共: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- と共に
- together with
- as well as
- along with
- at the same time
- when
- while
- 蝦夷共和国
- Ezo republic
- Republic of Ezo
- 共和演説事件
- Republican Speech Affair
- 共通法の制定
- Establishment of the Common law
- 主要な公共施設
- Major public facilities
- 共に難所の峠。
- Both passes are hard to go through.
- 共通語、標準語
- Common language, and standard dialect
- 公共交通利用の場合
- By public transportation system
- 共和政が発足した。
- Then, a republican government inaugurated.
- 誘導性T細胞共刺激分子
- inducible T-cell co-stimulator
- inducible T-cell costimulator
- ICOS
- 朝廷と羽柴秀吉の共謀説
- Views that conspiracy of the Imperial Court and Hideyoshi HASHIBA
- 共に那珂湊を包囲する。
- Shoseito and the troops of the bakufu surround Nakaminato.
- - 三共生興スカイビル
- Sankyoseiko Sky Building
- 共和党 (アメリカ)。
- A Republican (U.S.).
- 公共交通機関利用の場合
- Via public transportation
- 醤油(中華人民共和国)
- 醤油 soy-sauce (China)
- 共同浴場は2軒存在する。
- There are two communal baths.
- 中華人民共和国(中国語)
- The People's Republic of China (in Chinese)
- 「蝦夷共和国」という呼称
- The Expression of 'the Ezo Republic'
- 大連市 〔中華人民共和国〕
- Dalian City, PRC
- 鈴木長蔵:根岸と共に帰東。
- Chozo SUZUKI: Went back to Tokyo with Negishi
- 清水吾一:根岸と共に帰東。
- Goichi SHIMIZU: Went back to Tokyo with Negishi
- 遠藤丈庵:根岸と共に帰東。
- Joan ENDO: Went back to Tokyo with Negishi
- 1973年に共和制を宣言。
- And, the country declared itself a republic in 1973.
- のち共産党幹部になり転向。
- Later he became a leading member of the Japanese Communist party but got converted.
- ハンディキャッパーとの共住
- Co-living with the handicapped
- 清閑寺共房の子池尻共孝が祖。
- The founder was Tomotaka IKEJIRI, the child of Tomofusa SEIKANJI.
- 弁護人と検察は共に控訴した。
- Both the defense counsel and the criminal prosecution appealed the court ruling.
- のち共産党幹部になり獄中死。
- Later he became a leader member of the Japanese Communist party and back-gate parole.
- 卵黄と共に食べることもある。
- This may be eaten with the yolk of an egg.
- ほぼ全国共通で用いられる具材
- Ingredients commonly used almost all across Japan
- 公共ではないが御上が行う普請
- Fushin that is not public but is executed by okami
- 洛陽(中華人民共和国・河南省)
- Luoyang, Henan province, People's Republic of China
- 蘇州市(中華人民共和国江蘇省)
- Suzhou City (Jiangsu Province, China)
- 朝鮮民主主義人民共和国との関係
- Relationship with Democratic People's Republic of Korea
- ヨーロッパ荘園に見られる共通点
- Common points in European shoens
- 清閑寺共房の子梅小路定矩が祖。
- The founder was Sadanori UMEKOJI, the child of Tomofusa SEIKANJI.
- 三道に有といへ共、作者を付く。
- Although included in 'Three Elements in Composing a Noh Play,' the names of the writers have been added.
- 日本共産党京都市会議員団:19人
- Kyoto City Assembly members of the Japanese Communist Party: 19
- 秦皇島市(中華人民共和国河北省)
- Qinhuangdao City (Hebei Province, China)
- 平山五郎:芹沢と共に粛清された。
- Goro HIRAYAMA: Purged along with Serizawa
- 同年12月、親王宣下と共に二品。
- In December of the same year she was awarded by the Emperor the title of Imperial Princess with a rank of Nippon (the second highest rank of nobility).
- 日本の琵琶のいくつかに共通の事項
- Some common elements of Japanese biwa
- 牡丹江市(中華人民共和国黒竜江省)
- Mudanjiang (Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China)
- そのためバスが公共交通機関である。
- For this reason, bus is the public transit system for the area.
- 其時、共ニくび以上二ツとり申し候。
- 其時、共ニくび以上二ツとり申し候。
- 高見豊彦が紐育日本人共済会を設立。
- Toyohiko TAKAMI founded the Japanese Mutual Aid Society.
- 500石 - 鉄砲1、鑓3但持鑓共
- 500 koku - one Muskets, and three Spears including spear owned by horse soldier
- 兵村は他に広大な共有地も持っていた。
- In addition, each heison had vast communal land.
- 初編のみの共著者に小幡篤次郎がいる。
- Only the first edition has a co-author, Tokujiro OBATA.
- この共同体で最上のものは国家である。
- The top of these communities is a state.
- 500石 - 鉄砲1丁、鑓3本持鑓共
- 500 koku - one Musket, three Spears including spear owned by Mounted Warrior
- 両者を共に「桜餅」と呼ぶ地方もある。
- In some areas, both types are called 'sakuramochi.'
- 水桶、塩箱共に呼出が補充などを行う。
- Mizuoke and Shiobako (salt box) are replenished by Yobidashi (announcers who call sumo wrestlers to the dohyo before their bouts).
- - 吐火羅人が妻の舎衛婦人と共に来る。
- - A man from Tokara came with his wife Lady Shae.
- 白黒・カラー共通で末期まで使用された。
- This was used for both monochrome and color productions, until Daiei's final years.
- 一遍上人絵伝(歓喜光寺・清浄光寺共有)
- Ippen Shonin Eden (The pictorial biography of the monk Ippen): shared between Kankiko-ji Temple and Shojoko-ji Temple
- 尚〃無沙汰之時者、請人相共可致其明候。
- If any such negotiation should fail, I will work together with my guarantors to settle all problems.
- - 卑弥呼が共立され、倭を治め始める。
- Himiko was installed as ruler and began to govern Wa.
- 多くの場合、黒豆と共に盛り付けられる。
- Chorogi is often served with kuromame in the same bowl.
- 公共事業としての普請や自治としての普請
- Fushin as public works project and fushin as local autonomy
- 675年に十市皇女と共に伊勢神宮に参拝。
- In 675, Ahe no himemiko visited the Ise-jingu Shrine with Tochi no himemiko.
- ドイツ民主共和国 :ドイツ再統一 のため
- German Democratic Republic: Due to re-unification of Germany
- - 呂運亨らは朝鮮人民共和国の樹立を宣言
- Un-Hyung YO proclaimed the foundation of People's Republic of Korea.
- 1949年 中国(中華人民共和国)、チリ
- 1949: China (PRC), Chile
- 地方公共団体の条例・規則違反に対するもの
- Karyo for violation of local public entities ordinances and regulations
- 内外共に建築の妙技を尽くして造営された。
- Both inside and outside of the tower were constructed by utilizing every aspect of technical wizardry available.
- 御縁輪ニハ餓鬼共ニ鬼どもをかゝせられた。
- On the outside of the partition, many ogres including hungry ghosts were painted.
- 但請人六ヶ年間也 相共請人 桂孫(花押)
- Guarantor for the next 6 years: Keison (桂孫) (seal)
- あるいは共同組合のような場合すらあった。
- In addition, there was a case of something that was similar to union associations.
- みつまめと共に夏の季語に分類されている。
- Both anmitsu and mitsumame are categorized into summer kigo (season words)
- それとともに、村の共同体の複雑さがある。
- At the same time, there is the complexity of the village community.
- 上京区と下京区は共に京都市の行政区となる。
- Kamigyo Ward and Shimogyo Ward became an administrative ward of Kyoto City.
- Each of Kamigyo Ward and Shimogyo Ward became an administrative ward of Kyoto City.
- #は京都市域バス共通回数券が使用可能な会社
- 3. The common commutation tickets for buses in the city can be used for payment.
- 大韓民国・朝鮮民主主義人民共和国(朝鮮語)
- Republic of Korea (South Korea) and Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) (in Korean)
- 吉備内親王も、3人の息子達と共に縊死した。
- Imperial Princess Kibi died by hanging with her three sons.
- 甲斐氏、織田氏と共に斯波三守護代の第二席。
- The status of the clan was the second in precedence of the three Shugodai (provisional governors) of the Shiba clan, together with the Kai clan and the Oda clan.
- そのため、南朝の凋落と共に一族も没落した。
- Therefore, when the Southern court fell so did the families.
- アメリカ合衆国・ニューヨーク公共図書館蔵本
- The United States of America: A work owned by the New York Public Library
- 鉄砲伝来と共に時計などの機械が入ってきた。
- When a harquebus came to Japan, mechanisms, such as that of a watch, also came.
- 組歌と共に箏本曲とされる器楽曲形式の箏曲。
- Koto music in an instrumental style regarded as sohonkyoku (traditional Japanese music for koto) along with kumiuta.
- うへさましろききる物めし候ハん由、申候へ共、
- うへさましろききる物めし候ハん由、申候へ共、
- 後西天皇の第二皇子、母は清閑寺共綱の娘共子。
- He was the second son of the Emperor Gosai, and his mother was Tomoko who was a daughter of Tomotsuna SEIKANJI.
- 東映フライヤーズは引き続き共有の形を採った。
- However, they continued to share ownership of the Toei Flyers.
- 途中で席を立つのが無作法なのは共通している。
- In common with foreign customs, it is considered a breach of decency to leave the dining table in mid-course.
- 共同浴場は2軒、日帰り入浴施設は1軒存在する。
- There are two communal baths and one day visit spa.
- ジャンヂーラ(ブラジル連邦共和国サンパウロ州)
- Jandira (Sao Paulo, Brazil)
- 武蔵国司源経基と共に赴任早々に検注を実施した。
- Immediately after his arrival, he conducted a land survey with MINAMOTO no Tsunemoto, an officer of Musashi Province.
- また、室町幕府は土倉を保護すると共に統制した。
- The Muromachi bakufu protected doso while controlling them.
- そのため、物部氏と共に軍事の管理を司っていた。
- The Otomo clan was also in charge of military affairs, together with the Mononobe clan.
- これは盲僧琵琶の多くや筑前琵琶と共通している。
- This is common to the moso-biwa and the Chikuzen biwa.
- 一寸法師はその場をとりなし、娘と共に家を出た。
- Issunboshi mediated the situation, and he left the house with the daughter.
- 流鏑馬、笠懸と共に騎射三物の一つに数えられる。
- It is one of the Kisha-Mitsumono (three archeries with riding a horse), along with Yabusame (horseback archery) and Kasagake (horseback archery competition).
- 走馬灯の仕組みは、基本的に影絵芝居と共通する。
- Basically, the mechanism of a somato is the same as that of shadow picture play.
- ヴュルツブルク市(ドイツ連邦共和国バイエルン州)
- Würzburg (Bayern, Federal Republic of Germany)
- 商人はわずかな街の共益金負担のみで無税であった。
- Merchants did not have to pay tax except a service charge for his/her own town.
- 姉祐子内親王と共に祖父藤原頼通の元で育てられた。
- She and her elder sister, Imperial Princess Yushi were brought up by her grandfather FUJIWARA no Yorimichi.
- (新田氏と足利氏は共に義国流源氏で同族である。)
- (Both the Nitta clan and the Ashikaga clan originate from the family of MINAMOTO no Yoshikuni of the Genji clan.)
- 旧仮名遣いでの読みは共に「くりくまのおほきみ」。
- 栗隈王 and 栗前王 are both pronounced 'Kurikuma no Ohokimi' in old Japanese syllabary characters.
- 日本における最初の『共産党宣言』の翻訳であった。
- It was the first translation of 'Communist Party Declaration' in Japan.
- 公共放送・・・社団法人日本放送協会(豊原放送局)
- Public broadcast ⋯ Japan Broadcasting Corporation (Toyohara station)
- のちに日本共産党の幹部となり警察に検挙され虐殺。
- Later he became a party executive of the Japanese Communist Party, then was arrested and slaughtered by the police.
- 年老いて子がない事自体共同体の中では異端である。
- The fact that the elderly couple does not have any children, in itself, is a heterodoxy in a community.
- 天皇家と藤原氏の共同執政・輔政体制説 - 田村円澄
- The Emperor's family and the Fujiwara clan joint administration and assisted government regime theory - by Encho TAMURA
- その後、坂合黒彦皇子と共に円大臣の宅に逃げ込んだ。
- ater, Prince Mayowa and Prince Sakai no Kurohiko (Sakai no Kurohiko no Miko) ran into the residency of Tsubura no Okimi.
- 朝鮮民主主義人民共和国では、本貫は廃止されている。
- In Democratic People's Republic of Korea, hongan has been abolished.
- 子供の父母が共に分からないとき(旧民法733条3)
- If both a father and a mother of a child are unknown (the Old Civil Codes, Article 733-3).
- 公共放送・・・社団法人日本放送協会(パラオ放送局)
- Public broadcast ⋯ Japan Broadcasting Corporation (Palau station)
- うち一部が中華人民共和国越州窯のものと同定される。
- It was confirmed that some of the fragments were baked at the Esshu kiln, China.
- 1000石 - 鉄砲2、鑓5但持鑓共、弓1、騎馬1
- 1000 koku - two Muskets, five Spears including spears owned by horse soldiers, one Bow, one Horse Soldier
- 日本へは奈良時代に、他の大陸文化と共に移入された。
- Along with other continental cultures, it was introduced into Japan in the Nara period.
- - 中華人民共和国のマカオや広東省などで作られる。
- - It is made in some regions including Macau and Guangdong, China.
- 3人の息子に恵まれ、息子達と共に家業の隆盛に励む。
- Joeki and his three sons worked hard to develop the family business to fluorish.
- 兄・友忠と共に銅工・鋳物の技に優れていたとされる。
- It is believed that he and his brother Tomotada excelled in working with copper and cast metal.
- こしやう共ニ二人、ほんのぢのかたへのり被申候あいだ、
- こしやう共ニ二人、ほんのぢのかたへのり被申候あいだ、
- こうした経緯により、源氏の没落と共に平家方に付いた。
- This was the way they took sides with the Taira family when the Minamoto clan fell.
- - 地方自治法 第二編 普通地方公共団体143項など
- For example, The Local Autonomy Law II, Ordinary local public entities, Clause 143
- 醤油と砂糖以外には照り焼きのタレとの共通点は少ない。
- Other than soy sauce and sugar, there are few ingredients common between the American teriyaki sauce and the Japanese one.
- 口にものが入ったまま喋ると嫌われるのは共通している。
- As in common with other customs, it is disliked if anyone speaks with food in his mouth.
- しっかりとした線、粘り、律動感は共通する特長である。
- Steady lines, tenacity, and a feeling of rhythm are common characteristics.
- 県や市、町立の公共運動施設に併設されている事が多い。
- They are often attached to public (prefectural, city-run or town-run) sports facilities.
- 行政組織は全て太政官左右弁官局の共同管轄下に置かれた。
- The administrative organization was all under the joint control of daijokan (Grand Council of State) Oversight Department of the Left and Right.
- 兄弟共に名を変えて丹波小子(たにわのわらわ)と称した。
- They used a collective false name, Taniwa no warawa (literally, children of Tanba).
- これらの制度は中華人民共和国の成立で正式に廃止される。
- These systems were officially abolished when the People's Republic of China was formed.
- 原始共同体においては、氏族や部族が社会の単位となった。
- In the primitive community, a clan and a tribe became a social unit.
- 公共放送・・・社団法人京城放送局→社団法人朝鮮放送協会
- Public broadcast ⋯ Keijo Broadcasting Station => Korea Broadcasting Corporation
- 宣旨と共通する部分が多いがその書式に異なる部分がある。
- It had many parts in common with senji except for its form.
- 豊田武は「党の共通の性格」を以下の4点にまとめている。
- Takeshi TOYODA summarizes the 'common characteristic of To' into following four points.
- これにより妻女山を、海津城と共に包囲する布陣となった。
- Consequently, his forces, together with Kaizu-jo Castle, became to enclose Saijo-san Mountain.
- 長元3年(1030年)着袴と共に准后・一品に叙される。
- She was given the title of jugo and ippon (the first rank for an Imperial Princes) with chakko (dressing children in a hakama to celebrate their growth) at the same time in 1030.
- 江戸時代の祭り文化の発達と共に様々な露天商が発生した。
- Various rotensho (stallholders) appeared in accordance with the development of the culture of festivals during the Edo period.
- その娘である16代一閑が現在夫と共に家業を支えている。
- His daughter, the 16th Ikkan, took over the business and is now running it with her husband.
- 都市部の自治的共同体の単位である町(ちょう)に相当する。
- The village corresponded to a town (cho), which was a unit of autonomous community in urban areas.
- 西安(中華人民共和国):1974年5月10日友好都市提携
- Xian City (People's Republic of China): The city established a friendship-city relationship with Xian City on May 10, 1974.
- 咸陽市 (中華人民共和国 陝西省、1986年7月24日)
- Xianyang City, Shanxi Province, China (July 24, 1986)
- 荘園領主は、公共法や地域慣習にのっとり裁判も行っていた。
- The lords of shoens also held trials based on common law or regional customs.
- これは日本史と西欧史の共通点を強調する方向へ進でいった。
- Activities in this line progressed towards emphasizing points common to Japanese history and European history.
- なお、この時代、両水利組合が共同で行った運動も若干ある。
- By the way, those two unions sometimes took some actions together in that period.
- また、蘇我氏他有力7氏族は武内宿禰を共通の祖としている。
- Furthermore, the Soga clan and seven influential others could be descended from TAKENOUCHI no Sukune.
- 2つ目は、共和制の状態から君主制が復活するケースである。
- The second case of Oseifukko (Restoration of Royal Rule) involves a revival of a monarchy from republican institutions.
- 共に南淵請安に学び、蘇我氏打倒の計画を練ることになった。
- They both studied under MINAMIBUCHI no Shoan and planned to defeat the Soga clan.
- 一、家数、人数、男女、老若共ニ一村切ニ書付けらるるべき事
- 2. Provide documentation about the number of households, population, gender, age in village units.
- やがて互いに織田信長という共通の敵を抱えるところとなる。
- Before long, both sides became to have the common enemy named Nobunaga ODA.
- 倭邊に 風吹き上げて 雲離れ 退き居り共よ 我を忘らすな
- Don't forget me; even the wind blows away the clouds in Yamato, your place.
- 女娘は父母と共に迎え、歓待の合間に人界と仙都の別を説く。
- The woman welcomed him along with her parents, and during the entertainment she told him the difference between the human world and an immortal land.
- 1000石 - 鉄砲2丁、弓1張、鑓5本持鑓共、馬上1騎
- 1000 koku - two Muskets, one Bow, five Spears including spears owned by Mounted Warriors, one Mounted Warrior
- 明治維新と共に、海外から新しい食材や調理法が入ってくる。
- Many foodstuffs and recipes were introduced to Japan from abroad during the Meiji Restoration.
- ただし、下記の点において、各派の意見に共通性が見られる。
- However, the opinions of the various schools are common in regard to the following.
- のちに、仙覚は橘、大伴家持の2人共撰説を唱えるにいたった。
- Later Sengaku concluded that Manyoshu poems were selected by the two: TACHIBANA no Moroe and OTOMO no Yakamochi.
- 享徳の乱では山内・越後上杉氏らと共に五十子に在陣している。
- During the Kyotoku War, the Hachijo Uesugi family joined with the Yamauchi and Echigo Uesugi clans, who all sent their soldiers to camp at Irako.
- 勅許をもって、改めて親王宣下と共に、山階宮の宮号を賜った。
- Akira again became a Imperial Prince and received the reigning name of Yamashinanomiya.
- そして、大臣の助命嘆願も空しく、諸共に焼き殺されたという。
- In spite of a plea by Tsubura no Okimi for sparing their lives, they were burned to death.
- このため、全ての荘園に共通する要素を見出すのは困難である。
- This makes it difficult to find an element common to all the Shoen in these respects.
- 3000石 - 鉄砲5、鑓15但持鑓共、弓3、騎馬4、旗1
- 3000 koku - five Muskets, fifteen Spears including spears owned by horse soldies, three Bows, four Horse Soldiers, one Banner
- 4000石 - 鉄砲6、鑓20但持鑓共、弓4、騎馬6、旗1
- 4000 koku - six Muskets, twenty Spears including spears owned by horse soldies, four Bows, six Horse Soldiers, one Banner
- 2000石 - 鉄砲3丁、弓2張、鑓10本持鑓共、馬上3騎
- 2000 koku - three Muskets, two Bows, ten Spears including spears owned by mounted warriors, three mounted Warriors
- 藤原佐理、藤原行成と共に三蹟の一人として数える場合もある。
- He is sometimes counted as one of the three great calligraphers along with FUJIWARA no Sukemasa and FUJIWARA no Yukinari.
- 旧幕府軍と共に鳥羽・伏見の戦いに参戦するも、新政府軍に敗北。
- Although Shinsen-gumi fought in the Battle of Toba Fushimi together with the army of the former shogunate, they lost to the army of the new government.
- クニッテルフェルト(オーストリア共和国シュタイアーマルク州)
- Knittelfeld (Steiermark, Austria)
- また、中世後期の一揆の盟約による政治的共同体が武装していた。
- In the later middle ages, the political community formed by a league of ikki would be armed.
- - 中大兄皇子と共に,孝徳天皇を捨てて倭飛鳥河辺行宮に移る。
- - Moved to Yamato no Asuka no Kawara no Karimiya Palace with Naka no Oe no Oji, abandoning Emperor Kotoku.
- その後、あとを追ってきた軽大娘皇女と共に自害したと言われる。
- It is said that later, he committed joint suicide with Karu no oiratsume, who had followed him.
- これにより、清和源氏が武家の棟梁であると名実共に認められた。
- As a result, Seiwa-Genji was recognized as the head of the samurai family in both name and reality.
- 10代武者小路公共は駐ドイツ大使や宮内省宗秩寮総裁を務めた。
- Kintomo MUSHANOKOJI the tenth served as the Japanese ambassador to Germany and the director-general of Sochitsuryo (Imperial Household Affairs Division).
- 義明の嫡男足利義純 (戦国時代)は国府台で父と共に戦死した。
- Meanwhile, Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA, the heir of Yoshiaki, was killed along with his father in the battle at Konodai.
- これは、当時の日本が構想した大東亜共栄圏に繋がる思想である。
- This is a thought leading to the Great East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere which was Japan's concept at the time.
- その中で国民党批判と共に日本の統治政策を再評価を訴えている。
- In his appeal he criticized the Kuomintang Party and re-evaluated Japan's governance policies.
- 2001〜06年ジョージ・W・ブッシュ(共和党)で運輸長官。
- He served under President George W. BUSH (Republican) as Secretary of Transportation from 2001 to 2006.
- 直接福澤と会い、福澤も長沼村の利権回復運動に共鳴したという。
- It is said that he met face-to-face with FUKUZAWA, and FUKUZAWA also sympathized with the concession recovery movement by the Naganuma village.
- - ハワイ州で日系人の女性共和党員として初の下院議員に選出。
- She was the first female Japanese American Republican to be elected for the U.S. House of Representatives from Hawaii.
- 2000石 - 鉄砲3、鑓5(15?)但持鑓共、弓2、騎馬3
- 2000 koku - three Muskets, five (or fifteen?) Spears including spears owned by horse soldies, two Bows, three Horse Soldiers
- 中華人民共和国で花椒と称して果皮を香辛料として利用している。
- In the People's Republic of China, the pericarp is used as a spice called Hoajao.
- 摺箔等の技法と共に安土桃山時代の豪華絢爛たる文化を演出した。
- Also, these dyeing techniques contributed to the luxurious and splendid culture along with surihaku (a dyeing technique that uses foil applique) in the Azuchi-Momoyama period.
- - 田んぼに係わる付帯施設において個人や共有するものの普請。
- This is fushin performed on private or shared facilities associated with rice paddy fields.
- 音程は簧の固有振動によって決定し、竹管で共鳴させて発音する。
- The key is determined by the natural oscillation of the shita, and the sound is created by resonating in the bamboo tubes.
- 実質的に都市的な共同体でも、「村」とされている箇所も多かった。
- Many communities in urban sites were regarded as 'villages'.
- しかし、同時に治安維持法が制定され共産主義への弾圧が行われた。
- However, Maintenance of Public Order Law was enacted at the same time, oppressing communism.
- 菅原道真と共に大阪府門真市・堤根神社の祭神として祀られている。
- He is enshrined as a deity in Tsutsumine-jinja Shrine (Kadoma City, Osaka Prefecture) together with SUGAWARA no Michizane.
- 大臣の助命嘆願も空しく、大泊瀬皇子は3人共に焼き殺してしまう。
- Oomi begged their lives, but Prince Ohatsuse set fire on them and killed all three.
- いずれの説も崇神天皇を実在の人物としている点では共通している。
- Each of these theories considers Emperor Sujin to have actually existed.
- (叔母が「青海郎女」で姪が「忍海部女王」であることは両者共通。
- (What is common is that the aunt was 'Aomi no iratsume' and the niece was 'Oshinumibe no himemiko.'
- 例えば朱子学は、人間は自分の所属する共同体へ義務を負うとした。
- For example, human beings are responsible to the communities to which each person belongs in Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism).
- 奥羽列藩同盟、白虎隊、二本松少年隊、蝦夷共和国、彰義隊、伝習隊
- Ou reppan domei (a coalition established by many clans in the Northern and Eastern areas of Japan), Byakkotai (suicide corps), Nihonmatsu shonentai (an army consisting of teenagers who fought in the Boshin war), the Republic of Ezo, Shogitai (group of former Tokugawa retainers opposed to the Meiji government who fought in the Battle of Ueno), Denshutai (Edo shogunate's army)
- そこへ卵を直接割り入れ、飯と共にかき混ぜた後、醤油で調味する。
- Crack an egg directly into the pit, toss it with the rice, and then season it with soy sauce.
- 但し、時代が下ると共に徒士と同じ下級武士として待遇されていった。
- However, as time went by, they were treated as lower-ranked samurai who were the same as kachi.
- そのためか、新撰組と共同戦線をとったことはあまり無かったらしい。
- For this reason, it is highly unlikely that Shinsengumi and Mimawarigumi had the chance to establish a common front.
- 江戸時代末期やがて幕府の財政的な傾きと共に尊皇論が広まっていく。
- At the end of the Edo period, with the financial downswing of the bakufu, sonnoron (the thought respecting the Emperors) gradually spread.
- 文武天皇は草壁皇子の子で、即位して持統天皇と共に座して統治した。
- Emperor Monmu is a son of Prince Kusakabe, and after his enthronement, he ruled in power shared with Emperor Jito.
- しかしながら謀反の罪に問われ庶人に落とされた後、母共々変死した。
- However, he was suspected to be a rebel, forced to demote from nobility to subject, and finally died an unnatural death together with his mother.
