力: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 視力発達
- refractive development
- UA能力の登録
- UA capabilities registration
- 寺院勢力への対応
- The correspondence with the Temple forces
- 筆力は雄健である。
- The brush strokes are powerful.
- 得宗家による権力独占
- The Tokuso Family's Monopoly of Power
- 蔵書能力は約11万冊。
- The capacity of the library is about 110,000 books.
- 関西電力の風力発電計画
- The wind power generation plan by The Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc.
- 安倍氏の勢力は失われた。
- The Abe clan lost its power.
- 企業支配または経営発言力
- The power to control the business or influence management
- 鬼力の由良川夏祭り(8月)
- Kiryoku no Yuragawa Natsu-matsuri Summer Festival in August
- 定綱は淀城の築城に尽力した。
- Sadatsuna worked on the construction of Yodo Castle.
- 兵力的には天皇方が優勢であった。
- In terms of military force, the Emperor's side had the advantage.
- 財政力指数:0.48(17年度)
- Financial capability index: 0.48 (as of the fiscal year 2005)
- 愛宕山武司 - 元大相撲の力士。
- ATAGOYAMA Takeshi - former grand sumo tournament player
- 既存仏教勢力や貴族勢力に距離を置く
- it is also said that, distancing the capital from the established groups of Buddhist monks and nobles,
- 不可侵な国家統治の権力としての主権
- Sovereign power as a sacred national governing authority
- 勢力の衰退と沼田・竹原両小早川の統合
- Decline of power and Integration of the Nuta and Takehara Kobayakawa Clans
- (→一覧は「嶺南原子力発電所」へ。)
- (See 'Nuclear Power Plants in Reinan' for the list)
- 6月3日 (旧暦) 大坂の力士と乱闘
- June 3rd, scuffled with sumo wrestlers of Osaka.
- また戦力の一部は江戸方面へと撤退した。
- Additionally, part of the forces withdrew towards the Edo area.
- (吉備津彦とは「吉備の勢力者」の意味)
- (Kibitsuhiko means 'powerful man of Kibi')
- その一方で田辺与力騒動なども起こった。
- A further riot was the riot of Yoriki TANABE.
- 歴代にわたり勢力と地位向上に努めてきた。
- The Date clan exploited its geographic location to increase its power and better its social status over successive generations.
- 現在国立光明寮国立塩原視力障害センター。
- The site is currently occupied by Kokuritsu (national) Komeiryo (literally, dormitory of the light, referring to a national vocational training center for the visually disabled) Shiobara Visual Disabilities Institution, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities.
- 以後、再び勢力を回復して顕信に挑むも死去。
- Sadaie restored his power once again and fought Akinobu, but died.
- 市と京都府ではその活性化に力を注いでいる。
- The municipal and prefecture government are trying to recover and stimulate the city.
- 勢力下に治めていた大名も再び自立を遂げた。
- After the War, daimyos which were under the control of the Date clan regained their independence.
- 豊かな色彩と力強い線描、雄大な構図が特徴。
- They were characterized by rich colors and strong lines, and grand composition.
- 更に西軍は後南朝勢力にも協力を呼びかけた。
- Further, the Western camp also called on the Gonancho (Second Southern Court) forces to fight together.
- 平家は各地の反平家勢力との戦いで苦戦する。
- The Taira family struggled to fight against the opposition of the Taira Family forces.
- 『古今和歌六帖』の撰者に有力視されている。
- He is believed to have been a selector for 'Kokin Waka Rokujo (six volumes of Japanese poetry written in the middle of the Heian period)'.
- 東漢氏などと並び有力な渡来系氏族でもある。
- Similar to the Yamatonoaya clan, it was a distinguished family of immigrants from the continent.
- 秩父氏の力は衰え、北条氏得宗が実権を握った。
- With the decline of the Chichibu clan, the Hojo clan Tokuso seized control of the province.
- - 伊達実元など特に有力な家臣が居城とした。
- It was a castle where powerful vassals such as Sanemoto DATE resided.
- 細川家中に父以上の勢力を築き上げたのである。
- In the end, Nagayoshi established his power which was bigger than his father's in the Hosokawa clan.
- 皇位継承法説 - 1950年代以降の最有力説
- Code of imperial succession theory - the most dominant theory since the 1950's.
- 元寇以後には御内人が幕政に影響力を発揮した。
- After the Mongol invasion attempts against Japan, the Miuchibito exercised their influence on the shogunate administration.
- 佐伯氏(さえきし)は古代日本の有力氏族である。
- The Saeki clan was a powerful clan in ancient Japan.
- この政治権力の分立状態は「両将軍」と評された。
- This separation of political power was called 'Ryoshogun' (two shoguns).
- 地域に根付いたスーパーマーケット業を主力とする。
- Main business is in the supermarket business rooted in the area.
- 蒲生城を築き薩摩国、大隅国を中心に勢力を誇った。
- The clan built the Gamo-jo Castle and exerted power especially in Osumi Province.
- 中央政界の権力闘争を契機として広がった戦国時代。
- The Sengoku Period (the period of civil war) started by the power struggle among daimyos in the central political world.
- この時代に、細川氏は有力な守護大名へと成長する。
- The Hosokawa clan became a powerful Shugo daimyo in this period.
- 福知山市全域の電力は関西電力より供給されている。
- Electricity is provided to the whole area in Fukuchiyama City by the Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc.
- また、将軍直轄の軍事力として奉公衆が編成された。
- Also, Hoko-shu was formed as the military power directly under the control of the shogun.
- その能力は藤原基経からも評価されてその娘を娶る。
- His ability was valued by FUJIWARA no Mototsune and he married his daughter.
- 彼らは鎌倉幕府成立の大きな力となり、幕府を支えた。
- They played a major role in establishing the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and supported the bakufu.
- 家禄は150石で、後に合力米150俵が加増された。
- Their karoku (hereditary stipend) was 150 koku (27.06 cubic meters) at first, later, added goryokumai (rice given to help the poor) 150 pyo (150 bales).
- 直冬は九州に逃れ、少弐氏ら九州の諸勢力に迎えられる。
- Tadafuyu escaped to Kyushu and was welcomed by the various forces there, such as the Shoni clan.
- 日本原子力研究所「関西研究所光量子科学研究センター」
- Advanced Photon Research Center, Kansai Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute
- この院政の展開により、摂関家の勢力は著しく後退した。
- By this development of Insei, the power of Sekkanke was weakened remarkably.
- 多禰寺 - 鎌倉時代作の金剛力士像(重要文化財)がある
- Tane-ji Temple - there is a Statue of Kongo-rikishi (designated as an important cultural asset) created during the Kamakura Period.
- これにより大内氏の勢力は周防と長門の2カ国に拡大した。
- This allowed the Ouchi clan to expand its power over the two provinces, Suo and Nagato.
- 残った顕氏は讃岐、土佐などの領国化に励み実力をつけた。
- The surviving Akiuji devoted himself to territorialize Sanuki and Tosa, and built up the power.
- また信長の政策により、仏教勢力の力が中央では弱まった。
- Also, as a result of Nobunaga's policies, the power exercised by the Buddhists weakened at the center of the country.
- 特に海軍は旧幕府軍のみが持っていた強力な戦力であった。
- The Navy, in particular, was a strong military force that only the former Shogunate forces possessed.
- 南北朝統一後、室町時代にも後南朝勢力の活動地となった。
- After the unification of Southern and Northern Courts, it became the place of activities of the force of Gonancho (latter South Court).
- 外戚の力関係で憲平親王が立太子し、後の冷泉天皇となる。
- However, Imperial Prince Norihira was formally installed as the Crown Prince with the power of the maternal relative, and later became Emperor Reizei.
- 書道の伏見院流の祖、京極派の有力歌人としても知られる。
- He was known as a founder of the Fushimi-in school of calligraphy, as well as a talented poet in the Kyogoku group.
- 元皇族の血統を利用し地方豪族との関係を深め勢力を拡大。
- He took advantage of his background of former Imperial lineage to strengthen his political power and enjoyed good relations with the powerful local clan.
- 2004年(平成16年) 関西電力舞鶴発電所が運転開始。
- 2004: The Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. Maizuru Power Plant starts operations.
- 歴史上、武蔵国と常陸国で勢力を振るった氏族が有名である。
- In Japanese history, the Edo clan who were in power in Musashi and Hitachi Provinces are particularly well-known.
- 堺市の町を一大貿易港として整備するなど精力的に活動した。
- He acted energetically and made achievements including developing the town of Sakai City as a big trading port.
- 渡月橋:夜はミニ水力発電の電力でライトアップされている。
- Togetsu-kyo Bridge: Lighted up at night with electricity by small-scale hydroelectric power generation
- 6月下旬には華南や南西諸島が梅雨前線の勢力圏から抜ける。
- In the end of June, South China and the Nansei Islands are excluded from the sphere of influence of the baiu front.
- 一時的には織田氏よりも反攻勢力が勝っていたこともあった。
- The resistance forces had been leading the Oda clan temporally.
- 鎌倉時代に石和五郎信光が若狭国大飯郡に源力木山城を築く。
- Nobumitsu ISAWAGORO constructed the Genriki-kiyama-jo Castle in Oi-gun, Wakasa Province in the Kamakura period.
- 後醍醐天皇を中心とした勢力による鎌倉幕府討幕運動である。
- The movement was driven by the powers that had gathered together with Emperor Go-Daigo as the central figure.
- 貞興は義昭の備後下向には従わず、以後明智光秀の与力となる。
- Sadaoki didn't go to Bingo with Yoshiaki, but he became a yoriki (a police sergeant) for Mitsuhide AKECHI.
- しかし、野中広務は中央政界を引退し、その影響力は低下した。
- However, Hiromu NONAKA has retired from the national political arena, lessening his influence.
- この後、織田信長、豊臣秀吉の保護と町衆の力により復興した。
- Kyoto was subsequently revived under the protection of Nobunaga ODA and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, and by the efforts of the machishu.
- 上賀茂神社の葵を増やすために地域が協力して葵を植えている。
- The community works together and plants aoi (hollyhocks) to increase their number in Kamigamo-jinja Shrine.
- 元帥・海軍大将・軍令部総長として昭和海軍の実力者であった。
- He was a person in power of the navy during the Showa period, acted as a military general, general of the navy and a military commander and a chancellor.
- 武田信玄の頃には領国拡大し中央の織田・徳川勢力に対抗する。
- During the era of Shingen Takeda, the clan expanded its territory and confronted the coalition of Oda and Tokugawa.
- 筒井氏は大和国添下郡筒井の土豪として大和に勢力を持っていた。
- The Tsutsui clan had been dominating Yamato region as a local ruler of Tsutsui, Sonoshimo-no-kori County, Yamato Province.
- さらに、河内にもその勢力を伸ばし筒井氏の全盛期を築き上げた。
- He also extended his influence to Kawachi Province and established the golden age of the Tsutsui clan.
- ただ、三河でも奥州でも家格の高さに武力が伴わず、家運は低迷。
- However, the high family status was not conjoined with the military power in both the Mikawa and the Oshu clans, and their family fortunes were dull.
- さらには庄内地方の大宝寺氏や周辺勢力と対立するようになった。
- In addition, he made conflicts with the Daihoji clan in the Shonai region and powers in the neighborhood.
- 嫡流の和氏の死後、その弟の頼春と並んで細川氏の実力者となる。
- After the death of Kazuuji of the main line, he became an influential person together with Kazuuji's younger brother, Yoriharu.
- しかし、織田軍の強大な軍事力の前に対抗できるはずもなかった。
- However, they did not have the strength to hold out against the Oda clan's powerful military power.
- また有能な弟たちを各所に配置し、大きくなった勢力を統治した。
- And he posted his capable brothers in various places to administer his extended power.
- 各地を転戦して武功を挙げ、畿内や四国に大きな影響力を持った。
- Nagayuki moved from place to place to fight and achieved military exploits, coming to have great influence in Kinki region and Shikoku.
- 東証及び大証1部上場の電線及びケーブルを主力製品とする企業。
- Company listed in the First Section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange and the Osaka Securities Exchange: major business lines are electric wires and cables.
- 対立構図のねじれ、自己の利に従って離散集合をくり返す諸勢力。
- The involved forces, vying one another in a complexly twisted pattern, sometimes joined hands and at other times separated from others repeatedly, each in pursuit of its own self-interest.
- 古より時の権力者に反抗した政治犯たちが数多く処刑されている。
- Long ago, many political offenders were executed here who protested against those in power.
- 5基の原子力発電所が置かれているが、いずれも嶺南に立地する。
- There are five nuclear power plants, all of which are located in Reinan.
- 失脚の前兆として護良派の赤松則村の勢力の著しい削減があった。
- The force of Norimura AKAMATSU from Morinaga party was substantially reduced before Morinaga's downfall, which was considered as a sign of his downfall.
- だが、旧勢力の抵抗も大きく、長慶は将軍義輝と戦うことをやめた。
- But, facing strong resistance from the old power, Nagayoshi stopped fighting with Yoshiteru, the shogun.
- この後本拠を失った本願寺勢力は大阪(石山本願寺)に移っている。
- The Hongwan-ji Temple sect lost its headquarters and moved to Osaka (Ishiyama Hongwan-ji Temple).
- 3年後に若木が花をつけはじめると、村の青年団も協力しはじめた。
- Three years later, when young trees began to bear flowers, the young men's association of the village began to cooperate with him.
- このような河内源氏の興隆は、時の権力者 白河法皇の警戒を招く。
- Such prosperity of Kawachi-Genji alarmed the Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa, who was in power at the time.
- このことで、武門の中で河内源氏の勢力は相対的に低下していった。
- Accordingly, the relative power of Kawachi-Genji in the samurai family declined.
- 平家の追討に成功した頼朝は奥州藤原氏を討ち、勢力基盤を固めた。
- Yoritomo, who succeeded in defeating the Taira family, attacked Oshu-Fujiwara clan to solidify his power base.
- 反対勢力がなくなったため光明子は非皇族として初めて立后された。
- As the opposition forces disappeared, Komyoshi was installed as the Empress from the non-imperial family for the first time.
- 通章は明治に衰退した蹴鞠の保護に尽力したことでも知られている。
- Michiaki is also known for his efforts to protect the Kemari (a type of football played by courtiers in ancient Japan) which declined in the Meiji period.
- これを恐れた当時の権力者藤原仲麻呂が牽制した結果と想像される。
- The above situation is presumed to have been caused by the influence of the then powerful person, FUJIWARA no Nakamaro who feared the possibility of Prince Shioyaki's succession to the Imperial Throne.
- 実際の出自を息長氏などの地方豪族に求める説も有力となっている。
- Thus, some historians and scholars searched for support in fact, that the actual origin of the Emperor Keitai accession, may have been the powerful local clans such as, the Okinaga clan, and this theory was supported through historical study.
- 近江国蒲生郡を中心に勢力を築き、藤原惟俊の代から蒲生氏を称した。
- The clan first established its power base in Gamo County of Omi Province and FUJIWARA no Koretoshi began to call himself the Gamo clan.
- FX取引をする日本の主婦たちが世界経済に影響力を持つことがある。
- Japanese housewives who are engaged in foreign exchange trades can have an influence on the world economy.
- 日本原子力研究開発機構関西光科学研究所(きっづ光科学館ふぉとん)
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency Kansai Photon Science Institute (the Kids' Science Museum of Photons)
- その目的は公武合体に基づく攘夷断行の実現に助力することであった。
- Their purpose was to assist in carrying out Joi based on a union of the Imperial court and Edo shogunate.
- これは高橋氏との権力争いとともに、道鏡との関連が指摘されている。
- It indicated the power struggle with the Takahashi clan and the relationship with Dokyo (a priest of Hosso Sect of Buddhism in the Nara period).
- 天皇の称号をはじめて使用したのも天武であるとする説が有力である。
- The theory that Emperor Tenmu was the first to use the title of Emperor is persuasive.
- 孝謙天皇の時代にはいると藤原仲麻呂(恵美押勝)の発言力が増した。
- In the era of the Empress Koken, FUJIWARA no Nakamaro (also known as EMI no Oshikatsu) had a growing influence.
- 三重県多気郡多気町の式内社・佐那神社は天手力男神と曙立王を祀る。
- Sana-jinja Shrine, which is a Shikinai-sha (shrine listed in the Engishiki code) and located in Taki-machi, Taki-gun, Mie Prefecture, enshrines Amenotajikarao-no-kami and Aketatsu no o.
- 時の権力者である藤原実頼・師輔の兄弟の力が働いていたと思われる。
- It is presumed that the brothers, FUJIWARA no Saneyori and Morosuke, who were in the leadership position during this period, assisted in making the future Emperor Reizei the crown prince.
- 江戸時代末期、明治維新期の橋本実麗(さねあきら)は、国事に尽力。
- From the end of Edo period to the Meiji Restoration, Saneakira HASHIMOTO played an active role in the affairs of State.
- 天皇の外祖父の地位を得て園家は宮中に隠然たる力を持つにいたった。
- Holding the position of maternal grandfather of the emperor, the Sono family acquired latent power in the imperial court.
- 戦国時代前半には上総国西部から中部一帯を領有する大勢力となった。
- The clan possessed a wide territory ranging from the west to the central part of Kazusa Province during the early stage of the Sengoku period.
- 679年に天武天皇の下で吉野の盟約に加わり、兄弟の協力を誓った。
- In 679, he participated in the Yoshino Pact under Emperor Tenmu and swore sibling cooperation.
- これは幕府によって宗氏の力量が試されたという側面も存在している。
- This included the aspect that the ability of the So clan was to be checked by the bakufu.
- 周辺の国々では上総氏や三浦氏(和田氏)など有力在庁官人が滅亡した。
- Powerful local officials, including the Kazusa and Miura clans (Wada clan), were defeated in the neighboring provinces.
- 中央伴造として佐伯部を率い、宮門警備や武力勢力として朝廷に仕えた。
- The Saeki clan led Saeki-be (people served Yamato Dynasty and resided at Saeki) as the principal Tomo no miyatsuko (the chief of various departments at the Imperial Court) and served the Imperial Court as guard of the Imperial Palace's gates and as military aid.
- なお、これによって実質的に大内家は滅亡したとする見解も有力である。
- Meanwhile, there is a popular view that the Ouchi clan would have substantially fallen by this revolt.
- 狩野派の絵師が織田信長、豊臣秀吉などその時々の権力者と結び付いた。
- Painters of the Kano school were directly connected with Nobunaga ODA, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, and other powers of the time.
- これは、旧体制に属さない新勢力が歴史の表舞台に現れた瞬間であった。
- It was the moment when new powers having no place in the old regime had emerged on the front stage of history.
- 新京の周辺地域をおさえる、母方のバックボーンたる渡来人勢力との関係
- a relationship with the immigrants ruling the regions around the new capital, who had a common ancestry with Emperor Kanmu's mother,
- 35年に北条氏の残党勢力による中先代の乱が起こり鎌倉が奪還された。
- In 1335, the Nakasendai War occurred where Hojo follower survivors recovered Kamakura.
- いわゆる欠史八代の一人で、実在しない天皇と捉える見方が有力である.
- He is one of so-called Kesshi-Hachidai (Eight Undocumented Sovereigns) and is generally thought to have been nonexistent.
- 国史跡・紫香楽宮跡は甲賀寺(甲可寺)跡であるという説が有力である。
- It is probable that the ruins of Shigaraki no miya (ruins designated by the nation) was the ruins of Koga-ji Temple (Koka-ji).
- 後白河は病床で看護や加持に力を尽くすが、病状は悪化する一方だった。
- Emperor Goshirakawa did the best to look after Shigeko and tried to perform faith healing for her while she was in bed, however she did not get better.
- そしてめきめきと実力を現し、京都奉行から三好氏の宰相にまでなった。
- Hisahide then emerged rapidly as a Kyoto magistrate and thereafter as prime minister of the Miyoshi clan.
- 戦国時代_(日本)後期から後北条氏が大きな勢力を振るうようになった。
- The Go-Hojo clan became more powerful during the late Sengoku (Warring States) period.
- まともな戦闘能力を失った大内義長は内藤隆世の守る長門国且山城に逃亡。
- Yoshinaga OUCHI, who had lost decent fighting capability, fled into Katsuyama-jo Castle in Nagato Province which was protected by Takayo NAITO.
- 上洛後は管領として、室町幕政を執行し、表面上は一大勢力を築き上げた。
- After going up to Kyoto, he executed the Muromachi shogunate government as a kanrei (shogunal deputy), and built a major power seemingly.
- 土岐氏の勢力は義満将軍の目論見によって、大きく削がれることとなった。
- Toki clan's power was greatly weakened by the intention of Shogun Yoshimitsu.
- 島津氏が西軍に付いたのは、当時の情報収集能力の欠如が原因と言われる。
- It is said that the Shimazu clan sided with the Western Army because it lacked the ability to gather information.
- 聖武天皇の治世の初期は皇親勢力を代表する長屋王が政権を担当していた。
- In the beginning of the reign of the Emperor Shomu, Nagayao, representing pro-imperial force, came to power.
- また清盛が病死すると平氏の勢力は急激に衰え、法皇の発言権は拡大した。
- Also when Kiyomori died from an illness, the Taira clan lost their political power and the Cloistered Emperor had more authority to speak out.
- 室町公藤(きんふじ)は昭和34年掌典長に就任し、宮中祭祀に尽力した。
- Kinfuji MUROMACHI assumed the post of shotencho, the chief of shotenshoku (the section of the Imperial Household Agency handling court rituals), in 1959 and dedicated himself to religious service in the imperial court.
- また、獨逸学協会の初代総裁となり、後に獨逸学協会学校設立に尽力した。
- Moreover, he became the first president of Doitsugaku Kyokai (Society for German Studies) and later he worked to establish Doitsugaku Kyokai Gakko (School of the Society for German Studies).
- 吉見氏としては庶流の系統であるが、有力国人として大内義興の娘婿となる。
- Being from a branch family of the Yoshimi clan, they were regarded as a powerful kokujin and Masayori became an adopted son-in-law of Yoshioki OUCHI.
- 福知山の工場は主に磁気テープなどを中心に製作する主力工場となっている。
- The plant in Fukuchiyama is a main factory which mainly produces magnetic tapes.
- 春日神社-堺の有力商人から寄贈された手水鉢(ちょうずばち)が今も残る。
- Kasuga-jinja Shrine: There still remains chozubachi (a water basin used to rinse the hands or as a decorative element in gardens) donated by a powerful merchant in Sakai.
- 近江国(滋賀県)の国人、近江国北部を中心に勢力を持った戦国大名である。
- The clan was a family of kokujin (local samurai) in Omi Province (Shiga Prefecture) and a Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period), which held influence over Kita Omi (Northern Omi Province).
- 伊勢貞親は8代将軍足利義政の教育係を務め、政治にも大きな影響力を持った。
- Sadachika ISE served as a tutor to the eighth Shogun Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, which resulted in a significant influence over politics as well.
- 秩父氏は武蔵平一揆の乱で力を失い、武蔵国の実権は関東管領上杉氏が握った。
- The Chichibu clan lost its power in the Musashi Hei Ikki no Ran (Musashi Hei Riot Rebellion (武蔵平一揆の乱)), and the Uesugi clan of Kanto Kanrei (a position to support the chief of Kamakura-fu) took over Musashi Province.
- 以降江戸氏は馬場城(水戸城)を本拠地として那珂川中下流部で勢力を振るう。
- Based in Baba-jo Castle (Mito-jo Castle), the Edo clan wielded power in the midstream and downstream areas of the Naka-gawa River.
- しかし、国内の混乱はますます加速する一方で、以後次第に勢力を弱めていく。
- However, the disturbance within its province was increasingly accelerated, and the family gradually weakened its power after that.
- そして室町将軍すら上回るほどの実力を蓄えた守護大名すら生まれるのである。
- Subsequently, even Shugo daimyos with power exceeding that of Shogun Muromachi were born.
- 同じごろ、太平洋中部の洋上でも高気圧が勢力を増し、範囲を西に広げてくる。
- Around the same time, also on the sea in the middle of Pacific Ocean, an anticyclone increases its strength and enlarges its area to the west.
- そして、畿内・四国を中心に一門で八か国の守護を占める有力守護大名となる。
- They became a powerful Shugo daimyo (shugo, which were Japanese provincial military governors, that became daimyo, which were Japanese feudal lords) and the family held Shugo (a provincial military governor) of eight provinces in the Kinai region (the five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto) and the Shikoku region.
- 当時は同族で若狭国守護であった武田氏の最有力家臣であり武家の名門の家柄。
- The family was the most powerful vassal of the Takeda clan, who belonged to the same family and served as Shugo (provincial constable) of Wakasa Province; therefore, her lineage was a prestigious samurai family.
- 倭王武の上表文には周辺諸国を攻略して勢力を拡張した様子が表現されている。
- In the Johyobun (memorial to the Emperor) of Waobu, there is a description of how the king invaded the nearby countries and became a major power.
- しかし、三条天皇が崩御すると、道長はまたもや敦明親王に圧力をかけていた。
- However, after Emperor Sanjo passed away, Michinaga put more pressure on Imperial Prince Atsuakira.
- 平安遷都に際しては葛野郡の秦氏の財力・技術力が重要だったとする説もある。
- Some say that the economic power and the technical skills of the Hata clan in Kadono County were important in the transfer of the national capital to Kyoto.
- 公正のあとを継いだのが三条西実謙であり、実謙もまた香道の発展に尽力した。
- Kimimasa was inherited by Sanekane SANJONISHI, and Sanekane also worked hard in developing the art of fragrance.
- 秀吉没後、伏見城には徳川家康が入り、最大実力者として政治を取り仕切った。
- After the death of Hideyoshi, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA took over Fushimi-jo Castle, and formed a government.
- また、当時絶大な力を持っていた藤原氏のライバルであったと伝えられている。
- The Sugawara clan was a rival to the Fujiwara clan which had enormous power in ancient Japan.
- この事は、得宗とその家臣である御内人の発言力が強まるという結果を齎した。
- This resulted in the increased influence of Tokuso and the miuchibito, their vassals.
- また、西園寺の名字を名乗った有力な支流として伊予国の武家西園寺氏がある。
- There was a samurai family--the Saionji clan in Iyo-no-kuni--as a major offshoot that used the Saionji surname.
- 公経以来鎌倉幕府の後援を受け、鎌倉時代を通じて摂家をしのぐ勢力をもった。
- Since the generation of Kintsune, the Saionji Family gained support from the Kamakura shogunate and came to power that surpassed the sekke throughout the Kamakura era.
- 伊達氏は一介の国人領主といえども、大国 陸奥国にあって有力な武家であった。
- Even though the Date clan was no more than a kokujin ryoshu (local samurai lord), it rose as an influential samurai family of Mutsu Province, one of the major provinces of Japan.
- このとき、新田氏本宗家の所領が得宗家に渡り、得宗勢力被官が荘内に進出する。
- At that time, the territory of the head family of the Nitta clan was transferred to the Tokuso family (the direct line of the regency Hojo family), and a hikan (low-level bureaucrat) under the power of the Tokuso family advanced into the estate.
- だが、河内国の守護代で畿内に強い勢力を誇った遊佐長教の息女を正室に迎えた。
- However, he married a daughter, as a lawful wife, of Naganori YUSA who was the shugodai of Kawachi Province and had a strong influence in Kinki region.
- 戦国時代 (日本)に阿波国をはじめ畿内一円に勢力を有する戦国大名となった。
- In Sengoku period (period of warring states) (Japan) it became a daimyo in the Sengoku period that had the power in and around Kinki region including Awa Province.
- 院政とは天皇が余力ある内に引退し、若き子(孫)の天皇を後見するという意味。
- The term 'insei' is used to mean that an emperor or empress abdicates in favor of his or her son or daughter (or grandchild) and then acts as a guardian to the new young emperor or empress.
- ここでは「信長政権そのものが南欧勢力の傀儡に過ぎなかった」、とされている。
- In this view, 'Nobunaga's government itself was just a puppet government of the power from the southern Europe.
- 承久の乱を契機に鎌倉幕府は京に六波羅探題を設置して、公家勢力の監視を行う。
- In the wake of the Jokyu War, the Kamakura bakufu established Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency in Rokuhara, Kyoto) in Kyo, and monitored the power held by court nobles.
- 代わって中国大陸には暖かく乾燥した揚子江気団ができ始め、勢力を強めていく。
- Instead of it, warm and dry Yangzi jiang air mass begins to be spawned and increases its strength.
- 狂言師としては現役最年長であるにもかかわらず、今なお精力的に活動している。
- Though he is the oldest among actively working Kyogen performers, he still continues his energetic activities.
- 三田村氏は京極氏の根本被官であったが、浅井氏の勢力拡大の際に二つに割れた。
- The Mitamura clan had been one of the konpon hikan (primal vassals) of the Kyogoku clan, but the clan was split into two when the Azai clan extended its influence.
- このことを契機に五条家単独で大阪相撲や京都相撲の力士に横綱免許を発給した。
- The Gojo family took this opportunity and independently issued yokozuna licenses to the sumo wrestlers of Osaka zumo (sumo wrestling tournament in Osaka) and Kyoto zumo (sumo wrestling tournament in Kyoto).
- 同社の協力により舞鶴親海公園、園内のPR船エル・マールまいづる等をオープン。
- With the cooperation of the above company, Maizuru Sea Park opens and the PR boat inside the park, El mar Maizuru etc., starts operations.
- 同時にヤマト政権の朝鮮における軍事的影響力は衰え、対朝鮮政策は苦境に陥った。
- At the same time, the military influence over Korea declined, and the policies with Korea ran into difficulties.
- 義弘の死後、再び家督を巡っての抗争が起こり、大内家の勢力は一時的に衰退した。
- After the death of Yoshihiro, a succession dispute arose again, and the Ouchi family's power declined temporarily.
- 晴元を晴れて管領にするなど活躍し、細川氏家中における随一の勢力にまでなった。
- Motonaga made achievements including helping Harumoto become kanrei, and he ended up being the biggest power in Hosokawa clan.
- 美濃に強い地盤を持つ土岐氏は足利征夷大将軍を支える有力な武士団となっていた。
- With its strong foothold in Mino Province, the Toki clan became a powerful samurai group who supported the Shogun of the Ashikaga Shogunate.
- これに対抗するため、幕府は関東や陸奥の有力国人を京都扶持衆として直臣化した。
- To compete with such power, Bakufu directly hired strong local persons in the land of Kanto and Mutsu, as Kyoto Fuchi-shu.
- 行基は法力をふるうとともに、人々に温泉につかるよう説いてまわったそうである。
- Gyoki is said to have exerted the power of the Buddhist dharma and to have advised people to soak in the hot spring.
- また、貧者、病者などの救済に奔走し、今日で言う社会福祉事業にも力を尽くした。
- He devoted himself also for relieving the poor and the sick and so on and exerted himself to social welfare works in the current term.
- 大日本帝国憲法を素直に解釈すると、天皇は大きな権力を持っていたように読める。
- When the Constitution of the Empire of Japan is interpreted without argument, it can be read as if the Emperor had very strong powers.
- 在位の初めは父上皇、母高子、摂政藤原基経(天皇の伯父)が協力して政務を見た。
- During the early stage of the enthronement his father, the Retired Emperor, his mother Takako and the Regent FUJIWARA no Mototsune (the Emperor's uncle) all helped to rule the government.
- 乱の勃発時、近江宮の朝廷は筑紫大宰に対して兵力を送るよう命じる使者を出した。
- After the outbreak of Jinshin War, the Imperial Court in Omi no miya ordered Tsukushi no Omikotomochi no Tsukasa to send troops through an emissary.
- 滋賀県側に極力電波が漏れないよう、アンテナにはアンテナ指向性が設けられている。
- The antennae have directional capabilities to prevent the signal from leaking to the Shiga Prefecture side.
- 三村家中ではかなりの発言力を有し、三村隆徳とも称していたという(備中兵乱記)。
- Takatoku had an influential voice, calling himself Takatoku MIMURA according to Bicchu Heiranki (Record on disturbance in the Bicchu area).
- やがて大崎氏は次第に膨張する伊達氏の圧力をまともに受けることとなり、衰退する。
- Before long, the Osaki clan ended up being pressured by the expanding Date clan and declined.
- 顕氏の実子の細川繁氏は顕氏の領国を受け継ぎ、有力者として武功を積むも急死する。
- Shigeuji HOSOKAWA, a real son of Akiuji, succeeded Akiuji's territory and gained the military exploits, but died suddenly.
- しかし、土佐藩主山内豊信らの進言・尽力により、同じ日に徳川慶喜は大政奉還した。
- Nevertheless, through such facts as the advice/efforts of Toyoshige YAMAUCHI, the feudal lord of the Tosa clan, Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, conducted the restoration to imperial rule on the same day that such order was given.
- 冬が終わり春が近づくにつれ、シベリア気団は勢力が弱くなり、次第に北上していく。
- If the winter ends and the spring comes closer, Siberia air mass loses its strength and moves up to the north.
- 文化的遺産としての「道路名」は、極力、往古の名称を残していくべきものと考える。
- Keeping the old street names unchanged as a 'street name' cultural asset is considered that should be done.
- 筑前国の少弐頼尚がこれを支援し、九州は幕府、直冬、南朝3勢力の鼎立状態となる。
- Yorinao SHONI in Chikuzen Province supported Tadafuyu, and consequently Kyushu turned out to be a three-way struggle between the bakufu, Tadafuyu, and the Southern Court.
- この事件は皇統統一を狙った仁明が、藤原北家の協力を得て起こしたとする説もある。
- There was another theory that Emperor Ninmyo caused the disturbance to unify the Imperial line of Imperial succession with the support of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan.
- 翌年、九州に落ちた尊氏が力を盛り返して上洛してくると、義貞と共に北陸に逃れた。
- The following year, when Takauji regained his political power, after once escaping to Kyushu, and then returned to Kyoto, he escaped to Hokuriku with Yoshisada.
- 戦国時代 (日本)より長崎市を有し、南蛮貿易を通じた豊かな経済力を誇っていた。
- The domain included Nagasaki City from the Sengoku, or Warring States, period (Japan) and enjoyed a strong economy thanks to trade with Europe.
- 武光誠は、継体以前の大王は複数の有力豪族から出たとしている(以下の文献参照)。
- Makoto TAKEMITSU claims that great kings before Keitai were chosen from several powerful local ruling families (Refer to the following literature).
- 自衛隊は市内の年中行事の開催の協力、災害時の救助などにおいての役割は重要である。
- The Japanese Self-Defense Forces play an important role in holding annual events in the city as well as conducting rescues during disasters.
- 長田野工業団地内最大の土地を所有し、京都府下で最も消費電力が大きい企業でもある。
- Owning the largest site in the Osadano Industrial Park, it consumes the largest amount of electric power in Kyoto Prefecture.
- 平安時代末期の当主多々良盛房は周防で最有力の実力者となり、周防権介に任じられた。
- A family head in the end of the Heian period, TATARA no Morifusa became the most dominant figure in Suo Province, and was appointed to Suo no Gon no suke.
- それだけに留まらず室町幕府にも影響力を及ぼす守護大名としての地位を保持し続けた。
- In addition, he continuously held the post of a shugo daimyo who could make a difference also in the Muromachi bakufu.
- 屋根・内部の壁・柱などすべてを金で覆い奥州藤原氏の権力と財力の象徴とも言われる。
- With its roof, internal walls and pillars all coated with gold, it is said to be the symbol of political and financial power of the Oshu Fujiwara clan.
- しかし、南朝不利、そして細川氏が幕府内でも勢力を拡大し強大化するとそれに服した。
- However, with the Southern Court losing ground and Hosokawa clan growing its influence in the bakufu (the Northern Court), the clan surrendered to the bakufu.
- その後も忍性などの高僧を輩出するとともに、荒廃した諸国の国分寺の再興に尽力した。
- After that also, many priests of great sanctity and learning including Ninsho appeared one after another and efforts to restore devastated kokubunji (provincial monasteries) in various provinces were made.
- 特に天武は、軍事力により皇位を奪取したことを背景として、絶対的な権力を行使した。
- Especially Emperor Tenmu, who usurped the Imperial throne with the military, exercised absolute powers.
- 財政難で中断した朝廷の儀式の復興に力を入れる反面、戦乱や疾病に苦しむ民を思った。
- The Emperor worked to restore the Imperial Court events that had long been shelved due to financial difficulties, while on the other hand he cared for people who suffered from the fighting and disease.
- そして、その権力を盤石にする手段が、藤原氏と同じく天皇の外戚となることであった。
- It was for the purpose of becoming a maternal relative to strengthen his political power, the same way as the Fujiwara clan did.
- 1493年(明応2年)天台座主に就任し、焼失した比叡山根本中堂の再建に尽力した。
- He took the post of head priest of the Buddhist Tendai sect in 1493, and devoted himself to rebuilding the burned-out Konponchudo (hall temple hall) located on Mt. Hiei.
- これは、勢力拡大を狙った源満仲と藤原氏による綿密に練られた高明排斥計画とされる。
- It was presumed that this was a plan carefully organized by MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka and the Fujiwara clan who tried to attain stronger political power.
- 時方の子北条時政は、娘北条政子が源頼朝の妻となったことから頼朝の挙兵に協力した。
- A son of Tokikata, Tokimasa HOJO married his daughter Masako HOJO to MINAMOTO no Yoritomo and helped his son-in-law to raise an army.
- 兼実や義満も彼らのそうした高い能力を評価したからこそ、その昇進を援けたのである。
- Kanezane and Yoshimitsu supported the promotion of Yasuchika and Ariyo because of the value of their high performance.
- 2代執権義時から数代にわたって他の有力御家人を次々と排除し、執権政治を確立した。
- Over generations from the second regent Yoshitoki, the Hojo clan had disposed of other powerful gokenin and established the solid base of regency.
- 飛鳥時代から平安時代初期にかけて有力豪族・上級貴族として繁栄した多治比氏がある。
- His descendant clan was Tajihi clan, which flourished from the Asuka period to the early Heian period as a dominantly powerful family and a high-ranked aristocracy.
- ちょうどこのころは、大和朝廷が任那からの影響力を失い、新羅が任那を圧迫していた。
- Around this time Yamato Dynasty was losing its clout on Miman, and Silla was giving pressure against Mimana.
- もともとは、ヤマト王権の時代に有力豪族の子弟をさして広く「みこ」と称されていた。
- Originally, 'Miko' was used widely referring to the children and younger brothers of Gozoku (local ruling family) in the period of the Yamato sovereignty (the ancient Japan sovereignty).
- 武蔵国江戸郷 (武蔵国)に本拠地を置き、のちに現在の皇居を本拠に勢力を張った一族。
- The clan was based in Edo-go, Musashi Province in the beginning and later shifted their base to the place where the Imperial Palace stands today.
- 進氏は戦国時代に入ると尼子氏など伯耆に侵出してきた中国地方の有力者のもとに属した。
- In the Sengoku period, the Shin clan belonged to powerful clans of Chugoku region, such as the Amako clan which had advanced to Hoki.
- 府中小笠原氏では小笠原秀政が松平信康の娘の登久姫と婚姻し、有力な譜代大名となった。
- From the Fuchu-Ogasawara clan, Hidemasa OGASAWARA married to a daughter of Nobuyasu MATSUDAIRA, Tokuhime (Princess Toku) and became an influential fudai daimyo.
- 川沿いには、曳子(舟曳き人夫)が高瀬舟を人力で曳いて歩くための曳舟道が設けられた。
- Hikifunemichi (Towpath) was provided along the river so that Hikiko (boat pullers) could walk and manually pull a Takasebune boat along the river.
- その一方で、近藤らは新撰組内部で凄惨な権力闘争を行い、敵対勢力を容赦なく殺害した。
- At the same time, KONDO and others were in a terrible struggle for power within Shinsen-gumi, and mercilessly killed their opponents.
- 2005年1月、関西電力は果無山脈に風力発電のための風車を建設する計画を発表した。
- In January 2005, The Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. announced the plan to construct wind turbines on the Hatenashi mountain range to generate wind power
- しかし、重要な政治的局面で影響力を行使することもあったため異なるという意見もある。
- However, there are other opinions insisting that it is different, because the Emperor used his influential power in important political situations.
- 天皇の称号は天武天皇が始めたとする説が広く支持されており、非常に有力となっている。
- The theory which argues that the Emperor Tenmu started using the title, 'Tenno' (emperor), is widely accepted.
- これが最有力説であったが、神武陵は、1863年(文久3年)にミサンザイに決まった。
- Although that was the most convincing one, Emperor Jimmu's Mausoleum was determined to be the one in Misanzai in 1863.
- 鎌倉時代後半になると、得宗家は北条一門を含む他の有力御家人を圧倒するようになった。
- In the late Kamakura period, the Tokuso family came to overwhelm other gokenin (immediate vassals of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods), including the Hojo clan.
- 国人や農民が協力し、守護大名畠山氏の政治的影響力を排除し、以後8年間自治を行った。
- Local samurais and farmers cooperated to eliminate the political influence of the shugo daimyo (military governor) of the Hatakeyama clan, and functioned as self-governing community for the succeeding eight years.
- 室町幕府3代将軍の足利義満は、九州へ今川貞世(了俊)を派遣して南朝勢力を駆逐した。
- Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, the third Shogun of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), sent Sadayo IMAGAWA (Ryoshun) to Kyushu, having him expel the members supporting the Southern Court.
- 山名氏(やまなうじ、やまなし)は、山陰を中心に勢力を持った守護大名、戦国大名である。
- During the Sengoku period, the Yamana clan held a position of significant power as shugo daimyo, provincial military governors who were feudal lords as well; their power was centered in the Sanin region.
- 細川氏は2派に分かれそれぞれに被官や畿内近国の諸勢力が結びついて争う(両細川の乱)。
- The Hosokawa clan was split into two that each of them associated with hikan (low-level bureaucrat) or the powers in the Kinai-Kingoku area, and fought against each other (Ryohosokawa War).
- 東京に近く、市が観光振興に力を入れていることもあり、観光文化都市として繁栄している。
- Kamakura flourished as a city of international tourism and culture partly because it was geographically close to Tokyo and because the municipal government promoted tourism.
- この背景には朝儀復活や王政復古運動に尽力していた父・霊元天皇の意向が強く働いていた。
- As to the background of this movement, there was a strong intention of his father, Emperor Reigen who worked hard to restore the events of the Imperial Palace and the movement to restore the monarchy.
- 所領も下野、陸奥、三河、丹波など西国にも及び、支族は数十にも及ぶ有力御家人であった。
- The family was a powerful Gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) whose territories expanded to Shimotsuke, Mutsu, Mikawa, and the Saigoku (western part of Japan, especially Kyushu, but ranging as far east as Kinki) such as Tanba, who had dozens of branch families.
- 更に明治末期に大阪相撲の実力力士・21代横綱若嶌權四郎が五条家から横綱免許を受けた。
- Furthermore, Yokozuna Gonshiro WAKASHIMA, the twenty-first, a talented sumo wrestler of Osaka zumo, received a yokozuna license from the Gojo family at the end of the Meiji period.
- 百済の弱体化もあり、その勢力を維持できず新羅に勢力圏を明け渡した時期とも考えられる。
- Due to these reasons as well as weakening of Paekche, it seems to be this period when Yamato Dynasty could not maintain its momentum and gave its influence areas to Silla.
- 「沖縄県の人々にそのような気持ちから少しでも力になればという思いを抱いてきました。」
- In line with my above-mentioned belief, I want to help people in Okinawa Prefecture as much as possible.'
- 基本的に王室の権威と安定を図ったが、その地位を利用して権力の中心に座ることもあった。
- The fundamental role of the empress dowager was to keep authority and stability in the royal family, but some of them rose to power by utilizing their title.
- だが、天皇側の勢力もまだ強く、鎌倉幕府が滅亡すると後醍醐天皇が天皇親政を復活させた。
- However, the power of the Emperor side had not weakened yet; when the Kamakura Bakufu fell, Emperor Godaigo restored the direct rule.
- 室町幕府では、幕府のお膝元である山城国が有力守護の支配下に入る事を望んでいなかった。
- The Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) did not wish Yamashiro Province, which had been put under the direct jurisdiction of the government, to be taken over by and to be put under the direct control of an influential feudal lord.
- これらの努力により接待費用を60万両に抑える一方、将軍呼称を再び日本国王に変更した。
- The cost of entertaining the envoy was reduced to 600 thousand ryo by these efforts, and the term for the title of shogun was changed to King of Japan again.
- また顕氏の子・細川繁氏も急死し、頼春の嫡子である細川頼之が細川氏で随一の実力者となる。
- Shigeuji HOSOKAWA, the son of Akiuji, also died suddenly, therefore Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA, a legitimate child of Yoriharu, became the most influential person in the Hosokawa clan.
- 尾張、伊勢、近江国、飛騨国まで勢力を伸ばして、妙椿は西軍の重鎮に数えられるようになる。
- Extending the power of the West squad over Owari, Ise, Omi, and Hida Provinces, Myochin came to be considered as a grand person of the West squad.
- アルミニウム製錬用黒鉛電極の世界シェアは約45%で、主力製品の全てはここで生産される。
- In the field of carbon electrodes for aluminum smelting, SEC Carbon enjoys approximately 45% of the world-market share, with all main products being produced in its site in Osadano Industrial park.
- 信長が本能寺の変に気付き、敵対勢力に対して本能寺で軍備を整えていたことを指摘している。
- It also showed that the Nobunaga noticed the Honnoji Incident and prepared armaments in the Honno-ji Temple against the enemy forces.
- だからいくら勢力を拡大しようとも、室町将軍の権威を否定する訳にはいかなかったのである。
- Therefore, no matter how much they expanded their power, they could not afford to deny the authority of Shogun Muromachi.
- 京に到着後、清河が勤王勢力と通じ、浪士組を天皇配下の兵力にしようとする画策が露見する。
- After arriving in Kyoto, KIYOKAWA communicated secretly with imperial loyalist parties, and his scheme to make Roshi-gumi a force under control of the Emperor was discovered.
- 義家の死後、家督を継いだ源義忠が源義光の策謀で暗殺されると河内源氏の勢力は弱体化する。
- After Yoshiie's death, MINAMOTO no Yoshitada, who succeeded the reign of the family, was assassinated by machinations of MINAMOTO no Yoshimitsu, which led to the weakening of the power of Kawachi-Genji.
- 中国においては、寵妃の親族は皇帝によって引き立てられ顕位に上り権力を振るうことになる。
- In China, relatives of the emperor's favorite concubine were raised to high ranks by the emperor to exercise their powers.
- この措置に今度は嵯峨は反発し、平城と嵯峨の武力衝突が起こり嵯峨が勝利した(薬子の変)。
- Because of this arrangement, there was an armed dispute between Emperor Heizei and Emperor Saga, and Emperor Saga won (The Kusuko Incident).
- しかしながら、自由民権運動の勢力拡大にともない、華族と妥協するため主張を変更している。
- However, with Jiyu Minken Undo (movement for liberty and people's rights) gaining its momentum, he changed his position to obtain support of kazoku class members.
- 江戸時代末期には長州藩から数々の優秀な志士が現れ、明治維新を成就させる原動力となった。
- Many brilliant patriots appeared from the Choshu Domain during the end of the Edo period, which became the driving force for the success of the Meiji Restoration.
- しかし、久政の政治的発言力が完全に失われたわけではなく、隠居後でもなお発言力はあった。
- However, Hisamasa was not completely out of the political matters, and still had a certain influence even after his retirement.
- しかし、里見軍は義堯がもともとこの戦いに消極的であったためにあまり協力的ではなかった。
- However, the army of the Satomi clan was not so cooperative in the battle because Yoshitaka had been reluctant to support the battle from the beginning.
- 武田信玄の時には大名権力により治水や金山開発など領国整備を行い、信濃に領国を拡大した。
- Shingen TAKEDA wielded the authority of the daimyo (feudal lord) in flood control as well as in the development of gold mines and absorbed Shinano Province into his territory.
