Honyaku Star - Search: 初めに

初めに: 198 Terms and Phrases

初めに
to begin with (used as an introduction)
first of all
in the beginning
initially
to start with ~

月初めに
at the beginning of the month

手初めに
at first
at the outset
beginning

仮初めにも
for a moment
even as a joke
even in the slightest degree
ever
never

夏の初めに
early in summer

夏の初めに多い
often abundant early in the summer

古いものを初めに
oldest first

新しいものを初めに
latest first

初めに、言葉があった。
In the beginning was the Word.

木は今年初めに実を結んだ
the trees fruited early this year

尿の流れ初めにおける障害
difficulty in beginning the flow of urine

「それではまず初めに、」
'Then I must begin,'

彼女は来月の初めに東京に着く。
She will arrive in Tokyo at the beginning of next month.

神、初めに天と地を創り給えり。
In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.

初めに、みなさんに感謝します。
To start with, I want to thank you all.

初めに、我々には今お金がない。
To begin with, we have no money now.

文の初めには大文字が用いられる。
A capital letter is used at the beginning of a sentence.

彼らは５月の初めに大阪に着いた。
They arrived in Osaka at the beginning of May.

手初めにこれをやってみましょう。
Let's do this as a first step.

20世紀初めに存在した米国の小政党
a former minor political party in the United States in the early 20th century

彼は７月初めにロンドンへ向かった。
He set out for London early in July.

この方は、初めに神とともにおられた。
He was with God in the beginning.

多くの人々は、20世紀の初めに移住した
Many people immigrated at the beginning of the 20th century

朝鮮半島には16世紀初めにもたらされた。
Yomeigaku was introduced into the Korean Peninsula in the early 16th century.

あなたはそれを初めに言っとくべきだった。
You should have mentioned it at the outset.

彼は一番初めに来た、だから良い席がとれた。
He came first. Therefore he got a good seat.

初めに投票 [$1] に投票してください。
Please vote for poll [$1] first.

初めに焚く香を主香、次に焚く香を従香という。
The first incense to burn is called shuko (main incense), and the next one to burn is called juko (sub incense).

まず、初めに、この本を読まなければならない。
First of all, you have to read this book.

ではまず初めに立つ位置を選ばなければなりません。
And, first of all, we must choose our positions.

1874年初めには征韓を掲げる佐賀の乱が勃発した。
At the beginning of 1874 the Saga War broke out in favor of the subjugation of Korea.

どのバージョンで記述するかを文書の初めに宣言します。
Which version should be used will be mentioned at the beginning of the document.

（ポーカーで）各プレーヤーがまず初めに場に出す賭け金
the initial contribution that each player makes to the pot

ページを保存 (初めにプレビューを使用してください)
Save page (use preview first)

落語家身分が初めに習い覚える話を「前座ばなし」と呼ぶ。
The first stories learned by comic storytellers when they are new to rakugo are called 'zenza-banashi.'

平安時代初めには真言宗東寺派の末寺となっていたらしい。
It appears to have become a branch-temple of the Toji school of the Shingon Sect at the beginning of the Heian period.

養和2年（1182年）初めに政子は二人目の子を懐妊した。
At the beginning of 1182, Masako conceived her second child.

1924年に横浜馬車道にできた勝烈庵が初めに売り出した。
One theory states that Katsuretsu-an, which was established on Yokohama Bashamichi in 1924, started the dish.

腰鼓は腰に下げる細腰鼓で、日本には7世紀初めに伝わった。
The waist drums (Yoko) is a Saiyoko hanging from one's waist, and came down to Japan at the early seventh century.

これらは初めに成立した大鏡の特徴を後の3つが踏襲している。
This is due to the fact that the style of Okagami, the oldest among four, was continued by the latter three.

遺跡の最盛期は3世紀終わり頃から4世紀初めにかけてである。
The heyday of the village of these remains was considered to be from the end of the 3rd century to the first of the 4th century.

初めに彼の胃を襲ったショックが今度は彼の神経を襲っていた。
The shock which had first attacked his stomach was now attacking his nerves.

内府：明治から昭和の初めにかけてあった「内大臣府」の通称。
Nai-fu: Vernacular term for 'Udaijin-fu' which existed from Meiji to early Showa.

北海道では8月後半から9月初めにかけて、秋鮭漁が解禁となる。
In Hokkaido the ban on salmon fishing is lifted between the end of August and the beginning of September.

明治の初めに東京新橋柏屋の芸妓となり小鈴（小兼）の名で通る。
In the early Meiji era, she became a geigi (geisha, that is, a woman who gives fun with a song, a dance or a music instrument at a feast) of Kashiwaya in Shinbashi, Tokyo, and she was accepted by the name of Kosuzu (Kokane).

刀狩を一番初めに行なったのは、秀吉ではなく勝家という説がある。
There is a theory that it was Katsuie, not Hideyoshi, who conducted the Sword Hunt for the first time.

昭和の初めに滝川政次郎もこれを踏襲して近江令のこととみなした。
During the early Showa period, Masajiro TAKIGAWA followed this theory and supposed that it should be Omi-Ryo.

この言は初めに神と共にあった。 (ヨハネによる福音書 1:2)
The same was in the beginning with God. (John 1:2)

５年目の初めにトニーはもっとお金をもらわねばならないと言った。
At the beginning of the fifth year, Tony said he was going to have to charge more.

江戸時代の初めに渡来した隠元和尚が、日本に広めたといわれている。
It is said that Ingen Osho, who came from abroad in the early Edo period, spread it in Japan.

嘉祥年間（848年-851年）の初めに尾張守を兼ね宮内卿に遷る。
In the early Kasho era (848–851), Sadanushi transferred to the post Kunaikyo (Minister of the Sovereign's Household) concurrently serving as Owari no kami (the governor of Owari Province).

江戸時代から明治時代初めにかけては、大友皇子即位説が有力であった。
The Prince Otomo enthronement theory was dominant in the Edo period and the early Meiji period.

翌月初めには文化勲章を受賞、体に鞭打って皇居での親授式に臨んでいる。
At the beginning of the following month, he was awarded the Order of Culture and made an effort to attend the award ceremony at the imperial palace.

行家は4月から5月にかけて東国を廻ったが、5月初めには計画は露見した。
During the fifth and sixth months (fourth and fifth months in lunar calendar) Yukiie traveled around the eastern provinces before the plot was discovered at the beginning of the sixth month.

総督府：明治から昭和の初めにかけて外地の総督が執務の拠点とした施設。
Sotoku-fu: Facility used as an office by the government-general in foreign countries from the Meiji to the early Showa period.

石室はその石積様式から6世紀末から7世紀初めに構築されたと考えられた。
From its stone masonry pattern, the stone chamber was thought to have been built from the end of the sixth century to the beginning of the 7th century.

室町時代の初めには、太鼓などをたたいて踊るようになったといわれている。
It is said that people started dancing to the drumbeat at the beginning of the Muromachi period.

この大会戦の初めに、ユリシーズは負傷し、数日間戦うことができなかった。
After Ulysses was wounded, early in this great battle, he was not able to fight for several days,

「いで我が駒早く行きこそ」というウマを催す意の歌が初めにあるから生じた名
The name derived from that, a song 'Ide aga koma hayaku ikikoso,' which means to speed up horses came first.