- 神皇正統記・如是院年代記・・・・・共に推古天皇22年(614年)
- 'Jinno Shotoki' (A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns) and 'Chronicle of Nyoze-in Temple' - 614, 614
- 横山城を大野木秀俊らと共に守護していたが、姉川合戦において戦死。
- He was in charge of the Yokoyama-jo Castle's defense, along with Hidetoshi ONOGI, but he died in the Battle of Anegawa.
- 織田信長の嫡男・織田信忠は、父の信長と共に本能寺の変で討たれた。
- Nobutada ODA, a legitimate son of Nobunaga ODA, was killed together with Nobunaga in the Honnoji Incident.
- 夫の死後、剃髪した母妙源尼と共に、江戸で於大の方の庇護を受ける。
- He received the patronage in Edo from Odai no kata with his mother, Myogen-ni, who had become a monk after the death of her husband.
- 以後、薩摩藩・長州藩などと共に倒幕の中枢藩の一つとして活躍した。
- Thereafter, together with domains of Satsuma and Choshu, the domain played a central role in the overthrow of the bakufu.
- 以後、フランス第二帝政の時期を経て、フランスに共和政が定着した。
- Subsequently, the republican constitution became settled in France through the period of the Second Imperial France.
- 上海市に共同租界やフランス租界が設置され、半植民地となっていく。
- Shanghai became semi colonial as several international concessions were established including one for France.
- 当時の伽藍配置や技法には、百済の寺院との共通性が指摘されている。
- It should be noted that the building techniques and positioning of Buddhist temples at that time reflect the style of temples in Paekche.
- フロイスは言及していないが、五つめの共和国は熊野三山と思われる。
- Although Frois did not mention it, it seems that the fifth republic was Kumano Sanzan (three major shrines, Kumano-Hongu-Taisha, Kumano-Hayatama-Taisha and Kumano-Nachi-Taisha).
- 5000石 - 鉄砲10、鑓25但持鑓共、弓10、騎馬14、旗3
- 5000 koku - ten Muskets, twenty-five Spears including spears owned by horse soldies, ten Bows, fourteen Horse Soldiers, three Banners
- また、牛乳と共にカルシウムを多く含む食品の代名詞ともなっている。
- Chirimenjako is also well known as a food that contains lots of calcium, same as milk.
- - 景気対策や生活困窮者を助ける為に幕府が行った公共事業である。
- Osukui fushin is a public works project executed by the bakufu as a measure for the relief of the destitute and the economy.
- こうした家元による封建的・世襲支配構造など、非常に共通点が多い。
- These and the iemoto system have a lot in common, such as how the feudal and hereditary governance structure headed by iemoto.
- 但し、座っている座布団から尻を浮かせてはならない点は共通である。
- However, they have a common rule that each player must not rise from their zabuton (traditional Japanese cushions used to sit on the floor).
- 古いインドの村落共同体はこうした土地所有者によって構成されていた。
- The old village community in India consisted of such land owners.
- 「共同通信の松方三郎が友人でね。私の部屋がみんなのたまり場だった」
- Saburo MATSUKATA of Kyodo News Service was my friend. Many friends used to gather in my room.
- 律令制が整備されると共に、祭の式次第など詳細についても整備された。
- As the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) was established, the program of the festival was also decided in detail.
- 久寿2年(1155年)入内、後白河天皇即位と共に従四位女御となる。
- In 1155, she entered into court, and later became a Jushii (Junior Fourth Rank) nyogo (a high-ranking court lady (a consort of an emperor) when Emperor Goshirakawa ascended the throne.
- 内大臣・清閑寺共房の三男清閑寺定矩が「梅小路」を称したのに始まる。
- The family started when Sadanori SEIKANJI, the third son of the Minister of the Center, Tomofusa SEIKANJI called himself 'Umegakoji.'
- 男女共に子供用は、板目引きで色糸綴じの金泥などで絵が描かれたもの。
- Fans for both girls and boys were made of cross-grained wood with colored binding strings and drawings of gold paint.
- この結果王朝は紙幣を発行し、銀と共に取引に使用されるようになった。
- This resulted in the issuance of bills by the dynasty and they were used in deals together with silver.
- だから、各国衙区画プランを比較すると共通点よりむしろ差異が目立つ。
- Thus, there were more different points than common points when comparing each of the land-use plans of the Kokuga.
- ただし狭く、政庁跡周辺は駐車禁止なので公共交通機関の利用を勧める。
- However, because the parking spaces are small and parking is prohibited in the area around the remains of the government office, using public transportation is recommended.
- 10000石 - 鉄砲20、鑓50但持鑓共、弓10、騎馬14、旗3
- 10000 koku - twenty Muskets, fifty Spears including spears owned by horse soldies, ten Bows, fourteen Horse Soldiers, three Banners
- 1995年 神戸新聞との共同企画「生きる」で日本新聞協会賞を受賞。
- 1995: Awarded the Nihon Shinbun Kyokai Prize (The Japan Newspaper Publishers and Editors Association Prize) for the joint project 'Ikiru' (To Live) with the Kobe Shimbun News.
- 張り子の技法は室町時代頃に中華人民共和国から伝来したとされている。
- It is said that the papier-mache technique came down from China in around the Muromachi period.
- 本位牌の他に、菩提寺(旦那寺)や本山に供養の布施と共に納める位牌。
- In addition to hon-ihai, an ihai called tera-ihai is presented to one's bodai-ji temple (family temple, also called danna-dera temple) or head temple together with donations for memorial services.
- なお、小さな世界・共同体を称して村ともいう(例:国会村、テント村)。
- A village also describes a specified small world or community (for example, a parliament village, or a tent village).
- 定員8名であったが、時代と共に増員され、最大20名程まで増員された。
- Although the prescribed number of chamberlains was initially eight, it was changed as time went by, and eventually it was increased to a maximum number of 20.
- この後、一の瀬川沿いに戦線を構えている他の旅団と共に高鍋に向かった。
- After this, this brigade advanced towards Takanabe together with other brigades deployed along the Ichinose-gawa River.
- このように、銀貨と金貨を共に本位貨幣とする制度を金銀複本位制という。
- In this way, the system in which both silver and gold coins were set as standard currency is called bimetallism.
- 歴史学者の久米邦武は、『日本外史』と共に「劇本の類」と酷評している。
- A historian KUME Kunitake severely criticizes 'Dai Nihonshi' as well as 'Nihongaishi' as 'a kind of script.'
- 道灌の死後、扇谷上杉氏の衰亡と共に、江戸城は後北条氏の支城となった。
- After the death of Dokan and the collapse of the Ogigayatsu-Uesugi clan, the Edo Castle was taken over by the Gohojo clan and used as its subsidiary castle.
- 都道府県や市町村は公共サービスへの対価として住民から税金を徴収する。
- Tax is collected by prefectures and municipalities in exchange for the provision of public services.
- 4000石 - 鉄砲6丁、弓4張、鑓20本持鑓共、馬上6騎(旗2本)
- 4000 koku - six Muskets, four Bows, twenty Spears including spears owned by mounted warriors, six Mounted Warriors (two Banners)
- 3000石 - 鉄砲5丁、弓3張、鑓15本持鑓共、馬上4騎(旗1本)
- 3000 koku - five Muskets, three Bows, fifteen Spears including spears owned by Mounted Warriors, four Mounted Warriors (one Banner)
- 酢、砂糖(食塩、水を入れる方法もある)を混ぜて、鷹の爪と共に漬ける。
- Mix them with vinegar and sugar (alternatively you can use salt and water) and pickle them with red peppers.
- これらを砂糖と共に甘く煮詰め、更に砂糖をまぶしてから乾燥させて作る。
- These are boiled down with sugar, sprinkled with sugar again, and dried.
- コンビニでは本土と同様の一般的なおでんと共にてびちも販売されている。
- In convenience stores, tebichi is sold along with the standard Oden which is similar to the one sold in the mainland of Japan.
- 朝鮮民主主義人民共和国(北朝鮮) - 朝鮮半島南部の大韓民国との対比。
- The term can also be used to describe the contrast between the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) versus the Republic of Korea (South Korea) located in the southern half of the Korean peninsula.
- 万世一系は、戦前において、共和制や共産主義革命を否定する根拠とされた。
- The theory of the unbroken Imperial line was used as a reason for defying republican institutions and communist revolutions.
- なお、共著者に山階鳥類研究所総裁の秋篠宮家秋篠宮文仁親王の名前もある。
- The coauthors include the Imperial Prince Akishino-no-miya Fumihito of the Akishino-no-miya family, the president of Yamashina Institute for Ornithology.
- 同年起こった平治の乱に際しては、天皇と共に平清盛の六波羅第に遷幸した。
- In the same year, when the Heiji Disturbance occurred, she departed from the capital to TAIRA no Kiyomori's Rokuhara-tei, together with the Emperor.
- 皇女が夫である天皇を離れ葛城皇子と共に飛鳥に遷った理由は明らかでない。
- It is unknown why Hashihito no Himemiko left her husband, the Emperor Kotoku, and followed Katsuragi no Miko to Asuka.
- 一説には、乙巳の変の際、入鹿共々、クーデター派の標的だったと言われる。
- One theory is that he was also the target of coups together with Iruka at Isshi no hen.
- 博学多才で前中書王と呼ばれ甥の後中書王・具平親王と共にに並び称される。
- He was a of person of varied attainments and called Saki no Chusho O (originally, the name as the head of a ministry) and was admired together with his nephew Nochi no Chusho O, Imperial Prince Tomohira.
- ちなみに今は清王朝後、朝廷は存在せず、中国共産党が中国を統治している。
- The Imperial Court has not existed in China after the Qing Dynasty, and now the country is governed by the Chinese Communist Party.
- しかし、商業の活発化は、自ずと市場で共通する升を生み出すこととなった。
- But nevertheless, the energetic commerce naturally demanded the masu that could be commonly used in market.
- 関ヶ原の戦いでは上田城などと共に、数少ない激しい城の攻防戦が行われた。
- In the Battle of Sekigahara, a few of the fierce battles were fought over Otsu-jo Castle as well as Ueda-jo Castle or other castles.
- 「法曹至要抄」によれば、もし群盗共殺の時は、下手人および頭首人を移す。
- According to 'the Hossoshiyosho,' if a gang of robbers commit a murder, the murderer and his boss shall be removed to a province.
- さらに福岡は発表の形式として天皇と諸侯が共に会盟を約する形を提案した。
- Fukuoka also requested the Emperor's and lords's commitment to kaimei as an announcement.
- 中華人民共和国は、2013年完成を目指して、独自の清史を編纂中である。
- The PRC is in the process of compiling their own unique, stand-alone history of the Qing dynasty, and are aiming to complete it by 2013.
- 高梨氏は信濃村上氏と共に、北信濃の一大勢力として認識されるようになる。
- The Takahashi clan, as well as the Murakami clan in Shinano, came to be recognized as major force in northern Shinano.
- 5000石 - 鉄砲10丁、弓5張、鑓25本持鑓共、馬上7騎(旗2本)
- 5000 koku - ten Muskets, five Bows, twenty-five Spears including spears owned by mounted warriors, seven Mounted Warriors (two Banners)
- おからは日本、中華人民共和国、大韓民国など、東アジア特有の食品の一種。
- Okara is a food peculiar to countries in East Asia, such as Japan, the People's Republic of China, and the Republic of Korea.
- この高御産巣日神と神産巣日神に共通の「むすび」(産巣日)という言葉だ。
- The word common to these Takami musubi no kami and Kami musubi no kami is 'musubi.'
- ここを訪れる観光客は温泉と共に、冬場のカニ料理を楽しみに訪れる者も多い。
- Many tourists visit here not only for the hot spring but for crab dishes during the wintertime.
- 国立大学協会会長・岡本道雄京大総長とともに共通一次試験導入に取り組んだ。
- He strived to introduce the preliminary standard university entrance examination along with Michio OKAMOTO, the president of Kyoto University as well as the president of the Japan Association of National Universities.
- 四道将軍として腹違いの弟である稚武彦命と共に山陽道に沿って周辺域を平定。
- He was dispatched to the Sanyodo region as one of the four General Commanders along with his younger half brother, Wakatakehiko no Mikoto, in order to establish the power of the imperial government in the areas around the region.
- 甲斐荘正恒 東京都立大学理学研究科化学専攻教授、日本核磁気共鳴学会会長。
- Masatsune KAINOSHO, professor of Chemistry at the Department Graduate School, Science and Engineering of Tokyo Metropolitan University and the president of the Japanese Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
- 遊部と、鳴釜神事に仕える阿曽女との名前に何か共通の意味があるのかは不明。
- It is unknown whether if there were any common meanings between Asobibe and the name Asome that performed Narukama Shinji Ritual.
- 以降フランスはフランス第一共和政へ、さらにフランス第一帝政へと移行した。
- Since then, France transitioned to the First Republican France and furthermore into the First Imperial France.
- 頼徳勢では当初、暴徒とされていた天狗党と行動を共にする事に抵抗があった。
- Yorinori and his party at first hesitated to act together with the Tenguto, which was considered to be violent crowd.
- 相前後して堺事件が発生し、共に外国人に切腹を深く印象付けることとなった。
- Sakai Incident occurred right after this incident, so through these two incidents Seppuku (to commit suicide by disembowelment) gave a strong impression to foreigners.
- 公共放送・・・台湾総督府交通局逓信部(台北放送局)→社団法人台湾放送協会
- Public broadcast ⋯ Taiwan Sotoku-fu, Transportation bureau, Communication department (Taipei station) => Taiwan Broadcasting Corporation
- しかし、二人が共同して山の手を攻めたという史料的な根拠がある訳ではない。
- However, there are no concrete historical materials in support of this idea that two people cooperated in the attack upon the hilly section of the city.
- 初日ないし最終日には法会と共に各寺院の得度を朝廷から賜る儀礼が行われた。
- On the first or final day of a Kinomidokyo, a ritual was performed through the Imperial Court, together with a hoe, for those entering into Buddhist priesthood at each temple.
- この点も、基本的人権の制約を「公共の福祉」に求める日本国憲法とは異なる。
- It was a difference from the Constitution of Japan which defined that basic human rights were limited only for the sake of 'public welfare.'
- 最近では茨城県の業者による技術指導の下、中華人民共和国産も出回っている。
- Under the technical instruction of manufacturers in Ibaraki Prefecture, hoshi-imo is also produced in the People's Republic of China, which is coming onto the market in Japan.
- 以降、「永樂」の印章を用いると共に12代・和全の代から永樂姓を名乗った。
- The family has used the Eiraku seal from that time onwards and Wazen the 12th began to use the family name of Eiraku.
- 国と地方公共団体は学研都市の整備、建設の資金の確保に努めなければならない。
- The national and local public bodies concerned must endeavor to raise funds necessary for constructing Science City.
- 町長 真鍋宗平(2006年12月5日-1期目) - (日本共産党籍の首長)
- Mayor: Sohei MANABE (as of December 5, 2006, the first term), who belongs to the Japanese Communist Party
- 舞鶴港は、朝鮮民主主義人民共和国からの入港隻数が252隻と国内最多である。
- The total number of vessels entering the Maizuru Port from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea was 252, the largest in Japan.
- しかしながら、正使・黄慎と副使・朴弘長は共に秀吉より接見を許されなかった。
- However, both the head of the Tsushinshi, Koshin (黄慎), and its deputy head, Boku Kocho (朴弘長), could not be received by Hideyoshi.
- 行程に若干異なる点があるが、巡礼にはイスラム教各宗派の信徒が共に参加する。
- There are slight differences, but the pilgrimage is taken together with the followers of the various schools of Islam.
- - 中大兄皇子と共に,病に罹った孝徳天皇を見舞うべく難波長柄豊崎宮に赴く。
- - Went to Naniwanagara no Toyosaki no miya Palace with Naka no Oe no Oji to visit Emperor Kotoku who had fallen ill.
- 内大臣・清閑寺共房の次男である大納言・池尻共孝が池尻を称したのにはじまる。
- The family started when Major Counselor, Tomotaka, the second son of the Minister of the Interior, Tomofusa SEIKANJI, called himself 'Ikegami.'
- 彼らは、瀬戸内海の水軍の棟梁的存在になると共に皇室領の大江御厨を統轄した。
- They became the leaders of the Setouchi (Seto Inland Sea) Navy and also took charge of Oe Mikuriya (the imperial manors in Oe).
- 桂川甫周と共にスウェーデンの博物学者カール・ツンベルクに教えを受けている。
- He and Hoshu KATSURAGAWA became pupils of Carl Thumberg, a Swedish naturalist.
- 国造、県主の共同体に属することを示すことによって族姓を仮称させた者がいた。
- There were people who were made to tentatively identify thenselves using their group names by showing that they belonged to the community of Kuni no Miyatsuko or the community of Agatanushi.
- 幕末の政治世界で影響力を持った薩摩藩と長州藩は討幕の思想では共通していた。
- The Satsuma and Choshu Domains, both of which had clout within Japanese political circles in the last days of the Edo period, had the anti-shogunate idea in common.
- 言語や習慣の異なる者に対して、古代人は畏敬の念と共に、不可触の念を抱いた。
- The ancient people felt they conveyed a sense of awe, as if they were untouchable by those who had different languages and customs.
- 丸みを帯びた形の胴体(共鳴箱)に蛇の皮を張り、フレットの無い長い棹を持つ。
- The Sanxian has a rounded body (resonator) covered with snakeskin, and it has a long, fretless neck.
- 本ユズは、中華人民共和国中央および西域、揚子江上流の原産であると言われる。
- Honyuzu is said to be native to the central and west areas of China and the upper reaches of the Yantze River.
- 薬草の調合や知識が主にシャーマンの役割である事がどの地域でも共通している。
- The preparation and knowledge of medicine herbs are commonly regarded as the main role of shaman in each region.
- 近代以降、褌も六尺褌から、時代と共に簡略化されて越中褌で行う地区もあった。
- In more recent times, in a departure from traditional loincloths (Rokushaku Fundoshi), along with the changing times there were some regions who held simplified loincloth (Etchu Fundoshi) events.
- 塩土老翁は神武東征をうながし、武内は応神東征を助けたことでも共通している。
- Shiotsuchinooji encouraged the Eastern Expedition of Emperor Jinmu (story in Japanese mythology about the first generation of the Imperial family), while Takenouchi helped the Eastern Expedition of Emperor Ojin, sharing a common point.
- その後蝦夷共和国の成立を目指す榎本武揚らに合流し、二股口の戦い等で活躍する。
- Subsequently, they joined Takeaki ENOMOTO and others who were aiming to establish the Republic of Ezo, and actively fought in the Battle of Futamataguchi.
- 庸は、衛士や采女の食糧や公共事業の雇役民への賃金・食糧に用いる財源となった。
- Yo was the financial resources used for covering the expenditure on food given to Eji (a guard) and Uneme (a court lady), as well as the expenditure on wages and food given to Koekimin (drafted workers under the Ritsuryo system) engaging in public utilities.
- 守貞親王が平家の都落ちと共に西国に連行されたことから、後鳥羽天皇が即位する。
- Emperor Gotoba ascended the throne after Imperial Prince Morisada was brought to the western region by the Heike (Taira clan) when it escaped from the capital.
- その後、甥の時行と共に信濃国で挙兵したと言われているが、その後の消息は不明。
- It was said that he subsequently took up arms with Tokiyuki, his nephew, in Shinano Province, but he was never heard of again.
- 1959年、東宝、松竹、文化放送、ニッポン放送と共にフジテレビジョンを開局。
- In 1959, the Fuji Television Network was founded jointly by Daiei along with Toho, Shochiku, Nippon Cultural Broadcasting, and Nippon Broadcasting System.
- 朝幕共存共栄の見地から、皇家の血統に万一があった場合を考えての創設であった。
- Considering the mutual benefit and harmony between the Shogunate and the Imperial Court, the Kaninnomiya family was founded to prepare for an emergency of the genealogy of the Imperial family.
- 最初に蝦夷「共和国(リパブリック)」という表現を使ったのは、外国人であった。
- The person who used the term Ezo 'Republic' for the first time was a foreigner.
- 「義士」として白貞基、尹奉吉らと共にソウル特別市の孝昌公園に埋葬されている。
- His remains are now buried in Hyochang Park of Seoul Metropolitan City as 'loyal retainer' along with Paek Chung-Gee and Yoon Bong-gil (both independence activists).
- 中級層以下の藩士は、自ら家族と共にこれに当たり、半ば農民化していたのである。
- Consequently, the middle or lower class feudal domain retainers were engaged in farming together with their family members, making them virtually farmers.
- 戦国時代以降も、主従関係において利害の共有が重要であることに違いはなかった。
- The importance of common interests in a relationship of master and vassal did not change in the Sengoku period.
- 一方中華人民共和国では、当時秤量銀貨(銀錠)の額面単位に「両」を用いていた。
- In the People's Republic of China at that time, the 'ryo' unit was used to show the face value of silver-by-weight standard coins.
- 10000石 - 鉄砲20丁、弓10張、鑓50本持鑓共、馬上14騎(旗□本)
- 10000 koku - twenty Muskets, ten Bows, fifty Spears including spears owned by mounted warriors, fourteen Mounted Warriors (Banners)
- 中華人民共和国や台湾では豚肉を使うことが多いが、鶏肉、牛肉を使うものもある。
- In China and Taiwan, pork is often used to make denbu but chicken and beef is sometimes used as well.
- これらの例から、仏教美術の隆盛と共に截金は飛躍的な発展を遂げたことが窺える。
- From these examples, it is known that the kirikane technique had developed dramatically corresponding to the prosperity of Buddhist art.
- 人件費の安い中華人民共和国では政府の禁止令にもかかわらず密造が後を絶たない。
- The illicit manufacture of soy-sauce in People's Republic of China never ceased despite the prohibition by the government.
- 高野山・和歌山市と共に、作者の歴史・景勝好みが影響しているものと見られている。
- Mt. Yoshino, as well as Mt. Koya and Wakayama City, are thought to reflect the author's commitment to history and scenic beauty.
- そして京都の行政担当者である村井貞勝らと共に二条御所(二条新造御所)に移った。
- Thus, Nobutada moved to Nijo Gosho (newly built Imperial Palace in Nijo) together with Sadakatsu MURAI who was responsible for administration of Kyoto.
- その結果、自社両党による55年体制が崩壊し、非自民・非共産連立政権が成立した。
- As a result, the 1955-system by Liberal Democratic Party and Socialist Party of Japan collapsed and a coalition government, not including Liberal Democratic Party and Communist Party, was realized.
- 見廻組は新選組と共に一般犯罪者ではなく、反幕府勢力の取り締まりを専門に行った。
- Along with Shinsengumi (a group who guarded Kyoto during the end of Tokugawa Shogunate), Mimawarigumi specialized in clamping down on those forces which opposed the bakufu, and not offenders.
- 武家と公家・寺家は支配者としての共通面、相互補完的な側面、対立する面があった。
- The warrior class, the nobility, and the religious orders ruled jointly, each both complementing and competing with the others in different ways.
- 明治から昭和20年の終戦までは元号と共に神武天皇即位紀元がよく使用されていた。
- From the Meiji period to the end of the world war II in 1945, Jinmu Tenno Sokui Kigen was often used together with gengo (an era name).
- トルコ紀元(トルコ紀元。トルコ共和国。モンゴル高原での初代突厥可汗の即位元年)
- Turkish Era (Turkish era. Republic of Turkey. The first year is the enthronement of the first Turk Khan on Mongolian plateau).
- 母后嫄子の死後は頼通に養育され、長久元年(1040年)10月に着袴と共に准后。
- After her mother, the Empress Genshi, died, she was brought up by Yorimichi and was conferred in November 1040 the title of Jugo (honorable title next to three empresses) at the same time during the ceremony of chakko (first-time wearing of hakama).
- 一時期中絶したが、江戸時代になって中御門資胤の子、清閑寺共房が入って相続した。
- This family was discontinued for a certain period, but, during the Edo Period, Tomofusa SEIKANJI, who was the son of Suketane NAKAMIKADO, inherited it.
- その為、同母弟の忍熊皇子と共謀し、筑紫国から帰京する皇后らを迎撃しようとした。
- Thus, Imperial Prince Kagosaka conspired with Imperial Prince Oshikuma, a younger maternal half-brother, to attack the Empress Jingu and her baby, during their retuning trip from Tsukushi Province.
- 若衆は、惣村の警察・自衛・消防・普請・耕作など共同体の労働の中心を担っていた。
- Wakashu played a central part in the work of the community, such as police, self-defense, firefighting, construction and cultivation.
- これは唐の外圧に対して共同で対抗しようとする動きの一環だったと考えられている。
- It is thought that this was one of their strategies to counteract external pressure from the Tang Dynasty.
- さらに、共に私的な満足のための死であり、世の文明の役には立たないと論じている。
- Moreover, he discussed that both died to satisfy their own demands, not helping civilization to progress.
- 総務長官は台湾総督の姿勢を輔弼すると共に、台湾総督府の各政策の実務を担当した。
- The Chief of Home Affairs assisted the Governor-General and was responsible for the actual implementation of each policy formulated by the Sotoku-fu.
- 脱出した水戸浪士らは数日後、薩摩藩士と共謀して井伊直弼を暗殺(桜田門外の変)。
- The Mito roshi, who escaped to Edo, joined a few days later the feudal retainer of Satsuma and they killed Naosuke II (the Sakuradamongai Incident).
- 鉄筋コンクリートの使用が一般的になり、各地にモダニズムの公共施設が建設された。
- The use of ferroconcrete became common and public facilities everywhere were being built in the modern architectural style.
- 徳川家康は、慶長5年(1600年)関ヶ原の戦いに勝利し名実共に天下人となった。
- In 1600, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA won the Battle of Sekigahara and succeeded in becoming a ruler both in name and reality.
- かつて中華人民共和国の西方を意味する胡から伝えられたことから、胡粉と呼ばれる。
- It is called Gofun (胡粉) because it was brought from Ko (胡) which meant the western part of China before.
- 結果として両者共に目的を果たせなかったが、武田氏の支配地は着実に北上している。
- Neither side was able to accomplish its own aim, but the Takeda clan steadily expanded its territory into the northern direction
- 日本は永らく神道と仏教とを神仏習合(神仏混淆)という形で共存・混合させてきた。
- In Japan, the Shinto religion and Buddhism have coexisted and amalgamated for a long time in the form of a synchronization of Shinto and Buddhism.
- 一方で古来から続く流派も存在し、現代の弓道と共存しながら古流を守り続けている。
- Meanwhile, some schools from ancient times still exist and are preserving the traditional school while coexisting with modern Kyudo.
- 男子限定や女子限定の寺子屋も少なくはなかったが、男女共学の寺子屋が多数であった。
- There were some Terakoya which only took boys or girls, but most Terakoya were coed.