- その後、彼の即位を認めなかった勢力が3年後の534年に安閑を擁立、彼は1年で崩御した。
- Three years later, in 534, though oppositions to the enthronement of Emperor Kinmei supported Ankan as emperor, Ankan passed away within a year.
- しかしながら重要な政治的局面で影響力を行使することもあったため異なるという意見もある。
- Yet others say that it was not exactly the same because the Japanese Emperor used his clout at important political situations.
- 従って、皇統内で武力や政治的圧力により皇位の移動があっても簒奪とは一般的には言わない。
- Therefore, when the Imperial Throne shifts within the imperial line due to military power or political pressure, generally speaking, this is not an usurpation of the imperial throne.
- その後は明智光秀の与力大名として久秀討伐(信貴山城の戦い)、一向一揆討伐などで活躍した。
- After that, Junkei helped Mitsuhide AKECHI as Yoriki Daimyo (territorial lord who supports other lords) to make military achievements including the expedition of Hisahide (the Battle of Shigisan-jo Castle) and the expedition of Ikko sect's revolts.
- 勢力は大きく衰退し、井伊谷の城と所領は家臣の横領や武田信玄の侵攻により数度失われている。
- Still, the Ii clan significantly lost their power, lost their castle and shoryo (territory) in Iinoya due in some part to embezzlements by vassals and the invasion of Shingen TAKEDA.
- 親貞は一門の実力者としてよく元親を補佐したが、その子親実が謀叛の嫌疑を受けて殺されした。
- Chikasada assisted Motochika as an influential person of the family, but his child Chikazane, was killed on suspicion for a rebellious act.
- 宣忠の時、本山氏、大平、山田などの諸族とともに長宗我部兼序を攻め滅ぼし、勢力を拡大する。
- In Nobutada's days, with the Motoyama clan and the Ohira clan, the Yamada clan so on, the Kira clan conquered Kanetsugu CHOSOKABE and expanded their power.
- 1891年11月:琵琶湖疏水の水を用いて、日本初の水力発電所となる蹴上発電所が稼動開始。
- November 1891: The Keage Power Plant, the first hydroelectric facility in Japan using water from Lake Biwa Canal, became operational.
- 江戸氏は1180年に源頼朝が挙兵した時、すでに武蔵国内の最有力の武家の一角となっていた。
- The Edo clan was already one of the most powerful samurai clans of Musashi Province when MINAMOTO no Yoritomo raised his army in 1180.
- 反細川派の勢力を結集し、3代将軍足利義満に頼之の罷免を求める康暦の政変で再び管領となる。
- Yoshimasa became a Kanrei again after the Koryaku Coup in which the anti-Hosokawa faction was gathered together and the third Shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA was asked to dismiss Yoriyuki.
- 大崎義直は家中の騒乱を自力で鎮圧できず、伊達氏から養子を迎えることで支援を受け鎮圧した。
- Since Yoshinao OSAKI was not able to suppress the disturbance in the family unassisted, he obtained assistance from the Date clan by receiving a child for adoption and put down the disturbance.
- 永享元年(1429年)に播磨の土一揆が発生するなど、その支配力に次第に翳りが見え始める。
- Including the occurrence of the peasant uprising in 1429 in Harima Province, the dominance of the clan started to fade gradually.
- 2003年3月 独立行政法人雇用・能力開発機構が進めていた「私のしごと館」が完成・開館。
- March, 2003: The construction of the Vocational Museum promoted by Employment and Human Resources Development Organization of Japan was completed and opened.
- 山腹には明日香村の保全に尽力した犬養孝氏揮毫の万葉歌碑(志貴皇子(巻1-51))がある。
- On the side of the hill, there is a stone monument on which a Manyo poem (a poem included in 'Manyoshu' [Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves]) (by Prince Shiki; Volume 1, No. 51) is inscribed in calligraphy by Takashi INUKAI who worked for the conservation of the Asuka village.
- 尊皇攘夷派は勢力挽回を試みており、京都守護職は新撰組を用いて市内の警備や探索を行わせる。
- The 'revere the emperor, expel foreigners' faction was trying to recover its strength, and the Kyoto protectorate used the Shinsen-gumi for security and searches in the city.
- しかしこの画策は失敗し、薩摩・長州を主体とする反幕勢力による武力倒幕が行われようとした。
- However, this plan failed, and the anti-bakufu forces, mainly Satsuma and Choshu, tried to begin overthrowing the shogunate.
- また、外交上は日英同盟を締結し、列強の一員たるべく、軍事的・経済的な国力の増強を図った。
- The Emperor concluded an Anglo-Japanese Alliance in diplomatic relations and tried to strengthen the military and the financial power as the member of the Great Powers.
- この内、源信 (公卿)・源常・源融は左大臣となり、平安時代初期に朝廷の一大勢力をなした。
- Among them, MINAMOTO no Makoto (noble), MINAMOTO no Tokiwa and MINAMOTO no Toru became Sadaijin, Minister of the Left and formed a big power of the Imperial court at the beginning of the Heian period.
- 頼朝亡き後もその子源頼家・源実朝の外戚として幕府内で強い影響力を持ち、初代執権となった。
- Even after Yoritomo died, Tokimasa remained influential in the bakufu as the grandfather of Yorimoto's sons MINAMOTO no Yoriie and MINAMOTO no Sanetomo, and became the first regent.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)に一時分裂したが、北朝 (日本)方二条良基のもとで勢力を取り戻した。
- The Nijo Family was once schismatized during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), but it regained power under Yoshimoto NIJO, who was on the Northern Dynasty (Japan) side.
- しかし1455年には下総国古河城を本拠として独立した勢力を保ち、以後古河公方と呼ばれる。
- In 1455, however, Mochiuji based himself at Koga-jo Castle in Shimousa Province and retained his power independently there ever since he was called Koga-kubo.
- 「それでは人的戦力を消耗する一方ではないか?」と質問して担当将校を返答に窮させたという。
- Therefore, he put a question to the officer, saying 'I think the suicide squad only results in the waste of manpower resources,' which embarrassed the officer in finding the answer.
- その後、緒川城主水野忠政のときには三河国碧海郡に勢力を伸ばして、刈谷城(刈谷市)に拠った。
- After that, during the time of Tadamasa MIZUNO, the lord of Ogawa-jo Castle, the Mizuno clan expanded their power as far as Aomi County, Mikawa Province and established their base at Kariya-jo Castle (Kariya City).
- 日本レイヨン株式会社の主力工場である宇治工場が、大正15年(1925年)12月に完成する。
- The Uji factory, the main factory of Nippon Rayon Co., Ltd., was completed in December 1925.
- ヤマト王権が勢力圏を拡大すると、奈良時代に丹国は分割され、舞鶴は丹後国加佐郡に入れられた。
- As the Yamato Dynasty expanded its territory, Ninokuni was divided during the Nara Period, causing Maizuru to be incorporated into Kasa-gun, Tango Province.
- これが多々良氏の初見であり、この頃すでに在庁官人として大きな勢力を持ち始めたと推定される。
- This was the first appearance of the Tatara clan, and it is supposed that it had already started to have a great power as a Zaichokanjin around those days.
- 守護二人制の採用理由として、和泉国は大国であるがゆえに権力の分散を目的としたとされている。
- It is believed that adaptation of double Shugo system was aimed at the divergence of power, as Izumi Province was a taigoku (major province).
- 頼遠の子・藤原経清(亘理権大夫)に至り、亘理地方に荘園を経営するなど勢力の伸張が見られた。
- At the time of Yorito's son, FUJIWARA no Tsunekiyo (Gon no daibu [a provisional master] of the Watari region), the clan managed a shoen (a manor in medieval Japan) in the Watari region, which is the implication of the expansion of the clan's power.
- だが、信長横死を知るや出兵し、中富川の戦いに勝利し、阿波国・讃岐国を完全に勢力下に入れた。
- As soon as he knew about Nobunaga's death, however, he dispatched troop and won the Battle of Nakatomi River and took complete control of Awa Province and Sanuki Province.
- 10月、尊氏は九州で勢力を拡大する直冬追討のために出陣すると、京都では直義が都を出奔する。
- In October, Takauji set out with his forces to attack Tadafuyu in Kyushu, who was increasing his power, and meanwhile, Tadayoshi escaped from Kyoto.
- 建武の新政が崩壊した後、後醍醐天皇は各地に自分の皇子を派遣し、味方の勢力を築こうと考えた。
- After the Kenmu Restoration collapsed, Emperor Godaigo dispatched his princes to various regions to gain support forces.
- 肥後国隈府(熊本県菊池市)を拠点に征西府の勢力を広げ、九州における南朝方の全盛期を築いた。
- He enhanced the force of Seiseifu fortress based in Waifu, Higo province (Kikuchi City, Kumamoto Prefecture), and achieved the heyday of the Southern Court in the Kyushu region.
- やがて、平家は勢力を盛り返して、讃岐国屋島に仮の内裏を置き、そして摂津国福原まで進出する。
- Soon after that the Taira clan took the political power back and built a tentative Imperial Palace in Yashima, in Sanuki Province, they went into Fukuhara, in Settsu Province.
- 更に勅旨田の廃止が昌泰の変直後であることから、藤原氏による皇室勢力抑制策とみる向きもある。
- Also, some people view Chokushiden as a control measure against the imperial force by Fujiwara clan since Chokushiden was abolished just after the Shotai Incident.
- 晴元の忠実な家臣で晴元の勢力を軍事面で支えていた三好政長を摂津国榎並に破った(江口の戦い)。
- Nagayoshi beat Nagamasa MIYOSHI who had been a loyal vassal of Harumoto and supported Harumoto's power in the military side in Enami, Settsu Province (the Battle of Eguchi).
- また、政康は東軍に与した美濃の有力国人の富島氏に協力して美濃土岐氏とも戦っていた形跡がある。
- Moreover, there is a sign that Masayasu also fought against Mino-Toki clan to cooperate with the Tomishima clan, which was a powerful local lord in Mino Province on the side of East squad.
- ただ、伊勢は国司北畠家の勢力が強く、その後もしばしば反乱が起き、世保家は統治に苦労している。
- However, since the Kitabatake family, who served as Kokushi (an officer of a province) had strong power in Ise Province, and often staged rebellions, the Seho family had difficulty in governing the province.
- 長州奇兵隊を結成した高杉晋作は「太平の世で堕落した武士より戦力になる」と考えていたとされる。
- Shinsaku TAKASUGI who organized the Choshu militia (Choshu Kiheitai) is said to have thought that his soldiers were superior to the samurai who had been corrupted in time of peace.
- 朝廷が行政能力をもっていないため、引き続き旧幕府が新政府下の実質的な政権を担う予定であった。
- The former Shogunate was to continue to take hold of the government even under the new government, for the Imperial Court did not have any administrative functions.
- 近年の研究では、「天皇」号が成立したのは天武天皇の時代(7世紀後半)以降との説が有力である。
- In recent year studies, the theory stating that the title 'Tenno' was adopted sometime after the period of Emperor Tenmu (latter half of 7th century) is a powerful one.
- この無血開城に勝海舟と共に尽力したのが、熾仁親王のかつての婚約者、静寛院宮(和宮)であった。
- It was Kaishu KATSU and the former Prince Taruhito's fiancee, Seikan in no Miya (Kazunomiya), who contributed to the opening of the Edo castle without any fighting.
- 上総国ばかりでなく常陸国や下総国にも勢力を拡大、坂東に武士団を形成し武家平氏の基盤を固めた。
- They expanded their power from Kazusa Province into Hitachi Province and Shimousa Province, forming armed groups in the Bando (old Kanto) region, which became the foundation of the Taira clan as samurai.
- 時政は鎌倉幕府の創立に尽力し、頼朝が征夷大将軍に任じられると、有力御家人としての地位を得る。
- Tokimasa devoted himself to establishing the Kamakura bakufu, and after his son-in-law Yoritomo was appointed to seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians'), he gained the status of powerful gokenin (an immediate vassal of the Shogunate).
- 幕末には朝廷権力の復活を背景に岩倉具視や三条実美など明治維新に功績を残した者を多数輩出した。
- At the end of the Edo period, with the background of a revival of chotei's authority, it produced many important figures, such as Tomomi IWAKURA and Sanemi SANJO who left great achievements during the Meiji Restoration.
- 皇族出身の軍人・参謀では出色の才能を持ち、軍首脳部を動かして、1万人の将兵の撤退に尽力した。
- He had a remarkable talent for a military man and staff officer from the Imperial family, he motivated top military leadership and endeavored to have some 10,000 soldiers evacuated.
- だが、淡路の淳仁天皇のもとに通う官人らも多くおり、また都でも天皇の復帰をはかる勢力もあった。
- However, many government officials visited Emperor Junnin to Awaji and also in the capital of the country, there were the power who attempted Emperor Junnin's return.
- 記紀の記述を尊重して、継体天皇を大王家の「遠い傍系に連なる有力王族」とする旧来の説があった。
- The traditional theory respected the descriptions in Kiki and believed that the Emperor Keitai came from 'a powerful royal family in a distant collateral line' of the great king's family.
- 例えば天皇の息子(皇太子)と弟(皇太弟)というように、皇位継承をめぐって権力闘争が起こった。
- There were power struggles over succession to the Imperial Throne, such as an emperor's son (crown prince) and his younger brother (the younger brother of an emperor who is the heir apparent).
- その一方で天皇の権威を利用し、信長の敵対勢力に対してたびたび講和の勅命を出させることとなる。
- On the other hand, Nobunaga used the Emperor's authority, and the Emperor often issued imperial peace orders to Nobunaga's opposition.
- 三河吉良氏は勢力の振るわない上に、西条吉良氏と東条吉良氏に分裂した内部抗争を収束させなかった。
- As well as its dull influence, the Mikawa-Kira clan could not settle the internal dispute between the Saijokira clan and the Tojokira clan.
- 11世紀半ば、陸奥国には安倍氏 (奥州)、出羽国には出羽清原氏という強力な豪族が存在していた。
- During the middle of the eleventh century, two powerful families existed in the area; the Abe clan (Oshu [Mutsu province]) ruled Mutsu Province, and the Dewa Kiyohara clan ruled Dewa Province.
- 永正5年(1508年)に細川高国と協力し、足利義稙を擁して中国・九州勢を率いて上洛を果たした。
- In 1508, he went up to Kyoto in cooperation with Takakuni HOSOKAWA, with Yoshitane ASHIKAGA at the head of Ouchi clan, while leading Chugoku and Kyushu forces.
- 足利氏の一門である今川氏でさえ、これまで大功のあった今川貞世が処罰され、勢力を弱められている。
- Even the power of the Imagawa clan, which was a family of the Ashikaga clan, was weakened by the punishment of Sadayo IMAGAWA, in spite of his great achievements in the past.
- 残存していた荘園制度等の旧制度が急速に崩壊し始めると、新しい価値観を身につけた勢力が登場した。
- As remaining outdated systems, including the manorial system, began to collapse quickly, social powers having new values came to the fore.
- 春が終わりに差し掛かるにつれて、南シナ海付近にある熱帯モンスーン気団が勢力を増し北上してくる。
- If spring comes close to its end, the tropical monsoon air mass in the vicinity of the South China Sea increases its strength and comes up to the north.
- また、梅雨前線が、勢力が弱まった台風や温帯低気圧とともに北上して一気に梅雨が明けることがある。
- In certain cases, the baiu front comes up to north together with a typhoon or tropical cyclone which has lost its strength and the baiu ends all of a sudden.
- 2つの高気圧がせめぎあい、勢力のバランスがほぼつり合っているとき、梅雨前線はほとんど動かない。
- If two high-pressure systems struggle with each other and the strength of both systems is balanced, the baiu front hardly moves.
- その背景には反大隈勢力の桂太郎派の画策があったと言われるが、後任の文相には犬養毅が任命された。
- It is said that there was a plan by the anti-Okuma force, the Taro KATSURA group, in the background, but Tsuyoshi INUKAI was appointed as the next Minister of Education.
- 同年2月14日に平貞盛・藤原秀郷らとの合戦で将門が討ち死にすると、将門の勢力は一気に瓦解した。
- Masakado died in the battle against TAIRA no Sadamori and FUJIWARA no Hidesato on February 14 of the same year, 940, whereupon his influence immediately ceased.
- 乱後、信西は政権の強化に尽力し、保元新制を発して荘園整理令・大寺社の統制・内裏再建などを行う。
- In an effort to strengthen the political authority of the Imperial Court, after the War, Shinzei issued the Hogen edict, which imposed the Decree Restricting the Expansion of Private Estates, introduced regulations governing major temples and shrines, and restored the Imperial Palace.
- 一方京都では、内親王の父である霊元法皇と天英院の実父・近衛基熙が同じように権力争いをしていた。
- On the other hand in Kyoto, there was another power struggle between Princess Yoshiko's father, the Cloistered Emperor Reigen and Teneiin's real father, Motohiro KONOE.
- 顕季は白河天皇の乳母の息子で、長じては白河法皇の院の近臣となり、政界及び歌壇の実力者となった。
- Akisue, the son of Menoto (nurse) of Emperor Shirakawa, was selected as a vassal of the Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa, and became an influential person in both the court and in literary circles.
- 左大臣石上麻呂を藤原京の管理者として残したため、右大臣藤原不比等が事実上の最高権力者になった。
- She ordered Sadaijin (Minister of the Left) ISONOKAMI no Maro to remain in the Fujiwara-kyo as an administrator, and therefore Udaijin (Minister of the Right) FUJIWARA no Fuhito became the de facto supreme power-wielder.
- 皇族勢力の巨頭として政界の重鎮となったが、対立する藤原氏の陰謀といわれる長屋王の変で自害した。
- Prince Nagaya became an authority of the political world as a leader of the imperial family, but committed suicide in the Nagayao no Hen (Conspiracy of Nagayao) which was said to be a conspiracy of the Fujiwara clan.
- だが最も重要な理由として、幕府が大名の力を削ぎ統制を強めることに大いに意を用いていた事にある。
- But the most important purpose for the prohibition was in the bakufu's motivation to weaken the influence of daimyo in order to control them more easily.
- 一方、津軽を領した下国家は15世紀半ば頃、東の八戸市方面から勢力を伸ばしてきた南部氏に追われた。
- On the other hand, the Shimonokuni family, which ruled Tsugaru Province, was forced out by the Nanbu clan, which was proceeding from the eastern area, to expand its influence.
- 細川氏が力を失った後の土佐においては土佐一条氏を奉じ、宣経の時に一条氏から伊予国守に任ぜられた。
- After the Hosokawa clan lost its power in Tosa Province, the Kira clan obeyed the Tosa Ichijo clan, and assigned to Iyo no kuni no kami (Governor of Iyo Province) by the Ichijo clan when the era of Nobutsune.
- 庄は当国の旗頭たるにより、植木下野守秀長、庄に力を合わせ横谷より攻め掛け、上野の勢を追い崩した。
- Because the Sho clan is ruling this province, Ueki Shimotsuke no kami Hidenaga and the clan attacked the Ueno force from the valley side and beat it.
- この結果、幕府内における直義の発言力の低下と師直の台頭が生じ、両派の対立に一層の拍車がかかった。
- As a result, Tadayoshi's power decreased within the bakufu and Moronao's power increased, leading to further conflict between the two groups.
- 532年(欽明2年) - 欽明天皇、山城国一帯に勢力があった秦大津父を紀郡深草里に探し右腕とする
- 532: Emperor Kinmei met HATA no Otsuchi, who had control over Yamashiro Province, in Fukakusa-no-sato Ki-no-kori and appointed him as his right-hand man.
- 足利一門の吉良氏は三河国と武蔵国に勢力を置いたが、武蔵の吉良氏は世田谷御所、吉良御所と称された。
- The Kira clan who is an Ashikaga clan, gained influence over Mikawa Province and Musashi Province, and the Kira clan in Musashi Province was referred to as Setagaya Gosho or Kira Gosho.
- そして、彼の子である源頼光、源頼親、源頼信らも父と同様に摂関家に仕え武門としての勢力を拡大した。
- His sons, MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu, MINAMOTO no Yorichika, MINAMOTO no Yorinobu, etc., like his father, also served the sekkan-ke (the families which produced the Regent and the Chief Adviser to the Emperor) and expanded their power as samurai family.
- また、20世紀後半に有力化した近江令不存在説にもとづけば、不改常典を近江令とする説は否定される。
- The Omi-Ryo nonexistent theory that has become influential in the latter part of the 20th century denies the theory that identifies Omi-Ryo with Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten.
- 「三宮」(后位)と総称して「院宮」といい、更に、有力貴族・寺社を含めた総称を院宮王臣家といった。
- 'In' and 'Sangu' (the Empress, the Dowager Empress, the Grand Dowager Empress) are collectively referred to as 'Ingu' and, further including dominant nobilities, temples and shrines, they were collectively termed Ingu oshinke.
- 有力氏族により大学別曹が形成されるようになると、在原氏も奨学院を創設し、子女の教育にあたらせた。
- Once powerful clans established a daigaku besso (a dormitory facility built near the University for the court noble's children), the Ariwara clan also established Shogakuin and send their children to study there.
- 尚政は家臣団の編成や城下町の開発、洪水対策に備えての木津川工事などに尽力し、藩政の基盤を固めた。
- Naomasa strengthened the foundations of the domain's administration by improving the organization of its vassalage, developing the castle town, and carrying out protection work of the Kizu-gawa River for flood prevention.
- その後、その勢力を警戒した頼朝から粛清を受け、信義は失脚し、弟や息子達の多くが死に追いやられた。
- Later, Nobuyoshi was purged by Yoritomo, who feared Nobuyoshi's power, and many of his brothers and sons were sent to their deaths.
- また、太上天皇(太上法皇)を意味する院ないし有力貴族、寺社と総称して院宮、院宮王臣家ともいった。
- In addition, it was also referred to as In meaning the retired emperor (or cloistered retired emperor) or, collectively with dominant nobilities and temples and shrines, as Ingu (imperial lady) or Ingu oshinke (a general term for imperial families and nobles who gathered strength by approaching the Emperor's power).
- 病弱だったといわれる長男・慶篤の後見を務め、夫の遺志であった慶喜の将軍擁立に尽力したと言われる。
- It is said that she was in charge of being a guardian of her first son, Yoshiatsu who seemed in poor health; She made great efforts to help Yoshinobu to become Shogun, which was also her husband's will.
- 特に明応の政変による幕府内部の混乱は幕府有力者達による山城国人衆への切り崩し工作となって現れた。
- The disorder within the bakufu brought by the Coup of Meio prompted the bakufu leaders to wipe out the local samurais of Yamashiro Province.
- 当初朝鮮政府は日本人には徴税権・検断権も行使出来なかった為、彼等を統制下に置こうと圧力をかける。
- Since the Korean Government was at first unable to exercise on Japanese the right to collect taxes nor the right to judge criminal cases, it pressured them in an attempt to put them under its control.
- また、堀田氏、酒井氏、本多氏などの有力譜代大名が転封を繰り返す中、彦根藩家は1度の転封もなかった。
- In addition, the Hikone Domain family never changed their territory while other powerful fudai daimyos such as Hotta clan, Sakai clan, and Honda clan continuously changed their territories.
- 土岐光定の時に執権北条貞時の娘を妻としており、土岐氏が幕府において有力な地位にあったことが分かる。
- Mitsusada TOKI married the daughter of Sadatoki HOJO, the regent to the Kamakura shogunate, which implies that the Toki clan was in a powerful position in the bakufu.
- 蓮如は全人衆からの強い支持を受けて後に「堅田門徒」と称せられるほどの勢力をこの地に築く事になった。
- Rennyo, supported by Zenjin-shu, became so influential that he built a power called 'Katada-monto' (followers).
- そのため、しばしば政治に混乱が生じ、宦官と共に権力を壟断する害悪として常に王朝の頭痛の種になった。
- This often caused political disorder, and the maternal relatives were always the thorn in the side of the dynasty as a poison that monopolizes the powers along with the eunuchs.
- 経盛は親平氏勢力の延暦寺と戦端を開くつもりはなく出兵を拒否、重盛・宗盛も清盛の指示に従うと称した。
- Tsunemori refused to send an army as he had no intention to fight against Enryaku-ji Temple, the supporter of the Taira clan, Shigemori and Munemori followed Kiyomori's order.
- かように藤原氏の勢力争いに翻弄され、永観2年(984年)、懐仁親王の立太子を条件に花山天皇に譲位。
- Thus the Emperor was at the mercy of a power struggle within the Fujiwara clan, and he abdicated and passed the throne to Emperor Kazan in 984 after Imperial Prince Yasuhito became the crown prince.
- 尚、近年の研究では、天皇の退位は院政の実施を図ったものではなく、病によるものとする説が有力である。
- Based on recent studies, there is a strong theory that the Emperor abdicated the throne due to his illness, not due to his intention to rule the cloister government.
- ここに至って明治新政府も陰陽寮が反「近代科学」勢力の中心になる事を恐れて陰陽寮の解体に乗り出した。
- Then, finally the new Meiji government launched dissolution of Onmyoryo for the fear of it becoming the core of the anti-modern science power.
- これは天皇家の権力が絶対ではなく、あくまでも諸豪族を束ねる長(おさ)という立場であったためである。
- This is because the Imperial family didn't have absolute power since their responsibility was to manage local ruling families.
- 石山本願寺を本拠地として、証如は諸大名や幕府、朝廷との緊密化を図り、本願寺の勢力基盤を安定させた。
- Shonto promoted closer ties with feudal lords, the shogunate, and the imperial court so as to stabilize the power base of the Hongan-ji Temple.
- 土・日・祝日には、点在する観光名所を循環する舞鶴観光周遊バス(運転協力費100円)が運行されている。
- On Saturdays, Sundays and national holidays, Maizuru Sightseeing Excursion Buses operate across a variety of sight seeing points (An operation support fee of \100 is charged).
- 進氏(しんし)は南北朝時代 (日本)から室町時代にかけて伯耆国西部(西伯耆)に勢力を持っていた国人。
- The Shin clan was a local ruling family who was influential in the western part of Hoki Province (West Hoki) from the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) to the Muromachi period.
- 小辺路沿道の吉野の山村では物資移送をもっぱら人力に頼っていたが、明治中期以降は馬を使うようになった。
- The locals of villages in the mountains of Yoshino along Kohechi depended on human power to carry goods, however, after the middle of the Meiji era, they used horses.
- 「奈良」の語源としては「平らな、平坦な(土地)」を意味する「なら(す)」であるという説が有力である。
- According to the widely accepted theory, the word 'Nara' is derived from 'nara (su)' meaning 'flat or even (land).'
- 室町時代に入ると延暦寺の勢力はますます大きくなり、足利義教や細川政元ら権力者による焼き討ちが相次ぐ。
- In the Muromachi period, the power of Enryaku-ji Temple increasingly became big, and it was successively set on fire by powerful people such as Yoshinori ASHIKAGA and Masamoto HOSOKAWA.
- そのため、義朝は河内源氏の勢力回復をはかり、藤原信頼と手を結んで後白河天皇を幽閉、平治の乱を起こす。
- Accordingly, Yoshitomo, in an attempt to recover the power of Kawachi-Genji, formed an alliance with FUJIWARA no Nobuyori to confine Emperor Goshirakawa and began the Heiji War.
- しかし、膳氏(高橋氏)が6世紀には膳職の伴造の地位につき、東国とのゆかりが深いとする説が有力である。
- However, it was a widely-accepted theory that the Kashiwade clan (Takahashi clan) was assigned the zenshoku position in the Tomonomiyatsuko clan during the sixth century and had close connection with the east provinces.
- また、皇子具平親王の末裔は「村上源氏」として、以後の宮廷政治において大きな影響力を与えるようになる。
- Also, the descendant of Prince Tomohira had a dramatic influence as MURAKAMI Genji (the MINAMOTO clan originating from Emperor Murakami) would in future turn toward politics controlled by the Imperial Palace.
- また、得宗家の家政を取り仕切る最高責任者は内管領と呼ばれ、長崎円喜のように権力を振るうものも現れた。
- The chief officials of the private affairs of the Tokuso family were called Uchi-Kanrei, and some of them, such as Enki NAGASAKI, wielded power.
- 当初は独立的立場を取っていたが、富士川の合戦を期に源頼朝に協力して戦功をあげ駿河国守護を任ぜられる。
- Although he adopted an independent position initially, he later achieved distinguished war service during the Battle of the Fuji River in cooperation with Minamoto no Yoritomo and was appointed as shugo of Suruga Province.
- 在京期間のほうが長くなったこともあり、周辺諸国からの圧力、有力国人の離反などが相次いで勢力を弱める。
- Because the clan's army stayed for long in Kyoto, the clan's power declined due to pressure exerted by neighboring provinces and the successive alienation of influential local samurai.
- ただし考古学の絶対年代はよほど強力な史料などが出ない限り、常に浮動的であることに注意する必要がある。
- However, it is to be noted that a conclusive age in archeology is always floating unless there appears an exceptionally strong historical material, etc.
- ヤマト王権では推古朝の頃には馬を管理する官職が存在しており、畿内の有力豪族により馬産が行われていた。
- In the Yamato sovereignty (the ancient Japan sovereignty) at the Reign of Empress Suiko, the government post to manage the horses already existed, a powerful clan produced horses in and around the capital.
- 戦国時代 (日本)には一族同士の争いの結果、一族(清洲三奉行弾正忠家)の織田信長が勢力を大きく広げた。
- As a result of inter-clan conflicts in the Sengoku period (period of warring state), Nobunaga ODA of the clan (three magistrates of Kiyosu Danjonojo family) wielded his influence greatly.
- その反乱の鎮圧の最中に安芸国の最大勢力であった毛利元就も反旗を翻して、安芸国内の陶方の諸城を攻略した。
- During the suppression of the rebellion, Motonari MORI, who had the greatest power in Aki Province, also led a rebellion, and conquered Sue side's castles in Aki Province.
- 南朝主力の楠木正儀や北畠顕信、千種顕経、直義派であった山名時氏などが京都を攻略し、義詮は近江へ逃れる。
- The main force behind the Southern Court, Masanori KUSUNOKI, and Akinobu KITABATAKE, Akitsune CHIGUSA and Tokiuji YAMANA of the Tadayoshi group, attacked Kyoto and Yoshiakira escaped to Omi.
- 太平洋戦争が迫りくるなかで、日本政府と軍部は各種の鉱産物の不足に直面し、国産化を促進する努力を始めた。
- As the Pacific War loomed, the Japanese government and the military faced shortages of various mineral products and launched efforts to boost their domestic production.
- また、果無山脈関西電力の風力発電計画のように、危機にさらされている箇所があることも課題のひとつである。
- One of the pressing matters is that some sections are just about to be lost, including the section in the Hatenashi Mountain Range which was chosen as the development site for wind power generation by Kansai Electric Power.
- しかし、すでに幕府の権力は執権の地位にあった北条氏が保持していたため、将軍といえども名目となっていた。
- However, by that time, the power of the bakufu had been grasped by the Hojo clan who served as a Shikken; shogunal regent, the existence of the shogun was just nominal.
- 夫帝より9歳年長の妃であり、威子自身はこれを恥ずかしがったというが、実力者道長の娘として重んじられた。
- She was older than her husband by nine years and she was ashamed of it, but she was respected as the daughter of a powerful figure Michinaga.
- そして遂に、第4代公方・足利持氏の時代には第6代将軍・足利義教と武力衝突(永享の乱)するまでに至った。
- In the end, during the era of the fourth Kamakura-kubo Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, the conflict resulted in an armed clash (the Eikyo War) with the sixth shogunate Yoshinori ASHIKAGA.
- 近隣には古河公方と親密な結城氏、千葉氏の勢力が存在し、真里谷氏はその下風に立たざるを得なくなっていた。
- However, as there were influential families nearby, such as the Yuki clan, the Chiba clan, both of which had close relationship with Koga-kubo, the Mariya clan had no choice but to fall under the sway of their influence.
- 下冷泉家は播磨下向時代以来豊臣秀吉と親しい間柄だったため、秀吉は下冷泉家の再興に協力を惜しまなかった。
- The Shimo Reizei family had maintained a close relationship with Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI from their time in Harima, and Hideyoshi actively cooperated in restoring their fortunes.
- 信重の復帰以降も国内の有力国人や守護代である跡部氏の専横や一族の内紛、周辺地域からの侵攻に悩まされた。
- After Nobumitsu restored it, the clan was still annoyed with the rebellion of influential local samurai, the arbitrary behavior of shugodai (deputy of shugo) Atobe clan, the strife inside the clan and the invasion by neighboring provinces.
- 種継が中心として行っていた長岡京造営の目的の1つには東大寺や大安寺などの奈良寺院の影響力排除があった。
- One of the purposes in the construction of Nagaoka-kyo led by Tanetsugu was to eliminate all influences by Nara Temples, including the Todai-ji Temple and the Daian-ji Temple.
- 平城京遷都後、右大臣藤原不比等が政界の中心となり、舎人親王や長屋王ら皇親勢力がこれに対する形であった。
- After transferring of the national capital to Heijo, udaijin (minister of the right) FUJIWARA no Fuhito played a main role in the political world, and the pro-imperial force, such as Imperial Prince Toneri and Prince Nagaya, rivaled him.
- 近江源氏棟梁の佐々木氏が、家を分けて六角氏・京極氏となったが、室町時代に京極氏は有力な守護大名となった。
- The Sasaki clan, the toryo (head of the clan) of the Omi-Genji (Minamoto clan), split into the Rokkaku clan and the Kyogoku clan, and in the Muromachi period, one of them, the Kyogoku clan became dominant Shugo Daimyo (provincial military governor).
- しかし、四国に渡り阿波を中心とする分国支配を堅持することにより敵対勢力を退け、やがて中央政界に復帰した。
- However, he repulsed the enemy forces by traveling to Shikoku and steadfastly maintaining the provincial control centering on Awa, and soon returned to the national political arena.
- しかし、天下統一を目前に本能寺の変で信長が討たれると内部分裂、有力家臣豊臣秀吉の台頭などで家勢は衰えた。
- When Nobunaga was killed in the Honnoji Incident immediately before unification of the whole country, the clan fractionalized internally and the family's vigor decreased as a powerful vassal Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI appeared.
- 宗全の死後、家督は山名政豊が継いだものの、宗全死去や応仁の乱などによって一族の勢力は急速に衰退してゆく。
- Sozen's death and the continuation of the Onin War rapidly diminished the power of the clan, even though Masatoyo YAMANA took over the family estate as the head of the Yamana clan.
- 刈田狼藉とは土地の所有を主張するために田の稲を刈り取る実力行使であり、武士間の所領紛争に伴って発生した。
- The karita-rozeki, an act of harvesting rice in the paddy field in order to claim the ownership of the land, occurred with the conflicts of land appropriation among samurai.
- 以降、徳川慶喜が降伏恭順に徹したため、反抗を続ける旧幕府勢力は糾合の核を欠き、戦力の結集が行えなかった。
- Afterwards, since Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA lived in surrender and obedience, the former Shogunate forces, which had still continued to rebel, lost the core of the movement and were unable to unite their forces.
- 古代より大陸との交流が盛んな所で近年の考古学的発掘によりこの地方に一大勢力があったことが確認されている。
- Areas on the Tango Peninsula have had close contact with the Asian continent since ancient times, and archaeological excavations in recent years have shown that powerful clans existed in the region.
- 作家の司馬遼太郎は、この事件がなかったら薩長土肥主力の明治維新は永遠にこなかったであろうと解釈している。
- Author Ryotaro SHIBA's interpretation is that the Meiji Restoration led by the four major clans of Satsuma, Choshu, Tosa, and Bizen would never have happened without this incident.
- 2007年6月、奈良新聞が「吉野晴夫が暴力団関係者を通じて榎信晴・前市長に辞職を強要した」疑惑を報じた。
- In June, 2007, Nara Newspaper reported a suspicion that 'Haruo YOSHINO would have forced the former mayor, Nobuharu ENOKI into resigning his office through people relating to gangster organizations.'
- 政元の養子の一人細川澄元の出身の阿波守護家の守護代三好氏が畿内に進出し、その勢力は主家を凌ぐようになる。
- The Miyoshi clan, the Shugodai (the acting Military Governor) of Shugo (military governor) family of Awa and which one of Masamoto's adopted children Sumimoto HOSOKAWA was from, advanced into Kinai region and their power came to overwhelm that of the head family.
- このことによって天皇の権威は復活したが、幕府は当初、公武合体により、反幕勢力の批判を封じ込めようとした。
- From this incident the authority of the Emperor was restored, but at first, the bakufu tried to stop the criticism from anti-bakufu forces by carrying out Kobu-gattai (reconciliation between the Imperial Court and the shogunate).
- しかし、一族の多くを失った源義朝は、同じく天皇方についた平清盛と比較して勢力を伸ばすことができなかった。
- However, MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo, who lost many of his family, could not expand his power compared to TAIRA no Kiyomori, who also supported the Emperor.
- 翌年、常陸国の豪族藤原玄明と常陸介藤原維幾が対立し、玄明に助力した将門は常陸国府を襲撃、国府を占領した。
- The following year, when a confrontation arose between FUJIWARA no Haruaki, a powerful regional clan in Hitachi Province, and FUJIWARA no Korechika, the Hitachi no suke (Assistant Governor of Hitachi Province), Masakado, assisting Haruaki, attacked the Hitachi provincial office and occupied it.
- 父の清盛は保元の乱、平治の乱に勝利して、武家ながら朝廷内で大きな力を持つようになり、平氏政権を形成する。
- Her father, Kiyomori won the Hogen War and the Heiji War, and he had strong political power inside the Imperial Palace, although he was a Samurai, he formed the base of the Taira clan.
- 810年代のうちは右大臣藤原園人主導のもと、有力貴族・寺社を抑制し貧民救済を重視する政策がとられていた。
- During 810's, Udaijin (minister of the right), FUJIWARA no Sonohito took the initiative in policies that controlled powerful peerage and temples, shrines, and focused on relief of the poor.
- この変遷は、天皇の母系にあたる摂関家が、天皇の父系にあたる上皇に、権力を奪われたものとみることができる。
- This change in politics could be seen as political power was taken away by the retired emperor who was the Emperor's paternal line, from the regent and chancellor families who were from maternal line of the Emperor.
- 本来皇位につくべきでない人物が武力や政治的圧力で君主の地位を譲ることを強要するという意味合いが含まれる。
- It implies that people who are not supposed to be in the Imperial Throne position force the Imperial family members to give up the position by military force or political pressure.
- 義輝の代に、細川氏の没落後台頭した三好長慶と共に幕政を壟断したものの長慶と対立し失脚したため勢力を弱めた。
- During the period of Yoshiteru, they exclusively controlled the shogunate government with Nagayoshi MIYOSHI who increased in power after the decline of the Hosokawa clan, but later the Ise clan conflicted with Nagayoshi and lost their position, weakening their power.
- 愛季は織田信長とも誼を通じる一方、浅利勝頼ら領内の反抗勢力を滅ぼし、由利地方から大宝寺氏の干渉を駆逐した。
- Chikasue, who was associated with Nobunaga ODA, defeated the opposition powers within the territory including Katsuyori ASARI, and swept out the intervention of Daihoji clan from Yuri region.
- 大王家とも比肩し得る雄であった葛城氏は、雄略とその配下の軍事力の前に、完全に潰え去ることとなったのである。
- The Katsuraki clan, which used to be so virile as to have comparable strength as the Okimi family, finally lost their power with this incident.
- 家系は清和天皇の血をひく清和源氏の一家系 河内源氏の棟梁 鎮守府将軍源義家の子 源義国を足利氏の有力一門。
- The family was an influential family of the Ashikaga clan, which was founded by MINAMOTO no Yoshikuni, a child of MINAMOTO no Yoshiie who was a Chinju-fu shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of the North) and head of the Kawachi-Genji which was a family line of Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan) originated from Emperor Seiwa.
- 新庄藩を占領し久保田城に迫ったが、他の同盟藩の降伏によって新政府軍の兵力が増強されたため領内へと撤退した。
- The Shonai Domain occupied the Shinjo Domain and advanced to Kubota Castle, but retreated back into its own territory because the new government's forces became dominate from the surrender of some of Shonai's allied domains.
- 逆に「西軍」は山名氏始めとしてこうした細川氏とその同盟勢力の台頭に警戒感を強める地方の勢力が参加していた。
- Conversely, the Western camp comprised the Yamana family and local forces were increasingly alarmed by the growing presence of the Hosokawa family and its allies,
- 天皇は寵愛の更衣、紀静子所生の第一皇子惟喬親王に期待したが、良房の圧力で惟仁を皇太子とせざるを得なかった。
- The Emperor wanted his first prince, Koretaka, the son of his favorite Koi (KI no Shizuko), to succeed the throne; however, due to Yoshifusa's political pressure he had no choice but to let Korehito become the crown prince.
- その後、亮政は勢力拡大を図って南近江の六角定頼と対立するも、一時、定頼の攻勢に押されてしまったことがある。
- Afterwards, Sukemasa opposed Sadayori ROKKAKU in Minami Omi (Southern Omi Province due to the attempt to expand his influence, and he was once backfooted by Sadayori's offensive.
- 時頼は前将軍藤原頼経を鎌倉から追放、与同する有力御家人を排除し、執権として確固とした権威を築く(宮騒動)。
- Tokiyori expelled former shogun Yoritsune FUJIWARA from Kamakura and excluded the powerful gokenin on Yoritsune's side, thus establishing the absolute authority of the position of regent (these events are known as the Miya-sodo, which literally means 'palace disturbance').
- 五条家自身は既に京都相撲の力士・大碇紋太郎に横綱免許を発給したことを最後に相撲界との縁から遠ざかっている。
- The Gojo family has distanced itself from the world of sumo wrestling since it last issued a yokozuna license to a sumo wrestler of Kyoto zumo, Montaro OIKARI.
- 泰綱の一族である六角氏が佐々木氏の嫡流であることは変わりはなかったが、その勢力は大きく減退することになる。
- The fact that the Rokkaku clan (namely the Yasutsuna family) was the legitimate blood of the Sasaki clan remained unchanged, but the Rokkaku clan's power was seriously weakening.
- 1582年、本能寺の変が起きて光秀が信長を殺すと、その与力という関係から協調行動を勧誘されるが、順慶は拒否。
- When Mitsuhide murdered Nobunaga in the Honnoji Incident in 1582, Junkei was induced by Mitsuhide to cooperate because Junkei had been Mitsuhide's Yoriki, however, he rejected it.
- 戦国時代 (日本)の武将である織田信長の家臣、木下藤吉郎秀吉は戦功を上げて織田家でも有数の有力家臣となった。
- Hideyoshi Tokichiro KINOSHITA, who was the vassal of Nobunaga ODA, a busho (Japanese military commander) in the Sengoku period (period of warring states), became one of the powerful vassals in the Oda family by rendering the distinguished service in war.
- 大内持世は嘉吉元年(1441年)の嘉吉の乱に巻き込まれ非業の死を遂げるが、養子の大内教弘が勢力を引き継いだ。
- Mochiyo OUCHI was involved in the Kakitsu War and died a violent death in 1441, however, his adopted son, Norihiro OUCHI succeeded to his power.
- 未発見の原因は、大きな建物が焼け落ちた膨大な残骸の中に当時の調査能力で遺骸は見つけられないという指摘がある。
- With respect to the reason why Nobunaga's body was not found, there is a view that it was impossible with capability of search at that time to find the in large volume of wreck after a huge building was burnt down.
- 開戦時での兵力や兵站は旧幕府軍が圧倒的に優勢であったが、小銃での戦闘に習熟した新政府軍に対応できず大敗した。
- At the beginning of the war, the former Shogunate forces were far superior in military strength and logistics, but later were severely defeated by the new government's forces accustomed to battle with rifles.
- 上賀茂小学校・上賀茂幼稚園・上賀茂保育園・上賀茂児童館および各保護者会が協力し防犯等の連絡を取り合っている。
- Kamigamo Elementary School, Kamigamo Kindergarten, Kamigamo Nursery School, Kamigamo Children's Center and each parents' associations work together to communicate about security, and so on.
- 上賀茂小学校・上賀茂幼稚園・上賀茂保育園および各保護者会が協力して自転車用のヘルメットの着用に向けて努力中。
- Kamigamo Elementary School, Kamigamo Kindergarten, Kamigamo Nursery School and each parents' associations cooperate to encourage the use of cycling helmets.
- 膳氏とは逆に瀬戸内海、壱岐など西国に影響力をもち、淡路島や小豆島などの海人、海部を支配していたとも言われる。
- Unlike the Kashiwade clan, the Azumi clan influenced on the western provinces such as; the Seto Inland Sea and Iki, and dominated male divers and amabe (people who served the Imperial court with their techniques of ocean navigation) in Awaji-shima Island and Shodo-shima Island.
- これに対応して行政機構も太政官と大弁官が並立し上層官僚貴族には実質的な権力を伴わない納言の官職が与えられた。
- For this reason, Daijokan (Grand Council of State) and Daibenkan (Major Controller) conducted the affairs of state and the position of Nagon without any practical power was given to the bureaucrats of high rank.
- 父の三条天皇は藤原道長の圧力により、道長の孫にあたる一条天皇の第2皇子敦成親王(後一条天皇)を皇太子とした。
- His father, Emperor Sanjo was forced by FUJIWARA no Michinaga to install Imperial Prince Atsuhira (Emperor Goichijo), the second prince of Emperor Ichijo who was the grandchild of Michinaga as a crown prince.
- 43年には後南朝勢力が土御門内裏に夜襲をかけ、後花園は逃れるが、三種の神器の一部を奪われる禁闕の変が起こる。
- In 1443, the Second Southern Court forces made a night attack on the Tsuchimikado Palace and Emperor Gohanazono escaped, then the Kinketsu Disturbance occurred and one of three sacred emblems of the Imperial Family was stolen.
- 昭和の当主・三条西公正は、実践女子大学教授などを勤める一方、御家流香道宗家として香道の復興・発展に尽力した。
- The family head in the Showa period was Kimimasa SANJONISHI, who worked as a professor at Jissen Women's University and dedicated considerable effort to restoring and nurturing the art of fragrance as the head house of the Oie-style art of fragrance.
- 定頼は足利将軍家の管領代となり、観音寺城を本拠として近江一帯に一大勢力を築き上げ、六角氏の最盛期を創出した。
- Sadayori became the kanryodai (delegated lord) of the Ashikaga shogun family, was based at Kannonji Castle, and built power across Omi in order to foster the full blossoming of the Rokkaku clan.
- 「徳川」姓は、家康個人が松平氏内部で専制権力を確立して松平一族と家臣団を統制するために使われたと考えられる。
- The 'Tokugawa' surname established Ieyasu's autocratic powers within the Matsudaira clan and as such, it is thought Ieyasu exploited the entire Matsudaira clan and framework of retainers.
- もしこの説が正しければ、継体天皇が畿内勢力の抵抗にあい、長期に渡って奈良盆地へ入れなかったとする説が崩れる。
- If this hypothesis is correct, it will undermine the theory which believes that the resistance from the forces in Kinai region (the five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto) retarded Emperor Keitai' entry into Nara Basin for years.
- しかし1561年の長慶の弟・十河一存の急死や1563年の長慶の子・三好義興の死は、久秀の毒殺説が有力である。
- However, it is a widely accepted theory that the sudden death of Chokei's younger brother Kazumasa SOGO in 1561 and the death of Chokei's son Yoshioki MIYOSHI in 1563 were the results of poisoning by Hisahide.
- 一連の事件は山部親王の立太子を支持していた藤原式家による他戸親王追い落としの陰謀であるとの見方が有力である。
- It is generally understood that the series of incidents was a conspiracy implemented by Fujiwara Shikike (a sub branch of Fujiwara family) who supported Imperial Prince Yamanobe assuming Crown Prince.