初めに急いで得た資産は、その終りがさいわいでない。 (箴言 20:21)
An inheritance quickly gained at the beginning, won't be blessed in the end. (Proverbs 20:21)

上洛する際、最も初めに京都の街を見下ろすことが出来た峠として知られている。
Upon going to the center of Kyoto, this was the pass where one could take the first glimpse of the town of Kyoto.

能上演形式においては初めに演じられることから初番目物や一番目物と言われる。
Since this is the first performance, it is called shobanme-mono or ichibanme-mono (first-category plays) according to the style of Noh performance.

いにしえ、地のなかった時、初めに、わたしは立てられた。 (箴言 8:23)
I was set up from everlasting, from the beginning, before the earth existed. (Proverbs 8:23)

ビクトリア朝風の感傷主義への反動で20世紀初めに起きた英米の詩人による運動
a movement by American and English poets early in the 20th century in reaction to Victorian sentimentality

20世紀初めにヨーロッパで花開いた（特に絵画における）虚無主義的な芸術運動
a nihilistic art movement (especially in painting) that flourished in Europe early in the 20th century

1951年の初めには、横須賀線と同時に京阪神緩行線にも70系が投入された。
In early 1951, type 70 cars were introduced to the Keihanshin Local Line at the same time as the Yokosuka Line.

7世紀末から8世紀初めに作られた高松塚古墳の壁画が1972年から研究された。
From 1972, the study started on the inside wall paintings of the Takamatsuzuka Tomb considered to have been painted from the end of the seventh century to the beginning of the eighth century.

その治世の初めに彼はグラナダを攻撃し、この企図がその領土の基礎となりました。
In the beginning of his reign he attacked Granada, and this enterprise was the foundation of his dominions.

事件の説明はいろいろあるように思えたが、警察が初めに正しい説明を思いついた。
There seemed to be several explanations of the case, but the police hit on the right one the first time.

これに焦った義栄も巻き返しを図り、翌年初めには同じ従五位下左馬頭に任じられた。
Alarmed by this appointment, Yoshihide attempted a rollback, and early in the following year was appointed to the same status, Samanokami with a rank of Jugoinoge.

その後、毛利氏に従ったが、江戸時代初めに謀反の疑いで当主の吉見広長が誅殺された。
Later on, the Yoshimi clan had worked under the Mori clan until the family head Hironaga YOSHIMI was killed in the early Edo period for suspicion of plotting a rebellion.

内大臣府：明治から昭和の初めにかけて、内大臣府が執務の拠点とした施設及び組織。
Naidaijin-fu: Facilities and organization where the base of operations for the Naidaijin-fu (Minister of Interior's Office) were located from the Meiji to the early Showa period.

誰でも初めに良いぶどう酒を出し、人々が十分飲んだころになると悪いものを出す物だ。
Everyone brings out the choice wine first and then the cheaper wine after the guests have had too much.

大正時代の初めには、穂積の弟子である東京帝大の上杉慎吉と美濃部との間で論争が起こる。
In the early Taisho Period, there was an argument between Shinkichi UESUGI of Tokyo Imperial University, a follower of Hozumi, and Minobe.

日付は不明だが、6月末か7月初めに、敵の小部隊が玉倉部邑を衝いたが、出雲狛が撃退した。
Although the date was unknown, in early August, a small force of the enemy attacked Tamakurabe no mura, but IZUMO no Koma repelled the attack.

吉祥悔過会とは奈良時代に始まったもので、年の初めに宮中や諸大寺において吉祥天像を祀る。
Kichijokekae started in Nara period, and it was a ceremony held at the imperial court and major temples at the beginning of the year to dedicate the Statue of Kisshoten.

初めに言があった。言は神と共にあった。言は神であった。 (ヨハネによる福音書 1:1)
In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. (John 1:1)

結局、それについて初めに話してくれる人は誰も来なかったということか。さて、どうしよう。
It turned out there was nobody who would be the first to talk about it. What do we do now?

明治の初めに7代蓮々斎が再び東京に出て池之端に茶家を再興し、江戸千家の中興と称せられる。
At the beginning of the Meiji period, the seventh master of the Renge-an again returned to Tokyo and restored the chado in Ikenohata, and he was known as the restorer of Edosenke.

知念森城（ちねんもりぐすく）は沖縄の歌集『おもろさうし』に神が初めに現れた城として登場する。
Chinenmori-gusuku Castle is said to be a castle in which a god appeared for the first time in Okinawan poetry anthology 'Omoshirososhi' (Interesting Literature).

最も古い丼物は鰻丼で19世紀初めに登場し、続いて江戸末期には深川丼がうまれたといわれている。
It is said that the Unagi-donburi (Donburimono with roasted eel on cooked rice) introduced in the early nineteenth century is the oldest Donburimono, and that Fukagawa-donburi (with cooked shellfish as an ingredient) appeared next toward the end of the Edo period.

車両が初めに入って行き、目的地に走り去る輸送の方法（フェリーまたは電車または飛行機のような）
a method of transport (as a ferry or train or plane) that vehicles roll onto at the beginning and roll off of at the destination

弥生時代を通しての環濠集落を放棄したにもかかわらず、古墳時代の初めに再度環濠集落をも形成する。
Through the Yayoi period the moat-surrounded settlements were abandoned, they were formed again in the early Kofun period.

「前方後円」の語は、江戸時代の国学者蒲生君平が19世紀初めに著した『山陵志』で初めで使われた。
The term 'front-square rear-round' (pronounced zenpo koen in Japanese) was first used in 'Sanryoshi' written by a Japanese classical scholar of the Edo Period, Kunpei GAMO, in the early nineteenth century.

奈良時代から平安時代初めには、辺境の戦争の総司令官として様々な称号の大将軍が臨時に任命された。
During the Nara period and the early Heian period, taishogun with various titles were nominated on an ad hoc basis as a commander-in-chief in the war occurred in remote regions.

この後、庄内を発し、江戸・京都・大坂を経由して、11月初めに鹿児島に帰り、日当山温泉で湯治した。
After that, he left Shonai, and returned to Kagoshima through Edo at the beginning of November, Kyoto and Osaka, and treated himself to the Hinatayama Onsen Hot Spring.

ヤコブは、エジプトには食糧があると聞いて、初めに先祖たちをつかわしたが、 (使徒行伝 7:12)
But when Jacob heard that there was grain in Egypt, he sent out our fathers the first time. (Acts 7:12)

すなわち彼が初めに築いた祭壇の所に行き、その所でアブラムは主の名を呼んだ。 (創世記 13:4)
to the place of the altar, which he had made there at the first. There Abram called on the name of Yahweh. (Genesis 13:4)

しかし、数度に及ぶ説得で、方法・人選で反対していた板垣と外務卿の副島が8月初めに西郷案に同意した。
Itagaki and Fukushima of Gaimukyo were initially opposed to the method and to the selection of Saigo, but they to Saigo's plan after talking together many times in beginning of August.

江戸時代後期には大半の山番が下山、明治時代の初めには佐々里峠の入り口である灰野に残るのみとなった。
However, in the latter half of the Edo period, most of the mountain guardians who had lived there left, then only a few remained in Haino located at the entrance to Sasari Pass in the early Meiji period.

京都市上京区にある織物工場で、御装束・御神宝の織り初めにあたり、祝詞奏上・雅楽奉納・清祓などを行う。
This ceremony consisting of Norito (Shinto prayer), Gagaku (traditional court music), and Kiyomeharae (a purifying procedure) is conducted at a textile factory in Kamigyo Ward of Kyoto City to start weaving the sacred treasures and apparel.

