凶: 357 Terms and Phrases
- 凶
- bad luck
- bad fortune
- evil
- wickedness
- villain
- disaster
- 吉凶
- sunshine and shadow
- fortune
- 元凶
- ringleader
- main culprit
- main cause
- source
- 凶夢
- bad dream
- inauspicious dream
- 凶暴
- brutal
- atrocious
- ferocious
- 凶変
- catastrophe
- assassination
- calamity
- disaster
- 凶相
- bad luck (result from fortune telling)
- evil countenance
- 大凶
- terrible luck
- atrocity
- 凶音
- bad news
- news of a death
- 凶漢
- villain
- outlaw
- assassin
- 凶悪
- atrocious
- fiendish
- brutal
- villainous
- 凶器
- dangerous weapon
- lethal weapon
- deadly weapon
- 凶作
- bad harvest
- poor crop
- bad crop
- famine
- 四凶
- the four inauspicious beasts from Chinese mythology
- 凶悪性
- extreme brutality
- atrocity
- heinousness
- heinous nature
- 凶行人
- brute
- violent criminal
- savage
- 凶暴な
- bestial
- feral
- fierce as a tiger
- rabid
- truculent
- 凶悪な
- flagitious
- heinous
- tough
- 凶状持ち
- person with a criminal record
- violent criminal
- 凶悪犯罪
- atrocious crime
- heinous crime
- 凶悪犯人
- heinous criminal
- vicious criminal
- 吉凶禍福
- good and bad fortune, and weal and woe
- 凶弾に倒れる
- to be shot to death by an assassin
- 凶弾に斃れる
- to be shot to death by an assassin
- 力と凶暴さで
- with force and ferocity
- 凶器準備集合罪
- assembling with dangerous weapons
- 凶悪犯逮捕作戦
- violent criminal apprehension program
- 凶人ドラキュラ
- Dracula: Prince of Darkness
- 隼人塚、凶首塚
- Hayato-zaka Burial Mound and Kyoshu-zuka Burial Mound
- 無情で凶暴な行為
- an act of ruthless ferocity
- 最凶赤ちゃん計画
- Little Man (film)
- 彼の凶暴な目つき
- a frenzied look in his eye
- 悪魔のように凶悪な
- black as the devil
- 凶暴な受刑者用の房
- a cell for violent prisoners
- 有害で凶悪な方法で
- in a malign and evil manner
- 凶器準備集合及び結集
- Unlawful Assembly with Weapons
- 米作は今年は凶作だ。
- The rice crop is poor this year.
- きわめて残忍な凶悪犯
- murderous thugs
- 殺人は凶悪犯罪である
- murder is an atrocious crime
- 邪悪であるか凶悪な人
- a wicked or evil person
- そのとき凶事の知らせ。
- Then bad news arrives.
- 子供は凶悪に殺害された
- the child was heinously murdered
- 凶悪犯による殺人と強盗
- murder and robbery by thugs
- - 崩御以下の凶事(欠巻)
- The ritual at an unfortunate incident, such as the demise of the emperor (a missing volume)
- 「凶事に友を引く」の意味。
- It means 'drawing a friend when in bad.'
- 恐ろしい戦争;恐ろしい元凶
- the awful war; a terrible curse
- ネバー・サレンダー 肉弾凶器
- The Marine
- ピザボーイ 史上最凶のご注文
- 30 Minutes or Less
- 猛烈または凶暴性の恐ろしいもの
- horrible in fierceness or savagery
- 凶悪犯罪者用の刑務所で勤めた期間
- a term served in a maximum security prison
- 「仏も滅するような大凶日」の意味。
- It means 'the extremely bad day when even Buddha perishes.'
- 凶漢が王の馬車に爆弾を投げつけた。
- A fanatic threw a bomb at the king's coach.
- まるで湾曲した、または凶行に及んだ
- as if bent on murder
- 後五白虎金神 家在申 主疾病喪 凶将
- 後五白虎金神 家在申 主疾病喪 凶将
- 魔術師は間違った方向へ導く元凶である
- conjurers are experts at misdirection
- 国衙軍制は凶党の追捕を対象としていた。
- The purpose of the kokuga forces system was to capture gangsters.
- 後三玄武水神 家在子 主亡遺盗賊 凶将
- 後三玄武水神 家在子 主亡遺盗賊 凶将
- 前二朱雀火神 家在午 主口舌懸官 凶将
- 前二朱雀火神 家在午 主口舌懸官 凶将
- 前四勾陣土神 家在辰 主戦闘諍訟 凶将
- 前四勾陣土神 家在辰 主戦闘諍訟 凶将
- 前一螣蛇火神 家在巳 主驚恐怖畏 凶将
- 前一螣蛇火神 家在巳 主驚恐怖畏 凶将
- 後六天空土神 家在戌 主欺殆不信 凶将
- 後六天空土神 家在戌 主欺殆不信 凶将
- 苦悶の影響で、凶暴で破壊的になるだろう
- effects of the struggle will be violent and disruptive
- 陰陽道の「赤舌日」という凶日に由来する。
- It originates from the bad day called 'shakuzetsunichi' in Onmyodo.
- 犯罪または凶悪な行為を行うように刺激する
- incite to commit a crime or an evil deed
- 兼好法師は「吉日に惡をなすに必ず凶なり。
- Kenko Hoshi wrote 'A wicked deed performed on an auspicious day will certainly prove ill-omened.
- 彼はその犯罪の凶悪性に気づいていなかった。
- He was unaware of the enormity of the offense.
- 940年(天慶3)1月、追捕凶賊使に補任。
- February 940: Appointed Tsuibu Kyozokushi (Chief of the Police Officers who subdue the barbarians).
- 占った結果としての吉凶が現れる時期を知る方法
- The method to know the time when the result of divination, a good or bad omen, appears
- 凶器に残された指紋は容疑者のものと一致する。
- The fingerprints left on the weapon correspond with the suspect's.
- 各六曜には、固有の吉凶・運勢が定められている。
- The unique fortunes and the good or bad omens are assigned to each rokuyo.
- 第4巻は風水、建築に関する吉凶説をのべている。
- The fourth volume expounds on the theory of fortune regarding feng shui and architecture.
- 凶暴で危険な状況に対処するよう訓練された警官隊
- a squad of policemen who have been trained to deal with violent and dangerous situations
- ある高僧が地蔵を勧請したことでこの凶行は止んだ。
- However, after a high priest did kanjo (praying for a coming of a deity), Inosasa-o gave up such acts of appalling cruelty.
- 凶器 鉄砲、刀剣その他人を殺傷するに足るべき物件
- Articles such as weapons,guns and knives etc. with sufficient capability to kill or injure humans.
- 自分の凶行の罪はほとんど私を不安にさせなかった。
- The guilt of my dark deed disturbed me but little.
- 凶悪犯またはボディガードとして雇用されるごろつき
- a bully employed as a thug or bodyguard
- この事が後世の米沢藩の財政難の元凶になっている。
- This became the main cause of the financial difficulties of the later Yonezawa domain.
- しかし病魔の元凶は死んではおらず帝を脅かし続けた。
- However, the head of the disease did not die and continued to threaten him.
- 昨年は異常な冷夏で、稲作は10年ぶりの凶作だった。
- It was exceptionally cold last summer, and the rice crop was the worst in 10 years.
- 凶悪殺人犯バート・スティーブンスを覚えているね?
- You remember that terrible murderer, Bert Stevens,
- 上記の話と同様に、釜の音で吉凶を占う話は他にもある。
- In a similar way, there are other tales of divination by sounds from a kama.
- 吉事には2枚、凶事には1枚で折るという決まりもある。
- Normally, two sheets of paper are used for auspicious occasions and a sheet of paper is used for ominous occasions.
- はじまりは正月に行われたその年の吉凶占いに使う弓矢。
- These were originally used for fortune-telling for the year performed at New Year's celebrations.
- 「午前中は吉、午後二時より六時までは凶」と言われる。
- It is said, 'it is good in the morning, but it is bad from 2 pm to 6 pm' on sakigachi days.
- 幸運も不運もあわせ迎える、人生の吉凶を共に受け入れる
- take the bad with the good
- 原因として、凶作、伝染病、過疎、将軍の不信任など様々。
- Among the various causes behind a Tokusei ikki include poor harvests, infectious diseases, a declining population and a lack of trust in the shogun.
- (凶器でなどで)重症を負わせる目的で無謀に攻撃すること
- a reckless attack with intent to injure seriously (as with a deadly weapon)
- 特別なことをする時は骨を焼き、割れ目を見て吉凶を占う。
- When someone had something special coming up, they set fire to a bone to see which way it would crack, as a form of divination.
- - はじまりは正月に行われたその年の吉凶占いに使う弓矢。
- They originate from a bow and an arrow used for fortune-telling of the year conducted on New Year's Day.
- この乱によりキリスト教は幕藩体制を揺るがす元凶と考えた。
- This war made the Bakufu believe that Christianity might shake the feudal system that was characteristic of the shogunate.
- 占筮(吉凶を占うこと)・地相(方位を観ること)の専門職。
- Specialist of senzei (predicting good and bad fortune) and chiso (observing correct direction).
- それは苦労と貧困と、不幸と凶事との一生を見せてゐました。
- and it was sorrow and distress, horror, and wretchedness.
- 凶日であるとして反対する周囲を押し切っての輿入れだった。
- They were married on the black-letter day despite the objections of others.
- 「朝は吉、昼は凶、夕は大吉。ただし葬式を忌む」と言われる。
- It is said that 'the morning is good, the afternoon is bad and the evening is excellent. However, funerals should be avoided' on tomobiki days.
- 野蛮な輝きに対する欲求、ドラムスの凶暴性と色と鼓動のための
- a craving for barbaric splendor, for savagery and color and the throb of drums
- 「そのことは残忍なりといえども 長く僧侶の凶悪を除けり。」
- Although he was cruel, he had removed the evil of priests for a long time.'
- 粥占(かゆうら)とは、粥を用いて1年の吉凶を占う年占である。
- Kayuura is an annual fortune-telling, where people's fortunes for the year are read using Kayu (porridge).
- 凶器を携帯し、刑務官が放棄を命じたのに、これに従わないとき。
- Cases where the inmate maintains the possession of a dangerous weapon against a prison officer's order to surrender it;
- いずれにしても、直毘神は凶事を吉事に直す神ということである。
- In any case, Naobi no kami are deities who change misfortune into fortune.
- そのどちらが起こるかによって吉凶、正邪、成否などを判断する。
- Depending on the result of an act, people determined whether a proposition was fortunate or unfortunate, right or wrong, or successful or unsuccessful.
- また、吉凶の方位を司る八将神(はっしょうじん)の一柱である。
- It is also one of Hasshojin (Eight General Gods) which control good and bad directions.
- とオハロランがファリントンの顔の凶暴な表情に気づいて言った。
- said O'Halloran, observing the violent expression of Farrington's face.
- 打倒するか、破壊する(凶悪であるか有害であると思われる何か)
- overthrow or destroy (something considered evil or harmful)
- 凶をふせぐによろし」とあるように天狐、アナグマにも例えられた。
- It's good to prevent misfortune,' and they are also compared to a fox of the sky or a badger.
- 凶作・水害・疫病が起こると大名は食料獲得のため隣国へ戦争をした。
- In the event of poor harvest, water damage, or epidemic, daimyo made war on neighboring territories for food.
- 警官は凶器を持った強盗の頭をうった。その強盗は即死も同然だった。
- Police shot the armed robber in the head - he died almost immediately.
- 第1巻は牛頭天王の縁起と、様々な方位神とその吉凶を説明している。
- The first volume describes engi (writing about the history) of Gozu Tenno (deity said to be the Indian god Gavagriva) and various Hoi-jin (deities of bearings) and their fortunes.
- 現代で一般的な月将と対応するサイン、その吉凶は以下の通りである。
- Modern signs and one's fortune corresponding to general gessho are as follows:
- 「多勢の恃み有るに似たりといえども、更に凶徒の武勇を敗り難し。」
- We looked to have superiority in numbers but the rebels were stronger than us and hard to defeat.'