- 義種は小侍所の頭人に任じられるなど幕府の中枢で活躍し、また若狭、加賀の各守護にも補任される有力な大名であった。
- Yoshitane actively worked in the center of Bakufu like being appointed as the head of Kozamurai dokoro (an office of officers to guard Shogun in attendance), and was such an influential Daimyo as to be appointed as Shugo (provincial constable) of Wakasa Province and also Kaga Province.
- ところが、3代将軍足利義満の治世では将軍の権力強化の煽りを受けて、勢力削減の対象となった守護大名家が出てきた。
- However, under the reign of the 3rd Shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, who was aiming at strengthening his authority, the powers of several Shugo daimyo families were forced to diminish.
- 京都小笠原氏の一族は将軍側近の有力武将として重きをなすとともに、幕府初期から的始めなどの幕府儀礼参加している。
- The Kyoto-Ogasawara clan played an important role as powerful military commander close to shogun and participated in ceremonies of bakufu such as Mato-hajime (first shoot in beginning of year), since the beginning of bakufu.
- これに対し石田三成を中心とした反家康勢力が反発し慶長5年(1600年)に全国を二分する関ヶ原の戦いが勃発した。
- Anti-Ieyasu powers led by Mitsunari ISHIDA opposed such moves by Ieyasu, resulting in the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, which divided the entire country into two parties.
- 織田信長包囲網の一翼を担って一時期信長を苦しめた毛利氏は、羽柴秀吉の前に後退に次ぐ後退でひと頃の勢力を失った。
- The Mori clan that for a certain period had harassed Nobunaga by playing a part of an encircling net was forced by Hideyoshi HASHIBA to repeatedly retreat in succession and lost all the influence they had in the past.
- 北上を続ける梅雨前線は、6月中旬に入ると、中国では南嶺山脈付近に停滞、日本では本州付近にまで勢力を広げてくる。
- In mid-June, baiu front which continues to go up to the north becomes stationary in China in the vicinity of Nanling and extends its force to the area near Honshu (the main island of Japan).
- 梅雨前線を構成する気団はいずれも勢力が拮抗しているため、ほぼ同じ地域を南北にゆっくりと移動する停滞前線となる。
- Because air masses which compose the baiu front has similar strength with each other, it becomes a stationary front that moves slowly between the south and north.
- この記事により、現行の近江八景の成立は、近衛信尹によるものという見方が有力である(奥書の原本は未確認である)。
- With this scroll and its colophon, the theory that the present Omihakkei was established by Nobutada KONOE is prevailing (the original of the colophon has not been confirmed).
- こうした皇室制度は、国民から隔絶した絶対的な権力を有する天皇制天皇制絶対主義であると規定する学者も少なくない。
- There are many scholars that define this system of Imperial Household as the system of absolutism by the Emperor, which holds absolute powers that are isolated from the people.
- 幕藩体制が揺ぎ始めると、江戸幕府も反幕勢力もその権威を利用しようと画策し、結果的に天皇の権威が高められていく。
- When the shogunate system started to waver, both the Edo Bakufu and the anti-bakufu forces planned to use the authority of the Emperor, and as a result, the authority of the Emperor was heightened.
- 宮内省(当時)が近畿各地の寺社旧家や、有力な伝説地などの調査を行なったが陵墓に関わる資料は発見に至らなかった。
- Although the Imperial Household Ministry (now the Imperial Household Agency) investigated temples, old houses and places appearing in legends in Kinki region, no materials were found that convey information on his mausoleum.
- 「私も、皇后も、将来重い立場に立つ皇太子、皇太子妃の健康を願いつつ、二人の力になっていきたいと願っています。」
- While praying for the health of the Crown Prince and Crown Princess, both of whom are ordained to assume heavy position in the future, the Empress and I would like to assist them as much as possible.'
- 天武天皇13年(684年)誕生説が有力であるが、懐風藻の記事にもとづき天武天皇5年(676年)とする説もある。
- There is a dominant theory which states that he was born in 684, but there is another theory which states that he was born in 676 based on the articles of Kaifusou (Fond Recollections of Poetry).
- 継体天皇以降は、大和国の勢力と越前国や近江国など北方の豪族の勢力が一体化し、ヤマト王権の力が国内で強くなった。
- After the reign of Emperor Keitai, the force in Yamato Province and the forces of local ruling families in Echizen province, Omi Province, and other northern areas were unified, which strengthened the power of Yamato sovereignty (the ancient Japan sovereignty) in Japan.
- そのため李完用など親日派勢力により皇帝の退位が画策され、7月20日、皇太子への譲位に追い込まれ太上皇となった。
- On this occasion, Lee Wan-yong and other pro-Japanese people planned to depose the emperor, who was forced to pass the throne on to the crown prince on July 20 and become a retired emperor.
- こうした状況に不満を募らせた任用の中には、現地の有力者である富豪層(田堵層)と結んで受領を襲撃する者も現れた。
- Some of the ninyo who had been aggravating a grievance, attacked the zuryo by collaborating with the locally influential wealthy class of tato.
- 1532年に法華宗の大檀那であった三好元長を憎む一向宗の力を借り、三好元長を堺の顕本寺に攻めて自害に追い込んだ。
- In 1532, with the help from Ikko sect that hated Motonaga MIYOSHI who was a big patron of Hokke sect Harumoto attacked Motonaga MIYOSHI in Kenpon-ji Temple in Sakai and forced Motonaga to kill himself.
- 斎藤妙椿は越前国の朝倉孝景 (7代当主)と共にこの時代に守護代が守護の力を凌いだ事例(下克上)として有名である。
- Myochin SAITO's case in this period as well as the case of Takakage ASAKURA (the 7th head of the Asakura family) in Echizen Province are famous as good examples of Gekokujo (an inverted social order when the lowly reigned over the elite) when the power of Shugodai (deputy provincial constable) exceeded that of Shugo (provincial constable).
- 兵力は、『応仁記』によれば東軍が16万、西軍が11万以上であったと記されているが、誇張があるとも指摘されている。
- The Eastern camp had 160,000 samurai and the Western, 110,000 or more, according to 'Oninki' (The Record of the Onin War), but some suspect these figures may be exaggerated.
- 福知山都市圏は集客力が高く、福知山市が掲げる北近畿の都という名称にあう商業や様々な分野での中心都市となっている。
- The Fukuchiyama urban area has been attracting many visitors; accordingly, Fukuchiyama City has become a center of business and other fields so that the city has become deserved 'the capital of the northern Kinki region', the name it gave itself.
- またこれら海産物が豊富に捕れる地域の支配が、地域の権力者によって重要な政治的意味を持ったことは十分に想像できる。
- It was imaginable enough that dominating the areas that had abundant marine products had important political implications for the local authority.
- 前後の諸宮が全て奈良盆地の中に位置しているので、候補としては第1・2説が有力とみられるが、その詳細は不明である。
- In Kojiki, there is a description that the Imperial Palace was 'Katashio no ukiana no miya.'
- 天皇の皇子であるので、とうぜん親王となる資格があったが、平家政権の圧力があり、親王宣下を得られなかったともいう。
- He had the right to become Imperial Prince since he was the son of the Emperor, however he did not receive a title to become Prince by the Imperial Palace due to the Taira family politically pressuring him.
- 延暦寺の大衆が明雲の身柄を奪回したため、後白河は延暦寺の末寺・荘園の没収を図り、延暦寺武力攻撃を平経盛に命じる。
- After the priests from Enryaku-ji Temple regained control of Myoun, Goshirakawa planned to abolish branch temples of Enryaku-ji Temples and manors, and ordered TAIRA no Tsunemori to go ahead with an the armed attack on Enryaku-ji Temple.
- あくまで律令官制の最高位に君臨するのは天皇であり、その天皇を代行・補佐することが、摂関の権力の源泉となっていた。
- It was the Emperor who was at the top position of the organization of government, according to the ritsuryo codes, it was the source of regent and chancellor's authority to act as Emperor or to support the emperor.
- だが、藤原武智麻呂夫人(藤原豊成・藤原仲麻呂兄弟の生母)や藤原良継夫人安倍古美奈などの有力者の夫人を出している。
- However, some of the Abe clan members became the wives of influential persons including the wife of FUJIWARA no Muchimaro (she gave birth to FUJIWARA no Toyonari and FUJIWARA no Nakamaro), as well as ABE no Komina, the wife of FUJIWARA no Yoshitsugu.
- しかし、1515年八上城を築いて根拠とした波多野氏が次第に勢力を増大させていくにしたがって内藤氏の勢いは衰える。
- The power of the Naito clan waned as the Hatano clan, which built Yakami-jo Castle in 1515 as its base, gradually expanded its power.
- 輝かしき祖先たちの徳の力により、はるかな昔から代々絶えることなくひと筋に受け継がれてきた皇位にのぼった朕は...
- Thanks to the great virtue of our ancestors, the Imperial throne was succeeded by only one unbroken family, and now I succeeded to the throne….
- Due to great virtue of our ancestors, the Imperial throne was succeeded by only one unbroken family, and now I succeeded to the throne….
- 長官には皇太后の甥の藤原仲麻呂(後に恵美押勝に改名)が任命され、皇太后を後盾にした仲麻呂の勢力が急速に拡大した。
- Empress Dowager's nephew FUJIWARA no Nakamaro (later EMI no Oshikatsu) was appointed as director general of the Shibi chudai and he rapidly extended his influence with the backing of Empress Dowager.
- 反面、鎌倉に政権が置かれると、地元の有力勢力は排除され、南関東は政権のお膝元(関東御分国)として再編されていった。
- The government was placed in Kamakura, and as a result strong local families were removed and the southern Kanto region was reorganized by the government as an adjacent area (called 'Kanto-gobunkoku').
- 5代細川興文は本藩の細川重賢と協力して藩校温知館の創設や水道による農地灌漑・殖産興業に努めるなど藩政改革を行った。
- The fifth family head, Okinori HOSOKAWA cooperated with Shigekata HOSOKAWA of Honpan (the original domain) for the reformation of domain duties such as the foundation of the han school, Onchikan, and the farmland irrigation and the encouragement of new industries of local productions.
- 三千代は天武天皇朝から命婦として仕え、文武天皇の乳母をつとめたともされ、後宮の実力者として皇室と深い関係にあった。
- Michiyo served as Myobu (a high-ranking court lady) from the Emperor Tenmu's era, and is also said to have been the Emperor Monmu's menoto (wet nurse), having an intimate connection with the Imperial family as an influential person in the kokyu (empress's residence).
- 仙台港に寄港し、奥羽越列藩同盟の残党勢力及び大鳥圭介・土方歳三等の旧幕府軍を収容し、蝦夷地(北海道)へと向かった。
- They called at Sendai Port to pick up the remaining powers of the Ouetsu-reppan alliance and the samurai of the former Shogunate forces such as; Keisuke OTORI and Toshizo HIJIKATA, and then left for Ezochi (Hokkaido).
- 愛着のある道に何か残したいと思った彼は、桜の並木があれば景色が華やかになると考え、まったくの自力で桜を植え始めた。
- He wanted to leave something for roads to which he was strongly attached and commenced to plant cherry trees by himself believing that sakura-namiki would make the scenery brilliant.
- 父方の祖母・高志内親王は、平城天皇・嵯峨天皇両天皇の同母兄弟であり、王自身も皇位継承の有力な資格者の1人であった。
- His paternal grandmother Imperial Princess Koshi was the maternal sister of Emperor Heizei and Emperor Saga, and he himself was also one of the influential heirs to the imperial throne.
- 承久の乱以降、治天がそれ以前と同等の権力を有することはなく、重要事項は幕府と協議した上で決定することが常態化した。
- After the Jokyu War, Chiten did not have absolute political authority like it use to have, it became common to have meetings with the bakufu to decide an important issue.
- しかし、このような小弓公方家の急速な勢力拡大は後北条氏や古河公方家に危機感を抱かせ、両者に同盟を結ばせるに至った。
- This rapid expansion of the influence of the Oyumi-kubo family had set the Gohojo clan and the Koga-kubo family on their guard, which resulted in the alliance between these two families.
- 壬申の乱が勃発したとき、吉野宮にいた大海人皇子は兵力を持たず、使いをたてて東国で兵を集めさせつつそちらに向かった。
- When the Jinshin war broke out, Prince Oama who was in Yoshino no miya palace, didn't have any armed forces, so the Prince first sent envoys to take up arms in Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly Kanto region) and headed for that direction.
- 衆議院において政府に反対する勢力が多くを占めることを予想して、貴族院 (日本)に衆議院と同等の権限を持たせている。
- Considering the members of the House of Representatives would be mostly anti-government, they gave the Kizokuin (House of Peers) similar authority to the House of Representatives.
- 室町時代末期、日朝・日明貿易の実権が大名に移り、力を蓄えさせたと共に、室町幕府の支配の正当性が薄れる結果になった。
- Towards the end of the Muromachi period, the real power of the trade between Japan and Korea and that between Japan and the Ming moved to daimyo, making daimyo gain power and making weaker the validity of the control by the Muromachi bakufu.
- 「兵(つわもの)」は、律令制には規定されていない軍事力で、地方で頻発する騒擾事件の鎮圧の為に用いられた一種の傭兵団。
- 'Tsuwamono' were military force not specified in the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), and they were a kind of mercenary troops that were utilized to suppress civil disorder incidents which frequently occurred in the provinces.
- 葛城氏(かずらきし)は、古墳時代、大和国葛城地方(現在の奈良県御所市・葛城市)に本拠を置いていた有力な古代在地豪族。
- The Katsuraki clan was a powerful local clan who had their base in the Kazuraki region of the Yamato Province (present day Gose city and Katsuraki city, Nara Prefecture) during the Kofun period (tumulus period).
- 播磨を巡る山名氏と阿波細川家の潜在的対立は、持常の後を継いだ成之の、赤松家の再興運動への助力という形になって現れる。
- The potential rivalry between the Yamana clan and the Awa Hosokawa clan over Harima, was revealed as Shigeyuki, who succeeded the family head after Mochitsune, supporting in the restoration movement of the Akamatsu family.
- 鎌倉時代には土岐氏は庶流を美濃国内に多く土着させて、家紋にちなんだ「桔梗一揆」と呼ばれる強力な武士団を形成していた。
- During the Kamakura period, the Toki clan made its branch families settle down in Mino Province, where it formed a powerful samurai group called 'Kikyo ikki' which was named after its family crest.
- 一方、国内は天下統一による平和がもたらされたことなどから、諸大名は領国の経営に力を注ぎ、各地で都市が興隆していった。
- On the other hand, peace came to Japan as the result of unification; various daimyos endeavored to manage their countries, and cities in various parts of Japan prospered.
- 文正の政変で協力した二人であったが、それぞれ守護大名の家督争いに深く関わっていたため、強烈に対立する二人でもあった。
- Though they had worked together on the same side in the Bunsho Coup, the two had also been archrivals as each was deeply involved in a fight for succession of a shugo daimyo position.
- 奈良盆地でヤマト王権が勢力を拡大すると、北近畿の地方王国はヤマト王権に恭順し、北近畿はヤマト王権の北の入口となった。
- When the Yamato Dynasty expanded its power in the Nara Basin, local kingdoms in Kitakinki showed allegiance to the Yamato Dynasty, making Kitakinki the north entrance of Yamato Dynasty.
- 法隆寺のすぐ西に広がる西里の集落は、近世初期の日本で最も組織的な力をふるった大工棟梁・中井正清の育った集落でもある。
- The community of Nishisato that spreads westward from Horyu-ji Temple was created by Masakiyo NAKAI, the master builder renowned for his leadership and unparalleled skills in construction in the early part of the pre-modern era (late 16th century - early 17th century).
- これは為平親王の外戚で既に一上の地位を得ていた高明が更なる権力を得ることに対する藤原氏側の危惧があったとされている。
- It was (the reason why the Imperial Prince Tamehira did not become Crown Prince) presumed that the Fujiwara clan's concern about Takaakira having more political power, himself already being the maternal relative to Imperial Prince Tamehira and had a certain position in the Imperial Palace.
- その息子・土御門泰重(1586-1661)は天文博士として衰退した家名の再興に尽力し公卿として従二位にまで昇進した。
- Hisanaga's son Yasushige TSUCHIMIKADO (1586-1661), as a tenmon hakase, was committed to reviving the family name and advanced to Junii (Junior Second Rank) as a Kugyo.
- 「阿倍氏」がいつ頃から「安倍氏」と改めたかには諸説あるが、平安時代初期の延暦〜弘仁年間説が有力であると言われている。
- There are various theories about when '阿倍氏' was altered to '安倍氏,' but the most credible theory is that it happened during Enryaku era through Konin era, which was the early Heian period.
- ちなみに兄の後を継いで執権となった北条貞顕がわずか10日で執権職を辞任したのは、泰家が貞顕に圧力をかけたからである。
- Incidentally, Sadaaki HOJO, who took over the position of shogunal regent after his elder brother, resigned after just 10 days because Yasuie put pressure on Sadaaki.
- なお、病気回復の時に関わった僧侶が玄ボウであり、橘諸兄の元で玄昉が権力を振るったのはこの功績によるものと考えられる。
- In addition, it was a Buddhist monk, Genbo who helped Miyako to recover from her illness, and it is believed that the reputation earned there paved a way for the bonze to have enormous power under the patronage of TACHIBANA no Moroe.
- 尊氏らは九州へ下り、多々良浜の戦いに勝利して勢力を立て直したのちの翌年に、持明院統の光厳天皇の院宣を掲げて東征する。
- Takauji's forces moved off to Kyushu, and having regained their momentum with victory in the battle of Tatarahama, the following year they regrouped and marched east again under the Imperial edict of Emperor Kogon of the Gofukakusa (Jimyoin) lineage.
- 院政時代全国の在地支配層は、こぞって中央の有力者に荘園を寄進してその庇護を受け、院の武者として勢力を拡大しようとした。
- All the families belonging to the local ruling class in Japan in the Insei period (the period of the government by a retired emperor) tried to extend their influence as warriors of the retired emperors, receiving the protection from those powerful figures in the center by donating them their estates.
- このころまでに菊池氏一族の中に在地名を名乗る者が現れ、菊池氏一族が肥後国の在地勢力として定着拡散して行ったことが判る。
- By that time, it was known that some members of the Kikuchi family began to call themselves by the local land names, and the family gradually established its position and extended its influence as a local potential in Higo Province.
- 允恭系の安康天皇の即位によって劣勢に立たされた円大臣は勢力を回復すべく、次期大王として押磐皇子の擁立を画策したらしい。
- Tsubura no Okimi, who was put into an inferior position due to the accession of Emperor Anko, seems to have planned the backing up of Prince Oshihano as the next okimi (great king).
- 備中国はもともと京兆家や阿波守護家など、他の有力守護家の影響が強く及んでおり、庄氏を初めとする国人統制も困難を極めた。
- The Bicchu Province was originally strongly affected by the other dominant Shugo families, such as the Keicho family and the Awa Shugo family, and the control of kokujin, including the Sho clan, was in utmost difficulty.
- 奥州藤原氏は、中央から来る国司を拒まず受け入れ、奥州第一の有力者としてそれに協力するという姿勢を最後まで崩さなかった。
- The Oshu Fujiwara clan had never changed its attitude throughout its life that it would never refuse to accept kokushi (provincial officers) dispatched from the central government and cooperate with them as the most influential clan in the Oshu region.
- 「敵は本能寺にあり」は江戸時代初期の『川角太閤記』が初出だが、『川角太閤記』には明智軍の参加者も協力したともいわれる。
- Our enemy is in the Honno-ji Temple' was first seen in 'Kawasumi Taikoki' of the beginning of the Edo period, and it was told that the person who participated in the troop of the Akechi clan gave help for 'Kawakami Taikoki.'
- しかし両陣営とも外国の軍隊の派兵を要請することはなかったため、欧米列強による内政干渉や武力介入という事態は避けられた。
- Military intervention and interference in domestic affairs by powerful western nations were, however, avoided since both sides did not request them to deploy troops.
- 近年では、関西電力によって電源地として開発されており、原子力発電所が多く立地しているため「原発銀座」として有名である。
- In recent years, the coastal area has been developed as the land for electric power supply by the Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc., and the area is well-known for 'Genpatsu Ginza' (an area where a string of nuclear power plants are located).
- 慶長15年(1610年)、方広寺大仏殿の再建(一説には、徳川家康が豊臣家の資力を削減させるために行わせたとされている。
- In the building of Hoko-ji Temple Daibutsu-den Hall in 1610, (Ieyasu TOKUGAWA is said to have ordered the Toyotomi family to reconstruct Hoko-ji Temple Daibutsu-den Hall, with the intent of financially crippling the Toyotomis.)
- 天智天皇自身の世代までは兄弟間の継承が普通で、資格者が多く、しばしば武力でライバルを殺すことによって決着が付けられた。
- Until the generation of Emperor Tenchi himself, the succession had been commonly practiced between brothers, and naturally there are many eligible candidates, therefore the succession had been often settled by killing the rivals.
- 結果、信西は殺害され信頼が政権を掌握するが、二条親政派と手を結んだ平清盛が武力で信頼らを撃破、後白河院政派は壊滅する。
- Then, Shinzei was killed and Nobuyori took complete control over politics, however, TAIRA no Kiyomori, who was allied with Emperor Nijo directly ruled government forces, defeated Nobuyori and others, and as a result, Goshirakawa in forces were destroyed.
- 当時の江戸城大奥では家継の父で先に死亡した前将軍徳川家宣の正室・近衛熙子と側室で家継生母の月光院が権力争いをしていた。
- There was a power struggle between Hiroko KONOE, Ietsugu's father and the previous Shogun Ienobu's Empress, and nobleman's concubine, Ietsugu's birth mother, Gekkoin in the inner palace of Edo-jo Castle.
- 武門平氏は滅亡するが、皇位は滋子の産んだ高倉天皇の系統に受け継がれ、堂上平氏も「日記の家」として朝廷内に勢力を保った。
- After the Taira Samurai clan fell into ruin, Imperial succession was passed by Shigeko's son, Emperor Takakura to his line, the Tosho family of the Taira clan also remained and kept their forces in the Imperial Palace as 'the family of the diary.'
- 推古天皇は頭脳明晰な人で、皇太子と大臣馬子の勢力のバランスをとり、豪族の反感を買わぬように、巧みに王権の存続を図った。
- Emperor Suiko was a bright person who balanced the influences of the Crown Prince and the minister Umako, so as not to provoke antipathy of Gozoku (local ruling families), and labored skillfully for the endurance of sovereignty.
- このため亮政は、越前国の朝倉氏と同盟を結び、その支援のもとに定頼の攻勢を押し返して北近江の支配力を高めていくのである。
- Therefore, Sukemasa built an alliance with the Asakura clan in Echizen Province, and he fought back against Sadayori's offensive with the support from the Asakura clan, and gradually enhanced his dominance over the Kita Omi, the northern territory of Omi Province.
- 応仁の乱以降には堺を本拠とする管領家の細川氏や、乱で兵庫を得た大内氏、博多や堺市などの有力商人が経営するようになった。
- After the Onin War, the trade was managed by the Hosokawa clan; a Kanryo Family (families in the position of the shogunal deputy) putting headquarters in Sakai, the Ouchi clan that had won Hyogo as a reward after the war, as well as influential merchants in Hakata and Sakai City.
- しかし、北条氏が武蔵国の在地勢力を冷遇したためか、為頼三代の子孫吉見義世は謀叛をたくらみ事前に発覚したため、処刑される。
- However, Yoshiyo YOSHIMI, the third generation of Tameyori, plotted to overthrow the Hojo clan probably because of Hojo clan's cold treatment of local powers, and he was executed after the plot came to light.
- これら鈴木氏の諸家は、今川氏、松平氏、織田氏などの周辺勢力に囲まれて離反帰服を繰り返しながら半独立の勢力を保ちつづけた。
- These branch families of the Suzuki clan, maintained their semi-independent powers as repeating their stances, obedience or disobedience, surrounded by the potentials such as the Imagawa clan, the Matsudaira clan and the Oda clan.
- 通政の甥・細川通薫(通重)が備中支配の回復を試みるが、中国地方に勢力を伸ばした毛利氏の客将となり、子孫は長州藩に仕えた。
- A nephew of Michimasa, Michitada (Michishige) HOSOKAWA tried to regain the control of Bicchu, but he became a guest commander of the Mori clan that extended the power in the Chugoku region, and his descendants served the Choshu clan.
- さらに以前から燻っていた陶隆房ら武断派と相良武任を筆頭とする文治派の対立が激しくなり、大内氏の勢力にも陰りが見え始める。
- Further, a long smoldering confrontation between the Budan-ha (a political faction that is willing to resort to military means to achieve its aims), including Takafusa SUE, etc. and the Bunchi-ha (a civilian government faction) with Taketo SAGARA at its head became intensified, and the power of the Ouchi clan started to show signs of decline.
- 薩摩藩は、薩英戦争の経験から攘夷は不可能であると判断し、開国に論を変え、藩力の充実と先進技術の取得に努めることになった。
- The Satsuma clan concluded, from the Anglo-Satsuma War, that the expulsion of foreigners was impossible; thus it changed its opinion to one in favor of opening the country, and endeavored to strengthen the clan and acquire advanced technology.
- 自分を追放し、室町幕府を滅亡に追いやった信長に恨みを抱く足利義昭が、その権力を奪い返すために光秀をそそのかしたとする説。
- This view advocates that Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA who had hard feelings against Nobunaga who had expelled him and ruined the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), tempted Mitsuhide in order to regain Yoshiaki's power.
- この時、家康の苦難の伊賀越えに協力したのが伊賀流であり、その際の伊賀の棟梁、服部半蔵の功で江戸城に「半蔵門」が作られる。
- On this occasion, the Iga lineage cooperated with Ieyasu for getting across Iga and, because of the merit of Hanzo HATTORI, who was the head of Iga at that time, 'Hanzomon' (Hanzo gate) was constructed in Edo-jo Castle.
- 信長の死の報をいち早く入手し、備中高松城への攻城戦包囲により殆ど戦力を失っていなかった事から事前に変を知っていたとする。
- As Hideyoshi obtained information on Nobunaga's death very quickly and he had not lost his military power by enveloping attack of the Takamatsu-jo Castle in Bicchu Province, it is said that he must have known about the Honnoji Incident in advance.
- 同盟軍も奪還を試みたが失敗に終わり、白河口へ兵力が集中した隙を衝かれ二本松城も落城し新政府軍は会津へと進行路を確保した。
- The allied forces attempted to recapture the castle, but in vain; on the other hand, the new government's forces seized Nihonmatsu Castle while the allied forces deployed their troops heavily concentrated their troops at Shirakawaguchi, gaining access to Aizu.
- 大浦半島は京都府舞鶴市の一部と福井県高浜町の一部にまたがっており、福井県側には関西電力の高浜原子力発電所が立地している。
- To be more exact, Oura Peninsula extends over a part of Maizuru City in Kyoto Prefecture and a part of Takahama-cho in Fukui Prefecture, where the Takahama Nuclear Power Plant operated by the Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. on the side of Fukui Prefecture is located.
- だが、九十九王子を成立せしめた中世熊野詣の先達たちの影響力は近世にはすでに失われて久しく、九十九王子も既に退転していた。
- However, the influence of the pilgrims who started visiting Kujuku Oji in the Muromachi period already disappeared during the early-modern period, and even the shrines of Kujuku Oji were declining.
- また、摂関家の権力の源泉としては、摂関家が天皇家の外祖父(母方の祖父)としての地位を確保し続けたことにあるとされている。
- Also, it is considered that the source of Sekkanke power was the continuation of the secure position of the maternal grandfather of the Imperial family by Sekkanke.
- 王権の強化のため、有力皇族や豪族の主を除き、その残党を納得させ、財産を王権に統合するために妃を取るということの様である。
- His aim was to abolish masters of powerful imperial families and local ruling families and subdue the remnants so as to strengthen the imperial power; then to get married to women in those families to integrate the fortune to his own.
- 他の有力な説として、「讃」が仁徳天皇で「珍」を反正天皇とする説や、「讃」は応神天皇で「珍」を仁徳天皇とする説などがある。
- Other prevailing theories include the one which says 'San' is Emperor Nintoku and 'Chin' is Emperor Hanzei and another one which says 'San' is Emperor Ojin and 'Chin' is Emperor Nintoku.
- 現在の歴史学界では、継体が応神の5世孫かどうかは不明とするが、中央豪族の支持を得て即位したのは事実とする説が有力である。
- Widely-accepted theory in the present Japanese historical community is that Keitai was enthroned with the approval of central ruling families, while the question of his origin as the fifth generation descendant of Emperor Ojin remains unsolved.
- これはすなわち「宗室の長老」としての統括能力と実績が期待された場合にそれに相応しい親王のみが叙されるということであった。
- This means that the conferring was made only for the imperial princes who were appropriate, when the capability and achievement as a 'patriarch of a head family' were expected.
- このため、松田氏滅亡後も「備前法華」と称される強力な門徒団が形成され、後に備前は不受不施派の拠点として知られるようになる。
- Therefore, even after the destruction of the Matsuda clan, a powerful follower group called 'Bizen Hokke' was formed, which later made Bizen known as the base of Fujufuse (Not Receive and Not Give) School.
- 扇谷上杉氏と大森氏の進攻に苦戦をしていたが、1495年北条早雲が大森藤頼を倒して小田原城に入城した時に松田頼秀が協力した。
- The Matsuda clan faced a hard battle against the offense of the Ogigayatsu Uesugi clan and the Omori clan, and in 1495, when Soun HOJO brought down Fujiyori OMORI and entered Odawara-jo Castle, Yorihide MATSUDA cooperated.
- このころ中央では尊氏と弟足利直義の間に対立が深まり、直義の養子足利直冬が九州に下向してきたため、九州は三勢力に分断された。
- Around that time, the confrontation between Takauji and his younger brother, Naoyoshi ASHIKAGA was intensified, and as Naoyoshi's adopted son, Tadafuyu ASHIKAGA came down to Kyushu, the Kyushu was divided into three powers.
- その前後で越前国の朝倉氏や甲斐国武田氏を破りその後滅亡させるなど反抗する大名を武力で屈服させて天下統一事業を推進していた。
- He defeated and exterminated the Asakura clan of Echizen Province and the Takeda clan of Kai Province, submitted resisting daimyo (feudal lords) with military power and promoted unification of the whole country.
- また確たる史料はないものの亘理郡の有力者で五位に叙せられ、陸奥の在庁官人として権守候補であった可能性は高いと見られている。
- It is also thought that Tsunekiyo was an influential person in Watari County who was titled Goi (Fifth Rank) and that it is very likely that he was a candidate for Gon no kami (a provisional governor) of Mutsu Province among zaichokanjin (locally hired government officials during the Heian period), although there are no historical materials that can validate it for sure.
- 大内家と毛利家の圧力、また強力な後ろ盾を望む重臣の要望により、後見役の重臣・田坂全慶らは殺害されて、繁平は出家させられる。
- Because of the wishes of the senior vassals who were after power and backed up by the Ouchi and Mori families, Zenkei TASAKA and other guardian vassals were killed and Shigehira was sent away to be a priest.
- 土岐氏の祖については系図類により国房、源光国、源光信、土岐光衡の諸説あってはっきりしないが、光衝を祖とする説が有力である。
- Although it is not clear who (Kunifusa, MINAMOTO no Mitsukuni, MINAMOTO no Mitsunobu, Mitsuhira TOKI) was the ancestor of the Toki clan due to various theories based on the genealogy and other materials, the theory that Mitsuhira was the ancestor of the Toki clan is the most widely accepted one.
- 前述の通り、開戦時の兵力では旧幕府軍が上回っており、新政府軍では天皇を連れて京都から撤退することも検討していたと言われる。
- As described above, the former Shogunate forces were superior in military strength at the beginning of the war, and in fact, the new government's forces had reportedly reviewed the option of withdrawing from Kyoto with the Emperor.
- この動きを被官化というが、こうして守護は、土地の面でも人的面でも、国内に領域的かつ均一な影響力(一円支配)を強めていった。
- This entire process is called 'hikanka' (被官化), and with it the shugo increased their equal, territorial influence (pervasive control) over the province.
- また、当初は現地の有力武士が任じられる事が多かった守護の人選も次第に足利将軍家の一族や譜代、功臣の世襲へと変更されていく。
- Moreover, originally the shugo were often selected from the powerful samurais in the local area, but the change was gradually made to select from the descents of the Ashikaga shogun family, the Fudai (hereditary vassals) or the meritorious retainer.
- さらに薩摩藩は藩士に命じ江戸で騒擾を起こさせたため、旧幕府軍は討薩表を掲げて、京都を軍事力によって鎮定するべく兵を進めた。
- Furthermore, the former Shogunate forces advanced to pacify Kyoto under the banner of 'the statement to the Emperor on avenging Satsuma' (to-satsu-hyo) because the Satsuma Domain had ordered its retainers to cause a disturbance in Edo.
- その結果、人口の多数を占める全人衆の多数が組織していた堅田門徒の発言力が高まり、堅田衆の指導的地位を獲得するようになった。
- As a result, Katata-monto, organized by many Zenjin-shu, majority in Katata, enhanced their power and took the leadership position in Katata-shu.
- このように、戦国期の流動的な権力状況の中心原理を、下剋上ではなく、主君押込めによって捉え直す考えが次第に主流となっている。
- In this way, the mainstream view on the central principle underlying the unstable political situation during the Sengoku Period gradually shifted from thinking it was gekokujo to people simply taking power for themselves via shukun oshikome.
- 平安後期に即位した後三条天皇は、摂関家を外戚に持たない立場だったことから、摂関の権力から比較的自由に行動することができた。
- Emperor Gosanjo, who was enthroned in the latter Heian period, could act relatively freely because he was in position without any Sekkanke amongst maternal relatives.
- 明の朱元璋がこの頃北九州で活動していた倭寇と呼ばれる海上勢力の鎮圧を要求する国書を懐良親王に送ると、懐良ははじめは断った。
- When Gensho SHU in Ming sent to Imperial Prince Kanenaga a sovereign's message that SHU required to have Imperial Prince Kanenaga suppress the pirates called wako (Japanese pirates) that were active in Kyushu around that time, at first, Kanenaga refused.
- 正平 (日本)8年(1353年)閏2月、北朝の勢力が増したため、親王を護るため、貞長より遠江国秋庭城の天野景顕に託された。
- In March 1353, as the forces of the Northern Court increased, he was left by Sadanaga to the care of Kageaki AMANO in Akiba-jo Castle, Totomi Province for his safety.
- しかし毛利豊元(48代)・毛利弘元(49代)の時代には山名氏、細川氏、大内氏などの大勢力に挟まれ去就に苦労することになる。
- However, during the generations of Toyomoto MORI (the 48th) and Hiromoto MORI (the 49th), the Mori clan was surrounded by the other powerful clans, such as the Yamana clan, the Hosokawa clan, and the Ouchi clan, which made the Mori clan in difficulty deciding their course of actions.
- この発言では、天皇の地位が憲法に記されたものであることを確認した一方、護憲とも解釈可能なため一部の右翼勢力から非難された。
- Letting people confirm that the Constitution of Japan gives a definition of the Emperor, the remark was criticized by a small group of right-wing organizations for its probability of being interpreted as protecting the Constitution.
- しかし、明治政府の国家権力を以てしても、楠木氏末裔を称する氏族は数多いものの、楠木氏の直系の子孫を確認する事はできなかった。
- Although there were many families who were identified as being descendants of the Kusuniki clan, it was not possible to confirm whether they were direct descendants, even when the state power of the Meiji government was used.
- 戦国期において水野氏が勢力を伸ばすのは、15世紀中頃、水野貞守が尾張知多郡小河(知多郡東浦町緒川)に拠点を置いたのに始まる。
- It was from the middle of the 15th century when Sadamori MIZUNO set his base in Ogawa, Chita County, Owari Province (Ogawa, Higashiura-cho, Chita County) that the Mizuno clan began expanding their power.
- しかし、業氏は3代将軍足利義満、業氏の子孫の細川晴経は13代将軍足利義輝の加冠の際の理髪役を務めるなど、有力な幕臣であった。
- However, the family was a powerful retainer of the shogun, such as Nariuji performed a haircut at the kakan (put a crown on a young man's head on a genpuku ceremony) of the 3rd Shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA and Harutsune HOSOKAWA, a descendant of Nariuji, also performed a haircut at the kakan of the 13th Shogun Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA.
- 東北戦争では奥羽同盟に参加した藩の多くが、改革の遅れや財政難から軍備が立ち後れており、新政府軍とは兵力での開きが大きかった。
- In the Tohoku War, many domains of the Ou alliance lagged behind in armaments due to financial difficulties and delay in political reform, and differed greatly in military strength compared with the new government's forces.
- その後、広義門院は皇位継承・人事・荘園処分・儀礼など様々な政務に対し精力的に取り組み、治天の君としての役割を十分に果たした。
- Afterward, Kogimonin energetically worked on various government practices such as imperial succession, human affairs, estate disposal, rituals, and played a role as Chiten no kimi to the fullest.
- 律令制下で天皇は太政官組織に依拠し、実体的な権力を振るったが、この政治形態は法令に則っていたため、比較的安定したものだった。
- Under the Ritsuryo system, the Emperor stood on the organization of Daijokan (Grand Council of State) and exercised his actual powers, but since the form of the government conformed to rules and regulations, it was relatively stable.
- また、後漢においては幼帝が続いたために宦官に対抗する権力として外戚を利用したり、外戚を牽制するために宦官を利用するなどした。
- In the Later Han, because young emperors continued, the maternal relatives were used as a power to oppose eunuchs, or eunuchs were used to put a brake on the maternal relatives.
- これは明徳3年(1392年)の南北朝合一の際の条件である両統迭立に反しており、その後南朝勢力はしばしば反発して武装蜂起する。
- This was against the agreement of sharing imperial succession as decided by the union of the Northern and Southern Courts in 1392, and subsequently the two sides often opposed each other in armed conflicts.
- しかし、頼通や教通は、後冷泉天皇の後宮に娘を入内させて外祖父として権力を握る為に、尊仁親王に対して陽に陰に圧迫を加えていた。
- However Yorimichi and Norimichi kept on putting pressure on Prince Takahito directly or indirectly, to send their daughters to Emperor Gosuzaku's Palace and take control of political power as maternal grandfather.
- 治世中門閥貴族による政治の打破などに力を入れるが、鎌倉幕府の干渉が強まると1298年、後伏見天皇に譲位して院政を執り行った。
- During his reign he tried to control the court nobles in order to abolish the politics; and after the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) started getting involved in politics, he passed the throne to Emperor Gofushimi in 1298 and started ruling the cloister government.
- 殊に第3代征夷大将軍・足利義満の時代になるとその勢力は絶対的なものとなり、1392年には楠木正勝が敗れ河内千早城が陥落した。
- Especially during the era of the third Seii Taishogun (literally 'great general who subdues the barbarians'), Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, his political power was absolute and Masakatsu KUSUNOKI lost the battle in 1392 and Kawachi Chihaya-jo Castle was surrended.
- わずか4万5700石、動員兵力においても1500人ほどにしか満たない紀通が謀反を起こしたところでたかが知れていたはずである。
- If Norimichi had been raising a rebellion, it would have been very limited in its scope due to his income of 45,700 koku and military force of less than 1,500.
- ちなみに隆備も父に劣らず有能で、藩校・進徳館を篤信館と改名し、その翌年には藩内6ヶ所に郷学校を設立して、庶民教育に尽力した。
- Takamoto was just as capable as his father, and committed himself to the education of the people, changing the name of Shintokukan, the clan school, to Tokushinkan and founding six local schools in the following year.
- その後、外戚の地位を閑院流に奪われて勢力は後退するが、鎌倉時代の源通親は九条家に対抗し後白河天皇・後鳥羽天皇の院政下で活躍。
- Their power later deteriorated because their status as maternal relatives of the emperor was taken over by the Kanin line of the Fujiwara clan; MINAMOTO no Michichika vied against the Kujo family during the Kamakura period, and served successfully under the cloister governments of the Emperor Goshirakwa and the Emperor Gotoba.
- 『記・紀』に記された系譜記事からすると、応神は当時の王統の有力者を合成して作られたものと考えるのが妥当であるとする説がある。
- From articles on genealogy written in 'the Kojiki and Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan),' there is a theory which claims that it is reasonable to think that Ojin was made up by combining influential persons of the time in the royal line.
- 石見吉見氏は木部・津和野・吉賀地方の在地領主を被官化しつつ次第に勢力を拡張し、隣接する強豪益田氏と拮抗する有力領主に成長した。
- The Iwami-Yoshimi clan expanded its power by putting local lords under its control in Kibe, Tsuwano and Yoshika regions, developing into an influential lord equally matching in strength with the Masuda clan, a powerful lord in neighboring regions.
- その間、中央で直義の殺害に成功した尊氏は、斯波家兼を新たな奥州管領として派遣したため、この斯波家兼が奥州における最有力となる。
- Meanwhile, Takauji succeeded in killing Tadayoshi at the center of Japan, sent Iekane SHIBA as new Oshu Kanrei, thus Iekane SHIBA became the most influential person in Oshu.
- 角倉了以の保津川開削以後、桂川の輸送力が強化されると、丹波と京都の中継地点として亀岡市域内の宇津根・馬路・保津・山本が栄えた。
- When capacity for transport increased as a result of the excavation of the Hozu-gawa River by Ryoi SUMINOKURA, Uzune, Umaji, Hozu and Yamamoto in the Kameoka area prospered as a waypoint between Tanba and Kyoto.
- 進氏は平安時代末期、西伯耆を中心に勢力を誇っていた紀氏、紀成盛を祖とする一族で代々、会見郡から日野郡にかけて権益を持っていた。
- The Shin clan originated from KI no Narimori who had been a member of the Ki clan, a powerful clan at the end of the Heian period; the Ki clan had had its base in West Hoki and the Shin clan was still powerful in West Hoki especially in Aimi County and Hino County for generations.
- 江戸通泰は佐竹氏に臣従の姿勢を見せたものの、独自の勢力を保ち、古河公方家の家督争いなどで混乱が続く常陸西部及び南部に進出する。
- Although Michiyasu EDO acted as a vassal to the Satake clan, he, independent-minded, expanded his sphere of influence to the western and southern areas of Hitachi where there were a series of disturbances such as succession disputes within the Furukawa kubo family.
- 伊予の西園寺氏は、室町時代から戦国時代 (日本)にかけて伊予国南西部の宇和郡一帯(愛媛県西予市周辺)に勢力を持った武家である。
- The Saionji clan in Iyo Province, was a samurai family that dominated the whole area of Uwa County (present vicinity of Seiyo City, Ehime Prefecture) of the southwestern part of Iyo Province, from the Muromachi period to the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (Japan).
- 信長はその後も勢力を拡大し日本中央部を制圧するに至るが、天下統一の目前と思われた天正10年(1582年)に本能寺の変で倒れた。
- Subsequently, Nobunaga further expanded his power and eventually controlled central Japan; however, in 1582, when it seemed he was very close to unifying Japan, he was defeated in the Honnoji Incident.
- 以下の県域放送2局は生駒山より標高の高い比叡山から送信しており、出力の割に視聴可能区域が広く、京都府外でも広い範囲で受信可能。
- Programs of the following two prefecture-based TV stations are transmitted from the top of Mt. Hiei which is higher than Mt. Ikoma, which causes its coverage area to be relatively wide compared to its limited output transmission power, allowing a wider reception area outside of Kyoto Prefecture.
- しかし、本州と同じ時期に、年によっては、2週間くらい、主にオホーツク高気圧の勢力南下に伴うぐずつき肌寒い天気が続くことがある。
- In certain years, however, in the same period as Honshu, unsettled chilly weather caused mainly by force of Okhotsk anticyclone coming down to the south continues for around two weeks.
- 帰化系の人々も段々と付近に居住するようになり、中でも後に有力氏族に成長したの東漢氏が、早くから飛鳥に近い檜隈に居を構えていた。
- Naturalized citizens gradually started to live in the vicinity of Asuka, and the Yamatonoaya clan, which later became a powerful clan, established their residence in Hinokuma close to Asuka from early on.
- 中世になり天皇家の力が衰えると荒れ放題となる陵墓もあり、中には伝安閑陵古墳のように戦国大名の城として改造されたものまであった。
- Some of the mausoleums were left in ruins as the imperial family declined in power during the medieval period, while others, like the tumulus which is believed to the tomb of Emperor Ankan, were converted into castles of Sengoku daimyo (territorial lords in the Sengoku period).
- この年、政治的に対立関係にあった実力者・九条道家が失脚した事もあって、以後上皇の主導によって朝廷内の政務が行われる事になった。
- After his opposition, who was a powerful politician, Michiie KUJO lost his position, the retired Emperor took control of the politics inside the Imperial Palace.
- 豊臣秀吉は、支配の権威として関白、太閤の位を利用したために天皇を尊重し、その権威を高める必要があり、朝廷の威信回復に尽力した。
- Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI contributed to restoring the authority of the Imperial Palace, since he used the position of chancellor (chief advisor to the emperor) and Taiko as authority to control the government, thus he respected the Emperor and supported his potency.
- この時、争奪の対象になったのは二条天皇であり、後白河は信西が殺害され政治力を失っていたことから、ほとんど省みられていなかった。
- At that time it was Emperor Nijo who was in danger of being kidnapped, while Emperor Goshirakawa was ignored because he did not have much political power after Shinzei was killed.
- これに驚いた故法皇や親王の側近達は鎌倉幕府に後醍醐天皇の退位工作を要請する一方、持明院統にも次期皇太子を約束して協力を求めた。
- The Cloistered Emperor who passed away, and other close aides of the Imperial Prince were shocked to know of the incident, and asked the bakufu to work on something for Emperor Godaigo to abdicate from the throne, on the other hand, they asked the Jimyoin Imperial line to support this move by promising their next position for Crown Prince.
- 尊良親王は義貞の子・新田義顕と共に懸命に防戦したが、敵軍の兵糧攻めにあって遂に力尽き、3月6日に義顕や他の将兵と共に自害した。
- The Prince fought back against Takauji's force severely, together with Yoshisada's son, Yoshiaki NITTA, but after their food supplies were cut off by Takauji's force, they could not fight any longer and the Prince Yoshiaki, and other samurai killed themselves on March 6.
- それらの点から考えて、北条氏を桓武平氏直方の流れをひく伊豆の大豪族で、他の東国武士団より強い勢力を持っていたとは考えられない。
- Based on these facts, it is impossible to assume that the Hojo clan were the great Gozoku in the Izu Province in the lineage of TAIRA no Naotaka of the Kanmu-Heishi and had greater influence than other armed groups in Togoku.
- また、源頼朝の縁戚として朝廷にも影響力を有した一条家 (中御門流)(のち断絶)及び江戸幕府高家の大沢氏も持明院家の系統である。
- The Ichijo family (Nakamikado-ryu - the Nakamikado line) who had strong influence on the Imperial Court as a relative of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo (later extinguished) and the Osawa clan, a Koke (privileged family under the Tokugawa Shogunate), were also from the Jimyoin family line.
- もっとも、国家の最高機関である天皇の権限を尊重するものであり、日清戦争後、政党との妥協を図りつつあった官僚勢力から重用された。
- Of course, since it was to respect authority of the emperor, the highest organ in the state, he was given important posts from the bureaucracy power which was trying to compromise with the political party after Japanese-Sino War.
- それは、長屋王の持つ有力な皇位継承権者としての立場ともあいまって、わが子を強く哀惜する聖武天皇に長屋王への不信感を生じさせた。
- Since Prince Nagaya was in a strong position as a successor to the Imperial Throne, the rumor made Emperor Shomu, who deeply mourned over his son's death, distrust Prince Nagaya.
- 大内政弘の後を継いだ大内義興は、少弐氏を一時滅亡に追いやるなど北九州・中国地方の覇権を確立し、その勢力基盤を確固たるものとした。
- Yoshioki OUCHI, who succeeded to Masahiro OUCHI, established a hegemony in northern Kyushu and Chugoku regions, as well as driving the Shoni clan to a temporary fall, and consolidated the base of his power.