婚礼行列が婚家に到着すると、まず初めに貝桶を新婦側から婚家側に引き渡す｢貝桶渡し｣の儀式が行われた。
After the procession arrived in a bridegroom's residence, 'kaioke watashi' was conducted as the first ritual, in which kaioke was handed over from the bride's side to the groom's side.

その中でもっとも有力な神社を一宮と呼ぶようになり、一番初めに参拝し、国によっては二宮、三宮も存在した。
The most influential shrine in the district came to be called Ichinomiya, as it was the first that he would visit; some districts had Ninomiya and also Sannomiya.

初めに即位を論じた那波活所は、自説を蜀皇帝を正当とした例にならうものとして、宋学の名分論を前面に出した。
Kassho NABA who argued the enthronement first asserted that his theory followed the precedent of justification of Shu Emperor and put forward the theory of justification of Sogaku (Neo-Confucianism).

だが、8世紀初めに編纂された「日本書紀」「古事記」に邪馬臺国についての記述も卑弥呼についての記述も無い。
However, nothing about the Yamatai Kingdom or Himiko was described in the Nihon-shoki (the oldest chronicles of Japan) nor the Kojiki (The Records of Ancient Matters) compiled during the early eighth century.

周山街道の別名を持つ国道162号において京都から若狭を目指す場合、最も初めに越えなければならない峠である。
Mikyozaka is the first pass crossed by National Route 162, also known as Shuzan-kaido Road, when traveling from Kyoto to Wakasa.

これにより、耕地が大幅に増加し、17世紀当初の約160万町歩が18世紀初めには約300万町歩にまで激増した。
Cultivated areas dramatically increased with these measures, from about one million six hundred thousand choho in the early seventeenth century to about three million choho in the early eighteenth century.

しかし、13世紀初めに庄氏の菩提寺である宥庄寺（後の宥勝寺）が建立した事から遺骨は武蔵に戻ったと考えられる。
However, it is assumed that his cremains were returned to Musashi from the fact that the family temple of the SHO clan, Yusho-ji Temple, was built at the beginning of the thirteenth Century.

3月初めに示された題は霞、鶯、柳、桜、款冬（山吹）、藤、暮春、首夏、郭公（ほととぎす）、卯花、夏草、恋の12。
Twelve themes for the contest were announced in late March: haze, nightingale, willow, cherry blossoms, kerria, wisteria, late spring, early summer, cuckoo (hototogisu), deutzia, summer grass, and love.

作家や芸術家や哲学者の派閥で、20世紀の初めにブルームズベリーかその周辺に住み、型破りな生活様式で知られるもの
an inner circle of writers and artists and philosophers who lived in or around Bloomsbury early in the 20th century and were noted for their unconventional lifestyles

内臣（うちつおみ/ないしん）は、飛鳥時代から平安時代初めにかけて置かれた役職で律令政治下では令外官にあたった。
Uchitsuomi (Naishin) was one of Ryoge no kan (official posts outside of Ritsuryo code) which existed from the Asuka period to Heian period under the government based on the Ritsuryo code.

したがって、1970年代後半から1980年代初めにかけて、演習林の利用形態も再び研究を主体としたものに変わっていった。
Therefore, from the latter half of the 1970s to the early 1980s, the field practice forest came to be used mainly for research purposes again.

明治の初めに神仏分離により大阪・住吉神社内の慈恩寺と岐阜・高山城主だった金森長近が大徳寺内に建立した金竜院を合併した。
Due to the separation of Buddhism and Shinto during the early Meiji period, the temple merged with Jion-ji Temple in the grounds of Sumiyoshi-jinja Shrine in Osaka and Konryu-in Temple constructed in the precinct of Daitoku-ji Temple by Nagachika KANAMORI, lord of Takayama-jo Castle in Gifu.

また安芸厳島神社へは、永禄6年（1563年）に法楽能を舞ったのを初めに、永禄11年（1568年）など何度か赴いている。
He also visited Itsukushima-jinja Shrine in the Aki (the western part of Hiroshima Prefecture) area several times, including in 1563 to play Horaku Noh (a Noh performance dedicated to Shintoist and Buddhist deities) and in 1568.

翌慶長3年（1598年）9月末から10月初めにかけて行われた順天倭城の戦いでは明・朝鮮軍による水陸からの攻撃を撃退した。
In the Battle of the Suncheon Waeseong Castle from the late September to the early October in 1598, he repelled the Ming and Korean army which attacked from land and sea.

地はおのずから実を結ばせるもので、初めに芽、つぎに穂、つぎに穂の中に豊かな実ができる。 (マルコによる福音書 4:28)
For the earth bears fruit: first the blade, then the ear, then the full grain in the ear. (Mark 4:28)

アハスエロスの治世、すなわちその治世の初めに、彼らはユダとエルサレムの住民を訴える告訴状を書いた。 (エズラ記 4:6)
In the reign of Ahasuerus, in the beginning of his reign, wrote they an accusation against the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem. (Ezra 4:6)

9月末から10月初めにかけて明・朝鮮軍は総力を挙げた攻勢をかけ、日本軍の順天城、泗川城、蔚山城を攻撃したがすべて撃退した。
Despite the Ming-Korean forces waging all-out war and attacking Junten-jo, Shisen-jo and Urusan-jo Castles, which had been established by the Japanese forces, from the beginning of October to the end of October in 1598, the Japanese forces fought them off.

一方で、頼朝は、義仲に対する牽制として源範頼、源義経らに京都への進軍を命じて範頼・義経軍は11月初めには近江まで到着した。
On the other hand, to hold Yoshinaka in check, Yoritomo sent MINAMOTO no Noriyori and MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune towards Kyoto and the Noriyori/Yoshitsune forces reached Omi Province in the beginning of November.

さらに、「主よ、あなたは初めに、地の基をおすえになった。もろもろの天も、み手のわざである。 (ヘブル人への手紙 1:10)
And, 'You, Lord, in the beginning, laid the foundation of the earth. The heavens are the works of your hands. (Hebrews 1:10)

薬師寺は7世紀末、飛鳥（奈良県橿原市城殿（きどの）町）の地に創建され、平城遷都後の8世紀初めに現在地に移転したものである。
First established in Asuka (now Kidono-cho, Kashihara City, Nara Prefecture) at the end of the seventh century, Yakushi-ji temple was transferred to the present place in the beginning of the eighth century following the transfer of national capital to Heijo.

マラソン競技に初めには、何十人もの選手が出発するが、ゴールまでくるのはごく一部の選手であり、優勝するのはたった一人である。
At the beginning of a marathon race, scores of runners start, but only a few finish and just one takes the cake.

5月末か6月初めに起こったこの戦いは、寡兵をもって大兵を破ること著しいもので、鮮やかに決まった戦術は日本古代史に類例がない。
The battle occurred at the end of June or at the beginning of July was tactically remarkable that small number of soldiers defeated the large number and no other battle for this kind was found in the history of ancient Japan.

654年（白雉5）10月孝徳天皇が難波宮で没すると翌年の初めに皇極上皇は板蓋宮において再度即位（重祚）し、斉明天皇となった。
After Emperor Kotoku died at Naniwa no Miya in November 654, the retired Empress Kogyoku ascended the throne again (Choso [a second accession to the imperial throne]) at Itabuki no Miya Palace early in the following year, becoming Empress Saimei.

9月になると斎田から稲穂を抜き取り、初めに抜いた4束を御飯（みい）とし、あとは黒酒（くろき）・白酒（しろき）として供される。
They gathered in ears of rice in September, making the first four sheaves they gathered into Mii (rice) and making the rest into Kuroki (black sake) and Shiroki (white sake) and presented them to the gods.

