代中期以後の学問料支給とこの史実を結び付けたと言われている。
• Therefore, it is said that the Sugawara clan, which later got the leading position in Kidendo, associated this historical fact with Gakumonryo of the mid-Heian period aiming to demonstrate the family's achievement at Daigaku-ryo.

• 本能寺の変の首謀者である明智光秀の討伐において最大の功績を上げた豊臣秀吉は、信長の嫡孫にあたる三法師（織田秀信）を傀儡の後継者として指名し、信長の実質的後継を奪う。
• Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, who had the greatest record of achievements after hunting down and killing Mitsuhide AKECHI--the ringleader of the Incident at Honnoji temple--nominated Hidenobu ODA, the grandson of Nobunaga, as a puppet ruler (Hidenobu was only two at the time), thereby usurping the lion's share of successional power for himself.

• 前九年の役の際に河内源氏の源頼義、源義家父子に与力し、凶徒調伏などで功績を認められ、康平6年（1063年）に下野國守護職および下野國一之宮別当職、宇都宮座主となる。
• During the Zen Kunen no Eki (Former Nine Years' Campaign), Soen cooperated with MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi and his son MINAMOTO no Yoriie of the Kawachi-Genji (the Minamoto clan of Kawachi Province), and received credit for subjugating the rebellion, thereby being appointed Shugoshiki (Military Governor) of Shimotsuke Province, Bettoshiki (the office of head administrator) of Ichinomiya (a shrine occupying the highest rank among the shrines of a province) of the Shimotsuke Province and Utsunomiya Zasu (titular head of the Utsunomiya Futaarayama-jinja Shrine).

• この9人は江戸幕府を倒す討幕運動のとき功績を挙げた人物たちで、山縣有朋、井上馨、松方正義、西郷従道、大山巌、西園寺公望、桂太郎、黒田清隆、伊藤博文の9名のことである。
• These nine - Aritomo YAMAGATA, Kaoru INOUE, Masayoshi MATSUKATA, Tsugumichi SAIGO, Iwao OYAMA, Kinmochi SAIONJI, Taro KATSURA, Kiyotaka KURODA and Hirobumi ITO - were the people who made a major contribution in the anti-shogunate movement at the end of the Edo Period

• かつての功績があまりにも大きいため家康に冷遇されたとも言われるが、直政は関ヶ原の戦いでの戦傷が元で破傷風を起こしているため病気で出仕できなかったとの見方が大勢である。
• According to one theory, Naomasa was given cold shoulder by Ieyasu because of his great achievements in the past, however, another theory that he could not have served due to tetanus caused by the wound he received at the Battle of Sekigahara is widely accepted.

• 槍などの刀以外の武器では、戦場の真っ只中で迅速に首を切り落とすのは、非常に困難であり、合戦では自らの功績を示すものが敵将の首級であった為、重要であったとする説がある。
• It was quite difficult to cut off a head quickly in the middle of a battlefield with Yari (spears) or weapons other than swords, and the cut head of the enemy general could show the achievement of a soldier in a battle, so it is said that swords were important.

• 一進会を率い、韓日併合論を説いた宋秉畯らは朝鮮総督府中枢院顧問となり、合併後の朝鮮の政治にも大きく影響を与え続け、その後、その功績により宋秉畯には伯爵位が与えられた。
• Song Byung-joon and others who led Isshinkai and supported the theory as to Japan's annexation of Korea assumed office as adviser of Chusuin (a government office in Korea) of Chosen Sotoku-fu and kept affecting on the Korean politics after the annexation, and later Song Byung-joon was given a title of count for his achievement.

• その実態は1930年代に存在していた道路や畦道に基づく「机上の復元案」といえるものであるが、大宰府に条坊制による街区の存在を指摘し、学界に注意を喚起した功績は大きい。
• The actual state was 'a desk reconstruction plan' based on streets and causeways that existed in the 1930s, but its achievements to point out existence of city blocks in jobosei and to promote awareness of the academic society are significant.

• 後に、官幣社にも国幣社にも分類できない官社（当時の国家に功績を挙げた人物を祀る神社など）として別格官幣社の制度が導入され、明治5年に湊川神社が初の別格官幣社に列格した。
• Subsequently, a system of Bekkaku Kanpeisha was introduced for Kansha which could not be classified as either Kanpeisha or Kokuheisha (e.g. shrines dedicated to people who rendered distinguished services to the state of the time), and Minatogawa-jinja Shrine was classified as the first Bekkaku Kanpeisha in 1872.

• 徳川幕府を正当化するために人物評価が偏っていたり矛盾していたりする点をふくめても、日本史に納得できる時代区分を最初に導入し、政治史を書くことを可能とした功績は疑えない。
• Even considering that some of his character evaluations are distorted and inconsistent in order to justify the Tokugawa shogunate, his contributions are undeniable and he introduced a convincing periodization of Japanese history for the first time and made it possible to write a political history.

• 小早川秀秋は関ヶ原の戦いでの功績により、備前国51万石に加増移封されたが、1602年（慶長7年）に嗣子なくして病没し、小早川家は名実ともに断絶したというのが定説である。
• Hideaki KOBAYAKAWA changed the territory to the Bizen Province of 510,000 koku with additional properties but died from an illness in 1602 without an heir, so it is believed that the Kobayakawa clan ended both in name and reality.

• 位階令では、従来の叙位条例から叙爵対象の順序が変更され、「国家ニ勲功アリ又ハ表彰スヘキ功績アル者」・「有爵者及爵ヲ襲クコトヲ得ヘキ相続人」・「在官者及在職者」とされた。
• As for the 'Ikai rei,' the sequential order of eligible persons for the conferment of court ranks in the former 'Joijorei' was changed as follows: 'Persons who have rendered distinguished services to the State or persons of such merit as to warrant public notice,' 'Persons who possess the titles of nobility or the legal heir who is entitled to succeed to the titles of nobility,' 'The holder of a government post and the holder of a position.'

• 寛永9年（1632年）10月23日、遠江掛川城の守備を務めた功績などにより、寛永13年（1636年）6月23日に1万5000石加増の5万石で伊勢亀山藩に加増移封された。
• Thanks to the contributions such as serving for the defense of Totomi Kakegawa-jo Castle on December 4, 1632, he was forced relocation to the Ise-kameyama Domain with 50,000 Goku crop yields including 15,000 Goku increase on July 25, 1636.

• その功績によって位階制度復活後に正八位に叙せられる（明治4年（1871年）の旧位階制度廃止時に従来の位階は全て無効になり、叙位基準も変更されているので、左遷ではない）。
• In recognition of his contribution, he was awarded with Shohachii (Senior Eighth Rank) after the restoration of the court rank system (When the former court rank system was abolished in 1871, previous ranks were all nullified, and the ranking standard was reviewed for the new ranking system, so this was not a demotion.).

• 1997年 醍醐寺境内に父・真乗・母・友司の功績を顕彰する「真如三昧耶堂」が建立され、醍醐寺金堂において、同寺一千年の歴史の中で、有髪の尼僧としては初めての導師を務めた。
• In the ceremony held at the Kondo hall of Daigo-ji Temple in 1997 for commemorating the establishment of the Shinnyo Sanmayado Hall aiming to praise her father Shinjo and her mother Tomoji publicly for their distinguished service, she managed the ceremony as a doshi (officiating monk), who became the first not-tonsured priestess to serve as the doshi in the temple's 1,000 years history.

• 弘治2年（1556年）、信長と、その弟の織田信勝による織田家の権力闘争である稲生の戦いでは、宮井勘兵衛なる小姓頭に右目下を弓で射抜かれながらも討ち取るという功績を上げる。
• In 1556, in the Battle of Inou which was the strife over authority of the Oda family fought between Nobunaga and his younger brother Nobukatsu ODA, although Toshiie was shot under the right eye with an arrow by the head of the enemy's pages named Kanbei MIYAI, he made a great achievement by killing this shooter.

• それらは主に各地域の伝統的な料理に香辛料やエスニック要素を加えることでカレーらしくなったものだが、多くのレストランや料理人らが伝播と啓蒙につとめた功績も皆無とはいえない。
• While these are dishes which took a curry-like form by adding spices and a South Asian or Southeast Asian taste to traditional dishes of the regions, we should not overlook the fact that many restaurants as well as cooks made an effort to teach and spread these dishes.

• 丹後国は元々一色氏が守護を務める国であったが、天正7年（1579年）、細川幽斎は明智光秀とともに反信長連合の一角だった一色氏らを滅ぼし丹後国・丹波国を制圧し功績を挙げた。
• Tango Province was originally a province where the Isshiki clan controlled as Shugo; military governor, but in 1579 Yusai HOSOKAWA together with Mitsuhide AKECHI defeated a member group of the anti-Nobunaga alliance including the Isshiki clan to conquer Tango and Tanba Provinces.