- 戦国大名の中で織田信長の勢力が次第に強大になり、足利義昭を奉じて京都に上洛したことで、信長による政権の運営が始まることになった。
- Among the daimyos of the age of civil war, Nobunaga ODA's powers gradually became extremely strong, and by obeying Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA and arriving in Kyoto, government by Nobunaga began.
- そうこうしている内に10日に秀吉接近の報を受け、急いで淀城・勝竜寺城の修築に取り掛かり、また男山に布陣していた兵力を撤収させた。
- In the meantime, hearing on June 10 of Hideyoshi's approach, Mitsuhide hurried to repair Yodo-jo Castle and Shoryuji-jo Castle, and pulled back his forces taking up their position on Mt. Otokoyama.
- 一益の敗戦により上野、信濃の織田勢力は一掃される結果となり、一益は織田家重臣の列から外され、清洲会議にも出席できなかったという。
- Because of defeat of Kazumasu, the influence of ODA in Kozuke Province and Shinano Province was swept away and Kazumasu was removed from the group of chief vassals and he could not attend the Kiyosu conference.
- 観応の擾乱(かんのうのじょうらん)は、南北朝時代 (日本)の1350年-1352年の観応年間に頂点に達した室町幕府内の権力闘争。
- The Kanno Disturbance was a power struggle within the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) that reached its height during the Kanno era from 1350 to 1352 of the Northern and Southern Court period.
- 中世の武家社会において、主君は家臣にとって必ずしも絶対的な存在ではなく、主君と家臣団は相互に依存・協力しあう運命共同体であった。
- In the samurai society of the medieval period, the existence and position of a lord was not necessarily guaranteed or absolute to his retainers; instead, lords and their group of retainers had a shared fate, and their relationship was one of mutual cooperation.
- 兄である安康天皇の事跡を、雄略天皇が皇族だけでなく、有力豪族(皇族クラスと当時思われていた?)にも拡大適用して行った様に見える。
- It seems that the Emperor Yuryaku extended what his older brother Emperor Anko did to powerful local ruling families (considered as powerful as imperial families?) as well as imperial families.
- 歴史的に皇位は、長幼の序を重んじつつ、本人の能力や外戚の勢力を考慮して決定され、長男であれば必ず皇太子になれるとは限らなかった。
- Historically, the Imperial Throne was determined by considering choyo no jo (a uniform order between senior and junior) and capabilities of children and influences of maternal relatives, and the first son could not always become crown prince.
- ただし根拠に乏しく、近年では、桜井市倉橋にある巨大方墳、赤坂天王山古墳を崇峻陵とする森浩一の見解が有力視されるようになっている。
- But the authorization lacks foundation, and in recent years, Koichi MORI's view that Akasaka Tennozan Tumulus, a giant square tumulus in Kurahashi, Sakurai City is Sushun's Mausoleum is most prevalent.
- 綴じ糸による「一筆がき」風にはできないが、糸による線で紋を描くため、極力糸を生地にくぐらせないで留めていく「置紋」の方法を使う。
- It was not a single-stroke drawing of binding string, but the family crest was drawn by a line of string so a stitching technique called 'okimon' (heraldry) was used in which the crest was placed with strings went under the cloth as little as possible.
- 滅亡の危機に瀕した奥州吉良氏であるが、初代鎌倉公方の足利基氏から招かれた治家が上野国飽間郷に移住すると、徐々に勢力を回復し始める。
- Oshu Kira clan was on the verge of the extinction, but Haruie restored power gradually after Motouji ASHIKAGA of the first Kamakura kubo (Governor-general of the Kanto region) invited him to relocate into Akima-go, Kozuke Province.
- 鈴木孫一は石山本願寺に篭った雑賀衆の中でも最有力の頭目のひとりで、孫一自身も本願寺の門徒でもあったので本願寺にきわめて信頼された。
- Magoichi SUZUKI was one of the most powerful leaders in the Saigashu that barricaded themselves inside of the Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple, and as Magoichi himself was a follower of Hongan-ji Temple, he was extremely trusted by Hongan-ji Temple.
- 狭義では、武力で倒すことを目的とした討幕運動を指すが、広義では、軍事衝突を回避した政権移譲を目指す政治工作も含めて倒幕運動と呼ぶ。
- In a narrow sense, it refers to the Tobaku movement that aimed at an overthrow through the exercise of military power, but in a broad sense the meaning includes political maneuvers targeting the transfer of political power without military conflict.
- が、これは天武天皇系の政権を支えてきた貴族や寺院の勢力が集まる大和国から脱して、新たな天智天皇系の都を造る意図があったといわれる。
- Apparently, it was to get away from Yamato Province where the nobles and Buddhists who supported the Emperor Tenmu government had gathered, and to build the capital for the new Emperor Tenchi.
- この戦争の結果、薩長、薩長協力藩(佐賀藩、土佐藩等)出身者が明治政府の主体となり、日本は近代的な中央集権国家への道を歩んでいった。
- As a result of the war, members from the Sat-Cho (the Satsuma and Choshu Domains) and their supporting domains (the Saga and Tosa Domains) played an active role in the Meiji government, and Japan was to head for the modern system of centralized government.
- 9月20日に百条委員会の調査特別委員会による吉野晴夫と暴力団関係者に対する証人喚問が行われたが、両者の証言は大きく食い違っていた。
- A summoning of Haruo YOSHINO and the people relating to gangster organizations was held on September 20, however, the testimonies were widely different between the both parties.
- この当時(12世紀末~13世紀初頭)は、京都の中央政府(院政)の力も衰えておらず、中央(都、首都)と鎌倉の二元的支配体制であった。
- In those days (the end of 12th century to the beginning of the 13th century) the central government (Insei (rule by the retired Emperor)) had not yet lost its power, creating a dual system of governments: the central government (Kyoto, the capital) and Kamakura government.
- 当時は、一つの血統が倭国王位を継いだのではなく、複数の有力な豪族たちの間で倭国王位が継承されたとする考え(連合王権説)も見られる。
- Back then, an idea stating that not only one blood line succeeded the throne of Wakoku, but the throne was succeeded in between plural powerful ruling families (theory of joint sovereignty) can also be seen.
- ただし、1998年の飛鳥池遺跡での天皇の文字を記した木簡が発見された以後は、天武天皇が最初の天皇号使用者との説が有力となっている。
- However, after a wooden tablet with the letters, Tenno, was found in the Asukaike Ruins in 1998, a theory that says Emperor Temmu was the first to use the title Tenno has become predominant.
- 以後、令旨を発して反幕勢力を募り、赤松則祐、村上義光らとともに十津川、吉野、高野山などを転々として2年にわたり幕府軍と戦い続けた。
- Thereafter, he issued an order to recruit an anti-bakufu force, and moved from the Totsu-kawa River, Yoshino, Mt. Koya fighting against the bakufu army with Norisuke AKAMATSU, Yoshiteru MURAKAMI, and others for two years.
- このため、伊勢神宮・賀茂神社の祭祀を天皇家が怠ってないことを表明するため、天皇実娘を斎宮、斎院に任命したとする説が近年有力である。
- Due to above, in recent years there was a strong theory that Emperor's daughter was appointed to Saigu and Saiin to prove that the Imperial Family did not neglect their religious service at Ise-jingu Shrine and Kamo-jinja Shrines.
- 後白河は伊勢平氏・河内源氏など武士勢力の勃興に対して、王権の維持を図ろうとしたが、結局、王権の一部を鎌倉幕府へ委譲することとなる。
- Emperor Goshirakawa tried to maintain the power of the Imperial Palace against the sudden rise of the Samurai forces such as Ise-Heishi (Taira clan) and Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto can), however he had to pass part of the Imperial Palace authority to the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- これにより征夷大将軍不在となった幕府の体制を不安定と見た後鳥羽は、幕府の武力排除を試みたが、幕府軍に敗北してしまった(承久の乱)。
- Toba attempted to overthrow the bakufu with armed force since he thought the bakufu was in an insecure condition without having the Seii Taishogun, but his forces lost the battle against the bakufu. (The Jokyu War)
- やがて、専制を強めた浅見氏を追放し、京極氏を傀儡化させ、京極家の有力家臣をも従えて戦国大名へと成長していったとするのが通説である。
- According to a common theory, in due course, the Azai clan expelled the Asami clan, who was aiming at enhancing its autocratic rule, and instead, the Azai clan grew gradually and became a Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period), by making the Kyogoku clan as its puppet and handling the influential vassals of the Kyogoku family.
- そして同族である古河公方家や後北条氏と対立し、小弓公方家による南関東諸大名の統合を名分として急速に勢力を拡大してゆくこととなった。
- He conflicted with the Koga-kubo family of his same blood and the Gohojo clan, and rapidly extended his power on the pretext of integrating the feudal lords in the southern Kanto region by the Oyumi-kubo family.
- その勢力は津軽海峡を跨いで蝦夷地に及び、蠣崎氏ら蝦夷島南部の渡党(一般的には和人勢力とされているが疑問も呈されている)を被官とした。
- The influence of the clan extended even to Ezo crossing over the Tsugaru Straits, and the clan appointed Watari-to (the group of immigrants) settled in the south part of Ezogashima Islands (generally they are said to have come from the mainland, but there are different theories) as its hikan (low-level bureaucrat).
- 更に元禄2年(1699年)には幸徳井友信に圧力をかけて、土御門家のみを陰陽道宗家として幸徳井家はその配下となることを誓約させられた。
- Moreover, he pressured Tomonobu KOTOKUI to swear the KOTOKUI family's allegence to the TSUCHIMIKADO family, and to recognize the TSUCHIMIKADO family solely as the Soke of the Onmyodo,
- しかし、細川勝元の没後、政元の時代においては、権力集中を図る京兆家としばしば対立し、摂津守護代の薬師寺元一の反乱に関与するなどした。
- However, in the time of Masamoto after Katsumoto HOSOKAWA died, the family often opposed to the Keicho family, which was seeking the concentration of its power, and the family was involved in the rebellion of Motokazu YAKUSHIJI, who was a deputy Shugo of the Settsu Province.
- だが、1568年、織田信長が15代将軍・足利義昭を奉じて入京してきたときには、もはや三好氏には織田氏に対抗できるような力は無かった。
- But in 1586 when Nobunaga ODA entered the capital Kyoto under the 15th shogun Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, Miyoshi clan did not have the strength to hold out against Oda clan.
- 朝廷内部にまで政治的影響力を及ぼし多くの公家を主従関係の下に置いた室町幕府3代将軍足利義満と上皇の関係は険悪であり、両者は対立する。
- There was an abrupt relationship between the Retired Emperor and the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) --the third Shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, who influenced his political power within the Imperial Palace and held many court nobles in the relationship of master and servant--and each party opposed each other.
- 1333年(元弘3年)に始まる後醍醐の建武の新政は数年で失敗に至り、当時最大の実力者だった足利尊氏が幕府政権を樹立することとなった。
- The Kenmu Restoration started by Emperor Godaigo in 1333, ended in just a few years, the person in power at that time, Takauji ASHIKAGA was to open the bakufu (the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun)).
- 戦国時代 (日本)に入ると、若狭の武田氏と抗争を続く一方で、国内においても反乱・下克上が続発し、さらに一色氏の勢力は衰退してしまう。
- During the Sengoku period, while the conflict with the Wakasa-Takeda clan continued, rebellions and gekokujo (upheavals wherein the inferior defeats the superior) frequently occurred in the area, whereby the power of the Isshiki clan became further weakened.
- その後も桓武天皇朝において、武智麻呂の長男豊成の子藤原継縄と、三男藤原乙麻呂の子藤原是公が続いて右大臣となり、南家は勢力を維持した。
- Thereafter, in the era of Emperor Kammu, FUJIWARA no Tsugutada, the son of Toyonari (Muchimaro's eldest son), and FUJIWARA no Korekimi, the son of FUJIWARA no Otomaro (Muchimaro's third son) successively became the minister of the right, whereby the power of the Southern House was maintained.
- 安芸国の国人として土着した毛利氏は、一族庶家を輩出し、室町時代中期には庶家同士の争いが起きたものの、安芸国内では屈指の勢力になった。
- The Mori clan, who settled in the Aki Province as kokujin (lords of smaller rural domains in feudal Japan), produced several branch families, although some families fought each other during the middle of the Muromachi period, they became one of the most powerful families in the province.
- むしろ、皇位継承から除外された有力な皇位継承権を持つ皇親を皇位継承の断念の代償として与えられる例(為平親王・敦康親王)すら存在した。
- Rather, sometimes Ippon was granted to Koshin who had the right of succession to the Imperial Throne but were excluded as a candidate, as a compensation (ex. the Imperial Prince Tamehira, the Imperial Prince Atsuyasu).
- しかし、天皇は立憲君主としての立場を自覚していたため、上御一人(最高権力者)であってもこの2例を除いて政治決定を下すことはなかった。
- However, the Emperor was aware of his position as constitutional monarch; therefore, he had not made political decisions apart from these two incidents although he was Kamigoichinin (person in paramount authority).
- そして、備中松山城主となった三村家親の娘を室とし、石川氏・庄氏両備中守護代家同様、備中一円に勢力を広げる三村氏との縁故を深めていった。
- Furthermore, by marrying one of the daughters of Iechika MIMURA who became the lord of the Bicchu Matsuyama-jo Castle, Takatoku deepened his relationship with the Mimura clan who was extending power over the entire Bicchu as well as the Ishikawa clan and the Sho clan, both of whom were serving as Shugodai of Bicchu.
- すなわち、泰宗の子の宇都宮貞泰は、南北朝時代 (日本)に四国伊予国に勢力を保ち、南朝の懐良親王と共に城井氏の拠点の豊前国仲津に移った。
- That is to say, Yasumune's son, Sadayasu UTSUNOMIYA maintained his influence in Iyo Province of the Shikoku region during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (of Japan) and then moved to Nakatsu, Chikuzen Province which was the Kii clan's base, together with Imperial Prince Kaneyoshi of the Southern Court.
- 幕末の当主・今川範叙は、高家として官軍との講和、江戸城の開城に尽力するが、明治維新後家禄を失って没落し、嫡子・今川淑人にも先立たれた。
- The family head at the end of Edo Period, Norinobu IMAGAWA, made efforts as koke to make peace with the government army and surrender Edo-jo Castle, but he lost his fief and fell after the Meiji Restoration and his first legitimate son Yoshito IMAGAWA died before him.
- 期待していた親類の細川幽斎、与力の筒井順慶ら近畿の有力大名の支持を得られなかったことが戦力不足につながり、敗因の一つであったと言える。
- It can be said that one of causes of his defeat was that he did not have sufficient military strength caused by his failure to acquire support from powerful warlord in the Kinki area such as Yusai HOSOKAWA, who was his relative, and Junkei TSUTSUI, who was a yoriki (warlord attached to another) to Mitsuhide.
- 福知山は昔から北近畿の商都であり、舞鶴市に人口では劣るものの、現在も集客力がある都市圏としてたくさんの企業が支店や営業所をおいている。
- Although Fukuchiyama City has the population smaller than that of Maizuru City, it has long been a commercially prosperous city in the Northern Kinki region and has many companies established their branch offices and business offices due to the area's ability to attract customers.
- そのことから、この一帯を中心にして日本列島を代表する政治的勢力、すなわちヤマト政権の初期の三輪政権(王朝)が存在したと考えられている。
- From here onwards, it is considered that a leading political force in Japan island, that is, Miwa Regime (dynasty), which was equivalent to the early Yamato regime, existed mainly in this area.
- 一方、霊元法皇は長年幕府と対立関係にあったが、政敵である近衛基熙の権力基盤である幕府との関係に楔を打ち込むためにこれに応じたのである。
- On the other hand the Cloistered Emperor Reigen was opposed to the bakufu for a long time, he also agreed to this plan to drive a wedge into the relationship between Motohiro KONOE and the bakufu, in which Konoe got the basis of his political power from.
- 信保自身は義明を傀儡として実権を掌握すると共に、義明が足利氏の一族であるという大義名分のもとに勢力を関東一帯に拡大していったのである。
- Installing Yoshiaki as just a figurehead, Nobuyasu himself held the real power and extended his own influence over the whole of the Kanto region under the pretext that Yoshiaki belonged to the Ashikaga family.
- 江戸幕府のもとでも天皇の権威は温存されたが、紫衣事件などにみられるように、年号の勅定などを僅かな例外として政治権力はほとんどなかった。
- The authority of the Emperor was preserved under the Edo Bakufu (from 1603); but as seen in the Shie Incident Emperors had almost no political power except few occasions such as deciding the name of an era; (Shie Incident refers to the incident in which Emperor Gomizuno gave purple robes, symbolizing the highest order of priesthood, to Daitoku-ji Temple and Myoshin-ji Temple in 1627 without the approval of Bakufu and caused Bakufu to take back the purple robes to deny the authority of Emperor Gomizuno.)
- 受領のみが任国に赴任し、京から伴った私的な側近を目代に任命し、また現地の有力富豪層を在庁官人に任命して国衙の実務に当たるようになった。
- The zuryo alone was dispatched to the province and carried out the practical business as the kokuga by appointing his private aides brought from Kyoto to the post of mokudai (deputy kokushi, or a deputy provincial governor); he also employed the locally influential and wealthy people as the zaichokanjin (the local officials).
- そのうち市町村民税等の自主財源は2004年に関西電力の火力発電所稼動にともない固定資産税が大幅に増加したことから54.1%まで上昇した。
- Within the budget, independent revenue sources such as the municipal inhabitant's tax increased to 54.1%, due to significant increases in fixed property taxes resulting from the start of operations of Kansai Electric Power thermal power plants in 2004.
- 詮高の死後には南部氏の圧力が増し、斯波詮直のときに入婿していた九戸政実の弟高田吉兵衛が南部氏に寝返り、岩清水義教や大萱生秀重を諜略した。
- After the death of Akitaka, the pressure from the Nanbu clan increased and at the time of Akinao SHIBA, Kichibe TAKADA, a younger brother of Masazane KUNOHE who was adopted into the family of his bride, switched to the side of the Nanbu clan and seduced Yoshinori IWASHIMIZU and Hideshige OGAYU.
- 門前町(もんぜんまち)とは、有力な寺院・神社の周辺に、社寺関係者および参拝客を相手にする商工業者が集まることによって形成された町のこと。
- Monzen-machi means a town around an influential temple or shrine that was developed after merchants and manufacturers gathered there to conduct business, targeting workers and visitors of the shrine or temple.
- 足利義昭が京都から追放された後も、征夷大将軍の解任手続は行われなかったために、依然として信長に反対する勢力からは将軍として扱われている。
- Because procedures for the removal of Seii Taishogun were not implemented even after Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA's banishment from Kyoto, he was still treated as a shogun by the powers opposed to Nobunaga.
- 後白河院と平氏の圧力に悩まされ続けた天皇とされてきたが、近年の研究では平氏一門と組んで政治を押し進める意図を持っていたとの説も出ている。
- It is said the Emperor came under pressure from both Goshirakawa-in and the Taira clan, however according to recent studies, a theory developed that he had the intention to rule the government together with the Taira clan.
- 即位当初は政治に意欲的に取り組み、官司の統廃合や年中行事の停止、中・下級官人の待遇改善など政治・経済の立て直しを行い、民力休養に努めた。
- In the early stage of his reign, he dealt aggressively with politics, trying to combine or remove officials, stopping annual events or improving working conditions for middle- and low-class officials in order to restore the politics and finances as a means to ease ordinary people.
- 第2代藩主・大村純頼は慶長12年(1607年)、財源確保と藩主権力強化のため、「御一門払い」と呼ばれる一門の領地没収を強制的に実行した。
- In 1607, Sumiyori OMURA, the 2nd lord of the domain annexed the lands of these families in a move known as 'Goichimon Barai' to secure a source of income and shore up his position as lord of the domain.
- その後、朝倉氏の他に摂津国の三好氏や、かつての仇敵・六角氏など信長に圧迫されていた勢力も対抗姿勢を強めたため、織田氏との抗争は一進一退。
- Later, not only the Asakura clan, but also the other feudal lords who were suppressed by Nobunaga until then, such as the Miyoshi clan in Settsu Province and the Rokkaku clan, once Nagamasa's sworn enemy, strengthened confrontational postures against Nobunaga, then the conflict against the Oda clan went back and forth.
- 国民の叡智とたゆみない努力によって、我が国が一層の発展を遂げ、国際社会の友好と平和、人類の福祉と繁栄に寄与することを切に希望いたします。
- I eagerly hope that our country accomplishes further development and contributes to the friendship and peace of the international society and the welfare and prosperity of human beings by our people's wisdom and persistent efforts.
- 弟の三好義賢(阿波)や十河一存(讃岐)、安宅冬康(淡路)らと協力して、木沢長政(太平寺の戦い)、三好政長らの父の仇の敵勢力を次々と破った。
- In cooperation with his brothers Yoshikata MIYOSHI (Awa), Kazumasa SOGO (Sanuki) and Fuyuyasu ATAGI, he beat the forces of Nagamasa KIZAWA (in the battle of Taihei-ji Temple) and Nagamasa MIYOSHI one after another, both of whom had been his father's enemy.
- 越境してきた密偵はたとえ幕府関係者であろうと厳しく断罪し、情報の漏洩防止に努め、密貿易によって外貨を蓄え続け、幕府に勝る軍事力を獲得した。
- Any spies entering its territory were severely punished, even if they were related to Bakufu, and thereby the clan endeavored to avoid the leakage of information, continued to accumulate foreign currency through secret trade with overseas countries, and acquired military power exceeding that of Bakufu.
- これらは繁殖力が強く、生態系に悪影響を与えているとされ、事実、メダカやタモロコなど、いくつかの在来種が補食関係の変化により姿を消している。
- It is considered that, since these foreign species have high productive ability, they are negatively affecting the eco-system in that area and, in fact, some of the native species such as killifish and field gudgeon have disappeared due to the changes in predation in the environment.
- 江戸初期には大石内蔵助が一力茶屋で遊んでいた話は歌舞伎などでも知られ、江戸末期には後の新政府を樹立する多くの志士らによって利用され続けた。
- Even in a particular kabuki play, Kuranosuke OISHI is shown to have played around in the Ichiriki-jaya teahouse at the beginning of the Edo period, and many anti-shogunate samurai who were to establish the new government frequented the hanamachi.
- 室町時代、主に足利将軍家の当主及び連枝、鎌倉公方家の一門、或いは鎮守府将軍として南朝方の有力大名であった北畠氏とその一門が御所号を称した。
- In the Muromachi period, the head and his siblings of the Ashikaga Shogunate family, the clan of the Kamakura Kubo (Governor-General of the Kamakura Government) family, and the Kitabatake clan who was a powerful daimyo on the side of the Nancho (Southern Court, or Yoshino Imperial court) who acted as the shogun of the chinju-fu, and its descendants were all entitled to the gosho-go.
- 新説提唱が一段落してから、1980年代以降は直系・嫡系の皇位継承法説が最有力と目される状態に揺り戻したが、それで確定とはみなされていない。
- After the boom of the new theories, in the 1980's and later, the direct line imperial succession code theory and the legitimate child imperial succession code theory were again deemed dominant, but their credibility has not been confirmed yet.
- しかし定頼の死後、後を継いだ六角義賢の代においては、1560年に野良田の戦いで浅井長政と戦って敗れるなど六角氏の勢力は陰りを見せはじめる。
- However, after the death of Sadayori, in the generation of Yoshikata ROKKAKU (who inherited Sadayori), the Rokkaku clan's power began to weaken due to various factors, including its defeat by Nagamasa ASAI at the Battle at Norada in 1560.
- 六角氏(ろっかくし)は宇多源氏佐々木氏の流れを汲む、鎌倉時代から戦国時代 (日本)にかけて近江国南部を中心に勢力を持った武家(守護大名)。
- The Rokkaku clan was a samurai family (shugo guar feudal lord) descended from the Sasaki clan of Uda-Genji (Uda-Gen clan) and whose influence was centered in the southern part of Omi-no-kuni from the Kamakura era through the Sengoku period (Japan).
- 徳川政権が松平氏の名字を限られた大名にしか許さなかったのに対し、豊臣姓を許された者は有力大名の家臣なども含まれるなど広範囲にわたっている。
- While the Tokugawa government only allowed a limited number of daimyo to use its myoji, the 'Matsudaira' clan, those who were allowed to use Toyotomi's sei (original name) were widened, including some retainers of powerful daimyo.
- 親王が率いていた台湾征討軍の主敵は、清国軍の残党で中国人勢力が二つあったが、両者ともに親王薨去の段階ではすでに大陸に引き上げていたあった。
- The main enemy of the Taiwan expedition by the Japanese military forces led by Prince Yoshihisa was the remnants of the Qing army consisted of two Chinese forces, but both forces have already returned to the continent when Prince Yoshihisa died.
- だが皇位に就いたのは良かったが、政治の実権はほとんど仲麻呂が握り、また仲麻呂の後見人である光明皇后(藤原光明子)が強い影響力を持っていた。
- It was good that Prince Oi could ascend the throne; however, Nakamaro seized most real political power and Empress Komyo (FUJIWARA no Komyoshi), the guardian of Nakamaro, had a strong influence on politics.
- なおかつ母親の出自(いわゆる「后腹」でなければ叙位される可能性は低かった)や天皇との親疎、藤原氏などの権力者との親疎も加味されて叙された。
- In addition, the status of the mother (the possibility to be conferred was low, unless being so-called 'kisakibara' [a child by an empress]) and the degree of intimacy with the emperor and influentials such as the Fujiwara clan were considered.
- 戦国時代 (日本)が始まる1498年には守護の一色義秀が地元豪族に攻められて自殺していることから、強力な施政はできなかったようにも思われる。
- Based on the fact that the Shugo Yoshihide ISSHIKI was assaulted and driven to suicide by a powerful local family in 1498 around the onset of the Sengoku (Warring States) period, apparently the Isshiki clan did not have strong control over the province.
- それに伴い、琵琶湖疏水といった疏水の建設と、疏水を用いた日本初の水力発電、更にその電力を用いた日本初の電車(路面電車)運転などが実施された。
- As a result, waterways such as Lake Biwa Canal were built, the first hydroelectricity in Japan was generated with such canals, and the first electric train (streetcar) in Japan was propelled by hydroelectricity.
- しかし同じ足利一門でも、斯波氏や畠山氏の家格が高く本家からの独立性が強かったのとは異なり、この時代の細川氏はさほど有力な御家人ではなかった。
- Although the clan was of the Ashikaga clan, the Hosokawa clan in this period was not a powerful gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and the Muromachi through the Edo periods), unlike the Shiba clan and the Hatakeyama clan whose kakaku (family status) were high and were highly independent from the head family.
- 一方で、橘氏傍系の橘逸勢(奈良麻呂孫)が承和の変により排斥される事件も発生したが、嘉智子が健在の時期に橘氏は総じて勢力を大きく伸長している。
- On the other hand, TACHIBANA no Hayanari (Naramaro's grandson) of a Tachibana clan's branch line was cast aside after the Jowa Incident, but during the period in which Kachiko maintained her position, the Tachibana clan widely extended its influence as a whole.
- 最終的な政治裁可を下しうる治天・天皇の不在がこのまま続けば、京都の諸勢力(公家・幕府・守護)らの政治執行がすべて遅滞することになってしまう。
- Since the Chiten and Emperor, who would make the final political decision, were absent, the political administration of the various forces in Kyoto (kuge, bakufu, shugo) was delayed.
- 在阪民放3局は府南部では京都市東山区今熊野に中継局が存在しているが、出力が300wと弱く、京都市内でも受信状態が芳しくない地域が少なくない。
- In the southern part of the prefecture, a relay station for three private broadcasting stations based in Osaka is placed in Imagumano, Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City, but with its output power being small, 300 W, their programs cannot be received comfortably in various places of even the central Kyoto City area.
- 仮託説に対しては、多分に推測を重ねることによって導かれる直系・嫡系皇位継承説に、明文の史料を否定する力を与えるべきではないとする批判がある。
- Against the pretext theory, some historians criticize that this theory should not give a detrimental rational forte to the direct line succession theories and the legitimate child succession theories, both of which are developed largely based on successive suppositions, to negate the explicitly written historical materials.
- これら五王は、仁徳天皇・履中天皇から雄略天皇までの天皇に比定されており(比定には諸説ある)、天皇家の祖先をこれら五王に求める説が有力である。
- These five kings are judged as the Emperors from Emperor Nintoku and Emperor Richu through Emperor Yuryaku (there are several theories about the judgment), and the theory which regards these five kings to be the ancestor of the Imperial Family is influential.
- 祖父の岩倉宮忠成王(順徳天皇第五皇子)は、四条天皇崩御後に皇位継承の最有力者と目されながらも鎌倉幕府によって阻止されて、岩倉宮の宮号を賜る。
- Although Tadafusa's grandfather, Iwakuranomiya Prince Tadanari (the fifth prince of Emperor Juntoku), was regarded as the most likely candidate for succession to the Imperial Throne after the death of Emperor Shijo, he was defeated in the race to decide the next heir due to obstruction by the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and was instead granted the reigning name of Iwakuranomiya.
- この日は太陽の活力が最も弱くなる冬至の時期であり、太陽神アマテラスの子孫であるとされる天皇の魂の活力を高めるために行われた儀式と考えられる。
- Since it is the day of the winter solstice when solar energy becomes the weakest, the ritualistic ceremony was probably performed to enhance the energy of an emperor's soul who was deemed a descendant of Sun-goddess Amaterasu.
- また、後深草天皇の血統(持明院統)とは別に、自らの血統(大覚寺統)の繁栄に力を注ぎ、皇統が分裂して交互に皇位継承を行う両統迭立の端緒となる。
- The Emperor worked hard to continue his own Imperial line (the Daikaku-ji Imperial line) apart from Emperor Gofukakusa's (the Jimyo-in Imperial line), this was the beginning of the separation of the Imperial lineage and sharing of Imperial succession for both parties.
- 京都では、外祖父である源通親が別当として権力を掌握し、鎌倉では、1199年に源頼朝が亡くなり、事実上北条時政による御家人政治が行われていた。
- In Kyoto, the Emperor's maternal grandfather, MINAMOTO no Michichika had political power as a Betto, in Kamakura after MINAMOTO no Yoritomo died in 1199, Tokimasa HOJO took the actual political control for Gokenin, where the Shogun has political power and the Samurai pledge their loyalty to the Shogun.
- ヨーロッパでは男系であれ女系であれ、代々王族同士(他国の王族ないしこれに準ずる有力貴族を含む)の間に生まれた嫡子のみに王位を継承させていた。
- In Europe, regardless of male-line or female-line, only children who were born between royal families (including royal family members from other countries and prosperous peerage) have been allowed to ascend to the throne.
- この宣告によって、政治権力が孝謙上皇のもとに移ったとする理解と、御璽を保持しつづけていた淳仁天皇が依然と権能を発揮していたとする見解がある。
- Due to this declaration, some researchers think that the political power was moved to Retired Empress Koken, others say that Emperor Junnin still exerted his power because he had possessed Gyoji (the Imperial Seal).
- 南北朝期から室町期にかけ、惣領制が崩壊し有力庶子家・一族が本宗家から独立していった時代であり、松田氏においてもいずれが本宗家かは定かではない。
- From the period of the Northern and Southern Courts to the Muromachi period, the Soryo system collapsed, and influential non-heir families and clans got independent from the head family, so it is uncertain which family was the head family of the Matsuda clan.
- とりわけ斯波高経は足利氏と同族で、鎌倉幕府を滅亡させた立役者である新田義貞を越前で討つなど活躍し、初期の室町幕府においては相当な勢力を持った。
- In particular, Takatsune SHIBA, who was in the same family as the Ashikaga clan, performed brilliantly and contributed to defeat Yoshisada NITTA in Echizen Province who was the central figure in the downfall of the Kamakura Bakufu, so that he gained tremendous power in the early Muromachi period.
- 平家滅亡により源氏の勢力が強くなった事、奥州に深く関わっていた義経が頼朝と対立した事などにより中立を維持できなくなった事が滅亡の原因となった。
- The causes of the downfall of the Oshu Fujiwara clan were that the Minamoto clan strengthened its power through the downfall of the Taira clan, and that it failed to maintain its neutrality because Yoshitune, who had had a close relation with the clan, became opposed to Yoritomo.
- また、幕府も荘園制度の解体や守護の権力強化は望ましいとは考えておらず、朝廷や寺社との対立をしてまで、有力守護大名に対して度々掣肘を加えている。
- Moreover, the shogunate did not think it was appropriate to dismantle the manorial system or strengthen the power of the shugo, and this often disturbed powerful shugo daimyo despite the opposition of the Imperial Court, temples and shrines.
- 応仁の乱は将軍や守護大名の没落を促進し、守護代であった朝倉孝景が守護大名の地位を得たことに象徴されるように、真の実力者の身分上昇をもたらした。
- The Onin War served to accelerate the downfall of Shoguns and shugo daimyos and to raise the status of true strongmen, as symbolized by the acquisition by Takakage ASAKURA, who had been a deputy shugo, of the rank of shugo daimyo.
- それでも旧幕府軍の兵力は上回っており洋化部隊も温存されていたのだが、徳川慶喜が将兵を置き去りにしたまま脱出したこともあり士気が低下し自壊した。
- The former Shogunate forces, while they had far superior military strength and had westernized troops, were demoralized and disintegrated because Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA fled, leaving his officers and soldiers behind.
- とりわけ鎌倉幕府成立以後は武家の棟梁の一族が代々世襲で征夷大将軍に就任し、少なくとも基本的に内政や外交では日本の最高権力者として君臨してきた。
- Particularly after the Kamakura Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was established, the head family of the samurai families inheritably succeeded the position of Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians'), and at least in basic domestic affairs and diplomatic affairs, they reigned as the highest authority.
- 帝国議会開設当初は、超然主義を唱える藩閥政府と衆議院に依拠する政党勢力が鋭く対立衝突したが、天皇はしばしば詔勅を発し、調停者的機能を発揮した。
- In the beginning of the opening of the Imperial Diet, there was often conflict between the Han-dominated government who support the detached policy, and the government force who was based on the House of Representatives, the Emperor sometimes issued an order and worked as an arbitrator.
- 泰福の末子土御門泰邦(1711-84)は、在野の暦算家の協力を得て宝暦暦を制定する事に成功し、改暦の権限を再び土御門家に取り戻す事に成功した。
- Yasukuni TSUCHIMIKADO (1711-1784), the youngest son of Yasutomi, established Horyaku reki (Horyaku calendar) with the cooperation of a professional rekizan (calculation of calendar) who was out of power, and successfully regained the authority for kaireki.
- やがて、尊氏が勢力を盛り返して京都奪還のために東上すると、石見国守護に補任され、西国における北朝・幕府勢力の拡大と南朝勢力の追討に尽力している。
- Takauji, regaining his power, moved eastward to recapture Kyoto, while Yorikane, as Shugo (provincial constable) of Iwami Province, put his emphasis on the extension of the Northern Court's and the Muromachi bakufu's influence and the elimination of the Southern Court's influence in western part of Japan.
- 頼綱は幕府から許された後の1215年には園城寺(現在の三井寺)再建に尽力し、その功によって伊予国守護に任じられた(1220年頃~1235年頃)。
- In 1215, after Yoritsuna was forgiven by the bakufu, he worked to rebuild the Onjo-ji Temple (the present Mii-dera Temple) and then was appointed to Iyo no kuni Shugo (provincial military governor of Iyo Province) in recognition of his efforts (around from 1220 to 1235).
- 尊氏の世がくると時氏も運気を掴み、守護大名として山陰地方に大勢力を張り、また赤松氏や京極氏、一色氏と並んで四職家の一つにまで数えられるに至った。
- When Takauji came into power, this enabled Tokiuji and the Yaman clan to wield their influence as the shugo daimyo in the Sanin region; they came to be considered as one of the Shishiki-ke (four administrators' families: Yamana, Isshiki, Akamatsu, Kyogoku).
- 畿内において織田信長が台頭し政治の実権を握るとそれらの勢力は駆逐され、信長の配下の丹羽長秀、明智光秀、細川幽斎などが北近畿を支配するようになる。
- When Nobunaga ODA emerged and seized political power in Kinai, the clans were expelled and instead Nagahide NIWA, Mitsuhide AKECHI and Yusai HOSOKAWA under Nobunaga ODA became the ruler of Kitakinki.
- その中でも丹国は、のちのヤマト王権に並ぶ独立性を持っていたとする説(丹後王国論)があるように、大陸との交易により力を備えていたと考えられている。
- In particular Ninokuni is thought to have secured power through trade with the Chinese continent; one theory (Tango Kingdom theory) says that the kingdom was as independent as Yamato Dynasty, which was established later.
- 工業の力が商業に大きく勝っている関係で、工業系事業所の経済団体として久御山町工業会が長く運営されてきたが、2003年に工業会が商工会と統合した。
- Because its industrial power is much stronger than its commercial power, the Kumiyama-cho Industry Association operated as an economic organization of industrial establishments for a long time, but, was integrated with the commercial association in 2003.
- 一宮は建部神社、二宮は日吉大社、三宮は多賀大社あるいは御上神社とされるが、実際には比叡山延暦寺と関係の深い日吉神社の力が強かったと見られている。
- Although it is considered that 'Ichinomiya,' 'Ninomiya,' and 'Sannomiya' were Takebe-jinja Shrine, Hiyoshi-taisha Shrine, and Taga-taisha Shrine or Mikami-jinja Shrine, respectively, it is probable that Hiyoshi-jinja Shrine, which was deeply related with Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei, actually had a strong power.
- その数か月後、またも世の形勢は変転し、後醍醐側勢力を打ち破った足利尊氏は光厳上皇を治天の君として迎えいれ、結果、光厳院政が開始することとなった。
- After several months, affairs once again changed; Takauji ASHIKAGA who had beaten the force of Godaigo invited the Retired Emperor Kogon as Chiten no kimi, commencing the cloistered government with the Retired Emperor Kogon.
- そのため、家臣団の意向を無視する主君は、しばしば家臣団の衆議によって廃立され、時には家臣団の有力者が衆議に基づいて新たな主君となることもあった。
- As a result, those lords who ignored the desires and ideas of their retainers were often driven from power and replaced by someone else via a meeting of the retainers, and occasionally a powerful retainer would install himself as the new lord with the support of the group of retainers.
- Therefore, some lords who ignored their vassals' intention were dethroned through discussions by the vassals, and at times, a powerful vassal became the lord based on the consultation.
- 菊池氏は、伝統的に源平勢力と一定の距離を保ち在地勢力の勇としての意地を見せてきたが、鎌倉幕府に衰えが見られるようになると朝廷とのつながりを深めた。
- The Kikuchi clan, who was originally keeping a certain distance between the powers of Minamoto clan and the Taira clan, showing its spirit as a leading local potentials, however, as the Kamakura bakufu's decline became visible, the clan strengthened the relation with the Imperial Court.
- また、範氏の弟の今川貞世は管領の細川頼之に九州探題に任じられると南朝勢力の強かった九州を平定するが、足利義満からは快く思われていなかった様である。
- When Sadayo IMAGAWA, a younger brother of Noriuji, was appointed to Kyushu Tandai (local commissioner) by Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA, kanrei (shogunal deputy), and conquered Kyushu, where the force of the Southern Court was strong, but it seemed that he was displeased by Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA.
- 当時の有力な守護大名には、足利将軍家の一族である斯波氏・畠山氏・細川氏をはじめ、外様勢力である山名氏・大内氏・赤松氏など数ヶ国を支配する者がいた。
- Powerful shugo daimyo in those days included the tozama-seiryoku (forces of outside lords) such as the Yamana, Ouchi and Akamatsu clans, as well as the clans of the Ashikaga shogun family such as the Shiba, Hatakeyama and Hosokawa clans.
- 鎌倉時代においては(有力御家人の被官のような例外はあるが)個々の御家人が直接将軍と主従関係を結んでおり、守護は国内の御家人の監督者に過ぎなかった。
- In the Kamakura period, individual Gokenin directly paid homage to the Shogun (although there were exceptions such as being hired by a strong Gokenin), and shugos were mere supervisors of Gokenin within their lands.
- しかしながら近年の研究によると、この和談の実態は従来の理解とは異なり、合意に達しない単なる話し合いの場であったとする見解が極めて有力となっている。
- According to the recent study, however, the conventional understanding for this comprise was far from what the practical comprise was, and it is a prevailing opinion that an agreement was not reached in the Bunpo Compromise and it was just a meeting.
- 承久の乱以後は、朝廷は独自の軍事力を失って、幕府に対して従属的な立場に立たされることになり、ときには幕府の命令で天皇が任免される事態にまで至った。
- After the Jokyu War, the Imperial Court lost its military power and was subordinated to the bakufu, and this sometimes resulted in a situation where the Emperor was appointed upon orders from the bakufu.
- もっとも、このような一連の現象は、逆に言えば、天皇という地位が制度的に安定し、他の勢力からその存立を脅かされる可能性が薄らいだことの反映でもある。
- However, this series of phenomena, oppositely reflecting the fact that the position of the Emperor was stabilized, and the possibility of the threat being abolished had been reduced.
- 時にとりわけ大きな力をもった権力者が天皇という地位を廃止、あるいは簒奪を画策したことがあるとされているが、現在までに成功した例はないとされている。
- It is said that sometimes, especially big authority planned to abolish or usurp the position of the Emperor, but it is said that no one has succeeded.
- これには蝦夷が権勢を振るうための傀儡にしようとした言う説と他の有力豪族との摩擦を避けるために蘇我氏の血を引く山背大兄皇子を回避したと言う説がある。
- There are two theories for this; one theory is that Emishi tried to settle a puppet emperor to gain ascendancy, and the other is that Emishi tried to prevent Yamashiro no Oe no O, who was a descendant of the Soga clan, from taking over the emperor's throne so that friction with other major clans would be avoided.
- 鎌倉時代以降、武力で朝家に奉仕する幕府を武家と称するようになると、それに対比して、政務一般をもって朝家に奉仕する貴族一般を公家と呼ぶようになった。
- Since the Kamakura period, bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) that served choka (the imperial family or household) with military power was refered to as buke (samural family), nobles who served choka in governmental affairs came to be called kuge.
- しかし、織田軍は手取川の戦いで上杉謙信に敗北していたものの十分な余力を残していたため、久秀は各個撃破の戦略を採った織田軍にあえなく追い詰められた。
- However, because the Oda army had power to spare--despite the defeat by Kenshin UESUGI in the Battle of the Tetori River--Hisahide was soon driven into a corner by the Oda army, which used the strategy of defeat one by one.
- 新薬師寺(奈良市高畑町)の隣にある鏡神社の比売塚は「高貴の姫君の墓」として語り伝えられており、ここに十市皇女が埋葬されているという説が有力である。
- In view of the fact that Himezuka of Kagami-jinja Shrine adjacent to Shinyakushi-ji Temple (Takahata-cho, Nara City) has been handed down as 'Tomb of a highborn Himegimi (a princess),' a theory that Tochi no Himemiko was buried in this tomb is convincing.
- 明治時代には、天皇に統帥権(大日本帝国憲法11条)を含むすべての権力を集中させる体制が整備され、富国強兵の国策の下、天皇の軍事的権威も高められた。
- In the Meiji Period, the system which the Emperor had the right of all authorities including the supreme command (Article 11 of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan) was improved and under the national policy of increasing wealth and military power, military authority of the Emperor was also increased.
- 「軍の統帥権は天皇にあるのだから政府の方針に従う必要は無い」と憲法を拡大解釈して軍が大きな力を持つこととなった(権力の二重構造、統帥権干犯問題)。
- Stretching interpretation of the constitution the military insisted that 'they do not have to follow the government policies because the Supreme Command lies on the Emperor' and the military gained power (Dual System of Power and the Problem of the infringement of Independence of the Supreme Command)
- 貞治5年(1366年)、斯波高経が失脚すると征夷大将軍足利義詮は和義の子石橋棟義を抜擢して奥州管領斯波直持と吉良貞経と協力して吉良治家を追討させた。
- In 1366, after Takatsune SHIBA's downfall, Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA ordered Muneyoshi ISHIBASHI, Kazuyoshi's son, to cooperate with the Oshu governor Tadamochi SHIBA and Sadatsune KIRA to search out and kill Haruie KIRA.
- その後の一族の動向は不明だが、天正年間からは東伯耆の南条氏家臣に進下総守が確認され、一部の者は他の有力者の家臣に組み込まれていったものと推察される。
- Although there is no record about the clan in years thereafter, in the records after Tensho era, 'Shin Shimosa no kami' who was a vassal of the Nanjo clan in East Hoki is found, therefore, presumably some of the clan became vassals of other powerful clans.
- 斯波義将は義満の没後も将軍足利義持を補佐し、朝廷から義満に対する太上天皇の尊号を追号する事を拒否したり、勘合貿易の廃止を提言するなど影響力を持った。
- Yoshimasa SHIBA assisted the Shogun Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA even after the death of Yoshimitsu, and he was so influential that he declined to accept the offer by the Imperial Court to give the posthumous title of Emperor Daijo (a Japanese Emperor who abdicated in favor of a successor) to Yoshimitsu and offered suggestions to abolish the tally trade (between Japan and the Ming dynasty).
- 代々幕府の管領に任ぜられることになる京兆家は、頼之の弟でその養子となった細川頼元の後裔を指し、その他の有力な庶家も、多くは頼之の時代に派生している。
- The Keicho family that was successively appointed to bakufu kanrei refers to the descendant of Yorimoto HOSOKAWA, Yoriharu's younger brother who later became Yoriharu's adopted child, and the many of other powerful branch families were also derived in the period of Yoriharu.
- また上杉氏は上杉謙信亡き後、養子縁組・上杉景勝の代であり、かつて関東・越後国から猛攻をかけ武田信玄を苦しめた強力な軍団は御館の乱で勢いを弱めていた。
- With respect to the Uesugi clan, after Kenshin UESUGI's death, his adopted son, Kagekatsu UESUGI became the family head and the strong troops that harassed Shingen TAKEDA by fiercely attacking the Kanto Region and Echigo Province had been weakened by the Otate no Ran (Otate disturbance).
- 高氏は足利家譜代の被官で、高師直は執事を務め、軍事指揮官としても関東地方の南朝勢力を掃討して、関東を平定し幕府の支配下に置くなど軍事的大功を立てる。
- The Ko clan had for generations been retainers of Ashikaga and KO no Moronao acted as a steward, fighting the Southern Court forces in the Kanto region as the military commander and gained military success by placing the Kanto region under the control of the bakufu.
- 武重・武敏兄弟の死後、菊池氏勢力は沈滞の時期を迎えたが、吉野に南朝 (日本)を建て移り住んだ後醍醐天皇の皇子懐良親王が、征西将軍として九州に下向した。
- After the deaths of Takeshige and his brother Taketoshi, the Kikuchi clan's influence was stagnated, however, at the same time, the Imperial Prince Kanenaga, the son of the Emperor Godaigo who established the Southern Court (Japan) in Yoshino and moved there, came down to Kyushu as Seisei shogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the western barbarians').
- 暫く三竦みの状態が続いたが、直義の失脚により直冬が九州を去ると、勢力を伸ばした懐良親王は武光・16代菊池武政菊池武澄等の働きによって大宰府を攻略した。
- There was a three-way deadlock for a while, but Tadafuyu left Kyushu due to Naoyoshi's falling, the Imperial Prince Kanenaga, who extended his influence, conquered Dazaifu with the support of the members of the Kikuchi clan, such as Takemitsu, Takemasa (the 16th head) and Takezumi.
- しかし、吉良氏自体は京都にあって将軍家の近臣として仕える他は三河や武蔵にあって守護職を世襲することもなく実質的には小領主としての勢力しか持たなかった。
- However, besides the Kira clan remained in Kyoto and served as a trusted vassal of the shogun family, the clan did not inherit the shugoshiki (post of provincial constable) in Mikawa Province, or Musashi Province, their substantial power was limited to that of a small feudal lord.