そのトレンドはたちまちニューヨークに飛び火し、1980年代初めには全米各地に広まって、マスコミが盛んに取り上げるようになった。
Leapfrogging to New York all at once, the trend finally spread all over the U.S. in the beginning of the 1980s, when the mass media started to deal with the phenomenon eagerly.

神が初めに異邦人たちを顧みて、その中から御名を負う民を選び出された次第は、シメオンがすでに説明した。 (使徒行伝 15:14)
Simeon has reported how God first visited the nations, to take out of them a people for his name. (Acts 15:14)

初めに家が何度か旋回した後に、もう一度ひどく傾いた時、ドロシーはゆりかごの中の赤ん坊みたいに優しく揺られているように感じました。
After the first few whirls around, and one other time when the house tipped badly, she felt as if she were being rocked gently, like a baby in a cradle.

すべて初めに生れる者は、わたしのものである。すべてあなたの家畜のういごの雄は、牛も羊もそうである。 (出エジプト記 34:19)
'All that opens the womb is mine; and all your livestock that is male, the firstborn of cow and sheep. (Exodus 34:19)

用明天皇の皇子である厩戸皇子（聖徳太子の名で広く知られる）は、仏教に深く帰依し、6世紀末に四天王寺、7世紀初めに法隆寺を建立した。
Emperor Yomei's son Prince Umayado, commonly known as Prince Shotoku, became a devout believer in Buddhism, so he constructed Shitenno-ji Temple in the end of the sixth century, and Horyu-ji Temple in the early seventh century.

歴代3度にわたって築城され、初めに指月山に造られたものを指月山伏見城、震災後に木幡山に移されたものを木幡山伏見城などと区別される。
Construction spanning the reigns of 3 emperors, it was first built on Mt. Shizuki, there called Shizuki Fushimi-jo Castle, and after an earthquake was moved to Mt. Kohata and named Kohata Fushimi-jo Castle.

8世紀初めに編まれた『日本書紀』によれば、神武天皇の即位日は「辛酉年春正月、庚辰朔」であり、日付は正月朔日、すなわち1月1日となる。
According to 'Nihonshoki' which was compiled at the beginning of the eighth century, the accession of Emperor Jinmu was on 'the first day of the first spring month of the year Kanoto-Tori,' that is, the first of January.

16世紀末から17世紀初めにかけての一時期、ヨーロッパでも鵜飼いがスポーツとして、主にイギリスとフランスの宮廷を中心として広まった。
In Europe from the end of 16th century to the beginning of 17th century, Ukai spread as a sport mainly among the people of the Court in England and France.

後見人は、その就職の初めにおいて、被後見人の生活、教育又は療養看護及び財産の管理のために毎年支出すべき金額を予定しなければならない。
Upon assumption of office, a guardian shall estimate the amount of money that will be required in annual expenditure for the living, education, medical treatment and nursing, and administration of property of the ward.

寛永8年（1631年）には忠長の領地を召し上げて蟄居を命じるが、このころから体調を崩し、翌寛永9年（1632年）年初めに亡くなった。
In 1631, he confiscated Tadanaga's territories and placed him under house arrest, but around that time, he became indisposed and he died in early 1632.

こうしてナオミは、モアブの地から帰った嫁、モアブの女ルツと一緒に帰ってきて、大麦刈の初めにベツレヘムに着いた。 (ルツ記 1:22)
So Naomi returned, and Ruth the Moabitess, her daughter-in-law, with her, who returned out of the country of Moab: and they came to Bethlehem in the beginning of barley harvest. (Ruth 1:22)

そして青年時代の初めには、パオロ・ヴィッテリの指導の下で訓練を積み、その下で戦いにあけくれ、軍務で高い地位を得ようと思ったのでした。
and in the early days of his youth sent to fight under Paolo Vitelli, that, being trained under his discipline, he might attain some high position in the military profession.
and in the early days of his youth sent to fight under Pagolo Vitelli, that, being trained under his discipline, he might attain some high position in the military profession.

奈良時代と平安時代初めに、謀反を起こした（とされた）人はほとんど死刑になったが、その対象者と縁座の範囲・量刑は政治的判断で左右された。
From the Nara Period through the early Heian Period, most people charged with muhon were executed, but the extent of the prosecution and accompanying enza, or the severity of the punishment, were affected by political decisions.

ただし、上記の設立日は院内交渉団体として届出があった日であり、実際には遅くても同年初めには親睦団体として存在していた（『原敬日記』）。
The date of establishment mentioned above, however, is when the group went through the official procedure to have a legislative bargaining position in the Diet; in fact, the gathering had already existed as a social group by the beginning of the year ('Takashi HARA Diary').

江戸時代に入ると、足利学校100石の所領を寄進され、毎年の初めにその年の吉凶を占った年筮（ねんぜい）を江戸幕府に提出することになった。
In the Edo period, the school received a territory capable of yielding 100 koku of rice and at the beginning of the year provided the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) with nenzei (yearly predictions) to foretell the year's fortunes.

5月末か6月初めに起こったこの戦いは、寡兵をもって大兵を破ること著しいもので、これほど鮮やかな例は日本古代史に類を見ない（巣伏の戦い）。
There is no other example in the ancient history of Japan of a small army defeating a much larger one comparable to the battle which arose in late May or early June (the Battle of Subuse).

7月末から8月初めにかけては各地の取引所で立会い中止が相次ぎ、地方からの米の出回りが減じ、8月7日には白米小売相場は1升50銭に暴騰した。
The retail price of polished rice soared to 50 sen (One sen is 1/100 of one yen) per 1 sho (1.8 liter) on August 7 since sessions on exchanges in various places were cancelled from the end of July to the beginning of August and the rice supply from the countryside was reduced.

七世紀末～八世紀初めに、滅亡後に移住した百済の王族、貴族が、持ってきた本国の史書から改めて編纂し直して天皇の官府に進めたと考えられている。
It is thought that the royal family and nobles of Baekje who moved to Japan after it was subverted from the end of the seventh century to the beginning of the eighth century compiled the history book of their home country again and presented it to the government of the emperor.

延喜の初めに春宮大夫、左兵衛督を兼ね、検非違使別当に補され、次いで従三位に叙し、中納言に任じられ、蔵人所別当に補され、右近衛大将を兼ねる。
Early in the Engi era he was appointed simultaneously as the master of the Crown Prince's household and the director of the Left Palace Guards, serving as the kebiishi no betto (superintendant of the Imperial Police), and was later promoted to Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) and appointed to Chunagon (vice-councilor of state), serving as the superintendant of the Kurododokoro (Chamberlain's Office) while simultaneously being chief commander of the Capital Guard of the Right.

景勝は前年初めに秀吉の命により越後国春日山城から会津領120万石へ国替えになったばかりであり、領内統治をほとんど施していない状況であった。
Kagekatsu had hardly governed the territory because he had been just transferred to the Aizu domain yielding 1,200,000-koku (a unit of volume of rice) from the Kasugayama-jo Castle in Echigo Province, early in the previous year under the order from Hideyoshi.

10世紀初めに編纂された『延喜式』に伝馬を置く郡が列挙されているが、新任国司の通過路線に限定して伝馬が設置されるようになったことがわかる。
The 'Engi-shiki law' compiled in the early tenth century listed provinces where tenma were posted, which made it known that tenma were posted only along passing routes of new kokushi.