• そして最後には信輔が摂関家筆頭としての近衛家の立場を強調すれば、昭実も正平の一統後の混乱下での二条家による後光厳天皇擁立の功績をあげるなど議論は泥沼化の様相を見せ始めた。
• In the end, Nobusuke emphasized the position of the Konoe family as the head of the sekkanke (family lines of regents and chief advisors) while Akizane pointed out the Nijo family's success in supporting Emperor Gokogon amid the turmoil after the Shohei no Itto (temporal unification of the Northern and Southern Courts by the Southern Court); their arguments were getting more and more chaotic.

• 位階は主に王 (皇族)および人臣が対象であり、人臣の位階については律令法が廃止された明治時代以降は、官吏であった者や特に功績のあった者などに与えられる栄典の一つとなった。
• The court rank was designed mainly for princes without the title of Shinno (Imperial Prince), members of the Imperial family, and their subjects, but after the Meiji period in which the Ritsuryo codes were abolished, the court rank became a rank of honor which was bestowed upon those who had been government officials or those who had performed significant services.

• 天武天皇元年（673年）の壬申の乱のとき、村屋神が大海人皇子方の大伴吹負に「敵が来るので中つ道を防げ」と神託をした功績により神階が授与されたとの記述が『日本書紀』にある。
• 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) says that Murayanokami was granted a shinkai (rank granted to Shinto gods) as credit for telling OTOMO no Fukei on the side of Oama no oji (Prince Oama) 'Guard Nakatsu Michi because the enemies are coming' during the Jinshin War in 673.

• 留学生は薩長土肥の高官や明治維新の功績者の子弟が中心であり、特権的な留学による身分の固定化への危惧や優秀な学生の機会獲得のため、九鬼は文部省の方針に積極的に賛同していた。
• Since people studying abroad were mostly the children of high officers from Satsuma, Choshu, Tosa and Hizen, or the children of people who made a great contribution to the Meiji Restoration, Kuki strongly agreed to the government policy in order to prevent the social classes from cementing due to privileged overseas education as well as to provide opportunities to all gifted students.

• 西洋近代哲学の素養の上に立って浄土真宗の信仰を受け止め、近代思想界に紹介した功績、また、そうした素養と信仰とに基づき、内外両面において仏教の近代化を推進した功績は大きい。
• Due to his education in modern Western philosophy, he was able to better understand the beliefs of Jodo Shinshu and introduce it to modern ideas and, on the basis of his education and faith, he greatly contributed to propelling the modernization of Buddhism both domestically and internationally.

• 甲府藩の国絵図の編纂に関わり、又改暦に備えて授時暦を深く研究して改暦の機会を窺っていたが、その後渋川春海によって貞享暦が作られ、暦学において功績を挙げることは適わなかった。
• He was involved in compiling the province-wide cadastral survey (known as 'kuni ezu' in Japanese) for Kofu domain, and after working with the convoluted Juji Calendar he began looking for an opportunity to revise the calendar system, but once the Jokyo Calendar, developed by Harumi SHIBUKAWA, was created, he had no chance to make any noteworthy achievements with regards to the calendar.

• - 伊達氏初代・伊達朝宗の次男 伊達為家にはじまる家系で、その七世・伊達資宗が足利尊氏に従い功績を挙げて、駿河国有度郡入野庄に所領を得、後に遠江国山名郡諸井郷を本拠とした。
• The Suruga-Date clan was founded by Tameie DATE (the second son of Tomomune Date [the founder of the Date clan]), and Sukemune DATE, the seventh family head of the clan, was awarded territories in Irino-sho, Arito County, Suruga Province by Takauji ASHIKAGA in return for his achievements, and later, Sukemune designated Moroi-go, Yamana County, Totomi Province, as his ruling base.

• 鎌倉時代後期に後醍醐天皇の討幕運動に加わり、鎌倉陥落に功績のあった上野国の新田義貞の妻になったいわれ、建武の新政を開始した後醍醐天皇が新田義貞への恩賞として与えたとされる。
• The reason why she became a wife of Yoshisada NITTA in Kozuke Province, who participated in Emperor Godaigo's activities for defeating the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and contributed to getting control of Kamakura, is said to be as follows: Emperor Godaigo who started the new government in the Kenmu era gave her to Yoshisada NITTA as a prize for his contribution.

• この功績により、慶長6年（1601年）、伊勢国桑名藩（現在の三重県桑名市）10万石（一説に15万石）に移されると、それまでの大多喜領は次男・本多忠朝に別家5万石で与えられた。
• Due to his achievements, he was transferred to Kuwana Domain, Ise Province (present Kuwana City, Mie Prefecture) with 100,000 koku (another theory holds that it was 150,000 koku) in 1601, and the former territory in Otaki was given to his second son Tadatomo HONDA with 50,000 koku as a branch family.

• 平治の乱における功績や、院政派の実力者信西の死去により、乱後天皇親政派は一時的に権勢を得るが、かねてより対立関係にあった後白河上皇によって次第に政治生命を狙われることとなる。
• Due to the achievements in the Heiji War and the death of Shinzei, who was the influential person in the faction supporting the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa, the faction supporting the Emperor temporarily gained power after the War; however, Korekata was gradually removed from political life by the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa who was opposed to Korekata.

• また、薩英戦争に備えて日本初の機械水雷を開発したり、斉彬の命により薩摩切子の着色を研究し、紅色薩摩切子の製作に成功するなど、鹿児島県や日本の近代技術の面で大きな功績を残した。
• He also rendered distinguished services in modern technology of Kagoshima prefecture and Japan by developing Japan's first torpedo as a provision for Anglo-Satsuma War, producing red Satsuma kiriko (cut-glass work) successfully by studying the coloring of Satsuma kiriko on the order of Nariakira and so on.

• 戦国時代 (日本)から安土桃山時代にかけて、内藤清長・内藤正成・内藤家長・内藤信成らが徳川家康に仕え活躍し、その功績により江戸幕府の成立後は数家に分かれ譜代大名として隆盛した。
• From the Sengoku period (Japan's Warring States period) to the Azuchi-Momoyama period, Kiyonaga NAITO, Masashige NAITO, Ienaga NAITO, and Nobunari NAITO served Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, and worked so hard that the family was granted the right to establish several branch families, which flourished and provided hereditary daimyo to the Tokugawa House.

• しかし、教養の高い文化人で線が細いといわれる光秀像と別に、フロイスの人物評や信長が「佐久間信盛折檻状」で功績抜群として光秀を上げたように、したたかな戦国武将としての姿が見える。
• Separately from the image of Mitsuhide that he was a highly cultured but feeble looking, we can see an aspect of Mitsuhide as a tough busho (Japanese military commander) in the Sengoku Period as commented by Frois and praised by Nobunaga in 'Sakuma Nobumori sekkanjo' (letter to reproach Nobumori SAKUMA).

• 屋形号は室町幕府でも守護以上の身分で遇される足利一門や、代々有力守護であって幕府の重職につく家や特に功績ある家柄、また、国人領主ながら、室町幕府の建設に功労ある家柄に許された。
• Also under the reign of Muromachi bakufu, the yakata-go titles were conferred to such families as of the Ashikaga clan who were treated with higher status than shugo (provincial constables,) and also to the prominent shugo families who had successively been engaged in important posts of the bakufu government or who were credited with some great achievements, as well to kokujin-ryoshu (local samurai lords) credited with their contribution to the establishment of Muromachi bakufu.

• 父の生前の関係から、近江朝に近い立場にいたが、壬申の乱の時は、数えで13歳であったために何の関与もせず、近江朝に対する処罰の対象にも天武天皇朝に対する功績の対象にも入らなかった。
• Although Fuhito, like his father, had a close relationship with the Omi Imperial Court, he, not having taken any side during the Jinshin War (a war over succession to the imperial throne between the Prince Otomo and the Prince Oama) because of his age (13th year), did not receive any punishment from the Omi Imperial Court (the Prince Otomo) or any reward from the opposing the Tenmu Imperial Court (the Prince Oama).

• この事件で津田を取り押さえるという思わぬ功績を挙げた人力車夫、向畑治三郎と北賀市市太郎の二人は、事件後5月18日夜にロシア軍艦に招待され、そこでロシア軍水兵からの大歓迎を受けた。
• The rickshaw drivers who had got unexpected credit for capturing Tsuda, Jizaburo MUKAIHATA and Ichitaro KITAGAICHI were invited to the Russian fleet in the evening of May 18, and there, they were feted by Russian marines.

• 足軽には苗字帯刀を許されたものもおり、功績によっては徒士への昇格も許されていたが、中間以下にはそういったことが一切許可されないなど、この両者の間にもはっきりとした境界線があった。
• Some Ashigaru were allowed Myojitaito, and depending upon their achievements, some were allowed to rise to Kachi, but Chugen and below were never allowed such privileges and there was a clear boundary between these two as well.