- 王は父の彦坐王と共に滋賀県愛知郡 (滋賀県)秦荘町・軽野神社の祭神となっている。
- Together with his father Hikoimasu no miko, Ozaho no okimi is enshrined as a deity at Karuno-jinja Shrine located in Hatasho-cho, Echi County, Shiga Prefecture.
- 後世、神功皇后と共に八幡神に付会され、皇祖神や武神として各地の八幡宮に祭られる。
- In later years, together with Empress Jingu, he was related to Hachimanshin (God of War) and was enshrined as Imperial ancestor and bushin in Hachiman-gu Shrines in various places.
- 両親の相次ぐ死で斎院を退下の後は、姉と共に祖母上東門院に引き取られて養育された。
- After retiring the Sai-in following the deaths of her parents, she and her elder sister were placed in the custody and rearing of their grandmother, Jotomonin.
- 「蝦夷共和国」は選挙によって大統領(総裁)を選出したが、官軍に程なく平定された。
- The Ezo Republic' elected their president (sosai), but was soon subjugated by the Imperial army.
- 毛利時親─毛利貞親─毛利親衡(初め親茂、祖父時親、父貞親共に晩年、安芸国に下向。
- Tokichika MORI - Sadachika MORI – Chikahira MORI (the forefather was Chikashige, and in his later years, he moved to the Aki Province in the south with his grandfather Tokichika and his father, Sadachika.
- 1922年、日本共産党が秘密裏に結成され、「君主制の廃止」をスローガンに掲げた。
- In 1922, the Japanese Communist Party was secretly formed with a slogan of 'abolition of the monarchy'.
- そのほか地方議会の議員に選出される者、中央官庁や地方公共団体に勤務する者もいた。
- Further, some were elected local assembly members, some worked for the central government or local government.
- 公共放送・・・関東庁逓信局(大連放送局)→満州電信電話株式会社(大連中央放送局)
- Public broadcast ⋯ Kwantung Agency Communication (Dalian station) => Manchuria Electric Telegram and Telephone Corporation (Dalian Central Station)
- もともとは一つの村落で、村人が共同で酒を造る小屋のことを酒屋(さかや)といった。
- Originally, a hut where villagers manufactured sake jointly was called sakaya (literally, sake house).
- 特に朝鮮に対しては「服属」を強く求めると共に「征明の先導」(征明嚮導)を求めた。
- It was the Joseon Dynasty that Hideyoshi strongly required 'submission' from and 'the guide for conquest of the Ming' (Seimin kyodo).
- 1983年1月、臨時市議会にて共産党が審議継続を求めるが古都税条例が可決された。
- January 1983: The ordinance for the Old Capital Tax was approved in an extraordinary city assembly in spite of the request from the Communist Party to carry the bill over to the next session.
- 同じく米と小豆を炊き込んだ赤飯との共通点が多く、いずれもハレの日に食されている。
- Azuki-gayu and sekihan (white rice cooked with azuki beans) have a number of features in common, such as both being eaten on celebrative occasions.
- 「いき」には、単純美への志向など、わび・寂などの日本の美的観念と共通部分もある。
- Iki' shares characteristics such as an orientation toward simple beauty in common with other Japanese aesthetic concepts like wabi (a state of calm, quiet subtlety which avoids being gaudy or showy) and sabi (austere elegance which reflects simplicity and loneliness).
- 肴(さかな)とは、酒を飲む際に添えて共に楽しむ対象を言い、これは食品に限らない。
- Sakana is a thing with which people enjoy having alcoholic beverages; yet, it is not necessarily a food item.
- 福井県の最西端に位置し、吉坂峠と共に若狭の自然の要塞として機能してきた歴史がある。
- It is the westernmost of Fukui Prefecture and for a long time it had served as a natural fortress in Wakasa area as well as Kissaka-toge Pass.
- 共に丹波国に由来するが、期間により漢字表記・仮名表記があり、また運行区間も異なる。
- The following two names originated from Tanba Province, but their notations (kanji (chinese characters) or kana (Japanese syllabary characters)) and operational lines differ according to their respective periods.
- 経基・経生の両王子が共に源氏を賜り臣籍降下したことから清和源氏の祖の一人となった。
- With the demotion from nobility to subject of princes Tsunemoto and Tsuneo when they were both given the family name Minamoto, he became one of the forefathers of Seiwa-Genji.
- 皇后美智子の手がける養蚕を、母・文仁親王妃紀子や妹・佳子内親王と共に手伝っている。
- She helps the Empress with her silk cultivation, which the empress is engaged in, with her mother Princess Kiko (the wife of Prince Akishinonomiya) and her younger sister Princess Kako.
- 結婚・独立後も週に一度から数度は参内し、父昭和天皇と食事を共にすることも多かった。
- The Crown Prince Akihito visited the Imperial Palace a few times a week even after the marriage to be independent, having a meal with his father, the Emperor Showa frequently.
- 天平16年(744年)には藤原仲麻呂と共に恭仁宮複都制に任命されるが、翌年没した。
- In 744 he was appointed to Kuninomiya Rusukan (an officer to guard Kuninomiya [currently Kizugawa City, Kyoto Prefecture] while master is away) together with FUJIWARA no Nakama ro, but died in the following year.
- 屯田兵に与えられる土地は従来の1.5倍となり、ほかに共同利用の公有地が用意された。
- The land given to a tondenhei became 1.5 times larger than that in the past, and, besides, the public land for shared use was prepared.
- 帰国後李承晩政権の国務委員を勤めるが、朝鮮戦争の際、朝鮮民主主義人民共和国へ連行。
- After going back to Korea, he served as the commissioner of internal affairs of the Syngman Rhee administration, but was later taken to Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) during the Korean War.
- 1960年代前半、部落解放同盟中央は、共産党系幹部主導による運動が進められてきた。
- In the early 1960s, led by the Japanese Communist Party leaning executives, the Buraku Liberation League Headquarter was promoting movement.
- この曲のヒットと共にたこ焼きの人気が上がり、ソウル特別市市内各地に屋台が広がった。
- Takoyaki became more popular with the success of this song, and food wagons dealing in takoyaki spread all over Seoul.
- ギリシャ神話の弓矢を持つ神々とヒンドゥー教の弓矢を持つ神々は幾つかの共通点がある。
- There are some common points between the gods with Yumiya in Greek myths and the gods with Yumiya in Hinduism.
- 「騎射」の名の通り流鏑馬で使われ、手綱を取る為に親指、手首共に固めが入っていない。
- As the name 'kisha' (to shoot an arrow with riding a horse) suggests, it is used in yabusame (horseback archery) and a thumb and a wrist are not reinforced because of holding the reins.
- 江戸時代には捕鯨の隆盛と共に庶民の縁起物として広く節気などに食されるようになった。
- In the Edo period, with flourishing of whale hunt, whale meat became a popular lucky charm for ordinary people and was eaten at sekki.
- 春には引揚記念公園、共楽公園、円山公園、夕潮台公園などの桜が市民にも親しまれている。
- People in the city enjoy cherry blossoms at Repatriation Memorial Museum, Kyoraku Park, Maruyama Park, and Yushiodai Park every spring.
- 天武天皇10年(681年)3月、忍壁皇子らと共に帝紀及び上古諸事の編纂を命じられる。
- In March 681, he was ordered to compile the Teiki (a genealogy of the imperial family) and the Joko shoji (matters of high antiquity) with Prince Osakabe.
- 定勝は京都所司代の板倉勝重と共に京都守備に貢献したことから、城米2万石を下賜された。
- Sadakatsu received an imperial grant of 20,000 koku for his contribution to the defense of Kyoto together with Katsushige ITAKURA of Kyoto shoshidai (the position which administered western Japan).
- 基本的に共通仕様上の読み違いによって、特性や基本構造に差異があるために起こる現象だ。
- This is a phenomenon which happens basically because of differences in features and basic structures as a result of misreading of common specifications.
- 上級官人と下級官人の家柄を明確にすると共に、中央貴族と地方豪族とをはっきり区別した。
- The Emperor clarified a family lineage between the superior and lower-level officials and made a sharp distinction between the central nobles and local powerful clans.
- これらの国衙遺跡から、各国の国衙区画プランにいくつかの共通点があることが判っている。
- These ruins of Kokuga showed that each land-use plan for the Kokuga shared several common points.
- 神祇信仰の論理性の強化は、仏教側からの侵食に対抗し、これと共生することを可能とした。
- Because of the consolidation of the logicalness, Jingi belief was able to confront the invasion of Buddhism and symbioses with.
- 的屋は「露天商及び行商人」の一種であり、伝統的な文化を地域と共有している存在である。
- Tekiya are a type of 'stallholder and peddler' and are a part of an area's traditional culture.
- 江戸時代の文政頃、月琴や胡琴等と共に日本に伝来、明治初年頃まで明清楽として流行した。
- They were introduced to Japan around the Bunsei era in the Edo period along with gekkin and huqin and had been popular as Ming and Xing-era Chinese music (as popularized in Japan before the First Sino-Japanese war) until around the first year of the Meiji period.
- やがて日中戦争が始まると、共産主義・社会主義への弾圧が強まり、自由主義も弾圧された。
- When the Sino-Japan war started before long, crackdowns on communism and socialism were strengthened, and liberalism also oppressed.
- 同郡では製銅が盛んだったようで、金属生産と巨人という出雲国の例との共通点もみられる。
- It seems that copper was produced actively in Taka County, and the fact is similar to the one in Izumo Province as the two places produced metal and had the legend of the giant.
- 時代と共に福の神として「商売繁盛」や「五穀豊穣」をもたらす、商業や農業の神となった。
- With the times, it has become the deity of commerce and agriculture bringing 'prosperous trade' and 'good harvests' as a deity of good luck.
- 日本国憲法第92条に基づく地方自治法では、村(そん、むら)は地方公共団体の一つである。
- The Local Autonomy Act, based on the Constitution of Japan Article 92, defines a village (son, mura) as one of local public authorities.
- 一方、全人衆の中には商工業によって富を得るものも多く、殿原衆との共存関係を築いてきた。
- On the other hand, in Zenjin-shu, some gained wealth by trade and craft and built a coexistence relationship between Tonobara-shu.
- ただし、全ての座が解体した訳ではなく、座役を伴わない商業共同体として残ったものもある。
- This was not to say, however, that all za were dismantled, and in fact some of them remained as commercial communities which did not have to do za-yaku.
- 1632年には井上政重らと共に総目付(後の大目付)に任じられ、3000石を加増された。
- In 1632, Munenori was appointed as Sometsuke (chief inspector of shogunate which was later renamed 'Ometsuke') together with Masashige INOUE and was given additional stipend 3,000 koku.
- 1950年代から1960年代には、共産主義者を中心に天皇制の廃止を訴える意見もあった。
- Between the 1950s and 1960s, there was a movement for the abolition of the Tennosei mainly from the communists.
- 三島由紀夫は、晩年、神風連の乱に強い関心を持ち、敬神党の思想に共感していたといわれる。
- Yukio MISHIMA is said to have become keenly interested in the Shimpuren-no-ran War and have sympathized for the ideology of the Keishin-to party in his later years.
- 倫理とは共同体の一員としての義務であり、思想とは命題に対して思惟を展開する行為である。
- Ethics is an obligation as a member of community and way of thought is an act to develop manas for proposition.
- が、小西軍に属していた五島勢は共に明水軍・朝鮮水軍の海上封鎖を受けて撤退を阻害された。
- However, the Ming and Korean navy's blockade impeded the withdrawal of Konishi's troops, including the Goto troops.
- 8月26日 日本は朝鮮に圧力を掛け親日政権を樹立、共同で清国に対処する方針を採らせる。
- August 26: Japan applies pressure on Korea to have a pro-Japanese government set up and have a policy to work with Japan in take measures against Qing.
- 天平勝宝4年(752年)の東大寺大仏開眼供養法会には、他の芸能と共に散楽が奉納された。
- Sangaku was performed, along with other arts, on the occasion of the Buddhist ceremony to consecrate the Great Buddha of Todai-ji Temple held in 752.
- また、中華人民共和国や朝鮮半島などアジアだけではなくヨーロッパやアフリカにも粥がある。
- It is found not only in Asian countries such the People's Republic of China and the Korean peninsula but also in Europe and Africa.
- そして社会構造の変化と共に「いくさ」そのものを指し、延いては「武」そのものに転化した。
- In addition, in accordance with the changingf social structure, the word Yumiya came to refer to 'ikusa' itself and eventually refered to the 'military' itself.
- 宮島には、冷泉を加温して給湯する温泉があったが、30年前の公共下水道工事により途絶えた。
- In Miyajima, there was a bath where heated cold spring was used, but it was discontinued because of public sewer work thirty years ago.
- 重要港湾指定の舞鶴港を擁しており、経済制裁前は朝鮮民主主義人民共和国船の入港が多かった。
- With Maizuru-ko Port designated as an important port/harbor, many ships from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) used this port before economic sanctions were enforced.
- 近代化以前の「村」は自然村(しぜんそん)ともいわれ、生活の場となる共同体の単位であった。
- A premodern 'village', also called a spontaneous village, was a unit of community where a group of people share a living space.
- 更に国会議員の福山哲郎が後押しする民主党候補の他、共産党候補と合わせて4名が立候補した。
- In addition, a DP candidate backed by MP Tetsuro FUKUYAMA and JCP candidate also joined, resulting in a total of four candidates in the race.
- ペルシャの叙事詩『シャー・ナーメ』に登場する暴君ザッハークとの共通性を指摘する説もある。
- There is an opinion pointing out the common characteristics between the Emperor and Zahhak, a tyrant, appearing in a Persian epic 'Sah Namah.'
- 和泉国では細川庶流二家による、国内を分割しない共同管理方式の守護二人制が採用されていた。
- In Izumi Province, the two branch families of Hosokawa adapted double Shugo system, which was a joint control method that does not divide a Province.
- 正邦は幕末期の動乱の中で老中を二度務め、板倉勝静や小笠原長行らと共に活躍した人物である。
- Becoming Roju (Senior Councillor of the Tokugawa shogunate) twice amid the upheavals of the end of the Edo period, Masakuni served in an effective manner with Katsukiyo ITAKURA and Nagamichi OGASAWARA.
- 藤原冬嗣6代孫の遠江国守藤原共資の養子、井伊共保が井伊谷の地へ移ったことに興ると伝える。
- It is transmitted that the clan was established when Tomoyasu II, an adopted child of Totomi kokushu (daimyo of Totomi) FUJIWARA no Tomosuke, who was the sixth grandchild of FUJIWARA no Fuyutsugu, moved to the land of Iinoya.
- 鎌倉時代に源頼朝に仕えた内藤盛家・内藤盛時がこれらの内藤氏の共通の先祖にあたるとされる。
- Moriie NAITO and Moritoki NAITO who served MINAMOTO no Yoritomo in the Kamakura period were the common ancestors of those Naito clans mentioned below.
- 優れた射手を養成すると共に鉄砲を有効的に用いた戦術を考案して優れた軍事集団へと成長する。
- Saikashu grew as an eminent military force by producing skilled shooters and designing tactics which made use of guns most efficiently.
- 榎本らは「蝦夷共和国」と名乗ったことはなく、また独立主権国家たると宣言したわけでもない。
- ENOMOTO and others did not called it 'Ezo Republic', nor declared it was an independent sovereign state.
- この合流によって、天狗党挙兵には反対であった武田耕雲斎が天狗党と行動を共にする事になる。
- Because Yorinori joined Tenguto, Kounsai TAKEDA, who was originally against Tenguto's raising army, started acting with them.
- 分家する際には分家者の妻および直系卑属およびその妻が分家と共に新たなに入ることができる。
- At the time of creation of a branch family, the wife of the head of the branch family and lineal descendants can be members of the new household.
- 中間に長い手事があり、三味線の技法も凝っており、複雑な転調と共に演奏の難しい曲とされる。
- This piece is considered a difficult piece of music with its complicated modulations, due to the shamisen's sophisticated technique for the long movement in the middle.
- 出羽国司次官である介が受領官に格上げされると共に、秋田城常駐となり軍事機能も強化された。
- The position of Suke, Deputy Governor of the kokushi in Dewa Province, was promoted to that of Zuryo (Provincial Governor), and the position was permanently stationed at Akita-jo Castle, enhancing its military capabilities.
- また支城の真田本城真田本城の支城群には、昌幸の従兄弟矢沢頼康が上杉の援兵と共に篭城した。
- In the branch castles of the Sanada Main Castle, Masayuki's cousin Yoriyasu YAZAWA and Uesugi's enpei (reinforcements) were besieged.
- また、足拍子を踏む事がよくあるが、その音が響くよう舞台の床下には共鳴腔が設けられている。
- Ashibyoshi is frequently stepped, and resonance holes are provided under the stage floor to reverberate the stepping sounds.
- その後、ギリシア、中近東からインド、中国を経て日本には仏教の伝来と共に伝わったとされる。
- Later, it is said that it was introduced to Greece, the Middle East, India, and China before coming down to Japan together with Buddhism.
- 実際に三家は(久田家を含めて)互いに養子を出し、また共同で制度整備にあたるなどしてきた。
- Actually, the three households (including the Hisada family) adopted children from one another, and collaborated in developing each others institutions.
- 指穴を押さえていない管で音が出ないのは、共鳴しない位置に指穴が開けられているためである。
- The reason why no sound comes out of a tube where the finger hole has not been covered is because the finger holes are opened at locations where there is no resonance.
- 現在の市議会においては日本共産党を除く各政党でオール与党体制を構築しているといわれている。
- In the current city assembly, it is said that all parties except the Japanese Communist Party constitute the all-ruling-party system.
- 父・後朱雀の即位と共に斎院に卜定され、長暦元年(1037年)4月13日 (旧暦)初斎院入。
- She was appointed to Saiin by fortunetelling at the same time when her father, Emperor Gosuzaku succeeded to the throne, and entered into Shosaiin (Hall of Initial Abstinence) on May 7, 1037.
- また、皇室典範の内容を全面的に「改正」すると共に、皇室祭祀令等戦前の皇室令を全て廃止した。
- Furthermore, they thoroughly 'amended' the contents of Imperial Household Law, and they also abolished all the Imperial Household Orders which were established before the war, including the Koshitsu Saishi Rei.
- もっとも、天皇自身は中華人民共和国が反日を強めるまでは、この訪問を御製に詠むなどしていた。
- However, the Emperor had often referred to the visit to China by composing Waka (31-syllable Japanese poems) and other means until anti-Japanese sentiment in China became stronger.
- 日本軍は海戦の不利を悟って、積極的な出撃戦術から消極的な水陸共同防御戦術へ方針を変更した。
- The Japanese army woke up their disadvantages in naval battles and switched their methods from positive sally tactics to passive joint defense by navy and army.
- そこで、赤坂に元からあった溜池が活用されると共に、井の頭池を水源とする神田上水が造られた。
- As a solution, the Kanda Waterworks that was fed by water from from Inokashira Pond, and a prexisting reservoir in Akasaka were used to supply water to the city.
- 神に民族・国の根拠を依拠する思想は、その国・民族が危機に面するほど過激になるのも世界共通。
- It is also the same all over the world that the idea that the ethnic groups and nations originate in God becomes radical as a nation and its people are in crisis.
- 当初、暦道と宿曜道が共同して暦を作成していた時期もあった(『小右記』長和4年7月8日条)。
- Initially, scholars of rekido and sukuyodo collaborated to make a calendar (according to an entry in 'Shoyuki' (the diary of FUJIWARA no Sanesuke) dated August 30, 1015).
- 例えば、中華人民共和国の北京市や上海市では1990年代から複数の焼き鳥屋が営業をしている。
- For instance, several yakitori-ya restaurants have been operating since 1990s in Beijing City and Shanghai City, People's Republic of China.
- 共通語では「滋賀」は頭高型アクセントで発音するが、地元の方言(近江弁)では尾高型で発音する。
- The stress is placed on the first syllable in standard Japanese while it is placed on the second syllable in the local dialect ('Omi ben').
- 榎本は箱館の五稜郭などの拠点を占領し、地域政権を打ち立てた(榎本政権(通称、蝦夷共和国))。
- Enomoto occupied bases such as; Goryokaku in Hakodate and established a regional government (the Enomoto Government, or commonly known as the Ezo republic).
- 天武天皇元年(672年)、壬申の乱が勃発すると、大津皇子ら、他の兄弟達と共に両親に同伴する。
- In 672, at the outbreak of Jinshin War, he accompanied his parents with other brothers including Prince Otsu.
- 比叡山での戦いの後、長男の新田義顕と共に後醍醐天皇の皇子・恒良親王を奉じて北国に拠点とした。
- After the battle in Mt. Hiei, Yoshisada, jointly with his first son, Yoshiaki NITTA, obeyed Imperial Prince Tsuneyoshi, the Prince of the Emperor Godaigo, and was based in Hokkoku.
- 欧州が採択するバブルでは、欧州共同体15カ国のそれぞれの削減目標がEU指令で定められている。
- In the bubble system adopted by Europe, individual reduction targets are assigned to each of 15 countries in European Community by the EU directive.
- また、荘民が結合して惣村などの村落共同体が形成されて荘園領主側との対立を起こすこともあった。
- Moreover, people living in shoen might be united to create a village community, such as soson (a community consisting of peasants' self-governing association), and confront the lord of the manor's side.
- このケースでは、国衙と荘園は必ずしも対立的ではなく、両者の共存関係が継続していたことになる。
- In this case, Kokuga and Shoen were not necessarily against each other but coexisted.
- 周辺諸国も唐と通交し、漢字・儒教・漢訳仏教などの諸文化を共有して東アジア文化圏が形成された。
- Various countries around China had friendly relations with Tang and the East Asian cultural sphere was formed with shared cultural features such as Chinese characters, Confucianism and Buddhism translated into Chinese.
- 明治4年(1871年)には、廃藩置県が断行され、名実共に幕藩体制は終焉した(明治維新参照)。
- In 1871, traditional feudal domains were abolished and prefectures were introduced by the Meiji government, ending the feudal system both in name and reality (Article of the Meiji Restoration).
- 図書助等は進んで稷山まで距離一里許の地に到り日の出と共に敵兵が山野に充満し近迫する様を見る。
- Zushonosuke advanced up to about 4 meters before Shokusan, whereupon it became evident that the enemy troops were starting to fill the mountain fields and were drawing closer at dawn.
- それらのいわば宗教共和国について、フロイスは高野山、粉河寺、根来寺、雑賀衆の名を挙げている。
- Frois pointed out the Koyasan Temple, the Kokawa-dera Temple, the Negoro-ji Temple and Saiga shu (Ikko groups) as the names of so-called religious republics.
- 陰陽師の台頭と共にその思想が風俗となって日本独自のものに変化し、現代にまで受け継がれている。
- Along with Onmyoji (Master of Yin yang) gaining power, their thoughts which became a mode of life were transformed to Japan-specific thoughts, and have been passed down to the modern age.
- また「帝室技芸員」にも選ばれ、第1回の文化勲章を受章し、名実共に京都画壇の筆頭となっていく。
- He was selected as a 'Teishitsu Gigeiin' (selected artist by Imperial Household Ministry) and won the first Order of Culture and became the top of Kyoto painting circles both in name and reality.
- 知的な論理や倫理ではなく、感情的な情緒や人情によってものごとを把握し、共感する能力・感受性。
- The sensibility and ability to grasp things with emotions and human kindness, instead of intellectual logic or ethics, and to empathize.
- 惣村(そうそん)は、中世日本における百姓の自治的・地縁的結合による共同組織(村落形態)を指す。
- A soson meant a community (in the form of a village) organized through autonomous, territorial connections among peasants in medieval Japan.
- その後、井上内親王はやがて幽閉先で宝亀6年(775年)4月27日、息子の他戸王と共に逝去した。
- Imperial Princess Inoe and his son Imperial Prince Osabe died in the place where they were confined on June 3, 775.
- 天平8年(736年)弟の佐為王と共に母・橘三千代の姓氏である橘宿禰を継ぐことを願い許可される。
- In 736, he and his younger brother Sai no Okimi asked to succeed TACHIBANA no Sukune (sukune refers to the third highest of the eight hereditary titles), which was the surname of their mother TACHIBANA no Michiyo, and permitted.
- 安永6年(1777年)には側用人となり、従四位下に昇進すると共に駿河沼津藩2万石に転封となる。
- In 1777, he became a sobayonin; as he got promoted to Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade), his territory was changed to 20,000 koku of Suruga-Numazu Domain.
- 前者の有用な部分は後者によって承継され、吉宗主導の改革と共に後世に残ったとみるのが至当である。
- It is reasonable to understand that useful policies implemented in the former were succeeded by the latter and carried out under the reforms conducted by Yoshimune in succeeding years.
- この時期の中国を中心とする東アジア諸国では共通して、律令に基づく国家統治体制が構築されていた。
- Chinese dynasties as the center of the development of Luli, the ruling and administrative order based on Luli system was commonly established in each of those Eastern Asian countries.
- 政府による言論と政治活動の弾圧を背景として、人権に関する規定が詳細なことは、おおむね共通する。
- Most of the public ideas included detailed descriptions of human rights to oppose suppression of free speeches and political activities by the government.
- とりわけ、聖なる時間/俗なる時間という区分けとハレ/ケという区分けは相互に共通する部分がある。
- In particular, there is a correlation between the two with respect to how the sacred period and the profane period are distinguished, and how hare and ke are distinguished.
- 神のよりしろとしての象徴的意味のほかに、囃子の音を共鳴させる反響版としての役割も果たしている。
- This has a symbolic meaning as an object representative of a divine spirit, and also serves as a reverberating board for resonance of the sounds of Hayashi.
- 一方京阪から遠い北部(彦根市・米原市・長浜市など)は京阪だけでなく北陸とも文化的に共通点を持つ。
- On the other hand, the northern part (including Hikone, Maibara and Nagahama Cities), which is distant from Kyoto or Osaka, has a lot in common culturally not only with Kyoto and Osaka but also with the Hokuriku region.
- 氷河期からの生き残りとされる生物と温暖地に生息する生物が共存しており、学術的にも貴重な池である。
- Living things that are presumably survivors from the Ice Age and those that make the warm-temperature region their habitat coexist here, making Midoroga-ike Pond a pond of scientific value.
- 「吉野」「吉野地方」の範囲は時代によって異なっており、時代が下ると共に奥へ奥へと拡大していった。
- The scope of 'Yoshino' and 'Yoshino region' changed with times and expanded to deeper and deeper as we go forward in time.
- またこれ以降中華人民共和国国内の反日が強まったとの見地から、行なうべきでなかったとの批判が強い。
- Furthermore, from the standpoint that anti-Japanese sentiment in China became stronger after the visit, lots of people criticized the visit, saying that it should not have been carried out.