あなたの信仰生活の初めにおいて、あなたが小部屋のなかに住み、そこから離れないなら、まもなくそこは特別な友となり、大変な慰めとなるでしょう。
If in the beginning of thy conversation thou dwell in it and keep it well, it shall afterwards be to thee a dear friend, and a most pleasant solace.

つまり、おそらく、初めに調査をした者や技術者には知られていなかった物理的な障害が出てきて、それを克服するためにさまざまな変更が必要になる。
In other words, physical obstacles, perhaps unknown to the original surveyor and engineer, requiring alterations to be made in order to surmount them.

同年初めに亡くなった大納言・大伴御行の後を追う形となった嶋の後は、阿倍御主人がしばらく臣下最高位（右大臣）となったが、彼も間もなく没した。
Shima who died after Dainagon (a chief councilor of state) OTOMO no Miyuki died in the beginning of that year was replaced with ABE no Miushi serving as Udaijin the highest-ranking vassal for a while, but ABE no Miushi also soon died.

事件当日の糸里の様子については昭和の初めに子母澤寛が八木為三郎（新撰組が屯所にしていた八木家の子息）から聞き書きした『新撰組遺聞』にある。
'Shinsengumi Ibun' (Curious stories about Shinsengumi) that were written based on the stories heard from Tamesaburo YAGI (the son of Yagi family in which Shinsengumi quartered) by Kan SHIMOZAWA in the early Showa period described how Itosato acted on the day of the incident.

旧豊岡村では、天竜川上流に佐久間ダム・秋葉ダムが完成したことから、洪水の心配が少なくなった昭和30年代初めに、本格的に栽培されるようになった。
The former Toyooka-mura started to grow ebi-imo in earnest during the late 1950's, as the construction of Sakuma dam and Akiha dam at the upper reaches of the Tenryu river was completed and they did not have to worry about flooding as much as before.

口嚼ノ酒（くちかみのさけ）とカビの酒で醸されていた原初期の日本酒をのぞいて、奈良時代の初めにはすでに麹を用いた製法が確立していたと考えられる。
Other than sake in the initial stage in which sake was brewed as kuchikami-no-sake (sake by mouth-chewing) and kabi-no-sake (literally, sake from mold), sake brewing using koji was established by the beginning of the Nara period.

そしてその女が初めに産む男の子に、死んだ兄弟の名を継がせ、その名をイスラエルのうちに絶やさないようにしなければならない。 (申命記 25:6)
It shall be, that the firstborn whom she bears shall succeed in the name of his brother who is dead, that his name not be blotted out of Israel. (Deuteronomy 25:6)

わたしが初めにわたしの名を置いた場所シロへ行き、わが民イスラエルの悪のために、わたしがその場所に対して行ったことを見よ。 (エレミヤ書 7:12)
But go now to my place which was in Shiloh, where I caused my name to dwell at the first, and see what I did to it for the wickedness of my people Israel. (Jeremiah 7:12)

現在の研究では、庶民の苗字は明治初めにもともと先祖伝来のものを戸籍に載せたとされるが、記録が伝わらないのでその正確な由来を尋ねることは不可能である。
Today, it is generally acknowledged that the names of ordinary families that were recorded in the family register compiled during the early Meiji period had been inherited from their ancestors, but since no written records are available it is impossible to accurately identify the origins of these names.

私はしばしばホームズから、彼が犯罪捜索の方法において、一番初めにどう云う所へ心をむけるであろうかと云うことについて、ききだそうとしてみたことはあった。
I had often endeavoured to elicit from my companion what had first turned his mind in the direction of criminal research,

翌々年に出家し経蓮と称していた経高は、京での騒動に対する申し開きと、挙兵の初めに平兼隆を討って以来を記した書状を、長男の佐々木高重に持たせ幕府へと送る。
Tsunetaka, who became a priest in 1202 and called himself Kyoren, had his eldest son, Takashige SASAKI, bring a letter to the Kamakura bakufu; it accounted for the movement of his army and his career, which started with the killing of TAIRA no Kanetaka when Yoritomo first raised his army.

さて、イエスはまたヨルダンの向こう岸、すなわち、ヨハネが初めにバプテスマを授けていた所に行き、そこに滞在しておられた。 (ヨハネによる福音書 10:40)
He went away again beyond the Jordan into the place where John was baptizing at first, and there he stayed. (John 10:40)

その中で最も東端に位置する蔚山城が未完成のまま、年末から翌慶長3年（1598年）初めにかけて明・朝鮮軍の攻撃を受けるが撃退に成功する（第一次蔚山城の戦い）。
When Urusan-jo Castle, at the east most edge of Korea, was under construction, the Japanese forces were attacked by the Ming-Korean forces from the end of 1597 to the beginning of 1598; the Japanese fought the enemy off (the first Battle of Ulsan).

記紀に伝えられる事績の史実性、欠史八代に繋がる系譜記事等には疑問もあるが、3世紀から4世紀初めにかけて実在した大王 (ヤマト王権)と捉える見方が未だ少なくない。
There are doubts regarding the historical validity of his exploits recorded in the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki as well as genealogical accounts of his connection to the Kesshi-Hachidai (eight undocumented emperors); however, there are still many who consider him to be the king (Yamato Sovereignty) who lived from the third century to the beginning of the fourth century.

主なる神はこのようにわたしに示された。見よ、二番草のはえ出る初めに主は、いなごを造られた。見よ、その二番草は王の刈った後に、はえたものである。 (アモス書 7:1)
Thus the Lord Yahweh showed me: and behold, he formed locusts in the beginning of the shooting up of the latter growth; and behold, it was the latter growth after the king's harvest. (Amos 7:1)

慶長3（1598）年9月末から10月初めにかけて明と朝鮮の連合軍は西から順天倭城（小西行長軍）、泗川倭城（島津軍）、蔚山倭城（加藤清正軍）、に対して同時攻勢を掛けた。
The Ming and Korean Allied Forces simultaneously attacked Suncheon Waeseong (Yukinaga KONISHI army), Sacheon Waeseong (Sacheon Japanese Castle) (Shimazu army), and Ulsan Waeseong (Ulsan Japanese Castle) (Kiyomasa KATO army) from the west between early to mid-October 1598.

初めにこの箇所に着目した高橋崇は、食国法は統治の法のことであるから、律令に他ならず、天智天皇の定めた律令は近江令のことだから、不改常典とは近江令のことであると論じた。
Takashi TAKAHASHI, the first person who paid attention to this point, argued that the law of the nation's governance means a law of ruling and therefore, naturally it means nothing, but the Rituryo codes, and the Ritsuryo established by Emperor Tenchi is Omi-Ryo, thus Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten is the Omi-Ryo.

今井町に惣年寄制がしかれたのは慶長年間（1600年頃）で初めに川井長左衞門正冬（後改め今西氏）、河瀬入道兵部房（後改め今井氏）、尾崎源兵衛、あと上田忠右衛門、を加えた。
It was around 1600 when the so-doshiyori system was implemented in Imai-cho with Nagazaemon Masafuyu KAWAI (later assumed the new family name of Imanishi), Nyudo Hyobubo KAWASE (later assumed the new family name of Imai) and Genbei OZAKI initially being appointed as so-doshiyori and Chuemon UEDA subsequently joined this team at a later date.