• 南北朝時代 (日本)、重房の孫・上杉憲房は妹の上杉清子が足利尊氏・足利直義兄弟の母であったことから尊氏を助けて功績を立て、上野国の守護に任ぜられて関東地方で南朝方の新田氏と戦った。
• During the Period of the Southern and Northern Courts, Shigefusa's grandson, Norifusa UESUGI, whose younger sister, Kiyoko UESUGI, was Takauji and Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA's mother, was assigned as Shugo (governor) of Kozuke Province as a reward for helping Takauji, and he fought against the Southern Court supporters, the Nitta clan, in the Kanto Area.

• ちなみに高次は大津城落城後は、その敗戦を恥じて高野山に上ったが、家康は宗茂を引きつけていた高次の功績を高く評価して新たに召し出し、若狭国小浜藩8万5000石に加増移封したのである。
• In addition, after Otsu-jo Castle fell, Takatsugu who was ashamed of defeat went up to Mt. Koya, but Ieyasu ordered him to serve Ieyasu newly because Ieyasu highly evaluated Takatsugu's distinguished service sticking Muneshige, and transferred him to the Obama Domain in Wakasa Province with properties bearing 85,000 koku upon granting additional properties.

• これは田中吉政など家臣の功績が大きいとも言われているが、悪政を敷いた代官を自ら成敗したり名代を任せた父の三好吉房について「頼りない」と評価するなど主体性を発揮した面も伝わっている。
• This might be due to the great achievement of his vassals, Yoshimasa TANAKA and others, but another face of Hidetsugu showed his independence, such that he himself punished the local governors who misgoverned and judged his father Yoshifusa MIYOSHI, who was in charge of Myodai (a substitute), 'unreliable.'

• この任地に着任するまでに既に今井町の住人であり、前述の一向宗の戦いにおいて、信長から武装解除される際に今井郷民を危険から回避させ、単独で交渉にあたるなど相当の功績があったようである。
• Imanishi had been living in Imai-cho before arriving at his post at that location and when disarmament was ordered by Nobunaga after the battle of the Ikkoshu sect, it seems that Imanishi made considerable contributions to the community such as helping the Imai-go residents to escape from danger and subsequently negotiating with the enemy side on his own.

• なお監督としても脚本家としても映画界に記した功績は多大なものがあるが、いわゆる「巨匠」扱いされることを好まず、ファンからサインを求められても「そんな器ではない」とほとんど断っている。
• Although he contributed greatly to the film world both as a director and script writer, he prefers to not be considered as a 'great master' and refused fans asking him for a signature by saying, 'I am not that great.'

• このような功績から新政府の外務大臣 (日本)伊達宗城（宇和島藩主）は、江戸に駐在していたフランス公使ロッシュに対し、モンブランをパリの日本公務弁理職（総領事）に任ずると通知している。
• Because of this outstanding achievement, Munenari DATE (lord of the Uwajima clan), the Minister of Foreign Affairs in the new government, notified the French envoy Roches, who was stationed in Edo, that Montblanc was to be appointed Japanese Consul General in Paris.

• しかし、これらは紀州徳川家から将軍に就任した吉宗が側用人政治を嫌う土屋政直ら「援立の臣」らに功績としてどちらかというと形式的なところに着目してなされた一種の配慮とみる見解が有力である。
• However, it's generally understood that Yoshimune from the Kishu Tokugawa family showed his consideration for his 'supportive vassal' Masanao TSUCHIYA who hated the lord chamberlain government, so Yoshimune made changes to Arai's achievements mainly from a formality.

• また、672年の壬申の乱の時は長徳の弟にあたる大伴馬来田（まぐた）・大伴吹負（ふけい）兄弟が兵を率いて功績を立てており、以後、奈良時代までの政界で大納言・中納言・参議等が輩出している。
• In the Jinshin War of 672, OTOMO no Maguta and OTOMO no Fukei, who were the brothers of Nagatoko, commanded the army with distinction, after which the Otomo clan produced Dainagon (Chief Councilors of State), Chunagon (Vice Councilors of State), and Sangi (Councilors) within the political world until the Nara Period.

• 美濃国の斎藤龍興との戦いのなかで、墨俣一夜城建設に功績を上げた話が有名だが、『武功夜話』などを典拠とするこのエピソードは当時の史料に関係する記述がなく江戸時代の創作であるとする説が強い。
• There is a famous episode that he achieved to construct Sunomata Castle in one night in the middle of the battle with Tatsuoki SAITO of Mino province; this episode was described in 'Buko-yawa' and others, but there is no description of historical data in the document, so it is considered to be a fiction in Edo Period.

• 8代・幟仁親王（1812年-1886年）は、國學院大学の前身である皇典講究所や神道教導職の総裁に任ぜられ、明治天皇、和宮親子内親王の学問師範を務めた功績を以って大勲位菊花大綬章を賜った。
• The eighth successor, Prince Takahito (1812-1886), was ordered to become the president of Koten Kokyu sho (the former Kokugakuin University) and Shinto Kyodo shoku; after teaching Emperor Meiji and Princess Kazuno miya Chikako in various studies, he was given the Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum in recognition of his achievements as a teacher.

• 一方、北イタリア等の都市国家（ヴェネツィア、フィレンツェ等）は共和制ローマの貴族の衣鉢を継いでおり、世襲で元老院議員となる者や、金や功績により新たに元老議員に選ばれた者などが貴族に当たる。
• On the other hand, the Kizoku system in city states in northern Italy (such as Venice and Florence) followed the tradition in republican Rome, and Kizoku consisted of hereditary members of the Chamber of Elders and new members of the Chamber of Elders who were selected by using money or due to their contributions.

• 家長は、平朝昌を討ち取り、敗走した生田森の副将軍三位中将平重衡を須磨区海岸で梶原景季（あるいはその父景時）と共に捕える功績を上げるが、長男である庄頼家が戦死し、家督を継ぐべき直系が絶える。
• Ienaga defeated TAIRA no Tomomasa, and working with Kagesue KAJIWARA (or his father Kagetoki), he captured the beaten vice-shogun or Sanmi no chujo (Junior Third Rank) of Ikuta no mori, TAIRA no Shigehira, however, his oldest son Yoriie SHO was killed in the battle and Ienaga lost the direct line taking over as head of the family.

• その後も平氏討伐や奥州藤原氏の討伐など、頼朝の主要な合戦の大半に参加したが、義時は武勇で名を挙げるよりも、戦後の軍政などを得意とする人物であり、行政面において多数の功績を挙げているのである。
• Thereafter, he participated in most of Yoritomo's major battles, including those that resulted in the Taira and Oshu Fujiwara clans being subjugated, and, on the other hand, rendered many administrative services (Yoshitoki was an expert at post-war military administration rather than making his mark as military prowess).

• 頼康は「桔梗一揆」と呼ばれる土岐氏一族の強力な武士団を有しており、観応の擾乱では征夷大将軍足利尊氏を常に支持して武功があり、その功績によって観応2年（1352年）に尾張国守護職を与えられた。
• Yoriyasu had a strong armed group, called Kikyo ikki (uprising) from the Toki family and always made military contributions and supported for Takauji ASHIKAGA, the Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') during the Kanno Disturbance, so he was awarded Shugoshiki (post of provincial constable) of Owari Province in 1352.

• 大本営陸軍部の大本営組織をつとめる石黒忠悳（軍医総監・陸軍省医務局）や軍医部長の一人森鴎外医学功績と脚気問題から見た再評価（森鴎外）などが科学的根拠がないとして、麦飯の支給に強硬に反対した。
• Tadanori ISHIGURO responsible for the entire system of the Army of the Imperial headquarters (surgeon general of Medical department of Ministry of Army) and one of directors of army surgeons, Ogai MORI and other surgeons were strongly opposed to supplying barley rice; suggesting that reevaluation in view of medical achievements and beriberi Ogai MORI) lacks scientific evidence.

• 時代が下り、松田元澄の代になり応仁元年（1467年）、応仁の乱が起こると東軍の赤松氏方につき、西軍の山名氏の追い落としに功績があり、赤松氏の被官になり、伊福郷の守護代に相当する地位になった。
• In a later period, in 1467 in the time of Motozumi MATSUDA (松田元澄) when the Onin War occurred, he took sides with the Akamatsu clan in the Eastern army, and made a great achievement to clear off the Yamana clan in the Western army, which made him the Akamatsu clan's vassal, in a position equivalent to Shugodai (deputy military governor) in Ifuku-go.

• さしたる手柄はなかったものの戦前の功績を高く評価され土佐国一国・9万8000石（太閤検地時に長宗我部氏が提出した石高、のちに山内氏自身の検地で20万2,600石余の石高を申告）を与えられた。
• Although he didn't make a prominent contribution during the battle, his achievements prior to the fight were highly recognized and he received the Tosa Province worth 98,000 koku (a koku number submitted by the Chosokabe clan at the Taiko-kenchi (the land survey by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI), which was later accounted as 202,600 koku from a land survey by the Yamauchi clan).