- そして平家の都落ち後の木曾義仲による暴虐と、京には凶事が連続した。
- Then the Taira family escaped from the city and there was a tyranny by Yoshinaka KISO, and as a result many catastrophes occurred in Kyoto.
- 社会的失墜を防ぐというただそれだけのために凶行に及んだのでしょう」
- whose sole object was to prevent social exposure.''
- 同年、天皇の命により凶作に備えるため尾張国の屯倉の籾を都に運んだ。
- In the same year, he received an order from the emperor to be in charge of transferring the unhulled rice from Miyake, Owari Province to the capital in order to prepare for an imminent poor harvest.
- この日は六曜の中で最も凶の日とされ、婚礼などの祝儀を忌む習慣がある。
- The day is thought to be the worst day in rokuyo and celebrations like wedding are to be avoided on that day as customs.
- ただし、吉凶よりも運勢の説明で何が語られているかが大切であるとされる。
- However, rather than good or bad, importance is attached to what is being said by the explanation of the fortune.
- かかる凶党に対し、実際に追捕にあたったのは受領率いる国衙機構であった。
- For these gangsters, the kokuga system led by zuryo played the role of actually capturing them.
- はたして、まったくなんの音もでなかったので、この婚姻は凶と判断された。
- However, there is no sound, so this marriage is considered to be a bad fortune.
- 観応の擾乱では、終始直義側に立ち、尊氏から「吉良荘の凶徒」と呼ばれる。
- He stood for Tadayoshi throughout the Kanno Disturbance so that he was called 'a ruffian of Kiranosho' by Takauji.
- 凶党が発生した場合、国衙は即時に中央の太政官へ報告書(国解)を送付した。
- When gangsters started a criminal act, the kokuga sent a report about it (called Kokuge) to Daijokan in the central government.
- 大安などの暦注や語呂合わせによる日の吉凶に惑わされないという教義に基づく。
- The offering is based on the principle of not being caught up in the concept of good and bad omens, which is based on annotations for the calendar such as taian and a play on the words for days.
- この方角に向かって土を動かすのは凶だが、武芸に関することは吉とされている。
- It would bring bad luck to move soil to the direction of this god while it brings good luck regarding warfare.
- 午の刻(午前11時ごろから午後1時ごろまで)のみ吉で、それ以外は凶とされる。
- A shakko day is good only during Uma-no-koku (from around 11 am to 1 pm) and except for that, it is said to be bad.
- マーテイン・ルーサー・キング・ジュニアは暗殺者の凶弾で命を落としたのである。
- Martin Luther King, Jr., a man of peace, was killed by an assassin's bullet.
- その後は天明の大飢饉による寒冷で凶作・飢饉が相次いで藩財政は窮乏していった。
- With the Tenmei Famine when cold weather led to poor harvest over years, the financial situation of the domain was worsened.
- ただし、大将軍の遊行日(ゆぎょうび)が定められ、その間は凶事が無いとされた。
- However, Yugyo bi (day of wandering) for Daishogun was set, and misfortune would not occur during that time.
- しかし、余りにも凶作のときは「破免」(年貢の大幅減)が認められることがあった。
- However, if it was a seriously poor crop, 'hamen' (drastic reduction of land tax) was approved.
- 軍資金を得るべく富豪強奪の凶行に出たのは1884年(明治17年)8月であった。
- It was August 1884 when he committed a robbery at a millionaire's home to obtain the war funds.
- しかしながら、荘園・公領間の紛争において、荘園側は凶党には当たらないこととされた
- However, in disputes between manors and koryo, it was decided that the manor side did not constitute gangsters.
- いざ凶党追捕の際には、国司は武士交名を元にこれらの者を軍事力として編成していた。
- When it was necessary to hunt down and catch outlaws, provincial governors formed forces by referring to the samurai list.
- 特に前者の受領襲撃は、反国家行為として「凶党」と呼ばれ、軍事制圧の対象となった。
- In particular, the former, the persons who assaulted zuryo, were called 'gangsters' as carrying out an anti-national act, and were targeted for military suppression.
- 加えて、明治2年(1869年)の大凶作により、一揆の気配までもが高くなっていた。
- In addition to that, a risk of uprising was mounting due to an extremely poor harvest in 1869.
- 現在は祭りや誕生祝いなど吉事に赤飯を炊くが、古くは凶事に食べていた(→ハレとケ)。
- Although sekihan rice is now prepared for fortunate events, in the old days it was eaten in unfortunate incidents (=>'Hare and Ke' (the dichotomy of sacred and profane)).
- 通し矢のことで、古くは吉凶を占う行為(諸説存在)であり、武芸としては弓術とされる。
- It means toshiya and a kind of Kyujutsu as a martial art, performed to tell someone's fortunein ancient times (upon which there are various theories).
- さらに、この凶悪な運動では、キリスト教・イスラム教の我々の聖地が標的とされました。
- It, furthermore, targeted, in a black campaign, our Christian and Islamic holy places.
- 第2巻は世界最初の神・盤牛王の縁起と、盤牛王の子らの解説、暦の吉凶を説明している。
- The second volume explains engi of the world's first deity, Bango-o, and its children, and also describes fortunes on calendar.
- このような抗争が「お家騒動」の元凶となり、最悪の場合、改易にまで至ることがあった。
- Such strife caused 'family feuds,' leading in the worst cases to the abolishment of the family.
- おみくじの吉凶の量の比率は神社仏閣によって様々であり、近年は凶を減らすところもある。
- The ratio of good to bad fortunes in the mikuji varies among temples and shrines however in recent years some temples and shrines are reducing the ratio of bad fortunes.
- この災難とあの凶行とのあいだに因果関係をつけようとするほど、私は心の弱い者ではない。
- I am above the weakness of seeking to establish a sequence of cause and effect, between the disaster and the atrocity.
- 凶事に当たっては吉祥を表す紅色を使うことを避けたのか、萱草色(橙赤色)の袴を用いた。
- Whether it was because red was avoided due to an association between misfortune or good luck, bright orange hakama were worn.
- これは上杉家にとって大きな痛手となり、景勝の代での衰退と没落の道を辿る元凶となった。
- This War was a serious blow to the Uesugi family and became the most significant source of heading down the path to decline and ruin replacing the picturesque scenery.
- 紀の皇極天皇記には、猿を「伊勢大神の使」として、その声で吉凶を判じたという記述がある。
- In another episode from Emperor Kogyoku in 'Nihonshoki,' the cries of monkeys were taken as omens of good and ill fortune, since they were considered 'servants of the great goddess of Ise.'
- この憎むべき凶行をしるしながら、私は面(おもて)をあからめ、体がほてり、身ぶるいする。
- I blush, I burn, I shudder, while I pen the damnable atrocity.
- しかし、これがかえって出費を招き、さらに領内も凶作が相次いで財政に苦しんだといわれる。
- However, this cost a lot and years of poor harvest continued in his territory, and he suffered from financial difficulties.
- 大将軍(だいしょうぐん)は陰陽道において方位の吉凶を司る八将神(はっしょうじん)の一。
- 'Daishogun' (commander-in-chief) is one of the Hasshojin (of eight general gods) responsible for the fortune of directions in Onmyodo (the way of Yin and Yang; occult divination based upon the Taoist theory of the five elements).
- 徳川家康 - 堺で近習数名と見物中(帰国途路の河内飯盛山(四条畷市)付近で凶報に接する)
- Ieyasu TOKUGAWA: While sightseeing together with a few attendants was informed of the death of Nobunaga near Kawachi Iimoriyama (Shijonawate City, on his way back).
- そして、亀卜(亀の甲を火で焙りひびで判断する卜占)により吉凶を占って新たな斎宮を定める。
- And a new Saigu is chosen by fortune-telling called Kiboku (divination that interprets the fissure that appears after toasting the turtle shell in the fire.
- この日、皇極天皇の眼前で大臣の次期後継者である蘇我入鹿が刺殺されるという凶行がなされた。
- On this day, an act of violence to stab to death SOGA no Iruka, the inheritor to the Oomi was committed in front of Empress Kogyoku.
- また藩は凶作のため正貨で米を買い集めなければならなくなり、兌換の資金が流出してしまった。
- Because of the poor harvest the domain also had to buy rice with coins normally reserved for exchanges of han bills.
- その鎮圧のため派遣された追捕山陽南海両道凶賊使の「主典」(さかん・第四等官)として活躍。
- OKURA no Haruzane played an active role as a sakan (secretary (lowest of the four administrative ranks of the ritsuryo period) in Shitokan (four classifications of bureaucrats' ranks)) Kyozokushi (police officer who subdued the barbarians in the Sanyo and Nankai region) who was dispatched to subjugate the conflict.
- 神意を伺う行為には間接的なものもあり、神前での相撲などの結果如何で吉凶を占う神事もある。
- There are indirect acts for consulting god's will, such as shinji where fortune is told based upon the result of sumo, etc.
- この鳥の寂しげな鳴き声は平安時代頃の人々には不吉なものに聞こえたことから凶鳥とされていた。
- The dreary song of this bird sounded ominous to people around the Heian period, so that the bird was labeled as an ominous bird.
- 輪を回すことで死者に呼びかける目的の他、吉凶や天気を占ったり百度参りに使用する場合もある。
- Rotating the wheel, is used to call to the dead, to tell fortune or weather as well as to use for hyakudo-mairi (one hundred prayer trips).
- 凶暴な人を拘束する手段として、腕を胴体に固く縛り付けるために使われるジャケットのような衣服
- a garment similar to a jacket that is used to bind the arms tightly against the body as a means of restraining a violent person
- 本来吉事(または平時)に食べる白飯を凶事に食べ、逆に凶事の赤飯を吉事に食べるようになった。
- White rice, which was originally eaten for fortunate events (or in ordinary times), has now come to be eaten in unfortunate incidents, while sekihan rice, which was originally eaten in unfortunate cases, has come to be eaten in fortunate cases.
- 釜をかぶった毛むくじゃらの姿の妖怪が、絵馬を手にして吉凶を占っているような姿で描かれている。
- Sekien portrayed the Narikama as a hairy yokai, putting a kama (a metal pot) on and holding a votive picture tablet in his hands as if it is doing fortune-telling.
- また同11年(792年)皇太子安殿親王も病気となり、畿内に水害が起こるなど、凶事が相次いだ。
- Furthermore, in 792, unfortunate incidents happened in succession including the illness of Prince Ate and flood disasters in Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara).
- 加藤は少年・凶人〔ママ〕・犯罪者・極貧者と並んで婦人に選挙権を与えないことを「正理」とした。
- Kato considered it 'logical' not to give a right to vote to women as well as boys, berserk, criminals and the poor.
- その一方、その死に際し『中右記』において「心性頗悪、為人有凶」と評されるなど毀誉褒貶も多い。
- On the other hand, both praises and censures were also given to him, for example, when he died he was described as 'because of the darkness of his mind, he had the misfortune' in 'Chuyuki' (diary of FUJIWARA no Munetada).
- 大将軍は3年ごとに居を変え、その方角は万事に凶とされ、特に土を動かすことが良くないとされた。
- Daishogun changes location every three years, and the direction was considered bad luck for everything, especially activities involving soil.
- その土地の一年の豊作を占う神事で、神社の神主や神官が梓弓で的を射抜きその状態で吉凶を判断した。
- It is a Shinto ritual to tell a fortune about a good or bad harvest for the year, and Shinto priests of judge the fortune by the results of a target shot by azusayumi (a bow made of Japanese cherry birch).
- 凶事が起こった際には死者のたたりと考えて寮の役人を不遇であった皇族の陵墓に送ってこれを慰めた。
- When misfortunes took place, they were regarded as a curse of the dead, and officers of Ryo were sent to the mausoleum of the unfortunate imperial family and consoled the spirit.
- というのも、渡りカラスは、瑞鳥と目されており、人々は、渡りカラスを見て、吉凶を占うからだった。
- because he was considered a bird of good omen and always attracted the attention of men, who noted by his flight the good or evil course of future events.