- また平和が長く続いたことで国内が一体化すると共に産業や金融も発達し、これも近代化の基盤となった。
- Moreover, the unification within the country realized by long-lasting peace, as well as the development of industry and finance, was also a basis of its modernization.
- 幕軍の追っ手から逃れると共に、京都に上り一橋慶喜を通じて朝廷へ尊皇攘夷の志を訴えることを決した。
- They decided to run away from the bakufu's pursuers, go to Kyoto, and through Yoshinobu HITOTSUBASHI, appeal the Imperial Court their wish of Sonno Joi.
- 憲実は戦後に子達と共に出家し政務から引退し、憲実の実弟の上杉清方(上条清方)が管領代行となった。
- Norizane became a priest along with his children after the war to retire from government affairs, while his younger brother Kiyokata UESUGI (Kiyokata JOJO) became an acting Kanto Kanrei.
- そのような事情から南樺太を外地として扱わないことがあり、前述の共通法でも内地として扱われていた。
- For the reasons, Southern Sakhalin was not treated as Gaichi and the Common law, previously stated, defined it as the inland.
- これを機に朝廷でも新制が出され、「弘安徳政」と呼ばれる幕府・朝廷共同の政治改革の動きに発展した。
- It galvanized the Imperial court to enact its shinsei and led to the movement of political reform, which is called koan-tokusei (political reforms in the Koan era), carried out by the cooperation between the bakufu and the Imperial court.
- 中華人民共和国では、1尺=(1/3)メートルと定めたので、1寸は約3.33センチメートルとなる。
- In People's Republic of China, 1 shaku (in pinyin, 'chi') was set at 1 over 3 meters, so 1 sun (in pinyin, 'cun') became about 3.33 centimeters.
- 共和国と表現されたように、これら寺社勢力や惣国一揆は高い経済力と軍事力を擁して地域自治を行った。
- As the word 'republic' shows, these temple and shrine powers and sokoku ikki (riot of the whole province) built autonomy with high economic and military powers.
- しかし、後世の史料であるが「庄内陣記」には義弘・忠恒が共謀し義久が同意を与えたという記述がある。
- However, although it was written later, 'Shonai Jinki' (Shonai war chronicle) has an entry stating that Yoshihiro and Tadatsune had conspired together while Yoshihisa gave his consent to the plan.
- また特別な日には最高の賞品として一定の条件を満たせば気に入った矢取り女と閨を共にする事が出来た。
- On special days, the top prize was a night with the yatori onna of one's choice, if certain requirements were met.
- 中華人民共和国には、雲片糕(ユンピエンガオ、yúnpiàngāo)と呼ばれる、薄手の落雁がある。
- In China, there is a thin rakugan referred to as yunpiangao.
- 海外では、大韓民国最南部の済州島や全羅南道高興郡など、中華人民共和国の一部地域で栽培されている。
- Overseas, it is cultivated on Chejudo Island, the southernmost island of the Republic of Korea, Kofun-gun in Gyeongsangnam-do Prefecture, and some parts of the People's Republic of China.
- 近現代でも、文化大革命のとき、無実の罪で糾弾された共産党員が、公衆の面前で割腹自殺した例がある。
- Even in the modern era, there are examples of Communist Party members accused of crimes that they did not commit taking their own lives by cutting their abdomens in public during the Cultural Revolution.
- あわせて郡衙、寺院の遺跡も見つかり、これらと照らし合わせて国府に共通する特徴が浮かび上がってきた。
- With the additional discovery of the ruins of gunga (county government offices) and temples, these elements made the common feature of Kokufu clear.
- 2006年1月1日に周辺4町が合併して南丹市となり、地方公共団体としての日吉町は歴史の幕を閉じた。
- On January 1, 2006 four neighboring towns were merged to form Nantan City, thereby ending the history of Hiyoshi-cho as a local government.
- 2006年1月1日に周辺4町が合併して南丹市となり、地方公共団体としての園部町は歴史の幕を閉じた。
- Nantan City was formed through the merger between Sonobe-cho and the surrounding four towns on January 1, 2006, bringing a close to the history of Sonobe-cho as a municipality.
- 2006年1月1日に周辺4町が合併して南丹市となり、地方公共団体としての美山町は歴史の幕を閉じた。
- On January 1, 2006, four neighboring towns were merged to form Nantan City, ending the history of Miyama-cho as a municipal government.
- 若狭・丹後地方は守護の武田氏と旧守護の一色氏が抗争をつづけたものの共に内紛により弱体化していった。
- In the Wakasa and Tanba regions, conflicts between the Takeda clan and Isshiki clan who was a former shugo continued but both clans weakened due to their internal disputes.
- 義朝と行動を共にした源重成・季実も滅亡の運命を辿り、ここに後白河院政派は事実上壊滅することになる。
- Orders to eliminate MINAMOTO no Shigenari and Hidezane, who had acted in tandem with Yoshitomo, followed in due course, and with their deaths, the Goshirakawa Insei faction had effectively been destroyed.
- 経宗・惟方の失脚の理由としては、信西殺害の共犯者としての責任を追及されたことによるものと見られる。
- The reason for Tsunemune and Korekata's downfall is thought to be the fruits of the investigation into their guilt for colluding in the death of Shinzei.
- そのため、しばしば政治に混乱が生じ、宦官と共に権力を壟断する害悪として常に王朝の頭痛の種になった。
- This often caused political disorder, and the maternal relatives were always the thorn in the side of the dynasty as a poison that monopolizes the powers along with the eunuchs.
- 日本の奴婢制度は、律令制の崩壊と共に消滅し、900年代には既に奴婢制度の廃止令が出ている様である。
- The slavery system in Japan disappeared along with the collapse of the ritsuryo system, and in the 900s, an edict to abolish the slavery system seemed to be already promulgated.
- 彼らは先進的な部民共同体の中で戸を単位に編成され、6世紀には籍帳に登載されて、正式に氏姓をもった。
- They were organized making each house one unit in an advanced community of people who belonged to the Yamato Regime; in the sixth century, their family name and hereditary titles were written down in their register book; in this way they had an official family name and hereditary title.
- 惣村の精神的な中心である神社(鎮守)を維持するために神田を設定し、共同耕作することも広く見られた。
- To maintain a shrine, the Chinju (local Shinto deity), which was the spiritual center of the soson, a shinden (or kanda) (sacred rice field) was established, and joint cultivation prevailed.
- しかし、棚田は山の上と下で農作業時期が微妙に違うため、平地の集落に比べて農業機械の共有化がし易い。
- In the case of Tanada, however, the timing of farm operations differs slightly between the upper part and the lower part of a mountain, so it is easier to share agricultural machines than in lowland villages.
- 中華人民共和国では、江蘇省無錫は揚げ麩の産地として知られており、上海料理の煮物によく用いられいる。
- In the People's Republic of China, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, is known as a production center of age-fu that are often used in simmered dishes of Shanghai cuisine.
- 四弦系(曲頚)琵琶は、西アジアのウード、ヨーロッパのリュートと共通の起源を持ち、形もよく似ている。
- The four-stringed type of biwa (Kyokukei) has a common origin with the oud (lute-like instrument of Arabic Origin) in West Asia and the lute in Europe and a similar shape to those.
- 同じ米食文化を共有する東アジアや東南アジア諸国には、日本と類似した料理、食材などが数多く見られる。
- Countries in East Asia and Southeast Asia which share the same rice-eating culture have many cuisines and foodstuffs similar to those in Japan.
- またしばしば中国琵琶とテクニックを共有し、中国琵琶のために伝統的に書かれた曲を演奏することがある。
- The sanxian and Chinese lute have many performance skills in common, so the tunes traditionally composed for the Chinese lute are occasionally performed with the sanxian.
- 日本と同じ米作地帯である中華人民共和国、台湾、大韓民国、タイ王国の一部などでもおにぎりは作られる。
- Onigiri is also made in China, Taiwan, South Korea, and part of Thailand, which are the same rice-producing zone as Japan.
- なお、これは「サンティアゴ・デ・コンポステーラの巡礼路」(スペイン)と共に珍しい道の世界遺産である。
- It is a rare example of roads which have been registered as a word heritage site, along with ` Way of St. James' (Spain).
- これを不服として一時家康と共に秀吉と相対するが、結局講和して秀吉の下に下った(小牧・長久手の戦い)。
- As he was not satisfied with this and opposed to Hideyoshi in cooperation with Ieyasu for a certain time, but, finally made peace and surrendered to Hideyoshi (the Battle of Komaki-Nagakute).
- この時代、自検断権に基づいて、ほとんど全ての階層の共同体が軍事警察力と司法権の行使を認められていた。
- One should note, however, that in this period communities at nearly all levels of the hierarchy were allowed to execute military and police powers and judicial power based on their right of jikendan (ruling and judging).
- 水稲農耕に必要な首長権力や、共同体の結束強化、内部と外部での階級差を反映しているとも考えられている。
- The different size of moats were probably representing how strong a chieftaincy's controlling power was over wet-rice cultivation in the area, how tight the community was united, or the difference in villager classes who lived inside and outside the moat.
- 谷子爵の当時の苦衷と云ふものは、共に籠城した余等でなければ、到底想像だも出来ないであろうと思はれる。
- The suffering experienced by Viscount TANI would be unimaginable for anyone except those like me who were besieged there as well.
- 現存する天皇の日記として最初のもので、『醍醐天皇御記』『村上天皇御記』と共に「三代御記」と呼ばれた。
- It is the first existing diary of the Emperor and it was called 'the three major gyoki' together with 'Daigo tenno gyoki' (the Emperor Daigo's diary) and 'Murakami tenno gyoki' (the Emperor Murakami's diary).
- そのため、騎馬のまま突撃したり、下馬して武家奉公人と共に徒で突き進むといった状況に応じた行動を採る。
- Therefore, they responded either by attacking on horsebacks or by getting off the horses and advancing on foot with their samurai family servants, depending on the situation.
- 「党」とは呼ばれないまとまりのある「武士団」においても、そうした性格の一部はある程度は共通している。
- The unified 'bushidan' that was not called as 'to' also had similarities in some characteristics.
- 一方、豊臣政権擁護の立場から、石田三成は上杉景勝や毛利輝元、宇喜多秀家らと共に家康との対立を試みる。
- On the other hand, Mitsunari ISHIDA, together with Kagekatsu UESUGI, Terumoto MORI, Hideie UKITA and others, tried to fight against Ieyasu in order to protect the Toyotomi government.
- ただし、10両を1斤としたのは中華人民共和国となって以降のことで、それまでは16両を1斤としていた。
- But it was only in the age of People's Republic of China that 10 ryo was equalized with 1 kin, and until then, 16 ryo had been equalized with 1 kin.
- 共和制ローマでは、貴族(パトリキ、patrici)以外の市民を平民(プレブス、plebs)と呼んだ。
- In the Republic of Rome, citizens other than patrici (patricians) were called plebs (plebeians).
- パブ(大衆酒場)や学生食堂で安い値段で気軽に食べられる庶民性の点でも日本でのカレーライスと共通する。
- The curry and rice in Britain is common to Japanese curry in that it is common amongst people as it is available at low prices at pubs and school cafeterias.
- この儀式を終えた男児は以後、褌の着用が許され、村の共同体で結婚の資格を有した一人前の男性と扱われた。
- After the ceremonies had concluded an adolescent was afterwards permitted to wear a loincloth, treated as an adult and and permitted to marry from the community.
- この迎え火を村落の男子の青年以外の者達は離れた場所から見て、皆で共に先祖の霊を招き迎えることとなる。
- By viewing this mukaebi from a distance, the other villagers, aside from the young men, join in welcoming their ancestors' souls.
- なぎなた防具ではこれにすね当てが加わり5種になると共に、小手の様式が剣道用とは幾分違ったものになる。
- The protective gear for naginata has the fifth part, the shin guard, and its Kote design is slightly different from the one for Japanese art of fencing.
- 公共トイレでは上着や手荷物を掛けるためのフックが個室内にあることが多く、ズボン等を吊るすのに使える。
- Many public lavatories often have a hook on which we hang a coat or a baggage in the compartments and we can use it for hanging trousers and so on.
- その一方で、公共施設の便所や公衆便所などでは和式のみ、または和式と洋式を一部併設している場合が多い。
- On the other hand, many lavatories in public facilities or public lavatories have only washiki, although some have both washiki and yoshiki.
- このことから、専門の清掃業者を雇って掃除を行っている場合もあり、消耗品などと共に維持に費用が掛かる。
- For this reason, they are cleaned sometimes by hiring people from a professional cleaning company and additional cost is required for maintenance as well as consumables and so on.
- 江戸時代、領主と住人の仲介者として宿場町の自治行政を行うと共に問屋場を管理した町役人(宿場役人)の長。
- In the Edo period, as mediators between feudal lords and people, Toiya served as public administrators in Shukubamachi (inn town), and at the same time, were chiefs of Machi yakunin (officials in a post station) who were in charge of Toiyaba (administration office).
- 」(相親相愛、ただ兄弟の如くあるのみならず、言語飮食、利害緩急、之を共にせざるは無し)と記されている。
- The relationship between them is more than the relationship between brothers, and moreover, they even use the same language and share food, drink, and interests.'
- 『旧辞』と共に、天武天皇が稗田阿礼に暗誦させたといわれ、のちに記紀編纂の基本史料となったと伝えられる。
- It is said that Emperor Tenmu made HIEDA no Are recite the Teiki from memory along with the 'Kyuji' (mythical tradition), and later this was said to be the basic historical material for the compilation of the later Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters) and Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan).
- しかし後に、皇帝位を簒奪してみずから皇帝を名乗り、新王朝を開くと共に王朝名を周とした(武周と称する)。
- However, she usurped the title and called herself empress, at the same time, she started a new dynasty and named it Shu (called Bushu).
- 安康天皇3年(456年)父が雄略天皇に殺されると、兄の億計王(後の仁賢天皇)と共に逃亡して身を隠した。
- In 456, when his father was killed by Emperor Yuryaku, Oke no miko (which was written as '弘計王' in Japanese) escaped with his elder brother, Oke no miko (which was written as '億計王' in Japanese, who was the future Emperor Ninken,) and went into hiding.
- 「国民と共に日本国憲法を守り、国運の一層の進展と世界平和、人類の福祉の増進を切に希望して止みません。」
- Observing the Constitution of Japan with the nation, I sincerely hope for Japan's further prosperity, global peace and the promotion of the welfare of the people.'
- 通常、上皇・皇太子以下男性貴族は公的な場に冠・私的な場に烏帽子を対応する平安装束と共に使い分けていた。
- Generally, retired emperors, princes, and male nobles wore Court caps at official occasions and eboshi (formal headwear for Court nobles) at private occasions, with matching Heian costumes respectively.
- 1931年総選挙で共和主義派が勝利したのを受けてブルボン家のアルフォンソ13世 (スペイン王)が退位。
- In 1931, when a party of republicans won the general election, Alfonso XIII (King of Spain) stepped down from the throne.
- また、法的には共通法1条で内地(同条2項で樺太は内地に含むと規定)とされていない地域が外地に該当する。
- Further, Article 1 of the Common law legally defines Gaichi as the region that is not included in the inland (Article 2 stipulates that Karafuto [Sakhalin] is included in the inland).
- 中華人民共和国の雲南省、ベトナム、タイ王国、ネパール、インドネシア、フィリピンの棚田は特に有名である。
- Rice terraces in Yunnan Province of China, Vietnam, the Kingdom of Thailand, Nepal, Indonesia and Philippines are especially well-known.
- 村重是を聞きて、実に是もさる事也、妻子諸軍士共のためなれば、いかにもして忍び出で謀ほめぐらすべき候。'
- Murashige heard this and thought that the opinion was reasonable and decided to go out of the castle secretly and concoct a resourceful strategy for the sake of his family and soldiers.'
- 中華人民共和国では、「洋食」のひとつとして、ホテルなどでイギリス式のカレーライスを食べることができる。
- In People's Republic of China, British-style curry and rice is available at hotels as one of 'Western foods.'
- 戦での首切りの習慣や周辺諸民族の風習と併せて考えると、切腹は南方諸民族の共有していた生命観に行き着く。
- Considering both the practice of beheading during battle and the customs of surrounding peoples, one concludes that seppuku originated from a belief of life that was shared by southern peoples.
- 茶入はもともと床に飾るべきものだったのが、時代と共に省略され重く扱う場合でも茶筅飾のみが行われていた。
- Chaire used to be displayed in tokonoma in the past, but the procedure came to be abbreviated over time; even when the chaire needed special treatment, only chasen kazari had been conducted.
- 元亀4年(1573年)に足利義昭を京から放逐すると、室町幕府は事実上崩壊し、名実共に織田政権が確立する。
- When he exiled Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA from Kyoto in 1573, Muromachi Bakufu virtually collapsed, and the Oda government was established in name and reality.
- 江戸市中警護の任についていた庄内藩は上山藩と共同し、この薩摩藩士の拠点となっていた薩摩邸を焼き討ちした。
- The Shonai Domain, given the task of guarding Edo City, along with the Kaminoyama Domain burned down the Satsuma residence where the retainers of the Satsuma Domain were based.
- 時を同じくして、律令制の崩壊と共に、上級貴族は政治への意欲を全くなくし、地方政治は国司に一任されていた。
- Coincidentally, with the demise of the Ritsuryo system (the political system based on the ritsuryo codes), the high-level aristocrats lost their eagerness for politics completely, and accordingly, local politics were entrusted to the Kokushi.
- 朱鳥元年(686年)7月には重態に陥った天武天皇から母と共に大権を委任され、9月には天武天皇が崩御する。
- In August, 686, he and his mother were entrusted with the sovereign right from Emperor Temmu who were seriously ill, after that Emperor Temmu demised in September.
- 現在では和歌山県和歌山市にある玉津島神社に稚日女尊(わかひるめのみこと)、神功皇后と共に合祀されている。
- Today, she is jointly enshrined with Wakahirume no mikoto and Empress Jingu at Tamatsushima-jinja Shrine located in Wakayama City, Wakayama Prefecture.
- 神祇官が神祇省に降格するに伴い、1871年(明治4年)9月に宮中に遷座し、賢所と共に「皇廟」と呼ばれた。
- As the Jingikan was demoted to the Jingisho (Ministry of Divinities), the Koreiden was transferred to the Imperial Palace in September 1871, and it was then called 'Kobyo' (Imperial mausoleum) together with the Kashikodokoro (Kensho).
- 陵号の由来になったとされる古井戸の「御陰井」が陵南の集落中にあり、陵と共に宮内庁によって管理されている。
- The old well 'mihotonoi', which is considered to be the origin of the title of this misasagi, is located in the town of the south of misasagi,and that well is managed by the Imperial Household Agency with misasagi.
- 中華人民共和国からはその後2008年、北京オリンピック開会式に天皇の訪中の要請がなされたが、断っている。
- Although the People's Republic of China requested the Emperor to attend the opening ceremony of Beijing Olympic Games in 2008, the Imperial Household Agency turned down the request.
- 王権形成が進み古墳時代に入ると、首長層は共同体の外部に居館を置くようになり、環濠集落は次第に解体される。
- Once Wakoku had advanced its sovereignty by early Kofun (tumulus) period, chiefs began placing their residences outside the village, and moat settlements were gradually dismantled.
- 『延喜式』では和泉国を含めて86町あり、宮内省営田と各国営田があるが、経営の責任者は共に国司に委された。
- 'The Engishiki' provided 86 cho including Izumi Province, and some rice fields were managed by the Imperial Household Ministry and others were managed by each province but the persons in charge of the management were authorized by kokushi (provincial governors).
- 中華人民共和国では、1升=1リットルと定義し、また、SI単位としてのリットルにも「升」の字を宛てている。
- In People's Republic of China, 1 sho (also called as sheng in pinyin) is equalized with 1 liter, and the liter as the unit of the International Unit System (SI) is also written as 'sho' (升) in a Chinese character.
- 主人・従者の両者は、御恩と奉公という互恵関係を結ぶことで、一定の共同体(武士団)を作っていったのである。
- A master and his servants formed a certain union (samurai group) by establishing mutually beneficial relationships called goon and hoko.
- 律令では、まず出挙が私的・自由な契約関係に依るべきであり、官庁の管理を受けないことを共通原則としていた。
- In the Ritsuryo codes, it was regarded as a common principle that Suiko should be managed in line with the private and free contract relationship, without being managed by the government office.
- 更に北ヨーロッパなどでは伝統的な価値観や共同体の維持と言った保守的な思想のもとで出される場合が多かった。
- In Northern Europe, they were issued based on conservative thoughts, which included traditional values and were aimed at maintaining the community.
- 即ち、中世以前の武家の主従関係は利害を共有することにより成立し、けして絶対的なものではなかったのである。
- As shown above, the relationship of master and vassal among samurai until the medieval period was based only on the common interests of both parties and was not absolute.
- 1870年(明治3年)に、弘文天皇(大友皇子)、仲恭天皇と共に、明治天皇から「淳仁天皇」と追号を賜られた。
- In 1870, together with Emperor Kobun (Prince Otomo) and Emperor Chukyo, he received a posthumous name, 'Emperor Junnin' from Emperor Meiji.
- 義輝の代に、細川氏の没落後台頭した三好長慶と共に幕政を壟断したものの長慶と対立し失脚したため勢力を弱めた。
- During the period of Yoshiteru, they exclusively controlled the shogunate government with Nagayoshi MIYOSHI who increased in power after the decline of the Hosokawa clan, but later the Ise clan conflicted with Nagayoshi and lost their position, weakening their power.
- ともあれ、いさかいを起こしながらも、一応同盟を結んだ両家は次第にともに共謀して反信長に結束することになる。
- At any rate, the two families entered into an alliance as best they could even through they had an argument, but ended up conspiring together against Nobunaga.
- 729年大将軍であった時、知太政官事舎人親王・藤原武智麻呂らと共に長屋王邸に派遣され、王の罪状を審議する。
- In 729, when he was the commander in chief, he was sent to the residence of the Prince Nagaya together with the Deputy Prime Minister, FUJIWARA no Muchimaro to deliberate on the prince's accusation.
- (高宗の解放嘆願書の効無く、大院君の幽閉は3年間続き、帰国は駐箚朝鮮総理交渉通商事宜の袁世凱と共とだった。
- (Daewongun's confinement continued for another three years despite Gojong's petitions appealing for his release, and when he returned home it was with YUAN Shikai, Resident in Korea for Diplomatic and Commercial Relations.)
- 中華人民共和国が中国東北部を完全に掌握したのは1955年のことであり、日露戦争から50年後のことであった。
- It was not until 1955 that the People's Republic of China reassumed full control over northeastern China -over fifty years after the Russo- Japanese War.
- かつては即吉→共引→周吉→虚亡→泰安→赤口(名称については他説有り)の順で繰り返されていた、とされている。
- It is said that rokuyo once repeated in the order of sokukichi (即吉) => tomobiki (共引)=> shukichi (周吉) => kyomo (虚亡) => taian (泰安) => shakko (as for the names, there are other theories).
- すなわち卵を縦に半分に割ったような形の共鳴胴に棹を付け、糸倉(ヘッド)がほぼ直角に後ろに曲がった形である。
- It has a sound box shaped like an egg cut in half lengthwise and a neck with a pegbox (the part which the tuning pegs are inserted into) bent roughly 90 degrees backwards.
- そして世界各地には自然と共生をはかり、慎ましやかに暮らしている狩猟民族が、今日も日々の糧を弓矢で得ている。
- In addition, hunters who try to live together with nature and live humbly get food for living by Yumiya even today.
- 同4年(1072年)後三条天皇退位、翌同5年(1073年)病の後三条上皇と共に出家するがまもなく上皇は崩御。
- She entered the priesthood along with the ill Emperor Gosanjo in 1073, who had abdicated the throne in 1072; however, he died shortly afterward.
- 幕府滅亡時には兄の高時と行動を共にせず、兄の遺児である北条時行を逃がした後、自身も陸奥国へと落ち延びている。
- Yasuie did not join his elder brother, Takatoki, at the fall of the bakufu, and after releasing Tokiyuki HOJO, his elder brother's son, withdrew to Mutsu Province.
- これにより諸大名の財政を圧迫させて幕府への抵抗力を削減すると共に、豊臣氏への包囲網と西国大名の押さえとした。
- The Tenkabushin aimed not only to put daimyo in financial difficulties to lower the resistance power of daimyo to the bakufu, but also helped encircle the Toyotomi clan and give pressure to Saigoku daimyo.
- そのうえで自らが所属する共同体への倫理と天からあたえられた倫理が衝突した場合に武士は天倫を選択すると考えた。
- He thought then that if there was a conflict between the ethics of a community to which oneself belonged and the ethics from Heaven, samurai would chose the latter.
- 一般に、クリーン開発、排出量取引、共同実施の 3つのメカニズムを指すが、これに吸収源活動を含めることもある。
- In general, it refers to three mechanisms: Clean Development, International Emissions Trading, and Joint Implementation, but it sometimes includes activities for sinks.
- 崇神の和風諡号は「ミマキイリヒコ」、次の垂仁天皇の和風諡号は「イクメイリヒコ」で、共にイリヒコが共通している。
- Emperor Sujin was posthumously named Mimakiirihiko and his successor, Emperor Suinin, was posthumously named Ikumeirihiko, with both referred to as Irihiko.
- 1335年(建武 (日本)2年)に足利尊氏が新政から離反すると、北畠親子と共に尊氏討伐のために京都へ引き返す。
- In 1335, Takauji ASHIKAGA defected from the new government, and the prince, along with the parent and child of KITABATAKE, returned to Kyoto to defeat Takauji.
- なお8代将軍吉宗以降は、御三家を模した御三卿が創設され、御三家と共に将軍家の嗣子を出す役目を担うことになった。
- After the eighth shogun Yoshimune, Gosankyo, which was modeled after Gosanke, was established and served to offer heirs to the shogun family along with Gosanke.
- 江戸時代後期の当主の中山愛親(なるちか)は、尊号一件の際に、老中松平定信と対決して正親町公明と共に処分された。
- Naruchika NAKAYAMA, who was the family head during the latter part of the Edo Period confronted Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA, roju (senior councillor of the Tokugawa shogunate), on the occasion of the songo ikken (literally, incident concerning honorific title) and was punished together with Kinaki OGIMACHI.
- 第二次世界大戦が終わると、共産主義や近代政治学(前記の丸山眞男ら)の立場などから天皇制批判が数多く提議された。
- After World War II, there came numerous criticisms of the Tennosei from the perspective of communism and modern political science (from people such as Masao MARUYAMA who was mentioned above).
- しかし、この時期に元の内部でも反乱が続き、日本へ軍が出せる状態ではなくなり、クビライの死と共に完全に頓挫した。
- However, the successive occurrence of rebellions in the Yuan Dynasty during this period made it impossible to send an army to Japan, and following the death of Kublai, the plan was completely abandoned.