• 天平宝字4年（760年）仲麻呂は太師（太政大臣）となり、陸奥守兼鎮守将軍であった朝狩も陸奥国での功績（荒蝦夷を導いて天皇に順化させ、無血で雄勝城を完成させた）が認められ、従四位下に叙される。
• In 760, Nakamaro became Taishi (Grand Minister) and also Asakari, who was the Mutsu Chinju Shogun, was praised for his performance in Mutsu Province (He had constructed Okachinoki Castle without a blow by converting the Araemishi people to the Imperial system) and was given the position of Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade).

• 死後300年以上経た1915年11月に朝廷の財政と対外交渉にあたって朝廷の存続に尽くした功績をもって従一位という破格の贈位が行われたのも、まさに彼の財政手腕と人格の為せる業であったと言える。
• It was his financial skill and personality that allowed him to be granted the incredible rank of Juichii (Junior First Rank) in November, 1915, more than 300 years after his death, for his work dedicated towards continuing the Imperial Court and taking charge of finance and external negotiation.

• 秀吉が多くの功績を立てた孝高に対して、大坂から遠く離れた豊前の中津でわずか12万石しか与えなかった（加藤清正・福島正則ら他の子飼い大名と比べると小封と言える）のも、それを示していると言われる。
• It has been said that the fact that Hideyoshi awarded Yoshitaka, who had numerous achievelents, with the territory of Nakatsu in the Buzen Province far away from Osaka with only 120,000 koku (which seems like a stingy package in comparison to what Hideyoshi gave to the other daimyo such as Kiyosama KATO or Masanori FUKUSHIMA, who had always been with Hideyoshi) proves this.

• これは、大仏の造立に諸々の便宜をはかってきた九条兼実や後白河法皇などの寄進物で、そうしてあつまった仏舎利の総計は、重源の功績を記した『南無阿弥陀仏作善集』によると、八十あまりにもなったという。
• These were offerings from Kanezane KUJO, Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa and other influential figures who gave facilities for construction of the Great Buddha, which totaled to more than eighty according to 'Namu Amidabutsu sazenshu,' the book where Chogen's great achievements are recorded.

• 史料編纂に興味を持ち、天明の大火で失った家伝の再編纂を決意、「奥村家系図」、「千家御好表具并諸色寸法控」乾巻・坤巻を著し、茶道具の様式や、茶会のルールなど、貴重な資料を後世に伝える功績を残す。
• He was interested in compiling historical materials, and decided to recompile the family tradition lost during the Great Fire of Tenmei, writing 'A Family Tree of the Okumura Family' and two volumes of 'A Record of Colors and Sizes of Mounting Preferred by the House of Sen,' producing important historical materials concerning styles of tea utensils and tea party rules for posterity.

• 冠位十二階に組み込まれていなかった、大臣（おおおみ）が身につけていた紫冠が上から5,6番目に置かれ、さらにその上に置かれた冠位の為、朝廷に非常に大きな功績があった功臣のみに送られる冠位であった。
• Taishokkan was bestowed to only meritorious vassals who accomplished great achievements to the Imperial Court since it was placed at a higher cap rank than Murasaki no koburi; Murasaki no koburi had been worn by Oomi (a highest officer in national politics of the Yamato dynasty) and had not been included in the Kan I junikai, but was then demoted to the fifth or sixth from the top.

• また、養父玄随の訳した『西説内科撰要』の増補改訂版を作成し、分泌器官に用いる「腺」や膵臓の「膵」の字など医学用語を作成（字を発見し当てはめたわけではなく造字した）したのも玄真の功績の一つである。
• He also revised and enlarged the 'Seisetsu Naika Senyo' (Selected Points of Western Theories on Internal Medicine) that had been translated by his adoptive father Genzui, and invented new characters for describing medical terms (he did not apply some Chinese characters which had already existed to new concepts, he practically made new characters [although those look like Chinese characters even to Chinese and Japanese]) including '腺' which refers to secretor and '膵' which refers to pancreas; this was one of Genshin's epoch-making achievements.

• 備中兵乱後、一定の功績が毛利氏より認められて備中成羽（鶴首）城主の地位は安堵されたが、備中松山・三村本家の叛乱を諫止できなかった咎を問われ、所領は原封の半分以下といわれる約8千石にまで減封された。
• After the Disturbance of Bicchu, the Mori clan recognized his achievements in some extent and allowed him to remain in the position of lord of Nariwa-jo Castle (Kakushu-jo Castle), but decreased his territory to about 8,000 koku, which was less than half of his original territory, for his failure to prevent the rebellion of the Mimura head family.

• もし参内の功労で通任が叙位されれば、為任の功績をもって通任が賞を受けることとなり、「伊賀の人が（大国の格式を持つとされた）伊勢の人と偽るようなものだ（然伊賀人借伊勢人歟）」と天皇の姿勢を批判した。
• If Michito had been conferred a court rank for his service in sending Seishi to the Imperial Palace, it would have meant that Michito was rewarded for Tameto's achievements, and therefore Michinaga criticized the emperor's stance, saying 'it would be like the people of Iga pretending to be the people of Ise' (which was considered to have the social status of a big province).

• なお薩長同盟については龍馬最大の功績と言われるが、実際には、西郷や小松清廉ら薩摩藩の指示を受けて動いていたという説もあり（青山忠正など）、薩長連合に果たした役割の重要性については評価が分かれている。
• Although Satuma-Choshu Alliance is considered as the Ryoma's major achievement, there is also a theory that Ryoma was in fact instructed by Satsuma clan including SAIGO and Kiyotada KOMATSU to work on the achievement for the Alliance (Tadamasa AOYAMA), and therefore there are divided evaluations over what kind of role Ryoma played for Satsuma-Choshu Alliance.

• しかし山内容堂はそれを遮り、「この会議に、今までの功績がある徳川慶喜を出席させず、意見を述べる機会を与えないのは陰険である。数人の公家が幼い天皇を擁して権力を盗もうとしているだけだ」と論陣を張った。
• But Yodo YAMAUCHI intervened and argued, 'This conference is insidious, not allowing Yoshinobu to participate nor giving him to say, for all the contributions he made until now. This is just a few court nobles' trial to steel the authority backing up an amateur Emperor as their leader.'

• そのため大木は、1880年にいわゆる御雇外国人として明治初期における日本の法学教育や立法などに功績を挙げたフランス人法学者ギュスターヴ・エミール・ボアソナードを中心に新しい民法草案の作成を指示した。
• For that purpose Oki gave an instruction mainly to Gustave Emile BOISSONADE, a French jurist, who made a great contribution to law education and lawmaking in Japan in 1880, to prepare a draft of new Civil Code.

• 近ごろの著述家で、いくつかの点では優れた功績のある人が、この一夫多妻制の共同体にたいして、彼には文明化の退歩と思われるものに終止符を打つため、(彼の言葉を使えば)十字軍ならぬ文明軍を提案しています。
• A recent writer, in some respects of considerable merit, proposes (to use his own words) not a crusade, but a civilizade, against this polygamous community, to put an end to what seems to him a retrograde step in civilization.

• 板垣は日本の民主主義発展に大きな功績を残したが、彼自身は無欲恬淡、金銭欲も淡白でしたたかさがなく（端的に言えば「いい人」）、清濁合わせ呑むことが要求される政治家としては必ずしも有能だったとは言えない。
• While there is no doubt that Itagaki immensely contributed to the growth of Japan's democracy, however, because of his selfless character with no thirst for money and with no wiliness (that is to say, he was simply 'a nice person'), he was not necessarily an adept politician, a profession that requires to be broad-minded enough to deal with all sorts of good and evil.

• 1961年（昭和36）には文化勲章を、1963年（昭和38）には大阪カテドラル聖マリア大聖堂 に壁画『栄光の聖母マリア』を描いた功績によりローマ教皇ヨハネス23世より聖シルベストロ文化第一勲章を受章した。
• He was decorated with the Order of Culture in 1961 and, in 1963, received the Order of St. Sylvester from Pope John the 23rd in recognition of his work, 'The Glories of Virgin Mary' Murals, in the Grand Cathedral of Virgin Mary of Osaka.

• 特に1942年の翼賛政治会結成には重要な役割を果たし（衆議院の政党とは違い、貴族院の会派は解散を求められなかった）、この功績で東條内閣以後貴族院廃止までの全ての内閣に研究会からの入閣者を出すことになった。
• Kenkyukai played an important role in the formation of Yokusanseijikai in 1942 (unlike political parties in the House of Representative, factions in the House of Peers were not asked to dissolve), and due to the contribution, Kenkyukai sent its members into all the cabinets after TOJO Cabinet till the abolition of the House of Peers.

• 武断派の武将たちは、今まで数々の戦場（特に文禄・慶長の役）で、大きな戦功を立てたたものが多かった（これが武断派の名称の由来となった）が、その功績に比して政権の中枢で大きな地位を占めているとはいえなかった。
• Although most military commanders of the Budan-ha were the ones who rendered distinguished services in a number of battle fields (especially in the Bunroku-Keicho War) (their name 'Budan' meaning resorting to military means came from this fact), they could not be said to have had high positions in the center of the administration.