イスラエルは、ししに追われて散った羊である。初めにアッスリヤの王がこれを食い、そして今はついにバビロンの王ネブカデレザルがその骨をかじった。 (エレミヤ書 50:17)
Israel is a hunted sheep; the lions have driven him away: first, the king of Assyria devoured him; and now at last Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon has broken his bones. (Jeremiah 50:17)

消耗熱の場合、病気の初めには見立ては難しいが治療は楽なのに、初期に診察も治療もせずに、病状が進むと、見立ては楽でも治療は大変だと、医者は言いますが、この場合も同じです。
for it happens in this, as the physicians say it happens in hectic fever, that in the beginning of the malady it is easy to cure but difficult to detect, but in the course of time, not having been either detected or treated in the beginning, it becomes easy to detect but difficult to cure.

中国では2世紀後半から浄土教関係の経典が伝えられ、5世紀の初めには廬山の慧遠 (東晋)（334年 - 416年）が『般舟三昧経』にもとづいて白蓮社という念仏結社を作った。
In China, Jodo-kyo sutras were transmitted beginning in the latter half of the second century, and Eon (the Eastern Jin) (334-416) of Mt. Rozan founded Byakuren-sha, an association of Nenbutsu, based on 'Hanju Zanmai-kyo Sutra' at the beginning of the fifth century.

13世紀初めには京都の北西に鎌倉時代初期の公卿で太政大臣であった西園寺公経は仲資王の所領であった北山山荘の地を得て北山第を建てたが、公経はこの地に巨万の富を投入し、作庭した。
In the early 13th century, a court noble and a Daijo-daijin (the Head of one of the highest administrative organizations) of the early Kamakura period, Kintsune SAIONJI acquired a feudal estate of Nakasuke-o, Kitayama-villa north west of Kyoto, and built Kitayama-dai (Kitayama residence) and invested a fortune to build a garden.

ここで、初めに、「あなたは、いけにえとささげ物と燔祭と罪祭と（すなわち、律法に従ってささげられるもの）を望まれず、好まれもしなかった」とあり、 (ヘブル人への手紙 10:8)
Previously saying, 'Sacrifices and offerings and whole burnt offerings and sacrifices for sin you didn't desire, neither had pleasure in them' (those which are offered according to the law), (Hebrews 10:8)

大院君は農民軍鎮圧のための派兵をしないよう大鳥公使に要請したが、日本は部隊(歩兵独立第十九大隊)を11月初めに派兵し、11月下旬からの公州攻防戦で勝利して農民軍を南方へ退けた。
Although Daewongun requested Minister Otori not to send troops to suppress the peasant army, Japan dispatched a military unit (the 19th independent infantry battalion) in early November and the won Gongju battle started late November, ousting the peasant army to the south.

18世紀末から19世紀初めには、上方にかわる文化的な中心地ともなり、経済活動や参勤交代を通じた江戸を中心とする人の往来は江戸から地方へ、地方から江戸へ盛んな文化の伝播をもたらした。
From the end of the 18th century through the beginning of the 19th century, Edo surpassed Kamigata (This is a commonly used term referring to Kyoto and the Kansai region) as a cultural center, and the active traffic of people between Edo and the provinces due to economic activities and the sankinkotai (a system that required feudal lords to reside in Edo every other year) facilitated the active transmission of culture between Edo and the provinces.

これらの事から13世紀初めの末から中頃の初めにかけて、すでに本庄氏を名乗っていた事が分かる（「本庄」と言う文字だけなら、12世紀末の文治4年（1188年）7月13日条にも見られる）。
With these reasons, it could tell that he used the name of the Honjo clan from the end to the mid 13th century (the word 'Honjo' only could be seen in the Article of August 14, 1188 in the late 12nd century).

1940年（昭和15年）初めに17歳で退団、日活に入社、稲垣浩監督、片岡千恵蔵主演の『宮本武蔵』の「お通」役に抜擢されて華々しくスクリーンデビュー、同作は同年3月31日に公開された。
At the beginning of 1940, at the age of 17, she retired from the Takarazuka revue and entered Nikkatsu Corporation, in which she was selected for the role 'Otsu' in 'Miyamoto Musashi' with Chiezo Kataoka in the title role directed by Hiroshi INAGAKI to make her movie debut; the movie was released on March 31in the same year.

すなわちわたしが祈の言葉を述べていたとき、わたしが初めに幻のうちに見た、かの人ガブリエルは、すみやかに飛んできて、夕の供え物をささげるころ、わたしに近づき、 (ダニエル書 9:21)
yes, while I was speaking in prayer, the man Gabriel, whom I had seen in the vision at the beginning, who was made to fly swiftly, touched me about the time of the evening offering. (Daniel 9:21)

そこで、その安息にはいる機会が、人々になお残されているのであり、しかも、初めに福音を伝えられた人々は、不従順のゆえに、はいることをしなかったのであるから、 (ヘブル人への手紙 4:6)
Seeing therefore it remains that some should enter therein, and they to whom the good news was before preached failed to enter in because of disobedience, (Hebrews 4:6)

「わたしは、イスラエルの人々のうちの初めに生れたすべてのういごの代りに、レビびとをイスラエルの人々のうちから取るであろう。レビびとは、わたしのものとなるであろう。 (民数記 3:12)
'Behold, I have taken the Levites from among the children of Israel instead of all the firstborn who open the womb among the children of Israel; and the Levites shall be mine: (Numbers 3:12)

このように両天皇の墓が「山の辺の道」の岡にあると『古事記』に記されているところから8世紀の初めにはこの道が出来ており、7世紀の末の藤原京時代にもできあがっていたのではないかと推測できる。
Since the 'Kojiki' says that tumuli of two emperors are located at the hill of 'Yamanobe-no-michi,' it is supposed that the road had been constructed before early 8th century, or at the end of 7th century in the era of Fujiwara-kyo.

8世紀初めには、慶雲4年（707年）、和銅元年（708年）、養老元年（717年）と、百日以内に出頭すれば亡命山沢の罪を赦すという詔が出たが、それは大赦の一部で唐の詔を引き写したものである。
In the early 8th century, edicts were issued in 707, 708 and 717 stipulating that an offense of a mountain valley exile would be condoned if the offender handed oneself in within 100 days, but they were part of amnesty and a copy of edicts in Tang Dynasty China.

言った、「どんな人でも、初めによいぶどう酒を出して、酔いがまわったころにわるいのを出すものだ。それだのに、あなたはよいぶどう酒を今までとっておかれました」。 (ヨハネによる福音書 2:10)
and said to him, 'Everyone serves the good wine first, and when the guests have drunk freely, then that which is worse. You have kept the good wine until now!' (John 2:10)

それで彼はベネハダデの使者に言った、「王、わが主に告げなさい。『あなたが初めに要求されたことは皆いたしましょう。しかし今度の事はできません』」。使者は去って復命した。 (列王紀1 20:9)
Therefore he said to the messengers of Ben Hadad, 'Tell my lord the king, 'All that you sent for to your servant at the first I will do; but this thing I cannot do.'' The messengers departed, and brought him back the message. (1 Kings 20:9)

なお、藤原北家閑院流の洞院家も、鎌倉～室町期に上記清華家と同等に太政大臣をたびたび輩出しているが、戦国時代の初めに断絶しているため、江戸時代に確立した清華家等の公家の家格に該当するものがない。
Although the Toin Family of the Fujiwara Hokke-Kanin group also produced grand ministers of state from the Kamakura era through the Muromachi era as frequently as the Seiga Family did, since the family line of the Toin Family failed in the early Sengoku period the Toin Family did not have kakaku corresponding to that of court noble, such as the Seiga Family or other families established during the Edo period.

