判事: 287 Terms and Phrases

• 判事
• judge
• judiciary
• Justice (of Supreme Court)
• chancellor
• Judges

• 判事補
• assistant judge
• judge-in-training
• Assistant Judges
• Assistant Judges.

• 判事席
• bench
• tribunal

• 主席判事
• chief judge

• 代行判事
• acting judge of a high court

• 予備判事
• supernumerary judge

• 単独判事
• single judge

• 治安判事
• Justice of the Peace
• magistrate

• 陪席判事
• associate judge

• 有給判事
• a stipendiary magistrate

• 治安判事の
• magisterial

• 判事執務室
• chambers

• 最高裁判事
• Supreme Court justice

• 判事補の権限
• Powers of Assistant Judge

• 判事補の職権
• Authority of Assistant Judges

• 判事の私室で
• in camera

• 腐敗した判事
• corruptible judges

• 治安判事裁判所
• magistrates' court

• 審判事件の表示
• the identification of the trial case; and

• 簡易裁判所判事
• summary court judge
• Judges of the Summary Court
• Judges of Summary Court

• 最高裁判所判事
• Supreme Court Justice

• 判事が言った。
• said the judge.

• 判事は聞いた。
• asked the judge.

• 判事は続けた。
• continued the judge,

• 判事は答えた。
• returned the judge.

• 予審法廷の判事
• a judge in a trial court

• 衡平法裁判所判事
• chancellor

• 判事補の任命資格
• Qualification for Appointment of Assistant Judges

• 判事が宣言した。
• he said.

• 判事補の権限の特例
• Special Provisions for Powers of Assistant Judge

• 判事補の職権の制限
• Limitations on the Authority of Assistant Judges

• 判事は繰り返した。
• resumed the judge,

• 2月、中判事に遷任。
• In February, he was transferred as Chu-hanji (Middle Judge).

• 遺言検認裁判所の判事
• a judge of a probate court

• 判事は思わず笑った。
• The judge laughed in spite of himself.

• 第五編　裁判事務の取扱
• Part V Conduct of Judicial Proceedings

• 治安判事でもあるんだ。
• I'm a magistrate;

• 判事は、本ならわかる。
• Judges understand books.

• 判事による罰金による罰
• punishable by a fine set by a judge

• 判事の判断が最終である
• the judge's decision is final

• 地獄における死人の判事
• a judge of the dead in the underworld

• 上級裁判所判事の管轄権
• the jurisdiction of a justiciar

• 町口大判事、町口下総守。
• He was called Machiguchi daihanji (a judge) and Machiguchi Shimousa-no-kami (the governor of Shimousa Province).

• 判事大属（正七位下相当）
• Hanji-Daisakan (secretary of judge, corresponding to Shoshichiinoge [Senior Seventh Rank, Lower Grade])

• 判事少属（正八位下相当）
• Hanji-Shosakan (junior secretary of judge, corresponding to Shohachiinoge [Senior Eighth Rank, Lower Grade])

• 簡易裁判所判事選考委員会
• Summary Court Judges' Selection Committee

• 簡易裁判所判事の任命資格
• Qualification for Appointment of Judges of the Summary Court

• 簡易裁判所判事の選考任命
• Appointment of Judges of the Summary Court

• オバディア判事は言った。
• said Judge Obadiah.

• 紳士で、治安判事だしな。
• --a gentleman and a magistrate.

• 判事が取り引きをする部屋
• a room where a judge transacts business

• ロサンゼルス郡最高裁判事。
• He is an American Los Angeles County Superior Court judge.

• 制限された力を持つ治安判事
• a local magistrate with limited powers

• 判事には時間を止めれない。
• The judge can't stop.

• オバディア判事が繰り返した。
• repeated Judge Obadiah.

• 君はあの判事を買収できない。
• You cannot buy that judge.

• 大判事（正六位下相当）- 一人
• Dai-Hanji (highest judge, corresponding to Shorokuinoge) - one person

• 少判事（従六位下相当）- 二人
• Sho-Hanji (lower judge, corresponding to Jurokuinoge [Junior Sixth Rank, Lower Grade]) - two people

• 中判事（正六位下相当）- 一人
• Chu-Hanji (middle judge, corresponding to Shorokuinoge) - one person

• 1890年に大審院判事に任官。
• In 1890, he was assigned to a judge of Daishin-in.

• 「私はイギリス人です、判事。」
• 'I am an English subject, sir,'

• 彼らの息子は有名な判事になった
• their son became a famous judge

• 治安判事の選挙でございます。」
• of a justice of the peace.'

• 同年横浜始審裁判所判事に任官。
• He was appointed as a judge of Yokohama District Court.

• 判事は彼に禁固１年を宣告した。
• The judge sentenced him to one year's imprisonment.

• 高等裁判所長官及び判事の任命資格
• Qualifications for Appointment of Presidents and Judges of High Courts

• 判事は驚いて二人を見つめていた。
• The judge stared with astonishment,

• 治安判事の、または、それに関して
• of or relating to a magistrate

• 彼は判事のようにとても厳めしい。
• He is as grave as a judge.

• 判事の声にあわせて、ドアが開いた。
• A door was swung open by order of the judge,

• 公正な判事は社会を支える基幹である
• incorruptible judges are the backbone of the society

• 最高判事は決して非ナチ化しなかった
• The highest judges were never denazified

• スペインの町の市長または治安判事長
• a mayor or chief magistrate of a Spanish town

• その訴訟の判事は公平ではなかった。
• The judge in the case was not fair.

• 判事ノ内一名書記ノ内一名ヲ日本人トス
• One of the justices and one of the secretaries shall be Japanese.

• 判事ノ内二名書記ノ内五名ヲ日本人トス
• Two of the justices and five of the secretaries shall be Japanese.

• 1874年2月、少判事に任じられる。
• In February 1874, he was appointed Sho-hanji (Second assistant to the Chief Judge).

• 彼らは彼を偉大な判事と見なしていた。
• They looked on him as a great judge.

• 判事は神経性の過労でくたくただった。
• The judge was exhausted from the nervous stain.

• 判事は別個の裁判で父と子を裁判にかけた
• The judge tried both father and son in separate trials

• 司法部は判事の論理性に基づいて成り立つ
• the judiciary is built on the reasonableness of judges

• と、翌朝、治安判事は刑事法廷で言った。
• said the Magistrate in the Police Court the next morning.

• 彼らは彼を偉大な判事だと見なしていた。
• They looked on him as a great judge.

• 判事は傍聴人に静かにするよう警告した。
• The judge bound the spectators to keep quiet.

• 彼女は法廷に判事と陪審員の前にたった。
• She stood in the court before judge and jury.

• 最高裁判所判事は、内閣でこれを任命する。
• Justices of the Supreme Court shall be appointed by the Cabinet.

• 当事者の一方への判事の関係を基にした異論
• an objection grounded on the judge's relationship to one of the parties

• 彼らは彼らを偉大な判事だとみなしていた。
• They looked on him as a great judge.

• 1月、大審院判事荒木博臣の長女志げと再婚。
• In January, he remarried Shige, the first daughter of Hakushin ARAKI, a Judge of Daishin-in (Predecessor of the Supreme Court of Japan).

• 弁護士は判事が申し立てを却下する予感がした
• the lawyer had a presentiment that the judge would dismiss the case

• あとのことは親切な治安判事がやってくれる。
• An accommodating magistrate would do the rest.

• ちなみにその判事というのは、王さまでした。
• The judge, by the way, was the King;

• 裁判事務心得（明治8年太政官布告第103号）
• Conduct of Judicial Proceedings (Dajokan Fukoku No. 103 of 1845)

• 最高裁判所判事の任免は、天皇がこれを認証する。
• The Emperor shall attest the appointment and removal of Justices of the Supreme Court.

• 審判長は、その審判事件に関する事務を総理する。
• The chief trial examiner shall preside over matters relating to the trial.

• 法制局参事官、司法省参事官、大審院判事を歴任。
• He held the posts of a councilor of the Cabinet Legislation Bureau, a councilor for the Ministry of Justice, and a judge of Daishin-in (Predecessor of the Supreme Court of Japan).

• 大判事を演じた、片岡仁左衛門 (13代目)の言葉
• Comment of Nizaemon KATAOKA the thirteenth, who played Daihanji

• 両花道を大判事と定高が歩き、途中で声を掛け合う。
• Daihanji and Sadaka walk on Hanamichi (passage through audience to stage) at each side, and speak to each other along the way.

• 判事ノ内二名檢事ノ内一名書記ノ内五名ヲ日本人トス
• Two of the justices, one of the prosecutors and five of the secretaries shall be Japanese.

• 各簡易裁判所に相応な員数の簡易裁判所判事を置く。
• A Summary Court shall have a necessary number of judges.

• 大学寮の博士や陰陽寮の陰陽師､刑部省の判事など。
• Honkan consisted of doctors at Daigakuryo, Onmyoji at Onmyoryo, judges at Gyoubusho, and the like.

• 商法司判事（兵庫在勤）、兵庫県会計官として出仕。
• He served as Judge of the Commercial Law Office (working in Hyogo) and Accounts Official of Hyogo Prefecture.

• 1871年（明治4年）11月 司法権大判事となる
• In November 1871, he was appointed daihanji (a judge).

• 1869年（明治2年）2月 会計官判事試補となる
• In February 1869, he became a trainee of audit commissioner.

• 「あれが判事ね、おっきなかつらをかぶってるもの」
• `That's the judge,' she said to herself, `because of his great wig.'

• 判事や解部の部局は刑部省からある程度独立していた。
• The departments of Hanji and Tokibe were regarded as different departments from Gyobu-sho to some degree.

• 裁判所は、裁判事務について、互に必要な補助をする。
• The courts shall provide the necessary mutual assistance in the conduct of judicial proceedings.

• 判決以外の裁判は、判事補が単独ですることができる。
• A judicial decision other than a judgment may be made by an assistant judge independently.