- しかしこういった遺跡や住居跡などは平安時代初期にかけてまでしか見つかっておらず、こういった勢力は飛鳥時代の終わりごろに滅亡していったと考えられている。
- However, it is speculated that such powerful families perished around the end of the Asuka period, since only the remains of dwelling sites dating up to the Heian period were found.
- しかし義達が今川氏親に敗れ遠江国奪還に失敗し、斯波義統が年少で当主となると、以後は織田氏の力が更に強まり、守護である斯波氏を完全に凌駕するようになる。
- When Yoshitatsu was defeated by Ujichika IMAGAWA and failed to recapture Totomi Province and Yoshimune SHIBA became the family head in early life, the Oda clan extended its influence further and completely surpassed the Shiba clan, the Shugo.
- 織田信長が15代将軍足利義昭を擁立して、畿内から三好氏の勢力を一掃すると、細川昭元は信長に属しその妹婿となったが、昔日の権勢を回復することはなかった。
- When Nobunaga ODA backed up the 15th shogun, Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA and drove the Miyoshi clan out from the Kinai region, Akimoto HOSOKAWA served Nobunaga and became the husband of Nobunaga's younger sister, but never retrieved the reins of power in his old days.
- またこれと並行して、守護は強い経済力をもって、上記の在庁官人の他、国内の地頭・名主といった有力者(当時、国人と呼ばれた)をも被官(家臣)にしていった。
- In parallel with these processes, the shugo, with their strong economy, recruited as vassals even influential figures called kokujin, such as the jito (estate steward) and the myoshu (owner of the paddy field) in the province, in addition to the zaicho-kannin mentioned above.
- 当初は舞鶴西港に発着していたが、増大する輸送力に対応するため、1990年(平成2年)舞鶴東港に国内貿易の拠点埠頭として整備されたのが、前島埠頭である。
- Initially, the ferry arrived at and departed from Maizuru-Nishi Port (Maizuru West Port); Maejima Wharf was constructed in Maizuru-Higashi Port (Maizuru East Port) in 1990 as a core wharf for domestic trade and to cope with increased transportation occurring in Maizuru-Nishi Port.
- 当時は、京都から人力車にのって老の坂を越え、篠町王子を経て保津川の亀岡盆地から保津峡への入り口にあたる山本浜(現在のトロッコ亀岡駅辺り)から乗船した。
- At that time, a tourist took a rickshaw (a taxi-like vehicle pulled by a man) from Kyoto, crossed the Oi no saka toge path, passed Shinocho-oji and the Hozu-gawa River at the Kameoka basin, and embarked on a boat at Yamamoto-hama (the neighborhood of the present Kameoka Torokko Station), which was the entrance to the Hozukyo Gorge.
- 荘園制の普及にもかかわらず律令体制下の公領(国衙領)がなお根強く残されていたことから、鎌倉幕府の成立前後までは上皇がかなりの権力を振るう余地はあった。
- Since Koryo (Imperial demesne, or Kokugaryo) under the Ritsuryo system persistently continued even after the spread of the manorial system, there was room for Joko to use considerable power until the establishment of the Kamakura Bakufu.
- 結局のところ頼通、藤原教通の努力も実を結ぶことがなく、後冷泉天皇は皇子はおろか皇女すら得ることなく病により崩御し、尊仁親王が後三条天皇として即位する。
- Eventually, efforts made by Yorimishi and FUJIWARA no Norimichi wound up to nothing, and Emperor Goreizei passed away due to disease without having any prince and princess, and as a result, Imperial Prince Takahito acceded to the throne as Emperor Gosanjo.
- 『日本書紀』によるならば周知の事実として次期天皇は実力にも恵まれた大海人皇子と合意がなされていたが、反乱をおこした大友皇子を滅ぼした恰好となっている。
- According to 'Nihonshoki,' it was agreed that the powerful Prince Oama would be the next emperor, however, contrary to the paper, in fact Prince Oama ascended the throne after defeating Prince Otomo.
- 日本においては、天皇に自分の娘を嫁がせ次の天皇に成る皇子を産ませ、その皇子を擁立し外祖父として一族の政治力を強化・維持する方法が古代より知られている。
- In Japan, the ancient method of making one's own daughter an emperor's bride was practiced, having her give birth to a prince that would be the next emperor, and supporting the prince as his maternal grandfather, thereby increasing and maintaining the political power of his relatives.
- 昭訓門院の実兄で関東申次であった西園寺公衡は直ちに鎌倉幕府にこの旨を伝え、もう一人の妹である西園寺しょう子の夫である持明院統の伏見天皇の協力を求めた。
- Shokunmonin's real older brother, and Kanto Moshitsugi (the position at the Imperial palace, in charge of communicating to Samurai forces during the Kamakura period), Kinhira SAIONJI immediately passed this information to the Kamakura bakufu, and asked for the support of Emperor Fushimi of the Jimyoin Imperial line, who was the husband to another younger sister, Shoshi SAIONJI.
- 最近では国史跡・紫香楽宮跡の北約1kmに位置する宮町遺跡から大規模な建物跡や税納入を示す木簡が大量に出土したことから、ここが宮跡の有力地となっている。
- Recently, a lot of mokkan (narrow strip of wood on which an official message is written) that describe the large remains of structures, or delivery of taxes, were unearthed in the palace town ruins located 1 km to the north from the palace ruins of Shigaraki no miya (ruins designated by the nation), therefore, it was considered as a probable place of the palace ruins.
- また、朝廷統制の必要上、朝廷権力を摂関家に独占させるような体制作りをしたために、そこから排除された公家達から「反幕府感情」が生み出される危惧もあった。
- To control the Imperial Court, the bakufu created a system which allowed a series of regents and advisers to dominate the Imperial court, but there was a risk that this would produce 'anti-bakufu sentiment' among the court nobles who were excluded from the system.
- これは、一旦世襲親王家として定めると、世代を経て皇統との血縁関係が離れていっても容易にこれを解消することができず、弾力ある運用が難しくなるためである。
- This was necessary for the resilience of the Meiji system - if the rights of the Seshu-Shinno-ke were accepted under the law, they could not have been easily rescinded, even as the blood line diverged from the reigning imperial line over the generations.
- 頼朝の死後は頼朝室の北条政子や北条義時が幕政を主導し、和田氏などの有力御家人を排斥し、また承久の乱においても御家人を統率して朝廷や反北条勢力を抑えた。
- After Yoritomo's death, Masako HOJO, Yoritomo's wife, and Yoshitoki HOJO led the shogunate administration, and excluded powerful gokenin including the Wada clan, and then suppressed the Imperial Court and anti-Hojo force by keeping a rein on gokenin at the Jokyu War.
- 財閥家族の企業支配力を分散し、人的関係の切断がはかられたのが、財閥家族の指定であり、そして昭和22年11月に成立した「財閥同族支配力排除法」であった。
- In November 1947, in an effort to disperse the power to control business by the Zaibatsu family and to break up the human relationships, the Zaibatsu family was designated and 'zaibatsu douzoku shihairyoku haijo hou '48 [Law for the Termination of Zaibatsu Family Control] was established.
- 天皇の世界征服による世界平和の実現「世界最終戦を経て、全人類が天皇を現人神(あらひとがみ)として信仰し、天皇の霊力によって世界を統一するべきである。」
- The realization of the world peace through Emperor's conquest of the world: by going through the final world war, all the people should believe in the Arahitogami (God who appeared in this world in human form) and the world should be unified by the spiritual power of Emperor.
- 応仁の乱では細川勝元に与し、その功により播磨・備前・美作の3ヶ国を領する大大名にまで返り咲き、長享2年(1488年)には山名氏の勢力を播磨から駆逐した。
- In the Onin War, the clan supported Katsumoto HOSOKAWA, and for this merit, it came back in power regaining the position of powerful daimyo (feudal lord) ruling the three provinces, Harima, Bizen and Mimasaka, then drove away the force of the Yamana clan in 1488.
- 応仁の乱以降、将軍の権威が失墜すると細川氏以外の三管四職も没落し、さらに戦国時代中期に至って細川氏の勢力が減退すると室町幕府の諸制度は形骸化していった。
- Upon the abasement of the Shogun's authority after the Onin Rebellion, Sankan Shishiki (other than the Hosokawa clan) also fell, and when in the middle of the Age of Civil War the power of the Hosokawa clan weakened, the various systems of Muromachi Bakufu became mere terms.
- 義政は、守護大名を統率する覇気に乏しく、もっぱら茶・作庭・猿楽などに没頭し、幕政は実力者の管領家の勝元・四職家の宗全、正室の日野富子らに左右されていた。
- As Yoshimasa lacked dynamism to lead shugo daimyos and immersed himself solely in tea ceremony, gardening and sarugaku plays, the actual steering of the Bakufu was in the hands of strongmen including Katsumoto of the deputy family, Sozen of one of Shishoku ke (four families appointed to deputy directorship of the Board of Retainers) and Yoshimasa's legitimate wife Tomiko HINO.
- 旧幕府軍は松前、江差などを占領するも、要となる開陽丸を座礁沈没させて失い海軍へ兵力は低下、宮古湾海戦を挑んだものの敗れ、新政府軍の蝦夷地への上陸を許す。
- Even though the former Shogunate forces occupied Matsumae and Esashi, they wrecked the Kayo Maru Warship, the core of their forces, and in effect the navy deteriorated; they fought against the new government's forces at the Battle of Miyakowan Bay, but lost, allowing the government's forces to land at Ezochi.
- これらの地方王国は、北陸地方(越国)や山陰地方(因幡国、出雲国など)や北部九州(筑紫国、末盧国など)の地方王国と共に、日本海沿岸の一大勢力を築いていた。
- These local kingdoms, along with counterparts of Hokuriku region (Koshi Province), Sanin region (Inaba Province and Izumo Province), Northern Kyushu (Tsukushi Province and Matsura Kingdom), had great influence throughout the Japan Sea side of Japan.
- その後は父・嵯峨上皇の旧宮嵯峨院を大覚寺に改めて済治院(僧尼のための医療施設)を置き、また淳和院を道場にするなど、仏教に篤く帰依して救民に力を尽くした。
- Later, she set up Saichiin (medical facility for monks and nuns) in Daikaku-ji Temple by rebuilding the old palace of Retired Emperor Saga, her father, and made Junnain into a dojo, and devoted her energy to save people who took refuge in Buddhism.
- むしろ親王任国が集中した東国が平氏系武士の盤踞地で、その一族がその後、中央(朝廷)に勢力を伸ばし、西国にも平氏勢力が広がっていったという方が適切である。
- In fact, it would be more appropriate to say that the influence of the samurai of Taira lineage first covered the Togoku where many imperial princes were appointed to the governors of provinces, and later the Taira clan expanded their sphere of influence to the center (the Imperial court) and to the Saigoku.
- 秦氏が現在の淀川の治水工事として茨田堤を築堤する際に協力したとされ、現在の熱田神社が広隆寺に記録が残る河内秦寺(廃寺)の跡だったとされる調査結果もある。
- The Hata clan are thought to have helped construct the Manda Levee as flood prevention works for the present-day Yodo-gawa River, and it has also been shown that the present-day Atsuta-jinja Shrine was built on the site of Kawachi Hata-dera Temple (now ruined) whose written records are preserved in Koryu-ji Temple.
- そのため、有力な皇位継承資格者・山背大兄王(通説では聖徳太子の子)の存在が邪魔になり、643年11月、入鹿は斑鳩宮を襲い山背大兄王とその一族を滅ぼした。
- Since Iruka considered Prince Yamashiro no oe (it is said that he was a son of Prince Shotoku) a powerful candidate for succession to the Imperial Throne, as an obstacle, he launched an attack on Ikaruganomiya Palace and dethroned Prince Yamashiro no oe and his family in November, 643.
- 「天皇を現人神と仰ぎ奉り皇国を毒する内外一切の勢力を打滅せん事を期す」「大日本帝国憲法の復活」「核武装による皇軍再建」(大日本殉皇会・1961年設立)。
- We expect everyone to take the Emperor as Arahitogami and remove any power that damages our imperial nation whether it is from the inside or outside; restore the Constitution of the Empire of Japan and rebuild the imperial army with nucleus weapons' (Dai Nipppon Junkokai [Great Japan Die-for-the-Emperor Group] established in 1961).
- 以後、安東尋季、安東舜季、安東愛季、秋田実季まで5代にわたり下国家檜山安東氏の居城となり、ここを本拠に陸奥国比内、同国阿仁方面に勢力を拡大したと見られる。
- After that, the castle was used by Hirosue ANDO, Kiyosue ANDO, Chikasue ANDO, Sanesuke AKITA as the headquarters of the Hiyama Ando clan of Shimonokuni family during five generations, and it seems that the clan extended its influence toward Hinai as well as Ani in Mutsu Province, using the castle as its stronghold.
- このため、本拠を置塩城に移し、晴政の子・赤松義祐は当時の天下人である織田信長と同盟を結ぶなどして勢力回復を図るが、浦上宗景との戦いに敗れて結局は没落した。
- To recover the presence, the clan took those countermeasures, including transferring of its home base to Okishio-jo Castle, and the alliance of Yoshisuke AKAMATSU, the son of Harumasa and Nobunaga ODA, who was the then tenkabito (person becoming the ruler of the country), however, the clan lost in the battle against Munekage URAGAMI and it eventually collapsed.
- 初めは懐良親王ら南朝勢力の討伐に任じられた今川貞世(了俊)が就くが、了俊が九州で独自の勢力を築くと幕府に警戒され、了俊が解任された後は渋川氏の世襲となる。
- Initially, Sadayo IMAGAWA (Ryoshun), who had been ordered to subdue Nancho powers such as Imperial Prince Kanenaga, assumed the position, but the Bakufu feared that Ryoshun would establish his own power in Kyushu; after Ryoshun was dismissed, descendants of the Shibukawa clan succeeded in the position.
- しかし、戦国大名による権力の一元化が進んだ戦国時代 (日本)になると在地の武士たちは城下町へ集住させられるようになり、堀之内・土居は次第に消滅していった。
- However, in the Sengoku period (period of warring states) (Japan), when authority was unified by the influential daimyo (Japanese territorial lord), samurai who had lived in their own town were obliged to live in a group in a castle town established by their lord, with the result that Horinouchi and Doi were gradually extinguished.
- その個性ある地名は、いずれも力自慢だった龍神(女神)とクジラの大王が、どちらが強いか知恵比べしようと、ここで囲碁で勝負した、との言い伝えによる(を参照)。
- The unique name of Bakuchi (gaming) originates from a legend that a dragon goddess and a whale king, both proud of their strength, played a game of go in a game of wits (reference).
- しかし城郭都市のようになった本願寺の存在と門徒たちの勢いを恐れた細川晴元は、京都市内をほぼ勢力下に置いた日蓮宗徒らと結託して一向宗に打撃を加えようとした。
- However Harumoto HOSOKAWA, fearing the presence of Hongwan-ji Temple--as if it had been a walled town--and strength of its followers, joined hands with the Nichiren sect, who held power over the entire Kyoto City, and attempted to attack the Ikko-shu sect.
- その後、公家・武家・寺院に権力が分散し、税の畿内集中が弱まることもあったが、室町幕府や南朝 (日本)が置かれたり、貿易により兵庫や堺が伸張して富を集めた。
- Thereafter, although the power was dispersed in court nobles, samurai families and temples, and the concentration of taxes in Kinai region was sometimes weakened, wealth was taken in with the establishment of the the Muromachi shogunate government and the South Court (Japan) as well as the expansion of Hyogo and Sakai by trade.
- 大王家の「倭」姓は、中国の冊封体制から離脱した5世紀末ないし、氏姓制度の形成が進んだ5世紀末から6世紀前半までの間に放棄されたとする説が有力となっている。
- A theory stating that the family name 'Wa' of Daio-ke was abandoned at the end of the 5th century when leaving the Sakuho system in China, or was abandoned in between the end of the 5th century and the first half of the 6th century when the Shise system was established, is powerful.
- その後親王宣下を受けるが、これが昨今の皇位継承問題 (平成)において臣籍に産まれた人物が皇籍についた事が旧皇族復帰を推す勢力に先例として重要視されている。
- Subsequently, he was given the title of Imperial Prince and in the latest issue on deciding the successor of the Imperial Throne in the Heisei period, this has been valued as a precedent by the group supporting the resurrection of the former Imperial Family, as it meant a commoner had entered the Imperial Family.
- 江戸幕府の征夷大将軍徳川吉宗の助力と関白一条兼香の補佐を得て朝廷の儀式の復古に力を入れ、大嘗祭の再復活や新嘗祭、奉幣使などの他の儀礼の復活にも力を注いだ。
- He had the help and support of the Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians'), Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, and the chancellor (chief adviser to the Emperor), Kaneka ICHIJO, and accordingly he endeavored to restore the events of the Imperial Palace, such as the Great Thanksgiving Service (after the Emperor's enthronement), or other events such as the Harvest Festival and Hohen shi (an imperial messenger to a Shinto shrine).
- 淳和上皇や恒貞親王は皇太子に立てられる事によって権力闘争に巻き込まれる事を憂慮して度々事辞退の申し入れをしたものの、嵯峨上皇や仁明天皇に慰留されてしまう。
- Although the Retired Emperor Junna and Imperial Prince Tsunesada refused to accept the position of Crown Prince many times, fearing to becoming involved in the power struggle, the Retired Emperor Saga and Emperor Ninmyo persuade them not to resign from the position of Crown Prince.
- 同じ源氏でも公卿として繁栄する系統や、武士や神官となる系統に別れるのは、政治情勢や臣籍降下する者、母方の勢力や身分がその後の官途に大きく左右する為である。
- The reason why some Minamoto clan flourished as nobles while others became samurai and Shinto priests is because their positions were largely dependent on the political situation, who demoted them and their maternal classes and influences.
- また、倉梯麻呂の娘・小足媛は孝徳天皇の妃となって有間皇子を生んだとされており、またもう一人の娘・橘媛は天智天皇の妃になるなど、当時の阿倍氏の勢力が窺える。
- Otarashihime, one of Kurahashimaro's daughters, became Emperor Kotoku's wife and gave birth to Prince Arima, and Tachibanahime, another daughter of his, and became Emperor Tenchi's wife; these facts suggest Abe clan's power at that time.
- そのため王や朝廷の大臣でも大王大妃の判断にむやみに口を挟めず、貞熹王后、文定王后、貞純王后、純元王后などは垂簾聴政により舞台裏の最高権力者になったりした。
- Therefore, King and ministers in the government could not interfere in decisions made by Daio ohi without reason, this was because Chonhi (貞熹) ogo (王后),Buntei ogo, Teijun ogo and Jungen ogo became the power behind the curtain (governance by women).
- 法文を素直に解釈すると、大日本帝国憲法においての天皇は大きな権力を持っていたように読めるが、明治以降も、天皇が直接命令して政治を行うことはあまり無かった。
- Reading the contents literally gives the impression that the Emperor had great power; but even after the Meiji period, the Emperor rarely governed the affairs of state directly.
- その子 伊達晴宗は足利将軍家有力一門 斯波氏の流れをひく大崎氏歴代の職である奥州探題に補任されたが、一方で隠居の稙宗の専制に対する家臣団の反発が蓄積された。
- The son of Tanemune, Harumune DATE, was first appointed as Oshu Tandai, the post successively held by the Osaki clan, a branch family of the Shiba clan (a powerful family of the Ashikaga Shogun Family), while a dictatorship by retired Tanemune caused anti-Tanemune feeling to build up among the vassals.
- 戦後の山名氏は存続こそ許されたものの、時義の子・山名時熙の但馬国守護職、同じく時義の子・氏幸の伯耆国守護職のみとなり、一族は大幅にその勢力を減ずるに至った。
- After the war against the bakufu, although the Yamana clan was permitted to have successors, only two members of the clan were allowed to serve as shugoshiki (provincial constables), Tokihiro, in charge of the Tajima Province, and Ujiyuki, in charge of the Hoki Province, both of who were sons of Tokiyoshi YAMANA.
- 天正14年(1586年)には関白・太政大臣に任ぜられ豊臣姓を賜り、天正18年(1590年)に日本を統一し全国で検地と刀狩りを実施させ政権の安定に力を注いだ。
- Hideyoshi was in 1586 appointed as grand minister of state and chief adviser to the Emperor, and was given the surname Toyotomi by the Emperor; in 1590 he unified Japan and endeavored to stabilize his government by conducting land surveys and sword hunts throughout the country.
- 政治においては、スキャンダル等によって退陣を余儀なくされた内閣総理大臣が、なお与党内において最も強力な影響力を保持している場合に「院政」の比喩が用いられる。
- In politics, a case where a prime minister has had no choice but to resign due to a scandal, etc., but retains the strongest influence within the ruling party, is referred to as 'insei.'
- これらの国人勢力も互いに整理統合されながら、強力な戦国大名が成長し、これが群雄割拠して幕府支配に取って代わり、以後の戦国時代への流れを作ってゆくことになる。
- Such Kokujin powers were regrouped/merged and developed into strong warring lordships, which competed with each other and grew in power; they replaced government by Bakufu and gave rise to the trend of civil war that followed.
- 南朝が衰微して、室町時代になると京には室町幕府が置かれたために政治都市として復活する一方で経済発展を遂げ、町衆と呼ばれる有力市民による自治の伝統が生まれた。
- While the establishment of the Muromachi bakufu in Kyo during the Muromachi period following the decline of the Southern Court led to the revival of Kyoto as a political city, it also achieved economic development and a tradition of self-governance by influential citizens called machishu (merchant class) arose.
- 町奉行は町の拡大を抑制する方針を採ったが、実際には都市の拡大が先行して町奉行及び新しい町割の是非を審査する新地掛の与力がこれを追認する状況が幕末まで続いた。
- Machi-bugyo adopted a policy to restrain the expansion of the town but it was in fact the case that until then end of the Edo period, a situation continued in which the city's expansion preceded any ratification by the machi-bugyo or the yoriki (police sergeants) who were responsible for assessing the propriety of new town planning.
- 旧皇族(以仁王は平家の圧力で「源以光」として臣籍降下させられていた)という出自もあり、死罪に処するわけにもいかず、結局仁和寺において出家させることとなった。
- Since he was a member of the former Imperial Family (Prince Motohito was forced to be demoted to a subject as 'MINAMOTO no Mochihito' by the Taira clan), applying a death penalty to him was not possible; after all, it was concluded that he would become a priest and enter Ninna-ji Temple.
- 鎌倉幕府末期の混乱期に頭角を表した清和源氏の名門足利氏の棟梁足利尊氏は、対抗勢力を打ち破り、武家の棟梁として1338年に征夷大将軍に任じられ室町幕府を開く。
- Takauji ASHIKAGA, the head of the distinguished Ashikaga clan from Seiwa-Genji who stood above others during the confusion at the end of Kamakura bakufu, defeated the counterforce, and was appointed seii taishogun as the head of the samurai family in 1338 and established the Muromachi bakufu.
- 宿禰(足尼とも書く)の称号は4世紀から6世紀にかけて、しばしば(王族ではない)有力豪族の名に下接して使われていた(例:野見宿禰・武内宿禰・多加利足尼など)。
- The title Sukune (which was written as '宿禰' or '足尼' in Japanese) was, particularly from the fourth century to the sixth, often added after the name of influential gozoku (local ruling families, who are not related to the royal family) (e.g., NOMI no Sukune, TAKENOUCHI no Sukune, TAKARI no Sukune and so on).
- 欽明天皇治世(540年 - 571年)には戊午の干支年が存在しないため、最も近い戊午年である538年(書紀によれば宣化天皇3年)が有力と考えられている。)。
- During the reign of Emperor Kinmei (540-571), since there was no year of the horse (the Oriental zodiac), 538, the year closest to his period of reign, is often considered when Buddhism was introduced to Japan.
- また企業や団体での類似の現象も院政と比喩されることがあるが、この場合は忠実な腹心や縁者を後継者として確定させることにより権力の更なる強化を図る意味合いが強い。
- Also, similar situations in companies or groups are sometimes described as insei, but in such cases the further strengthening of power is sought by deciding on a loyal right-hand man or a relative as one's successor.
- 後三条は、宇多天皇以来藤原北家(後三条天皇)を外戚に持たない170年ぶりの天皇であり、外戚の地位を権力の源泉としていた摂関政治がここに揺らぎ始めることとなる。
- Gosanjo was the first Emperor in 170 years whose cognates were not from the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan (Sekkan-ke (摂関家)), and this was another sign that Sekkan seiji, the authority of which was based on the position as being conducted by cognates of the Emperor, was beginning to waver.
- この時点での総戦力では未だに幕府軍が圧倒的に上回っており、巻き返すのも時間の問題と思われたが、慶喜は軍を捨てて大坂城を脱出(1月6日)、海路で江戸へ逃走した。
- At this stage, the former Shogunate forces were still far superior in military strength in total and were supposedly going to take the offensive in no time; Yoshinobu, however, escaped from Osaka Castle on January 30 and fled to Edo by sea, abandoning his army.
- 将軍を補佐する管領には細川氏、斯波氏、畠山氏の三管とよばれる有力守護大名が交替で、侍所長官である所司には赤松氏、一色氏、山名氏、京極氏の四職が交替で就任した。
- The major Shugo daimyos referred to as Sankan--the Hosokawa clan, Shiba clan and Hatakeyama clan--assumed the position of control and supported the Shogun, while the Akamatsu clan, Isshiki clan, Yamana clan and Kyogoku clan, as Shishiki, assumed by turns the position of Shoshi, the chief of Samurai-dokoro.
- 中級貴族であった経基の子源満仲(多田満仲)が藤原北家による摂関政治の確立に協力して中央における武門としての地位を築き、摂津国川辺郡多田の地に武士団を形成する。
- MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka (TADA no Manju), the son of Tsunemoto who was a middle-ranking noble, cooperated with the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan for the establishment of Sekkanseiji (regency), thereby gaining the status as the central samurai family and forming a samurai group in Tada, Kawabe District, Settsu Province.
- しかし、7世紀後半の天武天皇の時代、すなわち前述の唐の高宗皇帝の用例の直後とするのが、1998年の飛鳥池遺跡での天皇の文字を記した木簡発見以後の有力説である。
- However, the theory stating that it was adopted in the period of Emperor Tenmu in latter half of 7th century, which was right after the usage of the title by Emperor Gao Zong of Tang mentioned above, has the power, after the mokkan (wood strip), which has the Emperor's handwriting written on, was founded in the Asukaike Ruins in 1998.
- 平氏は、清盛が天台座主・明雲を導師として出家するなど延暦寺と友好的であり、重盛は積極的に動こうとしなかったため、後白河は延暦寺の圧力に屈して成親流罪を認める。
- Goshirakawa accepted the banishment of Narichika because of political pressure from the Enryaku-ji Temple, since the Taira clan was friendly with Enryaku-ji Temple, Kiyomori became a priest under the supervision of the head priest of the Tendai sect, Myoun, or Shigemori did not act spontaneously on this matter.
- 二条天皇を支える勢力として、藤原伊通(美福門院の従兄弟)・藤原経宗(二条生母・懿子の弟)・藤原惟方(二条の乳母・俊子の子)らが集結して、二条親政派を形成した。
- There was a support group of Emperor Nijo's directly ruled government, and the people of the group were FUJIWARA no Koremichi (Bifuku mon in's cousin), FUJIWARA no Tsunemune (Emperor Nijo's birth mother, Yoshiko's brother) and FUJIWARA no Korekata (Emperor Nijo's educator, Toshiko's child).
- 持為は、冷泉家の当主にはならなかったが、その実力を足利氏から認められ、独立した一家をもうけることが許され、兄の冷泉家とは別に同じ冷泉家を名乗ることも許された。
- Although Mochitame was not by right the head of the family, his ability was recognized by the Ashikaga clan and he was permitted to set up an independent family, separate from the Reizei family headed by his elder brother, but under the same Reizei name.
- 浅井亮政のとき、近江の北3郡を統べる守護大名であった京極氏の御家騒動を経て、北近江では、有力豪族の浅見氏を盟主とした国人衆をによる京極家の家政体制が布かれた。
- In the generation of Sukemasa AZAI, the Kyogoku family's government system came to be practically managed by kokujin-shu (a group of local samurais) lead by the Asami clan, an influential local ruling family, throughing the Kyogoku clan's family troubles, who was a shugo daimyo (Japanese provincial military governor which came to acquire an authority as a Japanese feudal lord) ruling over the three counties of the northern territory of Omi Province.
- 1598年に秀吉が死ぬと、後事を託された有力大名の中から徳川家康が台頭し、1600年の関ヶ原の戦いで石田三成ら豊臣政権擁護派の諸大名を倒し、覇権を打ちたてる。
- After Hideyoshi died in 1598, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA began to emerge out of the powerful daimyo who were consigned by Hideyoshi to take care of the posthumous affaires, and in the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, Ieyasu defeated the daimyo who were in support of the Toyotomi administration, including Mitsunari ISHIDA, and achieved to dominate the country.
- さらに論を進め、近江の皇別氏族(皇族が臣籍降下して誕生した氏族)息長氏(おきながうじ)の出身と見なし、大和王権を武力制圧して王位を簒奪したとする説も出された。
- A further advanced theory says that he came from the Okinaga clan, a family in Omi Province which branched out from the Imperial family (as a result of demotion from nobility to subject) and he wrested the throne by repressing the Yamato sovereignty by military power.
- ただ、近年の研究から山城国の石清水八幡宮近辺が有力説として上がり、そのために同じ山城出身の美濃国を乗っ取った斎藤道三と旧知の間柄にあったという説まで存在する。
- However, recent study has brought forth Iwashimizu Hachimangu in Yamashiro-no-kuni as the widely accepted theory, and from this theory there comes another theory that Dosan SAITO, who was also from Yamashiro and had assumed control of Mino-no-kuni, was an old friend of Hisahide.
- 以上から判るとおり、裁判結果が決して一方の主張に偏ることなく、特定の権力者の意向が反映しないよう、透明性と公平性が確保されたシステムが構築されていたのである。
- As explained above, the system ensured transparency and fairness in order to prevent the outcome of a trial to be one-sided or to reflect the inclinations of a particular influential individual.
- 安倍氏は北上川流域の奥六郡(現在の岩手県内陸部)を拠点として糠部(現在の青森県東部)から亘理・伊具(現在の宮城県南部)にいたる広大な地域に影響力を発揮していた。
- The Abe clan established its foothold in Okuroku-gun (inland six districts, at present the inland area of Iwate Prefecture) surrounding the Kitakami-gawa River, and exhibited great influence on the vast regions from Nukanobu (at present the eastern part of Aomori Prefecture) to Watari and Igu (at present the southern part of Miyagi Prefecture).
- また、足利政権から正式に守護に選ばれたのは、一族で和義が最初であったが、在国一年程度では国人の被官化には繋がらずそれが、勢力を急速に落とした要因にも成っている。
- Kazuyoshi was the first clan member to be appointed as Shugo by the Ashikaga government, but one year service was not long enough to vassalize local lords, which fact partly resulted in his rapid decline.
- しかし義弘の勢力を危険視した第3代将軍・足利義満の挑発に乗った義弘は、鎌倉公方の足利満兼と共謀して、応永6年(1399年)に堺で挙兵するも敗死した(応永の乱)。
- However, Yoshihiro was provoked by the third shogun, Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, who regarded Yoshihiro's power as dangerous, to raise an army in conspiracy with the Kamakura Kubo, Mitsukane ASHIKAGA in Sakai in 1399, but he died in the action (the Oei War).
- 伊達稙宗は陸奥守護職に補任し、奥州探題であった大崎氏の内紛を解決して、大崎義宣を養子に入れて傘下に取り込み、出羽国の最上氏も勢力圏に組み込むなど大きく飛躍した。
- After appointed as Mutsu shugoshiki (provincial constables of Mutsu Province), Tanemune DATE drastically increased its influence by adopting Yoshinobu OSAKI in return for solving an internal conflict of the Osaki clan (then-Oshu Tandai), and putting the Osaki clan and later the Mogami clan of Dewa Province under control.
- その一方で、多くの兵力を派遣していたため信長周辺の軍勢は手薄であり、武田家滅亡後は天下統一目前という開放的な雰囲気で、畿内では信長、家康とも小勢で移動していた。
- Under such situations, as a large military force was dispatched, troops around Nobunaga were not many and Nobunaga and Ieyasu moved around with a small military force in Kinai in an open atmosphere under just before unification of the whole country especially after downfall of the Takeda clan.
- 上賀茂地域では、自治連合会が中心になり、各種団体の協力のもと、ボランティアの隊員によるスクールガード隊を組織し、登下校時を中心に子どもたちの安全を見守っている。
- In Kamigamo region, a school guard team is volunteered to be organized, supported by various groups centered in a residents' joint association, to watch the children, especially commuting to and from school and home safely.
- 保津川は蛇行を繰り返す激流で大きな岩が無数にあったが、人力で引っ張ったり火薬を使って発破作業を行ったりしながら、高瀬舟の通れる水路を約5か月で完成させたという。
- It is said that although the Hozu-gawa River was a meandering, raging torrent and there were innumerable huge rocks in the river, the waterway was completed in five months by manually removing rocks and blasting them with gunpowder so that Takasebune boats were able to navigate the waters.
- しかし、2つの高気圧の勢力のバランスが崩れたときや、低気圧が近づいてきたり、前線付近に低気圧が発生したりしたときは、一時的に温暖前線や寒冷前線となることもある。
- If the balance between two high-pressure systems is lost or a low-pressure system approaches, however, the front may change temporarily to a warm front or a cold front.
- 今まで現人神とされ、写真も「御真影」等と呼ばれていた天皇が、しかも肩の力を抜いた姿の元帥の隣に直立不動の姿勢で、普通に新聞に写っていることは国民の衝撃を呼んだ。
- The photograph of the Emperor, who was considered as Arahitogami and his photographs were called 'Goshin-ei' (honorific name for the photograph of the Emperor) and so on, standing straight without moving next to the relaxed General, placed commonly in newspapers shocked the common people.
- このことをきっかけに正長元年(1428年)7月6日、これに不満を持った聖承は伊勢国国司で南朝側の有力者である北畠満雅を頼って居所の嵯峨 (京都市)から逃亡する。
- On August 25, 1428, however, Seisho became dissatisfied with this and thus exiled from his residence in Saga (the present-day Kyoto City), looking to Mitsumasa KITABATAKE, who was an influential person of the Southern Court and appointed as Ise no kuni Kokushi (the governor of Ise Province), for help.
- これにより、結果的に先に亡くなった厩戸皇子より長生きした大王からは後継者に明確に指定はされなかったものの、蘇我氏の力を背景に629年(舒明天皇元年)に即位した。
- Therefore, backed by the power of the Soga clan, he acceded to the throne in 629 although he had not been officially assigned by the okimi (great king), who outlived the Imperial Prince Umayado, who consequently died earlier than the okimi.
- 例えば2004年の平成16年台風第23号災害の救助活動や、福知山マラソン設営、「姫髪山の送り火」も大文字山として整地できたのは自衛隊の協力があったからこそである。
- For example, rescue operations in 2004 caused by typhoon No. 23, the holding of the Fukuchiyama marathon and land improvement of Mt. Himekami as Mt. Daimonji for 'Mt. Himekami Farewell Fires' could not be not implemented without cooperation of the Japan Self-Defense Forces.
- 鈴木氏は紀ノ川対岸の雑賀荘(現在の和歌山市街周辺)を中心に周辺の荘園の土豪たちが結集してつくっていた雑賀衆の有力な家系のひとつで、十ヶ郷の指導者的な立場にあった。
- The Suzuki clan was one of the powerful family lines of Saigashu, formed centering the Saiga-so estate (present periphery of the urban area of Wakayama City) by the local clans of the shoen (manor in medieval Japan) in the vicinity of, and it was in the position of the leader of the Jikkago area.
- 斯波氏は家柄としては三管領の筆頭を誇り勢力も大きいことから嫡流も奥州に拠点を持った斯波氏の一門(高水寺斯波氏、大崎氏、最上氏、天童氏など)らも当初は大いに栄えた。
- The Shiba clan with such a high social standing as the head of the Sankanrei (Three deputies) was so powerfulthat both the head family and the branch families of the Shiba clan based in Oshu (the Kosuiji Shiba clan, the Osaki clan, the Mogami clan, the Tendo clan, and so on) were fairly prosperous at first.
- しかし、旧勢力の抵抗は止むことなく、河内・紀伊の守護で三管領のひとつ畠山氏の畠山高政、南近江の半国守護で細川晴元の従兄弟の六角義賢らは反三好の兵を起こすなどした。
- However, the resistance from the old power did not stop, and Takamasa HATAKEYAMA, one of sankanrei (three families in the post of kanrei, or shogunal deputy) and Yoshikata ROKKAKU, the hankoku shugo (military governor in charge of the half area of the province) and male cousin of Harumoto HOSOKAWA raised rebellion against Miyoshi.
- 梅雨前線の活動が太平洋高気圧の勢力拡大によって弱まるか、各地域の北側に押し上げられ、今後前線の影響による雨が降らない状況になったとき、梅雨が終わったとみなされる。
- Baiu is deemed to have ended when activities of the baiu front are weakened by expansion of strength of the Pacific anticyclone or the baiu front has been forced to move the north of each area and no rain is expected because of the influence of the front.
- 7月10日、追い詰められた崇徳は藤原頼長とともに白河殿に移り、平忠正、平家弘、源為義ら武士を召集して、生き残りを図るために武力で天皇方を倒そうとした(保元の乱)。
- On July 10, a desperate Sutoku entered into Shirakawa dono (the Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa's Palace in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City) with FUJIWARA no Yorinaga, and gathered samurai like TAIRA no Tadamasa, Taira no Iehiro and MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi to fight against Goshirakawa's force (the Hogen War).
- 『後鳥羽院御口伝』には「斎院はことももみもみとあるやうに詠まれき」とあるように、艶麗でありながら俊成の閑寂さをも併せもつ独自の歌境がその魅力であると言えるだろう。
- In the 'Gotobain Gokuden' (oral instruction), it said 'The Saiin created poems as if it was very easy for her,' the style of her poems were very original, they are fascinating yet had Shunzei's calm and simple style.
- また、そのほかにも学界において毒殺説を採る研究者は少なからずおり、1980年代初頭までは孝明天皇の死因について、毒殺を中心とした変死説が然るべき勢力を保っていた。
- There are a few a researchers in the academic world who insisted on the theory was true about the Emperor being poisoned, the Emperor's unnatural death was the dominant theory until the early 1980's.
- 平安末期になると、鳥羽上皇の後継をめぐって崇徳天皇、近衛天皇、後白河天皇の兄弟間による皇位承継紛争が保元の乱・平治の乱という武力衝突により解決されることとなった。
- In the late Heian period, the dispute about Imperial succession to the Retired Emperor Toba happened, Emperor Sutoku, Emperor Konoe, and Emperor Goshirakawa, between brothers, opposed to each other, but, it was settled by armed conflict after the Hogen War, the Heiji War.
- 以降尊義の東条吉良氏と、西条に勢力を限定された満貞の西条吉良氏とは、互いに正統性を主張しあって譲らず、両者の子孫が約一世紀に渡って三河一国を舞台に抗争を繰り広げた。
- After this incident, the Takayoshi's family line of the Tojokira clan and the Saijokira clan, which had limited power over the Saijo, persisted on the legitimacy of their respective clans, the conflict continued for over a century staged upon Mikawa Province between the descendents of the two.
- 丹波国は古くより京都の出入口に当たる地理的条件から各時代の権力者から重要視され、播磨や大和などと並んで鎌倉時代の六波羅探題や江戸時代の京都所司代などの支配を受けた。
- Since ancient times, authorities have regarded Tanba as an important area due to its geographic situation as one of the entrances to Kyoto, so Tanba was, just like Harima and Yamato provinces, under control of the Rokuhara Tandai in the Kamakura period and the Kyoto Shoshidai in the Edo period.
- しかし、黒田長政の仲介により当時秀吉に次ぐ実力者であった徳川家康と出会った宗厳は、家康の前で「無刀取り」を披露したことにより、兵法指南役に迎えたいと申し出を受ける。
- However, by the arrangement of Nagamasa KURODA, Munetoshi met Ieyasu TOKUGAWA who was the most powerful samurai next to Hideyoshi at that time, and in front of Ieyasu, he performed 'Muto-dori' (seizing opponent's sword without his own sword), and as a result, he was offered the position of the instructor of Heiho (art of warfare).
- 渡来人の高い生産性に支えられた葛城氏の実力は極めて巨大で、大王家のそれと肩を並べるほどであり、両者の微妙なバランスの上に、当時のヤマト政権が成立していたのであろう。
- The Katsuraki clan, supported by the high productivity of immigrant workers, was so powerful that it was as strong as the Okimi family; it is thought that the Yamato regime exsited in a delicate balance between the two families.
- このほか中央の文献には当時、伯耆国内で有力であった小鴨氏、南条氏、村上氏_(伯耆国)などと並んで進氏の名が記されており、西伯耆の有力者であったことがうかがい知れる。
- In some records of the administrations, the name of the Shin clan is found as well as the Kogamo clan, Nanjo clan, Murakami clan of Hoki Province and so on which were powerful clans in Hoki Province in those days, therefore, the Shin clan is considered to have been one of such influential clans in West Hoki.
- 甲斐源氏の嫡流となった武田氏に対し、加賀美氏流の小笠原氏は庶家にあたるものの、格式や勢力の上では決して武田氏に劣ることなく、全国各地に所領や一族を有する大族である。
- While the Takeda clan was the main branch of Kai-Genji (Minamoto clan), the Ogasawara clan of the Kagami clan line was a branch family, however it was never inferior to the Takeda clan considering the social status and influence and still a major clan having territories and family throughout the country.
- また、紀州の雑賀衆にすぎない土橋重治ですら、光秀に対して信長討伐の協力を申し出ていることから、毛利氏が本能寺の変を知っていたとしても不思議ではないとする考えもある。
- Also, some considers that, even Shigeharu TSUCHIHASHI, who was a mere dogo in Saiga, Kishu, offered Mitsuhide cooperation to overthrow Nobunaga, it is not strange that the Mori clan knew above Honnoji Incident.
- その一方で、2007年現在も神戸市の福原 (神戸市)と並び、関西では屈指のソープランド街を形成しており、風俗街が温泉街の集客力の一部を担っていることも事実ではある。
- On the other side, the red-light area is one of the biggest special bathhouse (brothel) areas in Kansai region along with the one in Fukuhara, Kobe City, and it is also true that the red-light area plays a role in attracting guests for the hot springs resort area.
- 熊本県玉名郡和水町の江田船山古墳出土の銀象嵌鉄刀銘や埼玉県行田市の稲荷山古墳出土の金錯銘鉄剣銘を「獲加多支鹵大王 (ヤマト王権)」と解しその証とする説が有力である。
- Also there is a popular theory to prove his power by deciphering the inscriptions on the iron sword inlaid with silver (excavated from the Eta Funayama Tumulus (Nagomi Town, Tamana County, Kumamoto Prefecture)) and the iron sword with gold inscription (excavated from the Inariyama-kofun Tumulus (Gyoda City, Saitama Prefecture)) as 'Wakatakeru no Okimi (the Great King Wakatakeru).'
- また、後光明天皇の崩御直後にその弟の後西天皇の即位を渋る(後西天皇が仙台藩伊達綱宗の従兄弟であったため)幕府を説得して即位を実現させたのも彼女の尽力によるとされる。
- She also persuaded the Tokugawa shogunate, who refused to accept Emperor Gosai's enthronement immediately after his older brother, Emperor Gokomyo died. (due to Emperor Gosai being a second cousin of Tsunamune DATE of the Sendai Domain.)
- 信隆の子の信清は後鳥羽天皇の叔父にあたり、また信清の娘は鎌倉幕府将軍源実朝の正室となったことから、坊門家は皇室・幕府いずれに対しても大きな影響力を持つようになった。
- Nobukiyo, Nobutaka's son, was the Emperor Gotoba's uncle, and Nobukiyo's daughter became the legal wife of MINAMOTO no Sanetomo, Shogun of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun); as a result, the Bomon family came to hold enormous influence over both the imperial house and the bakufu.
- 以後、幸徳井家は興福寺と事実上の主従関係を結び、その力を背景に南都社寺への日時勘申を初め、陰陽師・声聞師の監督など南都に関する陰陽道・暦道に関する全てを取り仕切った。
- The KOTOKUI family formed a lord-and-vassal relationship with the Kofuku-ji Temple, and backed by the temple's influence, controlled all things concerning the Onmyodo-Rekido of Nanto including Nichiji Kanjin (a way of divining something according to the time and day) to the shrines and temples as well as supervision of the Onmyoji (a master of Yin yang) and the Shomonji (a group of itinerant performers whose work encompassed both non-performance activites and religious rituals).
- 藤原宗円の子の八田宗綱の係累の八田一族の家々であるが、八田宗綱の嫡子の宇都宮朝綱(八田朝綱)を祖とする宗族である宇都宮氏からは分離したともいえる勢力を築いた家である。
- Descendents of Munetsuna Hatta, a son of FUJIWARA no Soen, Hatta families built its sphere of influence which can be said to have been separated from the Utsunomiya clan, the paternal family group founded by Tomotsuna UTSUNOMIYA (Tomotsuna HATTA) who was a legitimate child of Munetsuna HATTA.
- 直義は北朝の光厳天皇に師直追討の院宣を要請して師直を討とうとするが、8月12日、師直は河内から上洛した高師泰とともに手兵を集め、直義に対して武力による先制攻撃を行う。
- Tadayoshi requested an Imperial order to attack Moronao from Emperor Kogon of the Southern Court to kill Moronao, but on August 12, Moronao gathered troops together with Moroyasu KO who came to the capital from Kawachi and made a preemptive strike against Tadayoshi.
- これら有力守護は、幕府に出仕するため継続して在京することが多く、領国を離れる場合や多くの分国を抱える場合などに、守護の代官として国人や直属家臣の中から守護代を置いた。
- These powerful shugo often resided in the capital for some duration in order to serve the shogunate, and for that reason they appointed the shugo-dai (deputy shugo) from the kokujin and the direct vassals as deputies of the shugo when they left the province or had many provinces.
- 新選組(しんせんぐみ)は、江戸時代後期の幕末期に、主として京都において、反幕府勢力弾圧・警察活動に従事したのち、旧江戸幕府の一員として戊辰戦争を戦った軍事組織である。
- Shinsen-gumi was a military organization which, during the last days of the shogunate at the end of the Edo period, suppressed anti-shogunate forces and engaged in police activities, primarily in Kyoto, and fought for the Edo shogunate in the Boshin War.
- 焼失した京都御所の修理を行った浅野に対し、後西天皇に対する譲位圧力など幕府の様々な朝廷政治工作にかかわっていたであろう吉良義央を、東山天皇は憎んでいたのかもしれない。
- While Asano was helping to fix the Kyoto Imperial Palace that was previously burned down, but there was a possibility that Yoshinaka KIRA might have been involved in the various political moves of the bakufu towards the Imperial Palace, such as putting pressure on Emperor Gosai for the abdication of the throne, Emperor Higashiyama might have had a hatred towards Yoshinaka KIRA due to this reason.
- 蘇我氏の血を引かない敏達王統の最有力者であって、忍坂部(刑部氏)・丸子部などの独立した財政基盤を有し、王都を離れて水派宮(みまたのみや、奈良県河合町か)を営んでいた。
- He was the most powerful person among the Bindatsu imperial line which was not the descendant of the Soga clan, and owned independent financial foundations, including Osakabe (the Otsusakabe clan) and Marukobe, and ran Mimata no miya (Kawai-cho, Nara Prefecture) away from the imperial capital.
- しかし将門は、敵対勢力への対応に忙殺されて翌年には討たれているためその政治目的は不明瞭であるが、独自に諸国受領などの文武百官を任命するなど支配機構の確立も行っている。
- However, Masakado was busy dealing with the enemy forces and he was avenged the following year so the political aim is unclear but he established the ruling organization by assigning Bunbu Hyakkan such as Zuryo (the head of the provincial governors) in various districts in his own accord.