• 天福 (日本)2年（1235年）には宣旨を受けていない安倍家氏が客星出現を知らせた功績で天文博士に補されるという本来の天文博士が天文密奏を行うのとは逆の事例も生じている（『明月記』文暦2年3月26日条）。
• There was an incident quite contrary to the usual cases in which tenmon hakase conducted tenmon misso (Article on April 22, 1235 of 'Meigetsuki (Chronicle of the Bright Moon) ') : in 1235, one member of the Abe clan who had not received an imperial decree was appointed as tenmon hakase for his distinguished service in reporting temporarily appearing stars.

• 戊辰戦争の際には、すでに鳥羽伏見の戦いの時点で薩摩藩兵とともに東寺や大津を守備するなど、最初から勤王の姿勢を示しており、近藤勇を逮捕する手柄を立てるなど実戦での功績も評価され、賞典禄2万石を与えられている。
• From the beginning of the Boshin War, the Ii Family showed their loyalty to the Emperor by guarding To-ji Temple and the town of Otsu with soldiers of the Satsuma clan at the Battle of Toba-Fushimi and, having achieved great success with the arrest of Isami KONDO, were rewarded with territory worth 20,000 koku.

• 「宗円の功績」について後年になって当事者である永谷家や山本家（山本山）の記した文献以外に、当時の客観的資料が見いだせない以上、業界の宣伝のためとはいえ、伝承を安易に史実としてしまうことはさけるべきであろう。
• As far as we cannot find any objective materials at that time on 'Soen's achievement' other than what was recorded later by the Nagatani family or the Yamamoto family (Yamamotoyama), taking mere lore as historical fact should be avoided, even to be used as propaganda for industrial purposes.

• 一、何ら功績もあげていない信盛らの気持ちを推し量るに石山本願寺を大敵と考え、戦もせず、調略もせず、ただ城の守りを堅めておれば、幾年かもすればゆくゆく信長の威光によって引き下がるであろうという見通しだったのか。
• 2. If I guess what Nobumori is thinking about, who has not accomplished anything, you might be thinking that Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple is a great enemy and that it will withdraw under Nobunaga's power in a few years even if you do not fight a battle or conceive a stratagem and if you just protect the castle.

• その功績は海外で特に評価が高く、平成11年（1999年）にはアメリカ合衆国の雑誌『ライフ (雑誌)』の企画「この1000年で最も重要な功績を残した世界の人物100人」で、日本人としてただ一人、ランクインした。
• His great achievement is highly evaluated, especially abroad, and he was the only Japanese who was ranked among 'the world 100 people who made one of the most important achievements in this 1,000 years' in 'Life,' a U.S. magazine, in 1999.

• 明治28年（1895年）、「戦死者贈位並叙位ノ件」が制定されたのに伴い、功績抜群なる軍人が戦死した場合は生前の位階に関わらず従五位以上を贈るものとし、準ずるものは生前の位階を一級ないし二級特進させることとした。
• Since 'Senshisha zoi narabi joi no ken' (Matter for conferring and investiture of court ranks to those who died in the war) was enacted in 1895, when a military man with distinguished performance died in a war, Jugoi or higher was bestowed irrespective of the rank before his death, and those pursuant would receive an accelerated promotion by one or two ranks higher to the rank held before death.

• 上記の挽歌、高市皇子の長男・長屋王の邸宅跡から発見された「長屋親王宮鮑大贄十編」の木簡、政治情勢、壬申の乱における功績、母の実家の勢力、莫大な資産などから彼が天皇であったという説もあるが、はっきりとはしていない。
• Due to the factors including the existence of the above Banka, Mokukan (narrow, long, and thin pieces of wood strung together that were used to write on in ancient times) of 'Palace of Prince Nagaya, offering ten pieces of abalone' which was found at the ancient site of the residence of Prince Nagaya, political situations, great achievements in the Jinshin War, the power of his mother's family and huge assets, some say he was Emperor, but not certain.

• 長年宮中で内供奉を務め、天徳 (日本)4年（960年）に内裏が焼失した直後には毘沙門天を修するなど功績も多く、康保2年（965年）には権律師・法性寺座主に、翌年には律師に任じられたため「護念院律師」とも称された。
• As he achieved many results while he served as naigubu (a special monk who holds a position in the Imperial court) for a long time, such as the restoration of Bishamonten Statue after Dairi Palace was destroyed by fire in 960, he was appointed in 965 to Gon-risshi (generally in Shingon sect, fifteenth-ranking Buddhist priest, literally, 'supernumerary master of discipline'), head priest of Hossho-ji Temple and risshi (the third rank of priest following Sojo and Sozu) in the following year and therefore, he was also called 'Gonen-in risshi.'

• 明治維新に功績のあった人物を元勲と呼ぶが、彼らが明治新政府において長期間に渡って事実上政治を牽引していたことから、主にマスコミ周辺から誕生した略称だと言われている（長老元勲→元勲老→元老、もしくは元勲諸老の略）。
• The persons who contributed to the Meiji restoration significantly were called genkun, and it is said that this term was an abbreviation created mainly by mass media, because they virtually led the politics in the new Meiji government for a long period (Choro-genkun (senior Genkun) -> Genkun-ro (old Genkun) -> Genro, or an abbreviation of Genkun-shoro (senior Genkun persons).

• 明治17年（1884年）、維新以来の功績によって伯爵を授かり、翌年からは内閣制度開始とともに閣外に去って宮中顧問官、ついで枢密顧問官をつとめ、この間、大正天皇・恒久王妃昌子内親王・北白川房子の養育係主任でもあった。
• He was elevated to the title of hakushaku (count) in 1884 because of his achievements since the Restoration, and in the following year, with the commencement of the cabinet system, left the cabinet to work as an imperial court councillor and later privy councillor where he educated the Emperor Taisho, Imperial Princess Masako and Imperial Princess Fusako.

• 皇室に対して功績があった者に対して、天皇が菊紋や桐紋を下賜されることは度々あり、一説には承久の乱の際、後鳥羽上皇が鎌倉幕府倒幕の志士達に対して、愛好していた菊の紋を彫刻した刀を賜与されたことが発端ともいわれている。
• Emperors often gave Kiku-mon and Kiri-mon to persons who contributed much to the imperial family, which is said to originate from the historical event where the Retired Emperor Gotoba gave his favorite sword on which Kiku-mon was mounted to loyal supporters who tried to overthrow the Kamakura bakufu at the time of Jokyu no ran.

• 『吾妻鏡』によれば、承久3年（1221年）に起きた承久の乱において、北条泰時（鎌倉幕府）軍に従い、山城国の宇治橋合戦で、庄四郎と共に敵を一人ずつ生け捕る功績を上げるが、この戦で兄の一人である三郎忠家が戦死している。
• According to the 'Azuma Kagami (Mirror of Eastern Japan; historical account of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun))' Hirokata participated in the War of Jokyu (attempt by the Retired Emperor Gotoba to overthrow the Kamakura bakufu) in 1221 on the side of Yasutoki HOJO (the Kamakura bakufu); Hirokata showed an achievement that he himself and his brother Shiro SHO each captured one enemy alive at the Battle of Uji-bashi Bridge of Yamashiro Province, while one of their brothers Saburo Tadaie was killed in that battle.

• 若狭武田氏は安芸武田氏4代武田信繁 (室町時代)の長男である武田信栄が、室町幕府6代将軍足利義教の命を受けて1440年（永享12年）に若狭守護職・一色義貫を誅殺した功績により若狭守護職を任命されたことによって始まる。
• The history of the Wakasa-Takeda clan dates back to the time when Nobuhide TAKEDA, the eldest son of the fourth head of the Aki-Takeda clan Nobushige TAKEDA (Muromachi period), was appointed to shugo of Wakasa Province after he killed in 1440 the shugo of Wakasa Province Yoshitsura ISSHIKI at the behest of the sixth shogun of Muromachi bakufu Yoshinori ASHIKAGA.

• 芸風は、立役の後継者に恵まれなかった六代目菊五郎のそれをよく受継ぎ、尾上梅幸 (7代目)、市川左團次 (3代目)、市村羽左衛門 (17代目)らとともに菊五郎劇団を支え、菊吉時代の歌舞伎を伝えることに大きな功績があった。
• His style was that of Kikugoro (VI) who was not blessed with a successor to the lead roles, and along with Baiko ONOE (VII), Sadanji ICHIKAWA (III) and Uzaemon ICHIMURA (XVII) they formed the Kikugoro Theater and successfully transmitted the kabuki skills of Kikuyoshi's age.