• バラモンたちは、判事の前にある所定の場所についた。
• The priests took their places in front of the judge,

• 「八時半に、オバディア判事の前に出てもらいます。」
• 'You will appear before Judge Obadiah at half-past eight.'

• （内務大臣から任命されて）事件を取り扱う有給の判事
• a paid magistrate (appointed by the Home Secretary) dealing with police cases

• 大判事清澄と太宰の後室定高は領地争いで対立している。
• Daihanji (senior judge) Kiyosumi and Sadaka, widow of Dazai, have a conflict over territory.

• 入鹿は大判事に連判状を渡し、父を追い詰め切腹させる。
• Iruka hands over the covenant to Daihanji and drives his father to commit seppuku.

• 4月には大坂から江戸に進駐し、江戸府判事を兼任する。
• He went to Edo (now Tokyo) from Osaka in April and was made a Justice of Edo-fu.

• 帰国後、司法省に入省し大審院判事を経て外務省へ転出。
• After returning home, he entered the Department of Justice and was transferred to Ministry of Foreign Affairs after filling a post of judge in Daishin-in (Predecessor of the Supreme Court of Japan).

• 被告人が審理中に保安係りのピストルを掴み判事を撃った。
• The defendant was about stand trial when he grabbed the deputy's gun and shot the judge.

• 判決以外の裁判は、判事補が一人でこれをすることができる。
• A decision other than a judgment may be made by an assistant judge.

• 2審で被告側は、判事らを鉱毒被害地に臨検させることに成功。
• The defense succeeded in making judges to inspect the mine-poisoned area.

• 官人判事（官人が自分が行った事務処理の誤りに気付いた場合）
• This Article 'Kanjin-hanji' (a government official becoming aware of his own mistakes) was made to refer to the case that any government official became aware of his own clerical mistakes.

• 調停のため司法権力により法廷に出席する治安判事または裁判官
• the magistrate or judge or judges sitting in court in judicial capacity to compose the court collectively

• その後許されて少判事、式部少輔を経て大学別当に任じられた。
• He was pardoned later on, and after serving as a Shohanji and Shikibu shoyu (Junior Assistant of the Ministry of Ceremonial), he was appointed as the Daigaku betto (head of the imperial university).

• 4月に外国官判事兼東京府判事となり通商司総括を命じられる。
• In April, he became Gaikokukan Hanji (a magistrate of Foreign Office) and concurrently Tokyo-fu Hanji (a magistrate of Tokyo Prefecture), and was appointed Tsushoshi Sokatsu (the head of Trade Agency).

• 判事補は、司法修習生の修習を終えた者の中からこれを任命する。
• Assistant judges shall be appointed from those who have completed the training as legal apprentices.

• 久安5年（1149年）に明法博士に任じられて大判事を兼ねる。
• In 1149, he was appointed to Myobo hakase (a teacher of the law in the Ritsuryo system), assuming daihanji (judge) additionally.

• 各地方裁判所は、相応な員数の判事及び判事補でこれを構成する。
• Every District Court shall consist of a necessary number of judges and assistant judges.

• 各家庭裁判所は、相応な員数の判事及び判事補でこれを構成する。
• Each Family Court shall consist of a necessary number of judges and assistant judges.

• 大総督府は長州藩士大村益次郎を軍防事務局判事として赴任させた。
• The supreme commander's office appointed Masujiro OMURA, a retainer of the Choshu Domain, as the Hanji (top job) of the Defense Secretariat (軍防事務局判事).

• 688年2月26日 (旧暦) 直広肆（従五位下）判事 (31)
• February 26, 688: Appointed as jikikoshi (the sixteenth grade of jikiko rank for vassals of the forty-eight grades of cap rank, which corresponded to Jugoinoge [Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade of Taiho Code]) judge (aged 31).

• 第二項又は第三項の引致状は、判事補が一人で発することができる。
• The warrant of arrest under paragraph (2) or (3) may be issued by an assistant judge him/herself.

• 移民判事が彼らを強制送還するよう命令した後、米国に留まる逃亡者
• a fugitive remaining in the United States after an immigration judge has ordered them deported

• 別の日に皇子が一人の判事と相談していたとき、皇子の脇息が折れた。
• On another date, during the Prince consulted with a hanji (judge), his armrest was broken.

• 判事が書記のかつらをかぶって、どうすれば名判決を出せるのかね。」
• how can a judge give a wise sentence in a clerk's wig?'

• 判事は、釘にかかっていたかつらを取って、あわただしく頭にのせた。
• He proceeded to take down a wig which was hanging on a nail, and put it hurriedly on his head.

• 翌明治2年（1869年）には軍務官判事、8月には兵部省に転ずる。
• He changed his position to officer of Gummukan Ministry in 1869 and to Hyobusho (ministry of military) in August.

• 1875年5月、五等判事に任じ大阪裁判所詰を命じられるが受けず。
• In May 1875, he was appointed a fifth grade Judge assigned to Osaka Court; however, he rejected it.

• 明治元年（1868年）に新政府に召されて刑法官権判事に就任した。
• Being called by the new government in 1868, he became an assistant judicial officer in a court.

• 第二十条の決定以外の裁判は、判事補が一人でこれをすることができる。
• An assistant judge alone may give a judicial decision excluding the ruling prescribed in Article 20.

• 簡易裁判所判事選考委員会に関する規程は、最高裁判所がこれを定める。
• Rules and regulations relating to the Selection Committee for Judges of Summary Courts shall be provided for by the Supreme Court.

• 結果、在日横浜英国領事館判事ハンネンより禁錮3ケ月の判決を受けた。
• As a result, Drake was sentenced to 3 months imprisonment from the judge Hannen of the British consulate of Yokohama.

• 1871年（明治4年）7月 廃藩置県により、判事として司法省に入る
• In July 1871, after the Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures), he joined the Ministry of Justice as a judge.

• この大判事の臓腑をえぐる名セリフ、ここが全編のクライマックスである。
• These famous heartbreaking lines of Daihanji are the climax of the whole play.

• 保全異議の申立てについての裁判は、判事補が単独ですることができない。
• A judicial decision on an objection to a temporary restraining order may not be made by an assistant judge independently.

• 最高裁判所は、各地方裁判所の判事のうち一人に各地方裁判所長を命ずる。
• The Supreme Court shall appoint one of the judges of each District Court as the President of the District Court.

• 各高等裁判所は、高等裁判所長官及び相応な員数の判事でこれを構成する。
• A High Court shall consist of a President and a necessary number of judges.

• フォッグ氏と二人の連れは、判事と書記に相対する位置にある席を占めた。
• Mr. Fogg and his two companions took their places on a bench opposite the desks of the magistrate and his clerk.

• どうかこれからわたしの裁判所の、名誉（めいよ）判事になってください。
• Please, from now on I hope that you will become an honorary judge in my court.

• 判事、両親または先生によって、雑用することから逃れるまたは罰を軽減する
• lightening a penalty or excusing from a chore by judges or parents or teachers

• 1868年 徴士参与職・国防事務局判事、軍務官判事、弾正大忠、弾正少弼
• In 1868: Choshi (able people recruited from among the best of the clansmen and the public by new Meiji Government to be assigned as councilors or directors in the government departments) sanyo-shiki (literally, councilor agency [government department between a ministry and a bureau under the ritsuryo system]), Kokubo (or Gunbo) jimukyoku-hanji (judge of the Military Defense Affairs Bureau), Gummukan-hanji (judge of the Military Affairs Office), Danjodai-daichu (an official in the Office of Prosecution, a police agency that mainly investigated political conspiracies), and Danjo-shohitsu (assistant director of the Office of Prosecution).

• 判事補は、同時に二人以上合議体に加わり、又は裁判長となることができない。
• Two or more assistant judges may not participate in a single panel at a same time, nor may any assistant judge be a presiding judge.

• その後すぐ、まるまると太ったオバディア判事が、書記を従えて入場してきた。
• Immediately after, Judge Obadiah, a fat, round man, followed by the clerk, entered.

• 不幸にもオバディア判事は、パスパルトゥーが思わず発した言葉を聞いていた。
• Judge Obadiah had unfortunately caught Passepartout's rash exclamation,

• 1868年（明治元年）には神祇官判事に任じられ、明治天皇の侍講となった。
• In 1868, he was appointed to Jingikan (Department of Divinities) hanji (a judge), and then to jiko (teacher) of the Emperor Meiji.

• 最高裁判所に最高裁判所長官秘書官一人及び最高裁判所判事秘書官十四人を置く。
• In the Supreme Court, there shall be one secretary to the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and fourteen secretaries to Justices of the Supreme Court.

• わたしのほうがよほど大きいと、きのうも判事さんがおっしゃったじゃないか。」
• I'm much bigger than you!Even the judge agreed with that yesterday!'

• 1869年（明治2年）5月 民部官判事試補、次いで民部官の聴訟司知事となる
• In May 1869, he became a trainee of director at the Ministry of Popular Affairs, and after that, was appointed director of civil suit affairs.

• 明治元年（1868年）に参与・内国事務局権判事に任命され、同2年少弁となる。
• In 1868 Takanaka was appointed Councilor (which is called 'sanyo' in Japanese) and Assistant Judicial Officer (which is called 'gonhanji' in Japanese) of the Department of Home Affairs (which is called the 'naikoku jimu kyoku), and became a Minor Controller (which is called 'shoben' in Japanese based on the ritsuryo system) in 1869.

• 彼の父親のトレヴォは、幾らか財産も名誉もある男で、治安判事で地主でもあった。
• ``Old Trevor was evidently a man of some wealth and consideration, a J. P., and a landed proprietor.

• 軽罪判事が群衆にその法律を読んだ後に解散するように要求するかつての英国の法律
• a former English law requiring mobs to disperse after a magistrate reads the law to them

• 全體ヲ通シテ判事ノ内三十二名書記ノ内八十名ヲ日本人トシ事務ノ繁閑ニ應シテ分配ス
• Thirty two of all justices and eighty of all secretaries shall be Japanese, and shall be allocated in proper proportions depending on the degree of work required.