- 小正月(正月十五日)、平安時代の宮中、清涼殿の東庭で行事がありその年の吉凶などを占ったとされる。
- In the Heian period, on Lunar New Year's Day (15th of New Year), there was a ceremony to tell bad or good luck of the year in Seiryoden (a building for ceremonies) in the East Garden of the Imperial Court.
- 祝いの席などで食べることが多いが祝いの席に限らず、凶事の席(仏事など)に赤飯を食べる地域もある。
- Though sekihan is generally served on festive occasions, it's not limited to celebrations but is also offered on unfortunate incidents (including Buddhist services for the dead) in some regions.
- 母の国へ行きたいと言って泣き叫ぶ子供のような一面があるかと思えば、高天原では凶暴な一面を見せる。
- On one hand, he could scream like a child in order to go to his mother's land, but he also showed a brutish side in Takamanohara.
- が、周知の如く、浅野は最も重要な勅答の儀が行なわれる3月14日に役目を放り出して凶事をおこした。
- As was widely known, however, Asano gave up his duty and caused a tragic accident on March 14 when the most important ceremony for conveying the imperial reply was planned.
- 多くは小正月に神にあずき粥を献ずるときに行われ、占われる内容はその年の天候や作物の豊凶などである。
- It is mainly conducted on the Lunar New Year, when red bean Kayu is offered to the gods, and the fortunes told include information about the year's weather and whether the harvest will be good or bad.
- 卜部氏は古代の祭祀貴族の一つで、占い卜(ぼく)(ぼくせん)による吉凶判断を業としていた氏族である。
- The Urabe clan was one of saishikizoku (nobles in charge of religious rites) in the old time and had been engaged in making judgment on fortune by divining.
- 939年(天慶2年)の承平天慶の乱(藤原純友の乱)鎮圧の追捕山陽南海両道凶賊使長官として九州下向。
- In 939, Yoshifuru went to Kyushu as Tsuibu Sanyo and Nankai Ryodo Kyozokushi Chokan (Chief of the police officers who subdue the barbarians in the Sanyo and Nankai areas) to suppress the Johei and Tengyo War (FUJIWARA no Sumitomo's War).
- また「神事相撲」は、農作物の豊凶を占い、五穀豊穣を祈り、神々の加護に感謝するための農耕儀礼であった。
- Also 'shinji sumo' (Shinto ritual sumo) was held as an agricultural rite in order to find out if they would have a rich or poor harvest, or pray for a rich harvest, and to thank for divine protection.
- それゆえ本厄の年に「厄祓い」・「厄除け」を行い、神仏の加護を受けて凶事や災難を未然に防ぐ慣習がある。
- This is why people practice 'yakubarai' (exorcism of bad luck) or 'yakuyoke' (avoidance of bad luck) at their ages of calamity, in order to pre-empt adversity or misfortune by the help of Shinto and Buddhist deities.
- 音を出す理由は、感謝や喜びを表す為、凶事や悲しみを表す行事においては音を出さない作法(後述)もある。
- Since the purpose of making clapping sounds is to express gratitude or joy, the etiquette is different at solemn events and when expressing sorrows (see below).
- 寛平6年(894年)に新羅の凶賊が対馬を襲撃したとき、島司文室善友は直ちにこれを撃退し、賞を賜った。
- For example, when the barbarians of Shiragi attacked Tsushima in 894, BUNYA no Yoshitomo, the governor of Tsushima, was highly rewarded for fighting off those barbarians.
- 朝廷から変事の吉凶等について、陰陽寮に諮問があった際、六壬神課で占った結果が六壬勘文の形で報告された。
- When inquired by the Imperial court about the fortune of accidents, Onmyoryo reported the results of Rikujinshinka in the form of Rikujin Kanmon (a form of report of the divination practiced by Onmyoji).
- 凶党を捕縛した後は、国衙の検非違使が尋問にあたり、捜査経緯をまとめた報告書を受領から太政官へ進達した。
- After gangsters were captured, the kebiishi (a police and judicial chief) at the kokuga interrogated the criminals, and zuryo sent to Daijokan a report describing how the criminal investigation was conducted.
- 現在の神籤は参詣者が個人の吉凶を占うために行われるもので、これは鎌倉時代初期から行われるようになった。
- Mikuji these days are drawn by visitors to shrines to determine their personal fortunes and this practice became popular from the beginning of the Kamakura period.
- 西南戦争に下士官として従軍し、大津事件を起こした津田三蔵は、これを真に受け凶行に及んだといわれている。
- Sanzo TSUDA, who went to the front with the army as a noncommissioned officer, and caused the Incident of Otsu, believed that he had in fact committed an atrocious crime.
- 陰陽寮は配下に陰陽道、天文道、暦道を置き、それぞれに吉凶の判断、天文の観察、暦の作成の管理を行わせた。
- The Bureau of Divination was made up of divisions dealing with Ommyodo, Tenmondo (the art of divination by observing the movements of the sun, moon, stars and planets, and the weather), and Rekido (masters of the almanac) these three divisions performed divination, observed the movement of the sun, moon, and stars, and created a calendar.
- 吉田兼好や林羅山、新井白蛾、福澤諭吉などが「日の吉凶」を否定することが窺える内容の文章を書き残している。
- Kenko YOSHIDA, Razan HAYASHI, Hakuga ARAI, Yukichi FUKUZAWA and so on left the articles whose subject was the denial of 'the fortune of the day.'
- これは、釜のお湯が沸きあがるときに、牛が吼えるような音がでたら吉、音がでなかったときは凶、となっていた。
- When the water boils in the cauldron, if a sound like lowing cattle is produced, it indicates a good fortune, but if not, a bad fortune.
- 9月、「兵は凶器なり」と指摘した上申書(理事官功程)提出、自身が遊学中に施行された徴兵令の延期を求めた。
- In September, he demanded postponement of the Conscription Ordinance implemented during his travels to study, submitting a report (on education in foreign countries), which indicated 'soldiers are lethal weapons'.
- 地頭請のもとでは、地頭は、豊作・凶作に関わりなく、一定額(一定量)の年貢を領主へ納入する義務を負っていた。
- Under the jitouke, the jito was responsible for paying the feudal lord a certain amount of nengu regardless of the yield.
- 江戸幕府において恩赦は征夷大将軍の大権に属して徳川将軍家や皇室などの慶事・凶事・法事などに際して行われた。
- In the Edo Shogunate the Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') had the supreme power to grant a pardon when either the Tokugawa Shogunate Family or the Imperial Family had an auspicious event, a calamity or held a Buddhist memorial service.
- ある時、凶作によって食料が枯渇し、正月に炊飯する為の竈から煙が上がらないのを高殿に昇った仁徳天皇が見つけた。
- Once upon a time, when Emperor NINTOKU went up to the tower of his palace on New Year's Day, he noticed that there was no smoke rising up from the kitchen chimneys of houses because of shortage of foods due to a bad harvest.
- 占った結果が凶の場合、依頼者から『ではこうしたらどうなるのでしょう?』と聞かれることがあり、その場合への対処
- In the event where the result was bad and a client asks, 'Can I have a different result if I do a certain thing ?'
- 神籤に吉凶の語句が記されず、運勢の説明文・和歌等のみが御籤に記されている寺社もある(滋賀県の多賀大社など)。
- There are also temples and shrines which do not inscribe the good or bad fortune on mikuji, but only have the explanation or waka poetry (such as Taga Taisha shrine in Shiga Prefecture).
- 前項の場合において、凶器を準備して又はその準備があることを知って人を集合させた者は、三年以下の懲役に処する。
- In the case of the preceding paragraph, a person who, having prepared weapons or knowing that weapons have been prepared, causes another to assemble, shall be punished by imprisonment with work for not more than 3 years.
- また日本においては、原始宗教であるアミニズムが色濃く残っており、弓矢は吉凶を占う道具としての側面も持っている。
- In addition, in Japan, animism, a primitive religion, is still believed in strongly and Yumiya has the aspect as a tool to tell fortunes.
- そのため、幕府はそれら凶悪犯を取り締まる専任の役所を設けることにし、「盗賊改」を1665年(寛文5年)に設置。
- Therefore, the bakufu established the 'Tozokuaratame' post as the one dedicated for cracking down these serious crimes in 1665.
- 特に男性の42歳、女性の33歳は大厄と呼ばれ、凶事や災難に遭う率が非常に高いので十分な警戒を要するとされている。
- The age of 42 for men and of 33 for women in particular are called the age of major calamity, at which they are advised to be amply vigilant as they are very likely to suffer adversities and misfortunes.
- 戦死者の霊を弔うため戦場近くに隼人塚、朝廷側の拠点であった豊前国には凶首塚(現在の宇佐市百体神社)が建てられた。
- Hayato-zuka burial mound was built near the battlefield and Kyoshu-zuka burial mound (present Hyakutai-jinja Shrine in Usa City) was built in Buzen Province where the base of the Imperial court was located, in order to mourn for the war dead.
- 天明の大飢饉など、折からの政情不安により発生した無宿が大量に江戸周辺に流入し、様々な凶悪犯罪を犯すようになった。
- There was a huge influx of homeless people into Edo and its environs due to the Great Tenmei Famine and the resulting political instability, and many of the homeless committed a wide variety of serious crimes.
- 当初は順調であったが、凶作による米の値上がりを見込んで商人らが米を隠匿するなどして藩札による買い上げを拒否した。
- Although han bills worked well at first, merchants expected the price of rice to go up because of famine, so they concealed rice and refused to trade it for han bills.
- しかし近衛基熙の日記には、近衛が東山天皇にこの凶事について報告をしたとき、天皇はお喜びになられた旨が記されている。
- However, according to Motohiro KONOE's diary, the Emperor was pleased to hear this misfortune happen when KONOE reported it to the Emperor.
- また、凶事が起こらなくとも、大厄の年齢では肉体的にも体力の低下や反射神経の鈍化など、衰退が顕著になる時期でもある。
- Even if nothing bad happens, physical deterioration may manifest itself as decreased strength or slower reflex at the ages of major calamity.
- 天平時代は華やかな時代というイメージがあるが、一方で天災、凶作、権力者同士の抗争などが相次ぐ不安定な時代でもあった。
- Therefore, the Tenpyo period has the image of a flourishing period, but it was also the period of uncertainty, when many troubles, such as natural calamities, crop failures, and conflicts between influential court nobles, happened one after another.
- 1460年から1461年にかけて、異常気象による凶作と疫病の上に畠山氏の内紛による兵乱により、寛正の大飢饉が起こる。
- The nation was hit by the Kansho Famine from 1460 to 1461, which was caused by disturbances due to the internal troubles of the Hatakeyama clan in addition to a poor harvest because of abnormal weather, as well as an epidemic.
- また古代中国の風水では特定の方位について固定した吉凶をとる考えはなく、鬼門・裏鬼門を忌むのは日本独自の考え方である。
- There is no concept of certain fortune on a certain direction in the feng shui of ancient China, so it is an original Japanese concept to abhor Kimon (the direction of northeast, called an ogre gate) and Urakimon (the direction of southwest which is the opposite side of Kimon).
- 釈迦金輪はその輪宝で九曜等の天体神を折伏するとされ、宿曜道では凶星のもたらす災いを避ける修法の本尊として重視される。
- Shaka Kinrin is believed to have the ability to subdue star gods such as Kuyo (nine-planet crest) using its golden wheel, and it's worshiped in Indian astrology as a deity that has the magical power to avoid misfortunes caused by ominous stars.
- 定免法は、豊凶を考慮しないため農民を、剰余を持たせて逸楽に耽らせ、また困窮させ、逃散(ちょうさん)させる傾向があった。
- Since jomen ho didn't consider the crop situation, it had a tendency to make peasants have surplus and laze, or feel distressed and escape.
- ワシには強さ、ナイチンゲールには歌声、ワタリガラスは瑞兆を知らせ、小ガラスは凶兆を知らす。お前には美しさがあるのです。
- --to thee, beauty; to the eagle, strength; to the nightingale, song; to the raven, favorable, and to the crow, unfavorable auguries.