彼らをギベオンびとの手に引き渡したので、ギベオンびとは彼らを山で主の前に木にかけた。彼ら七人は共に倒れた。彼らは刈入れの初めの日、すなわち大麦刈りの初めに殺された。 (サムエル記下 21:9)
He delivered them into the hands of the Gibeonites, and they hanged them in the mountain before Yahweh, and all seven of them fell together. They were put to death in the days of harvest, in the first days, at the beginning of barley harvest. (2 Samuel 21:9)

漢訳事業の進行に伴い、訳経の収集や分類、経典の真偽の判別が必要となり、4世紀末には釈道安によって最初の経録である『綜理衆経目録』（亡佚）が、6世紀初めには僧祐によって『出三蔵記集』が作成された。
In accordance with the progress of translation into Chinese, it became necessary to collect and classify the sutras of the Chinese editions and distinguish the true Buddhist sutras from the false ones, so that at the end of the fourth century Doan SHAKU wrote 'Shuri Shu-kyo Mokuroku (亡佚),' the first record of sutra, and at the beginning of the sixth century Soyu edited 'Shutsu Sanzo Kishu (the Chu sanzang ji ji).'

そこでエリヤはバアルの預言者たちに言った、「あなたがたは大ぜいだから初めに一頭の牛を選んで、それを整え、あなたがたの神の名を呼びなさい。ただし火をつけてはなりません」。 (列王紀1 18:25)
Elijah said to the prophets of Baal, 'Choose one bull for yourselves, and dress it first; for you are many; and call on the name of your god, but put no fire under it.' (1 Kings 18:25)

初めに立后されたのは章子で、次いで寛子が立后されたが、寛子立后にあたり、通常ならば先立の中宮である章子を皇后、寛子を中宮とするところを、章子の希望で章子は中宮のまま留め置かれ、寛子が皇后とされた。
First, Shoshi officially became an Empress followed by Kanshi, and in the natural manner Shoshi would have become the Empress and Kanshi being the second consort of the Emperor; however, due to Shoshi's request Kanshi became the Empress and Shoshi was kept as the second consort of the Emperor.

こうしてギデオンと、彼と共にいた百人の者が、中更の初めに敵陣のはずれに行ってみると、ちょうど番兵を交代した時であったので、彼らはラッパを吹き、手に携えていたつぼを打ち砕いた。 (士師記 7:19)
So Gideon, and the hundred men who were with him, came to the outermost part of the camp in the beginning of the middle watch, when they had but newly set the watch: and they blew the trumpets, and broke in pieces the pitchers that were in their hands. (Judges 7:19)

すなわち、わたしたちの救主なる唯一の神に、栄光、大能、力、権威が、わたしたちの主イエス・キリストによって、世々の初めにも、今も、また、世々限りなく、あるように、アァメン。 (ユダの手紙 1:25)
to God our Savior, who alone is wise, be glory and majesty, dominion and power, both now and forever. Amen. (June 1:25)

あなたは、すべて初めに胎を開いた者、およびあなたの家畜の産むういごは、ことごとく主にささげなければならない。すなわち、それらの男性のものは主に帰せしめなければならない。 (出エジプト記 13:12)
that you shall set apart to Yahweh all that opens the womb, and every firstborn which you have that comes from an animal. The males shall be Yahweh's. (Exodus 13:12)

「イスラエルの人々のうちで、すべてのういご、すなわちすべて初めに胎を開いたものを、人であれ、獣であれ、みな、わたしのために聖別しなければならない。それはわたしのものである」。 (出エジプト記 13:2)
'Sanctify to me all of the firstborn, whatever opens the womb among the children of Israel, both of man and of animal. It is mine.' (Exodus 13:2)

まず初めにダマスコにいる人々に、それからエルサレムにいる人々、さらにユダヤ全土、ならびに異邦人たちに、悔い改めて神に立ち帰り、悔改めにふさわしいわざを行うようにと、説き勧めました。 (使徒行伝 26:20)
but declared first to them of Damascus, at Jerusalem, and throughout all the country of Judea, and also to the Gentiles, that they should repent and turn to God, doing works worthy of repentance. (Acts 26:20)

官田は全国各地に置かれたが、最も農業生産力が高い長江下流南岸のデルタ地帯では、南宋の頃から多くの土地が官田化され、明代の初めには、常州、鎮江、蘇州市、松江市、湖州、嘉興市の6府の農地の45%が官田で占められた。
Kanden were established throughout the country; in the delta land on th south side of the lower Yangtze River, a great deal of land which had the highest agricultural productivity had been kanden since the Southern Song Dynasty, and in the early Ming period, 45% of farmlands in the six prefectures of Changzhou, Zhenjiang, Suzho city, Songjiang city, Huzhou and Jiaxing were kanden.

18世紀末から19世紀初めにかけての随筆『耳袋』の記述によると、天明元年に、ある大名に飼われていた狆の主人に対する態度が噂となり、それを知った光格天皇がその狆の忠節を認めて六位を賜えたという話が伝えられている。
According to the description in an essay, 'Mimibukuro' dating from the eighteenth to nineteenth centuries, on the first year of Tenmei, there is a legend that one dog was very loyal to the owner, so in reward for that loyalty the Emperor Kokaku conferred the sixth court rank upon the dog.

死に臨んで定子が書き残した遺詠「夜もすがら契りし事を忘れずは　こひむ涙の色ぞゆかしき」は、『後拾遺和歌集』に哀傷巻頭歌として収められ、また、鎌倉時代初めに編まれた小倉百人一首の原撰本「百人秀歌」にも採られている。
The poem she left on her death bed, 'Yomosugara Chigirishi Koto o Wasurezuba Koin Namida no Irozo Yukashiki (Please do not forget our all-night bonding/I wonder what color tears you will shed after my death) ' was included as an elegy in 'Goshui Wakashu' and used in OGURA Hyakunin Isshu's original anthology, 'Hyakunin Shuka.'

彼らはイスラエルの人々のうちから、全くわたしにささげられたものだからである。イスラエルの人々のうちの初めに生れた者、すなわち、すべてのういごの代りに、わたしは彼らを取ってわたしのものとした。 (民数記 8:16)
For they are wholly given to me from among the children of Israel; instead of all who open the womb, even the firstborn of all the children of Israel, I have taken them to me. (Numbers 8:16)

のちに、京都の画家の家である月岡家の養子となる（自称の説有り、他に父のいとこ薬種京屋織三郎の養子となったのち、初めに松月という四條派の絵師についていたが、これでは売れないと見限り歌川国芳に入門したという話もある）。
Later, he was adopted into the Tsukioka family, an artist in Kyoto (some say that he made this up, while others say that he was adopted by his father's cousin Shikisaburo KYOYA, an apothecary, and studied under Shogetsu, an artist in the Shijo school, at first, but he thought his teacher's art would not be popular and promising so that he became a pupil of Kuniyoshi UTAGAWA).

訴訟の係属中その訴訟の目的である権利の全部又は一部を譲り受けたことを主張して、第四十七条第一項の規定により訴訟参加をしたときは、その参加は、訴訟の係属の初めにさかのぼって時効の中断又は法律上の期間の遵守の効力を生ずる。
If a person has intervened in a suit pursuant to the provision of Article 47(1) by asserting that he/she, while the suit is pending, has accepted a transfer of the whole or part of the right that is the subject matter of the suit, his/her intervention shall have the effect of interruption of prescription or observance of a statutory term.