• 11月には外国官判事になるとともに箱館府在勤を命ぜられ、従五位下に叙せられる。
• He also became Gaikokukan Hanji (a magistrate of Foreign Office) in November working at Hakodate Prefecture and was raised to Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade).

• 5月、会計官判事を命ぜられ、6月には会計官判事をもって大阪府在勤を命ぜられる。
• In May, he was appointed Kaikeikan Hanji (a magistrate of Accounting Office), and ordered to work at Osaka Prefecture as Kaikeikan Hanji in June.

• 新政府では内国事務権判事、河内県・兵庫県・奈良県・堺県の各県令・知事を歴任する。
• In the new government he served various positions such as internal office judge and the governor of Kawachi, Hyogo, Nara and Sakai Prefectures.

• 裁判所構成法、裁判所構成法施行条例、判事懲戒法及び行政裁判法は、これを廃止する。
• The Act of the Constitution of Courts, Regulations for the Effectuation of the Act of the Constitution of Courts, the Act of Disciplinary Action of Judges, and the Act of Administrative Court shall hereby be abrogated.

• 判事補は、他の法律に特別の定のある場合を除いて、一人で裁判をすることができない。
• Any assistant judge may not give judgments alone unless otherwise specially provided for by law.

• 1875年（明治8年）5月12日 二等判事として大審院長代理となる（院長は欠員）
• On May 12, 1875, he was appointed an acting Chief Justice as second-class judge (position of Chief Justice was vacant).

• 明治2年（1869年）には政府に出仕し聴訟司判事、箱館府権判事開拓判官を務める。
• In 1869, he came to work for the national government and later became a judge of Chosho-shi (court for civil suits), gonhanji (assistant judicial officer) of Hakodate-fu government and kaitaku hangan (magistrate of Hokkaido Development Commissioner).

• 明治維新に際しては明治元年（1868年）、徴士参与職、外国事務局判事に任ぜられた。
• At the time of the Meiji restoration in 1868, he was appointed to judge of foreign affairs, which was a position of Choshi sanyo (a councilor of the feudal retainer of the domain at government post).

• 1868年（慶応4年）5月 (旧暦)　維新政府に登用され、徴士、神祇官権判事に任命
• In June 1868, he was recruited by the restoration government, and appointed to Choshi (selected capable official in charge of deliberative proceedings) and Jingikan (officer of the institution for dedicating to religious ceremony) gonhanji (assistant judicial officer).

• そして、さらに条約改正案（外国人判事の任用など）が世間に知られると、大反対が起こった
• And it faced a fierce opposition when the proposals for revising treaties (for example, the appointment of foreign judges) became public.

• これによって、フォッグ氏たちが逮捕され、オバディア判事の前に連れてこられたのである。
• and this was how the party came to be arrested and brought before Judge Obadiah.

• 物あるいは人の治安判事による別の人への公式な裁定（彼の債権者への債務者の裁定として）
• a formal award by a magistrate of a thing or person to another person (as the award of a debtor to his creditor)

• 彼は弁護士からスタートし、ニューヨーク海事裁判所判事、連邦最高裁レポーターを歴任した。
• He started as a lawyer and experienced a judge in the New York Maritime Court and a reporter of the Supreme Court of the United States.

• 米国の建築家（イングランド生まれ）で、その作品には米国の議会と最高裁判所の判事室を含む
• United States architect (born in England) whose works include the chambers of the United States Congress and the Supreme Court

• 大江広元がその長官となり、康信は初代問注所執事（長官）として裁判事務の責任者となった。
• Hiromoto OE became the director of the office and Yasunobu became responsible for trial affairs as the first director of Monchujo.

• 前項の場合には、判事補は、同時に三人以上合議体に加わり、又は裁判長となることができない。
• In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, the panel may not contain three or more assistant judges simultaneously, and no assistant judge may serve as a presiding judge.

• 最高裁判所判事の員数は、十四人とし、下級裁判所の裁判官の員数は、別に法律でこれを定める。
• The number of Justices of the Supreme Court shall be fourteen and the number of judges of lower courts shall be determined by law separately.

• 判事の頭の上にかけてある大時計の針が、ものすごい勢いで回っているように見えていたからだ。
• for the hands on the face of the big clock over the judge seemed to go around with terriblerapidity.

• 治安判事はすでに、フィックスからの知らせを受けて、到着しだい逮捕しようと待ちかまえていた。
• The magistrates had been already warned by a despatch to arrest them should they arrive.

• 各地方裁判所の裁判官会議は、その全員の判事でこれを組織し、各地方裁判所長が、その議長となる。
• The Judicial Assembly of a District Court shall consist of all judges of the District Court, and the President of the District Court shall preside over it.

• 明治元年、神祇官判事に任じられ、明治天皇の侍講となり、ついで大學大博士に進み、大教正となる。
• In 1868 (the first year of the Meiji period), he was appointed to Jingikan Hanji (judge of the department of worship) and Jiko (teacher) of Emperor Meiji; later he became Daigaku Daihakusi (senior doctor of college), then finally became Daikyosei (the highest-ranking post of the department of worship).

• 1875年（明治8年）5月4日 大審院の設置（明治8年4月14日）に伴い、三等判事に任じられる
• On May 4, 1875, he was appointed as third-class judge when Daishin-in (Predecessor of the Supreme Court of Japan) was founded on April 14 of the year.

• 大津区裁を振り出しに神戸地方裁判所、大阪控訴院判事を歴任後、兵庫県神戸市で弁護事務所を開業した。
• After he held posts of a judge successively, at first a judge of Otsu Ward Court, next a judge of Kobe District Court, and then a judge of Osaka Court of Appeal, he opened a lawyer's office in Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture.

• 弘仁6年（815年）に明法得業生となり、天長7年（830年）に明法博士となり、後に大判事に遷る。
• He was selected as Myobo tokugyosho (a distinguished law student who won a scholarship) in 815 and became Myobo hakase (Professor of Law) in 830 and daihanji (a higher-rank judge) later.

• とホームズは言い、判事のような気分の時の習慣として、自分の肘掛け椅子に戻り、指先を組み合わせた。
• said Holmes, relapsing into his armchair and putting his fingertips together, as was his custom when in judicial moods.

• 四等官の他、品官として罪人を裁く判事が設置され、また罪人に対する糾問にあたる解部も設置されていた。
• Besides Shitokan (four classifications of bureaucrats' ranks), there were additional posts such as Hanji (Judicial Officer) for judging criminals as Honkan (a general term of government posts excluding Shitokan), as well as Tokibe that engaged in interrogating criminals.

• 最高裁判所の裁判官は、その長たる裁判官を最高裁判所長官とし、その他の裁判官を最高裁判所判事とする。
• The justices of the Supreme Court shall comprise the chief justice, who is called the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and other justices, who are called Justices of the Supreme Court.

• 容疑者に窃盗の前科があるという証拠から、警察判事は略式起訴を拒否、事件は巡回裁判の手に委ねられた。
• Evidence of a previous conviction for robbery having been given against the prisoner, the magistrate refused to deal summarily with the offence, but referred it to the Assizes.

• 審判官は、審判手続を経た後、審判事件についての決定案を作成し、内閣総理大臣に提出しなければならない。
• A hearing examiner shall, after carrying out a hearing procedure, prepare a draft decision on the heard case and submit it to the Prime Minister.

• 明治維新成った後は新政府に仕え、明治元年（1868年）には東京府判事、ついで鎮将府弁事に任命される。
• After the Meiji Restoration was accomplished, Hijikata served for the new government, and in 1868, he was appointed as Tokyo-fu (Tokyo government office) Hanji (judge), and then Chinsho-fu (pacification commander government office) Benji (official).

• 代表的な品官としては中務省に属する侍従や内記・監物、刑部省に属する判事 (律令制)などが挙げられる。
• The representative honkan included jiju (Imperial Household Agency staff), naiki (secretary of the Ministry of Central Affairs), and kenmotsu (a auditor Nakatsukasa sho, the Ministry of Civil Affairs), who were belonged to Nakatsukasasho (Ministry of Central Affairs), a judge (in the ritsuryo system) who belonged to Gyobusho (Ministry of Justice) and so on.

• それで医者に言って人手を集めてもらって、判事だのそんなやつらだ、それで医者は、このベンボウ提督亭でう。
• and tell him to pipe all hands--magistrates and sich--and he'll lay 'em aboard at the Admiral Benbow

• 当初、問注所は訴訟に対する裁判事務は行わず、武家棟梁である源頼朝へ訴訟事案を進達することを任務としていた。
• In the beginning, the Monchu-dokoro did not handle the judicial administration pertaining to lawsuits, but simply conveyed to MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, the head of samurais, the details of lawsuits.

• その後は伊予松山藩裁判所判事として松山に赴任したが、明治10年（1877年）2月26日、食中毒で頓死した。
• After that, he served as a judge in the Iyo-Matsuyama Domain court, but died suddenly of food intoxication on February 26, 1877.

• 最高裁判所長官及び最高裁判所判事の任命は、国民の審査に関する法律の定めるところにより国民の審査に付される。
• The appointment of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and of Justices of the Supreme Court shall be reviewed by the people in accordance with the law relating to national referendum.

• 問題になっている訴訟事件に直接関係がなく、従って拘束力のない法律の問題点に関する判事によって表明される意見
• an opinion voiced by a judge on a point of law not directly bearing on the case in question and therefore not binding

• これに伴い大島は、外国官判事・小松清廉らと会見、外交刷新について協議するとともに、対馬藩への援助を求めた。
• Having an interview with Kiyokado KOMATSU the officer of Foreign Affairs Council, OSHIMA discussed diplomacy reforms and requested monetary support for Tsushima Domain.