- さようの日のうち、使役する鬼神の一鬼(第四番目の八嶽卒神)が八面八臂の凶神であるため、その日を赤口日とし凶日とされる。
- In these eight days, because the one of the employed fierce gods (Hachigokusotsushin, the fourth fierce god) is the inauspicious god with eight faces and eight arms, its day is made Shakkonichi and thought to be the bad luck day.
- 赤口日(しやくこうにち・しゃっこうにち)とは、陰陽道の八嶽卒神が支配する日であり、公事・訴訟・契約などの凶日とされる。
- Syakkonichi (Siyakukonichi) is the day ruled by Hachigokusotsushin (Hachigokusosshin) of onmyodo (way of IN and Yang), and thought to be the bad luck day for kuji (public duties), suit and contract.
- 天照大神は月夜見の凶行を知って「汝悪しき神なり」と怒り、それ以来、日と月とは一日一夜隔て離れて住むようになったという。
- According to the myth, Amaterasu Omikami became angry, knowing the cruel deed of Tsukiyomi and condemning him (or her) as a bad god; from that day on, the sun and moon have come to live one night apart from each other.
- 政宗が江戸に廻送を始めて以降、江戸に供給される米の大半は仙台の米となり、作の豊凶は江戸の米相場を支配するほどであった。
- Since the time Masamune had started forwarding the rice to Edo, most of the rice supplied to Edo became the produce of Sendai Domain, thus the market price of rice in Edo was controlled and depended on the crop conditions in Sendai.
- 明治時代に入って、吉凶付きの暦注は迷信であるとして政府に禁止されたとき、六曜だけは迷信の類ではないと引き続き記載された。
- During the Meiji period, rekichu with fortune was regarded as a superstition and banned by the government, but only rokuyo was considered not to be a kind of superstition and continued to be described.
- 最近の凶悪事件をニュースで見るたび、バーチャルな世界と生きる世界の区別がなくなった若者が急増していることに気付かされる。
- These days when I hear about these horrible incidents on the news I get the feeling that more and more young people are losing their ability to distinguish between real and virtual worlds.
- 広嗣は左遷を不服とし、天地の災厄の元凶であるのは、反藤原勢力の要である吉備真備と僧の玄ボウであるとの上奏文を朝廷に送る。
- Objecting to the relegation, Hirotsugu sent a report to the throne in the Imperial Court saying that the ringleaders who caused the disaster to the world were the two main people in the anti-Fujiwara group, KIBI no Makibi and Genbo.
- しかし、戦時中に限らず皇族の凶事がしばらく秘匿されるのは明治以前からの慣習であり、なにも能久親王が特別のことではなかった。
- However, even before Meiji period, it was customary that misfortunes happened in the imperial family were concealed for a while not only during wartime but also during peacetime and thus the case of Prince Yoshihisa was not special.
- 最初に設置されたのは932年(承平 (日本)2年)で、当初南海道で頻繁に出没していた海賊・凶賊を掃討する目的で設置された。
- Tsuibushi was set up for the first time in 932, in order to clean up pirates and barbarians who often haunted Nankaido (Southern Sea Region).
- 医師である彼は、荒々しく、支離滅裂な人々、凶暴な情動をかかえた男たちと女たちの生活そのものに、微に入り近づくことができた。
- He could come so near, into the very lives of the rough, inarticulate, powerfully emotional men and women.
- 田沼意次が幕政に関与した天明年間には折からの政情不安により無宿が大量に江戸周辺に流入し、様々な凶悪犯罪を犯すようになった。
- In the Tenmei Era when Okitsugu TANUMA involved in the shogunate government, due to political instability that existed at that time, many Mushuku flew in and around Edo and became to commit various atrocious crime.
- 元和3年(1617年)、石見津和野藩主だった坂崎直盛が凶行のために改易されると、その後を受けて津和野への移封を命じられた。
- When Naomori SAKAZAKI, the lord of Tsuwano Domain in Iwami Province, committed a crime and was punished by being deprived of his fief in 1617, Masanori was ordered to change the territory to Tsuwano to take over him.
- 礼を重んじて義を行い、聖賢の風を慕い凶邪の念を去り、私欲を哀れんで民を哀れみ、国家が豊かになることのみ朝夕念じておられた。
- He attached value to rei (decorum) and executed gi (justice), and he admired the behavior of saints and sages, and removed evil thoughts and pitied self-interest and thought for the general public and wished day and night that the nation would became rich.
- 為朝は「主人の前から立ち去れ」と言い返すが、政清は「主人ではあったが、今は違勅の凶徒」と言うや矢を放ち、為朝の兜に当たる。
- Tametomo said to him: 'Begone, you who dare to stand against your own lord,' but Masakiyo replied, 'You were my lord once, but now you are just a thug who opposes the Emperor's will,' and shot an arrow which hit Tametomo's helmet.
- また、「凶のおみくじを利き腕と反対の手で結べば、困難な行いを達成つまり修行をしたことになり、凶が吉に転じる」という説もある。
- Furthermore, there is also a theory that if you tie a 'kyo' (bad luck) mikuji with the opposite hand to your better hand, then by achieving or performing such a difficult action you can turn bad luck to good.
- 凶党追捕が完了したときは、凶党の所領・財産は没収され、追捕にあたった武士たちへ恩賞として給与されたのだろうと考えられている。
- It is considered that, after gangsters were captured, their territories and assets were confiscated and were supplied as a reward to the samurai who participated in the capturing actions.
- 大将軍は陰陽道の方位神であり、とくに建築や転居、旅行などにおいて方角の吉凶を司る神であるため、長きにわたり民間の崇敬を集めた。
- Taishogun is a hoi-jin (the directional deity) of Onmyodo (way of Yin and Yang; occult divination system based on the Taoist theory of the five elements), and since it is a god ruling the fortune of directions for construction, moving, and travel, it was worshipped for a long time by the people.
- しかし、その他の凶事(天皇崩御、近親者の喪など)の場合には伊賀・大和路(一志、川口、阿保、相楽)を経て帰還するのが通例であった。
- However, she usually returned home via Iga-Yamato-ji Road (Ichishi, Kawaguchi, Aho, and Sagara) when there were other misfortunes (such as the death of the Emperor and mourning for the deaths of her close relatives).
- 田の神(たのかみ)は、日本の農耕民の間で、稲作の豊凶を見守り、あるいは、稲作の豊穣をもたらすと信じられてきた神 (神道)である。
- Tanokami (deity of rice fields and harvests) is a deity (Shinto religion) that Japanese agricultural people believe watches over a rich or poor harvest and brings about a bumper crop of rice.
- しかし、文明10年(1478年)、敏定が室町幕府から「凶徒退治」を命じられ下国すると、支持勢力を失い、その後の行方は不明となる。
- However, in 1478, when Toshisada was exiled to a minor province by the Muromachi bakufu, he lost his supporters and went missing.
- 雪の中で横になっていても布袋の身体の上だけには雪が積もっていなかった、あるいは人の吉凶を言い当てたなどという類の逸話が伝えられる。
- It is said that no snow accumulated on his body even if he lay down on the ground while it was snowing and that he could foresee other people's future, etc.
- 同神事は、かつて吉備津彦命に討たれた温羅が人々に託宣を下す神となり、釜の音で吉凶が告げられるようになったことが始まりという説がある。
- According to one legend, the ritual was started when an ogre named Ura or Onra, which had been killed by Kibitsuhiko no mikoto and become a deity to give divine messages to people through sounds of steam from an iron pot.
- 定免法では、過去5年間、10年間または20年間の収穫高の平均から年貢率を決めるもので、豊凶に関わらず一定の年貢を納めることになった。
- In jomen ho, the ratio of land tax was determined based on the average crop in the past 5 years, 10 years or 20 years and a fixed land tax was imposed regardless of the crop situation.
- 「マジナヒ、こは物実を構えて、それにまじこり肖しめむと、のろひてする術、但しノロヒは凶からしむ方にのみするを此は吉凶ともにするなり」
- Majinai refers to the magic of pronouncing a curse on the original cause in order to bring down harmful results; Noroi (curse) is concerned with evil omen only whereas Majinai includes both good fortune and evil omen.
- 天明3年(1783年)に浅間山が大噴火し、噴煙が長らく諸国の空を覆い、くわえて天候不順から東日本を中心として凶作が続くようになった。
- Fumes from the major eruption of Mt. Asama in 1783 hung over various districts for a prolonged period, which, being combined with unsettled weather, caused a long-lasting famine mainly in eastern Japan.
- また、WWE等、海外のプロレスなどでは大きい音が出るという利点から、ケンドースティックという名前で凶器 (プロレス)として用いられる。
- Because of the noise they make, shinai are also used as weapons in overseas pro wrestling, such as the WWE, where they are known as kendo sticks.
- ここに至り、田堵負名層らによる対受領闘争(「凶党」行為)はほとんど見られなくなり、代わって荘園と公領間の相論・武力紛争が頻発し始めた。
- Then the conflicts in which persons of the Tato fumyo class fought against zuryo ('gangster'-like acts) almost ceased, and instead, disputes and armed conflicts between manors and Koryo (an Imperial demesne) began occurring frequently.
- 銃器、爆発物その他の凶器を携帯し、又は使用して、刑事施設に侵入し、若しくはその設備を損壊し、又はこれらの行為をまさにしようとするとき。
- Cases where the person, being armed with or using firearms, explosives, or other dangerous weapons, breaks into or damages the facilities of the penal institution, or is about to do so;
- 江戸時代に入ると、足利学校100石の所領を寄進され、毎年の初めにその年の吉凶を占った年筮(ねんぜい)を江戸幕府に提出することになった。
- In the Edo period, the school received a territory capable of yielding 100 koku of rice and at the beginning of the year provided the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) with nenzei (yearly predictions) to foretell the year's fortunes.
- また、浄土真宗では親鸞が「日の吉凶を選ぶことはよくない」と和讃に於いて説いたため、迷信、俗信一般を否定しており、特にタブーとされている。
- And in Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism), Shinran preached in Wasan (Japanese hymns) that 'it is not good to choose the days' fortune,' and thus, in general, superstition or popular belief are denied and especially tabooed.
- 正月16日に執り行われるオシラ遊びの日に1年間の吉凶善悪の神意を問うための年占を行い、同様に子供がオシラ様を廻しその神意を問うたという。
- On the day of Oshiraasobi held on January 16th (old lunar calendar), fortune-telling of the year is done to inquire about the divine will for the fortune, good, and evil of the year, and children spun the Oshirasama in a similar fashion, and inquired about the divine will.
- 当時、太政官から発給された「追捕官符」を根拠に、国司が国内の武士を軍事力として編成し、「凶党」の追捕に当たるという国衙軍制が成立していた。
- Around this time, based on the 'charter to send troops' issued by the Daijokan, the kokuga military system had been established in which provincial governors formed forces with provincial samurais to hunt down and catch 'outlaws.'
- 江戸時代には、陰陽道はもはや政治に影響を及ぼすことはなくなったが、民間で暦や方角の吉凶を占う民間信仰として広く日本社会へと定着していった。
- Although Ommyodo had lost its political clout by the beginning of the Edo period, it became widespread and permeated deeply into Japanese society as folk beliefs; that people used to seek for an auspicious date or direction for special occasions.
- なお、天皇急逝のため、後継の準備の為に実際よりも後の日付で発表されたため、在位日が死亡後も続いている(宮内庁所蔵「後桃園院御凶事前後記」)。
- Since the Emperor died suddenly, it was counted later than the actual date that he died while preparing to succeed to the Imperial throne, the period of his era continued after he died (The collections of the Imperial Household Agency, 'The record of the death of Gomomozonoin').
- 官符によって正当な軍事動員権を獲得した受領は、国衙における軍事指揮者である追捕使・押領使・警固使に凶党捜索や犯罪捜査などの追捕活動を命じた。
- Receiving the kanpu and provided with the right to mobilize soldiers for military purposes, zuryo ordered Tsuibushi, Oryoshi, or Keigoshi, who was the leader of military affairs in the kokuga, to take the actions of searching for and capturing gangsters.