- 漂着同然で各地に入港する外国船からの伝染病の脅威は幕府施薬院の成立と共に検疫強化に踏み切ったという見方もある。
- Another viewpoint claims that the Bakufu embarked on strengthening its quarantine practices in addition to establishing the Bakufu Seyaku-in (Pharmacy Institution), citing the threat of infectious diseases brought in by foreign ships entering ports in various regions in conditions that were no better than drifting ships.
- 秋田藩では大館城と横手城(共に戊辰戦争で焼失)が対象外となり、久保田城と合わせて合計3城を持つことを許された。
- In the Akita Domain, Odate-jo Castle and Yokote-jo Castle (both were burnt down in the Boshin War) were exception to disposal, as a result, the domain was allowed to have three castles in total, which were the above-mentioned two castles along with Kubota-jo Castle.
- なお、共通法は、その性質上当然に(領土ではない関東州や南洋群島も含む)外地にも施行されるべき法律とされていた。
- The Common law was considered applicable to overseas territories (including the Kwantung Leased Territory and the South Sea Islands which were not Japan's territories) due to the nature.
- その実態は、史料がほとんど残っていないためよく分かっていないが、律令制の崩壊と共に実態が良民と変わらなくなる。
- Although their reality is not fully known because of a lack of historical records, they probably became like ryomin with the collapse of the system of the Ritsuryo codes.
- この事件が起こった時点では日本共産党は再建されていない(1926年12月の五色温泉での第3回大会により再建)。
- When this affair occurred, the Japanese Communist Party, which reconstituted as a result of the third meeting at Goshiki Onsen Hot Spring in December, 1926, had not yet been reconstituted.
- 形状の最も大きな特徴としては直垂と大紋は袴の腰紐が白布であるのに対し、素襖のそれは共裂であることが挙げられる。
- The largest difference is that hitatare and daimon used a white waist cord while the suo's cord was made with the same cloth.
- 2003年に遊戯施設のロッテワールド内で販売が始まり、「たこ焼きのうた」と共に人気を博し、韓国語カバーが出た。
- Takoyaki began to be sold in Lotte World, an amusement park, in 2003 and gained popularity along with 'The Song of Takoyaki,' which was translated into Korean.
- ただし、これは柔術に限らず伝統武術に共通する欠点であるが、習熟に時間がかかる割りに現代では非実戦的な技も多い。
- However, jujutsu has its drawbacks that much time is needed to master and that many techniques impractical today are included, which are shared with other traditional Japanese martial arts.
- ただし、日本聖書協会の口語訳聖書では「祭」と表記されているが、新共同訳聖書においては「祭り」と表記されている。
- However, the orally translated Bible of the Japan Bible Society has a description of 'matsuri' (祭) but the New Testament jointly translated has a description of 'matsuri' (祭り).
- 江戸時代中期以降、地歌、箏曲、胡弓楽はそれぞれ固有の曲も残しつつ、合奏のため同じ曲を共有する比率が高くなった。
- Since the mid Edo period, more and more, jiuta, so-kyoku, and kokyu-gaku tended to share the same songs for ensemble while each maintaining their own songs.
- しかし、こうした武力行使が一揆なのではなく、これを行使する「盟約に基づく政治的共同体」そのものが一揆なのである。
- A 'political community based on a league' that uses the armed forces constitutes ikki.
- 『中山東下記』『中山伝記』といった小説(共に事件よりあまり隔たらない時期の成立と見られる)が密かに書かれている。
- Novels such as 'Nakayama Togeki' and 'Nakayama Denki' (Nakayama biography) were written in secret - both not long after the actual incident.
- 『栄花物語』によれば、頼通の父藤原道長は、両親共に皇族の高貴な隆姫との縁談を「男は妻がらなり」と歓迎したという。
- According to 'Eiga monogatari' (A Tale of Flowering Fortunes), FUJIWARA no Michinaga, Yorimichi's father, was pleased with his son's marriage with Takahime, whose parents were Imperial Family, saying 'The future of a man depends on his wife.'
- 社背の境内山林に隣接する畝傍及び長山部落の共同墓地、境内以西、畝傍山御料林以南、東南部深田池東側民家などを買収。
- Unebi adjacent to forests of precincts in the back of the shrine, public cemetery in Nagayama buraku, the land to the west of precincts, the land to the south of Imperial forest of Mt. Unebi, and houses in the east of Tonanbu Fukada-ike Pond were purchased by Nara Prefecture.
- 斎藤妙椿は越前国の朝倉孝景 (7代当主)と共にこの時代に守護代が守護の力を凌いだ事例(下克上)として有名である。
- Myochin SAITO's case in this period as well as the case of Takakage ASAKURA (the 7th head of the Asakura family) in Echizen Province are famous as good examples of Gekokujo (an inverted social order when the lowly reigned over the elite) when the power of Shugodai (deputy provincial constable) exceeded that of Shugo (provincial constable).
- これを見た高麗に反乱を起していた三別抄から、共同で元に対抗する軍事的援助を求める使者が来訪したがこれも黙殺した。
- In response to it, Sambyeolcho, which had risen in a rebellion against Goryeo, sent envoys to Japan to ask for military support and cooperation to fight against the Yuan Dynasty, but it was also ignored.
- 1998年12月、「古都奈良の文化財」として東大寺などと共に世界文化遺産に登録された(考古遺跡としては日本初)。
- In December, 1998, Heijo-kyu Palace was registered as one of the World Heritage under the name of 'Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara' together with Todai-ji Temple (the first registered ancient remains in Japan).
- ただし夫婦同籍の原則があるため、分家者の妻と、直系卑属が新たな家に入るときの妻はかならず共に移動することになる。
- Because there is a principle that a husband and a wife must be on the same household register, a wife of a head of a branch family and also a wife of a lineal descendant must be registered on the new household register with their husband.
- 真備の方は、天平7年(735年)に帰国し、天平勝宝4年(752年)に再度入唐しており、鑑真らと共に帰国している。
- Makibi returned to Japan in 735, and went back to Tang again in 752, before again returning to Japan with Ganjin (Jianzhen) and other people.
- 同時代の君主国憲法の多くが、立法権を君主と国会が共有する権能としていたことと比すると特異な立法例であると言える。
- Given that many of the other monarchial constitutions of the same period defined that a monarch and a government should share legislative power, it could be said that the Japanese constitution was a rare case.
- 井上清 (歴史家)、藤谷俊雄ら研究所の多数派を占めていた共産党系理事らは朝田・奈良本の間でなされた合意を覆した。
- The Japanese Communist Party related executives including Kiyoshi INOUE (a historian) and Toshio FUJITANI, who accounted for the majority of the Institute reversed the agreement between Asada and Naramoto.
- 鉄砲の伝来と共に戦場では使われなくなった武術の薙刀術のうち女薙刀が、明治末から大正にかけて女子の武道として発展。
- With a harquebus introduced in Japan, naginata wielding techniques became rarely used on the battlefield, but from the last days of the Meiji period to the Taisho period, they were partially revived as a martial art for women, and this was called 'onna naginata' (women's naginata).
- 抽出時間を長くとりすぎたり、湯の温度が高すぎたりすると、味が悪くなる(これはある程度どの緑茶でも共通している)。
- If it takes too much time for brewing or the temperature of the hot water is too high, it will have a bad taste (which is common in any tea to some extent).
- また、ある種の食品を酒と共に味わうことで、酒・肴ともにその味を引き立てあって1+1が3にも4にもなる場合がある。
- Furthermore, there are cases where enjoying alcoholic drinks with certain dishes will have a 'one plus one equals three or four' effect since drinks and sakana complement each other.
- これによって「惣組」(上京・下京)-「町組」(「組町」とも)-各町という近世京都の地縁共同体が形成される事になる。
- As a result of this, an early modern period Kyoto consisting a territorially-connected community of 'Sogumi' (Kamikyo and Shimokyo), 'Machigumi' (also known as kunimachi) and each 'machi' (town) came to be formed.
- 舞鶴市には国立病院機構・舞鶴医療センター、市立舞鶴市民病院、舞鶴赤十字病院、舞鶴共済病院と大型総合病院が4つある。
- In Maizuru City, there are 4 large general hospitals such as National Hospital Organization Maizuru Medical Center, Maizuru Municipal Hospital, Maizuru Red Cross Hospital and Maizuru Kyosai Hospital.
- 公共交通が不便な代わり道路の便は良い方なので、自動車に乗って周辺地域の大型店を利用するスタイルが定着している模様。
- Due to the lack of efficient public transportation, driving to large shopping centers in surrounding areas has become the norm as a result of well developed road service.
- 園部町(そのべちょう)は、2005年12月31日まで京都府の中央部に存在した地方公共団体で、園部城の城下町である。
- Sonobe-cho is a municipality which existed in the central part of Kyoto Prefecture until December 31, 2005, and is a castle town of Sonobe-jo Castle.
- その後、戦国時代 (日本)まで百年近くに亘って一揆勢が共和国的な体制を維持していた最大にして唯一の成功例と言える。
- Thereafter, the powers maintained their republican regime over 100 years until the (Japanese) Sengoku period and this is the biggest and only excellent example of ikki.
- 室町時代末期、日朝・日明貿易の実権が大名に移り、力を蓄えさせたと共に、室町幕府の支配の正当性が薄れる結果になった。
- Towards the end of the Muromachi period, the real power of the trade between Japan and Korea and that between Japan and the Ming moved to daimyo, making daimyo gain power and making weaker the validity of the control by the Muromachi bakufu.
- 武田観柳斎率いる新選組隊士15名と、前日より応援として派遣されていた会津藩士20名のうち5名が共に捕縛に向かった。
- Fifteen members of Shinsengumi led by Kanryusai TAKEDA and five out of twenty retainers of Aizu clan who had been dispatched the day before for supporting Shinsengumi went to arrest the masterless samurai.
- 延文5年/正平 (日本)15年(1360年)4月、赤松氏範らと共に、南朝の本拠である賀名生行宮を突然焼き討ちした。
- In April 1360, all of a sudden, he burnt down Ano angu, the base of the Southern Court, together with Ujinori AKAMATSU and others.
- 平氏の祖で、幼少から俊秀として知られており、798年(延暦17年)、異母兄弟の大伴皇子(後の淳和天皇)と共に元服。
- Known since childhood as a person of genius, Imperial Prince Kazurawara, who was also a founder of the Taira clan, celebrated his coming of age along with Prince Otomo (later Emperor Junna), a half-brother by the same father, in 789.
- 大江匡衡の孫に平安時代屈指の学者であると共に河内源氏の源義家(八幡太郎義家)に兵法を教えたとされる大江匡房がいる。
- As a grandson of OE no Masahira, there was OE no Masafusa, who was one of the best acedemia in the Heian Period and reportedly taught the art of warfare to MINAMOTO no Yoshiie (Hachimantaro Yoshiie) of Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan).
- 義貞の戦死後、三男新田義宗が家督を継ぎ、異母兄の新田義興と共に足利家の内乱である観応の擾乱に乗じて各地を転戦する。
- After the death of Yoshisada in the battle, his third son, Yoshimune NITTA succeeded to the family estate, and fought battles in various places jointly with his older paternal half-brother, Yoshioki NITTA under cover of the Kanno Disturbance, a domestic conflict of the Ashikaga clan.
- なお、この時代に大映は、東光徳間(徳間書店東光徳間事業本部)と共同で中国映画・韓国映画の配給・提供なども手掛けた。
- During this period, Daiei had been involved in the distribution of Chinese and Korean films in conjunction with Toko Tokuma (the Toko Tokuma business division of Tokuma Shoten).
- 欧米列強が植民地戦争を繰り広げていた明治時代初期に、「富国強兵」と共に政府が実行した政策の根幹となった思想である。
- At the end of the 19th century, when the allied western powers were fighting colonial wars one another, the Japanese government carried out a new policy based on this thought with a slogan 'Fukoku kyohei' (fortifying the country, strengthening the military).
- 終戦後は、日本は当初唱えていた満洲に於ける列国の機会均等の原則を翻し、日露が共同して利権を分け合うことを画策した。
- After the war, Japan reversed its original stance to seek equality among the great powers when it concerns Manchuria, and planned to share rights equally with Russia.
- 佐武伊賀守は的場源四郎と共に小雑賀の城に籠城し、三十二日間にわたって守り抜き、太田城開城後に続いて開城したという。
- It is said that Iganokami SATAKE held a castle of Kozaika with Genshiro MATOBA, and continued to guard it for 32 days, finally surrendering after the surrender of Ota-jo Castle.
- 跡を継いだ三沢為清は大内氏に従属したが、月山富田城の戦いで吉川氏らと共に尼子氏に寝返り、大内軍敗退の一因を作った。
- Tamekiyo MISAWA, a successor of Tameyuki MISAWA, was subordinate to the Ouchi clan, but, in the Battle of Gassan Todajo Castle, the Misawa and Yoshikawa clans jointly defected to the enemy, the Amago clan, and contributed to the defeat of Ouchi.
- 唐琵琶は、清代に民間で流行した琵琶で、その楽曲(清楽)や月琴等多数の楽器と共に文政年間頃日本に伝わったものである。
- The To biwa was a biwa that became popular among people in the Qing Dynasty and was introduced into Japan around the Bunsei era along with its music, Qing-era Chinese music (popularized in Japan during the early 19th century), and gekkin and other many instruments.
- その後、水藤錦穣と同じく錦心流から出た鶴田錦史が五弦五柱をさらに改良すると共に、音楽的にも新しい分野へ飛躍させた。
- After that, Kinshi TSURUTA who also came from the Kinshin-ryu, same as Kinjo SUITO, added refinements to the five-string five-fret biwa and made a leap forward into a new musical field.
- 辣子鶏(ラーズージー)は、若鶏の唐揚げとともに、赤唐辛子を素揚げにして、刻んで塩と共に振りかけた四川料理のひとつ。
- Razuji is an example of Szechuan cuisine which is prepared by spreading, together with salt, fried chopped red pepper on fried spring chicken.
- いくつかの竹管には屏上(びょうじょう)と呼ばれる長方形の穴があり、共鳴管としての管長は全長ではなくこの穴で決まる。
- There are rectangular holes called byojo on several of the bamboo tubes, and their lengths as resonant tubes are determined by the locations of this holes, not by the entire length of the bamboo tubes.
- 比叡山の別称である天台山、ならびに四明岳の名称は、天台宗ゆかりの霊山である中華人民共和国の天台山、四明山に由来する。
- Mt. Hiei gets its alternate names, Mt. Tendai and Shimeigatake, from Mt. Tiantai and Mt. Siming, sacred mountains in the People's Republic of China that have associations with the Tendai Sect.
- さらに信長と通じる大友氏や龍造寺氏らの反攻を受けて苦境に立たされていた島津氏が、朝廷の公家らと共謀していたという説。
- View that the Shimazu clan, that had been in a predicament because of counteroffensive activities by the Otomo clan and the Ryuzoji clan connected with Nobunaga, plotted with nobles in the Imperial Court.
- 天平勝宝6年(754年)、唐僧鑑真が来日し皇后や天皇と共に会ったが、同時期に長く病気を患っていた母の宮子と死別する。
- In 754, a priest of Tang, Jianzhen, came to Japan and met the Empress and the Emperor and around the same time, the Emperor lost her mother Miyako who had suffered from the disease for a long time.
- 甲斐荘敬司 株式会社ジャパンエナジー精製技術センター主任研究員、共著「白色LED照明システム技術の応用と将来展望」。
- Keiji KAINOSHO, a senior researcher of Japan Energy Co. and a co-author of the book 'Hakushoku LED Shome system Gijutsu no Oyo to Shorai Tenbo (The Application of the White LED Lighting System Technology and its Future Prospects).'
- 事績に不明な点が多く、686年(朱鳥元年)8月に志貴皇子と共に封200戸を加えられたが、以後の消息は分かっていない。
- Most of his achievements are unknown, and his life after he and Shiki no miko (the Prince Shiki [志貴]) were granted 200 households of fuko (residential units [ko] assigned as fiefs [fu] to support top-ranking officials, temples, shrines, and royal households such as those of the queen-consort and crown prince) in 686 is unknown.
- それに加え、文相尾崎行雄の共和演説事件による罷免をめぐり後任人事が両者間で紛糾し、星らによる憲政党の分裂騒ぎに発展。
- In addition, dismissal of Yukio OZAKI, the Minister of Education, triggered by the Kyowa enzetsu affair brought an entanglement of replacement that escalated into division of the Constitutional Party by HOSHI
- 注2)欧州連合:EU加盟のうち旧15ヵ国(2004.5拡大前)は、EUバブルとして共同で-8%の削減約束を負っている
- Note 2) European Union: among EU membership, old 15 countries (before the expansion in May 2004) owe -8% reduction target collaboratively as EU bubble.
- 一般的に、1つの集落では同時期に同じ農作業が重なってしまうため、効率の悪い「小型」の方が集落全体での共有化が難しい。
- Generally, 'small' machines, which are less effective, are more difficult to share because every farmer in a village starts the same farm operation at the same time.
- また卑弥呼には弟がおり人々に託宣を伝える役を担っていたが、アマテラスにも弟スサノオがおり共通点が見出せるとしている。
- Another commonality is Himiko's younger brother, who played the role of delivering a divine message, much like Amaterasu's younger brother, Susanoo.
- 荒木村重の説得を約束していた荒木久左衛門は織田信長に顔向け出来ないと思ったのか、300兵共々姿をくらましてしまった。
- Kyuzaemon ARAKI who promised to convince Murashige ARAKI, perhaps feeling that he could not face Nobunaga ODA, disappeared into thin air together with 300 soldiers.
- 和歌山県の那智勝浦と、千葉県の勝浦において、地名のみならず食文化においても多くの共通性がみられるのはその一例である。
- For example, Nachikatsuura in Wakayama Prefecture and Katsuura in Chiba Prefecture have many things in common, such as place names and culinary culture.
- しかし、柔術には嘉納治五郎が柔術を『徒手もしくは小型の武器を持つ武術』と定義したように、その程度しか共通理念はない。
- However, jujutsu is a martial art with no (or a small) weapon, as Jigoro KANO defined, and this definition describes the minimum common factor of all jujutsu-related martial arts.
- なお、2005年(平成17年)に、共同通信社と全国地方新聞社連合会が企画・編集した「港50選」のひとつに選ばれている。
- For reference, it was selected as one of the 'Best Fifty Ports,' planned and compiled by Kyodo News and Federation of Local Newspaper Companies in 2005.
- 一揆(いっき)とは、日本において何らかの理由により心を共にした共同体が心と行動を一つにして目的を達成しようとすること。
- The term 'ikki' refers to an attempt made by a community in Japan to achieve an objective when members of the community that share the same sentiment work closely together for a certain reason.
- その後、太閤検地により、土地には直接の耕作者の権利しか認められなくなり、以前までの重層的支配構造は名実共に解消された。
- After that, based on the Taiko kenchi, only new cultivator's rights became effective, resulting in the disappearance of the old multilayered land governance structure in both reality and in name.
- 安康天皇3年(456年)に父の市辺押磐皇子が雄略天皇に殺されると、弟の弘計王(後の顕宗天皇)と共に逃亡して身を隠した。
- After his father Ichinohe no oshiha no miko was murdered by Emperor Yuryaku, Oke no miko (written as '億計王' in Japanese, who was the future Emperor Ninken) and his younger brother Oke no mikoto (written as '弘計王' in Japanese, who was the future Emperor Kenzo) escaped and hid together.
- しかし、共に短命の藩主が多く、1799年に尾張德川家、その1801年には高須松平家で、義直の男系子孫は断絶してしまう。
- However, many of the family heads of both the Owari Tokugawa and Takasu Matsudaira families were short-lived; therefore, Yoshinao's direct male descendants died out in the Owari Tokugawa family in 1799, and in the Takasu Matsudaira family in 1801.
- 朱雀(すざく・しゅじゃく、ピンイン)とは、中華人民共和国の伝説上の神獣(神鳥)で、四神(四獣・四象)・五行思想の一つ。
- Suzaku (also known as Shujaku, or in Pinyin) is one of the legendary divine beasts (God Bird) of the People's Republic of China, and is one of the four gods (also known as the Four Beasts or the Four Phenomena) who rule over the four directions; it is also important in the Five Elements Theory.
- 江戸時代までとの大きな違いは国司を廃止したことであり、国司廃止によって名実共に行政的な地理区分ではなくなってしまった。
- The big difference in Meiji period from the time until Edo period, was the abolition of provincial governors with which Ryosei province system finished its function of administrative geographical division namely and actually.
- また、京都メカニズム(クリーン開発メカニズム、排出権取引(ET)、共同実施(JI))や、吸収源活動が盛り込まれている。
- Also, Kyoto Mechanism (Clean Development Mechanism, Emissions Trading (ET), Joint Implementation (JT)) and activities for sinks are included.
- それらに対抗する為の軍事的共同形態的な結び付きが強く、目的が達成される、あるいは脅威が去った際には国一揆は解体される。
- Alliances made in an uprising were tight-knit like a military partnership aiming at countering the interference, and they dissolved when the goal was achieved or when the threat disappeared.
- 続く慶応3年(1867年)の大政奉還により伝統的な弓術文化は幕藩体制・武士社会の崩壊と共に大きく衰退を余儀なくされた。
- Then, with the Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor) in 1867, traditional Kyujutsu culture was forced into a decline when the feudal system characteristic of the shogunate and samurai society collapsed.
- これも「知恵」が単純に文化秩序を象徴するわけではないことを物語っている、と共立女子短期大学講師・猪股ときわは分析する。
- Tokiwa INOMATA, a lecturer at Kyoritsu Women's Junior College, analyzes that this implies that a 'clever mind' does not simply represent cultural order.
- 熨斗袋の水引がくずれたり袋が皺になることを防ぐ事や先方の心中や祭礼を重んじ、喜びや悲しみを共にする気持ちを表している。
- A fukusa prevents damage to mizuhiki (decorative Japanese cord made from twisted paper) of a noshi envelope or prevents the envelope from wrinkling, and shows respect for the receiver's feeling and ritual events as well as empathy to share joy and sadness.
- 民俗学的な見地からは、門松や注連飾りによって出迎えた歳神を、それらを焼くことによって炎と共に見送る意味があるとされる。
- From an ethnographic standpoint, burning Kadomatsu or Shimekazari, which were displayed to welcome the year god, signifies seeing off the toshigami (God of the Year) with this fire.
- 今井町は称念寺を中心に発展した寺内町であったが、織田信長に武装解除されてから後は、堺と共に自治都市として幕末まで栄えた。
- Imai Town had developed as a jinai-cho around the Shonen-ji Temple, but after Nobunaga ODA disarmed the town, it enjoyed prosperity as an autonomous city, along with Sakai, until the end of the Edo period.
- 伊勢神宮などの大寺社では御師(おんし)と呼ばれるツーリストが誕生し、宿坊と共にそれぞれの担当地域の巡礼者を案内していた。
- At large shrines and temples such as the Ise-jingu Shrine, tourists called 'onshi' appeared and together with temple lodgings, they helped pilgrims find their way within their area.
- 室町時代には山名氏のもとで伯耆衆の一員になり応仁の乱に参加、その功によって進美濃守は南条氏と共に伯耆守護代に任じられた。
- In the Muromachi period, the Shin clan supported the Yamana clan and became a member of Hokishu (the local clans of Hoki Province); at the Onin War, they fought as Hokishu and made achievements, and as a result, they were appointed as Shugodai (deputy of Military Governor) of Hoki Province as well as the Nanjo clan.
- 米騒動の報道に際し、各種新聞は民衆の行動を好意的に報じると共に、根本的な原因は民衆の要求を無視し続けた政府にあるとした。
- Regarding press report of rice riots, each newspaper reported the people's behavior positively and also that the underlying cause was the government since they had continued to ignore people's demands.
- また、5月9日、一ノ瀬の鵬翼隊三番中隊は官軍の襲来に苦戦しつつも材木村まで到達し、材木村の薩軍と共に塁の奪還に成功した。
- On May 9, the 3rd company of the Hoyoku-tai troop at Ichinose reached Zaimoku Village through a bitter fight against a raid by the government army, and succeeded in regaining the fort in cooperation with the Satsuma army in Zaimoku Village.
- 最終的には太閤検地により、土地には直接の耕作者の権利しか認められなくなり、以前までの重層的支配構造は名実共に解消された。
- Eventually, by taiko kenchi (the cadastral surveys conducted by Hideyoshi), only the right of direct cultivator was admitted to the land, and the previous stratified ruling structure disappeared both in name and reality.
- しかしながら、その注釈には内容的に見て間違ったものも含まれており、伝承が時代と共に劣化していった様子もまたうかがわれる。
- However, some of these notes are incorrect, indicating that the oral tradition deteriorated with the passing of time.
- 大和武士である平田党(当麻氏、布施氏、岡氏、万歳氏 等:当麻氏・布施氏は争いながら共に高田氏とも称した)の母体となった。
- It became the heartland of the Hirata clique (including the Taima, Fuse, Oka, and Manzai clans; while they were in conflict, both the Toma and Fuse clans also called themselves the Takada clan) of Yamato bushi (samurai of Yamato Province).
- また織田氏との戦いでは敵対した宮郷などとも関係を修復し、ここに根来・雑賀が共同で羽柴秀吉に対抗するという構図が生まれた。
- In addition, it restored the relationship with the opposing groups such as miyago in the battle with the Oda clan, which led to the pattern that Negoro and Saiga cooperated to oppose Hideyoshi HASHIBA.
- 京都府連執行部内で多数派を形成していた三木一平副委員長、塚本景之書記長ら共産党グループは、朝田の批判を快く思わなかった。
- The Japanese Communist Party faction, including Ippei MIKI, a vice-chairman, and Kageyuki TSUKAMOTO, a general secretary, who accounted for the majority of the Kyoto Federation executives, were offended at Asada's criticisms.
- しかし、可成の部下である各務元正らが城兵と共に強硬に抵抗し、24日に信長が大津市が救援に現れるまでついに落城しなかった。
- However, Motomasa KAGAMI, Yoshinari's subordinate, and others strongly fought back along with the castle garrison, and tenaciously held out until Nobunaga arrived in Otsu City to help them on the November 2.
- 時代の変遷と共に、伝統的な的屋の非日常(ハレ)の場独特の雰囲気を演出する技量を持つ者も少なくなり、懐かしむ声も聞かれる。
- As time has passed, the number of people with the skill to bring out the special traditional atmosphere (hare) of tekiya has decreased, leading some people to yearn for them.
- 本部は京都の武徳殿から東京の厚生省内に移転、こうして政府5省が共管する政府の外郭団体として新たな大日本武徳会が発足する。
- The headquarters operation was transferred from the Butokuden in Kyoto to the Ministry of Health and Welfare in Tokyo, and thus a new Dai Nippon Butoku Kai was established as an extra-departmental organization of the government, co-managed by five government ministries.