• 明治維新後は、慶応4年（1868年）、新政府の参与・制度取調局判事となり、福岡孝悌と『政体書』起草に携わる。
• After the Meiji Restoration, in 1868 he became a junior councilor (sanyo) and an officer of the Seido Torishirabekyoku (Department for Institutional Investigation) in the new government, and assisted Takachika FUKUOKA in drafting 'The 1868 Constitution.'

• 明治元年（1868年）2月、王政復古 (日本)により成立した明治新政府の軍防事務局判事加勢として朝臣となる。
• In February 1868, Omura was appointed a choshin of Gunbo Jimukyoku Hanji (the 3rd post of the newly created military ministry) in the government of the newly restored to power Emperor Meiji.

• 裁判所の記録に記入される法的に拘束力のある命令または決定（あたかも裁判所または判事によって発行されたような）
• a legally binding command or decision entered on the court record (as if issued by a court or judge)

• 高等裁判所長官、判事、判事補及び簡易裁判所判事は、最高裁判所の指名した者の名簿によつて、内閣でこれを任命する。
• The Cabinet shall appoint presidents of High Courts, judges, assistant judges, and judges of Summary Courts from a list of persons nominated by the Supreme Court.

• 怒った蝦夷は妻を斬り、入鹿に謀反の連判状を渡すよう詰め寄るが、蝦夷謀反の取り調べに大判事清常と安倍中納言が来る。
• Emishi, getting furious, kills his wife and tells Iruka to hand over the covenant of rebellion, but then Daihanji Kiyotsune and ABE no Chunagon (middle councilor ABE) come to investigate the rebellion of Emishi.

• 審判書記官は、審判事件に関し、調書の作成及び送達に関する事務を行うほか、審判長の命を受けて、その他の事務を行う。
• The trial clerk shall undertake affairs relating to the preparation of the trial record and service for each trial case and, upon the order of the chief trial examiner, undertake any other affairs relating thereto.

• やがて落ち着きを取り戻したが、それは判事が、保釈金としてそれぞれ千ポンドを預けるように宣告したのを聞いたからだ。
• but he resumed his composure when he heard the judge announce that the bail required for each prisoner would be one thousand pounds.

• その後、参与職外国官判事・長崎裁判所判事・九州鎮撫使参謀・外国事務局判事・外国官判事・外務大丞（外務大臣の直下）
• He was later appointed as Sanyo and officer of Foreign Affairs Council, magistrate of Nagasaki court, staff to the envoy pacifying Kyushu region, officer of Foreign Affairs Bureau, officer of Foreign Affairs Council, and Senior Secretary of the Foreign Ministry (immediate subordinate of Foreign Minister).

• 例えば太政官の左右中弁や小弁、八省の大輔、大判事、職の大膳大夫、近衛府の少将、衛門府、兵衛府の督などが挙げられる。
• As examples, cited are Uchuben and Sachuben (Middle Controllers of the Right and of the Left) and Koben (Small Controllers) of the Daijokan (Grand Council of State), various Taifus (chiefs) of the Hassho (eight ministries and agencies), Daihanji (a judge), Daizen no daibu (Master of the Palace Table) of Shiki, Shosho (Minor Captain) of Konoefu (the Headquarters of the Inner Palace Guards), and Captain of Emonfu (Headquarters of the Outer Palace Guards) and Konoefu.

• 浄瑠璃でも、上手と下手に太夫と三味線が別れ、それぞれ大判事と定高を演じるステレオタイプの構成で音楽的にも優れている。
• Also in the Ningyo Joruri version, it has excellent music and the stereotyped structure that Tayu (chanters) and shamisen players are divided into Kamite and Shimote, playing Daihanji and Sadaka respectively.

• 846年、僧善愷（ぜんがい）の裁判事件でと法理を争い、左大弁正躬王（まさみおう）ら同僚の5人の弁官全員を失脚させる。
• In 846, he challenged Sadaiben (Major Executive Officer of the Left) Masamio on the principle of law at the time of the Case of Priest Zengai and brought down five of his co-worker benkan, including Masamio.

• その死に際しては「卒性廉勤にして、治体に習ひ家を興し、少判事に補す」、「公務の間、ただ書を見ることを悦ふ」と評された。
• People appreciated his personality and said, 'He was honest and diligence, and was granted a post called Shohanji because of a great achievement as a governor and the head of the family,' and 'He was happy as long as he could read books while on duty,' after his death.

• 最高裁判所長官秘書官は、最高裁判所長官の、最高裁判所判事秘書官は、最高裁判所判事の命を受けて、機密に関する事務を掌る。
• The secretary to the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court shall, as ordered by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and secretaries to Justices of the Supreme Court shall, as ordered by the Justices of the Supreme Court, administer confidential affairs.

• また判事ときたら、例のイギリスの法律家のびっくりするような人間性や生活についての無知蒙昧で、陪審員をよく惑わせるのです。
• while the judges, with that extraordinary want of knowledge of human nature and life which continually astonishes us in English lawyers, often help to mislead them.

• しかも彼はその田舎地方では、慈悲心と親切心とで有名であり、彼の判事席からかける言葉のやさしいことは、周知の所だったのだ。
• Yet he had a reputation for kindness and charity on the countryside, and was noted for the leniency of his sentences from the bench.

• 下級裁判所の裁判官は、高等裁判所の長たる裁判官を高等裁判所長官とし、その他の裁判官を判事、判事補及び簡易裁判所判事とする。
• The judges of lower courts shall be chief judge of High Court, who is called the President of High Court, and other judges, who are called judges, assistant judges, and judges of the Summary Court.

• 長崎県判事兼九州鎮撫使参謀助役をつとめ、1870年に外務省権大丞、1872年に外務大丞を経て、同年、新潟県令として就任する。
• He served in the Nagasaki prefectural judiciary and as an assistant in the Kyushu peace keeping office; and was a senior secretary in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1870 until 1872 when he became governor of Niigata Prefecture.

• 上記の矛盾を解決するため明治2年2月、外国官判事兼会計御用掛大隈重信の建白により、造幣局 (日本)が設立されることとなった。
• In order to resolve the discrepancy mentioned above, Mint Bureau (Japan) was established by the petition of Shigenobu OKUMA, an officer of Foreign Affairs Council, an accountant and Goyo-gakari (a general affairs official of the Imperial Household) in February 1869.

• 内閣総理大臣は、各審判事件について、前項本文の合議体を構成する審判官又は同項ただし書の一人の審判官を指定しなければならない。
• The Prime Minister shall designate the hearing examiners to constitute the panel set forth in the main clause of the preceding paragraph or the single hearing examiner set forth in the proviso to the same paragraph for each hearing case.

• 高等裁判所長官及び判事は、次の各号に掲げる職の一又は二以上に在つてその年数を通算して十年以上になる者の中からこれを任命する。
• President and judges of High Courts shall be appointed from those who have held one or more of the following positions for ten years or longer:

• 明治元年（1868年）に新政府が樹立されると、大隈・副島・江藤らとともに出仕し、徴士、参与、軍務官判事、東京府知事などを務めた。
• When a new government was established in 1868, he entered government service with Okuma, Soejima and Eto and held posts such as Choshi (government officer), Sanyo (senior councilor), Gummukan Hanji (military judge) and governor of Tokyo Prefecture.

• 元号が代わって明治元年（1868年）10月28日遠国奉行明治初期の府の設置と変遷判事に任じられ、新政府高官としての活躍が始まる。
• On October 28, 1868 after the new era began, he was appointed to constitute prefecture at the beginning of Meiji, Nichien Province magistrate, and to be a judge to start working as a high official of the new government.

• 米国の法律専門家で、1972年から1986年まで、裁判長に任命されるまでの間、連邦最高裁判所の陪席判事を勤めた（1924年生まれ）
• United States jurist who served as an associate justice on the United States Supreme Court from 1972 until 1986, when he was appointed chief justice (born in 1924)

• 問注所は当初、訴訟・裁判事務全般を所管したが、訴訟事案の増加に伴い、次第に事案が滞り始め、事務処理の迅速化が求められるようになった。
• As the Monchujo, which at first was responsible for lawsuits and judicial affairs in general, could no longer cope with the increasing number of lawsuits, much faster handling of the cases was called for.

• 第一項の訂正の請求がされた場合において、その審判事件において先にした訂正の請求があるときは、当該先の請求は、取り下げられたものとみなす。
• Where a request for correction under paragraph (1) is made, if another request for correction has been previously made in the said trial, such previous request shall be deemed to have been withdrawn.

• そして明治元年（1868年）、茲監が明治維新政府神祇官の要職につくに及び、微士神祇事務局権判事となり、主に神祇制度の復興確立に尽力した。
• When Koremi assumed the important post of Jingikan (senior official at the Ministry of Divinities) for the Meiji restoration government in 1868, Bisei was appointed as a Gonhanji (assistant judicial officer) of the Jingi Jimukyoku (Shintō Worship Bureau), where he greatly contributed to the restoration and establishment of the Jingi system (Ministry of Divinities system).

• 双方の親が子を手にかけ手真似で知らせたり、雛鳥の首を雛祭りの道具の乗せて定高が川に流し、大判事が弓で受け取る場面は悲壮感溢れる名場面である。
• It has great scenes, full of tragic atmosphere, where both parents kill their children and inform the other of it, Sadaka floats the head of Hinadori in the river with instruments displayed for the Girl's Festival, and Daihanji receives it with a bow.

• 政府は、インターネットやフロッピーディスク、ファックスや電話といった派手な現代技術についてなら、判事数人の目をくらませることはできるだろう。
• The government might be able to pull the wool over a few judges' eyes about jazzy modern technologies like the Internet, floppy disks, fax machines, telephones, and such.

• 最高裁判所及び下級裁判所の判事は、善行を保持する限り、その職を保ち、またその役務に対し定時に報酬を受ける。その額は在職中減ぜられることはない。
• The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office.