- いずれにせよこれ以後、毎年の米の作柄によって、この数値を基準にして凶作年にはその二割とか三割といった具合に酒造が制限されていくようになった。
- Whatever the reason, sake brewing was limited according to rice yields for each year, starting from this time, in such a manner that no more than 20 or 30 percent of these values was allowed in a poor harvest year.
- 声に出した言葉が現実の事象に対して何らかの影響を与えると信じられ、良い言葉を発すると良い事が起こり、概要な言葉を発すると凶事が起こるとされた。
- It was believed that spoken words had some kind of influence on actual phenomena; that is, good things happened when good words were spoken, while ominous things happened when unlucky words were spoken.
- 宝暦3年(1753年)から宝暦4年(1754年)、出羽国久保田藩は凶作に見舞われ、幕府に願い出て藩札を銀札1匁につき銭70文の相場で発行した。
- From 1753 to 1754, Kubota Domain of Dewa Province suffered from famine, so with permission from the shogunate they issued a ginsatsu with the value of one monme (an old currency unit in Japan) of silver coins as seventy mon (an old currency unit in Japan) of copper coins with permission of the shogunate.
- 紙片には運勢の概要が「大吉・吉・中吉・小吉・凶」など(多い所では「大吉・吉・中吉・小吉・半吉・末吉・末小吉・凶・小凶・半凶・末凶・大凶」など。
- The general outline for fortunes for the slips of paper is daikichi (excellent luck), kichi (good luck), chukichi (moderate luck),shokichi (a little lucky), kyo (bad luck), (and sometimes more including daikichi, kichi, chukichi, shokichi, hankichi (half luck), suekichi (good luck in the future), sueshokichi (small good luck in future), kyo, kokyo (a little bad luck), hankyo (half bad luck), suekyo (bad luck in future), daikyo (very bad luck).
- 領主側から見れば、自らが年貢徴収を行う場合と比べて、凶作時のリスクを回避し、また徴収に係るコストを軽減することができ、大きな利点があると言えた。
- From the viewpoint of the feudal lords, the jigeuke had much greater advantages than collecting nengu by themselves because it enabled them to avoid the risk of a poor harvest as well as to reduce the cost of collecting the nengu.
- その中で東軍配下の足軽骨皮道賢が後方攪乱などのゲリラ戦を試みたが、所詮、盗賊や凶悪人を多く含んだ集団に過ぎず、戦局を打開することは出来なかった。
- Meanwhile, ashigaru (common foot soldier) Doken HONEKAWA of the Eastern camp attempted guerrilla tactics such as harassing the rear, but after all his corps, nothing more than rabble comprising of many thieves and vicious criminals, was unable to break through the stalemate.
- 1981年には、宮野秋彦によって、家相の方位吉凶と自然環境との相関性について研究が進められ中国の西安や洛陽の自然環境に一致すると報告されている。
- In 1981, Akihiko MIYANO studied further the correlation between directional fortune in Kaso and natural environment and reported that it matched the natural environment in Xian and Luoyang in China.
- が、仮名手本忠臣蔵の中で見せたその凶悪な姿から忠臣蔵を扱った時代劇の中では吉良義央に次ぐ悪役として(時には吉良より凶悪に)大活躍することが多い。
- However, since he was described as a villain in 'Kanadehon Chushingura,' Sadakuro ONO often plays outstandingly as the second villain after Yoshinaka KIRA (sometimes even more wickedly than Yoshinaka KIRA).
- 特に神事として祭り矢・祭り弓が盛んに行われたので、射手に選ばれれば、その地域の吉凶を左右する立場から、多くの庶民が的場に通い熟練者に師事を仰いだ。
- Especially since matsuriya and matsuri yumi were performed actively as a Shinto ritual, many common people who might have been selected as an archer to tell fortunes in the region went to matoba and learned from the masters.
- この凶行より前、覚鑁は権力の亡者と化した真言宗門徒の有り様を嘆き、密厳院において長期に渡る無言行を修し、直後に密厳院発露懺悔文を一気に書き上げる。
- Before this rampage, Kakuban lamented the situation of Shingon sect followers who had turned to power mongers, practiced mugon no gyo (the discipline of not talking) for a long time in Mitsugonin Temple, and right after that, he wrote Mitsugonin Confession at one stroke.
- 迷信を忌む宗風から、日や方角の吉凶を選ぶ、守り刀、逆さ屏風、左前の死装束、北枕、六文銭の副葬、振り塩(後述)などの習俗は、原則としておこなわない。
- Due to the style of the sect, which resists superstitions, it does not observe in principle such folkways as selection of date and direction, a sword for protection, an upside-down folding screen, a burial kimono with the right side overlapping the left, sleeping with one's head toward the north, burial of six one-mon coins for the world of the dead and scattering of salt (mentioned later).
- 六壬式占によって吉凶を判断するための道具で、地を表す「輿(よ)」と呼ばれる方形の台座と、天を表す「堪(かん)」と呼ばれる円形の天盤で作られている。
- A tool used for judging good omens or bad according to Rikujin shikisen which consists of a rectangular seat called 'yo' representing earth and a circular canopy called 'kan' representing heaven.
- 友引も本来は「ともに引く」という意味合いで勝負事で引き分けになると考えられていたものであり、吉凶問わず「友人を引き連れる」という意味ではないとする。
- Further, Jodo Shinshu Sect asserts that the original meaning of tomobiki was 'pulling evenly,' which was used as a term expressing a drawn match, not 'pulling friends' regardless of good or bad.
- 外出や造作、宮中の政、戦の開始などの際、その方角の吉凶を占い、その方角が悪いといったん別の方向に出かけ、目的地の方角が悪い方角にならないようにした。
- It was customary that people read an auspicious or inauspicious direction related to the direction in which they went out, constructed houses, administered affairs in the imperial court, and started wars, and when they found the direction inauspicious, they relocated themselves to avoid that direction by once traveling to another place.
- 凶作(前年からの天候不順)、流行病(三日病)、将軍の代替わり(足利義持から足利義教へ)などの社会不安が高まる中、近江国坂本や大津の馬借が徳政を求める。
- With growing social unrest, such as poor harvest (unseasonable weather from the previous year), epidemic (mikka-yami (three-day disease)), and replacement of the shogun (from Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA to Yoshinori ASHIKAGA), bashaku (shipping agents who used horses) in Sakamoto of Omi Province and Otsu demanded debt cancellation.
- 税率を地価に対する一定率とすることにより、従前のように農作物の豊凶により税収が変動することなく、政府は安定した収入を確保することができるようになった。
- By specifying a certain tax rate for land price, tax revenue did not fluctuate by the crop yields of agricultural crops like before and the government could secure stable tax revenue.
- 安永年間より前の宝暦・明和年間(1751~71年)は、越前五郷地方は天候不順がつづき、大雨による洪水や日照り続きの干ばつによって農産物は大凶作となった。
- During 1751 and 1771, Echizen go-go suffered from serious famine because of unsettled weather such as a floods from heavy rain and also a long drought.
- 家相を迷信であるとする主張には、文献間の吉凶統一性の欠如、水周りと鬼門に関する客観的記述と科学的データの欠如、水周り部の科学的根拠の希薄性があげられる。
- The insistence that Kaso is a superstition, raises a lack of unity in literature regarding one's fortune, lack of objective description and weak scientific data regarding surrounding water and Kimon, indicates a dilution of the theory of Kaso.
- おみくじ(お神籤・お御籤・お仏籤・御神籤・御御籤・御仏籤・おみ籤またはみくじ・神籤・御籤・仏籤(みくじ))とは神社・寺等で吉凶を占いために引くくじである。
- Omikuji (also referred to as Mikuji) are sacred lots drawn at temples or shrines to tell one's fortune.
- 陰陽道・易学・天文学に通じていたと伝えられ、伝えられる話にも易学や天文を駆使した伝承が伝わっている(弘前城築城時の城地選定の際、土地の吉凶を占う、など)。
- He is said to have been familiar with Onmyodo (way of Yin and Yang; occult divination system based on the Taoist theory of the five elements), Ekigaku (art of divination), and astronomy, and the stories handed down so far includes traditions in which he made full use of Ekigaku and astronomy (such as telling fortune of the lands in selecting the land for construction of Hirosaki-jo Castle).
- 最近では書かれている運勢が「大大吉」や「大大凶」がある寺社もある)の吉凶の語句で書かれ、探し物・待ち人・健康・金運・生活等の個別の運勢が文章で記されている。
- Recently there are temples and shrines at which the fortunes written include 'daidaikichi' (very very good luck) and 'daidaikyo' (very very bad luck)), and they include sentences describing fortunes related to things you are looking for, a person you are waiting for, health, financial fortune and lifestyle or other personal fortunes.
- イスラエルは我々の畑地、農場、そして工場を標的にし、そのために我々パレスチナ民族の成果を破壊し、貧困や飢餓へと追いやるための凶悪な運動を盛んに展開しました。
- Israel targeted our fields, farms and our factories by waging a black campaign to destroy the achievements of our Palestinian people and to drive them into poverty and hunger.
- それから一年ほども後のことだろうか、18××年の10月に、ロンドンは稀に見る凶行に騒然とし、その被害者の地位の高さゆえに、よりいっそうそれだけ注目を集めた。
- NEARLY a year later, in the month of October, 18 -- , London was startled by a crime of singular ferocity and rendered all the more notable by the high position of the victim.
- 明治3年(1870年)3月14日、東北の平定が未だに行き届かないこと、諸国の凶作、国費の欠乏など諸々の理由で京都への還幸を延期することが京都市民に発表された。
- On March 14, 1870, it was announced to the citizens of Kyoto that the emperor's return to Kyoto would be delayed citing the suppression of Tohoku which had not been taken over yet, bad harvest, and the lack of national funds.
- 石燕が遊び絵として創作したものとの説や、凶作が続いた時期に年貢を厳しく取り立てられた農民の怨みの念が、古い蓑や草鞋に乗り移って付喪神と化したものだとの説がある。
- Some people insist that Sekien created it for fun, while others believe that it was a tsukumo-gami (a type of Japanese spirits that originate in items or artifacts that have reached their 100th birthday and become alive) transmuted from an old straw raincoat and straw sandals which had been possessed by the grudge of farmers upon whom heavy taxes had been imposed at prolonged poor harvest time.
- 602年(推古天皇10年)、観勒に師事して『吉を取り凶を避ける術』とされた兵書の忍術である遁甲を修め、日本における遁甲方術の祖となった(日本書紀・巻第二十二)。
- In 602, YAMASHIRO studied and mastered tonko which was ninjutsu described in the book of military science as 'art to seize good luck and to circumvent bad luck' under Kanroku and became the founder of the principles of tonko hojutsu in Japan (Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan) Volume 22).
- 天文博士の職掌は、天体を観察し異変があればその吉凶を占って密封して奏聞する(これを天文密奏という)こと、及び天文生に天体を観察し吉凶を占う方法を教えることだった。
- Tenmon hakase observed the celestial bodies and reported in fortune-telling, which was sealed if there was any unusual event (it's called tenmon misso), and also taught the students the way of fortune-telling through astronomical observation.
- しかし第7代藩主・小出英タケの頃から飢饉や旱魃、洪水などの天災によって藩財政の窮乏化が表面化し、天明7年(1787年)には凶作と米価高騰などから百姓一揆が発生する。
- However, from around the time that Hidetake KOIDE became the seventh lord, the domain was assailed by a series of disasters including famine, drought, and flooding, weakening the finances of the administration, and, in 1787, a bad harvest and jump in rice price caused a peasant's revolt.
- すると誰が始めたかわからないが、おのおの凶器や素手で、動けぬ下地を散々になぶりはじめ、東仲宗根村の「不知畩(しらぬい)」という者が打擲した時、遂に息絶えてしまった。
- The person who started it was not known, but then the islanders started hitting Shimoji who could not move, with their hands and weapons, and he died when a person called 'Shiranui' from Higashinakasone Village hit him.