• また、天福 (日本)2年（1235年）には宣旨を受けていない安倍家氏が客星出現を知らせた功績で天文博士に補されるという本来の天文博士が天文密奏を行うのとは逆の事例も生じている（『明月記』文暦二年3月26日 (旧暦)条）。
• In 1234, there was a case contrary to the general rule such as that ABE no Ieuji -- who had not received the senji (imperial decree) -- reported on the appearance of a guest star, and was appointed to tenmon hakase in recognition of the services (the entry of 'Meigetsuki' [the diary of FUJIWARA no Sadaie] for April 22, 1235).

• けれども、アカイア人とアエトリア人が功績あったといって、その勢力を増大させることを許容してもらえることはありませんでしたし、ピリッポスを一度叩きつぶしてからでないと、彼の求めに応じて友好関係を結ぶことはありませんでした。
• yet the merits of the Achaeans and Aetolians never secured for them permission to increase their power, nor did the persuasions of Philip ever induce the Romans to be his friends without first humbling him,

• さらにいわゆる地下家の中でも殊に家格が高かった押小路家、壬生家の2家、及び公家出身で明治維新に功績のあった玉松操の子孫である玉松家（閑院流出身）、太宰府天満宮宮司で高辻家傍流とされる西高辻家にも特に男爵が与えられている。
• Furthermore, the following families received the title of Baron: the Oshikoji family and the Mibu family, whose social standings were particularly high among the Jige-ke (family status of non-noble retainers who are not allowed into the Emperor's living quarters in the imperial palace); the Tamamasu family (Kanin-ryu, one of the Fujiwara faction); the descendants of Misao TAMAMATSU, who was from court nobility and made a great contribution to the Meiji Restoration; and the Nishitakatsuji family, who served as Guji (chief of those who serve shrines, control festivals and general affairs) of Dazaifu Tenman-gu Shrine and who were a branch family of the Takatsuji family.

• 長禄2年（1458年）、赤松家旧臣である石見太郎、丹生屋帯刀、上月満吉らの尽力で後南朝から神爾を奪回した功績により、9月に赤松一族である政則の家督相続が許され、政則は加賀国半国の守護大名として赤松家を再興することとなった。
• Masanori, a member of the Akamatsu family, was allowed the succession to the head position in a family in October with his achievement that he recovered a sacred jewel from Gonan-cho (Second Southern Court) through the good offices of the Akamatsu family's old retainers such as Taro IWAMI, Tatewaki NYUYA and Yoshimitsu KOZUKI in 1458 and then Masanori began to revive the Akamatsu family as a shugo daimyo in a half of Kaga Province.

• 奈良時代に書かれた『続日本紀』には、天平宝字2年（758年）に淳仁天皇が藤原仲麻呂に恵美押勝の名を与えたときに、藤原氏の功績を称えて「近江大津宮の内大臣より（中略）君十帝をへて年ほとんど一百」と勅で述べたことが記されている。
• 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued) written in the Nara period says that when Emperor Junnin gave the name of EMI no Oshikatsu to FUJIWARA no Nakamaro in 758, the emperor praised the Fujiwara clan for their achievements by stating in the imperial order, 'almost a hundred years from the days of the Minister of the Center at Imperial Palace Omi Otsu no Miya (omitted) through the reigns of ten emperors.'

• これにより、男系の後継者がいない有栖川宮家は皇室典範の定めによって断絶が確定したが、威仁親王の教育を受け、身分を越えて親王を慕っていた大正天皇は有栖川宮家の維新以降の功績を特に慮り、第三皇子の宣仁親王にその祭祀を継承させた。
• After his death, following the Imperial Family Law, it was decided for the Arisugawa no Miya family to be discontinued as there was no male successor in the family, Emperor Taisho who was taught by Imperial Prince Takehito and was fond of him although there was a difference in social standing, the Emperor considered the achievements of the Arisugawa no Miya family especially after the restoration, he let the third Prince, Imperial Prince Nobuhito succeed to the ritual of the family.

• 元暦2年（1185年）の屋島の戦いでは、平氏方の軍船に掲げられた扇子の的を射落とすなど功績を挙げ、源頼朝より丹波国・信濃国など五カ国に荘園を賜った（丹後国五賀荘・若狭国東宮荘・武蔵国太田荘・信濃国角豆荘・備中国後月郡荏原荘）。
• In the Battle of Yashima in 1185, his achievement was so great that, with a single arrow, he dropped a folding fan as an aim hoisted onto the Taira clan's gunsen (battleship); consequently, he was rewarded with manors in five Provinces, including Tanba Province and Shinano Province from MINAMOTO no Yoritomo (Goka-no-sho manor in Tanba Province, Togu-no-sho manor in Wakasa Province, Ota-no-sho manor in Musashi Province, Sasage-no-sho manor in Shinano Province and Ebara-no-sho manor in Shitsuki County in Bichu Province)

• 2008年（平成20年）3月11日、日本政府は閣議に於いて市川に対し、彼の長年の映画界への貢献及び日本文化の発展に尽くした功績を評価し、逝去した2008年2月13日に遡って正四位に叙すると共に、旭日重光章を授与することを決定した。
• Evaluating his achievement for contribution to the film industry for many years and for the development of Japanese culture, the Japanese government on March 11, 2008 decided to award him the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Star as well as Shoshii (Senior Fourth Rank) retroactively to February 13, 2008 when he died.

• では実際の宗円の功績は何であるかというと、「宇治茶の産地」であった宇治田原の茶を、当時の大消費地であった江戸での直販ルートを開拓したことであり、それが現在の通信販売を中心とした全国展開される茶の販売網の礎を築くことになったのである。
• Soen's actual achievement was the pioneering of a direct sales route for tea of Ujitawara, which was a 'place of production of Uji tea' to Edo, which was a great consumption place at that time and led to establishment of the foundation of nationwide sales network for tea centering upon a mail order system.

• 高次の子である京極忠高は、大坂の役での功績により、室町時代、京極氏の旧領であった出雲国隠岐国二十六万四千石へと加増されるが、嫡子の無いまま急死し、末期養子の京極高和は播磨国龍野藩六万石へと減封、さらに讃岐国丸亀藩六万石へと転封となる。
• Takatsugu's son Tadataka KYOGOKU's koku was increased to 264,000 koku of Izumo and Oki Provinces that were the Kyogoku clan's old territories, because of the great achievement in the Osaka wars, but Tadataka suddenly died without an heir, and his matsugo yoshi (adopted as a son on his deathbed) Takakazu KYOGOKU's koku was decreased to the Tasuno domain of Harima Province with 60,000 koku, and was further transferred to the Marugame domain of Sanuki Province with 60,000 koku.

• 遠州の通り名は慶長13年（1608年）駿府城修築の功績によって遠江守に任ぜられたことによるが、これ以外に後陽成天皇御所造営、名古屋城天守閣の修築、松山城 (備中国)の再建など、各地で建物の新造・修繕を務め建築家・造園家として名を馳せた。
• Masakazu's style came to be called Enshu because he was appointed Totomi no kami (the Governor of Totomi (Enshu) Province) due to his achievement in rebuilding Sunpu Castle in 1608; however, he also gained renown as an architect of buildings and gardens, in which capacity he built and restored buildings around Japan, including the building of the Imperial Palace for Emperor Goyozei, the restoration of Tenshukaku Tower at Nagoya Castle and the reconstruction of Matsuyama Castle in Bicchu Province.

• 頼朝の没後、子の弥太郎長経が二代将軍源頼家の近習であった事から、比企能員の変に連座して処罰されたため一時小笠原氏は没落するが、承久の乱で東山道の大将軍の一人として「七ケ国管領」となり功績を挙げ、承久3年（1221年）に阿波国守護となる。
• After Yoritomo died, Nagakiyo was implicated in the Rebellion of Yoshikazu HIKI and accordingly he was punished because his son had been an attendant of the second Shogun MINAMOTO no Yoriie, and owing to this incident, the Ogasawara clan fell at one time, but he became the 'deputy of the seven provinces' as one of the Daishogun (commander in chief) of Tosando and made a great contribution to the Jokyu War, and thanks to this achievement he became the Awa no kuni shugo (provincial constable of Awa Province) in 1221.

• 慶長5年（1600年）関ヶ原合戦後の長宗我部家改易の際に残った財務処理に手腕を発揮し、さらに一揆の鎮圧にも功績があったため、慶長7年（1602年）に徳川家康に山城国綴喜郡に500石を給されて旗本として取り立てられ、家康の御伽衆となった。
• In 1600, after the cession of the Battle of Sekigahara, he presented tact in handling financial affairs for the deprival of the Chosokabe family property, and he also showed great performance in the suppress uprising, for which Ieyasu TOKUGAWA awarded him 500 koku at Tsuzuki County, Yamashiro Province, as the Hatamoto (direct retainer of the shogun) and advisor to Ieyasu.