- 現在では公共の社会基盤を受益する共同の人々または公共事業により建設(建築と土木を併せ建設という)および修繕、維持する事。
- Today, fushin refers to the construction (建設) (including building and engineering), repair, and maintenance of public infrastructure with the assistance of community residents who will benefit from it and other public works projects.
- これは、陶器の浅い鍋でまず鴨肉を焼き(鴨自体から脂がでるため油を引く必要は無い)、野菜と共に割り下で食べるというものだ。
- This is prepared, first, by pan-frying duck meat in a shallow pot made of earthware (because the duck itself contains fat, there is no need to use any cooking oil), and then cooking it with vegetables in stock mixed with soy sauce, sweet sake and sugar.
- 共通語ではしばしば「あ」を高く読む頭高型で発音されるが、地元でのアクセントは「あづち」とすべての音を高く読む平板型である。
- Although Azuchi Town is often pronounced with a high falling intonation in the Japanese common language, it is pronounced without inflection in the local language.
- 自家用車利用は高速道路・一般道路利用共に市内とその周辺を含めて渋滞が慢性化しており、特に観光シーズンとなると更に悪化する。
- As for the use of private cars, the traffic on local roads and highways in and around the city is always heavy, and the traffic gets even worse during the tourist season.
- 憲法発布当初その1年後に帝国議会が開会し、大正デモクラシー以後の政党政治の確立によって、日本は名実共に立憲君主国となった。
- One year after the proclamation of the constitution, the Imperial Diet session was opened, and Japan became a constitutional monarchy both in name and reality through the establishment of the party government in and after the Taisho Democracy.
- 上野国府で新皇を僭称した将門の下、時の主宰者となった興世王は藤原玄茂と共に独自に除目を発令し、自らは上総国介に任命される。
- Under Masakado, who named himself the new emperor at the Kozuke provincial office, Prince Okiyo, who became the most influential person at that time, issued the Jimoku (ceremony for appointment of officials) in his own right with FUJIWARA no Harumochi, being appointed as the Assistant Governor of Kazusa Province.
- その功により播磨1国の守護に任じられると共に、室町幕府では京極氏・一色氏・山名氏と並ぶ四職のひとつとなって幕政に参画した。
- For these distinguished services, the Akamatsu clan was appointed to Shugo (constable) of the Harima Province, and also raised to one of the four distinguished posts, comparable to those of the Kyogoku clan, the Isshiki clan, and the Yamana clan to participate in the shogunate administration in the Muromachi bakufu.
- このときに当り、改めて、御父昭和天皇の六十余年にわたる御在位の間、いかなるときも、国民と苦楽を共にされた御心を心とします。
- At this moment, I am reminded of the will of my father Emperor Showa who always shared joys and sorrows with Japanese people during little more than 60 year of his reign.
- 蕎麦売りは客に請われると担いだ屋台を降ろし、行灯の明かりで椀に蕎麦玉を入れつゆをいれて箸と共に客に渡し、客は立ち食いした。
- When asked by a customer, Soba vendors took the pole off their shoulders, and then, put soba in a bowl and poured broth in it and handed it to a customer with chopsticks, and customers ate standing.
- 妻というよりむしろ母代わりに近い后ながら、共に聡明で文雅を愛した天皇との仲は睦まじかったようで、白河上皇からも重んじられた。
- Being an empress as a mother rather than a wife, she seemed to lead a happy marriage life with the emperor as both were clever and loved art, and she was also highly esteemed by the Retired Emperor Shirakawa.
- 本来町や村は、共同体を維持するため、よそ者や乞食を排除する目的で番人を雇っていたが、非人はこの役を務めた(番非人、非人番)。
- Essentially towns and villages employed guards due to eliminating outsiders or beggars to maintain the community, but Hinin served as the role (Ban-Hinin, Hinin-ban).
- 明朝の政治・思想に多大な影響を与えた陽明学であったが、その明朝と共に衰退し、清朝では考証学に学問の主役の座を奪われるに至る。
- Yomeigaku deeply influenced politics and thought during the Ming Dynasty; it then declined with the Ming Dynasty and during the Qing Dynasty, Kosho-gaku replaced Yomeigaku as the main school of the academic thought.
- そして1864年5月2日(元治元年3月27日 (旧暦))、筑波山に集結した62人の同志たちと共に気勢を上げ、遂に挙兵に至る。
- On May 2, 1864, they finally raised an army with the 62 followers who gathered at the Mt. Tsukuba.
- 1894年 前年にハワイ王朝が事実上廃止となり、この年からハワイ共和国が樹立された影響で、官約移民そのものが無効となり廃止。
- In 1894, the Republic of Hawaii was established following the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii in the previous year, so government sponsored immigration became invalid and was abolished.
- 史実においては、真備と仲麻呂は、養老元年(717年)に共に入唐するも、仲麻呂は唐に残留し、宝亀元年(770年)に唐で没する。
- As a historical fact, Makibi and Nakamaro got into Tang together in 717, but only Nakamaro stayed behind in Tang and passed away there in 770.
- アミの塩辛は、日本の有明海沿岸、中華人民共和国、香港の長洲島、マカオ、韓国など東アジア各地で作られ、調味料として使用される。
- The salted mysid shrimp is produced and used as seasonong in many areas in East Asia such as the Sea of Ariake Coasts (Japan), People's Republic of China, Cheung Chan Island (Hong Kong), Macau and South Korea.
- 農林水産業などが基幹産業である地域で自治や公共事業として灌漑用水路や溜池、林道や筏場、港湾や防波堤などの普請が行われてきた。
- In areas where the key industries were agriculture, forestry, and fishing, various forms of fushin were executed through public works projects by the local government, such as fushin for constructing irrigation canals, ponds, logging roads, rafting routes, harbors and breakwaters.
- 朝鮮民主主義人民共和国での黄砂の実態は、同国に関する情報が対外的にほとんど発表されていないため、あまり詳細にはわかっていない。
- The reality of Kosa in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) is little known, because almost all of the information about the nation is not announced externally.
- それは、身分の低い、例えば同朋衆が、連歌や闘茶などの遊びの際に同席して、同じ空間を共有できる場として、会所があったからである。
- It was because Kaisho was a place where people of lower status, such as Doboshu, could attend the games of renga and Tocha (Tea Gambling where the player had to guess the tea brand) and share the same space.
- 後白河は平氏と行動を共にせず、京に残って孫の後鳥羽天皇を即位させたが、これにより天皇が2人存在するという未曾有の事態となった。
- Goshirakawa did not act together with the Taira clan, but stayed in Kyoto and made his grandson Emperor Gotoba, leading to the unprecedented situation of two Emperors at the same time.
- また、英俊(興福寺僧侶)による『多聞院日記』などでは、政策の主目的が一揆(盟約による政治共同体)の防止であったと記されている。
- It was recorded in some documents such as 'Tamonin Nikki' (Diary of Tamonin) written by Eishun (a monk in the Kofuku-ji Temple) and the like that the primary objective of the katanagari policy was preventing ikki (political community based on a league).
- それはこれらの三国が古墳時代以来朝鮮半島の国々を経て日本に伝播してきた漢字、儒教、仏教、律令制などの文化を共有したことによる。
- This is partly because the three countries have shared cultures, including kanji (Chinese characters), Confucianism, Buddhism, the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), which had been introduced into Japan through countries on the Korean Peninsula since the Kofun period (tumulus period).
- これは日英同盟の解消や軍縮の要求などにつながり、黄禍論の高まりと共に、後の第二次世界大戦を引き起こす日米対立の第一歩となった。
- This situation led to the termination of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, demands for arms reduction, along with a rise in anti-immigration sentiments reflected in popular hysteria over the 'Yellow Peril,' which set the stage for a series of confrontations between Japan and the United States that would lead to the Second World War.
- 油揚げを使った料理は信太・信田(発音は共にしのだ)と関西地方などで呼ばれるが、これは「葛の葉」という伝説にちなんだものである。
- Any dish that uses aburaage as an ingredient is called 'shinoda' in the Kansai region, referring to the legend of a fox that lived in the Shinoda Forest according to the folk story, 'Kuzunoha.'
- それまで峻別されていた「酒を飲む場・時・人」と「酒を飲まない場・時・人」が境界線を溶かされることで共存し始めたといってもよい。
- It can be said that the conventional border between 'the place, time and person for drinking' and 'the place, time and person for no drinking' began to melt and coexist.
- 近年では朝鮮民主主義人民共和国の工作船事件などで軍事上の重要度が高まり、舞鶴飛行場が建設され舞鶴航空隊や特別警備隊が配備された。
- In recent years, its military importance is increasing due to incidences involving North Korean covert-operation boats; therefore the Maizuru Air Port was built to deploy the Maizuru Fleet Air Force and the Special Boarding Unit
- しかしながら、中国が情報提供を開始したことなどを受けて2008年春から、東アジアの広範囲で多くのデータを共有できるようになった。
- However, because China started providing information concerned, lots of data in a wide eastern Asia area has been able to be shared since the spring of 2008.
- しかし、都の衰退と共に、仏教寺院や学識僧が徐々にその担い手として台頭し、その中でも鎌倉五山を中心とした五山文学はその代表である。
- However, with the decline of the capital, Buddhist temples and learned priests came to be responsible for those studies; the most representative of them was Gozan Bungaku (Literature of the Five Official Temples), the center of which was Kamakura Gozan Temple.
- なお、明保野亭は現在も東山区清水三年坂(産寧坂)に石碑と共に店舗が現存するが、当時は現在よりもやや北東位置にあったとされている。
- Akebonotei still runs businesses, and a stone monument stands by it in Sannen-zaka Slope (or Sannei-zaka Slope), Kiyomizu, Higashiyama Ward, however, the original site is said to be been located slightly northeast of the current location.
- 中世の武家社会において、主君は家臣にとって必ずしも絶対的な存在ではなく、主君と家臣団は相互に依存・協力しあう運命共同体であった。
- In the samurai society of the medieval period, the existence and position of a lord was not necessarily guaranteed or absolute to his retainers; instead, lords and their group of retainers had a shared fate, and their relationship was one of mutual cooperation.
- 生まれた頃から歯が生え揃っていた、巨体であったなど周囲から恐れられ、鬼と化した後は酒呑童子と出会い舎弟となり、共に京を目指した。
- Legend has it that his most fearsome characteristics included having all his teeth at birth and being of enormous size, which struck fear into the hearts of all his neighbors; after transforming into an oni, he encountered Shuten Doji and became his underling, and then together they plotted to terrorize the capital (Kyoto).
- また入江土佐守(信定)の子・政俊は越前国の柴田氏に仕え、若狭守と称し越前丸岡城にあったが、柴田勝家と共に北庄城で滅んでしまった。
- Then, Irie Tosanokami guard (Nobusada)'s son Masatoshi served the Shibata clan in Echizen-no-kuni, called himself the Wakasamori guard; he was stationed in Echizen-Maruoka-jo Castle but died in Hokujo-jo Castle together with Katsuie SHIBATA.
- また、北部九州や近畿地方などの西日本では、水稲農耕の定着した時期の弥生時代前期末段階で、ムラづくりが共通していたとも考えられる。
- Village constructions were probably common by the end of Early Yayoi period in regions such as northern Kyushu and Kinki, where wet-rice cultivation had been established by that time.
- 日本の律令制については、天皇による独断的な政治体制とする見解と、畿内の貴族らによる貴族共和的な政治体制とする見解が対立していた。
- There were two opposing opinions about the Japanese Ritsuryo system; one that it was a political system led arbitrarily by the emperor and the other that it was a republican political system for the nobles led by the nobles in the Kinai region.
- 週刊『平民新聞』第53号(1904年11月13日)には、新聞創刊1周年の記念として、堺と幸徳の共訳で『共産党宣言』が訳載された。
- In the 53rd issue of the weekly 'Heimin-shinbun' (November 13,1904) the 'Communist Party Declaration' was translated and published by SAKAI and KOTOKU as the first anniversary after the first issue.
- かつては「勝負なき日と知るべし」といわれ、勝負事で何事も引分けになる日、つまり「共引」とされており、現在のような意味はなかった。
- Once it was said that 'the day should be known to end in a stalemate,' and was said to be the day when all the games end in a draw, that is, 'tomobiki' (both sides end in a draw) and it did not have the present-day meaning.
- 高野山は真言宗の本山として延暦寺と並ぶ信仰の中心であると共に、全国に散在する寺領の合計は17万石に達する紀伊の一大勢力であった。
- The Koyasan Temple was the center of belief as the head temple of the Shingon sect as well as the Enryaku-ji Temple and a big power in the Kii Province which had 170,000 koku (approximately 30.6 million liters of crop yield) of scattered jiryo (temple estate) all over the country.
- その長大化に歯止めをかけるべく、安政3年に講武所では「撓は柄共総長サ尺貫法ニて三尺八寸より長きは不相成」と3尺8寸までと決めた。
- To regulate the increasing lengths of shinai, the Kobusho (a military academy set up by the Edo Shogunate) declared in 1856 that, 'shinai longer than 3 jaku 8 sun (about 95cm) are not acceptable' and this became the set length.
- 公共交通機関:近畿日本鉄道大和上市駅から奈良交通バスで湯盛り温泉杉の湯行きで「湯盛温泉杉の湯」で乗換え、入之波泉行き終点下車すぐ。
- Public transportation: take a bus of Nara Kotsu Bus which is bound for Yumori Onsen Sugi no Yu, at Yamato-Kamiichi Station of the Kinki Nippon Railway Company, get off the bus at `Yumori Onsen Sugi no Yu (Cedar Hot Spring)' to transfer to a bus bound for Shionoha Onsen Hot Spring, and get off the bus at the last stop, which is close to Shionoha Onsen Hot Spring.
- 公共交通機関でのアクセスは通常はないが、夏季等繁雑期のみフェリー発着時間に合わせて東舞鶴駅より路線バスの運行が行われることがある。
- Usually it is not accessible by public transportation but a local bus service may be available from Higashi-Maizuru Station in response to the arrival and departure times on occasions when many visitors can be expected, for example in summer.
- 昭和30年代から40年代にかけてお茶屋150軒、芸妓、舞妓合わせて600人を数えたが、時代の流れと共に花街の規模は縮小していった。
- From the late 1950's to the early 1960's, Gion Kobu boasted 150 teahouses and more than 600 geisha and apprentice geisha in total; yet Gion Kobu has reduced the scale of the hanamachi as time has gone by.
- またはそのために盟約、契約を結んで、政治的共同体を結成した集団及び、これを基盤とした既成の支配体制に対する武力行使を含む抵抗運動。
- 'Ikki' can also refer to a group of people that form a political community by entering into an alliance or a contract to achieve an objective and to a resistance movement (which may employ armed force) formed by a group in opposition to the established government.
- 道長・倫子夫妻の末娘で、三后を占めた姉たちと共に東宮妃として、またいずれは国母として輝かしい将来を約束されていたはずの嬉子だった。
- Being the youngest daughter of the couple of Michinaga and Rinshi, Kishi's future should have been promising, along with her elder sisters who ultimately became Sango (Grand Empress dowager, Empress Dowager and Empress), as the Crown Princess and soon or later as the Empress.
- なお一時期、青森県の公共団体が、偽書『東日流外三郡誌』の記載に基づき、安東氏の活躍を村おこしに繋げようとする試みをしたことがある。
- In addition, a public organization in Aomori Prefecture once tried to make use of the remarkable history of the Ando clan for a project to promote the economic development of the area, based on an apocrypha 'Tsugaru Sangun-shi' (The history of the three countries in Tsugaru region).
- との報に接した忍熊皇子は、次の皇位が幼い皇子に決まることを恐れ、兄の坂皇子と共謀して、筑紫国から凱旋する皇后軍を迎撃しようとした。
- Since Imperial Prince Oshikuma was afraid the child prince would ascend to the throne as the next Emperor when he knew the death of the Emperor Chuai and the birth of his baby prince (the Emperor Ojin), he conspired with Imperial Prince Kogasaka, his older brother, to attack the Empress army during their retuning trip from Tsukushi Province.
- 成績不振と黒い霧事件 (日本プロ野球)の余波で観客数が伸び悩んでいた東映フライヤーズを東急と共に1972年オフに日拓ホームに売却。
- During the off season in 1972 Toei and Tokyu sold the Toei Flyers to Nittaku Home Corporation because of the poor performance of the baseball team and the fact that the 'Kuroi Kiri Incident,' a game-fixing scandal in professional baseball at that time, made it difficult for the team to attract large audiences.
- 第4代台湾総督の児玉源太郎は、民政長官の後藤新平と共に『財政20年計画』を策定、20年以内に補助金を減額し台湾の財政独立を図った。
- The fourth Governor-General of Taiwan, Gentaro KODAMA, made the twenty year financial plan with the Chief of Home Affairs Shinpei GOTO, aiming at decreasing the grant and making Taiwan financially independent within twenty years.
- 戦国時代 (日本)、伊賀は伊賀守護・仁木氏の傘下に属しながらも、「伊賀惣国一揆」と呼ばれる合議制の強い自治共同体が形成されていた。
- In the Sengoku period, Iga Province formed a self-governing community with a strong council system called 'iga sokoku ikki' while being affiliated to Niki clan, the Iga Shugo.
- 織田信長から豊臣秀吉へという全国統一の流れの中で、納める年貢の量に直結する「升」を量るための枡を全国共通のものにする必要が生じた。
- When unification of the whole country was in process with the power of Nobunaga ODA and then Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, there was the need to standardize the masu used nationwide in common, because the standard of the masu (or sho) affected the amount of nengu (land tax) paid by farmers.
- なお、銅鐸を「鳴らす」段階にあってはこの内面突帯の摩滅を軽減するため、この内面突帯を二本に増やした物が銅鐸の発達と共に増えていく。
- Since creating a rising, belt-like pattern inside a dotaku reduced the abrasion caused when it was rung, the use of two lines forming rising patterns became an increasingly common style as development of the dotaku continued.
- こうして明治維新直後の危機は過ぎ去ったが、やがて各流派はお互いに排他的姿勢を見せるようになり、流派間の交流や共演は消滅していった。
- Thus, the crisis right after Meiji Restoration was over, but each school became increasingly exclusive and the exchanges between schools or joint performances vanished.
- また、台湾国民政府によって、正史としての『清史』(実際は『清史稿』の改訂)が編纂されたが、中華人民共和国政府はこれを認めていない。
- Additionally, the Republic of China government in Taiwan has produced an official history entitled 'History of the Qing' (in fact it is a revised version of the PRC's 'Draft History of the Qing'), but the PRC government refuses to acknowledge this work.
- 1868年(明治元年)に木津川の堤防が決壊したことで、京都府は淀藩との共同事業によって木津川の宇治川との合流点を下流側に付け替えた。
- In 1868, the Kizu-gawa River dikes were washed out and, in cooperation with the Yodo clan, Kyoto Prefecture shifted the confluence where the Kizu-gawa River and the Uji-gawa River met downstream.
- 武士身分を対象とした学校は、江戸幕府直轄の学校と、藩が運営した藩校に大別され、その規模、内容共にこの時代を代表する教育機関であった。
- Schools for samurai status were broadly divided into the schools under the direct control of the Edo bakufu and those run by each han (domain); both were educational institutions representing the period in their scale and content.
- 江戸時代になると幕府に公認された既存の秩序以外の形で、こうした一揆の盟約による政治的共同体を結成すること自体が禁じられるようになる。
- During the Edo period, people were forbidden to form a political community by concluding an ikki in any form other than that which accorded with the existing order that was officially recognized by the shogunate government.
- よって、前段の不改常典は祖母から孫への譲位と共同統治を正当化する法であり、後段の不改常典は食国の法でその継続を願うという文脈である。
- Therefore, Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten mentioned in the former part is the law that justifies the succession of the throne from the grandmother to the grandchild and their shared rule, while Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten mentioned in the latter part are noted as the law of the nation's governance, and is used in a context in which the empress wishes it's effect to continue.
- 皇子は蘇我馬子と物部守屋との合戦の際には崇峻天皇(崇峻天皇)、厩戸皇子(聖徳太子)、難波皇子、春日皇子と共に馬子側について従軍した。
- Takeda no miko joined Umako side at the battle between SOGA no Umako and MONONOBE no Moriya, fought with the Emperor Sushun, the Prince Umayado (Prince Shotoku), the Prince Naniwa and Kasuga no Miko.
- 707年文武天皇大葬の際、舎人親王と共に皇太子聖武天皇(のちの聖武天皇)の補佐を命ぜられ、両親王の内舎人・大舎人・衛士が増員される。
- As he was assigned to support the Crown Prince Shomu (later the Emperor Shomu) with the Imperial Prince Toneri at the imperial funeral of the Emperor Monmu in 707, the number of Central Secretariat officers, Royal attendants and guards of both the imperial princes were increased.
- 政治運動に命をかけるという人物モデルにもなり、自由民権運動の活動家や、明治社会主義者の一部にも「志士」という理想像が共有されていた。
- The term 'Shishi' came to symbolize a person who puts his life towards political activity, such as the activists for Civic Rights, and Meiji Period socialists.
- 発祥は異なるが、「マイクロクレジット」と呼ばれる開発途上国の個人に対する融資も、同様に共同体を基盤にしている点を指摘する論者も居る。
- Some advocates point out that financing in developing countries called 'Microcredit' is also based on a community, though the origin is different.
- 納付方法としては金貨による金建・銀貨による銀建及び必要に応じての両者の混合の場合があり、負担は仲間に入った各構成員が共同で負担した。
- Myoga was paid either in gold coin, silver coin or both if necessary, and the members of kabunakama jointly bore the cost.
- ヤリイカ、ケンサキイカ、スルメイカなどのイカの身を切り開いて、内臓・眼球を取り除き、残しておいた足と共に、竹串を通すなどして広げる。
- Butterfly a squid such as yariika (Loligo bleekeri), kensakiika (Loligo edulis) or surumeika (Tdoradodes pacificus) leaving the tentacles intact, remove entrails and eyes and pierce the body and tentacles together with bamboo skewers so that the body stays flat.
- 武士(ぶし、もののふ)は、10世紀から19世紀にかけての日本に存在し、戦士を本分とするとされた宗家の主人を頂点とした家族共同体の成員。
- Bushi (武士, mononofu, samurai) existed from the 10th century to the 19th century and was a member of a family community whose top was the master of Soke (the head family) and whose profession was a warrior.
- 兄弟共に名を変えて丹波小子(たにわのわらわ)と名乗り、縮見屯倉首(しじみのみやけのおびと)に使役され、長い間牛馬の飼育に携わっていた。
- Both brothers changed their names and called themselves collectively as Taniwa no warawa (kids of Tanba) and were exploited by Shijimi no miyake no obito (chieftain of the Imperially-controlled territory called Shijimino miyake) and engaged in farming of horses and cattle for a long time.
- 信保自身は義明を傀儡として実権を掌握すると共に、義明が足利氏の一族であるという大義名分のもとに勢力を関東一帯に拡大していったのである。
- Installing Yoshiaki as just a figurehead, Nobuyasu himself held the real power and extended his own influence over the whole of the Kanto region under the pretext that Yoshiaki belonged to the Ashikaga family.
- すなわち、泰宗の子の宇都宮貞泰は、南北朝時代 (日本)に四国伊予国に勢力を保ち、南朝の懐良親王と共に城井氏の拠点の豊前国仲津に移った。
- That is to say, Yasumune's son, Sadayasu UTSUNOMIYA maintained his influence in Iyo Province of the Shikoku region during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (of Japan) and then moved to Nakatsu, Chikuzen Province which was the Kii clan's base, together with Imperial Prince Kaneyoshi of the Southern Court.
- 天武天皇10年(681年)3月17日に川島皇子、三野王、忌部子人、中臣大島らと共に「帝紀および上古の諸事」の記録認定事業を命ぜられる。
- On April 13, 681, the Prince Osakabe, together with the Prince Kawashima, Minu no Okimi, INBE no Kobito and NAKATOMI no Oshima were assigned for the task of recording and authorizing the 'Teiki oyobi Joko no Shoji' (the genealogy of the Imperial family and matters of the high antiquity).
- 1901年、総督府は『台湾公共規則』を公布、以前からの水利施設を回収すると共に、新たに近代的な水利施設を建設することをその方針とした。
- The Sotoku-fu issued the 'Taiwan Public Rules' in 1901, by which the old water facilities were replaced with the modern water facilities.
- しかし、この頃には天狗党に対する賛同論が広がっており、劣勢に立たされていた頼徳勢は天狗党と合流し共に市川勢と戦うことになるのであった。
- However, by this time many of the party member came to agree with the thoughts of Tenguto and Yorinori, who was on the backfoot, decided to join Tenguto and fight together against Ichikawa.
- また、首相の桂太郎と海相の山本権兵衛は小村を新橋駅に出迎え両脇を挟む様に歩き、爆弾等を浴びせられた場合は共に倒れる覚悟であったという。
- Besides, Prime Minister Taro KATSURA and Minister of the Navy Gombei YAMAMOTO seemed to be ready for being killed by bombs along with KOMURA if it happened, so they walked putting KOMURA between them after they welcomed him at Shimbashi Station.
- なお、開城の攻略まで行動を共にしていた二番隊は鏡道へ進路を転じ、日本軍は北西部の平安道の平壌より北方と全羅道を除く朝鮮全土を制圧した。
- The Second Division, acting with them until the attack on Kaesong, switched their course to Hamgyong Province and the Japanese army occupied all of Korea excluding part of Pyeongan Province in the northwestern area to the north of Pyongyang and Jeolla Province.
- だが、それらの多くは、以下のように詩情といった点はともかく、『千鳥の曲』と共通点が多い(その他高低二重奏が多い点は『五段砧』に類似)。
- Most of these songs have many common points with 'Chidori no Kyoku' other than the poetical imagination (in addition, frequent use of duet in high and low tones is similar to 'Godanginuta') as follows:
- 『吾妻鏡』の壇ノ浦の戦いの元暦二年三月二十四日の条で「二位ノ尼は宝剣を持って、按察の局は先帝(安徳天皇)を抱き奉って、共に海底に没する。
- The entry in the 'Azuma kagami' for the 24th day of the third month of Genryaku 2, which concerns the battle of Dannoura, states that 'Tokiko held the treasured Sword, and Lady Azechi reverently held Emperor Antoku close, and then they jumped together and sank away to the bottom of the sea.'
- 治承3年(1179年)重盛と盛子が相次いで死去すると、後白河は関白基房と共謀し、清盛に無断で重盛の知行国(越前)と盛子の荘園を没収した。
- In 1179, when Shigemori and Moriko died, Goshirakawa collaborated with Regent Motofusa to seize the province that Shigemori governed (Echizen) and Moriko's shoen.