- 室町幕府管領の細川勝元と、山名持豊(出家して山名宗全)らの有力守護大名が争い、九州など一部の地方を除く全国に拡大、影響し、戦国時代 (日本)に突入するきっかけとなった。
- Strife between Katsumoto HOSOKAWA, Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) Kanrei (Shogun's deputy of the Muromachi Bakufu), and influential shugo daimyos (military governors-turned-provincial lords) including Mochitoyo YAMANA (later tonsured and renamed Sozen YAMANA) expanded nationwide except in some regions including Kyushu, and thereby triggering the advent of the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States in Japan).
- 戊辰戦争(ぼしんせんそう、慶応4年/明治元年 - 明治2年(1868年 - 1869年))は、王政復古 (日本)で成立した明治新政府が江戸幕府勢力を一掃した日本の内戦。
- The Boshin War from 1868 to 1869 was a civil war in Japan in which the new Meiji government, brought about by the restoration of the Japanese monarchy, eradicated the power of the Edo Shogunate.
- 福井県嶺南地方では、関西電力の原子力発電所立地の影響で、発電所立地自治体(敦賀市・美浜町 (福井県)・大飯町-現おおい町・高浜町)と非立地自治体の間で財政に格差がある。
- In Reinan area of Fukui prefecture, where nuclear power plants of Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. are located, a financial difference exists between the municipalities with nuclear power plants (Tsuruga City, Mihama-cho (Fukui Prefecture), Oi-cho-current Oi-cho, Takahama-cho) and municipalities which are not located nearby such plants.
- この頃までの代々の天皇の出自や系統については、記紀の記述通りの「万世一系」ではなく、倭国内各地の有力豪族の間での、複雑な権力移動が裏にあったのではないかという説もある。
- As for the origin and lineage of Emperors around this period, there is also a theory stating that it was not 'bansei ikkei' (an unbroken line) like described in the Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters) and the Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan), but had complex movement of powers in behind and between the powerful local ruling families in various places inside Wakoku.
- 現在は宮内庁により奈良県明日香村栗原にある栗原塚穴古墳が陵墓に指定されているが、八角墳であり横口式石槨を持つ同村平田の中尾山古墳を真の文武天皇陵とする意見が有力である。
- At present, Kurihara tsukaana-kofun Tumulus in Kurihara, Asuka-mura Village, Nara Prefecture is designated as his mausoleum by the Imperial Household Agency, but a leading hypothesis today claims that Nakaoyama-kofun Tumulus at Hirata in the same village, which is an octagonal tumulus including a stone chamber with a side entrance, as the Emperor Monmu's genuine mausoleum.
- 宇都宮氏には引き続き下野守護職が残されたものの、鎌倉公方の理不尽な方針に不満を抱かせ、室町幕府直属の京都扶持衆に加わって鎌倉公方に対して抵抗を続けながら勢力挽回を図った。
- Although the Utsunomiya clan kept the post of Shimotsuke Shugoshoku, it was dissatisfied with the Kamakura Kubo's unreasonable policy, and therefore it tried to regain its power while continuing resistance against the Kamakura Kubo by joining Kyoto-fuchishu (warriors in the Kanto and the northeastern regions) directly under the Muromachi bakufu's command.
- 鎌倉時代後期から、名門武家・公家を始めとする旧来の支配勢力は、生産力向上に伴い力をつけてきた国人・商人・農民などによって、その既得権益を侵食され没落の一途をたどっていた。
- Since the late Kamakura period, old-established ruling powers including celebrated samurai families and court nobles suffered gradual deprivation of their vested interest by kokujin, merchants, and farmers, who had been gaining power along with the enhancement of productivity, and were in a consistent process of downfall.
- しかし、その栄光も長くは続かず、正慶2年(1333年)には後醍醐側勢力が巻き返すと鎌倉幕府はあえなく滅亡し、後伏見上皇と光厳天皇もまた後醍醐天皇によってすぐに廃立された。
- That glory didn't last long, the Kamakura bakufu collapsed after the force of Emperor Godaigo made a comeback in 1333, soon after this, the throne of the Retired Emperor Gofushimi and Emperor Kogon was abolished by Emperor Godaigo.
- 1428年に称光天皇が危篤に陥ると後南朝勢力などが活動の気配を見せ、室町幕府6代将軍の足利義教は伏見御所にいた彦仁王を保護し、治天の君である後小松上皇に新帝指名を求める。
- In 1428 when Emperor Shoko was in critical condition, the Second Southern Court began revealing their active political ambitions, the 6th Shogun in the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), Yoshinori ASHIKAGA protected Prince Hikohito in the Fushimi Imperial Palace, and demanded Retired Emperor Gokomatsu, Chiten no kimi (ex-emperor who is in control of politics by ruling the cloister government), to appoint a new emperor.
- 賀名生で2年、河内金剛寺で3年あまりの幽閉生活を送るが、南朝勢力が衰微して講和へ傾くようになると、1357年(延文2年 / 正平12年)に光厳院、直仁親王と共に帰京する。
- The Emperor was in durance for two years while in Ano, three years in Kawachi Kongo-ji Temple, when the Southern Courts became weak and concluded peace together, he went back to Kyoto with the Kogon-in and Imperial Prince Naohito in 1357.
- 凡下平民の出自でこれといった一門衆家臣団を持たない秀吉は、有力家臣である大名や武家に任官の際に豊臣姓や羽柴の名字を与え、自らは豊臣氏の氏長者となることで統治しようとした。
- Hideyoshi, who was from a family of ordinary commoner and had no hereditary vassals of the family, tried to strengthen his reign as the head of the uji no choja (the head) of the Toyotomi clan, by granting the name of the 'Toyotomi' or his myoji (family name) 'Hashiba' to those influential daimyo (feudal lords) and samurai families, when he appointed them to a certain government post.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)により、天皇家と公家勢力の権力及その権威が低下すると共に、足利幕府の成立以来、足利将軍家の権威は天皇家に迫り、実質的に日本の君主としての役割を担った。
- Due to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), the power and authority of the Imperial Family and Court noble declined, and at the same time, the Ashikaga Shogun Family's authority advanced on that of the Imperial Family and he practically served the role of the monarch of Japan.
- そのような中で筒井氏の当主となった筒井順興は英明で、大和国人衆の一人として興福寺に属しながら宿敵・越智氏を討ち滅ぼして勢力を拡大し、筒井氏を大和の戦国大名としてのし上げた。
- Junko TSUTSUI, who became the head of the Tsutsui clan in the chaotic situation, demonstrated his ability very well and destroyed the longtime foe the Ochi clan while serving Kofuku-ji Temple as one of Kokujinshu (local governors) of Yamato, and he extended influence to establish the clan as one of powerful Sengoku daimyo of Yamato.
- しかし、政宗はそうした親族血縁や幕府の旧権威を良しとせず、伊達氏の勢力拡大を推し進め、足利一門の畠山氏嫡流の流れを汲む二本松氏を打倒し、蘆名氏や旧奥州探題・大崎氏と戦った。
- However, as Masamune did not respect such relationship and old authorities of bakufu, he promoted a territorial expansion of the Date clan by beating the Nihonmatsu clan, a branch family of the Hatakeyama clan (one of the Ashikaga clan), and fighting against the Ashina clan and the Osaki clan, a former Oshu Tandai.
- 尊氏が一時形勢不利で九州へ西下している間は新田義貞の勢力を赤穂郡の白旗城で釘付けにして、延元元/建武 (日本)3年(1336年)の湊川の戦いが尊氏を勝利に導く遠因を作った。
- While Takauji withdrew westward to Kyushu on the backfoot, the clan blocked the force of Yoshisada NITTA at Shirahata-jo Castle in Ako County, and in the Battle of Minato-gawa River in 1336, its performance became an underlying cause to Takauji's victory.
- この間、俗論党という佐幕派勢力によるクーデターも起き、藩論は一時佐幕に傾いた事もあるが、高杉晋作率いる奇兵隊によって俗論党政権は掃討され、再度藩論は倒幕に動くこととなった。
- In the meantime there occurred a coup d'etat by Zokuron-to, a pro-Bakufu power, and opinions within the clan temporarily shifted to pro-Bakufu; but Zokuron-to was defeated by Kihei-tai (奇兵隊) led by Shinsaku TAKASUGI, and the opinion of the clan again shifted toward the Tobaku movement.
- 政権を担当する者・勢力はいつの世でもそうすることが多いが(そうなることが多いが)、黒船に象徴される圧倒的な武力を見せ付けられた江戸幕府は、現実的な解として、開国を選択する。
- As is the general course for all persons/powers in charge of the government in any age, Edo Bakufu, which had shown the overwhelming military power symbolized by the black ships, chose to open the country to the world as a practical solution.
- ロート製薬、オムロン、積水ハウス総合住宅研究所などの民間研究施設ならびに、きっづ光科学館ふぉとん(日本原子力研究開発機構 関西光科学研究所)、ATR等の国の研究施設が立地。
- The area is home not only to private research facilities, such as Rohto Research Village Kyoto, Omron Corporation Keihanna Technology Innovation Center and Sekisui House Co., Ltd. Comprehensive Housing R & D Institute, but also national research facilities, such as the Kids' Science Museum of Photons operated by Kansai Photon Science Institute which belongs to Japan Atomic Energy Agency, and Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR).
- 逆に尊攘派は吉田稔麿・北添佶摩・宮部鼎蔵・大高又次郎・石川潤次郎・杉山松助・松田重助らの実力者が戦死し、大打撃を受ける(彼らは後の新政府により俗に「殉難七士」と呼ばれる)。
- The 'revere the emperor, expel foreigners' faction, on the other hand, took a big blow with the deaths of such important activists as Toshimaro YOSHIDA, Kichima KITAZOE, Teizo MIYABE, Matajiro OTAKA, Junjiro ISHIKAWA, Matsusuke SUGIYAMA and Jusuke MATSUDA. (They were later called the 'Seven Martyrs' by the new government.)
- 平群真鳥(へぐりのまとり)を大臣に、大伴室屋(おおとものむろや)・物部目(もののべのめ)を大連(おおむらじ)に任じて、軍事力で専制王権を確立した大泊瀬幼武大王(雄略天皇)。
- By appointing HEGURI no Matori as an Oomi, and OTOMO no Muroya and MONONOBE no Me as Omuraji (Oomi and Omuraji are high ranking titles), Ohatsuse no Wakatakeru no Okimi (the Emperor Yuryaku) established a tyrannical government with military power.
- 1355年(文和四年/正平十年)諏訪氏・仁科氏など信濃の宮方勢力を結集し、信濃守護小笠原長基と桔梗ヶ原で決戦に及ぶが敗れて、以後は大河原に籠り壊滅した信濃の宮方再建を図る。
- In 1355 he gathered the army from Shinano Southern Court forces, such as the Suwa clan, the Nishina clan and battled the Military governor of Shinano Province, Nagamoto OGASAWARA at Kikyogahara, however he lost the battle, and returned to Okawara and remained there, to restore the destroyed Southern Court forces in Shinano.
- そのため、聖武天皇唯一の皇子であり、皇太子の最も有力な候補であるはずだったが、天平10年(738年)1月13日、光明皇后を母に持つ阿倍内親王(後の孝謙天皇)が立太子される。
- While he was the only Prince of Emperor Shomu and was to be the most promising candidate for Crown Prince, the Imperial Princess Abe (later to become Empress Koken) whose mother was Empress Komyo was formally installed as Crown Princess on February 10, 738,
- 院庁下文が、詔勅や太政官符などの政府として最終決定意思を表示する文書と、同等の効力が認められていたのに対し、院宣は形式の面でも効力の面でも、簡易なものとして発給されていた。
- While an innocho kudashibumi, such as Shochoku (imperial edict) and Daijokanpu (official documents issued by Daijokan, Grand Council of State), was a document that expressed the final decision of the government, an inzen was considered a much simpler document from the point of view of its format and efficacy.
- その改革は、地方官(国司)へ租税収取や軍事などの権限を大幅に委譲するというもので、国司は中央へ確実に租税を上納する代わりに、自由かつ強力に国内を支配する権利を得たのである。
- The reform involved transferring a great part of the power to impose and collect taxes as well as the military power to the local officials (kokushi); in return for the secure payment of taxes to the central government, the kokushi gained the freedom to govern the province at his will.
- 福知山市を含む周辺地域では縄文時代の始め頃から人が住んでいたといわれ、広範囲において数多くの古墳やその住居跡が出土したことから、かつては多数の有力豪族が居たと考えられている。
- It is said that people lived in the surrounding area including Fukuchiyama City from the beginning of the Jomon period; many influential powerful families are thought to have lived here because many ancient tombs and dwellings were found across a wide area.
- 経清もまた安倍氏の滅亡の際に頼義に囚われ斬首されたが、その妻(つまり頼時の娘)は頼義の3倍の兵力を率いて参戦した戦勝の立役者である清原武則の長男・武貞に再嫁することとなった。
- Tsunekiyo was also captured and decapitated by Yoriyoshi when the Abe clan was destroyed, but his wife (that is, a daughter of Yoritoki) remarried KIYOHARA no Takesada, the first son of KIYOHARA no Takenori who had joined the war with three times as much military power as Yoriyoshi's and so immensely contributed to Yoriyoshi's victory.
- 当時の島津氏は上方の情勢に疎かったがために西軍に付かざるを得ない状況となり、この反省から、以後薩摩藩は独立王国の様相を呈し始め、各地に密偵を配置し、情報収集力の増強に努めた。
- The Shimazu clan at that time lacked sufficient knowledge regarding the situation in the Kyoto-Osaka district, so it had no choice but to join the Western Army; it was their regret over this decision that resulted in the Satsuma clan starting to show signs of becoming an independent realm, placing spies in various regions and trying to strengthen its ability to collect information.
- 長州藩は下関戦争の後尊皇論を基盤に藩論は攘夷で維持していたが、1865年、日米修好通商条約に孝明天皇が勅許を出したことにより尊皇と攘夷は結びつかなくなり、攘夷の力が失われた。
- After the Shimonoseki War, the Choshu clan maintained its opinion on the expulsion of foreigners, based on the idea of Sonno; however, when Emperor Komei permitted the Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the United States and Japan in 1865, Sonno and the expulsion of foreigners could no longer be connected, and those advocating the expulsion of foreigners lost their power.
- しかしながら、「父信長だけでなく兄信忠も死んだ事を知った信孝が、予想される織田氏の家督争いの有力者の一人になる可能性のある信澄を言いがかりをつけて殺害した」とする見方もある。
- However, there is a view that advocates 'Nobutaka, who knew that not only his father, Nobunaga, but also his elder brother, Nobutada, were killed, killed Nobusumi who might become a candidate for the family head of the Oda clan, by making a false charge.'
- それに対して室町将軍も、守護大名の頭越しに各地の武士と主従関係を結び、上記の「奉公衆」を編成し、将軍直轄の軍事力を強化するのみならず、守護大名の領国支配に楔を入れたのである。
- Against such circumstances, Shogun Muromachi hired samurais of various regions over the Shugo daimyos' heads, and formed 'Hoko-shu' as mentioned above, which not only strengthened the direct military power of the shogun but also deterred the control of Shugo daimyos over their lands.
- しかし、鳥羽は生前すでに有事に備えて、有力な武士らに後白河を守るよう命じており、7月11日には平清盛・源義朝・源義康らの白河殿への夜陰に乗じた奇襲攻撃により、院方は敗走した。
- However, Emperor Toba had already instructed important samurai to protect Goshirakawa if anything should happen, and on July 11 TAIRA no Kiyomori, MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo and MINAMOTO no Yoshiyasu made a breakaway nighttime attack into Shirakawa dono, and consequently Sutoku's force was defeated by the Goshirakawa force.
- 財閥本社社長たる歴代吉左衛門の仕事は、究極的には財閥の事実上の最高権力者である住友本社(住友合資会社)総理事の信認に尽きるといってよく、個々の事業に口を差し挟む事はなかった。
- All the duties of the successive Kichizaemon as president of the zaibatsu (main company) are the repository of trust in the head of the directors of the main Sumitomo company (Sumitomo Limited Partnership Corporation); therefore, the successive Kichizaemon did not give any specific orders to the individual businesses.
- そのため奥州は朝廷における政争と無縁な地帯になり、奥州藤原氏は奥州17万騎と言われた強大な武力と政治的中立を背景に源平合戦の最中も平穏の中で独自の政権と文化を確立する事になる。
- Thus, the Oshu region incurred no effect from the political strife which occurred in the Imperial Court, and even during the middle of the Genpei War, the Oshu Fujiwara clan enjoyed a peace through which it established independent politics and culture backed by its political neutrality and huge military forces, which is said to have reached 170,000 cavalry.
- 鎌倉時代に入ると、鳥羽院は代々院御厨別当・関東申次を務めた西園寺家が周辺の土地とともに知行して治天の君の院政に対して経済的な貢献を行うとともに、その政治力を支える基盤となった。
- Since Tobain (Toba-dono) and its surrounding area was ruled by the Saionji family, who served as chief officers of mikuriya (manors of the retired emperors) and Kanto moshitsugi (court-appointed liaison with the bakufu) for generation, it served as the financial and political basis of the cloister government by Chiten no kimi in the Kamakura period.
- 前述のように、東西方向に走る山脈はこうした地質構造に支配されており、一方、南北方向に走る山脈には東西方向からの圧力による波状変形が見られるが、断層は乏しく、地質は連続的である。
- As described above, the mountain ranges that stretch east to west are influenced by such geological structures while the mountain ranges that stretch south and north have continuous geology with few dislocations and some rolling deformations by the pressure from the east and the west.
- 他方、外交が重視される時期や、奈良盆地の既存勢力と距離を置きたい場合には、日本海-若狭湾-琵琶湖-淀川-大阪湾-瀬戸内海の内陸水系物流ルート沿いの琵琶湖南岸以南に都が置かれた。
- On the other hand, in time periods focusing on diplomacy, or if an emperor wanted to establish themselves at a distance from the existing powers in the Nara Basin, their capitals were placed to the south of the southern coast of Lake Biwa along the inland water system logistics route from the Japan Sea, via Wakasa Bay, Lake Biwa, the Yodo River, Osaka Bay and to the Seto Inland Sea.
- そのあとも在位認定はされていなかったが、八代國治の実証学的な文献研究により学術的な正当性をもって在位が確認された(八代が旧南朝の勢力圏であった奈良の旧家から古文書を発掘した)。
- Even after that, the Emperor Chokei's reign had not been identified until Kuniji YASHIRO made empirical research on materials and identified the reign with academic validity (YASHIRO found old materials in an old house in Nara, a region dominated by the old Southern Court).
- 嵯峨上皇の崩後も太皇太后として隠然たる勢力を有し、橘氏の子弟のために大学別曹学館院を設立するなど勢威を誇り、仁明天皇の地位を安定させるために承和の変にも深く関わったといわれる。
- She had absolute power as a grand empress after the Retired Emperor Saga died, she wielded her influence and established Daigaku besso Gakkan in (accommodation facility built near the University or college by the influential court nobles for their children in the Heian period) for the Tachibana clan, and was deeply involved in the Showa Incident to secure the position for Emperor Ninmyo.
- また、親房が『神皇正統記』で後醍醐天皇の建武の新政を痛烈に批判している事や、定房が武力討幕に反対して元弘の変における天皇の挙兵計画を鎌倉幕府に密告している事は良く知られている。
- Besides, it is well known that he viciously criticized the Kenmu Restoration in 'Jinno Shoto ki' (A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns) by Emperor Godaigo; Sadafusa was against the overthrow of the bakufu, and secretly informed the Kamakura bakufu of the Emperor's plan to rise in arms at the time of Genko Disturbance.
- このときは、有力候補がおらず、廃太子となった恒貞親王や嵯峨の子である源融らが候補となったが、最終的には称徳崩御時の先例をとって、仁明の子で年配の光孝天皇が即位して皇位を継いだ。
- At this time there wasn't an appropriate successor and Imperia Prince Tsunesada, who had previously lost his position as Crown Prince, and Emperor Saga's child, MINAMOTO no Toru, were both appointed as successors, finally it was decided in favor of Emperor Ninmyo's child, Emperor Koko who was rather old to become a successor, became Emperor after following the example of when Emperor Shoko died.
- 道長も太政官を政治的基盤として維持するために関白就任を望まず、道長が孫の後一条天皇の摂政に就任するまでの20年間「内覧左大臣」として最高権力の地位に座り、摂関不在状態が続いた。
- Michinaga did not wish to be appointed Chancellor in order to maintain his political base, as being the Grand Council of State, he was in the highest political position of 'Nairan Sadaijin (Minister of the left) for twenty years, until his grandchild, Emperor Goichijo appointed Michinaga as the Chancellor, during this time there was no one in fact in the position Chancellor.
- 後醍醐は両統迭立状態を解消し、自身の系統に皇統を再度統一したと考えていたが、その後、後醍醐の新政へ多くの離反が相次ぎ、離反勢力からなる足利幕府は持明院統から光明天皇を擁立した。
- The Emperor had the intention to solve the current problem of conducting Ryoto Tetsuritsu and re-unifying the Imperial line to his lineage, however there were many disputes against the Emperor's new government, the Ashikaga shogunate who was in opposition to the Emperor appointed Emperor Komyo from the Jimyoin Imperial line.
- この時期には安倍兄雄(?-808、御主人の玄孫、平城天皇時代の参議)、安倍安仁(793-859、引田臣系傍流、仁明天皇時代の大納言・近衛大将)という二人の有力高官を出している。
- During these years, there were two influential high officers from the Abe clan: ABE no Anio (?-808), who was the great-great-grandson of Miushi and served as Sangi (councilor) for Emperor Heijo; and ABE no Yasuhito (793-859), who was a member of a branch family of HIKITA no omi and served as Dainagon (chief councilor of state) and Konoe no daisho (Major Captain of the Palace Guards) for Emperor Ninmyo.
- また宝治合戦で有力御家人の三浦氏を滅ぼし、摂家将軍で反得宗勢力の支持を集めていた5代将軍藤原頼嗣を廃立し、1252年、新たに宗尊親王を6代将軍に迎えた(宮将軍または皇族将軍)。
- At the Battle of Hoji, he destroyed the Miura clan (who were a powerful gokenin) and removed Yoritsugu FUJIWARA (the fifth shogun), who had gained support from the anti-Tokuso forces, from his position as sekke shogun; in 1252, he invited Imperial Prince Munetaka to become the sixth shogun (Munetaka held the title of miyashogun, which literally means 'shogun from the Imperial Court,' or kozoku shogun, which literally means 'shogun from the Imperial family').
- 道隆の死去とその嫡男藤原伊周の失脚により、藤原道長が最高権力者となると、定子は一条の第1皇子敦康親王の母でありながら、実家の没落により後ろ盾のない無力な皇后に転落してしまった。
- When FUJIWARA no Michinaga became a person in paramount authority after the death of Michitaka and the downfall of his legitimate son FUJIWARA no Korechika, Teishi became a powerless empress due to the downfall of her family home, even if she was the mother of Imperial Prince Atsuyasu, the first prince of Ichijo.
- その後、観応の擾乱が勃発すると直義方に属し、同じく奥州管領で尊氏方に与した畠山国氏 (奥州管領)を攻め滅ぼすが、その隙に勢力を伸張してきた南朝の北畠顕信に多賀城を攻め落とされる。
- Later, when the Kanno Disturbance broke out, Sadaie supported Tadayoshi side and conquered Oshu Kanrei (Shogunal deputy of the northern regions) Kuniuji HATAKEYAMA who took part in Takauji side, but Taga-jo Castle was attacked and defeated by Akinobu KITABATAKE of the Southern Court, who extended his power during the opportunity.
- 福知山市内からは古くは縄文時代初期のころのものが出土していることから、既にそれ以前にはこの地に人が住んでいたことや、多くの有力豪族がこの地一帯を統治していたことが考えられている。
- Since the oldest finds of the Jomon period were found in Fukuchiyama City, it is speculated that people already lived here and that many influential powerful families ruled the area.
- 弟である実仁親王・輔仁親王が有力な皇位継承候補として存在している中、我が子である善仁親王に皇位を譲ることでこれら弟の皇位継承(およびそれを支持する貴族)を断念させる意図があった。
- Although his younger brothers, Imperial Prince Sanehito and Imperial Prince Sukehito, were strong candidates for the Imperial succession, he passed the throne to his son Imperial Prince Taruhito, so that his younger brothers (and the nobles supporting them) would give up their hopes for the throne.
- ルイス・フロイスの『日本史』には「裏切りや密会を好む」「刑を科するに残酷」「忍耐力に富む」「計略と策略の達人」「築城技術に長ける」「戦いに熟練の士を使いこなす」等の光秀評がある。
- In 'Historia de Iapan' by Luis Frois, we can find many comments on Mitsuhide, such as 'He likes treachery and clandestine meeting.,' 'He is cruel in imposing a punishment.,' 'He is patient.,' 'He is a master with trick and stratagem.,' 'He is good at building castles.,' and 'He knows how to use skilled samurai.'
- これ以降、力を失った本願寺に代わって織田氏に服属しようとする鈴木氏と、それに反対する反織田派との間で争いが起こり、鈴木孫一は1582年に土橋氏の当主を殺害、雑賀衆の主導権を握った。
- Then, within Saigato, a confrontation arose between the group that insisted the submission to the Oda clan, instead of supporting Hongan-ji Temple which had lost its influence, and the anti-Oda group who was opposed to it, then Magoichi SUZUKI killed the head of the Tsuchihashi clan in 1582, the Suzuki clan gripped the leadership of Saigashu.
- それでも明智軍側の指揮系統能力の高さが発揮され、戦死者数では勝利した羽柴軍の犠牲の方が多かったとされている(羽柴軍の戦死者・3300余、明智軍の戦死者・3000余と言われている)。
- Yet, the Akechi camp well demonstrated the high capacity of its chain of command, and the number of war deaths is said to have been greater in the winning Hashiba camp (more than 3,300 on the Hashiba side against somewhat over 3,000 on the Akechi side).
- 井上内親王の光仁天皇呪詛事件は、山部親王の立太子をもくろむ藤原良継や藤原百川ら藤原式家一派の陰謀だと(あるいは彼らの政治的圧力によって内親王が追い詰められた結果とも)いう説がある。
- There is a theory which states that the incident of Imperial Princess Inoe's curse on Emperor Konin was a plot of the Ceremonial House of the Fujiwara clan, such as FUJIWARA no Yoshitsugu and FUJIWARA no Momokawa, who attempted to install Imperial Prince Yamanobe as the Crown Prince (or that the Imperial Princess was brought to bay by their political power).
- 証如の子、第11代顕如のとき、事実上、自立した大名権力となっていた本願寺教団は、畿内に進出し、宗教勢力から領主権力を奪って統一支配を確立しようとする織田信長と対立することとなった。
- At the period of the eleventh generation, Kennyo, who was a child of Shonyo, the Honganji Buddhist sect that became a virtually independent feudal lordship, expanded its influence into Kinai, which led to the confrontation with Nobunaga ODA, who tried to establish unified control by seizing seigniory from the religious power.
- しかし、下国家はなおもかつての勢力圏の支配の意欲を捨てておらず、東海将軍を称して内外に出羽、陸奥北部から蝦夷にかけての支配圏を誇示しようとした(これには否定的見解も出されている。)。
- However, Shimonokuni family still did not give up the attempt to continue controlling where was once its sphere of influence, and tried to display the controlling range from the northern Mutsu Province to Ezo, by proclaiming itself Tokai Shogun (general of Tokai) within and outside the territory (About this, there are some contradictions).
- 更に大友宗麟はイエズス会と信長とを繋ぐ舞台廻しであったとされ、イエズス会の最終目的は明の武力征服であり、結局の所、変は信長から秀吉に首をすげかえる為のものに過ぎなかった、としている。
- It is told that Sorin OTOMO was the mediator between the Society of Jesus and Nobunaga and the final purpose of the Society of Jesus was to conquer Ming by force and, in short, the purpose of the Honnoji Incident was just to switch from Nobunaga to Hideyoshi.
- 1391年(明徳2年/元中8年)の明徳の乱で有力守護大名の山名氏を弱体化させ、武家勢力を統率した義満は、和泉国・紀伊国の守護で南朝と領地を接する大内義弘の仲介で本格的交渉を開始した。
- In 1391, at Meitoku War, Yoshimitsu weakened the Shugo daimyo (military governor turned daimyo), the Yamana clan and took complete control of the Samurai forces, and then started serious negotiation with the help of Yoshihiro OUCHI, who was military officer of Izumi Province, Kii Province and who had private estate next to the Southern Court.
- しかし、その発言力の増大が幕府側の疑心を招き、日野義資が義教により暗殺されて一時没落しかけるが、日野富子は8代将軍足利義政に嫁ぐと、富子の兄の日野勝光も再び政治的影響力を持っていた。
- However, the increase in the House of Hino's influence caused suspicion on the shogunate side, whereby the assassination of Yoshisuke HINO by Yoshinori led to the temporary ruin of the Hino Family, but once Tomiko Hino got married to the eighth shogun Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, Katsumitsu HINO, Tomiko's elder brother, regained his political influence.
- 岩倉は政治的には伊藤博文と協力関係にあったが、伊藤や木戸孝允が構想した将来の上院形成のための華族増員(具体的には維新の功労者を華族を加える)と華族の政治参加には強い拒否反応を示した。
- Although Iwakura politically cooperated with Hirobumi ITO, he strongly rejected Ito and Takayoshi KIDO's ideas on kazoku, such as increasing the members of the kazoku class (specifically, by giving the title to persons who had contributed to the Meiji Restoration) to form an upper chamber in the future and allowing more kazoku's participation in politics.
- だが、朝倉氏の煮え切らない戦略姿勢が信長の息の根を止めなかったために、西上作戦を発動させた武田信玄の病没で最大の好機を逸してしまうと、浅井氏などの反攻勢力は織田軍の大反攻に晒される。
- However, the Asakura clan's indecisive strategy failed to eliminate Nobunaga, and after they lost the greatest opportunity due to the death by disease of Shingen TAKEDA, who had launched the Westing Operation against Nobunaga, the resistance forces, including the Azai clan, were exposed to the Oda army's large-scale counterattack.
- 当時勢力を拡大していた蘇我氏にとって、蘇我稲目の孫にあたる炊屋姫から生まれた竹田皇子が即位すると蘇我氏の権勢を増大させるのに有利に運ぶ事から早くから皇位継承の有力候補と目されていた。
- Since the enthronement of Takeda no miko, the son of Kashiyaki hime, a granddaughter of SOGA no Iname, benefited the Soga clan who was expanding its influence at the time to grow even bigger, the prince had been considered as a prominent candidate from his early stage.
- 両藩への同情や日和見的に雰囲気から参加した藩だけでなく、大藩の圧力や旧幕府軍の恫喝を受けて参加した藩もあり、結束が固いとは言い難く、戦況が劣勢になるにつれ次々と同盟から脱落していった。
- Because some domains joined the alliance out of sympathy or for opportunity, and others joined it because of pressure from large domains or from coercion by the former Shogunate forces, they were not closely united; accordingly, one domain after another defected from the alliance as the situation worsened.
- 歴史学者の間で最も有力なものは1951年に岩橋小弥太が論文「天智天皇の立て給ひし常の典」で提唱した直系皇位継承法説で、兄弟継承を排して天皇の子への皇位継承を定めた法だとするものである。
- The most widely-accepted theory is the direct line imperial succession code theory that Koyata IWASAKI presented in 1951 in his article 'The permanent code established by his majesty Emperor Tenchi,' in which he argues that this is the law that determinates the imperial succession rule, eliminating collateral successions between brothers.
- しかし、後に臣従して「日本国王良懐」(『太祖実録』の記述による)として冊封を受け、中央では既に南朝勢力は衰微していたものの、懐良親王は明の権威と勢力を背景に独自に九州に南朝勢力を築く。
- However, later on, Kanenaga followed SHU, and he was granted the title of 'King of Japan Kanenaga' (based on the record of 'Taiso Jitsuroku' - the history of the founder) under sakuho (homage by Chinese emperors), and with the help of Ming's authority and power, Imperial Prince Kanenaga built the Southern Court force in Kyushu, even though the Southern Court forces had waned in the center of the politics.
- 1578年(天正6年)、美作国の国人領主・草刈氏が因幡国智頭郡に淀山城を構え、勢力を伸ばすと、山名氏はこれを討伐するため、同国佐貫の大義寺に陣を敷き、武田高信に軍議に応ぜよと招聘した。
- In 1578 when the Kusakari clan, a local lord of Mimasaka Province, constructed Yodoyama-jo Castle in Chizu County, Inaba Province, the Yamana clan pitched its camp at Daigi-ji Temple in Sanuki, Inaba Province in order to subjugate it and invited Takanobu TAKEDA to a war council.
- 西国大名を接待に動員することで大名の勢力削減をおこない、一方で幕府の権威を示し、かつ大坂・江戸間の行列を圧縮することにより幕府の経費を節減できるという一石三鳥の効果を狙ったものである。
- This plan was aimed at producing the following three effects at the same time: Reducing the power of the lords in the west part of Japan through mobilizing them to attend to Tsushinshi, exhibiting the prestige of the bakufu, and reducing the cost burdened by the bakufu through canceling the procession between Osaka and Edo.
- 文明_(日本)15年(1483年)頃には備前国西部に確固とした力を築いていたためか、守護の赤松氏から警戒され、赤松政則の追討の命を受けた浦上則宗の一族の浦上則国に攻め込まれることとなる。
- Because of the Matsuda clan's having built the unchallenged power in the western Bizen Province in around 1483, the Akamatsu clan, the Shugo, was wary of them, and Norikuni URAGAMI, a family member of Norimune URAGAMI, who was ordered to hunt down and kill them by Masanori AKAMATSU, attacked them.
- その子貞義は元弘3年(1333年)、後醍醐天皇方の勢力討滅の命を帯びて上洛途上の足利尊氏が三河国に逗留した際、貞義は「天皇について鎌倉幕府打倒のために立ち上がるべきである」と強硬に進言。
- In 1333, Sadayoshi, child of Mitsuuji strongly proposed Takauji ASHIKAGA, who was sojourning in Mikawa Province on the way the Kyoto, on the mission destroying the power of the Emperor Godaigo's side, 'be the side of the Emperor, and stand up for defeating the Kamakura bakufu.'
- 崇徳天皇の死後すぐに武士である平氏が権力を振るうがその間に大火事が起こり、末期には叛乱が相次ぎ(下記の諡号制定はこの時期であり、既に怨霊と深く認識されていた)、更には養和の飢饉が起こる。
- After Emperor Sutoku died, the samurai Taira clan took control of politics; however, a disastrous fire occurred and there were many wars at the end of their reign (just as there were in the following period, which was rumored as being due to Emperor Sutoku's curse), as well as the Yowa dearth.
- 2代野宮定縁・3代野宮定基は中院家からの養子で、定縁は熊沢蕃山に和漢の学を学び、定基は有職四天王(滋野井公澄・平松時方・東園基量・野宮定基)の一人として名高く、賀茂祭の復興にも尽力した。
- The second head of the family, Sadayori NONOMIYA, an adopted son from the Nakanoin family, learned Japanese and Chinese culture from Banzan KUMAZAWA, and the third head of the family, Sadamoto NONOMIYA, also an adopted son from the Nakanoin family, was well known as one of the Yusoku-shitenno (the four specialists of the ancient practices) (Kinzumi SHIGENOI, Tokikata HIRAMATSU, Motokazu HIGASHIZONO and Sadamoto NONOMIYA) and a sponsor to restore the Kamo Festival.
- 南北朝時代には足利方に従い、時親の曾孫にあたる毛利元春は、足利幕府(室町幕府)が九州の南朝勢力であった懐良親王の征西府を討伐するために派遣した今川貞世(了俊)の指揮下に入り活躍している。
- Motoharu MORI, a great-grandson of Tokichika, supported the Ashikaga side during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, and played an active role under the commander Sadayo (Ryoshun) IMAGAWA, when the Ashikaga bakufu (Muromachi bakufu) dispatched Sadayo for the subjugation of Seiseifu fortress in Kyshu, which was under the power of Southern Court governed by the Imperial Prince Kanenaga.
- 軍事面や築城に優れ、1560年には陪臣の身でありながら主家同様に室町幕府の御相伴衆にまで列せられているのを見てもわかるように、松永氏は久秀の優秀な能力において成長を遂げていったのである。
- Hisahide excelled at military strategy and fortification, and, as is apparent from the fact that in 1560, although he was still a vavasor, he (including his master's house) was appointed as a shobanshu (an official who accompanies the shogun) of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun); thus the Matsunaga clan had come a long way, thanks to Hisahide's excellent abilities.
- さらには毛利元就と手を結び、一時は山名氏を戦国大名として再興させたが、織田信長の勢力が伸張してくると、天正8年(1580年)、信長の重臣・羽柴秀吉(豊臣秀吉)の軍勢に取り囲まれて死去した。
- Furthermore, Suketoyo banded with Motonari MORI and restored the Mori clan's position as daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) in the Sengoku period; however, as the power of Nobunaga ODA extended, Suetoyo died during the war, being surrounded by the army of the senior vassal Hideyoshi HASHIBA (later, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI).
- 用語としては鎌倉時代から南北朝時代 (日本)より見られ、鎌倉時代後期から出現した自らの既得権益を守るために権力と戦う悪党や、南北朝時代の社会的風潮であった「ばさら」も下剋上の一種とされた。
- As a term, gekokujo was in use from the Kamakura period through to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan); examples of gekokujo include the scoundrels that started to appear near the end of the Kamakura period who fought against the authorities in order to protect their own vested interests, as well as the anti-authoritarian social movement known as 'basara' ('vajra' in Sanskrit) that occurred during the Nanbokucho period.
- 明徳4年(1393年)に後円融上皇が死去すると、義満はさらに朝廷への影響を強め、事実上の上皇として、後世「義満の院政」などと呼ばれる権力を振るい、後小松はその下でまったくの傀儡に甘んじた。
- Following the death of the Retired Emperor Goenyu in 1393, Yoshimitsu had even stronger power to influence the Imperial Palace and took control of the politics as an actual retired emperor; in later years it was called 'Yoshimitsu's cloister government,' while Emperor Gokomatsu acted as the tool of another person.
- まず、父であり治天でもある後宇多天皇の院政を停止し自ら政務に当たる親政を始め、また、2度にわたって倒幕を企てたが、いずれも天皇位への権力集中(権力の一元化)を指向したものだと見られている。
- First of all, he stopped his father, Emperor Uda's cloistered government and started to rule the government directly by himself, he tried to overthrow the bakufu twice although he failed, it was presumed that these attempts were both aimed at having concentrated political power (unification of authority).
- 同じく閑院流阿野実顕の子、姉小路公景が慶長18年(1613年)に新たな姉小路家を起こす(ちなみに阿野家も1.の姉小路家共々南朝方について一度は没落したが、後に勢力を回復させた家系である)。
- Kinkage ANEGAKOJI, the son of Saneaki ANO of the Kanin line established a new Anegakoji family in 1613 (note that the Ano family was ruined like the Anegakoji family (1) after supporting the southern dynasty, but subsequently managed to recover power).
- この竹原小早川家は小早川氏の分家筋にあたるが、元弘の乱以降、足利高氏の下で戦い、室町幕府成立に貢献したこともあり、徐々に勢力を拡大し、室町時代中期には本家・沼田小早川家と拮抗するまでに至る。
- This Takehara-Kobayakawa clan was a branch of the Kobayakawa clan but since the Genko War, they fought under Takauji ASHIKAGA and contributed to the establishment of the Muromachi Bakufu (Shogunate); they gradually increased their power and by the mid-Muromachi period, they were competing against the Nuta-Kobayakawa clan, the head family.
- 2009年(平成21年)3月、日本を訪れる外国人観光客向けに、ミシュランガイド観光ガイド (MICHELIN Green Guide Japon) が国際観光振興機構の協力を得て発刊された。
- In March 2009, Michelin's sightseeing guidebook (MICHELIN Green Guide Japon) for foreign sightseers was published with cooperation by Japan National Tourism Organization.
- だがこうした配慮にもかかわらず、あるいはその有能さゆえか、嵯峨天皇が宮廷内の権力を固めてゆく中で嫡流の地位を失ったとは言え、桓武天皇の嫡系の孫である阿保親王の動向は注目の対象であったらしい。
- Despite such a consideration, or because of Imperial Prince Abo's talent who was Emperor Kanmu's grandchild, he was the center of attention from others although he was not in the direct line of descendants, while Emperor Saga gradually establish his political base inside the Imperial Palace.
- 嘉吉の乱鎮圧に功労のあった宗全は主謀者赤松氏の再興に反対していたが、1458年、娘婿の勝元が宗全の勢力削減を図って赤松政則を加賀国守護職に取立てたことから両者は激しく対立するようになっていた。
- While Sozen, having contributed to the pacification of Kakitsu Incident, was against the reinstatement of the Akamatsu family who had masterminded the incident, he and his son-in-law Katsumoto came to an outright confrontation as Katsumoto appointed Masanori AKAMATSU shugo of Kaga Province in 1458 with a view to weakening Sozen's influence.
- 大江山の位置する丹後地方は古くから大陸との交流が深く、渡来人は高度な金属精錬技術により大江山で金工に従事、多くの富を蓄積していた、これに目を付けた都の勢力は兵を派遣、富を収奪し支配下に置いた。
- The Tango region where the mountain range is located had close contacts with the Asian continent from ancient times, and immigrants were engaged in metal work; with their advanced technique in metal refining, and having accumulated a large fortune, those who recognized this in the capital sent an army to pillage the wealth, and rule the region.
- これは梅雨前線がおもに本州上に停滞することや、梅雨の終わりには前線の勢力が衰え、北上する速度が非常に速くなっていることから、北海道で梅雨によると思われる降水が観測されないことが多いからである。
- This is partly because the baiu front becomes stationary mainly on Honshu and also because precipitation because of baiu is seldom observed in Hokkaido since the strength of the front is lost in the end phase of baiu and the speed of moving up to the north is high.
- シカゴ大学名誉教授で宗教史学者のジョゼフ・キタガワは、シャーマン的能力の持ち主で、血縁の男性を介して長期間の統治を行った受動的な女性最高権者である点が、邪馬台国の卑弥呼に似ていると述べている。
- Joseph M. Kitagawa, a professor emeritus and a historian of religion at University of Chicago, describes that she resembles Himiko of Yamatai-Koku Kingdom in that she had a shamanistic ability and was the highest authority holder who was passive and female, and governed the country for a long time through a consanguine man.
- 生後10ヶ月足らずで立太子したのは、摂政であった外祖父伊尹の外祖父によるものだが、17歳で即位時には既に伊尹は亡くなっており、有力な外戚を持たなかった事は、2年足らずの在位という後果を招いた。
- He was enthroned after ten months he was born due to his maternal grandfather, Koremasa's political influence; however, when he succeeded to the throne at seventeen, Koremasa had already passed away and he did not have any powerful maternal relative, so his reign only lasted a little more than two years.
- 君主を含む権力者が、世襲その他のあらかじめ決められている地位継承の規定や慣例によらず、有能であるなどの理由で、その地位にふさわしいと考える者に自分の地位を譲ることは、譲位ではなく、禅譲と言う。
- The transfer of a position from a powerful person, including a monarch, to another person who he considers is appropriate for the position because he is capable, regardless of heredity or predetermined regulations or customs of succession of a position, is not an abdication of the throne, but jozen (peaceful transfer of power).
- もともとは、ヤマト王権の時代に有力豪族の子弟をさして広く「みこ」と称されており、しかし、次第に大王 (ヤマト王権)の子弟を指すようになるにつれ、大王の女子を「ひめみこ」と呼称するようになった。
- Originally, the children of Gozoku (local ruling family) were widely called 'Miko' in the period of Yamato sovereignty, and while the naming came to refer to the children of Okimi (great king of Yamato sovereignty), the daughters of Okimi came to be called 'Himemiko.'
- その後正成の子の楠木正行、楠木正時や、正成の弟の楠木正季などは北朝 (日本)の足利尊氏との戦いで戦死し、生き残った正成の子の楠木正儀は南朝零落後にも有力武将として活躍し、北朝との和睦を仲介する。
- After that, Masashige's sons, Masatsura KUSUNOKI and Masatoki KUSUNOKI, and younger brother, Masasue KUSUNOKI, died in battle with Takauji ASHIKAGA of the Northern court; however, another son of Masashige, Masanori KUSUNOKI, survived even after the Southern Court's fall into straitened circumstances and served actively as a powerful military commander and served as a mediator of the reconciliation with the Northern Court.
- 近年では『吾妻鏡』によると、元は関東にいた御家人で、玉井氏・忍氏・岡部氏・滝瀬氏ら武蔵七党の横山党や猪俣党と並ぶ家柄であり、もともとは利根川流域に基盤をもつ東国武士の有力集団の一派だったという。
- Recently, it has been noted that the record on 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East) states that originally they were one of the powerful samurai groups in the eastern part of Japan, Togoku Samurai, who were based in the area of Tonegawa River and also gokenin (an immediate vasal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods)who belonged to an upper class like Tamai clan, Okabe clan, Nin clan and Takise clan from the Musashi-shichito Parties such as Yokoyama Party or Inomata Party (seven parties of samurai in Musashi Province).
- 義詮は諸守護を動員し、美濃の土岐氏、四国の細川氏、播磨の赤松氏、近江の佐々木氏らの勢力を集め、直義派であった山名氏や斯波氏らの協力も得て、3月に京都を奪還、尊氏も新田勢を追い鎌倉を奪還している。
- Yoshiakira used the various shugo and gathered forces such as the Toki clan in Mino, Hosokawa clan in Shikoku, Akamatsu clan in Harima, Sasaki clan in Omi and with the cooperation of the Tadayoshi group Yamana clan and Shiba clan, they regained Kyoto in March and Takauji chased away the Nitta forces to regain Kamakura.
- しかし、宮廷の対立が戦闘によって解決したこと、とりわけ京都市街を戦場とし、数百年ぶりに死刑が執行されたことは、当時の人々に大きな衝撃を与え、貴族から庶民まで武士の力を強く印象づけることとなった。
- People at that time, however, were surprised by the fact that the internal conflict of the Imperial Court was resolved militarily, particularly in a battle in the urban area of Kyoto, and the death penalty was imposed for the first time in hundreds of years; commoners as well as nobles were left with a strong impression of samurai power.
- しかし承久の乱以後、実際の皇位継承に関しては鎌倉幕府の承認が必要な慣例となっており、仁治3年(1242年)四条天皇の崩御に際し、幕府は有力候補であった岩倉宮忠成王の即位を覆し後嵯峨を即位させた。
- After the Jokyu War, however, approval of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was required for the effective succession of the imperial throne; in fact, because of the demise of Emperor Shijo in 1242, the Kamakura bakufu rejected Prince Iwakuranomiya Tadanari, a promising successor, and instead made Gosaga take over the imperial throne.
- 斉明天皇の崩御後も即位を先延ばしにしたが、この間は日本書紀や万葉集によると「中皇命(なかつすめらみこと)」と呼ばれた人物がいたらしく、これは間人皇女(孝徳天皇の皇后)のこととする説が有力である。
- Even after Emperor Saimei died, Prince Naka no Oe did not succeed to the throne, according to 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) or 'The Anthology of Myriad [Ten Thousand] Leaves,' it is said there was a person called 'Nakatsusumera-mikoto' during this period, there was a strong theory that she was said to be Princess Hashihito (Emperor Kotoku's Empress).
- 観応2年/正平6年(1351年)10月、尊氏を中心とする幕府勢力は足利直義との対抗上の必要から南朝と講和し、その結果、光厳院政及び光厳の子崇光天皇の皇位がともに廃されることとなった(正平一統)。
- In October 1351, Bakufu forces, mainly dominated by Takauji, concluded peace with the Southern Court, in need for competition against Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA, resulting in the abolishment of the cloistered government by Kogon and the throne of Emperor Suko, the child of Kogon (Shohei Itto).