- 前九年の役の際に河内源氏の源頼義、源義家父子に与力し、凶徒調伏などで功績を認められ、康平6年(1063年)に下野國守護職および下野國一之宮別当職、宇都宮座主となる。
- During the Zen Kunen no Eki (Former Nine Years' Campaign), Soen cooperated with MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi and his son MINAMOTO no Yoriie of the Kawachi-Genji (the Minamoto clan of Kawachi Province), and received credit for subjugating the rebellion, thereby being appointed Shugoshiki (Military Governor) of Shimotsuke Province, Bettoshiki (the office of head administrator) of Ichinomiya (a shrine occupying the highest rank among the shrines of a province) of the Shimotsuke Province and Utsunomiya Zasu (titular head of the Utsunomiya Futaarayama-jinja Shrine).
- 大阪府東大阪市の瓢箪山稲荷神社で今も行われる辻占は、通りすがりの人の言葉ではなく、その人の性別・服装・持物、同行の人の有無、その人が向かった方角などから吉凶を判断する。
- The tsujiura still practiced at Hyotanyama-Inari Shrine, Higashi Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture judges fortunes not based on the words of passers-by, but on his or her sex, dress, belongings, whether accompanied or not, and the direction which he or she took.
- ちなみに三成の善政を示すものとして、古橋の領民が凶作で苦しんでいるとき、三成は年貢を免訴して領民を助けたり、様々な法令を制定して領内を整備するなどの手腕を発揮している。
- Good government by Mitsunari was exemplified by the exemption of nengu (land tax) to help the people living in Furuhashi who suffered a poor harvest, and enacting a variety of laws and ordinances to improve the inside of the territory.
- 農産物の大凶作とともに製紙原料の楮(こうぞ)や雁皮(がんび)などの自生植物も採取が困難となり、特に鳥の子に用いる雁皮は栽培が不可能で、製紙業も原料入手難から困窮を極めた。
- Not only agricultural products but also wild plants such as kozo and ganpi that were the resources used to make paper, became difficult to collect, and because especially the ganpi used for torinoko was impossible to cultivate, paper manufacturing fell into extreme poverty because of the difficulty of obtaining materials.
- 結果として、恒常的な借り入れ関係が生じ、更に領内の凶作によって蔵屋敷への年貢米(蔵米)や特産品(蔵物)搬入が減少するなどで売却代金によって返済しきれなくなる事態も生じた。
- Finally domains started to borrow money constantly, and sometimes their debt could not be paid back when enough sales money was not earned from annual rice tax and local products because of poor harvest in the domain.
- サンフランシスコの沖合いの島にある、以前は凶悪犯の収容先だったこの刑務所の特徴は、その厳重な警備と恐ろしいけれどもわくわくする脱獄未遂の逸話がたくさん残されていることです。
- On an island off San Francisco, Alcatraz housed some of the biggest criminals. It is unique both for its maximum security and fascinatingly morbid and unsuccessful escape stories.
- でも、凶暴なオオカミや野生のカラスや刺すハチたちがいなくなり、奴隷たちが臆病ライオンにおどかされて追い払われたので、ドロシーと友人たちを倒すにはこれしかないと考えたのです。
- But now that her fierce wolves and her wild crows and her stinging bees were gone, and her slaves had been scared away by the Cowardly Lion, she saw there was only one way left to destroy Dorothy and her friends.
- また、義家の武勇を讃嘆する一方で、経清の処刑をわざわざ切れ味の悪い刀で、苦しめながら首を落とした、などとえがくなど、一方で武士の凶暴さ、執念深さについても筆をふるっている。
- While praising Yoshiie's bravery, the diary also describes the viciousness and vindictiveness of samurai by depicting scenes such as Tsunekiyo's execution in which he was deliberately beheaded using a blunt sword in order to make him suffer.
- 東海道を下る追討軍は、出発が伸びている間に各地の源氏が次々と兵を挙げ、進軍している情報が広まっていたために兵員が思うように集まらず、夏の凶作で糧食の調達もままならなかった。
- Going down the Tokaido road, Koremori's army had difficulty not only recruiting soldiers due to the information that the Minamoto clan around the country were raising armies one after another and on the advance, disseminated while his army was procrastinating but also procuring food due to the poor crop during the summer.
- 天正10年(1582年)5月、明智光秀は戦勝祈願のために愛宕神社に参蘢し、本能寺の織田信長を攻めるかどうかを占うためおみくじを引き、3度の凶の後、4度目に吉を引いたという。
- In June 1582, Mitsuhide AKECHI confined himself to Atago-jinja Shrine to pray for victory where he drew omikuji lots to determine whether or not he should attach Nobunaga ODA at Honno-ji Temple, and it is said that after three lots predicting misfortune, the fourth predicted good luck.
- 大正時代まで盛んであった弓矢も日本の価値観や文化(目星を付ける・的を射る・射幸心)に影響を与え、その年の吉凶を占うことから「矢取り」に選ばれたものは的場に足げく通ったという。
- Japanese archery, which was popular up through the Taisho era, has also had a significant influence on the culture of Japan and the values of its people (as seen in terms like 'to target,' 'to be on the mark' and 'speculative spirit' (lit. 'the hitting good fortune heart'), all of which derive from words used in archery), and because people determined the luckiness of each year by divination, the one selected to be 'arrow taker' often went down to the 'target area'.
- 全ての事象は、それだけが単独で存在するのではなく、「陰」と「陽」という相反する形(例えば明暗、天地、男女、善悪、吉凶など)で存在し、それぞれが消長をくりかえすという思想である。
- It is the idea that all the phenomena do not exist independently, but exist in one of two conflicting forms, 'yin' and 'yang' (for example, light and darkness, heaven and earth, men and women, good and evil, good fortune or bad), each one repeating rise and fall.
- 941年に追捕凶賊使となり、小野好古とともに藤原純友の乱の平定に向かうが、ここでも既に好古によって乱は鎮圧されており、純友の家来を捕らえるにとどまるが、それも武勲と見なされる。
- He became Tsuibu Kyozokushi (Chief of the police officers who subdue the barbarians) in 941 and went to suppress FUJIWARA no Sumitomo's War with ONO no Yoshifuru, however the war was already suppressed by Yoshifuru and Tsunemoto only caught Sumitomo's aides, but this time as well, he was considered as Bukun (deeds of arms).
- 鎌倉幕府の権威を背景に荘園を侵略し、豊作凶作にかかわり無く一定額の年貢で荘園管理を一切請け負わせる地頭請や、荘園を地頭分と領家分に強引にわける下地中分など、一部で横暴も多くあった。
- With the backing and authority of the Kamakura bakufu, jito could (and many did) treat shoen very harshly; given their total contractual power over shoen to collect the predetermined amount for the annual tax regardless of whether it had been a good or a poor harvest, and their power forcibly to divide the land in a shoen into the jito's private section and the (absentee) owner's section, many jito were oppressive and little more than tyrants, in a sense.
- 拝借金が貸与される例として居城の罹災や領内の災害・凶作、勅使や朝鮮通信使への接待などの幕命による御用遂行、転封、幕府の役職就任(京都所司代や大坂城代、遠国奉行など)などが挙げられる。
- Examples of Haishakukin loans included for damage to the castle, disaster and bad harvest in the territory, execution of official business under the orders of the bakufu such as the reception of Imperial envoys or Chosen Tsushinshi (Korean envoys), changing the territory, accession to a post in bakufu (e.g., Kyoto shoshidai [the Kyoto deputy], Osaka jodai [the keeper of Osaka-jo Castle], ongoku-bugyo [the collective name of the magistrates placed at important areas directly controlled by the government in the Edo period].)
- 文明10年(1478年)、幕府は敏定の尾張入国を推進し、嫡流「織田伊勢守家」に代わって幕府から尾張守護代を任命され、「凶徒退治」を命ぜられた(幕府は西軍の斯波義廉と織田敏広を兇徒とした)。
- In 1478, the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) appointed Toshisada to the shugodai of Owari in place of the 'Oda Isenokami family' and ordered him to 'exterminate rebels' (the bakufu regarded Yoshiyasu SHIBA and Toshihiro ODA of the West Squad as rebels).
- 天保の改革においては物価吊り上げの元凶とされた株仲間の解散を行ったが、当時の株仲間がこうした行為を組織ぐるみで行っていたという証拠は無く、却って流通の混乱を生じさせて更なる諸色高直を招いた。
- Kabunakama (merchant guilds) were dissolved during the Tenpo Reforms (a series of reforms carried out in Tenpo era) because they were considered as the villain of raising the commodity price, but there was no evidence that the kabunakama were systematically committing such an act, and instead, the dissolution of the guilds made the distribution system even more troubled, causing further shoshiki-kojiki.
- 基本的に、北斗七星・九曜・十二宮・二十七宿または二十八宿などの天体の動きや七曜の曜日の巡りによってその直日を定め、それが凶であった場合は、その星の神々を祀る事によって運勢を好転させようとする。
- Basically, a chinichi (a specific day on which a heavenly body exerts an influence on the Earth) is determined based on the movements of the celestial bodies—such as the Big Dipper, Kuyo (the nine primary celestial beings), the twelve signs of the zodiac, nijunanashuku (twenty-seven mansions of the Chinese constellation) or nijuhachishuku (twenty-eight mansions of the Chinese constellation)—and the rotation of what were known as the 'seven luminaries', and if Kyo (bad fortune) was predicted, the gods of the star in question were enshrined to bring good fortune.
- 二人以上の者が他人の生命、身体又は財産に対し共同して害を加える目的で集合した場合において、凶器を準備して又はその準備があることを知って集合した者は、二年以下の懲役又は三十万円以下の罰金に処する。
- When two or more persons assemble for the purpose of jointly harming the life, body or property of another, any participant of the assembly who has prepared weapons or knows that weapons have been prepared, shall be punished by imprisonment with work for not more than 2 years or a fine of not more than 300,000 yen.
- この伝説によると将門は、妙見菩薩の御利生で八カ国を打ち随えたが、凶悪の心をかまえ神慮に憚らず帝威にも恐れなかったため、妙見菩薩は将門の伯父にして養子(実際には叔父)の平良文の元に渡ったとされる。
- According to this legend, Masakado conquered eight provinces with the gorisho (prayer answered) of Myoken Bosatsu, but because he had a cruel heart, paid no mind to what the gods might think, and had no fear of the Emperor's authority, Myoken Bosatsu crossed over to TAIRA no Yoshifumi's side, who was Masakado's uncle (an older brother of Masakado's father through adaption who was in actuality, younger brother of Masakado's father).
- 真言宗の建て直しを図るが、この強硬策に当然に反発した上下の僧派閥は覚鑁と激しく対立、遂に1140年、覚鑁の自所であった金剛峯寺境内の密厳院を急襲してこれを焼き払ったうえ金剛峯寺追放という凶行に出る。
- He tried to rebuild Shingon sect, but naturally, higher and lower priest factions revolted against his hard-line measures and were bitterly confronted Kakuban, and finally in 1140, they went on a rampage to conduct a raid on Kakuban's living place, Mitsugonin Temple, in the precincts of Kongobuji Temple to burn it, and banished him from Kongobuji Temple.
- しかし、菅原道真の死後、相次ぐ天変地異や、道真を左遷に追い込んだ藤原時平の子孫たちの相次ぐ急死、更には930年の清涼殿落雷事件による醍醐天皇崩御等という凶事を理由に、間もなく彼の子孫は朝廷に呼び戻された。
- However, when Sugawara no Michizane's death was followed by a series of tragic accidents and natural disasters, with a number of descendants of Fujiwara no Tokihira who had slandered Michinaga dying suddenly in succession and the Emperor Daigo being killed in the Seiryo-Den lightening strike of 930, Michinaga's descendents were quickly called back to Court.
- 検察若しくは警察の職務を行い、若しくはこれを補助する者、法令により拘禁された者を看守し、若しくは護送する者又はこの法律の規定により調査に従事する者に対し、凶器又は毒劇物を携え、多衆共同してなす刑法第九十五条の罪
- An offense under Article 95 of the Penal Code, committed collectively by carrying any deadly weapon or poison, against any person engaged in prosecutorial or police duties, any assistant to such official, any person who guards or escorts persons in legal custody, or any person engaged in an investigation under this Act.