- 1970年3月17日、当時の国王ノロドム・シハヌークが外遊中に、ロン・ノルによるクーデターによって王制が打倒され、クメール共和国が樹立。
- On March 17, 1970, coups by Lon NOL defeated the monarchy of King Norodom SIHANOUK while he was travelling abroad, and the Khmer Republic was established.
- ロシアとドイツはイギリスにも共同行動を提案したが、世論を理由に干渉を拒否し、アメリカもまた、日本に好意的だったが局外中立を崩さなかった。
- Although Russia and Germany asked for a coordinated intervention from the United Kingdom, the United Kingdom refused it based on opposing public opinions, whereas the United States of America did not break neutrality toward Japan although the U.S. was favorable to Japan.
- 特に、共同体秩序を崩壊させるような行為(窃盗、放火、殺人など)に対する罰則は、ほとんどの場合で死刑とされており、大変厳しいものであった。
- The penal regulations were very severe; in particular the crimes that disturbed the order of community (such as theft, arson and homicide) resulted in the death penalty in almost all cases.
- さらに、明治4年7月14日 (旧暦)(1871年8月29日)には、廃藩置県が行われ、名実共に藩は消滅し、国家権力が中央政府に集中された。
- In addition, on August 29, 1871, the policy of Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and the establishment of prefectures) was enforced, and feudal domains were practically abolished and the central government seized all ruling powers.
- コンニャクを食用としている地域は日本、中華人民共和国、ミャンマー、大韓民国で農産物として生産され、市場に流通しているのは日本のみである。
- With konnyaku used as food in Japan, the People's Republic of China, Myanmar, and the Republic of Korea, only Japan among these countries has cultivated it as agricultural products and distributed them to the market.
- 小説家の井沢元彦が、栗隈王を天武天皇による天智天皇暗殺の共犯者とする説を著書である「逆説の日本史」で展開しているが、学会からの賛同はない。
- A novelist Motohiko IZAWA explains his idea in his book 'Paradox of Japanese History' saying that Kurikuma no Okimi was an accomplice in the assassination of the Emperor Tenchi which was mainly plotted by the Emperor Tenmu, but he has not received any academic approval.
- この頃のことは、『魏志』倭人伝には、倭国乱れ互いに攻伐し合い、長い間盟主なしと伝える、その後、卑弥呼が共立されて王となる、と書かれている。
- According to 'Gishi' Wajinden (literally, an 'Account of the Wa' in 'The History of the Wei Dynasty'), wars frequently broke out in Wakoku and there had been no leader for a long time, then Himiko was installed as a queen.
- 複数の国が存在していて、それらの国が金本位制を採用している場合、流通している通貨が異なっても事実上「金」が世界共通の通貨であることになる。
- When there are several countries, which implement gold standard system, 'gold' is practically the universal currency even though their currencies in circulation are different.
- しかし、それを実現させるだけの資金的裏づけがなかった日本は、秘かにイギリスに対してのみ、この要求の事実を打ち明けて共同経営の誘いを行った。
- However, as Japan did not have enough funds to realize the business, it confided in only the United Kingdom about the demand and asked it to join the business in partnership.
- しかし1929年になると台湾教育令を改正し、中等教育については高等普通学校が廃止、中学校に一本化され、台湾人と日本人の共学制が採用された。
- In 1929, however, the Act of Taiwanese Education was amended, which amendment integrated higher elementary school into junior high school and employed a desegregated school system for Taiwanese and Japanese.
- 科罰手続の一般法としては、非訟事件手続法の規定と、地方自治法s地方自治法 第二編 普通地方公共団体 第十四章 補則255の3の規定がある。
- The general laws to impose punishment procedures of Karyo are the regulations of Non-Contentious Cases Procedures Act and the regulations of the Local Autonomy Law II, Ordinary local public entities, Chapter 14, supplementary rules, Article 255-3.
- 戦前日本が領有した地域の中では南洋庁が置かれたパラオ共和国や樺太のユジノサハリンスク(旧豊原)に小規模ながら残留日本人の共同体が現存する。
- There still exist communities of Japanese left behind in the places Japan occupied before the war, such as the Republic of Palau, in which the South Pacific Mandate was built, and Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (former Toyohara) in Sakhalin.
- 中華人民共和国では万暦朝鮮戦争(ばんれきちょうせんせんそう、)もしくは朝鮮壬辰衛国戦争(ちょうせんじんしんえいこくせんそう、)と呼ばれる。
- In the People's Republic of China, it is called '万历朝鲜战争' or '朝鲜壬辰卫国战争.'
- この記述が事実だとすると、9月10日の戦いで両軍共に全軍の2割に達する戦死者を出しながら、なおも長期間戦いを続けていたことになってしまう。
- However, if this description was true, it becomes that, although both forces had lost as many as 20% of them in the battle on October 18, they continued fighting further for a long period of time.
- この様な事や価値観や趣味や休日の過ごし方の多様化などから、祭り文化の衰退と共に的屋自体の収入の低下などから成り手が無いと言った現状がある。
- Because of this and the diversification of values, hobbies, and the way people spend their weekends, few want to take the job due to the decline of festival culture, as well as the reduced profits of the tekiya.
- 1992年(平成4年)、「八幡」として「新町通り」・「永原町通り」・「日牟禮八幡宮境内地」と共に国の重要伝統的建造物群保存地区に選定される。
- In 1992, the canal was designated part of 'Omihachiman City Preservation District' for Groups of Historic Hachiman Buildings, together with 'Shinmachi-dori,' 'Nagahara-cho dori' and 'Himure-hachimangu Shrine.'
- 武士の概念は時代により微妙に変化しており、一言では言い表すには難しいが、各時代でも共通しているのは武装した私兵集団の構成員だという点である。
- The concept of bushi slightly varies depending on the periods and it is difficult to express it in one word, but the common theme through the periods is that they were members of a private army group of armed fighters.
- また新兵組とともに軍費自弁のためにできた膨大な借金は名主仲間共有の山林を売り払うなどして賄われ、肝心の宮座は維新後間もなく消滅してしまった。
- But much like the Shinpeigumi, they were left with enormous debts because they were shouldering the financial burden of their wartime activities themselves, so although the council of village headsmen managed to cover their expenses by selling the lumber and other things they owned jointly as villages, this led to the shrine organization--the heart and soul of the troop--quickly ceasing to exist soon after the Restoration.
- 教科には中国史や漢文学を学ぶ紀伝道が成立し、法律を学ぶ明法道・儒学を学ぶ明経道・数学を学ぶ算道と共に教えられた(特に重視されたのは紀伝道)。
- The subjects were Kidendo, which was the study of Chinese history and literature, Myobodo, the study of law, Myogyodo, the study of Confucianism, Sando, the study of mathematics (Kidendo was the most important).
- 769年、県犬養姉女、忍坂女王、石田女王らと共に孝謙天皇を呪詛し、息子の志計志麻呂を皇位に就けようとしたとして、厨真人厨女と名を改名された。
- In 769 her name was changed to Kuriya no mahito kuriyame for cursing the Empress Koken in conspiracy with Agata no inukai no aneme, Oshisaka no himemiko, Ishida no himemiko and others and for trying to propel her son Shikeshimaro to the Imperial Throne.
- 信長は、浅井氏からも援軍を得て、共通の敵である南近江の有力大名である六角義賢親子を破り(観音寺城の戦い)、足利義昭を奉じての上洛を果たした。
- Gaining reinforcements from the Azai clan, Nobunaga defeated Yoshikata ROKKAKU parent and child, who were powerful feudal lords of Minami Omi and also a common enemy of Nobunaga and the Azai clan (the Battle of Kannonji Castle), and accomplished to go to the capital under Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA.
- 日本國政府及韓國政府ハ兩帝國ヲ結合スル利害共通ノ主義ヲ鞏固ナラシメムコトヲ欲シ韓國ノ富強ノ實ヲ認ムル時ニ至ル迄此目的ヲ以テ左ノ條款ヲ約定セリ
- The Governments of Japan and Corea, desiring to strengthen the principle of solidarity which unites the two Empires, have with that object in view agreed upon and concluded the following stipulations to serve until the moment arrives when it is recognized that Corea has attained national strength: -
- この台湾銀行を通して日本資本が大量に台湾に投下され、台湾の資本主義が発達したと共に、更に台湾より中国や東南アジアへの資金が投資されていった。
- Through the Bank of Taiwan, a large amount of Japanese capital was put into Taiwan, which economic policy contributed to the development of capitalism in Taiwan, and further investment in China and the Southeast Asian countries from Taiwan.
- 長子相続を根幹とした血族共同体を基礎としたこの関係を宗族制度といい、宗族制度と封建制度が密接に関係していたであろうことは概ね認められている。
- These relationships based on the blood family community with primogeniture at its core is called the Sozoku System, and it is generally accepted that the Sozoku system and Hoken system were closely related to each other.
- 携行は「胴乱(どうらん)」と呼ばれるポーチ状の物に入れたり、紐に数珠繋ぎとして肩から袈裟懸けにする等の方法がとられ、これを銃と共に携行した。
- Hayagos were carried with guns either in pouches called doran or by stringing them on ropes and hanging the ropes from a shoulder across the chest.
- また、村落や町(ちょう)が、自らの共同体的な機能を維持するために住民に賦課する人足役(掃除・普請・番・荷物持ち)も「夫役」と呼ぶ場合がある。
- Additionally, villages and towns sometimes used the word 'buyaku' in reference to ninsokuyaku (cleanup, construction, guard and porter) that they imposed on residents in order to maintain their own communal functions.
- 文化・民族・国の根拠を神に依ろうとする発想は世界共通のもので、王の権威は神から授かったのだという考えに依拠する王権神授説などその流れは多様。
- The idea that the cultures, ethnic groups and nations originate in God is universal and developed differently, such as a theory of the divine right of kings in which the authority of kings is thought to be granted by God.
- 大名が即日切腹というのは異例のことで、目付多門重共も遺恨の内容などについてもっと慎重な取調べが必要だと訴えたが、側用人柳沢吉保に退けられた。
- It was very rare for a feudal lord to commit seppuku on the same day, and although the inspector Shigetomo OKADO claimed the necessity to investigate this revenge, it was turned down by the lord chamberlain Yoshiyasu YANAGISAWA.
- さらに料理技術の発達と共に、「もてなし」が「手間をかける」ことに繋がり、現在の茶道や料亭文化にみられる様式を重視した「懐石」料理が完成した。
- With the development of cooking techniques, 'hospitality' came to mean 'devoting a great deal of time and effort', and 'kaiseki' ryori came to value highly those forms currently seen at sado or fancy Japanese-style restaurants.
- 明治中期に入ると初等教育の開始や徴兵制の徹底、日清戦争・日露戦争での勝利等を背景に、愛国心の高まりと共に社会情勢は国家主義的思想が台頭した。
- In the mid-Meiji, with the beginning of elementary education, full enforcement of conscription, victory in the Japanese-Sino and Japanese-Russo wars, etc., a nationalistic thinking arose in society along with a surge in patriotism.
- 7世紀頃には、蝦夷は現在の宮城県中部から山形県以北の東北地方と、北海道 (地方公共団体)の大部分に広く住み、その一部は日本の領域の中にあった。
- By the seventh century, the Emishi had lived broadly in the Tohoku region (from mid-Miyagi Prefecture through Yamagata Prefecture and to the north) and most of Hokkaido (local public entity), a part of which was included in the Japanese territory.
- 地方の民衆生活のなかでは、「村」は基本的な共同体の単位であったが、それが、法的には全然認められていない事実のなかにも、律令法の特徴がみられる。
- In the provincial lives of people, the 'village' was a basic unit of the community, but the fact that it was not recognized by law at all is characteristic of ritsuryo law.
- 即位後朝見の儀での「国民と共に日本国憲法を守り、国運の一層の進展と世界平和、人類の福祉の増進を切に希望して止みません」という発言が話題となる。
- The following remark made by the Emperor Akihito at the rite of audience after the enthronement became a topic; 'Observing the Constitution of Japan with the nation, I sincerely hope for Japan's further prosperity, global peace and the promotion of the welfare of the people.'
- これが世界最大級の産銅量を誇る鉱山に成長し、重要な輸出品として日本を支えることとなると共に約280年にもわたって住友の重要な事業の柱となった。
- This developed into a mine that boasted the world's greatest copper production, supporting Japan as an important export item and serving as the major Sumitomo business for approximately 280 years.
- これを受け三条は「貿易の催進を要する為、彼我共に輸出入税を徴するなし。是通商章程中の要旨なり」(句読及び強調、加筆者)と使節団に訓示している。
- In response to this, Sanjo instructed the envoy 'In order to promote trade, export and import duties will not be imposed on both sides. This is the point of the provision of trade (punctuation and emphasis were improved by a writer).'
- 最終的に、元駐清公使フォン・ブラントの意見書(4月8日)を皇帝ヴィルヘルム2世 (ドイツ皇帝)が受け入れて、ロシアと共に干渉することになった。
- In the end, Germany began the coordinated intervention with Russia after obtaining the approval from German Emperor, Wilhelm II.
- 意見書によると、ロシアとの共同行為は、恩を感じた清国から艦隊や貯炭所の割譲または租借ができる唯一の可能性を与えるものである、と認識されている。
- According to a written statement, the concerted intervention with Russia was acknowledged among the high officials as the only way to get a cession or a lease of fleets and coal yards from Qing, as Qing would feel obligated to do so if the intervention was successful.
- 日本が台湾に進駐した初期において、日本軍は伝染病などにより多くの戦病死者を出した経験から総督府が台湾の公共衛生改善を重要政策として位置づけた。
- In the early years of Japanese occupation of Taiwan, the Sotoku-fu put the improvement of public health in Taiwan as an important policy because the Japanese army suffered from many deaths caused by infectious diseases in war.
- 祖の宇合は長屋王の変の後参議に昇進し、藤原四兄弟たちと共に聖武天皇朝で政権を主導したが、天平9年(737年)の天然痘蔓延により病没してしまう。
- Umakai, founder of the Fujiwara Shikike, was promoted to sangi (councilor) after the Conspiracy of Nagayao and led the government during the Emperor Shomu's era with other brothers, but he died of smallpox which spread in 737.
- 伊藤内閣は6月15日、朝鮮の内政改革を日清共同で進める、清が拒否すれば日本単独で指導するという方針を閣議決定し清に通告し、清がこれを拒否した。
- On June 15, the Ito cabinet decided on its policy in the cabinet meeting that both Japan and Qing would jointly reform the internal system of Korea and, if Qing refused, Japan would solely undertake the instructions, and Qing refused when informed of the decision.
- 加えて彼らの、作品に対する価値観は従前の芸術性や商業性ではなく、いわゆる「おたく」文化という共通のサブカルチャーによるものを背景に持っている。
- In addition, their values in regard to their works are backed up by their common subculture, which is generally called 'otaku' (geek) culture, instead of the traditional artistry and commercialism.
- 1874年(明治7年)、京都に住む印鑑の名匠、安部井櫟堂(あべい れきどう:1805 - 1883)が命じられ、国璽と共に1年がかりで製作した。
- Rekido ABEI (1805-1883), a master craftsman of seal-engraving in Kyoto, was commissioned with its creation in 1874, and spent a year making it and the seal of state.
- しかしながら、他戸親王の立太子に反対していた藤原式家の藤原良継・藤原百川兄弟の陰謀に遭い、光仁天皇を呪ったとして庶人に落とされ、母共々変死した。
- However, Imperial Prince Osabe was entrapped by a scheme of FUJIWARA no Yoshitsugu and a FUJIWARA no Momokawa (brothers) from the Ceremonial House of the Fujiwara clan who opposed his investiture of the Crown Prince; and eventually he was demoted to common people for allegedly having put a curse on Emperor Konin, thereafter he and his mother died an unnatural death.
- 1568年、遠江国に追い立てられた氏真は、最後の拠点掛川城を徳川軍の石川家成に明け渡し、掛川城主の朝比奈泰朝等と共に北条氏を頼って小田原に退去。
- In 1568, Ujimasa who was sent away to Totomi Province transferred the last foothold Kakegawa-jo Castle to Ienari ISHIKAWA of the Tokugawa army and went away to Odawara to seek help from the Hojo clan together with the lord of Kakegawa-jo Castle Yasutomo ASAHINA.
- この時代には周防をはじめ、長門国・石見国・安芸国・備後国・豊前国・筑前国を領するなど、名実共に西国随一の戦国大名となり、大内家は全盛期を迎えた。
- In this period, the Ouchi family became the greatest daimyo in the Sengoku period in Saigoku (western part of Japan [esp. Kyushu, but ranging as far east as Kinki]) both in name and in reality, along with its territories, such as Suo Province, Nagato Province, Iwami Province, Aki Province, Bingo Province, Buzen Province and Chikuzen Province, and the family reached its height.
- そのため境黒彦皇子と眉輪王は相談して葛城円大臣の邸宅に逃げ込んだが、大臣の助命嘆願も空しく、大泊瀬皇子は邸宅で3人共に焼き殺してしまったという。
- For this reason, Sakai no kurohiko no miko and Prince Mayowa consulted together and escaped to the residence of Katsuragi no tsubura no omi, but despite the minister's plea to spare their lives, Prince Ohatsuse burned all three of them together.
- これに対し、地方豪族の支配下にあった民部(かきべ)は、在地の族長を介して、共同体のまま部(べ)に編入し、族長をへて貢納させる形のものが多かった。
- In contrast to people who directly belonged to the Yamato Regime, Kakibe, who were under the control of powerful local clans needed to go through the head of the local clan and to be included to Be (group of common people to work for the Yamato Regime in various functions) while keeping their original form of community; and the service of labor offered to the Yamato Regime were often done through the head of the clan.
- にもかかわらず、長州、薩摩共に伝のある土佐藩脱藩の坂本龍馬や中岡慎太郎の斡旋により、主戦派の長州藩重臣である福永喜助宅において会談が進められた。
- Notwithstanding, the two clans held a conference at the residence of the Choshu Domain's senior retainer Kisuke FUKUNAGA (an advocate of the war against the bakufu), with the mediation of Ryoma SAKAMOTO and Shintaro NAKAOKA, both of whom had left the Tosa Domain and had relationship with the Satsuma and Choshu domain.
- 義平は変装して平清盛一族(平家)の支配する京都に密かに潜入し、京都に潜む父義朝のかつての郎党と共に清盛暗殺を企てるが失敗し捕らえられて殺される。
- Yoshihira in disguise sneaked into Kyoto which was ruled by the family of TAIRA no Kiyomori (Taira clan) and tried to assassinate Kiyomori with the help of the former followers of his father Yoshitomo hidden in Kyoto, but he failed, and was captured and killed.
- また、中華人民共和国でも、天津市や北京市で日本のものと同じような、小豆や栗を使った甘い「羊羹 ヤンカン yánggēng」が製造販売されている。
- In the People's Republic of China, sweet Yankan (pronounced as yánggēng in Chinese, written with the same Chinese characters as yokan), which contain adzuki beans and chestnuts just like Japanese yokan, are made and sold in Tianjin and Beijing.
- 1917年宗教団体大本に入信、京都府の綾部市や亀岡市で独自の修行を続け、甥の井上鑑昭(親英体道の創始者)と共に同地で「合気武道」の指導を行った。
- In 1917, he joined the religious group Oomoto, and continued his own training in Ayabe City and Kameoka City in Kyoto while teaching 'Aikibudo' with his nephew Noriaki INOUE (founder of the martial art called Shinei Taido) in the area.
- この影響で男性は混雑時や緊急時を除き、大便器を使用することがあまりないため、学校・会社などの公共施設の便所では大便をしにくいといった感情が多い。
- Because of this, except for the time of congestion or emergency, men do not often use a toilet basin and thus many of them are reluctant to empty their bowels in the lavatory of public facilities such as a school, a company, and so on.
- 妙覚寺には、信忠と共に、信長の弟・織田長益(のちの織田有楽斎)も滞在していて、信忠とともに二条御所に移ったが、落城前に逃げ出した(『三河物語』)。
- Together with Nobutada, Nagamasu ODA (later, Urakusai ODA) who was Nobunaga's younger brother, also stayed in the Myokaku-ji Temple and he moved to the Nijo Gosho together with Nobutada and he run away before the fall of the castle. ('Mikawa Monogatari')
- 1967年(昭和42年)に制定された福岡市の市章も同様の理由でカタカナの「フ」を九つ並べて図案化されており、その点に関しては共通点があるといえる。
- The city emblem of Fukuoka established in 1967 was also designed by laying the nine katakana characters of 'Fu' side by side, therefore the two cities have this point in common.
- 天平9年(737年)、藤原四兄弟(藤原武智麻呂、藤原房前、藤原宇合、藤原麻呂)の死去を受け、太政大臣に任ぜられ、大納言橘諸兄と共に政権を運営する。
- Following the deaths of the four Fujiwara brothers (FUJIWARA no Muchimaro, FUJIWARA no Fusasaki, FUJIWARA no Umakai and FUJIWARA no Maro), he was appointed to Chidaijokanji (a deputy to the Dajo Daijin) in 737, and came to be in charge of political affairs together with TACHIBANA no Moroe, the then Dainagon (Major Counselor of the Daijokan).
- 一般的に「苛烈な悪法」「天下の悪法」として人々に認識されているが、江戸時代史見直しと共に徳川綱吉治世の見直し論も起こり、この令も再検討されている。
- This law has been recognised as a 'seriously wrong law' and an 'evil, autocratic law', but as the Edo Period subject to review, the rule of Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA and this law are also under re-examination.
- 幕藩体制の確立と共に全国に普及、創鋳から30年ほど経った寛文年間頃には、永楽通宝をはじめとする渡来銭をほぼ完全に駆逐し、貨幣の純国産化を実現した。
- Shin-Kanei-bunsen which spread across the country along with the establishment of shogunate system almost completely expelled Torai-sen (coins imported from China) including Eiraku-tsuho (bronze coins struck in the Ming dynasty) in around the Kanbun era about 30 years after the first minting, and domestic production of all coins was realized.
- 城主・森可成は近江に居た野府城主・織田信治、青地茂綱らと共に交通の要所である坂本 (大津市)を先に占領して街道を封鎖して連合軍の進軍妨害を試みる。
- Yoshinari MORI, the lord of Usayama-jo Castle, attempted to intercept the advance of the allied forces by preemptively conquering Sakamoto (Otsu City), a strategic point of transportation, to help blockade roads along with Nobuharu ODA, the lord of Nobu-jo Castle, and Shigetsuna AOCHI.
- 日本でも、黄檗宗大本山萬福寺で、三門と大雄宝殿の間に設けられた天王殿に四天王や韋駄天と共に安置されている布袋形の金色の弥勒仏像を見ることができる。
- A similar image of golden Miroku bodhisattva with a paunchy appearance, together with images of Shitenno and Idaten, can also be found in Tennodo building between Sanmon-gate and Daiyuhoden building in Manpuku-ji temple, the head temple of the Obaku sect of Buddhism in Japan,
- スーパーの特売など冷蔵されない状態で売られている卵を買うときや、野菜などと共に配達される卵を入手したときは、卵の状態について特に注意すべきだろう。
- You should pay more attention to the egg condition when you purchase non-chilled eggs like on a special sale at a supermarket or when you get eggs delivered together with vegetables and the like.
- ところが1933年3月になり日本共産党員およびその同調者とされた裁判官・裁判所職員が検挙される「司法官赤化事件」が起こり状況は一変することになった。
- However, in March 1933, the situation changed drastically when the 'Communist Judiciary Incident' occurred and Japanese Communist Party members and judges and court staff who were sympathetic to the party were arrested.
- 経基は興世王と武芝と将門が共謀して謀反を謀っていると訴え、将門の主人の太政大臣藤原忠平が事の実否を調べることにし、御教書を下して使者を東国へ送った。
- Accepting the complaints of appeal by Tsunemoto that Prince Okiyo, Takeshiba and Masakado were plotting a rebellion in conspiracy, Daijo daijin (Grand Minister of State) FUJIWARA no Tadahira, Masakado's lord, sent an envoy to Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly the Kanto region) after issuing a migyosho (documents for informing of decisions made by third or upper ranked authorities) to investigate whether the complaints were true.
- また、鎌倉時代後期以後に公家社会にも受容された背景には幕府・朝廷ともに徳政を通じた徳治主義の実現という共通した政治目標が存在したことも指摘している。
- Also since the late Kamakura period, it was also accepted by the court noble society, he pointed out that the back ground was the common policy goal of bakufu and Imperial Court to realize the principle of the rule by virtue of the sovereign through benevolent rule.
- 逆に甲賀は「惣」と呼ばれる自治共同体を形成していたが各々が対等な立場にあった為に多数決の原理を重んじ、「伊賀惣国一揆」の運営ぶりとは対照的であった。
- On the other hand, Koka formed a self-governing community called 'So' in which people had an equal position and respected the principle of decision by majority, so it was contrast to the administration of 'iga sokoku ikki.'
- 西暦1069年から1074年までの延久年間に、陸奥守源頼俊が清原貞衡(清原真衡と同一人物との有力説がある)と共に兵を率い蝦夷を攻略したとされる戦い。
- It is the war against Ezo/Emishi (the generic name of the native people living in the north part of Japan) by the troops led by MINAMOTO no Yoritoshi, the goovernor of Mutsu Province, and KIYOHARA no Sadahira ('清原貞衡' Studies suggest this Sadahira is the same person with '清原真衡') during the Eikyu era from 1069 to 1074.
- また流通分野では、郵便制度・電信網の整備、鉄道および船舶運輸(民間の三菱財閥と国策会社の共同運輸会社の競合を経て日本郵船会社)などの整備が行われた。
- The postal system, the telegraph network, and transportation by railway and ship were consolidated as one distribution system (Nippon Yusen Company was established after the competition between the Mitsubishi Combine, the private sector, and the Kyodo Unyu Company, the national policy concern).
- この戦争により、陸軍においては白兵突撃至上主義が、海軍においては艦隊決戦至上主義が確立され、後の太平洋戦争まで両者共に大きく影響を及ぼすことになる。
- The Russo-Japanese War cemented the centrality of charge tactics in the army, and decisive encounter between fleets in the navy tactics that would significantly influence both institutions until the Second World War.
- '荒木家老の者共さし寄りて村重を諫めて云く、つらつら城中の形勢を見るに、毛利家の援兵も今は頼み少なく、徒らに月日を送り給う故、兵糧甚だ乏しく成り候。
- 'Araki's senior retainers gathered together and tried to convince Murashige that, judging from the situations in the castle, hope for obtaining reinforcement troops from the Mori clan became unbelievable and, since Murashige had wasted time in vain, provisions ran low.
- 水枯れ期の田圃への取水についての村落同士の話し合いなどを発生起源とし、近年では土木・建設をはじめ多くの公共事業の分配方法の商慣習として万延していた。
- This method had originated from discussions between villages about water intake to rice fields during periods of drought, and has spread as a commercial custom as a method to distribute many public work projects including civil engineering and construction in these years.