- だが、その後も天皇と良房の暗闘は続き、良房の圧力の前に在位中には内裏の外れにある東宮や嵯峨上皇の離宮だった冷然院などに居住して、遂に一度も内裏正殿を居住の間として生活を送ることはなかったという。
- However, the darkness between Emperor Montoku and Yoshifusa continued, and it is said while Emperor Montoku was in power he moved to the togu (a palace for a crown prince) located at the end of the palace, or Reizen-in where the Retired Emperor Saga's palace was located far from the palace; he never lived or spent time in the main building of the palace because Yoshifusa had put political pressure on him.
- 特に仲麻呂は淳仁天皇を擁立すると、息子3人(藤原真先・藤原訓儒麻呂・藤原朝狩)を参議とし前代未聞の親子4人を公卿とするなど権力を独占したが、天平宝字8年(764年)藤原仲麻呂の乱により失脚した。
- Nakamaro, in particular, backed Emperor Junnin and made his three sons (FUJIWARA no Masaki, FUJIWARA no Kusumaro and FUJIWARA no Asakari) sangi (councilors of state), whereby four people of Nakamaro and his sons became nobles and seized the dominant power; however, they fell from power as a result of FUJIWARA no Nakamaro's war in 764.
- 始期は織田信長が足利義昭を奉じて京都に上洛した永禄11年(1568年)が有力であるが、義昭が京都から放逐された元亀4年(1573年)、安土城の築城が始まった天正4年(1576年)とする考えもある。
- As for the start, a strong view is that the period started in 1568 when Nobunaga ODA obeyed Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA and arrived in Kyoto, but others assert that it was in 1573, when Yoshiaki was banished from Kyoto, or 1576, when the construction of Azuchi-jo Castle started.
- これらの奇行と当時の摂政だった藤原実頼と外戚関係を持たず、逆に有力な跡継ぎとされていた為平親王が伯父の源高明を舅とし、藤原氏を刺激した(安和の変の伏線となる)事等が僅か2年で退位する原因となった。
- In addition to the above strange behavior, Emperor Reizei had no maternal relationship with the regent, FUJIWARA no Saneyori, and Imperial Prince Tamehira, who was considered to be a powerful successor to the throne, had MINAMOTO no Takaakira as father-in-law; this inflamed the FUJIWARA clan (and became a foreshadowing of the Anna Incident), and consequently Emperor Reizei abdicated within just two years after his enthronement.
- しかし、11世紀後期に登場した後三条天皇は、延久の荘園整理令を発令して、当時増加していた有力貴族・寺社の無認可荘園を取り締まったが、法定要件を満たさない荘園は勅旨田とされ、天皇の支配下に置かれた。
- However, Emperor Gosanjo enthroned in the latter half of eleventh century announced a Decree Restricting the Expansion of Private Estates in Enkyu to clamp down on unauthorized estates of powerful peerage, and shrines and temples; the estate that didn't fulfill legal requirements was regarded as Chokushiden and placed under the control of the Emperor.
- 江戸時代、当時の摂家最大の実力者とされていた近衛基熙が本来は摂関家全てに即位灌頂の礼式が伝わっている事、先代当主の二条光平の早世で礼式が絶えたことを理由に二条家の独占を継続すべきではないと唱えた。
- During the Edo period, Motohiro KONOE, who was at the time considered to be the most powerful among the sekke families, argued that the Nijo Family should not continue the dominant position in the accession to the throne out of the following two reasons: one being that the code of etiquette for accession should originally come down to all the sekke families, and the other being that the previous family head, Mitsuhira NIJO, had died young, and therefore the code of etiquette had terminated.
- また、それまでの権力闘争の結果、兄弟もなく、父聖武天皇にも兄弟がなく、他に適当な天武天皇の子孫たる親王、王が無かったため、藤原永手や藤原百川の推挙によって天智天皇系の白壁王(光仁天皇)が即位した。
- Since neither she nor her father Emperor Shomu had brothers, who had all died in power struggles, and there was no Imperial Prince, Prince or other descendants of Emperor Tenmu, who would have been adequate to accede to the throne, Shirakabe no okimi (Prince Shirakabe) (Emperor Konin), from the line of Emperor Tenchi, was enthroned with the recommendation from FUJIWARA no Nagate and FUJIWARA no Momokawa.
- しかし、その跡継ぎ聖武天皇には安積親王薨去後はついに男子の跡継ぎが生まれず、一族藤原氏と他氏貴族との権力闘争などもあいまって、崩御後20年も経たないうちに天武皇統は事実上断絶してしまう事となった。
- Her son, the Emperor Shomu, however, failed to produce single male heir after the Prince Asaka died, which, coupled with power struggle between the Fujiwara family and other noble families, practically led to the extinction of the lineage of the Emperor Tenmu, less than 20 years from the emperor's demise.
- ただし、外交において有事が発生した際、その権力者たちも朝廷に相談を持ちかけているため、幕府などの武家政権が内外とも全面的に統治権を行使する認識があったかどうかは考慮が必要である(元寇や黒船来航等)。
- However, whether the samurai governments like the bakufu recognized their right to be used fully in domestic affairs and in diplomatic affairs must be considered, because those men in power consulted the Imperial Court in diplomatic emergencies (the Mongolian Invasions, the Western ship coming to Japan at the end of the Edo period, etc).
- その神祇伯の重要性と、源氏という最も高貴な血筋、及び顕広王の室で仲資王の母が大中臣氏である上に、顕康王が有力な村上源氏の源顕房の猶子となっているという、多くの要素により、王氏復帰が成立したのである。
- The Akihiro-o's return to the O clan was attributed to various factors: in addition to the above mentioned importance of Jingi haku and the paramount nobility of the lineage of the Minamoto clan, the Akihiro-o's wife, who was also the mother of Nakasuke-o, had come from the Onakatomi clan, and his father Akiyasu-o was an adopted child of MINAMOTO no Akifusa, who belonged to the influential Murakami-Genji (Minamoto clan).
- 引き続き権力を握った仲麻呂(恵美押勝に改名)は唐で安史の乱が発生したことを機に、淳仁天皇の名において隣国新羅の討伐を目論み、国内制度も日本的なものから唐のものへ名称を変更するなどの政策を推し進めた。
- Inspired by the Anshi War in Tang Dynasty, Nakamaro, (now EMI no Oshikatsu) who continued in power, planned to attack neighboring Shiragi (ancient Korean kingdom) and forged ahead with such policies as to change the names of domestic systems from Japanese style to Chinese style.
- 本願寺は依然として雑賀衆などの支援を集めつつ強勢を保ったが、次第に敵中に孤立していき、1580年、ついに正親町天皇の勅命を引き出した信長に屈して石山本願寺を退去し、領主権力としての本願寺は消滅した。
- Hongan-ji Temple retained its predominance by gaining support from Saikashu, but gradually it was isolated in the midst of enemies, ultimately succumbing to Nobunaga, who withdrew imperial command from the Emperor Ogimachi and left Ishiyama Honganji Temple in 1580, whereby Hongan-ji Temple as seigniory was extinguished.
- もともと公家の日野有範の子息である親鸞と、日野広綱(覚如の父)の血統を引く東西両大谷家当主は、代々有力公家の猶子になる慣習があり、また、代々公家と通婚を続けており母系によっても公家化が進んでいった。
- There was a custom developed over generations that both the eastern and western family heads of the Otani Family's having lineage from Shinran, who was a son of the court noble Arinori HINO, and Hirotsuna HINO (Kakunyo's father) were adopted by influential court nobles; consequently, both the Otani families have increasingly been related to court nobles considering the maternal line, since they kept marriages with court nobles over generations.
- また、京都扶持衆として直接将軍と結び付き、1438年の永享の乱では幕府より鎌倉公方の討伐命令をくだされているなど、南北朝時代に南朝方であった伊達氏は幕府との接近によって、その地位と勢力を高めていった。
- After becoming a direct retainer of shogun as Kyoto fuchishu, the Date clan enhanced its social status and power by establishing a closer relationship with bakufu, as exemplified in the order from bakufu in the Eikyo War of 1438 to subjugate the Kamakura kubo which the Date clan had supported in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
- 薩摩国の大名(鎌倉時代は守護、室町時代は守護大名、戦国時代は戦国大名、江戸時代は薩摩藩主)島津氏も元来は惟宗氏の出で、島津家の祖・島津忠久は惟宗広言とされてきた(近年では惟宗忠康の子という説が有力)。
- The Shimazu clan, a daimyo (feudal lord) (which were called Shugo (provincial constable) in the Kamakura period, Shugo daimyo (Shugo that became daimyo) in the Muromachi period, Sengoku daimyo (daimyo in the Sengoku period) in the Sengoku period, and the lord of Satsuma domain in the Edo period) in Satsuma Province, was also originally from Koremune clan, and Tadahisa SHIMAZU, the founder of Shimazu family, was referred to as KOREMUNE no Hirokoto (the recent widely-accepted theory is that Tadahisa SHIMAZU was a child of KOREMUNE no Tadayasu).
- もっとも、識仁親王の早期即位を望む後水尾法皇と有力外様大名(仙台藩)の従兄弟という天皇の血筋を嫌った江戸幕府双方の意向の一致が天皇の早期退位を志向し、それが「天皇不徳説」の根底にあったとの見方もある。
- There is another theory that the Emperor was said to be immoral, given the fact that Cloistered Emperor Gomizunoo wanted Imperial Prince Satohito's early enthronement and because the Edo government didn't approve of the Emperor Gosai's family line being the cousin to a strong outside daimyo (the Sendai clan), whereupon both parties caused the Emperor's early abdication to take place.
- (『今鏡』) その後も関白らに冷遇され続けながらも、後冷泉天皇が嗣子なくして崩御したため晴れて後三条天皇が即位、禎子内親王も今や国母陽明門院として、かつての上東門院彰子にも劣らぬ影響力を持つに至った。
- ('Imakagami') (The Mirror of the Present) Although the Princess was treated coldly by the Chancellor after that, because Emperor Goreizei died without having any successor to the throne, Emperor Gosanjo was enthroned after him, the Princess Teishi became Kokumo (Empress), Yomeimonin, and then she had strong political influence which was a much stronger power than she had when she was Jotomonin Shoshi.
- しかしながら、平城天皇朝以降、大同2年(807年)の伊予親王事件にて南家、弘仁元年(810年)の薬子の変にて式家の勢力が衰えると、嵯峨天皇の信任を得た藤原冬嗣が急速に台頭し他家を圧倒するようになった。
- However, since the era of Emperor Heijo, FUJIWARA no Fuyutsugu (who had won the confidence of Emperor Saga) had rapidly gained power and started to overwhelm other families when the Southern House lost its power after the Iyo Shinno no Hen (Conspiracy of Imperial Prince Iyo) of 807, and the Ceremonial House lost its power after the Kusuko no Hen Conspiracy of 810.
- 使いを遣わして貢物を献じた目的として、中国大陸の文明・文化を摂取すると共に、南朝の威光を借りることによって、当時の日本列島中西部の他の諸勢力、朝鮮半島諸国との政治外交を進めるものがあったと考えられる。
- The purpose of dispatching envoys and presenting tribute seems to have been to develop a political diplomacy with the other powers in the mid-western part of Japanese archipelago and Korean peninsula with the help of the prestige of the Southern Dynasty, as well as absorbing the civilization and caulture of the Chinese continent.
- 鎌倉時代後期には、8代新田義貞が後醍醐天皇の倒幕運動に従い挙兵、源義国流の同族にして北条氏と重代の姻戚の最有力御家人足利尊氏(後の尊氏)の嫡男千寿王(後の足利義詮)を加えて鎌倉を攻め、幕府を滅亡させる。
- In the late Kamakura period, the eighth family head, Yoshisada NITTA, following the movement to overthrow the bakufu by the Emperor Godaigo, raised an army and attacked Kamakura, while adding Senjuo (later Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA), the legitimate son of Takauji ASHIKAGA who was the most dominant gokenin coming from the same family descended from Yoshikuni with a matrimonial relation with the Hojo clan for generations, and overthrew the bakufu.
- 現代日本政治の「院政」は、名目上実権を持たない地位に就いて実質的な権力を行使することにより、権力行使に伴う法的・道義的責任を回避することを主目的とする意味で使われており、歴史上の院政とは本質的に異なる。
- In modern Japan, 'insei' is used to mean the subject person assumes a position that nominally does not have actual power, primarily for the purpose of exercising virtual power, thereby avoiding legal/moral responsibilities accompanying the exercise of power; it differs in essence from insei in its historical connotation.
- 江戸時代の頼山陽の『日本外史』では、亀山城出陣の際に「信長の閲兵を受けるのだ」として桂川渡河後に信長襲撃の意図を全軍に明らかにしたとあるが、実際には、ごく一部の重臣しか知らなかったとの見解が有力である。
- According to 'Nihon Gaishi' (historical book on Japan) written by Sanyo RAI during the Edo period, it was written that 'We will be reviewed by Nobunaga.' when they departed Kameyama-jo Castle with the intention to attack Nobunaga made clear to all the troops only after they crossed the Katsura-gawa River, but it is a widely-accepted view that, in reality, only a limited number of key vassals were informed of the real intention.
- 光秀の敗因は思った兵力が整わなかったため十分な迎撃体制をとることができなかったことや、山崎が京から西国へと出るために要所であり、明智軍はこの要所を防衛する形で戦わざるを得なかったからだとも言われている。
- Mitsuhide's defeat is attributed to his inability to sufficiently equip himself for engaging the enemy on account of an unexpectedly small size of the mobilized troops and the circumstances which obliged his troops in the form of defending Yamazaki which was a key transit point from Kyoto to western provinces.
- 後三条の子息の白河天皇は、子息堀河天皇・孫鳥羽天皇がいずれも幼少で即位し、父・祖父として後見役となる必要があったことから、次第に権力を掌握するようになり、最終的には専制君主として朝廷に君臨するに至った。
- Emperor Shirakawa, who was the son of Gosanjo, needed to become a conservator for his son, Emperor Horikawa, and his grandson, Emperor Toba, since they both were enthroned in their childhood, gradually came into power, and finally, he came to reign over the Imperial Court as an absolute monarch.
- が、永禄11年(1568年)、宇喜多直家に主力の重臣である宇垣与右衛門を謀殺され、さらに直家の調略により虎倉城主の伊賀久隆に寝返られ、同年7月、宇喜多勢に金川城を攻撃され元輝は伊賀久隆の鉄砲隊により討死。
- In 1568, however, Yoemon UGAKI, his important senior vassal, was killed by Naoie UKITA, and Hisataka IGA, the lord of Kogura-jo Castle, went over to the other side by Naoie's plot, and in August in the same year, Kanagawa-jo Castle was attacked by the Ukita's forces, and Mototeru was killed by the firearms troop of Hisataka IGA.
- 改易の理由は、定次が酒色に溺れて政務を顧みなかったこと、キリシタンであったことなどのほかに、筒井氏のような外様大名を畿内に置いておくのは危険と考えた幕府の有力外様大名取り潰し政策の一環とも伝えられている。
- As for the reasons of his dismissal, it is said that he neglected the administrative affairs addicting himself to alcohol and women; he was a Christian; and it might have been a result of the Shogunate's policy to abolish powerful non-Tokugawa feudal lords, because the Tsutsui clan was one of such lords even ruling an important area of Kinai region (including five powerful provinces near to Kyoto).
- 近年の京都府出身の有力国会議員では、野中広務(旧園部町出身)や前原誠司(京都市出身)などがおり、党派では、野中は利益分配路線で「旧来の地域ボス型」、前原は新自由主義路線で「新来の若手ネオコン型」に当たる。
- Recently, Hiromu NONAKA (from former Sonobe-cho) and Seiji MAEHARA (from Kyoto City) are influential diet members from Kyoto Prefecture, politically with NONAKA being a politician of 'the conventional local boss type' using profits-distributing policies and MAEHARA being a politician of 'the new young neo-conservatism type' using policies based on neoliberalism.
- その後、鎌倉時代後期頃より再び妃が置かれるようになるが、この時期になると有力な外戚の存在が皇位継承を左右するようになっており、妃そのものの地位は皇后・中宮に次ぐ地位の妃という意味しか持たなくなっていった。
- After that, Hi was replaced in the late Kamakura period, but the powerful maternal relative influenced succession to the Imperial Throne and the status of Hi was the third rank after Empress and the second consort of an emperor.
- 室町時代になって、北朝_(日本)の貞治4年(1365年)に一条経通が没すると、一条家に次ぐ勢力であった九条経教は後光厳天皇に対して経通の息子である一条房経が不当に「家長者」を名乗っていると訴えたのである。
- When Tsunemichi ICHIJO died in 1365 (the Hokucho period), during the Muromachi era, Tsunenori KUJO--who had gained the second position of power after the Ichijo Family--made an appeal to the Emperor Gokogon that Fusatsune ICHIJO, a son of Tsunemichi, had fraudulently identified himself as the head of family.
- 用明天皇の崩御後押坂彦人大兄皇子と共に有力皇位継承権者であったと日本書紀等では記されているが、穴穂部皇子を推す勢力から敵視され、用明天皇2年(587年)にはその一派である中臣勝海に像を作り呪詛されている。
- Although Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan) reported that he was a leading successor to the imperial throne together with Oshisaka no Hikohito no Oenomiko after the death of the Emperor Yomei, a powerful party supporting the Prince Anahobe regarded him as hostile, and he was cursed by NAKATOMI no Katsumi, a member of the party by making a statue of him in 587.
- 関幸彦は、平氏や源氏、秀郷流藤原氏のような中央の貴族の末流の軍事貴族とは別にして、在地の土豪が中央の権力に従って軍事貴族したものも存在したであろうと指摘し、安倍氏もこの中に含まれるのではないかと論じている。
- Yukihiko SEKI has indicated that, apart from the military aristocracy who were descendants of the central nobles such as the Taira clan, the Minamoto clan, and the Fujiwara clan of the Hidesato line, there may also have been those who had changed into the military aristocracy from the local Dogo under the authority of the central government, and argued that the Abe clan may also have been one of this kind.
- 戦国時代 (日本)の皇室衰微期に多くの地下官人が没落し、織豊政権による平和回復によって地下官人の不足を補うために両局が替わりになる地下官人を取立て強力な支配関係を結び、場合によっては金銭的な動きも存在した。
- When the Imperial Court was losing authority during the Sengoku Period (Japan), a large number of the lower ranking officials lost jobs; when peace was restored under the control of Nobunaga ODA and then Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, the offices of 'kyokumu' and 'kanmu' recruited the lower ranking court officials due to shortages and formed a strong master-servant relationship with them even by using money in some cases.
- 応神天皇の崩御の後、最も有力と目されていた皇位継承者の菟道稚郎子(うじのわきいらつこ)皇子と互いに皇位を譲り合ったが、皇子の死(『日本書紀』は仁徳天皇に皇位を譲るために自殺したと伝える)により即位したという。
- After the demise of Emperor Ojin, he and Prince Iratsuko Ujinowaki, who was regarded as the most likely successor to the Imperial Throne, tried to give the throne over to each other but, because of death of the Prince (according to 'Nihonshoki,' the Prince killed himself in order to give the throne to Emperor Nintoku), he acceded to the throne.
- この地で見つけることができる菫青石という鉱物が熱水変質を起こし雲母化した天然記念物の鉱石桜石の霊力によって封じられた鬼の涙が湧いたものが湯の花温泉であり、桜石が転じて節分の豆撒きの風習となったという伝承がある。
- Yunohana-onsen is said to be a hot spring made from the tears of an Oni which were closed by a numen of Cherry Stone, natural treasure, which was transformed into mica due to hydrothermal alteration of mineral called cordierite which was found here, and it is said that the custom to throw beans during Setsubun (Bean Throwing Night) was developed from the Cherry Stone.
- 高倉天皇即位によって成立した後白河院政は、武門平氏・堂上平氏・院近臣という互いに利害を異にする各勢力の連合政権といえる形態をとっていたため、滋子の死により、今まで隠されていた対立が一気に表面化することになった。
- The conflict between Emperor Goshirakawa and the In Kinshin became apparent, all the sudden, after Shigeko died, since the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa's government was established after Emperor Takakura's succession to the throne, whose government consisted of an allied government made up of the Taira Samurai family, the Tosho House of the Taira clan, and the In Kinshin, and they all had the different political interests.
- このような特別な八角墳が大王にのみ採用されたのは、畿内を中心とした首長連合の盟主であった大王の地位を、一般の首長を超越して中国の天子のような唯一の最高権力者として地位を確立しようとして形に表したという解釈がある。
- Some people argue that these octagonal tumuli, which were built only for Great Kings, were built as symbols designed to establish the status of these kings, who led the union of chiefs in and around the Kinai region (region around Kyoto and Nara), as supreme rulers like Chinese emperors ranking far above other ordinary chiefs.
- だが、関ヶ原の合戦によって新たに権力の座を手に入れた徳川家康もまた皇位継承に介入し、良仁親王の出家(皇位継承からの排除)は認めるものの、これに替わる次期天皇として嫡出男子であった第3皇子の政仁親王の擁立を求めた。
- However, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, who had seized political power after the Battle of Sekigahara, got involved in the imperial succession, and although he accepted Imperial Prince Katahito's joining the priesthood (not being included in the imperial succession) he demanded that the third prince, Kotohito, be enthroned as the next Emperor, since he was the legitimate son.
- しかし、建保4年(1216年)に信清が薨去して以降、建保7年(1219年)には将軍源実朝が暗殺され、承久3年(1221年)の承久の変においては信清の子の坊門忠信は後鳥羽上皇ら討幕勢力に与したため流罪に処せられた。
- However, following Nobukiyo's death in 1216, the Shogun MINAMOTO no Sanetomo was assassinated in 1219, and in the Jokyu War of 1221, Nobukiyo's son Tadanobu BOMON sided with the Retired Emperor Gotoba and lent his military strength to the effort to strike down the shogunate, leading to his exile.
- 上記の挽歌、高市皇子の長男・長屋王の邸宅跡から発見された「長屋親王宮鮑大贄十編」の木簡、政治情勢、壬申の乱における功績、母の実家の勢力、莫大な資産などから彼が天皇であったという説もあるが、はっきりとはしていない。
- Due to the factors including the existence of the above Banka, Mokukan (narrow, long, and thin pieces of wood strung together that were used to write on in ancient times) of 'Palace of Prince Nagaya, offering ten pieces of abalone' which was found at the ancient site of the residence of Prince Nagaya, political situations, great achievements in the Jinshin War, the power of his mother's family and huge assets, some say he was Emperor, but not certain.
- なお、戦国時代には、出雲国神門郡一窪田・吉野や石見国安濃郡太田北郷等に所領を持ちつつ、国人佐波氏の有力家人となり、雲州商人司に任ぜられた石橋氏の一族と思しき石橋源左衛門尉や石橋新左衛門尉が「島根石橋家」に登場する。
- In the Sengoku Period (period of warring states), having the territories in Hitokubota and Yoshino, Kando County, Izumo Province as well as in Otakitago, Ano County, Iwami Province, Genzaemon no jo ISHIBASHI and Shinzaemon no jo ISHIBASHI, possibly of the Ishibashi clan, both of whom became the influential retainers of the Sawa clan, a local lord, and were appointed as head of merchants of Unshu (= Izumo County), emerged from the Shimane Ishibashi clan.
- また、守護大名による合議制の連合政権であった室町幕府は、3代将軍足利義満と6代将軍足利義教のときを除いて、成立当初から将軍の権力基盤は脆弱であり、同じように守護大名も台頭する守護代や有力家臣の強い影響を受けていた。
- Furthermore the Muromachi bakufu, which was a coalition government of shugo daimyos based on a consultative principle, had provided no solid basis for the Shogun's power since its very beginning except under the rule of the Third Shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA and the Sixth Shogun Yoshinori ASHIKAGA, and shugo daimyos were under the strong influences of emerging shugodais and their key vassals.
- 13世紀中期には、次代の治天の座を巡って後深草天皇の系統(持明院統)と亀山天皇の系統(大覚寺統)が対立したが、治天である後嵯峨天皇は亀山系による皇位継承を遺言して没し、後深草系はこれに反発して幕府に力添えを頼んだ。
- After middle of thirteenth century, there was a conflict between Emperor Gofukakusa's line (Jimyoin Imperial line) and Emperor Kameyama's line (Daikakuji Imperial line) to succeed to the next position of Chiten, but Emperor Gosaga died and left his will to have Emperor Kameyama's line succeed to the throne, Emperor Gofukakusa's line was against it and asked the bakufu to support their force.
- 室町幕府の成立時期には、幕府の施政方針が建武式目として確立・明示された1336年(建武 (日本)3)11月、足利尊氏が持明院統の光明天皇に征夷大将軍へ補任された1338年(暦応1)の2説があるが、前者が有力説である。
- There are two views regarding the year of Muromachi Bakufu's establishment--in November 1336, when the administrative policies of Bakufu were set up (being clearly indicated as Kenmu Shikimoku), or in 1338, when Takauji ASHIKAGA was assigned as Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') by Emperor Komyo of Jimyoin-to faction (持明院統); however, the former view is more convincing.
- 嘉永6年(1853年)のマシュー・ペリー来航以来、幕府政治に発言力を持ち、江戸幕府大老井伊直弼が諸外国と独断で条約を結ぶとこれに不信を示し、一時は攘夷さえ表明したこともあった(文久3年(1863年)3月の攘夷勅命)。
- Since Matthew Perry came to Japan in 1853, the Emperor had an influential voice in politics in the bakufu, he distrusted the incident when a chief minister [councilor] of the Tokugawa shogunate, Naosuke II of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) arbitrarily made agreements with overseas countries, and even once, he expressed the exclusion of foreigners from Japan (the Imperial order of exclusion of foreigners in March (1863)).
- 後述する数々の創作物の影響もあり、幕末、京都の治安維持の主力を担っていたのは新選組であるとの認識も一般には強いが、実際は重要な御所近辺は会津直轄隊の精鋭2000人、その周りは幕臣で構成される見廻組500人が固めていた。
- Due to the impact of many works which will be described later, there is a strong general understanding that Shinsen-gumi took a leading part in maintenance of public order in Kyoto during the last days of the shogunate, but actually, the important area around the Imperial Palace was guarded by 2,000 elite troops under direct control of the Aizu Clan, and around that were another 500 men of Kyoto Mimawarigumi, composed of vassals of the shogunate.
- しかし18世紀後半から、征夷大将軍の権力は天皇から委任されたものであるから、将軍に従わなければならないとする大政委任論が学界で提唱されるようになり、将軍の権威付けとともに天皇の権威性も見直されていくようになっていった。
- However in the latter half of the eighteenth century, a theory called Taisei Inin Ron, that says people must obey the shogun since the power of Seii Taishogun is entrusted by the Emperor, was proposed in the learned society, and the nature of the authorities of both shogun and the Emperor had begun to be reconsidered.
- 戦国時代 (日本)には楠木正成の末裔と自称する楠木正虎なる人物が現れ、北朝を擁立した足利幕府の時代に朝廷(北朝)に仇をなしたとして逆賊扱いであった楠木氏の名誉回復のために、朝廷や織田信長に援助を求めて名誉回復に尽力した。
- During the Sengoku period (period of warring states), Masatora KUSUNOKI, who calls himself as the descendant of Masashige KUSUNOKI appeared and made efforts on restoring impaired reputation of the Kusunoki clan, who he thought was treated as gyakuzoku (rebel) by the Imperial court as having done them an ill office during the era of Ashikaga Shogunate that backed up the Northern Court, seeking assistance from Imperial court and Nobunaga ODA.
- 先の襲津彦伝承に見たような対朝鮮外交を通して、葛城地方に定住することになった多くの渡来系集団が、葛城氏の配下で鍛冶生産(武器・武具などの金属器)を始めとする様々な手工業に従事し、葛城氏の経済力の強化に貢献したとみられる。
- Through the diplomacy that Sotsuhiko had with Korea as described above, it is likely that number of immigrant groups that have been settled in the Katsuraki region contributed in stregthening Katsuraki clan's economic power by being engaged in handycrafts such as smithery (arms and weapons) under the control of the Katsuraki clan.
- しかし、1577年に本拠地の雑賀が織田軍の侵攻を受けると、紀ノ川北岸にあった鈴木氏の所領は真っ先に攻撃を受けて占領され、紀ノ川南岸での戦いも劣勢であったために鈴木氏は他の有力者たちとともに織田氏への服属を誓って降伏した。
- However, in 1577 when the group's home base, Saiga was invaded by the Oda army, the Suzuki clan's estate, which was on the north shore of Kino-kawa River, became the first target to be attacked and occupied, and the Saiga forces were also on the backfoot at the fight on the south shore of Kino-kawa River, the Suzuki clan, along with the other influentials, surrendered to the Oda clan, pledging its submission.
- 日ごとに権力を増す信長に脅威を抱いた朝廷は、信長の朝廷に対する忠誠心を計るため、天正10年(1582年)に「いか様の官にも任ぜられ」(どのような官位も望みのままに与える)と記された誠仁親王の親書(誠仁親王御消息)を送る。
- The Imperial Court sensed a threat from Nobunaga who had been increasing his power day by day and, in order to measure Nobunaga's loyalty to the Imperial Court, sent in 1582 a letter from the Imperial Prince Sanehito that read 'You may have any official position that you wish to have.' to Nobunaga (Sanehito Shinno Goshosoku (letters of the Imperial Prince Sanehito)).
- 後醍醐天皇が全国の南朝勢力を結集するため各地に自分の皇子を派遣する中、義良も1338年(延元3年 / 建武5年)に宗良親王や北畠親房らとともに伊勢国大湊から奥州へ向かうが、途中で暴風に遭い一行は離散し、義良は吉野に戻る。
- While Emperor Godaigo dispatched his princes to various places to rally the forces of the Southern Court throughout Japan, Yoshinori, along with Imperial Prince Muneyoshi, Chikafusa KITABATAKE and others, left for Oshu from Ominato in Ise province, but on the way, they were overtaken by a storm and broken up, and then Yoshinori returned to Yoshino.
- このように後白河には悪評以外に評価が無く、悪評が後を絶たないが、これは、後白河が自らの院政によって武家勢力との共存を図り、結果として次から次にあたかも手駒を捨てていくかのごとく武士を利用していった事が大きな要因といえる。
- Because of this, Goshirakawa only had a continuing bad reputation until now, because he used Samurai one after another as if they were disposable, just like throwing a Japanese chess piece away when it is not needed while playing the game, while he tried to coexist with other Samurai forces by ruling his cloister government.
- また、井上内親王の立后と他戸親王の立太子に尽力したと言われている左大臣藤原永手が宝亀2年(771年)の2月21日 (旧暦)に他界して、藤原氏内部における藤原北家から藤原式家への政権移動があったことも注目すべき事柄である。
- FUJIWARA no Nagate, Minister of the Left, who is said to have made efforts for the investiture of the Imperial Princess Inoe and the investiture of the Crown Prince Osabe, died on March 15, 771 and the regime shifted from the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan to the Ceremonial House of the Fujiwara clan, which is also worth paying attention.
- 安倍氏は俘囚長(俘囚の中から大和朝廷の権力によって選出された有力者)であったとの説が広く流布しているが、文献上では安倍氏を俘囚長とする記述は存在しておらず、康平7年の太政官符に「故俘囚首安倍頼時」との記載があるのみである。
- While the opinion that the Abe clan was the Chief of Fushu (chief of barbarians, that is, the influential persons who had been selected from Fushu by the authority of the Yamato Imperial Court) is widely disseminating, there are no descriptions in documents stating the Abe clan to be the Chief of Fushu, with the exception of a description, 'the late Chief of Fushu ABE no Yoritoki,' in Dajokanpu (official documents issued by Dajokan, Grand Council of State) in 1064.
- 奥州藤原氏(おうしゅうふじわらし)は前九年の役・後三年の役の後の寛治元年(1087年)から源頼朝に滅ぼされる文治5年(1189年)までの間、陸奥国(後の陸中国)平泉を中心に出羽国を含む東北地方一帯に勢力を張った一族である。
- The Oshu Fujiwara clan was the clan whose power stretched over the entire Tohoku region, which centered on Hiraizumi in Mutsu Province (later Rikuchu Province) and included Dewa Province, from 1087 after the Zenkunen War (the Early Nine Years' War) and the Gosannen War (the Later Three Years' War) to 1189, when it was destroyed by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo.
- 治天の君は、自己の軍事力として北面武士を保持し、平氏や源氏などの武士とも主従関係を結んで重用したが、このことは結果的に、武力による政治紛争の解決への道を開くことになり、平氏政権の誕生や源氏による鎌倉幕府の登場につながった。
- Chiten no Kimi, holding Hokumen no Bushi (the Imperial Palace Guards) as his own military power, formed the relationships between lord and vassals with samurai such as the Taira and Minamoto clans and placed them in important positions, but as a result, it opened the way to solving political disputes by military power, and led to the birth of the Taira clan government and the establishment of the Kamakura Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) by the Minamoto clan.
- 和銅7年(714年)には首皇子の元服が行われて正式に立太子されるも病弱であったことと皇親勢力と外戚である藤原氏との対立もあり、即位は先延ばしにされ文武天皇の妹である元正天皇が「中継ぎの中継ぎ」として皇位を継ぐことになった。
- In 714, genpuku (a ceremony held to celebrate one's coming of age) was held for Prince Obito, and he was invested as crown prince, but due to his poor health and a conflict between pro-imperial forces and the Fujiwara clan, who were maternally related to the Imperial family, his enthronement was postponed and the Empress Gensho, younger sister of the Emperor Monmu, succeeded to the Imperial Throne as 'an interim empress for the interim emperor'.
- その後も京都奪回を目指すが、南朝の力は既に弱体化しており、足利義満征夷大将軍就任後の1368年(正平23年 / 応安元年)3月11日 (旧暦)に御座所にしていた住吉大社宮司の津守氏の住吉行宮(大阪市住吉区)にて崩御(死去)。
- They continued trying to recover Kyoto, but the Southern Court's power was already weakened, and on April 6, 1368 (old calendar), the Emperor demised at an Imperial chamber, Sumiyoshi-Angu (Sumiyoshi Ward, Osaka City) of Tsumori clan, the chief priest of Sumiyoshitaisha Shrine.
- 安徳天皇が平家に連れられて西国に落ちた後、皇位継承の有力者であったが母親の身分が低く、かつ外祖父が死亡していた事、弟の尊成親王(後の後鳥羽天皇)の方が祖父の後白河法皇に可愛がられていた事から、皇位は尊成親王が継ぐ事になった。
- After Emperor Antoku was taken away to the western area of Japan by the Taira family, Imperial Prince Koreaki became one of the strong candidates for the next emperor, but his younger brother Imperial Prince Takahira (later Emperor Gotoba) eventually succeeded to the throne because Koreaki's mother was not nobly born and his maternal grandfather was already dead, and moreover, their grandfather Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa liked Imperial Prince Takahira better.
- 尊子内親王は『栄花物語』によれば「いみじう美しげに光るやう」な姫宮であったといい、摂関家嫡流を外戚に何不自由ない将来を約束されていたが、外祖父藤原伊尹や母懐子、そして叔父達までも次々と早世したために有力な後見を失ってしまう。
- According to 'Eiga monogatari' (A Tale of Flowering Fortunes) she was said to be a 'very beautiful Princess, as if she was shinning' and she had bright future having maternal relatives of the family eligible for regents, however after her maternal grandfather, FUJIWARA no Koremasa and her mother, Kaishi and her uncles as well, died unexpectedly one after another, she lost her powerful supervisor.
- 戦国時代 (日本)に現れた土岐為頼は、房総の覇権をめぐって里見氏と後北条氏とが対立するなかでたくみに身を処し勢力を維持したが、為頼の死後、土岐頼春(義成)の代に小田原の役が勃発、頼春(義成)は後北条氏方に与したために滅亡した。
- Tamerori TOKI, who appeared in the Warring States period (Japan), conducted himself tactfully to maintain his power in the middle of confrontation between the Satomi clan and the Gohojo clan over the supremacy of Boso region, however, after his death, the Siege of Odawara broke out in the era of Yoriharu TOKI (Yoshinari), and the Kazusa-Toki clan lost its power because Yoriharu sided with the Gohojo clan.
- 幕府は朝廷権威に接近して権力の再構築を図る公武合体政策を行うが、公家の岩倉具視や、薩摩藩の西郷隆盛(吉之助)、大久保利通、小松帯刀、長州藩の桂小五郎(木戸孝允)、広沢真臣などの尊皇攘夷派らは、王政復古、武力討幕路線を構想する。
- Bakufu approached the authority of the Imperial Court and conducted Kobu-gattai (公武合体)policies targeting the re-establishment of their power, but the Sonno joi (尊王攘夷)faction, including the court nobles Tomomi IWAKURA, Takamori SAIGO (Kichinosuke), Toshimichi OKUBO, Tatewaki KOMATSU of the Satsuma clan, Kogoro KATSURA (Takayoshi KIDO) and Saneomi HIROSAWA of the Choshu clan, plotted the acceptance of restoration of imperial rule and tobaku by military power.
- 仁明の後、文徳天皇-清和天皇-陽成天皇と直系による皇位継承がほぼ順調に行われたが、陽成が内裏で重大事件(誤って殺人を犯したとする説が有力)を起こし退位に追い込まれてしまい、再び直系継承の下で皇統断絶の危機が訪れることになった。
- After the era of Emperor Ninmyo, Imperial succession of the direct Imperial line continued almost smoothly for example; Emperor Montoku - Emperor Seiwa - Emperor Yozei, later Emperor Yozei caused a serious incident in the Palace, (there was a theory about him accidentally killing someone) after he was forced to abdicated from the throne, and again there was a crisis of the discontinuity of Imperial succession of the direct Imperial line.
- 「平」という名称の由来は不明であるが、もっとも有力な説は太田亮が唱えて藤木邦彦・佐伯有清らが発展させた説で、最初の平氏であった桓武平氏の祖である桓武天皇が建設した平安京にちなんで「平(和訓多比良)」と名づけたとするものである。
- While the origin of the name 'Taira' is unknown, the most influential theory proposed by Akira OTA and developed by Kunihiko FUJIKI, Arikiyo SAEKI and others, states that 'Taira' derives from a Japanese reading of the kanji character '平' in '平安京,' the ancient capital in present-day Kyoto which was built by the Emperor Kanmu, an ancestor of the first Taira clan, Kanmu-Heishi.
- また、青蓮院が属する天台宗の主要寺院が住職の世襲を認めていないのに対し、青蓮院門主の地位を子息に譲ることを強く望んで天台宗教団と鋭く対立し、一時は教団離脱をほのめかして教団に圧力をかけ、ついに世襲を認めさせた事件も起こしている。
- While major temples in the Tendai sect that Shoren-in Temple belongs to do not allow the heredity of the chief priest, he had a fierce conflict with the Tendai sect strongly insisting to give the position of the chief priest of Shoren-in, and he applied pressure implying secession from the sect, finally forcing the sect to allow heredity.
- 探題は管領と同じ権限を持ったと思われるが、のちに奥州の有力国人は将軍家と直接主従関係を結ぶ「京都扶持衆」となり、奥州南半には篠川御所、稲村御所など鎌倉公方の分家が入府し、勢力を持っていたため、奥州管領時代のような威勢は無くなった。
- Although Tandai (Local commissioner) is thought to have possessed the same authority as Kanrei did, it was not so influential as in the period of the Oshu Kanrei, due to the facts that the powerful Kokujin in the Oshu region later became 'the Kyoto fuchishu' by entering into the feudal master-servant relationship directly with the Shogun family and that the branch families of the Kamakura kubo (Governor-general of the Kanto region) including Sasagawa Gosho (Palace) and Inamura Gosho entered into the southern part of the Oshu region and exercised influence.
- 神道研究において、天皇家の血筋(いわゆる万世一系)を男系で引いていなければ天皇になる資格はないのか、それとも理論上は三種の神器を抑えた権力者は誰であれ天皇となりうるのかについては結論は出ていない(ただし、神道の公式見解ではない)。
- In the study of the Shito religion, a conclusion has not been reached whether one is not qualified to become the Emperor unless one is a man with the Imperial Family blood line (unbroken imperial line) or theoretically, any powerful person with the Three Sacred Treasures of the Imperial Family can become the Emperor (note that this is not the official point of view of Shinto).
- しかし戦争が終わると地元の農民が自力でその滑走路のコンクリートを剥がし農地に復興させたため、今ではその姿を見ることは出来ないが周辺には物資格納倉庫に加え、敵機を撃墜させるための高射砲も存在し、米軍の機銃掃射の攻撃対象にもなっていた。
- However, when the war was over, since local farmers removed concrete from the runway by themselves, and restored it as agricultural land, the runway no longer exists; however, an antiaircraft gun and storage locker still exists around it, and were the target of machine gun attacks by the U.S. military.
- 一方関東地方や東北、九州南部などの地域においては、既に中央の統制下から離れた状態のまま、各地域内部において有力武家間の大規模な紛争が発生しており、この戦いとは全く無関係に戦乱状態に突入していた(関東については享徳の乱を参照のこと)。
- On the other hand, in some regions including Kanto, Tohoku and Southern Kyushu, large-scale conflicts had already begun among influential samurai families within individual territories already out of central control, and these areas were already in a state of war irrespective of the battle in and around the capital region (for further information on Kanto, see the article on Kyotoku Incident).
- その後同4年(1246年)に修明門院の最大の支援者であった当時の朝廷の実力者・九条道家が息子である将軍九条頼経と結んで、執権北条時頼とその後押しを受けた後嵯峨天皇を退けて雅成親王を次期天皇に擁立しようとしているとする風説が流される。
- Then, in 1246, a rumor was circulated that Michiie KUJO who was an influential person in the then imperial court and chief supporter of Shumeimonin colluded with his son, Shogun Yoritsune KUJO, and intended to put up Shogun Yoritsune KUJO as the next Emperor by dismissing the regent Tokiyori HOJO and Emperor Gosaga who were supported by him.
- これらのテロ計画に、熾仁親王本人を始め有栖川宮関係者が関知・関与していたか否か今日では証明できていないが、元来長州毛利家と縁戚で自他共に認める尊攘論者だった熾仁親王は、有力な過激派シンパとして容保たちからさらに警戒されるようになる。
- It can not be proved, nowadays, whether Prince Taruhito and other Arisugawanomiya related people, had something to do with the above terrorism or not, since Prince Taruhito was a relative of the Mori family of Choshu, and also well known supporter of the Emperor by other Imperial members, Prince Taruhito himself admitted it, he became being alarmed by Katamori and his group as an extreme (communist) sympathizer.
- 称光天皇は病弱でたびたび重態に陥り、皇子の誕生もなく、また後小松の次男小川宮も早世したため後継者問題が生じ、後小松上皇は4代将軍足利義持と協議、後継者として崇光流の伏見宮貞成親王が有力視され、一時は後小松の猶子として親王宣下された。
- Because Emperor Shoko was weak and often in serious condition, he did not have any children to succeed as prince; moreover, Gokomatsu's second son Ogawanomiya died young, so there was the issue of who would succeed to the throne; however, after Retired Emperor Gokomatsu had a meeting with the fourth Shogun Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA, Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Sadafusa of Suko Ryu (a descendant of Emperor Suko) was appointed as a successor once he received the title of a Imperial Prince by the imperial order and became Gokomatsu's adopted child.
- 明治2年(1869年)5月、各藩主に代わる「反逆首謀者」として、仙台藩首席家老但木成行、仙台藩江戸詰め家老坂英力、会津藩家老萱野権兵衛、盛岡藩家老楢山佐渡が、東京で極刑の刎首(ふんしゅ)刑(首を刎ねられてさらし首にされる)に処された。
- In May, 1869, in Tokyo, a principal chief retainer of the Sendai Domain, Nariyuki TADAKI, a chief retainer of the Sendai Domain working in Edo, Eiriki SAKA, a chief retainer of the Aizu Domain, Gombei KAYANO, and a chief retainer of the Morioka Domain were sentenced to the ultimate penalty of the funshu-kei (beheading and displaying of the severed head in public) as a symbol of 'a mastermind of the rebellion' in place of each lord of the domain.
- 例えば全国に支配権を敷いていた武家政権の君主である征夷大将軍への就任も形式上は天皇の宣下によって行われることになっており、その権力者は天皇の権威を利用し、その政敵を朝敵(天皇の敵)などに指定させ、その統治権を正当化することが多かった。
- For example, the assumption of Seii Taishogun, who was the sovereign of samurai government which had supremacy throughout the country, was claimed to be granted by the Emperor in a form of Imperial proclamation, and most of the time, the man at power used the Emperor's authority to make a political opponent as choteki (enemy of the Emperor) to justify his right to rule.
- だが、江戸時代後期彦根藩などの保護を受けた他の琵琶湖湖畔の諸港の台頭、船主・漁民と農民・商人との利害対立による内紛(堀田氏の佐野移封と前後として農民と漁民の対立が大規模暴動に発展している)などがあり、徐々にその影響力を低下させていった。
- However, Katata gradually lost its power, owing to the rise of other domains surrounding Lake Biwa that were protected by some authorities such as the Hikone Domain in the late Edo period and internal conflicts between shipowners and fishermen and farmers and merchants (around the transfer of Hotta clan to Sano, the conflict between farmers and fishermen developed into a large-scale riot).
- が、志方正和は公家が残した日記や源氏物語を研究した結果、藤原隆家の下で大宰少弐であった則隆の父藤原政則が、肥後国住人と記述されていることから、政則と則隆の代1070年ころ菊池周辺に土着したとする説を発表、この説が現在まで有力とされている。
- However, in his study on the diaries left by nobles and The Tale of Genji, Masakazu SHIKATA found that Noritaka's father, FUJIWARA no Masanori, who was Dazai no shoni (junior assistant governor of Dazaifu, local government office in Kyushu region) under FUJIWARA no Takaie, was mentioned as a resident of Higo Province, and on this finding, Shikata presented a theory that the family was settled in the vicinity of Kikuchi around 1070, during the generations of Masanori and Noritaka, and since then, this is considered as a theory with high credibility.
- 出家し法皇となった後には、奈良時代初期に徳道が観音霊場三十三ヶ所の宝印を石棺に納めたという伝承があった摂津国の中山寺(兵庫県宝塚市)でこの宝印を探し出し、紀伊国熊野から宝印の三十三の観音霊場を巡礼し修行に勤め大きな法力を身につけたという。
- After the Emperor became a cloistered emperor in the pious life, he found this hoin (a seal used in Temples) in Nakayama-dera Temple of Settsu Province (Takarazuka City, Hyogo Prefecture), where it is said that Tokudo left a hoin (a seal used in temples) inside the stone coffin of the 33 Kannon Reijo (a sacred place) during the early Nara period, the Emperor worked hard and gained the power of the Buddhist dharma (Law) by visiting the 33 Kannon Reijo (a sacred place) from Kumano, Kii Province.
- 現在では社会経済史的視点からの研究や戦国大名武田氏の権力構造の解明、家臣団の個別研究のほか、財政や治水事業、軍事や外交、交通や都市問題、商職人支配や郷村支配、宗教など各分野における実証的研究や民俗学的アプローチなど研究の地平が広っている。
- At present, empirical as well as ethnological studies are being conducted on various themes, including socio-economic history, power structure of the Sengoku daimyo Takeda clan, individual study of vassals, finance, flood prevention projects, military and foreign affairs, urban problem, ruling of merchants/craftsmen, ruling of villages and religion etc.