• 明治元年（1868年）閏4月1日、大木喬任（軍務官判事）と江藤新平（東征大総督府監軍）が、佐賀藩論として「東西両都」の建白書を岩倉に提出した。
• On April 1, 1868, Takato OKI (Gunmukan Hanji (officer of Gunmukan Ministry)) and Shinpei ETO (army supervisor for Tosei-daitokufu) submitted a Kyoto and Tokyo petition to Iwakura as an Argument for the Saga clan.

• そら例の『グロリア・スコット』の怪事件なんだが、それからこの手紙は、治安判事のトレヴォが、それを読んで、恐怖のため死んでしまった手紙なんだよ」
• These are the documents in the extraordinary case of the Gloria Scott, and this is the message which struck Justice of the Peace Trevor dead with horror when he read it.''

• 真ん中の河の流れを中心に、舞台上手は背山で大判事の屋敷＝男の世界、下手の妹山は定高の屋敷＝女の世界、また床の浄瑠璃もそれぞれ上手、下手に分かれる。
• The center as a river, the stage is divided into Kamite (the right-hand side as seen from audience seats) as the Mansion of Daihanji on Mt. Se, the world of man, and Shimote (the left-hand side as seen from audience seats) as the Mansion of Sadaka on Mt. Imo, the world of woman, and also Joruri players on the musicians' stage are divided into Kamite and Shimote.

• 司法卿によって任命された玉乃世履判事らは同年7月5日に判決案を作成し司法省に伺いを立て、司法省では、これを受けて7月17日に太政官に伺書を提出した。
• Judge Yofumi TAMANO and other officers assigned by the Shihokyo (Predecessor of the Minister of Justice) wrote a decision draft and asked for the Ministry of Justice's opinions on July 5 in the same year, then the Ministry of Justice submitted a document to ask an opinion and direction to the Daijokan on July 17.

• 国内の裁判所における訴訟事件（刑事に関するものを除く。）、非訟事件、家事審判事件、民事執行事件、民事保全事件その他民事に関する事件の手続についての代理
• representation in regard to procedures of lawsuit (except a criminal case), a non-litigation case, a family court case, a civil execution case, a case involving civil preservation or other civil cases, in a court in Japan.

• 戊辰戦争が一段落した新政府が設置した江戸鎮台においては長官の下の6人の判事の1人として会計局判事に任命され、民政や会計、財政、都市問題などを担当する。
• Shinpei was appointed one of the six accounting office judges under the Kami (director) of Edodhindai (the civil court in Edo) which was established by the new government after the dust of the Boshin War had settled, and he was responsible for government policy, accounting, finances and urban issues.

• 外相大隈重信による交渉（明治21年（1888年） - 明治22年（1889年））：大審院にのみ外国人判事を採用することがロンドンタイムズ紙にリークされる
• Negotiations conducted by Foreign Minister Shigenobu OKUMA (1888 - 1889): The planned recruitment of judges from foreign countries to the post at Daishin-in (Predecessor of the Supreme Court of Japan) was leaked to the London Times.

• 明治新政府においては、明治元年（1868年）3月に外国事務局御用掛、4月に外国官、5月に大阪府判事試補、9月に越後府判事続いて東京府判事兼外国掛となる。
• He held a number of posts in the new Meiji government: Gaikoku Jimukyoku Goyo-gakari (a general affairs official of Office for Foreign Affairs) in March 1868; Gaikokukan (an official of Foreign Office) in April; Osaka-fu Hanji-shiho(a probationary magistrate of Osaka Prefecture) in May; Tokyo-fu Hanji (a magistrate of Tokyo Prefecture) and concurrently Gaikoku-gakari (a government official of foreign affairs) following Echigo-fu Hanji (a magistrate of Echigo Prefecture) in September.

• 政府が人々にたいして、本を書いたり頒布したり販売したりするのを禁止するというのは、なにか怪しげなことが行われているのだ、というのも、判事たちは理解できる。
• They understand that when the government denies people the ability to write, distribute, or sell books, there is something very fishy going on.

• 欧州視察後､明治元年（1868年）に明治新政府の参与職外国事務掛となり、外国官権判事、大阪府権判事兼任として大阪に赴任し、堺事件などの外交処理にあたった。
• After visiting Europe, he became a Sanyo (junior councilor) of foreign affairs office under the new Meiji government in 1868, and he worked at Osaka to serve as Assistant Judicial Officer of foreign affairs office and Osaka prefectural judge and handled diplomatic issues including Sakai incident.

• 定高は中村梅玉 (3代目)、中村歌右衛門 (6代目)、大判事は片岡仁左衛門 (11代目)、中村吉右衛門 (初代)、尾上松緑 (2代目)が当たり役としていた。
• The famous actors for Sadaka are Baigyoku NAKAMURA the third and Utaemon NAKAMURA the sixth, and for Daihanji, Nizaemon KATAOKA the eleventh, Kichiemon NAKAMURA the first and Shoroku ONOE the second.

• また、判事席の横、同じ高さに検事席が設けられているに対し、弁護人席が一番低い位置に設けられているなど、当時の司法制度の特徴を端的に表わすつくりとなっている。
• The seats for prosecutors are placed beside those for judges but those for defense attorneys are located in the lowest place, plainly showing a feature of the judicial system at that time.

• 境内にはインド独立50周年を記念し、極東国際軍事裁判にて、ただ一人、被告全員の無罪を唱えたインド代表判事ラダ・ビノード・パールの顕彰碑などが建立されている。
• The 50th anniversary of the independence of India is commemorated within the precinct and there is a monument honoring the Indian judge Radha Binod Pal, the lone justice on the International Military Tribunal for the Far East to find all the defendants not guilty.

• 高等裁判所は、裁判事務の取扱上さし迫つた必要があるときは、その管轄区域内の地方裁判所又は家庭裁判所の判事にその高等裁判所の判事の職務を行わせることができる。
• A High Court may have a judge of a District Court or a Family Court within its jurisdictional district over which the said High Court has jurisdiction, serve as a judge of the High Court, when there is urgent necessity for the conduct of judicial proceedings.

• 審判長は、前項に規定する場合を除き、審判事件に係る手続について、次の各号の一に該当するときは、相当の期間を指定して、その補正をすべきことを命ずることができる。
• Excluding the case as provided in the preceding paragraph, the chief trial examiner may order the demandant to amend a procedure pertaining to the trial, designating an adequate time limit, in any of the following cases:

• 簡易裁判所判事は、高等裁判所長官若しくは判事の職に在つた者又は次の各号に掲げる職の一若しくは二以上に在つてその年数を通算して三年以上になる者の中からこれを任命する。
• Judges of the Summary Court shall be appointed from those who have been the President of High Court or judges of a High Court, or who have held one or more of the positions referred to in the following items for three years or more.

• 審判長は、審判事件に係る手続（審判の請求を除く。）において、不適法な手続であつてその補正をすることができないものについては、決定をもつてその手続を却下することができる。
• In the procedures pertaining to a trial case (excluding a request for a trial), the chief trial examiner may, by a ruling, dismiss procedures that are unlawful and not amendable.

• 「多くの裁判事件で同じような訴えでも強い者が勝ち、弱い者が負ける不公平を無くし、身分の高下にかかわらず、えこひいき無く公正な裁判をする基準として作ったのがこの式目である。
• Yasutoki wrote, 'This Shikimoku was produced as the criteria by which to abolish the unfairness that persons with power win and persons without power lose for nearly the same charges in many lawsuits, and to hold fair trials without any favoritism regardless of the positions of such persons.'

• 1886年、第1次伊藤内閣の外務大臣 (日本)井上馨が条約改正のための会議を諸外国の使節団と改正会議を行うが、その提案には関税の引き上げや外国人判事の任用など譲歩を示した。
• In 1886, Kaoru INOUE, Minister of Foreign Affairs (Japan) in The First Ito Cabinet, held a meeting for revision of a treaty with delegation from foreign countries, and the proposal in the meeting included some compromises such as raising tax and employment of foreign judges.

• でも、この自由な国で、紙にインクをのせただけでだれかを牢屋にぶちこんだり、処罰したりするというのが憲法にてらして正しいかどうか、という点については、ごまかされる判事はいないだろう。
• But they are unlikely to fool the judges about whether it's constitutional to jail or punish someone for putting ink onto paper in this free country.

• 王政復古の後は、内国事務局権判事となり、平田銕胤らと結んで大学寮（漢学所）を国学を中心とする大学官に併合することを求めるなど、きわめて保守的な立場に立ち、徐々に岩倉らとの距離を深めた。
• After the Restoration of Imperial Rule was achieved, he became an internal office judge and took an extremely conservative stance, for example, together with Kanetane HIRATA, he required Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system) (Kangakusho [the Chinese Learning Place]) be annexed to the Daigakukan which centers on the study of Japanese classical literature, and thus gradually deepened a gap between Iwakura and others.

• 知的財産高等裁判所が知的財産高等裁判所における裁判事務の分配その他の司法行政事務を行うのは、知的財産高等裁判所に勤務する裁判官の会議の議によるものとし、知的財産高等裁判所長が、これを総括する。
• The Intellectual Property High Court shall, through the discussions of the Meeting comprised of the judges serving the Intellectual Property High Court and under the general supervision of the President, assign the court cases and perform other judicial administrative matters of the Intellectual Property High Court.

• 弁護士オリヴァー・ウェンデル・ホームズ(後にハーバード大学教授、マサチュウセッツ州最高裁判事、その後、連邦最高裁判事)に師事し、ヘンリー・スイフトとラスル・クレイの共同法律事務所に通い勉強する。
• He studied under lawyer Oliver Wendell Holmes (later a professor of Harvard university and the Supreme Court justice of Massachusetts State, then the Associate Justice) and also worked for study in a law firm run jointly by Henry Swift and Russell Clay.