- またこうした政と祭りに一致は中央政府に限らず、地方や町や集落でも、その年の吉凶を占う祭りや、普請としての祭りが行われ、「自治としての政」に対し資金調達や、吉凶の結果による社会基盤の実施の時期の決定や執政の指針とした。
- Such unity of politics and religion was not limited to the central government, however; in the provinces, towns and villages of Japan, festivals were held to determine whether the area in question could expect to enjoy good fortune or to conduct construction work so as to raise funds for 'autonomous matsurigoto' and, based on the results of the fortune telling, to determine when to start social infrastructure work and provide guidance for the administration.
- この信虎追放には『勝山記』や向嶽寺など甲斐国内史料に記される信虎の対外侵攻の軍役や凶作に際しての重税など「悪行」を原因とする説から、『甲斐国志』による合意による隠居であったとする説、今川義元との共謀説などの諸説ある。
- There are various theories regarding Nobutora's banishment including the theory it was due to `inappropriate behavior' such as Nobutora's military services in invasions outside the country or increasing taxes during poor harvests, which are described in Kai Province historic materials such as 'Katsuyamakia' (the chronology of Kai Province) and Kogaku-ji Temple, the theory that Nobutora's banishment was a retirement based on agreement, which was described in 'Kai koku shi' (Records of Kai Province), and another theory is that Harunobu conspired with Yoshimoto IMAGAWA.
- 実際、墾田永年私財法は荘園制を発生させ律令制を崩壊に追いやった元凶のように論じられていたが、実態は人民の生活保障のために執られた土地政策の一環で、律令を否定するどころか律令の法目的を補強するものであった事が判明している。
- In fact, although it was argued that the Law Permitting Permanent Ownership of Newly Cultivated Land was very much like the main cause of the Ritsuryo system collapse by allowing the development of the manorial system, it has been proved that the law was for reinforcing the Ritsuryo system as part of the land policy, which was undertaken to guarantee the livelihoods of the people.
- 9月29日、「広嗣は凶悪な逆賊である。狂った反乱を起こして人民を苦しめている。不孝不忠のきわみで神罰が下るであろう。これに従っている者は直ちに帰順せよ。広嗣を殺せば5位以上を授ける」との勅が九州諸国の官人、百姓にあてて発せられた。
- On October 28, the emperor issued an imperial decree to the government officials and farmers in Kyushu provinces, stating 'Hirotsugu was a gyakuzoku (rebel). He was making people suffer by raising unjustifiable rebellions. He would incur divine punishment due to extreme disloyalty. Those who followed him should return to their former allegiance immediately. If you killed Hirotsugu, you would receive goi (Fifth Rank) or higher.'
- 「仔細ありてこもりし居の身も、今日免許のときを得て、御教書到来武将へ謁する都入り。少しもこの身に凶事あれば、その身は重罪。かなわぬ事だ。自滅したのはうぬが仕合せ。もがくな。もがくな。はてよい様な。」と大学之助は嘲笑い悠々と立ち去る。
- Daigakunosuke laughs mockingly and says, 'I have been confined to my home for some reason, but now, having received an official message to forgive me, I am going to Kyoto to see my lord. If anything happens to me, you will be severely punished. You cannot do that. It is better for you to perish. Don't struggle, don't struggle. You look miserable.' and he leaves there relaxed.
- 悪霊の討伐として抜擢された源三位入道頼政(源頼政)は、元凶である鵺(ヌエと読み。頭はサル、胴体はタヌキ、手足はトラ、尾はヘビ。元はトラツグミの不気味な鳴き声のみから想像したもので形は曖昧だったともいう)という妖怪・もののけを弓矢で退治した」
- MINAMOTO no sanmi nyudo Yorimasa (MINAMOTO no Yorimasa) was selected as a leader to attack the evil spirit and got rid of the monster called nue (a monster with a monkey head, raccoon dog's body, tiger's paws and feet and a snakes' tale, which was originally imagined by an eerie voice of a White Thrush. It is also said that the figure was not clear).'
- 遊部は、天皇の喪に籠もる一番近い肉親以外で、殯宮に入り、崩御した天皇に2人1組で仕える役で、刀と矛を持つのが禰義(ねぎ)、刀と酒食を持つのが余比(よひ、よし)と言い、死者の魂(凶癘魂:きょうれいのたましい)が荒振らないように鎮魂の儀式を行う。
- Besides his closest relatives, Asobibe were those who seclude themselves in the death of an Emperor; they had roles of going into the funeral parlor in pairs and served for the dead Emperor; the one with the sword and the shield were called Negi, and the one with the sword and provide sake and women were called Yohi or Yoshi, and performed ceremonies so that the spirit of the dead (the spirit of kyorei) would not do harm.
- この事件をきっかけに蓑田胸喜ら原理日本社の右翼、および菊池武夫 (陸軍軍人)(貴族院 (日本))や宮澤裕(衆議院・立憲政友会所属)らの国会議員は、司法官赤化の元凶として帝国大学法学部の「赤化教授」の追放を主張、司法試験委員であった滝川を非難した。
- Due to this incident, Muneki MINODA and others from the right wing group, Genri Nihonsha, Takeo KIKUCHI (army veteran) (House of Peers (Japan)), Yu MIYAZAWA (House of Representatives, affiliated with Rikken Seiyukai) and other Diet members proposed the exile of 'Red (communist) Professors' in the Faculty of Law in imperial universities as the cause of communist judges and accused Takigawa, who was a member of the bar test board.
- 検察若しくは警察の職務を行い、若しくはこれを補助する者、法令により拘禁された者を看守し、若しくは護送する者又はこの法律の規定により調査に従事する者に対し、凶器又は毒劇物を携え、多衆共同してなす刑法第九十五条(公務執行妨害及び職務強要)に規定する行為
- The act prescribed in Article 95 of the Penal Code (Obstructing or Compelling Performance of Public Duty), performed collectively by carrying any deadly weapon or poison, against any person engaged in prosecutorial or police duties, any assistant to such official, any person who guards or escorts persons in legal custody, or any person engaged in an investigation under this Act; or
- 5世紀から6世紀頃、陰陽五行説が仏教や儒教とともに日本に伝わったとき、陰陽五行説と密接な関係をもつ天文、暦数、時刻、易経といった自然の観察に関わる学問、占術とあわさって、自然界の瑞祥・災厄を判断し、人間界の吉凶を占う技術として日本社会に受け入れられた。
- When the Ommyo-gogyo-setsu theory was introduced to Japan together with Buddhism and Confucianism during the 5th and 6th centuries, it combined the studies and art of divination that involve the observations of Nature, including astronomy, Rekisu (a study to establish a calendar by calculating the solar and lunar movements), time science, Iching (Book of Changes), and became adopted in Japanese society as fortune telling techniques that could serve human needs based on the auspicious and inauspicious signs identified in Nature.
- 諏訪大社下社春宮のものについて述べれば、 1月14日夜から粥炊舎にもうけられた大釜のあずきがゆのなかに、葭の筒をいれ、終夜煮たて、翌15日朝、神前にそなえ、祭典をおこなったのち葭筒を割り、筒内の粥の分量を量って農作物のうちさだめられた種の豊凶を判定する。
- In Suwa Taisha Shrine Shimosha Harumiya, reed tubes are put into a big pan of red bean Kayu at the Kayu boiling house on the evening of January 14th, simmered through the night, and offered to the gods on the morning of the 15th; after the festival, the tubes are broken open, and the amount of Kayu in the tubes is measured to see whether predetermined kinds of crops will have a good or bad harvest.
- 国民が最低限度必要とする食料は、凶作、輸入の途絶等の不測の要因により国内における需給が相当の期間著しくひっ迫し、又はひっ迫するおそれがある場合においても、国民生活の安定及び国民経済の円滑な運営に著しい支障を生じないよう、供給の確保が図られなければならない。
- Even in the case when the domestic food supply and demand get stringent or likely to be so for a considerable period of time due to poor harvest or interrupted imports, the minimum food supply shall be secured so that no significant adverse effect is generated to the stable life of the citizens and smooth operation of national economy.
- 村田あがによれば、江戸時代では、家主の居間奥居間を元とする考えが多いと述べており、家主が長期不在の場合は、一家の吉凶を敷地中心点で取りつつも同敷地内にて生活する留守居番の吉凶は、留守居の住まいの中心で判断するなど中心が2箇所とる考え方があったと述べている。
- Aga MURATA wrote that during the Edo period, the living room of the owner or the inner living room is considered as the center of the house, in the case of an owner being absent for a long period of time, it becomes necessary to protect one's fortune by selecting one more center of the premise with a caretaker who serves as an owner, in which case one can think of a house having two centers.
- 諸学の導入が進むと、日本においては『日月星辰の運行・位置を考え五行思想相生相克の理による吉凶禍福を判じて未来を占い、人事百般の指針を得る』ことが重要であると考えられるようになり、吉凶を判断し行動規範を得るための方策として陰陽五行思想が重視されることとなった。
- As the introduction of these learnings progressed, a perception developed, whereby, to 'predict the future and receive guidance for everything concerning human life by studying the movements and positions of nichigetsuseishin (the sun, the moon, and the stars) and to judge good, bad, auspicious or harmful signs based upon the principles of gogyo and the way of productive and conflicting relationships in the natural world' became important and greater faith in the principles of inyo gogyo as a measure used to establish codes of conduct by judging good and bad fortunes.
- また、弁官局は職掌によって左右に分かれているが、官宣旨はその職掌とは無関係に吉事(一般の行政・事件)は左弁官が、凶事(犯罪者の追捕)は右弁官が発給することとなっており、しかも前者が発給する(「左弁官下文」)が圧倒的に多いため、前者のみを官宣旨と称する場合もある。
- Benkankyoku had two benkans according to its duties: benkan of the right (called ubenkan) and benkan of the left (called sabenkan), but kansenji were issued irrespective of these duties, that is, kansenji on happy events (ordinary administrative events) were issued by sabenkan, whereas kansenji on unhappy events (additional arrests) are issued by ubenkan, and since edicts issued by the former (called 'sabenkan gebun') are predominantly numerous, some claim that only this type of documents are kansenji.
- 日本の陰陽道は、陰陽道と同時に伝わってきた道教の方術に由来する方違え、物忌、反閇などの呪術や、泰山府君祭などの道教的な神に対する祭礼、さらに土地の吉凶に関する風水説や、医術の一種であった呪禁道なども取り入れ、日本の神道と相互に影響を受けあいながら独自の発展を遂げた。
- Japanese Ommyodo developed in a unique way under the reciprocal influence of Shinto while adopting the various arts and skills from Taoism, introduced into Japan together with Ommyodo; they include Katatagae (practice of reaching a destination taking a different direction than going directly from one's house by putting up somewhere the night before), Monoimi (fasting, abstinence, and confinement to one's house on an unlucky day), Henbai (special footsteps in the art of Japanese public entertainment, believed to have magical powers), Taizanfukunnsai (a spirit exchange ritual), Fusuisetu, and Jukondo (an art of medicine).
- 「西郷隆盛は実は生きており、ロシアに保護されていて、ロシア皇太子訪日と同時に日本に帰ってくる」という噂を真に受け、西郷が生存しているなら津田自身の西南戦争での武勲も取り消されるのではないかと恐れて凶行に及んだとされるが、動機を裏付ける供述は得られておらず諸説が多い。
- Although there was no supporting testimony, one of the many rumours was that, upon accepting as truth the rumour that 'Takamori SAIGO was actually alive and being protected by Russia, returning to Japan with the Russian crown prince,' TSUDA feared if SAIGO was alive the deeds of valour he performed in the Satsuma Rebellion would be retracted, so committed the crime.