• 昭和14年 (1939年) 『日本庭園史図鑑』26巻を上梓して庭園史研究の基礎を築き、また昭和51年 (1976年) には息子の重森完途と共に『日本庭園史大系』全33巻 (別巻2巻) を完成させるなど庭園史研究家としても多大な功績を残した。
• He published twenty-six volumes of 'Nihon Teienshi Zukan' (Illustrated guide to the history of Japanese gardens) in 1939, and built the foundation of his research on the history of gardens, and completed the thirty-three volumes (two extra volumes) of 'Nihon Teienshi Taikei' (A historical overview of Japanese Gardens) along with his son, Kanto SHIGEMORI in 1976, and made huge achievements as a researcher into the history of gardens.

• そしてさらにその場にあったモモの木から実をもぎ取ってを投げつけることで黄泉の醜女を追い払っており、このときの功績によって桃は「オオカムスビノミコト」という神名を賜り、「これからも（今私にしてくれたように）困った人を助けておくれ」と命じられた。
• Moreover, he drove off the shikome of Yomi by pelting them with peaches he took from a tree growing on that spot, so he gave the peach the divine name 'Ookamusubi no mikoto', saying 'May you ever protect those in need (just as you have done for me now).'

• 口分田の他の田には、五位以上の者へ班給された位田、天皇から特別に与えられた賜田、特に功績を残した者に与えられた功田、官職に応じて班給された職田、仏教寺院の維持運営にあてられた寺田、神社の維持運営にあてられた神田、以上の班給の残りの乗田があった。
• Types of field other than kubunden were fields given to those at the Fifth Rank or above, fields given specially by the emperor, fields given to those who did meritorious deeds for the state, fields allotted according to government post, fields given to temples for maintenance and operation costs, fields given to shrines for maintenance and operation costs, and fields left over after allotment of the above.

• 戦後では、栄典や顕彰・表彰・人事考課などという概念が一般的となり、公的に恩賞の概念は用いられないが、政権獲得や内閣成立に功績のあった与党政治家の重要役職への就任や入閣があった場合に、論功行賞人事や恩賞人事と揶揄される場合に用いられることもある。
• After the War the notions of honor, public recognition, commendation, and performance review have become common and the concept of onsho (rewards) has not been publicly used, however, when ruling-party politicians who rendered service in the formation of the government or cabinet are appointed to important posts or enter the cabinet, this is sometime ridiculed as onsho or reward-oriented appointments.

• この他、奈良中期の政治実権を握った恵美押勝（藤原仲麻呂）、道鏡の天皇即位を阻止した和気清麻呂、平将門を討伐した藤原秀郷、平氏政権を確立した平清盛、その平氏政権を倒して鎌倉幕府を開いた源頼朝などが、その功績により功田を給与されたと記録に残されている。
• In addition to them, it is recorded that Koden was granted for the great achievements to EMI no Oshikatsu (FUJIWARA no Nakamaro) who assumed the real political power during the middle of the Nara period, WAKE no Kiyomaro who prevented Dokyo from acceding to the throne, FUJIWARA no Hidesato who defeated TAIRA no Masakado, TAIRA no Kiyomori who established the Taira clan government, MINAMOTO no Yoritomo who defeated the Taira clan government and established the Kamakura bakufu, and others.

• 延元3年/暦応元年（1338年）、後醍醐天皇らを吉野に追った尊氏が、京で持明院統の光明天皇から征夷大将軍に任ぜられ室町幕府が開かれると、道誉は功績を評され引付衆、評定衆、政所、近江国、飛騨国、出雲国、若狭国、上総国、摂津国の守護を務めることとなる。
• In 1338 when Takauji, who expelled Emperor Godaigo and others to Yoshino, was appointed to Shogun by Emperor Komyo of the Jimyoin Line in Kyoto and the Muromachi bakufu was opened, Doyo's contribution was recognized and he took the positions of Hikitsukeshu (trial officers), Hyojoshu (Council of State), Mandokoro (the Office of Administration), and Shugo (military governor) of Omi, Hida, Izumo, Wakasa, Kazusa, and Settsu Provinces.

• その後有馬豊氏は更に大坂の役においてもその功績を認められ、久留米藩へと国替を命ぜられこの地を去り替わって小堀政一や遠国奉行伏見奉行などによって統治されるようになるが、以降この地を統治していた領主は国替えや改易によってたびたび交代がなされるようになった。
• Subsequently, after Toyouji ARIMA whose achievement in the Siege of Osaka was also recognized, he was ordered to move to the Kurume clan left Fukuchiyama, and in stead, the local magistrate, Masakazu KOBORI, and the Fushimi City magistrate, ruled the area; however, thereafter, Fukuchiyama went through a constant change of rulers due to transfer or forfeiture under the penal rules.

• 菊紋を授かることは名誉かつ光栄なことであったが、主に下賜された家紋は替紋とされていた桐紋と言われ、天皇より任命された摂政・関白・征夷大将軍・太政大臣など統治者らは統治者の行う政策などに於いて功績を残した家来や大名などに、桐紋を贈与することもあったという。
• It was glorious and honorable to be given Kiku-mon and it is said that the Kamon which was given was mainly Kiri-mon of Kae-mon, and some rulers such as Sessho (regent, regency), Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor), Seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') and Daijo-daijin (Grand Minister) gave Kiri-mon to their followers who contributed much to their policies.

• 明治に入ってからキリスト教解禁されたとは言え、まだ市井には「耶蘇」と蔑まれ、「子どもの生き胆を喰う」「良からぬ魔法を使う」などと言われていた時代であったが、精力的に伝道を行い、特に静岡県や山梨県方面でのキリスト教布教に功績があったことは確かな模様である。
• Even though the practice of Christianity was legalized once the Meiji Period began, it was a period when cities despised Christianity as 'yaso' (slang for Christianity) and claimed that Christians 'eat the liver of living children' or 'use bad magic.' Despite this, he devoted himself to missionary works and actually helped to spread Christianity especially in the areas of Shizuoka and Yamanashi Prefectures.

• 金村は継体天皇を迎え入れた功績があり、また任那の運営を任されており、武烈、継体、安閑天皇、宣化天皇、欽明天皇の5代にわたって大連を務めたが、欽明天皇の時代に百済へ任那4県を割譲したことの責任を問われ失脚し、摂津国住吉郡(現大阪市住吉区帝塚山)の邸宅に篭る。
• Kanamura was credited with the reception of Emperor Keitai, was appointed to govern Mimana, and was serving as Oomuraji during the reigns of 5 different emperors--Emperors Buretsu, Keitai, Ankan, Senka and Kinmei but, upon being ousted from power on the accusation of ceding 4 prefectures within Minama to Kudara in the reign of Kinmei, he hid himself in his home in Sumiyoshi County, Settsu Province (present-day Tedzukayama, Sumiyoshi Ward, Osaka City).

• 三条家（三条実美の功績）、岩倉家（岩倉具視の功績）、島津家（旧鹿児島藩家）、毛利家（旧長州藩家）の4家がこれにあたり、後年侯爵から陞爵した西園寺家（西園寺公望の功績）、徳大寺家（徳大寺実則の功績）、水戸徳川家（徳川篤敬の功績）の3家もこれに含めて考えられる。
• It includes four families of Sanjo (due to the achievement of Sanetomi SANJO), Iwakura (due to the achievement of Tomomi IWAKURA), Shimazu (of the former Kagoshima Domain) and Mori (of the former Choshu Domain), and in addition three more families of Saionji which were later promoted from the rank of Marquis (due to the achievement of Kinmochi SAIONJI), Tokudaiji (due to the achievement of Sanetsune TOKUDAIJI) and Mito-Tokugawa (due to the achievement of Atsuyoshi TOKUGAWA).

• 日本海海戦でバルチック艦隊を破って後、山村で隠棲していた彼の遺族を私邸に招き、「日本海海戦で勝利を得たのは、（小栗上野介が生前に建造した）横須賀造船所で艦隊の十分な補給と整備を受けることができたからである」と故人の功績を称え、感謝の言葉を惜しまなかったという。
• Destroying the Russian Baltic Fleet in the Battle of Tsushima, Togo invited Oguri's bereaved family who lived in a remote village to his private residence to praise Oguri's distinguished service (Oguri had built the Yokosuka Dockyard for future Japan before his death) and to express his deep gratitude to them, saying, 'The Yokosuka Dockyard was able to provide enough supplies and maintenance for the Combined Fleet, which brought us victory in the Battle of Tsushima.'

• どちらにせよ、折檻状は命を惜しんで隠棲するか命を懸けて功績を挙げ挽回するかという道を選ばせており、少なくとも追放されたのは信盛自身が選択したことで信長自身が問答無用で追放したのではないことを考慮する必要がある（ちなみに前田利家は功績を挙げて挽回したくちである）。
• Anyway, the letter let Nobumori choose to either go into seclusion for the remainder of his life or regain his honor by making achievements at the risk of his life, and so the banishment was his choice and it should be taken into account that Nobunaga did not banish him without any choices (Toshiie MAEDA regained his honor by making an achievement).