• 特許庁長官は、各審判事件（第百六十二条の規定により審査官がその請求を審査する審判事件にあつては、第百六十四条第三項の規定による報告があつたものに限る。）について審判書記官を指定しなければならない。
• The Commissioner of the Patent Office shall designate the trial clerk for each trial case (in the case of a trial case for which a request is to be examined by the examiner in accordance with Article 162, limited to a trial case in which a report has been submitted under Article 164(3)).

• なお今日演じられるのは1941年（昭和16年）9月歌舞伎座上演、岡鬼太郎演出、初代吉右衛門の大判事・三代目梅玉の定高、三代目時蔵の久我之助、六代目中村歌右衛門の雛鳥によるテキストが底本となっている。
• The play performed today is based on the performance at the Kabuki-za Theater in September 1941, interpreted by Onitaro OKA, with Kichiemon the first as Daihanji, Baigyoku the third as Sadaka, Tokizo the third as Koganosuke and Utaemon NAKAMURA the sixth as Hinadori.

• 国是綱目（こくぜこうもく）は、明治2年（1869年）1月に当時の兵庫県知事であった伊藤博文が、県幹部3名（中島信行・田中光顕・何礼之）及び大阪に赴任中の会計官権判事の陸奥宗光とともに提出した建白書。
• Kokuzekomoku was a petition that Hirobumi ITO who was a governor of Hyogo Prefecture submitted it with three executives of Prefecture (Nobuyuki NAKAJIMA, Mitsuaki TANAKA, Noriyuki GA) and Finance officer/ judge, Munemitsu MUTSU who was in Osaka.

• 多年司法事務にたずさわり、その他簡易裁判所判事の職務に必要な学識経験のある者は、前条第一項に掲げる者に該当しないときでも、簡易裁判所判事選考委員会の選考を経て、簡易裁判所判事に任命されることができる。
• Persons who have been engaged in judicial affairs for many years, or who possesses the knowledge and experience necessary for performing the duties of a judge of Summary Court may be appointed as judges of Summary Court by the Selection Committee of the Summary Court through the selection process even if they do not fall within the categories of persons prescribed in paragraph 1 of the preceding Article.

• 彼らを裁いた判事・玉乃世履によると、主犯の島田一郎以外はこの暗殺の趣意を知らず、ただ島田に「この人を除く事が御国のため」と洗脳されて犯行に及ぶに至ったと思われるという（東京日日新聞・明治11年6月1日）。
• According to Yofumi TAMANO, the judge who judged them,it seems that all but the principal offender, Ichiro SHIMADA did not know the objective of the assasination and commited the crime because they were brainstormed by SHIMADA to believe that 'it was for the country to get rid of this person' (Tokyo Daily Newspaper, June 1st, 1878).

• 「嫁入り道具、行器、長持犬張子、小袖箪笥の幾さおも、命ながらへ居るならば、一世一度の送り物、五丁七丁続く程」の華やかにも悲しい床の浄瑠璃に合わせ、定高は雛鳥の首を雛人形とともに川に流し大判事に受け取らせる。
• Sadaka floats the head of Hinagiku with Hina-ningyo (dolls and miniature instruments displayed at the Girls' Festival) in the river to send it to Daihanji, while gorgeous yet sad Joruri (dramatic narrative chanted to a shamisen accompaniment) is played on the musicians' stage; it chants, 'marriage furniture, food box, container, papier-mache dog, and many chests (these are all the instruments included in Hina-ningyo). If she was alive, they would have been real presents once in life, lined up for five or seven cho (distance unit; a cho is about 109 m).'

• 東京控訴院判事、横浜地方裁判所部長、水戸地方裁判所所長、東京控訴院部長を経て、明治33年（1900年）大学の3年先輩である鈴木馬左也の推挽によって住友に入り、明治35年（1902年）別子鉱業所支配人となる。
• After working as a judge of Tokyo Appellate Court, a department director of Yokohama District Court, an office manager of Mito District Court and a department director of Tokyo Appellate Court, he joined Sumitomo with help from Masaya SUZUKI in 1902 and became the manager of Besshi Mining Company in 1902.

• その凄惨さに、立ち会っていたフランス軍艦長プティ・トゥアール（Petit Thouars）は、（フランス人の被害者数と同じ）11人が切腹したところで外国局判事五代才助に中止を要請し、結果として9人が助命された。
• Petit Thouars, the chief of French warship, saw this dreadful sight and requested Saisuke GODAI, a judge of foreign affairs, to stop the execution after the eleventh Tosa retainers was executed (the same figures as French casualties), resulting in saving nine retainers' lives.

• 簡易裁判所において裁判事務の取扱上さし迫つた必要があるときは、その所在地を管轄する地方裁判所は、その管轄区域内の他の簡易裁判所の裁判官又はその地方裁判所の判事に当該簡易裁判所の裁判官の職務を行わせることができる。
• When there is an urgent necessity to conduct judicial proceedings in a Summary Court, the District Court with jurisdiction over the territory of said Summary Court may have a judge of another Summary Court within the same territory or of the said District Court serve as a judge of the former Summary Court.

• 同年 黒田清隆が組閣すると大隈は留任するが、外国人判事を導入するという条約案が反対派の抵抗に遭い、明治22年（1889年）には国家主義組織玄洋社の一員である来島恒喜に爆弾による襲撃を受け、右脚を失うとともに、辞職した。
• When Kiyotaka KURODA formed a cabinet in the same year, Okuma continued in office, but the treaty plan which included the introduction of foreign judges was resisted by opposing factions, and Okuma was attacked with a bomb by Tsuneki KURUSIMA, a member of the Nationalist organization Genyosha in 1889, lost his right leg and resigned.

• 地方裁判所において裁判事務の取扱上さし迫つた必要があるときは、その所在地を管轄する高等裁判所は、その管轄区域内の他の地方裁判所、家庭裁判所又はその高等裁判所の裁判官に当該地方裁判所の裁判官の職務を行わせることができる。
• If there is an urgent necessity in performing judicial proceedings in a District Court within the district over which a High Court has jurisdiction, said High Court may have a judge of another District Court or a Family Court within the said district or of the said High Court perform duties of a judge of the said District Court.

• 神戸事件（1月11日）や堺事件（2月15日）においては、モンブランは新政府の外交顧問格として、外国事務局判事の五代友厚を支え、パークスやレオン・ロッシュ（フランス公使）との交渉を担うなど、京都において新政府の外交を助けた。
• In the Kobe incident (January 11) and the Sakai incident (February 15), Montblanc, with the rank of diplomacy advisor to the new government, supported Tomoatsu GODAI, an officer of the Department of Foreign Affairs, and also took charge of negotiating with Parks and Léon Roches (the French envoy) and helped the new government in diplomatic matters.

• 特許庁長官は、各審判事件（第百六十二条の規定により審査官がその請求を審査する審判事件にあつては、第百六十四条第三項の規定による報告があつたものに限る。）について前条第一項の合議体を構成すべき審判官を指定しなければならない。
• The Commissioner of the Patent Office shall designate the trial examiners constituting a panel under Article 136(1) for each trial (for a trial that is to be examined by an examiner under Article 162, limited to the case where a report is submitted under Article 164(3)).

• 前項の規定により当該高等裁判所のさし迫つた必要をみたすことができない特別の事情があるときは、最高裁判所は、他の高等裁判所又はその管轄区域内の地方裁判所若しくは家庭裁判所の判事に当該高等裁判所の判事の職務を行わせることができる。
• In case there exist special circumstances that make it impossible to meet the urgent necessity of the High Court by way of the measures set forth in the preceding paragraph, the Supreme Court may have a judge of another High Court or a judge of a District Court or a Family Court within the district over which the same High Court has jurisdiction to serve as a judge of said High Court.

• 出版の問題に関しては、イギリスの法は今日でもチューダー朝時代と同様、卑屈ですが、暴動を恐れて大臣や判事が礼節を逸脱するような一時的パニックの期間を除き[1]、この法が実際に政治的議論にたいして施行される危険はほとんどありません。
• Though the law of England, on the subject of the press, is as servile to this day as it was in the time of the Tudors, there is little danger of its being actually put in force against political discussion, except during some temporary panic, when fear of insurrection drives inisters and judges from their propriety;

• 1886年（明治19年）、井上は東京において諸外国の使節団と改正会議を行うが、井上案は関税の引き上げや外国人判事の任用など譲歩を示したため、政府内で農商務大臣谷干城や法律顧問ギュスターヴ・エミール・ボアソナードらからの反対意見を受けた。
• In 1886, INOUE held the conference of revision with the delegation of the foreign countries in Tokyo, and proposed an appeasement plan such as to raise tariffs and to appoint foreign judges, so that he was opposed by the Minister of Agriculture and Commerce Tateki TANI and the government counsel Gustave Emile BOISSONADE.

• 同じ時期からひと月以内に、オールド・ベイレイで、二人の人が、二つの別々の時に[3]、陪審員になるのを拒否されましたが、そのうちの一人は、彼らが神への信仰を全く持っていないと正直に言明したために、判事と弁護人の一人から、ひどく侮辱されました。
• Within a month of the same time, at the Old Bailey, two persons, on two separate occasions, 3 were rejected as jurymen, and one of them grossly insulted by the judge and by one of the counsel, because they honestly declared that they had no theological belief;

• 三年以上第一項第六号の大学の法律学の教授又は准教授の職に在つた者が簡易裁判所判事、検察官又は弁護士の職に就いた場合においては、その簡易裁判所判事、検察官（副検事を除く。）又は弁護士の職に在つた年数については、前項の規定は、これを適用しない。
• In cases where a person has held a position as a professor of law or associate professor of law of a university referred to in item 6 of paragraph 1 for three years or more, and also has held a position as a judge of Summary Court, public prosecutor (excluding an assistant prosecutor) or attorney, the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall not apply with respect to the period of service in latter positions.