- 戊辰戦争は、新政府下での薩長と幕府の主導権争いに起因する「鳥羽・伏見の戦い」の段階、会津藩・庄内藩の処分問題に起因する「東北戦争(北越戦争と会津戦争を含む)」の段階、旧幕府勢力の最後の抵抗となった「箱館戦争」の段階の3段階に大きく区分される。
- The Boshin War was roughly divided into three phases: the Battle of Toba and Fushimi phase which arose from the power struggle between the Sat-Cho and the Shogunate under the new government; the Tohoku War phase, including the Hokuetsu War and the Aizu War, which arose from the issue of punishment meted out to Aizu and Shonai Domains; and the Hakodate War phase in which the members of the former Shogunate staged a final revolt.
- なお、徳富蘇峰の『近世日本国民史』以来、天皇が幕府の圧力によって退位したとする説があるが、実際には退位後においても積極的に政治や学問の振興策を主導しており、むしろ幕府からの干渉を避けるために院政による政治運営を行う狙いがあったと考えられている。
- There is a theory that the Emperor abdicated under pressure from the government after the publication of 'Modern Japanese History,' by Soho TOKUTOMI; however, it is considered that after his abdication, he aimed to focus on ruling the cloister government without pressure from the government, doing so by actively promoting political and academic programs.
- 室町時代に矢並を本拠として加茂郡 (三河国)一帯に勢力を広げて三河西北部における有力国人として台頭し、戦国時代 (日本)には、寺部(豊田市寺部町)、酒呑(豊田市幸海町)、足助(豊田市足助町)、則定(豊田市足助町大字則定)などの諸家に分かれていた。
- During the Muromachi period, the clan emerged as a powerful kokujin (local samurai) in the northwestern Mikawa, by extending its influence over Kamo Country (Mikawa Province) with its home base in Yanami, then in the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (Japan), the clan was divided into several branch families such as the Terabe (Terabe-cho, Toyota City), the Sachinomi (Kokai-cho, Toyota City), the Asuke (Asuke-cho, Toyota City) and the Norisada (Oaza Norisada, Asuke-cho, Toyoda City).
- しかし、兵の脱走が相次ぎ、光秀は勝竜寺城を密かに脱出して居城坂本城(大津市)をさして落ち延びる途中、小栗栖(京都市伏見区)の藪(現在は「明智藪」と呼ばれる)で土民の落ち武者狩りに遭い、なんとか逃れたものの力尽き家臣の介錯により自刃したと言われる。
- However, as his soldiers deserted one after another, Mitsuhide secretly left Shoryuji-jo Castle and tried to retreat to Sakamoto-jo Castle (Otsu City) where he had been based, but on his way he came across native villagers hunting fleeing soldiers of the enemy in a yabu (bamboo grove) at Ogurisu (in today's Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City) (the grove is now called 'Akechi Yabu') and, though he managed to survive the ambush, is said to have committed jijin, seconded by one of his vassals.
- 蘇我蝦夷が山背大兄王を避けた理由については、山背大兄王がまだ若く未熟であった、あるいは山背大兄王の人望を嫌ったという説と、推古天皇に続いて蘇我氏系の皇族である山背大兄王を擁立することで反蘇我氏勢力との対立が深まる事を避けたかったためという説がある。
- There are a couple of theories as to why SOGA no Emishi blocked Prince Yamashiro no oe in his bid for the Imperial Throne; one is that Prince Yamashiro no oe was still young and immature and hated Prince Yashiro no oe's popularity and the other one was that he had to avoid further confrontation with anti- Soga clan forces by allowing the ascent of Prince Yamashiro no oe since the imperial family and the subsequent emperor Suiko were supported by the Soga clan.
- 政治的な対立もさることながら、天皇と安積親王に何かがあった場合には天皇の叔母・吉備内親王の生んだ男子(当然、長屋王の息子でもある)である膳夫王ら三王が男系皇族での皇位継承の最有力者となる筈であったことも「長屋王排除」の理由として注目すべき点である。
- Apart from the political confrontation, one of the reasons noteworthy for the 'exclusion of Prince Nagaya' was that the three princes, including Kashiwade no Okimi, who were given birth by Imperial Princess Kibi, an aunt of the emperor, (and of course the sons of Prince Nagaya) would have been the most promising successors to the Imperial Throne if something happened to the emperor and Prince Asaka.
- この乱により、足利尊氏・直義に分割されていた将軍の権力は尊氏のもとに一本化され、将軍の親裁権は強化されるが、高師直によって吉野を陥落させられ滅亡寸前にまで追い込まれた南朝に、直義・尊氏が交互に降るなど息を吹き返し延命したため、南北朝の動乱が長引いた。
- Because of this disturbance, the authority of the shogun that was divided between Takauji and Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA was unified under Takauji and the power of the shogun was strengthened but the Southern Court that was forced to the brink of elimination when KO no Moronao attacked Yoshino, was prolonged when Tadayoshi and Takauji surrendered in turn, and led to the prolongation of the upheaval of the period of Northern and Southern Courts.
- 親王の子女のうち、長女源隆姫(関白藤原頼通の正室)と三女せん子女王(関白藤原教通の正室)は子に恵まれず、次女敦康親王妃も一人娘藤原嫄子(頼通養女、後朱雀天皇中宮)が内親王二人しか残さなかったが、嫡男源師房の子孫は村上源氏として院政期に勢力を拡大した。
- Among children of the Imperial Prince, his eldest daughter, MINAMOTO no Takahime (a legal wife of the chancellor, FUJIWARA no Yorimichi), and his third daughter, Princess Senshi (a legal wife of the chancellor, FUJIWARA no Norimichi), were less fortunate not to have any children, and for his second daughter, Princess of Imperial Prince Atsuyasu, her only daughter, FUJIWARA no Genshi (Yorimichi's step daughter, later Emperor Gosuzaku), left two imperial princesses, but the offspring of his eldest son, MINAMOTO no Morofusa, extended his influence as Murakami-Genji (Minamoto clan) during the period of the cloistered government.
- 応神天皇の崩御後、皇位を継ごうと企み、有力候補の菟道稚郎子・大鷦鷯皇子(後の仁徳天皇)らを殺害しようと数百の兵とともに挙兵するが、船で淀川を渡る際に、計画を察知した大鷦鷯皇子から話を聞いた菟道稚郎子が渡し守に紛し、船をわざと転覆させたため、水死した。
- After Emperor Ojin passed away, he plotted to succeed the Imperial Throne, and with hundreds of soldiers, he raised an army against Iratsuko UJINOWAKI and Osasagi no miko (the later Emperor Nintoku) who were strong candidates for the succession, but when he was crossing the Yodo-gawa River on a ship, he drowned because Iratsuko UJINOWAKI who heard the story from Osasagi no miko that suspected Oyamamori no miko's plan, disguised himself as a ferryman and purposely capsized the ship.
- この「巡幸」は各地で歓迎をもって迎えられたが、1947年にはその歓迎の盛り上がりぶりに、天皇の政治権力復活を危惧したGHQによって巡幸の1年間中止が決定されるなどの動きもあった(国旗の掲揚はGHQにより禁じられていたが、多数の民衆が掲揚していたため)。
- This 'Junko' was welcomed in each place, but in 1947, because welcoming the Emperor had awoken apprehension about the revival of the Emperor's political powers, movements were made by GHQ to stop Junko for a year (there were many people hoisting national flags even though it was prohibited by GHQ).
- 552年(欽明天皇13年)に百済から仏像と経文が伝来する(仏教伝来そのものに関しては、『上宮聖徳法王帝説』(「志癸島天皇御世 戊午年十月十二日」)『元興寺伽藍縁起』(天國案春岐廣庭天皇七年歳戊午十二月)を根拠として戊午年・538年とする説が有力である。
- In 552, budda statues and sutras; sacred literature telling religious techniques, were introduced to Japan from Paekche while It is argued that Buddhism was introduced in 538 based on descriptions in 'Jogu Shotoku Hooteisetsu' (Biography of Shotoku Taishi), 'Ganjo-ji temple garan engi', (the history of Ganjoji temple), (both saying 538 is the year when Buddhism came to Japan.
- 明智光秀が福知山を統治するようになると、光秀は後に城下町ともなる城に連なる居住地造営と治水のため、長さ1kmにも及ぶ築堤により川筋を大幅に変更したことにより由良川の流れは大幅に改善されたが、それでも洪水は収まらずその後の為政者も治水に尽力を惜しまなかった。
- When Mitsuhide AKECHI became the ruler of Fukuchiyama, he drastically changed the course of the river by building an embankment as long as one km for the purpose of developing the castle's residential area which later became a castle town, and improved the flow of the river; however, since floods still occurred, subsequent administrators spared no effort towards flood control.
- 政界の実力者・平清盛の義理の甥にあたる事に加えて、当時政治方針を巡って対立した二条天皇によって院政停止状態に置かれていた後白河院の不満から、二条天皇の死後に立てられた六条天皇(二条天皇の子、高倉天皇からみて甥)をわずか3歳で退位させ、天皇として擁立された。
- Emperor Takakura was TAIRA no Kiyomori's nephew in law, while TAIRA no Kiyomori had the control of the politics at that time, the Emperor Takakura was appointed to succeed to the throne after Emperor Rokujo (Emperor Nijo's child and Emperor Takakura's nephew) was forced to abdicate when he was three years old, who was set up to succeed to the throne after Emperor Nijo died by the retired Emperor Goshirakara in, since Goshirakawa was not able to rule his Cloister government due to Emperor Nijo's political pressure who opposed to Goshirakawa on political policy during that period.
- なお後者は、その様子を見た定子の弟藤原隆家が「追従深き老狐かな」と罵ったというが、この逸話は内親王の機転の利く聡明な人柄を伝えると同時に、いかに世に重きをなす大斎院といえども有力な後見のない内親王としては、時の摂関との結びつきを無視できなかったことが伺える。
- In addition, the latter stated that Teishi's brother who saw that state of things, swore 'an old fox was following her,' but this anecdote revealed that the Imperial Princess had a tactful and clever personality, and how even the Great Saiin, could not ignore the bond with the regent because she did not have a dominant successor.
- 鎌倉時代末期から南北朝時代 (日本)初期にかけて、越後国佐橋庄南条(現在の新潟県柏崎市)から高田郡吉田郡山城(現在の広島県安芸高田市)へ移った後に国人領主として成長し、戦国時代 (日本)には国人領主から戦国大名への脱皮を遂げ、ついには中国地方最大の勢力となる。
- From the end of the Kamakura period to the beginning of the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), the clan moved from Nanjo in Sahashinosho, Echigo Province (present Kashiwazaki City, Niigata Prefecture) to the Yoshidakoriyama-jo Castle in Takada County (present Akitakata City, Hiroshima Prefecture), and developed their power as assuming the position of kokujin ryoshu (local samurai lord), then became a Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) in the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States), the clan eventually grew to be the most powerful one in the Chugoku region.
- 江戸時代には儒教や仏教などの外来思想に批判的な立場から古典や神道を研究する国学が盛んになると、神国思想もまた広く受け入れられるようになり、それが幕末の黒船来航などの外的圧力の増大とともに攘夷論へと発展し、尊王攘夷運動が展開されてやがて江戸幕府滅亡の原因となった。
- In the Edo period, once the study of ancient Japanese thought, classics, and Shinto became popular under the view point of criticizing beliefs from overseas like Confucianism and Buddhism, the belief of Shinkoku was widely accepted, it developed the principle of excluding foreigners in the face of pressure from Western ships coming to Japan in the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate, the movement of 'Revere the Emperor and expel the barbarians' (19th century slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of the barbarians or foreigners) was established which caused of the fall of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- しかし、3月に経宗・惟方が後白河の命により配流されて失脚、7月には藤原隆信が院昇殿停止処分を受け、8月には中宮・姝子内親王が病により出家、11月には後見の美福門院が死去するなど二条親政派の要人が次々に消えて、二条の立場は不安定となり後白河院政派が勢力を拡大した。
- However, Goshirakawa ordered to sentence Tsunemune and Korekata for deportaion and they lost their positions in March; FUJIWARA no Takanobu was suspended from entering into a special temple in the Imperial Palace in July, the second consort of the Emperor, Princess Shushi became a nun due to her illness in August, followed by the death of the Emperor's guardian Bifuku mon in that November; thus Emperor Nijo's political power was wrecked by losing his important people, while on the other hand Goshirakawa, with the support of his force, took more political power.
- 元就は長男の毛利隆元(53代)に家督を譲った後も戦国大名として陣頭指揮を続け、尼子氏に対しては策略を以ってその軍事の柱石である新宮党を主家の尼子晴久に誅殺させた(しかし近年では新宮党粛清は元就の策謀ではなく、あくまで晴久の意志で実行されたとの見解が有力である)。
- Even after Motonari handed over his family estate to his first son, Takamoto MORI (the 53th), he continued to take command as a Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period); also, in order to destroy the Amago clan, he made Haruhisa AMAGO execute the Shingu-to group who were the pillar of their military affairs, as criminals (However, a more prominent opinion in recent years is that the purge of the Shingu-to was not conducted by the conspiracy of Motonari, but by the will of Haruhisa.)
- だが、延べ数十万の兵士を都に集結させて11年にもわたり戦闘が続いたにも関わらず、主だった将が戦死することもなく、ただ惰性的に争いを続けてきた挙句に守護大名たちが獲得を目指していた幕府権力そのものが権威を失墜させてしまい、結果的に獲得するものは何もなかったのである。
- However, in spite of the 11-year duration of the war involving an aggregate of hundreds of thousands of soldiers mobilized into the capital, it was a war continued by inertia, tolling the life of none of major military leaders; moreover, the authority of the Bakufu power itself, which shugo daimyos had been vying for, was already lost, eventually nothing for them to win.
- また、自分の政権維持のために、平家や木曾義仲ら武士勢力を利用しては、その存在が邪魔になると討伐という形で使い捨てを続けた事から、源頼朝からは「日本国第一の大天狗」と評された(ただし、近年この大天狗の表現は、院近臣の高階泰経を指したのではないかとする説も出ている)。
- Also he was called by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, the 'No.1 Tengu (Mountain spirit) in Japan' which means the most boisterous person in Japan, since he used the Samurai forces, such as the Taira clan or Yoshinaka KISO, to keep his political authority and killed them when they were no longer needed, in another words he used and discarded people. (however recently there is another theory that this expression about Tengu is considered to be describing his close aide, TAKASHINA no Yasutsune.)
- そして三好三人衆と対立しながらも一時は畿内における覇権を掌握し、松永氏の最盛期を築き上げたが、1568年、織田信長が義輝の弟・足利義昭を奉じて上洛してくると、信長の優れた器量と圧倒的軍事力を知って、名器・九十九髪茄子を信長に献上して降伏し、信長の家臣となっている。
- While being opposed to Nagayasu MIYOSHI, Tomomichi IWANARI and Masayasu MIYOSHI, Hisahide for a while gained the hegemony in Kinai, which lead to the full blossoming of the Matsunaga clan; however, in 1568, when Nobunaga ODA came to Kyoto in support of Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, Yoshiteru's younger brother, since Hisahide noticed Nobunaga's excellent caliber and overwhelming military power, Hisahide presented a fine art work--a tsukumonasu (Chinese tea caddy)--to Nobunaga as a sign that he would yield, and thus he became Nobunaga's vassal.
- 後円融上皇の死後、わずかに残っていた朝廷の政治的権力も足利義満の手でほとんどすべて幕府に接収され、貴族たちも多くは室町殿と主従関係を結んで幕府に従属し、院政は支配する対象自体を失い、朝廷も政府としての機能を失い、天皇を中心とする貴族たち(公家)の利益共同体に転落する。
- After the death of Retired Emperor Goenyu, almost all of the few political powers left in the Imperial Court were requisitioned to bakufu by Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, many nobilities also subordinated to Bakufu by forming lord and vassal relationships with Muromachi-dono (the head position of Muromachi Bakufu inherited by Ashikaga family), Insei lost the objective to rule, the Imperial Court lost its functions as a government, and the position fell into a profitable community by nobilities (Kuge) with the Emperor in center.
- 義廉と縁戚関係にあった宗全は、一色義直や土岐成頼らとともに義廉を支持し、さらに貞親が謀反の噂を流して義視の追放を図ったことから、義視の後見人である勝元は宗全と協力して貞親を近江に追放、このとき、政変に巻き込まれた季瓊真蘂、斯波義敏、赤松政則らも一時失脚して都を追われた。
- Sozen, who was a relative of Yoshikado, supported Yoshikado in alliance with Yoshinao ISSHIKI and Shigeyori TOKI among others and as Sadachika circulated a rumor of planned rebellion in an attempt to expel Yoshimi; in response, Katsumoto who was the guardian of Yoshimi cooperated with Sozen to expel Sadachika to Omi, and Shinzui KIKEI, Yoshitoshi SHIBA and Masanori AKAMATSU among others, involved in the coup, were also expelled from the capital in a temporary deposition.
- 南朝には正副二統の皇統が存在し、陽動作戦のために吉野に設けた擬天皇である、副統の後亀山天皇が、足利義満の謀略に掛かって講和したため、1392年(元中9年)の南北朝合一以後、全国の勤皇の武士たちは宮方(南朝正統)に味方する大義名分を失い、宮方の勢力は衰微の一途をたどった。
- There were 2 lineages in the Southern Court, and since the false Emperor, Emperor Gokameyama, who was put in Yoshino Province as a distraction, made peace with Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA by falling into his snare, after the unification of Southern and Northern Courts in 1392, samurai throughout the country who were pro-Imperial lost their reason to support miyagata (Legitimate Succession of the Southern Court), and the power of miyagata only shrunk as time went by.
- 戦国時代 (日本)末期には京都での天皇や公家の窮乏は著しく、烏帽子を逆さまにして物乞いをしたり、共同浴場に出向いたりする公家も生じるようになったが、有力戦国大名や織田信長政権が天皇・公家を政治的・経済的に意識的に保護したことによってその後まで制度として継続することになる。
- At the end of the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (Japan), the destitution of the Emperor and Kuge in Kyoto was remarkable, like some Kuge begged by putting his formal headwear for court nobles upside down and some Kuge going to public bathhouse, but it was continued as a system because of the intentional protections of the Emperor and Kuge in both political and economical ways made by powerful Sengoku-daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) and the government by Nobunaga ODA.
- 朕内ハ則チ教化ヲ醇厚ニシ愈民心ノ和会ヲ致シ益国運ノ隆昌ヲ進メムコトヲ念ヒ外ハ則チ国交ヲ親善ニシ永ク世界ノ平和ヲ保チ普ク人類ノ福祉ヲ益サム事ヲ冀フ爾有衆其レ心ヲ協ヘ力ヲ戮セ私ヲ忘レ公ニ奉シ以テ朕カ志ヲ弼成シ朕ヲシテ祖宗作述ノ遺烈ヲ揚ケ以テ祖宗神霊ノ降鑒ニ対フルコトヲ得シメヨ
- 朕内ハ則チ教化ヲ醇厚ニシ愈民心ノ和会ヲ致シ益国運ノ隆昌ヲ進メムコトヲ念ヒ外ハ則チ国交ヲ親善ニシ永ク世界ノ平和ヲ保チ普ク人類ノ福祉ヲ益サム事ヲ冀フ爾有衆其レ心ヲ協ヘ力ヲ戮セ私ヲ忘レ公ニ奉シ以テ朕カ志ヲ弼成シ朕ヲシテ祖宗作述ノ遺烈ヲ揚ケ以テ祖宗神霊ノ降鑒ニ対フルコトヲ得シメヨ
- そのため能信が妻の姪にあたる養女茂子を妃に入れたのだが、いくら能信の養女でも実父が中納言では、東宮妃にはふさわしくないと非難されている(また、当時養女を妃に入れたのは最高実力者であった頼通のみであり、能信がそれを行うのは不相応であるという意味合いがあったとも言われている)。
- Due to the above background, Yoshinobu sent his wife's niece, and also his adopted daughter, Moshi to the Imperial Palace to become Empress; however, some people criticized that Moshi was not suitable as the Crown Prince's Empress since her real father's official rank was mere Chunagon (also it was only Yorimichi, who had the most political power at that time, to send an adopted daughter to become Empress, thus it is said that some people considered it was not appropriate for Yoshinobu to do that because his official rank was not high enough).
- 終焉場所についても、1550年(天文 (元号)19年)に作成された京都醍醐寺所蔵の「大草の宮の御哥」と題された古文書の記述から、長らく拠点であった信濃国大河原で没したとの説が有力とされるが、南朝紹運録には1385年(元中2年/至徳2年)に遠江国井伊城で没したと記されている。
- According to an old document titled 'Okusano miya no outa' that was completed in 1550 and kept in Daigo-ji Temple, Kyoto, there was a plausible theory that he died at his long-time base in Okawara, Shinano Province; according to the Nanchojounroku (records handed down since the Southern Court of Japan), however, he died in Ii-jo Castle, Totomi Province, in 1385,.
- 「条」とは、郡・郷よりさらに小さい規模の領域を示す単位であり、郡規模あるいはそれ以上の範囲に領域支配を展開する他の東国有力武士団である三浦氏・千葉氏・小山氏・秩父氏などは、どれも何代か前から多くの有力な一族を各地に分派させているが、北条氏にはそうした一族が少しもみられない。
- A 'jo' is a unit of area smaller than a 'gun' (county) or 'go' (village), and unlike other major armed groups in Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly Kanto region) who ruled territories of 'gun' or larger area (e.g. the Miura, Chiba, Koyama and Chichibu clans) and had been scattering their powerful branch families across Togoku since generations before, the Hojo clan did not have any such branch families.
- 1932年のコミンテルンテーゼ(いわゆる32年テーゼ)は、共産主義革命を日本で行うため日本の君主制をロシア帝国の絶対君主制であるツァーリズムになぞらえて「天皇制」と表記し、天皇制と封建階級(寄生地主)・ブルジョワジー(独占資本)との結合が日本の権力機構の本質であると規定した。
- Comintern These of 1932 (so-called these of 32) likened the Japanese monarchism to the tsarism of Russia which was the absolute monarchy and rendered the Japanese monarchism as 'Tennosei' (Emperor System) and defined that the combination of the Emperor system, parasitic landowners (privileged people under the feudal system) and bourgeoisie (monopolistic capitalists) is the essence of the Japanese power mechanism.
- 桐野作人は、朝廷黒幕説への自己批判という意味からか「信長は、毛利水軍を牽制するために長宗我部氏が必要だったが、本願寺の退去と毛利水軍の衰微が長宗我部氏を必要としなくなっていった。その結果、長宗我部氏との親戚・婚姻関係樹立に尽力した光秀と利三の立場が危うくなった」という説を唱えた。
- Probably as self-recrimination against the view that the imperial court was the mastermind of this revolt, Sakujin KIRINO advocated, 'Nobunaga needed the Chosokabe clan in order to contain the navy of the Mori clan, but because of deportation of Honganji and decline of the navy of the Mori clan made the Chosokabe clan needless for Nobunaga. As a result, the position of Mitsuhide and Toshimitsu, who made best effort to establish the relation of relative and matrimonial relation with the Chosokabe clan became undermined.'
- 以上が従来の通説であるが、異説としては、六角氏綱(高頼の嫡男で定頼の兄)の子孫が信長に庇護され存続し、六角義郷が、(父あるいは兄にあたる六角義秀の旧臣であり、片諱を与えた)豊臣秀吉に仕えて12万石の大名となり、豊臣姓と侍従の称号を授かり始終優遇されたとされ、近年有力視されている。
- The above is the conventionally accepted theory, but there is another theory which holds that the descendant of Ujitsuna ROKKAKU (the heir of Takayori and elder brother of Sadayori) survived under the aegis of Nobunaga, and that Yoshisato ROKKAKU (the old vassal of Yoshihide ROKKAKU, who was the father or elder brother, and the Kataimina (a name for a dead person)) served Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI to become a feudal lord of 120,000 koku, was given the Toyotomi cognomen and the title of palace staff and was consistently well treated, all of which has been the prevailing theory in modern times.
- 毛利氏は当主の夭折が続いたこともあり、勢力は一時衰えたが、興元の弟である毛利元就(52代)が当主となると、元就はその知略を尽くし一族の反乱や横暴な家臣を粛清、石見国の高橋氏など敵対勢力を滅ぼし、さらに有力国人である安芸国の吉川氏と備後国の小早川氏を養子により乗っ取るなど、勢力を拡大。
- Partly due to the successive premature deaths of their family heads, the power of the Mori clan was once weakened; however, when Motonari MORI (the 52nd) became the family head, he actively used his knowledge and strategies that enabled the clan to purge conflicts between families and tyrannical vassals and destroyed enemy forces, including the Takahashi clan of the Iwami Province, he further extended his power by taking over the powerful kokujin, Yoshikawa clan in the Aki Province and the Kobayakawa clan in the Bingo Province by the way of adoption.
- 16世紀に入ると、戦国の動乱の中で、本願寺教団は零細な農民から地侍、土豪などの武士階層に至るその組織力を武器に日本各地で活動を活発化させるが、山科本願寺は天文法華の乱により1532年に戦災にあい、第10代証如は摂津国西成郡(現在の大阪市)に蓮如が開いた石山御坊へと移り、石山本願寺とする。
- Following the dawn of the sixteenth century, amid the turmoil of Sengoku, the Honganji Buddhist sect engaged its activities in various regions in Japan using its power of organization, which was constituted by petty peasants up to samurai hierarchy such as the local samurai, the local ruling families and so on; however, in 1532 Yamashina Honganji Temple suffered damage due to the Tenbun-hokke-no-ran War, and therefore the tenth generation (Shonyo) moved to Ishiyama Gobo, which was opened in Nishinari-gun, Settsu-no-kuni (currently Osaka City) by Rennyo, which became Ishiyama Honganji Temple.
- 安土桃山時代後期・江戸初期の後陽成は自分の後継者が豊臣秀吉・徳川家康の2大権力者の思惑により擁立された事に不満を抱き、実子ながらこれらを廃して実弟の八条宮智仁親王に譲位しようとして豊臣政権や江戸幕府と衝突したが、最終的に家康の推す嫡男子の後水尾天皇に譲る事になったが長く親子間の不和が続いた。
- Emperor Goyozei, during the late Azuchi-Momoyama period and early Edo period, was frustrated as his successor was decided by two powerful leaders, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, he allowed his own child to abdicate from the throne and tried to have his younger brother, Hachijonomiya Imperial Prince Toshihito succeed to the throne, however, there was a conflict with the Toyotomi government and Edo bakufu, finally he decided to pass the throne to Emperor Gomizunoo, who was the eldest son and was recommended by Ieyasu, but an unpleasant relationship between the father and son continued.
- 「我らの信仰に依れば、人類の思想信仰の統一は結局人類が日本国体の霊力に目醒めた時初めて達成せられる。更に端的に云えば、現人神(あらひとがみ)たる天皇の御存在が世界統一の霊力である。しかも世界人類をしてこの信仰に達せしむるには日本民族、日本国家の正しき行動なくしては空想に終る。」とも主張した。
- He also said 'According to our belief, the unifying human belief is only possible when all the people in the world realize the spiritual power of Japan's national identity. To put it briefly, the existence of the Emperor (Arahitogami) as the spiritual power for the unified world. To make people all over the world believe this, we have to behave well as people and as a nation; otherwise it will end as a dream.'
- これにより旧幕府では薩摩打倒の機運が高まり、「薩摩の不法行為を誅する」とした上奏表(討薩表)を携え、京都を兵力で抑えるべく、旧幕府側の幕府歩兵隊、会津藩兵、桑名藩兵などが大阪から進軍し、薩摩藩・長州藩の軍勢と慶応4年1月3日 (旧暦)(1868年1月27日)、京都南郊外の鳥羽と伏見で衝突した。
- This incident gathered momentum among the former Shogunate to fight against the Satsuma Domain; with the statement to the Emperor declaring that they would avenge Satsuma's wrongs (to-satsu-hyo), the Shogunate infantry of the former Shogunate and warriors of the Aizu and Kuwana Domains advanced from Osaka to pacify Kyoto and they clashed with the forces of the Satsuma and Choshu Domains in Toba and Fushimi on the outskirts of southern Kyoto on January 27, 1868.
- その背景には皇太后が実子の竹田皇子の擁立を願ったものの、敏達の最初の皇后が生んだ押坂彦人大兄皇子(舒明天皇の父)の擁立論が蘇我氏に反対する勢力を中心に強まったために、馬子と皇太后がその動きを抑えるために竹田皇子への中継ぎとして即位したのだと言われている(だが、竹田皇子は間もなく死去してしまう)。
- Behind this, there is a story that the Empress Dowager hoped for enthronement of her biological son Prince Takeda, but because an opinion for enthronement of OSHISAKA no Hikohito no Oenomiko became stronger, centering around the opponents of the Soga clan and, in order to suppress that movement, Umako and the Empress Dowager decided that she be enthroned (however, before long, Prince Takeda passed away).
- 葛城氏2系統論を支持する研究者の中には、一連の政変で滅びたのは玉田宿禰系のみであって、葦田宿禰系は5世紀末までしばらく勢力を存続させていたと主張する議論もみられるが、それを示唆するような政治活動が記紀に一切記されていないため、蟻臣などもやはり外戚の押磐皇子と運命をともにしたのではないかと思われる。
- Some researchers, who hold the theory that the Katsuraki clan had two family groups, view that it was only Tamada no sukune's family who fell with the serial coup and Ashita no sukune's family survived until the end of the 5th century; however, there is no record that supports this view in the Nihonshoki nor the Kojiki, and it is thought that Ariomi followed the same path as his maternal relative, Prince Oshihano.
- だが、その即位は天皇個人が望んだ皇位継承ではなく(『日本後紀』によれば、大同元年5月1日(806年5月22日)に大伴親王(当時)が父帝の死を機会に臣籍降下を願い出て皇太子(平城天皇)に慰留されている)、更に有力貴族の後ろ盾のいない息子恒貞親王が仁明天皇の皇太子になったことに不安を抱いていたと言う。
- However, the succession to the throne wasn't Emperor Junna's intention (according to 'Nihon Koki,' on May 22, 806, when his father died, Prince Otomo asked to be removed from the Imperial Family, but he was dissuaded from resigning by the crown prince (Emperor Heizei)) and was worried that his son Prince Tsunesada, who lacked the support of court nobles, would become the crown prince of Emperor Nimmyo.
- 清和源氏以外に武家となった源氏としては、嵯峨源氏の源融を祖とする「融流嵯峨源氏」があり、嵯峨源氏の武家として系譜を伝えた代表は、摂津国を基盤とした渡辺氏とその分流の松浦氏であり、また宇多源氏の中で武家として近江国を基盤とした系統は近江源氏(佐佐木源氏)と称し、佐々木氏として有力武士団に成長していく。
- Another example of military Genji compared to Seiwa-Genji is 'Toru-ryu Saga-Genji' who originated from MINAMOTO no Toru of the Saga-Genji, and those who represented the clan as the warriors of Saga-Genji include Settu Province-based Watanabe clan and its branch Matsuura clan, and also those among Uda-Genji who were based in Omi Province were called Omi-Genji (Sasaki-Genji) and grew up to be the powerful samurai group known as the Sasaki clan.
- 明治31年(1898年)には、第一次大隈重信内閣の文部大臣尾崎行雄が、ある教育会の席上で藩閥勢力の拝金主義を攻撃した演説に「日本で共和制が実施されれば、三井・三菱は大統領となるだろう」とあったため問題となり、皇室制度の下にあって共和制を想定することは不敬にあたるとして辞任に追い込まれた(共和演説事件)。
- In 1898, Yukio OZAKI, the Minister of Education in the first Okuma Shigenobu Cabinet, made a speech in an educational meeting, attacking the greed of the domain clique by saying 'If a republic is established in Japan, Mitsui and Mitsubishi would be the president.' and this became a problem, because making an assumption of a republic under the system of Imperial Household was disrespectful, and he was forced into resignation (Kyowaenzetsu Jiken, or republic speech incident).
- (彼女にとって)長男田村皇子の有力生年から、彼女自身には伝わる事績は多いとはいえないが、崇仏や王位継承などを巡って対立した蘇我・物部両氏の二頭体制から、厩戸皇子が活躍したとされている推古朝、彼亡き後深まった蘇我氏の専横、大化の改新、対外戦争等と数多くの事件を見ながら当時としてはかなりの長寿を全うしたと思われる。
- She does not have numerous exploits to her credit but judging from the most convincing theory about the year of the birth of her son, the Prince Tamura, she seems to have lived a long life in those days going through various incidents, such as the diarchy system of the Soga clan and the Mononobe clan, which conflicted each other on the Buddha worship and the succession to the throne, the reign of the Empress Suiko, during which the Prince Umayado seemingly wielded great power, the despotism of the Soga clan which enforced after the demise of the Prince, the Taika Reforms, and the wars against other countries.
- その一方で、近年では宇多天皇が醍醐天皇に譲位して法皇となった後に天皇の病気に伴って実質上の院政を行っていた事が明らかになった事や、円融天皇が退位後に息子の一条天皇が皇位を継ぐと政務を見ようとしたために外祖父である摂政藤原兼家と対立していたという説もあり、院政の嚆矢を後三条天皇よりも以前に見る説が有力となっている。
- On the other hand, the view that insei started before the reign of Emperor Gosanjo has become more prevalent in recent years, since it is increasingly apparent that Emperor Uda conducted virtual insei after he abdicated to Emperor Daigo to become Hoo (法皇) as the result of the new Emperor's illness, and based on the view that Emperor Enyu was opposed to Kaneie FUJIWARA, a regent and his maternal grandfather, since Enyu tried to participate in political affairs after his abdication and succession of the throne by his son, Emperor Ichijo.
- 長州藩は没落して朝敵となるが、攘夷派であった孝明天皇の崩御、薩長同盟で薩摩と長州が密約を結ぶと、15代将軍の徳川慶喜は大政奉還を行い公議政体構築を目指すが、王政復古 (日本)により明治政府が成立、鳥羽伏見の戦いで旧幕府軍が敗北し、徳川慶喜に対する追討令が出ると、法的には幕府機構は消滅しているものの武力討幕運動が盛んになる。
- The Choshu clan toppled to become chouteki (朝敵), but after the death of Emperor Komei, who belonged to the sect that sought the expulsion of foreigners, Satsuma and Choshu concluded the Saccho Coalition (薩長同盟), and the fifteenth shogun, Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, seeking the establishment of the Kougi government, conducted the restoration of imperial rule; however, the Meiji Government was established through the acceptance of restoration of imperial rule (Japan), and upon the defeat of the former Bakufu army in the Battle of Toba Fushimi, the order to hunt down Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA was released, and even though the Bakufu structure was legally extinguished, the Tobaku movement through military power became active.
- 鎌倉末期から南北朝時代における安東氏の支配領域は、安藤宗季(上記の季久とする説が有力)による譲り状や安藤師季に対する北畠顕家安堵状によると、陸奥国鼻和郡絹家島、尻引郷、行野辺郷、蝦夷の沙汰、糠部郡宇曾利郷、中浜御牧、湊、津軽西浜以下の地頭御代官職となっており、現在の青森県地方のうち八戸近辺を除く沿岸部のほとんどと推定されている。
- It is supposed that, the Ando clan's territory during the late Kamakura period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts consisted of the major part of the coastal regions except for the vicinity of current Hachinohe, Aomori Prefecture, according to the documents such as a letter of concession by Munenori ANDO (the widely-accepted theory is that it was the same person as the above mentioned Suehisa) and Akiie KITABATAKE's certificate for the land directed to Morosue ANDO, in which it is mentioned that the clan was in charge of Jitoondaikan (deputy military governor) in Kinuka-jima, Shirihiki-go and Ikunobe-go, Ezo no sata of Hanawa County, Mutsu Province and in Usori-go, Nakahama-mimaki and Minato Tsugaru-nishihama of Nukabe County, Mutsu Province, and others.
- 1469年(文明元年)になると、大内氏の重臣で文武両道の名将として知られた益田兼堯が石見国で離反、九州の大友親繁・少弐政資とともに大内教幸を擁して西軍方の大内領に侵攻、この動きは鎮圧されたものの、1471年(文明3年)には守護代でありながら西軍の主力となっていた朝倉孝景が義政自らの越前守護職補任をうけて東軍側に寝返ったのである。
- By 1469, Kanetaka MASUDA, a high-ranking vassal of the Ouchi family and known as a general distinguished in both literary and military arts, severed from his lord in Iwami Province and, joining hands with Chikashige OTOMO and Masasuke SHONI in Kyushu, invaded Ouchi's territory on the Western side under the banner of Noriyuki OUCHI; though this action was subdued, in 1471 Takakage ASAKURA who, in spite of his status as shugodai (deputy shugo), had led the main force of the Western camp, was personally appointed by Yoshimasa to the position of shugo of Echizen and went over to the Eastern side.
- 安康暗殺の背景に葛城氏が直接関与していた可能性も指摘されているが、生前の安康は押磐皇子に後事を託そうとしていたという記述(雄略即位前紀)からすれば、むしろ安康(允恭系)と押磐皇子(履中系)・葛城氏との間には王位継承に関する妥協が成立していて、このことに強く反発した大泊瀬皇子が安康を含む敵対勢力の一掃に踏み切ったと解釈することも出来よう。
- It has been pointed out that the Katsuraki clan was involved in the assassination of Emperor Anko; however, there is a record that Emperor Anko was planning to hand over his future affairs to Prince Oshihano, which could mean that there was a compromise between the Emperor Anko (the Ingyo family), and Prince Oshihano (the Richu family) and Katsuraki clan, but Pince Ohatsuse was strongly opposed to this plan and decided to wipe out his opponents, including Emperor Anko.
- また、東福門院(徳川和子)に対する配慮から後光明天皇・後西天皇・霊元の3天皇の生母(壬生院園光子・逢春門院櫛笥隆子・新広義門院園国子)に対する女院号贈呈が死の間際(壬生院の場合は後光明天皇崩御直後)に行われ、その父親(園基任・櫛笥隆致・園基音)への贈位贈官も極秘に行われるなど、幕府の朝廷に対する公然・非公然の圧力が続いたとも言われている。
- Also, in consideration toward Tofukumonin (Masako TOKUGAWA), to the birth mothers of Emperor Gokomyo, Emperor Gosai and Emperor Reigen (Mibuin Mitsuko SONO, Hoshunmonin Takako KUSHIGE, Shinkogimonin Kuniko SONO), Nyoin go was presented just before they died (to Mibuin, Nyoin go was presented immediately after Emperor Gokomyo died) and their fathers (Mototo SONO, Takashi KUSHIGE, Motone SONO) were secretly given a special rank and position; it is said that the government maintained direct and indirect pressure upon the Imperial Palace.
- 当初、東軍が義政の支持を受けて「官軍」と号し、内裏や花の御所周辺から西軍を駆逐して皇室と義政を確保したこと、細川氏及びその支持者の領国が畿内周辺に集中していた事が幸いして戦いを有利に進めたが、 6月には細川領丹波国を制圧した山名軍8万が上洛、8月には周防から大内政弘が四国の河野通春ら7カ国の軍勢をはじめ、水軍を率いて入京、西軍が勢力を回復する。
- At first, the Eastern camp was dominant, favored by the circumstances that it called itself the 'imperial army' winning the support of Yoshimasa, that it drove the Western camp away from the surroundings of the Imperial Palace and Hana no Gosho to secure the Imperial Family and Yoshimasa and that the territories of the Hosokawa family and its supporters were concentrated in the surrounding areas of the capital; but by June Yamana's 80,000-member troops having conquered Hosokawa's Tanba Province had come up to Kyoto and by August Masahiro OUCHI had entered Kyoto, leading not only the troops of Michiharu KONO's and others' seven provinces in Shikoku, but also suigun (navy) squadrons, resulting in recovered power of the Western camp.
- 当主となる嫡子は山名氏・大内氏・将軍家・豊臣家などの有力者の偏諱を受け、「○元」(山名是豊の偏諱を受けた豊元、大内政弘の偏諱を受けた弘元、大内義興の偏諱を受けた興元、大内義隆の偏諱を受けた隆元、13代足利将軍義輝の偏諱を受けた輝元など)と名乗り、次男以降は(兄となる)当主の偏諱(元)を受けた形で「元○」(兄・興元の偏諱を受けた元就など)と名乗った。
- A legitimate child who was to become the family head was granted to use a portion of those names of the powerful clan members, such as from the Yamana clan, the Ouchi clan, the Shogun family, and the Toyotomi clan, and combine it with '元,' such as 'O元,' for example, '豊元,' (Toyomoto) '豊' from the first name of '山名是豊' (Koretoyo YAMANA), '弘元,' (Hiromoto) '弘' from the first name of '大内政弘' (Masahiro OUCHI), '興元,' (Okimoto) '興' from the first name of '大内義興' (Yoshioki OUCHI), '隆元,' (Takamoto) '隆' from the first name of '大内義隆' (Yoshitaka OUCHI), '輝元' (Terumoto), '輝' from the first name of the 13th Ashikaga Shogun '義輝' (Yoshiteru); and after the second son, naming by employing '元' from the headman's first name and adding another letter to it, such as, younger brother named '元就,' (Motonari) borrowing '元' from his older brother's first name '興元' (Okimoto).
- 本願寺は戦国時代 (日本)には一向一揆の広がりのもとで戦国大名に伍する勢力をもったことから、戦国大名のひとつに数えられ、また門主の法名 (浄土真宗)や諱に本願寺を冠して「本願寺顕如」、「本願寺光佐」というように呼ぶことがしばしばあるがあくまで呼称の便宜上であり、本願寺門主の家系が本願寺を家の名字・姓としたわけでも、本願寺氏という氏が存在したわけでもない。
- Interestingly, Hongan-ji Temple is counted among the warlords because it gained power equivalent to that of a warlord with the expansion of Ikko-ikki during the Sengoku period (Japan), and sometimes 'Kennyo HONGANJI' or 'Kosa HONGANJI' is used for Homyo (the Jodo Shinshu sect) of the monshu (chief priest) or for Imina with 'Honganji' being prefixed; however, it is used simply for the convenience of naming, as the family line of the monshu, the chief priest of Hongan-ji Temple, never used Honganji as a last name or surname and there was no clan called Honganji.
- だが、当時はまだこの状態を常に維持するための政治的組織や財政的・軍事的裏付けが不十分であり、平安時代中期には幼く短命な天皇が多く十分な指導力を発揮するための若さと健康を保持した上皇が絶えて久しかったために、父系によるこの仕組みは衰退し、代わりに母系にあたる天皇の外祖父の地位を占めた藤原北家が天皇の職務・権利を代理・代行する摂関政治が隆盛していくことになる。
- However, the political structure and financial/military support at that time were insufficient to maintain such a situation, and because many Emperors were young and short-lived in the middle of the Heian period, there was no Joko with the energy and health needed to exercise sufficient authority; consequently, this structure by which authority was exercised by the Emperor's father gradually declined and was eventually replaced by a system called Sekkan seiji (摂関政治), in which a member of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan exercised rights and performed duties in place of the Emperor, became widespread.
- 従来の学説では院庁において実際の政務が執られたとされていたが、鈴木茂男が当時の院庁発給文書に国政に関する内容が認められないことを主張し、橋本義彦がこれを受けて院庁政治論を痛烈に批判したため近年では、非公式の私文書としての側面のある院宣を用いて朝廷に圧力をかけ、院独自の側近を院の近臣として太政官内に送り込むことによって事実上の指揮を執ったとする見解が有力となっている。
- Earlier theories asserted that political affairs were in fact conducted at Incho, but Shigeo SUZUKI asserted that no details regarding national government could be seen in the documents issued by Incho at that time, and Yoshihiko HASHIMOTO, based on this fact, strongly criticized the view that political affairs were conducted at Incho; consequently, in recent years it has become the prevalent view that the In put pressure on the Imperial Court by using inzen, which had the aspect of a non-official document, and that by placing his aides in positions of general council of state he took virtual control of the government.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)になると、信濃小笠原氏は北朝 (日本)に属し、桔梗ヶ原の戦いで南朝 (日本)の宗良親王を破り吉野へ駆逐した戦功で、室町時代には一族が幕府の奉公衆や信濃の守護となり活躍したが、小笠原長秀が大塔合戦での敗北で守護職を罷免されるなど村上氏や諏訪氏などの有力国人の統制がうまくいかず、上杉氏や斯波氏に守護職を奪われ、強力な統治体制を整えることが出来なかった。
- n the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), the Shinano Ogasawara clan belonging to the Northern Court (Japan) defeated Imperial Prince Muneyoshi of the Southern Court (Japan) at the Battle of Kikyogahara and drove out in Yoshino, by which the clan played active role as hokoshu (the shogunal military guard) and Shinano shugo in the Muromachi period, however, because of out-of-control powerful local lords (kokujin) such as the Murakami clan and the Suwa clan, Nagahide OGASAWARA was defeated at the Battle of Oto and therefore the position of shugoshiki (provincial constable) was superseded by the Uesugi clan and the Shiba clan, and it couldn't lay out a strong controlling system.
- その傍証として、ワケ号を負う履中・反正とは根本的に異質な名であることや、この2天皇から病気を理由に愚か者として軽蔑されていて、即位が円滑に行われなかったという所伝、当時の有力豪族たる蘇我・葛城氏の系譜に、武内宿禰の子として若子宿禰という人物の存在が伝えられ、時代が重なること、さらには、倭王済(允恭)と倭王珍(反正に比定される)の血縁関係を記さない『宋書』の問題などが挙げられる。
- Collateral evidences for that include: a fact that his name is fundamentally different from those of Richu and Hanzei which bear the title of wake (which means 'coming into being'); a legend that he was despised by these two Emperors as a fool because of his illness and his accession to the throne did not proceed smoothly; a story told in genealogies of Soga and Katsuragi clans which were the influential Gozoku of the time that there was reportedly a person known as WAKUGO no Sukune who was a son of TAKENOUCHI no Sukune at a period which overlaps that of Ingyo; and a problem in the 'So-jo' (the Book of Song) that it does not describe any blood relationship between King Sai of Wa (Ingyo) and King Chin of Wa (identified with Hanzei).
- 九条道家ら公卿勢力は、順徳天皇の皇子である忠成王(仲恭天皇の異母弟)を擁立しようとしたが、執権北条泰時は、承久の乱の関係者の順徳上皇の皇子の擁立には反対の立場を示し、中立的立場であった土御門上皇の皇子の邦仁王を擁立しようとし、鶴岡八幡宮の御託宣があったとして邦仁王を擁立した(実は土御門定通の妻は泰時の異母妹であったため、邦仁王と北条氏とは縁戚関係にあったという特殊な事情もあった)。
- Michiie KUJO from one of the Court noble forces, tried to have Prince Tadanari (Emperor Chukyo's half younger brother), Emperor Juntoku's Prince, succeed to the throne, however, the regent, Yasutoki HOJO was against it since Retired Emperor Juntoku's Prince was involved in the Jokyu Disturbance, he then tried to have Retired Emperor Tsuchimikado's Prince, Prince Kunihito become Emperor and allowed the Prince to be enthroned by saying he received an oracle from Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gu Shrine (In fact, Sadamichi TSUCHIMIKADO's wife was Yasutoki's half younger sister, thus there was an unusual situation whereby the Prince Kunihito and Hojo clan were relatives to each others).
- 「大方の世の政事を始め、はかなき程の事まで御心にまかせぬ事なし(政治の上でのどんな些細なことでも女院の思いのままにならないことはなかった)」(『たまきはる』)とまで評された政治的発言力により、自身に近い人々である信範(叔父)、宗盛(猶子)、時忠・親宗(兄弟)の昇進を後押しした(ただし、嘉応の強訴では時忠・信範が解官、配流されていることから、その発言力も後白河を押さえるほどのものではなかったと思われる)。
- It was said in 'Tamakiharu' that 'there was nothing that Nyoin couldn't handle nor control concerning any small detailed issues about politics,' so whatever Shigeko said had a big influence on politics and she encouraged promotion for people close to her, like Nobunori (uncle), Munemori (adopted child), Tokitada, and Chikamune, (brothers). (However, because Tokitada and Nobunori, both lost their positions and were banished because of the Kao dispute, it was believed that Shigeko did not have enough political influence to stop Emperor Goshirakawa's political power.)