• 徳望衆に秀で人格見識共に勝れ多年奉仕神社の県営に神徳の発揚に力をいたし老齢に達する迄神社界の先覚として終始一貫斯道の為に貢献し功績抜群なる者(表彰規程第2条第3号)に対し授与される功績状を授与された者に対し、長老の敬称を贈ることとなっている(長老に関する規程)。
• Well-respected people of virtue, wisdom, and kind personalities who have worked hard for many years in managing a shrine, until by the time they reach old age they have rendered distinguished service and stand as pioneers of Shinto society, are awarded certificates of achievement (as stipulated in the third clause of Article Two in the Regulations on Commendation) and given the honorific title of Choro (according to thte Regulations on Choro).

• 現存する養老律令の田令第5条（功田条）では、功績の大きさによって勲功者を大功・上功・中功・下功の四等に区分した上で、大功は功田を永久に世襲、上功は3世（曾孫）まで相続、中功は2世（孫）まで相続、下功は子まで相続、と各区分ごとに相続できる子孫の範囲が定められていた。
• The existing Yoro Ritsuryo Code stipulated in its provisions of Denryo (rice field law) Article 5, Article of Koden, that those who did meritorious deeds would be divided into four classes of Daiko, Joko, Chuko, and Geko according to the degree of their achievements from top to bottom, and that Daiko would be granted inheritance of their Koden generation to generation forever, Joko for three generations (down to great-grandchildren), Chuko for two generations (down to grandchildren), and Geko only to their children.

• また価値観の転換や中世史の研究の進歩で、足利尊氏の功績を評価したり、楠木正成は「悪党」としての性格が研究されるようになり、後醍醐天皇の建武の新政は宋学の影響で中華皇帝的な天皇独裁を目指す革新的なものであるなど、南北朝時代に関しても新たな認識がなされるようになった。
• Also, with changes in values and progress in medieval history research, new views regarding the Nanbokucho period such as re-evaluating the achievements of Takauji ASHIKAGA, researching aspects of Masanori KUSUNOKI as an 'Akuto' (rebel), and establishing that Emperor Godaigo's Kenmu Restoration was influenced by Sung-period neo-Cunfucianism and was revolutionary because he aimed for a dictatorship, like a Chinese emperor, have come forth.

• 今日マウリッツは軍制改革の父と呼ばれているが、その功績は射撃法ではなく、それを達成する為の猛烈且つ間断なき訓練が、寄せ集め傭兵の集合体であった当時の軍隊を一種の帰属意識に基づく団結心を持った集団に変え得る予期外の効果を持つという事を発見したという点が評価されている。
• Today Maurice is called the father of the reformation of the military system, but his achievement lies not in the shooting method, but in the discovery that hard and incessant practices to attain a goal could change the armies in those days, which were aggregations of mercenaries, into a body whose members had a team spirit based on a sense of belonging and were effective beyond expectation, which was highly evaluated.

• その後天平16年（744年）聖武天皇の皇女・井上内親王（いのえのひめみこ）を妃としたことからにわかに昇進が早くなり、天平宝字6年（762年）に中納言となり、藤原仲麻呂の乱の鎮圧に功績を挙げて孝謙天皇称徳天皇の信任を受けて天平神護2年（766年）には大納言に昇進した。
• Later he married the Imperial princess Inoe, the princess of Emperor Shomu, in 744, and suddenly he had a lot of chances to be promoted and in 762, he became Chunagon (vice-councilor of state) and he made a great achievement to put down the Rebellion of Fujiwara no Nakamaro and won the trust of Emperor Koken/Emperor Shotoku and was promoted to Dainagon (chief councilor of state) in 766.

• 島津家がこの泗川の戦いで明軍を撃退して味方の組織的な撤退を可能にしたこと、また直後の露梁海戦で小西軍の脱出を可能にした(その際に、朝鮮水軍大将李舜臣を討取った)という功績は五大老達から高く評価されており、島津家は文禄・慶長の役に参加した諸大名で唯一の加増に預かった。
• Gotairo (Council of Five Elders) highly regarded the fine deeds of the Shimazu family, who defeated the Ming army and permitted the systematic retreat of its allies and assisted an escape of the Konishi army in the Battle of Noryang (they killed Korean Marine General Yi Sun-sin in the process) which occurred soon after, and the Shimazu family was the only one that was awarded with the estate among various daimyo that participated in the Bunroku-Keicho War.

• 義弘は将軍家からの御恩の深さを感謝しながらも、今川了俊に従軍しての九州での戦い、明徳の乱、南北朝合一、少弐氏退治での自らの功績を述べ、それにも関わらず将軍家は和泉国と紀伊国を取り上げようとし、また先年の少弐氏との戦いで討ち死にした弟の満弘の子への恩賞がない不満を述べる。
• Yoshihiro said that he remained grateful for the deep favor the shogunal family had bestowed on him, but also listed his own accomplishments in the battles in Kyushu joining forces with Ryoshun IMAGAWA, in the Meitoku rebellion, in unifying the Southern and Northern Courts, and in the annihilation of the Shoni family before pointing out his dissatisfaction that despite these deeds, the Ashikaga family was trying to remove Izumi and Kii Provinces from his governance, and the fact that his nephew, the son of his younger brother Mitsuhiro - who had died in battle during the recent campaign against the Shoni family - had received no reward for his father's service.

• また初陣での奮戦から、兄義弘・弟家久と並び島津家の多くの合戦に参加し、横川城攻め(横川崩れ)、大口市堂ヶ崎における義弘救出戦、大隅国小浜城 (大隅国)攻め、伊東氏攻め、耳川の戦い、第二次水俣城攻め、豊後国入りでの義弘が指揮した肥後口側の軍勢の副将などが主な功績として挙げられる。
• He is also known as a warrior who participated in many wars from his first battle with his older brother Yoshihiro and younger brother Iehisa, followed by well-known contributions he made to the Siege of Yokokawa-jo castle attack (called Yokokawa-jo seme or Yokokawa kuzure), Yoshihiro's rescue mission, the Siege of Obama-jo castle in the Osumi Province, the Siege of Ito clan, the Battle of the Mimikawa, the Siege of the second Minamata-jo castle, and vice-shogun in the war force of the Higoguchi side led by Yoshihiro in the Bungo Province.

• 日本の近代に於ける栄典制度は主に位階・勲章・爵位が挙げられるが、他に麝香間祗候・錦鶏間祗候や宮中顧問官のように特別な官職につく例や元老と称される元勲優遇、内閣総理大臣・枢密院議長を経験した者になされる前官礼遇の様に待遇に関する物、勲章に準ずる賜杯（賞杯）、特に功績のあった臣下に賜る勅語・国葬が挙げられる。
• Japanese Eiten system in modern times mainly included Ikai, decorations and peerages, but in some cases, it also included the following: special posts, such as Jako no ma shiko (emperor's personal attendant in the Jako room), Kinkei-no-ma shiko (Kinkei Hall attendant) and an imperial court councilor; the preference to veteran statesmen called Genro (elder statesman); the courteous reception of the previous post given to a person who used to be a prime minister or a Chairman of the Privy Council; an Emperor's cup (prize cup) based on a decoration; and the imperial rescript and the state funeral for a minister who especially had a great achievement.

• 以後、内大臣には主として摂関家の若手公卿に摂政・関白就任資格を付与するための任命、宿老もしくは功績多大な公卿に対する礼遇のための任命、単に筆頭大納言に相当する公卿への待遇が「3番目の大臣（太政大臣を除く）」に改められた任命、武家政権の長あるいはそれに次ぐ地位の者に対して与えられる任命の4つに分けられるようになる。
• After that, appointments to Naidaijin mostly fell into the following four categories: appointments given to young nobles from the Sekkan-ke (the families which produced regents), which would qualify them to become Sessho Kanpaku (regent and chief adviser to the Emperor); appointments given as a reward to a shukuro (chief vassal) or noble with significant achievements; appointments given simply as a plum job for nobles at the level of head dainagon (a chief councilor of state) who would then become the 'third Minister' (with the exception of the Daijo-daijin [grand minister of state]); or appointments given to the head of the samurai government or in a position to succeed him.

• 「黒歯国」は台湾であるとし、台湾は古代には百済の勢力圏に含まれたとする論や、魏志倭人伝を典拠に「黒歯国」は倭国（日本）の南にあった国で、黒歯常之の祖先は、倭国を平定し、その東南にあった「黒歯国」まで百済の勢力圏に含まれていたとし、それらの平定の功績から領地として黒歯の地が黒歯常之の祖先に与えられたとする論などがある。
• Some people say that the 'Kokushi-koku' must be present-day Taiwan, which used to be a part of Baekje's territory in ancient times, and others say that, based on the Gishiwajinden (literally, an 'Account of the Wa' in 'The History of the Wei Dynasty'), the 'Kokushi-koku' must have been a country located to the south of Wakoku (Japan) and ancestors of Joshi KOKUSHI were given one of the Baekje's territories, 'Kokushi-koku,' that was located to the southeast of Wakoku, as a reward for their conquering of Wakoku.