• 判事や陪審員は、個性になにか価値を認めるどころか、つまりどうでもよい事では、各個人は自分の判断と性向にとって良いと思われるように振舞うという権利を尊重するどころか、健全な状態の人間はこうした自由を求めるものだということさえ、理解できないのです。
• So far from setting any value on individuality―so far from respecting the right of each individual to act, in things indifferent, as seems good to his own judgment and inclinations, judges and juries cannot even conceive that a person in a state of sanity can desire such freedom.

• 審判長は、前二項の規定により、審判事件に係る手続について、その補正をすべきことを命じた者がこれらの規定により指定した期間内にその補正をしないとき、又はその補正が第百三十一条の二第一項の規定に違反するときは、決定をもつてその手続を却下することができる。
• The chief trial examiner may dismiss the procedure by a ruling where a person ordered to make an amendment to a procedure pertaining to a trial fails to make such amendment within the time limit designated under the preceding two paragraphs or where such amendment is made in violation of Article 131-2(1).

• 外相井上馨による交渉（明治15年（1882年） - 明治21年（1888年））：鹿鳴館の建設による欧化政策、裁判所に外国人判事を採用など→ギュスターヴ・エミール・ボアソナードや谷干城、国粋主義者の反発、ノルマントン号事件に対する不首尾もあり、井上辞任。
• Negotiations conducted by Foreign Minister Kaoru INOUE (1882 - 1888): Measures to Europeanize such as construction of Rokumeikan Hall and installment of judges from foreign countries at the court were proposed but due to objections raised by Gustave Emile BOISSONADE, Tateki TANI and the nationalist group in addition to the unfortunate handling of the Normanton Incident, Inoue resigned.

• 前項の規定により当該簡易裁判所のさし迫つた必要をみたすことができない特別の事情があるときは、その簡易裁判所の所在地を管轄する高等裁判所は、同項に定める裁判官以外のその管轄区域内の簡易裁判所の裁判官又は地方裁判所の判事に当該簡易裁判所の裁判官の職務を行わせることができる。
• In cases due to special circumstances the urgent necessity of the Summary Court may not be satisfied by way of the measures set forth in the preceding paragraph, the High Court with jurisdiction over the place of the said Summary Court may have a judge other than the judges prescribed in the same paragraph, of a Summary Court or a District Court within the district over which the said High Court has jurisdiction, perform duties of a judge of said Summary Court concerned.

• この法律施行前における法務庁の各長官、法務庁事務官及び法務庁教官の在職は、裁判所法第四十一条、第四十二条（判事補の職権の特例等に関する法律第一条第二項において準用する場合を含む。）及び第四十四条の規定の適用については、それぞれ法務府の各長官、法務府事務官及び法務府教官の在職とみなす。
• Tenure of office of each of Chiefs of the Attorney-General's Bureau, officials of the Attorney-General's Bureau and educational officials of the Attorney-General's Bureau before effectuation of this Act shall respectively be regarded as the tenure of office of each of Chiefs of the Attorney-General of the Attorney-General's Office, officials of the Attorney-General's Office, and educational officials of the Attorney-General's Office for the purpose of the application of the provisions of Article 41, Article 42 (including the case where the same Article applies mutatis mutandis under Article 1, paragraph 2 of the Act concerning the Exceptions to the Authority of Assistant Judges, etc.) and Article 44 of the Court Act.

• これは日本の律令制が省・職・司・寮それぞれに一定の独立性を持たせたこと、加えて律令制以前に存在していた独立していた官司（監物・判事など）を従来の独立性を維持させたまま、強引に特定の省の管轄に加えたために生じたとされ、特に朝廷内部の事務一般を管轄した中務省には多くの品官が集中することになった。
• It was because in Japanese ritsuryo system, each sho (Ministry), shiki (agency), tsukasa (office) and ryo (bureau) had a certain independence, in addition, it is said that it arose since government officials (such as kenmotsu and a judge) which had existed and been independent before the ritsuryo system were forced to be added into jurisdiction of a specific sho with keeping the traditional independence, and as a result, many honkan gathered especially in the Nakatsukasasho which took charge of general affairs within the Imperial Court.

• だが、明治天皇の東京行幸を目前に控えて大隈は直ちに京都からパークスのいる横浜市に動くことは出来ず、大隈は外国官知事伊達宗城（宇和島藩）らと協議の結果2月5日に内外に向けて近いうちに新貨幣を発行することを発表し、パークスには神奈川県知事を兼務していた外国官判事寺島宗則が宥めるように指示している。
• However, as Emperor Meiji's Tokyo Gyoko (Emperor's going out to Tokyo) was nearing, OKUMA could not immediately move from Kyoto to Yokohama City where Parkes was, so he and others such as foreign governor Munenari DATE (Uwajima Domain) had a conference, resulting in an announcement to Japan and foreign countries on February 5, that they would issue new currency in the near future, and for Parkes, he instructed officer of Foreign Affairs Council Munenori TERASHIMA, who was also the governor of Kanagawa Prefecture, to appease.

• この法律は、昭和二十四年一月一日から施行する。但し、裁判所法第十四条の二、第五十六条の二、判事補の職権の特例等に関する法律第二条の二及び裁判所職員の定員に関する法律第六条の規定並びに裁判所法第十条、第六十三条第一項及び裁判所職員の定員に関する法律第四条を改正する規定は、この法律公布の日から施行する。
• This Act shall become effective as of January 1, 1949; provided, however, that the provisions of Articles 14-2 and 56-2 of the Court Act, Article 2-2 of the Act concerning the Exceptions to the Authority of Assistant Judges, etc., Article 6 of the Act concerning the Limit of Number of Court Officials, and the provisions amending Article 10 and Article 63, paragraph 1 of the Court Act and Article 4 of the Act concerning the Limit of Number of Court Officials shall become effective as of the day of promulgation of this Act.

• また、『続日本後紀』承和 (日本)13年11月14日 (旧暦)（壬子/846年12月6日）条に引載されたいわゆる「善愷事件」（弁官伴善男が、弁官局で長年行われてきた慣例上の行政処理を僧尼令違反であるとして同僚弁官5名全員を告発した事件）における大判事讃岐永直・明法博士御輔長道・左大史川枯勝成による3通の勘文が知られている。
• Three kanmon written by daihanji (judge) SANUKI no Naganao, Myobo hakase 御輔長道 and Sadaishi (senior recorder of the left) 川枯勝成 in the so-called 'Zengai Jiken'(described in the article of December 6, 846 of 'Shoku Nihon Koki' (Later Chronicle of Japan Continued)), in which benkan Yoshio TOMONO accused all of his five fellow benkan of violating Soni ryo (Regulations for Monks and Nuns) in their customary public administration which had been implemented for many years, are well known.

• だが、一向に新政府からの音沙汰がないのに不満を抱いた伊藤は、薩長土肥の藩主が版籍奉還の上表を行ったという報を聞きつけ、部下である県判事の中島、権判事の田中、同じく英学者で県出仕（顧問に相当する）の何と相談して建白書の提出を図り、これに偶々伊藤と面識を持った陸奥も加わって5人連名で提出したのが6ヶ条からなる『国是綱目』であった。
• However, Ito was frustrated because he had not heard a word from the new government, and once he caught a news that the lord of the domains (Satsuma, Choshu, Tosa, Hizen) submitted the memorial to the emperor that they would return their lands and people to the emperor, Ito planned to submit the petition with his subordinates, Nakajima (Assistant Judicial Officer), Tanaka (Assistant Judicial Officer), Ga (Scholar of English, served for prefecture as an advisor), and also Mutsu who happened to get to know Ito joined them, and they all submitted in their five joint names 'kokuzekomoku' which was composed of the six points.

• 『仮名手本忠臣蔵』の大星由良之助、『伽羅先代萩』の荒獅子男之助、『勧進帳』の武蔵坊弁慶、『博多小女郎浪枕』の毛剃、『暫』の鎌倉権五郎、『助六所縁江戸櫻』の花川戸助六、『天紛衣上野初花』の河内山宗俊、『助六』の大口屋暁雨、『菅原伝授手習鑑』の菅原道真や武部源蔵、『増補桃山譚』の加藤清正、『妹背山婦女庭訓』の大判事やお三輪など、当り役も数多い。
• Many of his star roles were as follows: Arajishi Otokonosuke in'Kanadehon Chushingura' (The Treasury of Loyal Retainers), Musashibo Benkei in'Kanjincho,' Kesori in 'Hakata Kojoro Namimakura,' Gongoro KAMAKURA in 'Shibaraku,' Hanakawado Sukeroku in 'Sukeroku Yukarino Edozakura,' Soshun KOCHIYAMA in 'Kumonimagou Ueno no Hatsuhana,' Gyou OGUCHIYA in 'Sukeroku,' SUGAWARA no Michizane and Genzo TAKEBE in 'Sugawara Denju Tenanai Tekagami,' Kiyomasa KATO in 'Zoho Momoyama Monogatari,' a daihanji or Omiya in 'Imoseyama Onna Teikin' and so on.

• この法律の施行前における法務府の各長官、法務総裁官房長、法務府事務官及び法務府教官の在職は、裁判所法第四十一条、第四十二条（判事補の職権の特例等に関する法律第一条第二項において準用する場合を含む。）及び第四十四条、検察庁法第十九条、弁護士法第五条並びに司法書士法第二条の規定の適用については、それぞれ法務省の事務次官、法務事務官及び法務教官の在職とみなす。
• Tenure of office as each Chief in the Attorney-General's Office, Secretary General of the Attorney-General's Office, officials of the Attorney-General's Office, and educational officials of the Attorney-General's Office before effectuation of this Act shall respectively be regarded as the tenure of office as Vice-Minister of the Ministry of Justice, law officials of the Ministry of Justice, and education officials of the Ministry of Justice for the purpose of the application of the provisions of Article 41, Article 42 (including the case where the same Article is applied mutatis mutandis under Article 1, paragraph (2) of the Act concerning the Exceptions to the Authority of Assistant Judges, etc.) and Article 44 of the Court Act, and Article 19 of the Public Prosecutor's Office Act, Article 5 of the Attorney Act and Article 2 of the Judicial Scrivener Act.
• Tenure of office as each Chief in the Attorney-General's Office, Secretary General of the Attorney-General's Office, officials of the Attorney-General's Office, and educational officials of the Attorney-General's Office before effectuation of this Act shall respectively be regarded as the tenure of office as Vice-Minister of the Ministry of Justice, officials of the Ministry of Justice, and education officials of the Ministry of Justice for the purpose of the application of the provisions of Article 41, Article 42 (including the case where the same Article is applied mutatis mutandis under Article 1, paragraph 2 of the Act concerning the Exceptions to the Authority of Assistant Judges, etc.) and Article 44 of the Court Act, and Article 19 of the Public Prosecutor's Office Act, Article 5 of the Attorneys Act and Article 2 of the Judicial Scrivener Act.