- 分類は、文筆・朝儀・神祇官・太政官・摂籙家・公卿家・別奏・功労・廷尉・内記・紀伝・陰陽道・暦道・天文道・医道・仏事・太宰府・異国・雑文・凶事・諸国雑事・諸国公文・諸国功過の各項目であるが、これは現存する部分についてであり、失われた9巻にどのような分類が含まれていたのかは不明である。
- The classification includes such items as literary art, chogi (ceremony at Imperial Court), Jingikan (Department of Divinities), Daijokan (Grand Council of State), the Setsuroku family (the family which produced the Regent and the Chief Adviser to the Emperor), the Kugyo family (kugyo means a Court noble), besso, achievements, teii (Chinese name of police), naiki (secretary of the Ministry of Central Affairs), kiden (biographical books), Onmyodo (yin-yang philosophy), rekido (the study of the calendar), tenmondo (astrology), ido (medical ethics), Buddhist service, Dazaifu (local government office in Kyushu region), foreign countries, miscellaneous writings, misfortunes, shokoku-zatsuji (miscellaneous matters of various districts), shokoku-kumon (official documents of various districts) and shokoku koka (merits and demerits of various districts), however, these items are about existing parts, therefore, it is unknown what kinds of classification were included in the missing nine volumes.
- 他に、細い竹管などを米などとともに鍋釜で煮て、炊き上げた後に管を割いて中に入った粒の数を数えるもの(この場合、12本の管を入れて1か月ごとの天候を判断したり、その地域で作られる作物の数だけ管を入れて作物別の豊凶を判断したりする)や、粥を数日間放置して、カビの生え具合で占うものもある。
- Other methods include simmering small bamboo tubes and rice in a pan and, after the rice is boiled, cutting the tubes to see how many rice grains entered them (in this method, twelve tubes are used to see the climate of each month, or the same number of tubes as the kinds of crops in the area to see the future of each crop), or simply leaving the Kayu for a few days and telling the future by how the mold grows on it.
- やがて平安時代中期以降に、摂関政治や荘園制が蔓延して律令体制がさらに緩むと、堂々と律令の禁を破って、正式な陰陽寮所属の官人ではない「ヤミ陰陽師」が私的に貴族らと結びつき、彼らの吉凶を占ったり災害を祓うための祭祓を密かに執り行い、場合によっては敵対者の呪殺まで請け負うような風習が横行した。
- Before long, as the ritsuryo system became more relaxed after the mid-Heian period, with the Sekkan seiji (politics run by the sessho and kanpaku) and the shoen (manor) system becoming widespread, a custom developed in which 'illegal onmyoji,' who were not bureaucrats that belonged officially to the Onmyoryo, openly violated the ritsuryo by privately getting close to noblemen, starting what became a common practice of them secretly performing divinations to judge good and bad luck or ceremonies to prevent disasters; in some cases, people would even contract them to cast a spell to kill an adversary.
- 内容は「行家義経に同意して天下を乱さんとする凶臣」である平親宗・高階泰経ら12名の解官、議奏公卿10名による朝政の運営(九条兼実・徳大寺実定・三条実房・藤原宗家・中山忠親・藤原実家・源通親・吉田経房・藤原雅長・藤原兼光)、兼実への内覧宣下だった(『吾妻鏡』12月6日条、『玉葉』12月27日条)。
- The demand consisted of the removal of 12 'evil subjects trying to disturb the world in agreement with Yukiie and Yoshitsune' such as TAIRA no Chikamune and TAKASHINA no Yasutsune, governmental management by the Imperial Court by 10 giso kugyo (Noble Council) (Kanezane KUJO, Sanesada TOKUDAIJI, Sanefusa SANJO, FUJIWARA no Muneie, Tadachika NAKAYAMA, FUJIWARA no Saneie, MINAMOTO no Michichika, Tsunefusa YOSHIDA, FUJIWARA no Masanaga, and FUJIWARA no Kanemitsu), and the Imperial edict of inspection to Kanezane (the item of December six of 'Azuma Kagami' [The Mirror of the East], the item of December 27 of 'Gyokuyo' [Diary of Kanezane KUJO]).
- 天保7年(1836年)から翌年にかけての天保の大飢饉の際には、あらかじめ食料備蓄庫(報民倉と命名)を築いておいたことや『凶荒心得書』という対応手引きを著して家中に綱紀粛正と倹約の徹底、領民救済の優先を徹底させることなどで、貧しい藩内で誰も餓死者を出さず、そのために全国で唯一幕府から表彰を受けている。
- When the Tempo Famine struck the domain from 1836 to 1837, Kazan helped the domain survive without any deaths due to starvation by taking various precautions, including the construction of food storages (named 'Homin-kura'), education on strict compliance with the law and order, the importance of saving by means of a handbook called 'Kyoko Kokoroe-sho' (Handbook for Disaster Preparedness), and imparting the principle of priority on the survival of the domain's people to the samurai retainers of the domain; consequently, the Tahara Domain was the only domain that was awarded by the Tokugawa shogunate for its great feat.
- すると陰陽寮の「正式な陰陽師」においてもこの風潮に流される者が続出し、そのふるまいは本来律令の定める職掌からはるかにかけ離れ、方位や星巡りの吉凶を恣意的に吹き込むことによって天皇・皇族や、公卿・公家諸家の私生活における行動管理にまで入り込み、朝廷中核の精神世界を支配し始めて、次第に官制に基づく正規業務を越えて政権の闇で暗躍するようになっていった。
- As a result, a steady stream of the 'official onmyoji' in Onmyoryo subsequently began to go along with the flow of the times and their actions were far from their duties as prescribed by the original ritsuryo and by arbitrarily indoctrinating lucky and unlucky directions or aspects of stars, they intruded into controlling private activities of the Emperor/Royal family and kugyo/kuge (court noble) and started to manage the inner space of the nerve center of the Imperial Court, working behind the scenes in the shadow of the administration going beyond the normal duties based on the official system.
- しかし、近年では、陰陽五行説が、自然界の万物は陰と陽の二気から生ずるとする陰陽と、万物は木・火・土・金・水の五行からなるとする五行思想を組み合わせ、自然界の陰陽と五行の変化を観察して瑞祥・災厄を判断し、人間界の吉凶を占う実用的技術として日本で受容され、神道、道教、仏教などからも様々な影響を受け取って日本特異の発展を遂げた結果誕生したものと考えられている。
- In recent years, however, it is thought that Ommyodo developed as follows; the Ommyo-gogyo-setsu theory, that combined the theory of Ommyo (the Yin and Yang), which considers that the universe has been derived from the Yin and Yang, and the theory of Gogyo-shiso, which considers that the universe consists of the five elements of wood, fire, earth, metal, and water, developed uniquely in Japan into a practical fortune telling technique that could serve human needs based upon the auspicious and inauspicious signs obtained by observing the Yin and Yang in Nature and changes in the five elements, while being affected by Shinto, Taoism, and Buddhism.
- だが、江戸時代中期に入ると形状的・臨時的(例勅使・朝鮮通信使の接待や征夷大将軍の日光社参参詣の供奉など)の両面における財政支出の拡大に加えて享保3年(1718年)以後の米価の低落傾向によって財政難に拍車がかかり、恒常的な借り入れ関係が生じ、更に領内の凶作によって蔵屋敷への年貢米(蔵米)や特産品(蔵物)搬入が減少するなどで売却代金によって返済しきれなくなる事態も生じた。
- However, in the middle of the Edo period, financial spending of domains expanded because there were more formal and special expenses required (for example, receptions of imperial messengers and envoys from Korea, or attendance on the shogun's visit to Nikko to recognize their great ancestor), and their financial difficulty was accelerated because of the declining of rice price in and after 1718.
- 陰陽寮成立当初の方技は、純粋に占筮、地相(現在で言う「風水」的なもの)、天体観測、占星術、暦の作成、吉日凶日の判断、漏刻のみを職掌としていたため、もっぱら天文観測・暦時の管理・事の吉凶を陰陽五行に基づく理論的な分析によって予言するだけであって、神祇官や僧侶のような宗教的な儀礼や呪術は全く行わなかったが、朝廷において営繕を行う際の吉日選定や、土地・方角などの吉凶を占うことで遷都の際などに重要な役割を果たした。
- When Onmyoryo was first set up, as hogi's duties only consisted of seizen, chiso (something like the present 'Feng Shui'), astronomy, astrology, calendar-making, judging lucky and unlucky days and the clock, they exclusively worked to observe astronomy, to manage the calendar and clock and to make predictions on good and bad luck concerning events using logical analyses based on inyo gogyo, while never performing religious ceremonies or magic rituals like jingikan or monks, they played a key role in selecting lucky days when building or reconstruction work was required at the Imperial Court and performed divinations for lucky and unlucky properties/directions for relocating the capital.
- 極端の場合として領内の凶作にも関わらず、貸付の停止を恐れた藩が農民から強制的に徴収して蔵屋敷に送って、同一年の年貢米を担保に複数の商人から融資を受ける例や、返済実績の確保を行ったために蔵屋敷に大量に米が送られているにも関わらず領内は飢饉で餓死者が出るという「飢饉移出」が発生して餓死者の発生に伴って耕作者のいない田畑が発生して更なる財政収入の悪化をもたらして更なる大名貸を依頼するという悪循環が発生した例もあった。
- There were some extreme cases such as an example that domains who were in fear of termination of loaning collected rice from farmers forcibly and sent the rice to their kurayasiki to arrange finance loans from several merchants by putting the rice as security, or another example that domains who were giving priority on repaying sent a large amount of rice to their kurayashiki even though people were dying from starvation in their territories, which created a bad circulation of more need of arranging daimyogashi because of worsened financial inflow caused by less farmers on farmland after starvation.
- 4代将軍藤原頼経は、武蔵国(現在の東京都および埼玉県)の湿地開発が一段落したのを受けて、公共事業として多摩川水系から灌漑用水を引き飲料水確保や水田開発に利用しようとする政所の方針を上申された際、その開発対象地域が府都鎌倉市の真北に位置するために、陰陽師によって大犯土(大凶の方位)であると判じられたため、将軍の居宅をわざわざ存府の鎌倉から吉方であるとされた現在の横浜市鶴見区 (横浜市)所在の秋田城介善景の別屋敷にまで移転(陰陽道で言う方違え)してから工事の開始を命じた。
- When the development of marshland in Musashi Province (presently Tokyo and Saitama Prefecture) was completed for the time being, the fourth shogun FUJIWARA no Yoritsune was told of a government strategy that, as a public works project, they planned to draw irrigation water from the Tama-gawa River water system to secure drinking water and to develop rice paddies but since it was located true north of Kamakura City, the home of the Kamakura Shogunate, the direction of the proposed development was judged as daibondo (the unluckiest direction) by onmyoji and the Shogun's residence consequently was moved (katatagae as called in Onmyodo) from Kamakura to another house of Akita jo no suke Yoshikage (秋田城介善景) in the present Tsurumi Ward, Yokohama City which was deemed a lucky direction prior to ordering the commencement of construction.
- 小説やテレビドラマでは手のつけられない凶暴な悪漢のように描かれることが多いが、会津藩主松平容保へ嘆願に行く時に八木家から紋付を借りることになり、全員同じ家紋になってしまうと八木源之丞が心配すると(公式の場では、かなり滑稽)、芹沢はまったく意に介せず笑っていたり、八木家から借りた火鉢をこっそり返しに来て、火鉢に刀傷があったので問いただしたら(隊士たちは酔って八木家の家財を手当たり次第に試し切りの材料にしていた)、「俺だ、俺だ」と頭をかいて逃げてしまうなど気さくな一面もあった。
- Although he is often described as a hopelessly violent villain in novels and TV dramas he also had open-hearted aspects which can be seen in such cases as: when Shinsen-gumi members had to borrow Montsuki kimonos from YAGI family upon visiting Katamori MATSUDAIRA, the Head of Aizu Clan, for a petition Gennnojo YAGI worried that they would all be bearing the same family crest (an extremely ridiculous situation at a public occasion), but SERIZAWA laughed, not minding at all; or when SERIZAWA came secretly to return a hibachi he borrowed from YAGI family, YAGI questioned him about cuts made by swords on the hibachi (when the members got drunk, they tested out their swords on randomly selected furniture that belonged to the YAGI family), but SERIZAWA said 'it's me, it's me' and scratched his head and escaped.