弟子たちは初めにはこのことを悟らなかったが、イエスが栄光を受けられた時に、このことがイエスについて書かれてあり、またそのとおりに、人々がイエスに対してしたのだということを、思い起した。 (ヨハネによる福音書 12:16)
His disciples didn't understand these things at first, but when Jesus was glorified, then they remembered that these things were written about him, and that they had done these things to him. (John 12:16)

須恵器及びその製造技法は古墳時代に朝鮮半島南部から伝えられたとされ、5世紀初めには茅渟県陶邑（現在の大阪府堺市中区 (堺市)・南区 (堺市)付近）などで大規模な須恵器の製造が行われて、陶部の形成が行われたと考えられている。
Sueki and its producing technique are said to have been introduced from the Southern area of the Korean Peninsula in the Kofun period, and Suebe is considered to have been formed to manufacture Sueki on a large scale in Suemura, Chinu Province and other places (present-day near Naka Ward and Minami Ward, Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture) in the beginning of the 5th century.

その他、2002年（平成14年）、2006年（平成18年）には2月おわりから3月初めにかけて、南岸前線が停滞したり、朝晩中心に雨の降り易いすっきりしない空が続いて、お天気キャスターの一部では「菜種梅雨の走り?」と評されたりもした。
Other than those years, in 2002 and 2006, the south coast front became stationary and unclear sky which tended to rain mainly in the morning and night continued and certain weather-related casters commented 'the forerunner of natanetsuyu.'

語義については、高崎正秀が後に引く折口信夫の師説を援用して「魂の宿る詞章」と説明するが、既にふれたように、「枕詞」という用語自体が中世以降のものであることを考慮すれば、歌の一番初めに来るので、前書きの意味での「枕」に近いものと思われる。
The meaning of the term is described as 'a verse in which a spirit dwells' by Masahide TAKASAKI based on his master Shinobu ORIKUCHI's opinion, about which we have talked above, but when we consider that the very term 'makurakotoba' came into existence after the medieval period, it is thought to be akin to a 'makura' (literally a 'pillow'), which means a preface, since it is positioned at the head of a poem.

彼女はフィッツパトリック氏を仕切りのところから呼び寄せ、娘は四回のコンサートに対してサインした、だからもちろん、契約書の条件によれば、協会がコンサートを四回開こうと開くまいと、彼女は初めに明記された金額を受け取るべきであると彼に話した。
She called Mr. Fitzpatrick away from his screen and told him that her daughter had signed for four concerts and that, of course, according to the terms of the contract, she should receive the sum originally stipulated for, whether the society gave the four concerts or not.

わたしはイスラエルを荒野のぶどうのように見、あなたがたの先祖たちを、いちじくの木の初めに結んだ初なりのように見た。ところが彼らはバアル・ペオルへ行き、身をバアルにゆだね、彼らが愛した物と同じように憎むべき者となった。 (ホセア書 9:10)
I found Israel like grapes in the wilderness. I saw your fathers as the first ripe in the fig tree at its first season; but they came to Baal Peor, and consecrated themselves to the shameful thing, and became abominable like that which they loved. (Hosea 9:10)

だが、16世紀末から17世紀初めにかけて起きた壬辰倭乱・丁酉倭乱・丁卯胡乱・丙子胡乱の4つの戦乱によって職田制が崩壊し、17世紀後半には免税特権を国家から与えられた宮荘や屯庄が設置されるとともに土地売買の制約が一層緩くなり、荘園制度は最盛期を迎えた。
However, by the four wars of Jinshin waran (the Bunroku War in Korean), the Japanese Invasion in 1597, the First Manchu invasion of Korea and the Second Manchu invasion of Korea, the 'office land' (chikchon) system collapsed and during the late seventeenth century, kyuso or tonsho which were given the privilege of tax exemption from the nation were set up and the constraints on the purchase and sale of land were increasingly loosened and the shoen system culminated.

「ヤマトネコ」という称号は7代孝霊・8代孝元・9代開化、少し離れて22代清寧の諸天皇（『古事記』）にみえ、『記・紀』の編纂が最終段階に入った7世紀末から8世紀初めに存在した持統・文武・元明・元正の諸天皇（『日本書紀』・『続日本紀』）の称号にもみえる。
The title 'Yamatoneko' is used for the seventh Emperor Korei, the eighth Emperor Kogen, the ninth Emperor Kaika, and the twenty-second Emperor Seinei (Kojiki), and is also found in the titles of such emperors as Jito, Monmu, Genmei, and Gensho (Nihonshoki and 'Shoku Nihongi' [Chronicle of Japan Continued]), who existed in the period from the late seventh through the early eighth century when the compilation of the Kojiki and Nihonshoki was in the final stage.

「ヤマトネコ」という称号は7代孝霊・8代清寧・9代開化、少し離れて22代清寧の諸天皇（『古事記』）にみえ、『記・紀』の編纂が最終段階に入った7世紀末から8世紀初めに存在した持統・文武・元明・元正の諸天皇（『日本書紀』・『続日本紀』）の称号にもみえる。
The title 'Yamatoneko' is used for the seventh Emperor Korei, the eighth Emperor Kogen, the ninth Emperor Kaika, and after an interval, the twenty-second Emperor Seinei (Kojiki), and is also found in the titles of such emperors as Jito, Monmu, Genmei, and Gensho (Nihonshoki and 'Shoku Nihongi' [Chronicle of Japan Continued]), who existed in the period from the late seventh through the early eighth century when the compilation of the Kojiki and Nihonshoki was in the final stage.

「ヤマトネコ」という称号は7代孝霊・8代孝元・9代開化、少し離れて22代清寧の諸天皇（『古事記』）に見え、『記・紀』の編纂が最終段階に入った7世紀末から8世紀初めに存在した持統・文武・元明・元正の諸天皇（『日本書紀』・『続日本紀』）の称号にも見える。
The title 'Yamatoneko' is used for the seventh Emperor Korei, the eighth Emperor Kogen, the ninth Emperor Kaika, and, after an interval, the twenty-second Emperor Seinei (Kojiki), and is also found in the titles of such emperors as Jito, Monmu, Genmei, and Gensho (Nihonshoki and 'Shoku Nihongi' [Chronicle of Japan Continued]), who existed in the period from the late seventh through the early eighth century when the compilation of the Kojiki and Nihonshoki was in the final stage.

また5世紀末から6世紀初めにかけて、それまで首長墓を造営してきた古墳群の多くが衰退し、新興の古墳群が出現していることから、ワカタケル大王の王権強化策は成功したが、その一方で旧来の勢力からの反発を招き、その結果として王権が一時的に弱体化したとの説もある。
Furthermore, since towards the end of the fifth and the beginning of the sixth centuries many of the old burial mounds where chiefs were entombed went into decline and new types of burial mounds emerged, it is thought that King Wakatakeru's strategy for strengthening sovereignty succeeded, although his power was temporarily weakened by rebellions from the former powers.

ところが、わたしたち信じている者は、安息にはいることができる。それは、「わたしが怒って、彼らをわたしの安息に、はいらせることはしないと、誓ったように」と言われているとおりである。しかも、みわざは世の初めに、でき上がっていた。 (ヘブル人への手紙 4:3)
For we who have believed do enter into that rest, even as he has said, 'As I swore in my wrath, they will not enter into my rest'; {Psalm 95:11} although the works were finished from the foundation of the world. (Hebrews 4:3)