• この法律の施行前における裁判所書記官研修所教官の在職は、裁判所法第四十一条、第四十二条（判事補の職権の特例等に関する法律（昭和二十三年法律第百四十六号）第一条第二項において準用する場合を含む。）及び第四十四条、検察庁法（昭和二十二年法律第六十一号）第十九条並びに弁護士法（昭和二十四年法律第二百五号）第五条の規定の適用については、裁判所職員総合研修所教官の在職とみなす。
• Tenure of offices as Professors of the Court Clerk Research and Training Institute shall be deemed as the tenure of office as professors of the Training and Research Institute for Court Officials with respect to the application of the provisions of Articles 41, 42 of the Court Act (including application mutatis mutandis under Article 1, paragraph (2) of the Act concerning the Exceptions to the Authority of Assistant Judge (Act No. 146 of 1948)) and Article 44 of the same, Article 19 of the Public Prosecutor's Office Act (Act No. 61 of 1947) and Article 5 of the Attorney Act (Act No. 205 of 1949).
• Tenure of offices as Professors of the Court Clerk Research and Training Institute shall be deemed as the tenure of office as professors of the Training and Research Institute for Court Officials with respect to the application of the provisions of Articles 41, 42 of the Court Act (including application mutatis mutandis under Article 1, paragraph 2 of the Act concerning the Exceptions to the Authority of Assistant Judge (Act No. 146, 1948)) and Article 44 of the same, Article 19 of the Public Prosecutor's Act (Act No. 61, 1947) and Article 5 of the Attorneys Act (Act No. 205, 1949).

• 五年以上前項第一号及び第二号に掲げる職の一若しくは二に在つた者又は十年以上同項第一号から第六号までに掲げる職の一若しくは二以上に在つた者が判事補、裁判所調査官、最高裁判所事務総長、裁判所事務官、司法研修所教官、裁判所職員総合研修所教官、法務省の事務次官、法務事務官又は法務教官の職に在つたときは、その在職は、同項の規定の適用については、これを同項第三号から第六号までに掲げる職の在職とみなす。
• For the purpose of the application of the provisions of the preceding paragraph, if persons who have held the positions referred to in items 1 and 2 of the preceding paragraph for at least five years, or one or more of the positions referred to in items 3 through 6 of the preceding paragraph for not less than ten years, also have held positions of assistant judge, research law clerk, secretary general of the Supreme Court, court administrative official, professor of the Legal Training and Research Institute, professor of the Training and Research Institute for Court Officials, Administrative Vice-Minister of the Ministry of Justice, law official of the Ministry of Justice, or law instructor of the Ministry of Justice, then, such position shall be deemed to be those referred to in items 3 through 6 of the said paragraph.

• 第二十二条第七号に掲げる債務名義のうち和解若しくは調停（上級裁判所において成立した和解及び調停を除く。）又は労働審判に係るもの（第一号の二に掲げるものを除く。）　和解若しくは調停が成立した簡易裁判所、地方裁判所若しくは家庭裁判所（簡易裁判所において成立した和解又は調停に係る請求が簡易裁判所の管轄に属しないものであるときは、その簡易裁判所の所在地を管轄する地方裁判所）又は労働審判が行われた際に労働審判事件が係属していた地方裁判所
• The title of obligation set forth in Article 22(vii) which relates to a settlement or a mediation (excluding a settlement or a mediation concluded at an upper instance court) or to labor tribunal judgment (excluding that set forth in item (i)-2):　The summary court, district court or family court where the settlement or the mediation was concluded (or, if the claim relating to the settlement or the mediation concluded at a summary court is not under the jurisdiction of the summary court, the district court having jurisdiction over the location of the summary court) or the district court before which the labor tribunal case was pending when the labor tribunal judgment was made

• 三年以上前条第一項第六号の大学の法律学の教授又は准教授の職に在つた者が簡易裁判所判事、検察官又は弁護士の職に就いた場合においては、その簡易裁判所判事、検察官（副検事を除く。）又は弁護士の職に在つた年数については、前項の規定は、これを適用しない。司法修習生の修習を終えないで簡易裁判所判事又は検察官に任命された者の第六十六条の試験に合格した後の簡易裁判所判事、検察官（副検事を除く。）又は弁護士の職に在つた年数についても、同様とする。
• In cases where a person has held a position as professor of law or associate professor of law of universities referred to in item 6 of paragraph 1 of the preceding Article for three years or more, and afterward served as judge of Summary Court, public prosecutor (excluding an assistant prosecutor) or attorney, the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall not apply to the period of the service. In cases where a person has been appointed judge of Summary Court, or public prosecutor without having completed the training of a legal apprentice, the same shall apply to the period of his or her service as the judge of Summary Court, public prosecutor (excluding an assistant prosecutor), or attorney after he or she passed the examination prescribed in Article 66.

• 大統領は、上院の助言と同意を得て、条約を締結する権限を有する。ただし、この場合には、上院の出席議員の3分の2の賛同が必要である。また大統領は、大使、その他の外交使節及び領事、最高裁判所判事、並びに本憲法にその任命に関する特別の規定がなく、また法律によって設置される他のすべての合衆国公務員を指名し、上院の助言と同意を得て、これを任命する。ただし、連邦議会は、その適当と認める下級公務員の任命権を、法律によって、大統領のみに、司法裁判所に、又は各省の長官に与えることができる。
• He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments.

• 　　　　　　　　　ねずみ犬にこ 　　　　　　　　　　たえて言う 　　　　　　　　　　　　には「だん 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　さん、陪審 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　も判事もい 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　ないそんな 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　裁判なぞ、 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　するだけ息 　　　　　　　　　　　　　のむだです 　　　　　　　　　　　　　がな」
• Said the mouse to the cur, 'Such a trial, dear Sir, With no jury or judge, would be wasting our breath.'

• 前項の調停の事件、同項の労働審判手続、同項の仲裁手続又は同項の責任裁定の手続が調停の成立、労働審判（労働審判法第二十九条において準用する民事調停法（昭和二十六年法律第二百二十二号）第十六条の規定による調停の成立及び労働審判法第二十四条第一項の規定による労働審判事件の終了を含む。）、仲裁判断又は責任裁定（公害紛争処理法第四十二条の二十四第二項の当事者間の合意の成立を含む。）によらないで終了したときは、債権者は、その終了の日から第一項の規定により定められた期間と同一の期間内に本案の訴えを提起しなければならない。
• When a conciliation case set forth in the preceding paragraph, labor tribunal proceedings set forth in said paragraph, arbitration proceedings set forth in said paragraph or award on liability proceedings set forth in said paragraph is closed, with no conciliation or labor tribunal judgment being reached or made (including the case where conciliation is not reached under the provision of Article 16 of the Civil Conciliation Act (Act No. 222 of 1951) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the provision of Article 29 of the Labor Tribunal Act, and the case where a labor tribunal case is closed under the provision of Article 24, paragraph (1) of the Labor Tribunal Act) or with no arbitration judgment or award on liability being made (including the case where an agreement between the parties is not reached set forth in Article 42-24, paragraph (2) of the Act for the Settlement of Environmental Pollution Disputes), the obligee shall file an action on the merits within the same period as the period specified under the provision of paragraph (1) from the date of the close of the case or proceedings.

• 司法修習生となる資格を得た後に簡易裁判所判事、検察官、裁判所調査官、裁判所事務官、法務事務官、司法研修所、裁判所職員総合研修所若しくは法務省設置法（平成十一年法律第九十三号）第四条第三十六号若しくは第三十八号の事務をつかさどる機関で政令で定めるものの教官、衆議院若しくは参議院の議員若しくは法制局参事、内閣法制局参事官又は学校教育法（昭和二十二年法律第二十六号）による大学で法律学を研究する大学院の置かれているものの法律学を研究する学部、専攻科若しくは大学院における法律学の教授若しくは准教授の職に在つた期間が通算して五年以上になること。
• After acquiring the qualification to become a legal apprentice, to have served, in total, not less than five years as a judge of a summary court, a public prosecutor, a research law clerk, a court administrative official, a law official of the Ministry of Justice, an instructor at the Legal Training and Research Institute, the Research and Training Institute for Court Officials or government organ, as prescribed by Cabinet Order, in charge of the practices set forth in items (xxxvi) or (xxxviii) of Article 4 of the Act for Establishment of the Ministry of Justice (Act No. 93 of 1999), a member of the House of Representatives or of the House of Councilors or a councilor (Sanji-kan) of the Legislative Bureau of the House of Representatives or of the House of Councilors, a councilor (Sanji-kan) of the Legislative Bureau of the Cabinet, or as a professor or associate professor of law at a department, major course or graduate school for the study of law at a university as stipulated by the School Education Act (Act No. 26 of 1947) that has a graduate school for the study of law;

• 「お 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　れが判事で 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　おれが陪審」 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　とずるい老犬。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　「おれが全 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　件さばき 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　つくし、 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　きさまに 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　死刑を 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　宣告し 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　てくれる。」
• 'I'll be judge, I'll be jury,' Said cunning old Fury: 'I'll try the whole cause, and condemn you to death.''