- しかし明治時代に東京方言を基盤に標準語・共通語が整備されて以降、学校教育やマスコミ等の影響で東京をも含め全国で伝統的な方言は衰退していく傾向にある。
- However, after the standard dialect or common language was developed based on a Tokyo dialect in the Meiji period, traditional dialects have been on a declining trend nationwide including Tokyo due to influence of school education, mass communication, etc.
- 公共図書館が入った北近畿の都センター建設や福知山市が進める福知山駅北大規模街区による商業施設にコーナン福知山駅前店(店舗面積約9000平方㍍)がある。
- There are buildings to be constructed such as the Kita-kinki no miyako center with a public library and the store of Home Center Kohnan (Kohnan Shoji Co., Ltd) in front of Fukuchiyama Station (with a store area of 9,000 square meters) in a commercial construction zone at a large-scale block on the north side of Fukuchiyama Station, which is being developed by Fukuchiyama City.
- 福知山の特産品である丹波栗などを含む農作物が狙われ、年度によって深刻な被害を農家へもたらすこともあり、檻の共同オーナーを募集するNPO法人も存在する。
- Since these wild animals consume agricultural products including the Tanba chestnut, one of the specialty goods of Fukuchiyama, in some years they have sometimes caused serious damage to farmers; as a result, there is an incorporated nonprofit organization seeking joint owners for a 'cage.'
- 日本の歌物語『伊勢物語』には、藤原温子・春澄洽子・伊勢 (歌人)・藤原高経女と共に和歌の集まりに参加する姿が描かれており、歌人としても名を残している。
- In 'Ise Monogatari' (The tales of Ise), a tale of poems of Japan, she appeared as a poet who participated in waka gathering with FUJIWARA no Onshi, HARUSUMI no Amaneiko, Ise (waka poet), the daughter of FUJIWARA no Takatsune; she left her name as a poet.
- 1333年新田義貞が鎌倉幕府を討つ為に武蔵国に入り分倍河原の戦い (鎌倉時代)で鎌倉北条軍に敗れた後、松田一族は相模国の同志軍と共に新田義貞軍に参陣。
- After Yoshisada NITTA entered Musashi Province to defeat the Kamakura Shogunate, and was crushed by the Kamakura Hojo Army at the Bubaigawara War, the Matsuda family joined the army of Yoshisada NITTA along with the partisan army of Sagami Province.
- それでも第1回衆議院議員総選挙においては41議席を獲得し(院内会派名としては議員集会所)、民力休養問題では地租軽減を支持して共闘の姿勢は崩さなかった。
- Even so, the party gained 41 seats in the first election for the House of Representatives, and continuously worked together with the Liberal party in favor of reducing land taxes to encourage the private sector.
- この意識は少なくとも室町末期ごろまで続き、後世に言われるような「裏切りは卑怯」「主君と生死を共にするのが武士」といった考え方は当時は主流ではなかった。
- This concept continued until at least the late Muromachi period and the ideas that a 'betrayer is a coward' 'samurais should die with their lords' were not mainstream at the time.
- 宋秉畯は、日露戦争のさなか、日韓議定書が締結された約半年後の1904年8月8日に独立協会系の尹始炳らと共に、一進会を設立する(当初、名称は「維新会」。
- Song Byung-joon founded Isshinkai along with 尹始炳 and others related to the independence club on August 8, 1904, about half a year after the conclusion of Japan-Korea Protocol in the middle of Russo-Japanese War (the initial name was 'Ishinkai').
- なお、御恩と奉公による主従関係について、中世ヨーロッパに見られた封建制(feudalism)との共通点に着目して、封建的主従関係と理解する見解がある。
- By the way, concerning the master-servant relationship based on goon and hoko, there is an opinion that the relationship is interpreted the same as the feudal master-servant relationship, because when it is compared with feudalism found in Medieval Europe, there are some common points.
- 一方、中華人民共和国や東南アジア諸国では、これまでは、ごく近隣に徒歩で配達することはあるが、日本のようにバイクなどを使っての配達はまず行われなかった。
- On the other hand, in China and Southeast Asian countries, delivery service on foot is limited to the neighborhoods and delivery service by motorbike like Japan is not available.
- 中華人民共和国杭州市の浙江料理の東坡肉(トンポーロー、トンポォロウ)が、沖縄県に伝わりラフテーとなり、長崎県では卓袱料理の東坡煮(とうばに)となった。
- Dong Po Rou (Dongpo Pork) of Zhejiang cuisine of Hangzhou City in People's Republic of China became Rafuthy when introduced into Okinawa Prefecture and Tobani of Shippoku cuisine when spread to Nagasaki Prefecture.
- 中辺路・大辺路を中心に2002年頃から数度にわたり、地元自治体の公共事業(古道の整備を目的とする)、古道とその周辺での植生の刈り払いが何度か行われたが、
- Public projects (aiming to maintain Kodo) by local government bodies and cutting of vegetation in Kodo and the surrounding area have been conducted several times since around 2002 mainly in Nakahechi and Ohechi (Kumano-kodo Road).
- これらの地方王国は、北陸地方(越国)や山陰地方(因幡国、出雲国など)や北部九州(筑紫国、末盧国など)の地方王国と共に、日本海沿岸の一大勢力を築いていた。
- These local kingdoms, along with counterparts of Hokuriku region (Koshi Province), Sanin region (Inaba Province and Izumo Province), Northern Kyushu (Tsukushi Province and Matsura Kingdom), had great influence throughout the Japan Sea side of Japan.
- ただし、武装集団である武士社会の行動原理に、現代社会ではヤクザなどの暴力団組織に特徴的に認められる行動原理が無視できないほど共通しているのも確かである。
- It is certain that the behavioral principle of bushi society, which were an armed group, is significantly similar to the behavioral principle which is characteristically seen in a gangster organization like yakuza and so on in modern society.
- 被差別部落の解消が幕末期から明治初期にかけて行われた上、本来なら天皇制と相容れないはずの解放政策が尊皇論と共存していたという極めて特殊な事例ではあった。
- It was an extremely special case that the buraku (hamlet)-elimination policy was put into effect from the end of Edo period through the early Meiji period and sonnoron (the thought respecting the Emperors) coexisted with the buraku-liberation policy that was supposed be incompatible with Emperor system.
- 6月19日、教育勅語などと共に、衆議院の「教育勅語等排除に関する決議」および参議院の「教育勅語等の失効確認に関する決議」によって、その失効が確認された。
- On June 19, 'Resolution on eliminating Imperial Rescript on Education and others' by the House of Representatives and 'Resolution on confirming the lapse of Imperial Rescript on Education and others' by the House of Councilors confirmed it became null and void along with Imperial Rescript on Education
- 「国の兵共」が、「譜第図」や「胡簗注文」などの台帳に記載されるということ自体が、彼らが国衙支配下の開発領主達の中で特種な存在であったことを物語っている。
- The fact that 'soldiers of the province' was recorded in registers such as 'Fudaizu' and 'Yanagui chumon' (a list of warriors) said that they had a special existence among the kaihatsu-ryoshu under the Kokuga rule.
- 長らく「ハレとケ」の二項図式を公理のようにみなした民俗構造の共時的な分析に傾斜し、もっぱら<「ハレ」の非日常=儀礼や祭り>に対して関心が寄せられていた。
- For a long time, it leaned toward the synchronic analysis of folklore structure that viewed the dichotomy of 'hare and ke' as an axiom, and there was an exclusive interest in the definition of 'hare' referring to non-ordinary events, which were rituals and festivals.
- 駆除を手段とした蚊よけが蚊取り線香のみであった時代には重要な役割を果たしていたが、電気蚊取り機の普及以降、線香と共に一般家庭における役割を縮小している。
- During the period when no means other than kayariki were available for extermination of mosquitoes, kayariki played an important role, but their role has been shrinking as well as the use of incense at home, as electric mosquito repellent heaters have become widely used.
- 現在日本では公衆便所は大型小売店(百貨店、スーパーマーケットなど)、公園、公共施設、鉄道駅など様々な場所にあり、数も多いため容易に見つけることができる。
- Now in Japan there are public restrooms in various places such as large-scale retail stores (department stores, supermarkets and so on), parks, public facilities, railway stations and so on and we can find them easily as the number is large.
- 後半は「千鳥の部」と呼ばれることもあり、まず箏、胡弓共に千鳥の鳴き声の暗示で始まり、次第にテンポを速くし、描写から離れて純音楽的展開を見せ、盛り上がる。
- The latter half is also referred to as 'chidori no bu' (chidori section), in which both koto and kyokyu start an indication of a chirp of a chidori, gradually pick up the tempo, and show a pure musical progress to the climax departing from a depiction of a scene.
- 1994年(平成6年) 「世界の文化遺産及び自然遺産の保護に関する条約」(世界遺産条約)に基づいて、延暦寺が金閣寺、清水寺などと共に世界遺産に登録される。
- 1994: Enryaku-ji Temple was registered as a World Heritage site along with Kinkaku-ji Temple and Kiyomizu-dera Temple under the 'Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage' (World Heritage Convention).
- 永らく滋賀県唯一の「村」だったが、2005年1月1日、同郡高島町 (滋賀県)、安曇川町、新旭町、今津町、マキノ町と合併して高島市となり、郡と共に廃止した。
- Kutsuki-mura had been the only village in Shiga Prefecture for a long time, but on January 1, 2005, Kutsuki-mura was merged with Takashima-cho (Shiga Prefecture) in Takashima-gun, Adogawa-cho, Shinasahi-cho, Imazu-cho and Makino-cho to form Takashima City and thus dissolved along with Takashima-gun.
- 大内氏の内部争いによって大内義隆が死亡し、8ヶ国守護となった尼子晴久と大内義長を傀儡とする陶氏が共に力を持ち拮抗するが、大内氏は毛利氏に攻められ滅亡する。
- Yoshitaka OUCHI died because of internal conflict of the Ouchi clan, Haruhisa AMAKO, who became shugo for eight countries and the Sue clan, which used Yoshinaga OUCHI as a puppet acquired power and stood against each other, but the Ouchi clan was ruined by the attack by the Mori clan.
- 女性用は柾目引きの絵がある色糸綴じのもの、男性用は柾目引きの白木白糸綴じのもの、老人用は男女共に、子供用と同じ板目引きで白糸綴じ絵を描かないものを用いる。
- Fans for women were made of straight-grained wood with drawings and colored binding strings, fans for men were made of straight-grained white wood with white binding string, and fans for elderly men and women were made of cross-grained wood as those for children, with white binding string but no drawing.
- 一方、群馬県(上野国)伊勢崎市と神奈川県(相模国)伊勢原市は共に伊勢神宮の分社を当地に建てたことに由来する名称であり、間接的ながらも伊勢国に関連している。
- On the other hand, both of the names of Isezaki City in Gunma Prefecture (Kozuke Province) and Isehara City in Kanagawa Prefecture (Sagami Province) originate in constructing branch shrines of Ise Shrine and therefore they are related to Ise Province although the relation is indirect.
- 慶長5年(1600年)の関ヶ原の戦いの際、衛友は西軍に属して小野木重勝らと行動を共にし、東軍に与した細川幽斎(幽斎)の丹後国田辺城 (丹後国)を包囲する。
- During the Battle of Sekigahara (1600), Moritomo, together with Shigekatsu ONOGI, joined the Western Camp as it besieged Tanabe-jo Castle in Tango Province, owned by Yusai HOSOKAWA who belonged to the Eastern Camp.
- この時の様子を『陰徳太平記』では、'忍び有岡の城を出立づ。共に乾助三郎に重代相伝の葉茶壺を負はせ、阿古とて、常に膝下に召使ひし女を召具しけり'としている。
- 'Intoku Taiheki' (old chronicle) described the situation at that time as 'He departed Arioka-jo Castle secretly. He made his attendant, Sukesaburo INUI carry a chatsubo (jar for tea leaves) of inherited for generations on his back and he was accompanies by a girl, who was called Ako and served always around him.'
- 当時の日本国内では、対元戦争を日本の神と元の神の争いと見る観念が広く共有されており、歌詠みや諸社による折伏・祈祷は日本の神の力を強めるものと認識されていた。
- In Japan at that time, people had a common idea of seeing the war against the Yuan Dynasty as the war between the Japanese gods and Yuan gods, and believed that the power of the Japanese gods would be strengthened by creating poems and performing shakubuku and prayers in shrines.
- 蝦夷共和国(えぞきょうわこく)は、明治元年12月(1869年1月)に成立し、蝦夷地(北海道)に短期間存在した佐幕派の政権である蝦夷島政府に対する俗称である。
- The Ezo republic that was built in January 1869 was a familiar name of the Ezo Island Government, a political power belonging to Sabaku-ha which existed for a short time in Ezochi (inhabited area of Ainu) (Hokkaido).
- 危機感を共有した支配階級は団結融和へと向かい、当時の天智天皇は豪族を再編成するとともに、官僚制を急速で整備するなど、挙国的な国制改革を精力的に進めていった。
- The ruling classes shared the sense of crisis and began to unite and reconcile with each other, while the emperor at the time, Emperor Tenji, energetically pushed forward nationwide constitutional reforms by reorganizing powerful clans and rapidly organizing the bureaucracy.
- かつては全国的に、神社ではなく村落や一族の本家などで共同で行われていたと見られるが、そのほとんどは行われなくなり、神社で神事として行われるものが残っている。
- This used to be done, not in shrines, but in village communities or the main branches of families all over the country; however, most of these ceremonies are no longer performed, and only those performed as shrine rituals remain.
- また、推古天皇二年に出された、三宝(仏・法・僧)を敬うべしという詔が示しているように、女帝は太子や馬子と共に仏法興隆にも努め、斑鳩に法隆寺を建立させたりした。
- Also, as the imperial decree issued in 594 which says that Sanbo (three treasures of Buddhism; Buddha, sutras and priesthood) should be respected shows, the Empress, together with the Prince and Umako, tried to make Buddhism flourish and let Horyu-ji Temple to be built in Ikaruga (a town in Ikoma-gun, Nara Prefecture).
- 日本に於いては、母系婚が鎌倉初期まで続いた事は論を俟たないが、男系相続の進展と共に、母系の婚家に男が通う形態から、まず、別宅としての男性主体の住処が成立した。
- In Japan, it is a matter of course that matrilineal marriage lasted until the early Kamakura period, but as succession in the male line became common, a man hardly came to visit his spouse's family, but came to have his own residence as a second house.
- 晩年は日本人共済会(現ニューヨーク日系人会)の設立、貧しく身寄りのない日本人のための墓地の購入、日本人信用組合の組織化など、同胞のための社会奉仕にも尽くした。
- In his later years, he worked hard for the welfare of his fellow Japanese by founding the Japanese Mutual Aid Society (the present day Japanese American Association of New York), purchasing a graveyard for underprivileged Japanese with no relatives, and organizing the Japanese Credit Cooperative.
- 総勢3万余の大軍が瀬戸内海を渡り新居郡内の御代島・沢津(共に現新居浜市)の二手に分かれて上陸し現地の城を破り進軍、新居の総大将 金子元宅率いる金子城を目指す。
- Huge numbers of troops totaling more than 30,000, crossed the Seto Inland Sea and landed from two directions, at Miyoshima and Sawatsu in Nii County (both of them are situated in what is now Niihama City), and, after destroying the castles there, the troops proceeded to Kaneko-jo Castle, which was dominated by Motoie KANEKO, the commander general in Nii County.
- しかし攻撃は失敗し、帰路に巨済島で停泊していたところを水陸から攻撃され、朝鮮水軍は幹部指揮官、元均、李億祺、崔湖の戦死と共に壊滅的打撃を被った(漆川梁海戦)。
- However, the attack failed and, when they anchored at Geoje Island on their way back, they were attacked both from the land and sea and the Korean navy suffered catastrophic damage including deaths of senior commanders, Won Gyun, Lee Eokgi, and 崔湖 (the Naval Battle of Chilcheollyang).
- 即ち、地方武士の多くは自己保存のために利害を共有できる権威・権力者と複数の主従関係を持つことで、独立と自己保存、そして勢力拡大の機会を獲得していったのである。
- In other words, many local samurai managed to secure independence, survival and opportunities to expand their territory by establishing multiple relationships with powerful and influential individuals who shared mutual interests.
- 部落解放同盟京都府連合会委員長であった朝田善之助は、「アメリカ帝国主義とそれに従属する日本独占資本」への対決に収斂しようとする共産党系の運動論を強く批判した。
- Zennosuke ASADA, who was a chairman of the Buraku Liberation League, Kyoto Federation, strongly accused the Communist Party of the leaning movement that led to the conclusion of the confrontation against 'American imperialism and its subservient Japanese monopoly capital.'
- 昭和16年(1941年)太平洋戦争勃発、同年政府機関による議論の末、厚生・文部・陸軍・海軍・内務の5省共管による政府の外郭団体とした新たな武道統括団体の新設。
- The Pacific War erupted in 1941, and as a result of discussions by government agencies, a new management organization for martial arts was established that year as an extra-departmental organization of the government, co-managed by the five ministries of Health and Welfare, Education, Army, Navy, and the Interior.
- 期間中は市役所や東日本旅客鉄道勝浦駅等の公共施設、商店街の各店舗などにひな壇が設置され、遠見岬神社では参道の石階段60段に約1,200体のひな人形が飾られる。
- Hinadan is set up in various stores in community facilities and local shopping areas such as city hall and Katsuura Station of the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) during the period; approximately 1,200 hina dolls are displayed on the 60 stone steps of sando (an approach) of Tomisaki-jinja Shrine.
- 表面の塗りは色調・仕上げ方法共に多種多様であるが、黒(呂色、ろいろ)または濃茶色(溜色、ためいろ)に塗り、磨きをかけて光沢を出したものが最も多く作られている。
- The surface coating of the dodai has a wide variety in both the color tone and the finishing method and many are painted in black (roiro: black japan) or dark brown (tameiro) and given a luster by brushing it up.
- 現在の町並みは愛宕神社 (京都市)の門前町として発展したもので、化野念仏寺を境に瓦屋根の町家風民家が並ぶ下地区と茅葺きの農家が多い上地区と二つの風景が共存する。
- The area, which developed as a Monzen-machi or a temple town of Atago-jinja Shrine, has two different townscapes with Adashino Nenbutsu-ji Temple as the boundary: Shimo-chiku characterized by Machiya (tradesmen's houses) with tiled roof and Kami-chiku characterized by farmhouses with thatched roof.
- しかし義弘の勢力を危険視した第3代将軍・足利義満の挑発に乗った義弘は、鎌倉公方の足利満兼と共謀して、応永6年(1399年)に堺で挙兵するも敗死した(応永の乱)。
- However, Yoshihiro was provoked by the third shogun, Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, who regarded Yoshihiro's power as dangerous, to raise an army in conspiracy with the Kamakura Kubo, Mitsukane ASHIKAGA in Sakai in 1399, but he died in the action (the Oei War).
- それらから大韓民国や朝鮮民主主義人民共和国には、そもそも本協約が結ばれた1905年の段階で既に無効であった、すなわち当初から効力が発生していないとする説がある。
- Because of these arguments, there exists a claim in the Republic of Korea and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea that the treaty was already invalid in the first place at the stage of 1905, when it was concluded, i.e. it did not come into force from the beginning.
- 『日本書紀』の記述には主語はないが、『上宮聖徳法王帝説』では聖徳太子と蘇我馬子が「共に天下の政を輔けて」と記されていることから、この二人の事蹟と考えられている。
- The 'Nihon Shoki' makes no mention of who established the twelve cap rank system, but from a description in the 'Jogu Shotoku Ho-o Teisetsu' that Prince Shotoku and SOGA no Umako 'together reinforced rule over the whole country,' it is believed that the system was a legacy of these two.
- 日本の便器メーカーは海外でも積極的に販売を行っており、最も日本のメーカーの便器が販売される国は中華人民共和国であり、TOTOだけで毎年100万台以上販売される。
- Japanese toilet basin manufacturers are aggressively conducting sales also in the foreign countries and the country where Japanese manufacturers' toilet basins sell the most is the People's Republic of China, and sales by TOTO LTD. total more than one million units every year.
- また、武士などの諸大夫、侍クラスの家の家芸は親から子へ幼少時からの英才教育で伝えられると共に、能力を見込んだ者を弟子や郎党にして伝授し、優秀であれば養子に迎えた。
- And the iegei of a family in a shodaibu or samurai class such as bushi was inherited from parent to child from the cradle by special education, or was inherited to those who were accepted as having the talent and became disciples or roto (retainer), and if they were excellent they were adopted.
- ところが、この戦い中に三好三人衆は義継を拘禁していたが、永禄10年(1567年)2月、義継は三人衆の下を脱出し、松永久秀と和睦し、三人衆に対し共闘するようになる。
- However, Yoshitsugu who had been detained by the three men of the Miyoshi family during this battle, in March and April 1567, escaped from the three men and made peace with Hisahide MATSUNAGA, with whom he formed a joint front against the three men.
- ただ、万葉仮名の「共」を逆説の確定条件を示す接続助詞「ども」や「とも」として用いる例はないので、上のいずれの読み方であっても「ともに寝る」という解釈がされている。
- As '共' (Tomo) of Manyogana (early Japanese syllabary composed of Chinese characters used phonetically) has never been used as conjunctions of 'domo' and 'tomo' indicating fixed conditions of paradox, both of the above reading have been interpreted as 'sleep together.'
- 4月6日の時点では講和条件に異議なしと日本に伝えたが、首相クロートヴィヒ・ツー・ホーエンローエ=シリングスフュルストや外相マーシャルは列強との共同行為を提案した。
- Germany once conveyed its consent to the peace conditions to Japan on April 6, but Germany's then-prime minister, Chlodwig Karl Victor Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, and then-foreign minister, Marshall, proposed a concerted intervention in Japan's affairs with other world powers.
- しかし慶長12年(1607年)、美濃国清水藩の稲葉通重と共に京都の祇園に赴いたとき、茶屋の女房をはじめとする美女七十八名に乱暴狼藉を働いた経緯を家康に咎められた。
- Ieyasu, however, accused Nobunari TSUDA of the incident which, in 1607, he and Michishige INABA from the Shimizu Domain of Mino Province, visited Gion in Kyoto and committed an outrage, sexually abusing seventy-eight beautiful women including the female proprietor of the tea house.
- しかし系図には疑うべき余地も多く、実際には源平合戦の際は井上一族では無く北安曇の仁科氏らと行動を共にしていたので、当時の慣習から見て別の一族であった可能性がある。
- However, because there are uncertain aspects of its genealogy and the Takanashi clan fought in the Genpei War along with the Nishina clan of northern Azumi, not the Inoue clan, the Takanashi clan probably doesn't belong to the Inoue clan, considering the custom of the time.
- その後、上杉謙信の支援を受けて一時的に所領を取り返したが、その後武田と長尾(上杉)の対立(川中島の戦い)の中で他の北信濃国人衆と共に上杉家の家臣化が進んでいった。
- After that, Kenshin UESUGI helped the Takanashi clan to get the manor back, but the Takanashi clan as well as other local lords in northern Shinano became retainers of the Uesugi family during the conflict between Takeda and Nagao (Uesugi) (Kawanakajima War).
- 出発時の雄略天皇の代がいつなのか確定しがたいが、他の浦島伝説での共通点も踏まえ現世では館での3年より遙かに長い時間が流れていたと伝えられることは確実なようである。
- The date of his departure, in the reign of the Emperor Yuryaku, is not determined, but considering other Urashima legends, which have something in common, suggest that time of this world must had passed much faster than that of three years in the palace.
- 他にも尾藤橋、三河橋などに代表される沈下橋の存在や、福知山市施設などでも当時をかたるさまざまな資料が残されており、水害と共に生きてきた市民の歴史を知ることができる。
- Additionally, there is a bridge designed to be submerged during floods, like the Bito-bashi Bridge, Sogo-bashi Bridge, etc., as well as various relics which remain in the facilities of Fukuchiyama City, which tell the history of those citizens who lived with the floods.
- 関連して、中華人民共和国側が天皇に金印を授けようとして側近があわてて断り事なきを得る、事前には訪中は天皇の意思であるという吹聴がなされた、などのエピソードが伝わる。
- In addition, there are other strange stories in connection with this visit as follows: When People's Republic of China tried to confer the Kin-in (the Golden Seal of the King of Japan) to the Emperor, the close aides could narrowly save a difficult situation by hastily refusing the proposal, There was a rumor circulating before the visit that the Emperor himself decided to visit China, and so on.
- 元治元年(1864年)徳川慶喜らが還俗を孝明天皇に願い、同年(元号は文久)正月9日伏見宮に復し同18日勅許をもって復飾し改めて親王宣下と共に、山階宮の宮号を賜った。
- Since Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, et al. asked for his return to secular life to Emperor Komei in 1864, he returned Fushiminomiya on February 16 in the same year, returned to the secular life under an imperial sanction on 25 of the same month, and again received the reigning name of Yamashinanomiya along with the title of Imperial Prince by Imperial order.
- 尊氏が直義の養子足利直冬討伐のために西国向かうと、その隙をついて1351年(正平6年 / 観応2年)に足利義詮を追い京都を奪回するが、尊氏の帰京と共に京を追われる。
- When takauji headed for Saigoku to subjugate Tadafuyu ASHIKAGA, an adopted child of Tadayoshi, Emperor Gomurakami seized the opportunity to expel Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA and regained Kyoto, but when Takauji came back to Kyoto, he was ousted from Kyoto.
- 近世の大和民族は、世界的に見ても識字率が高い民族であり、江戸時代に海外から来日した外国人は、大和民族が身分や男女の別なく文字が読める事を驚きと共に本国に伝えている。
- In modern times, the Yamato race has such a high literacy rate on a global basis that a foreigner who came to Japan in the Edo period reported that he was surprised that the Yamato people were able to read regardless of their status or sex.
- また、この1591年に豊臣秀吉によって出された身分統制令の中にも人掃令と共通する項目があり、その方針の更なる徹底を図ったのが翌年の人掃令発令の意図とする見方もある。
- As the Occupation Control Edict (Mibuntoseirei) TOYOTOMI Hideyoshi ordered in 1591 and the Expulsion Edict have some common policies, some suppose that the Expulsion Edict was issued to increase enforcement of the policy.
- 旧幕府側の武士を中心として明治政府から独立した政権を模索し蝦夷共和国の樹立を宣言するが箱館戦争で、翌明治2年(1869年)5月新政府軍に降伏し、戊辰戦争が終結した。
- Enomoto wanted to form a new state independent from the newly formed Meiji government and based around samurai from the previous bakufu regime, and declared that the Republic of Ezo was established, but lost the Battle of Hakodate, surrendering to the government in May 1869 and ending the Boshin War.
- 東南アジア各地には、煮た穀物を口で唾液と共に噛みつぶし、空気中から野生酵母を取り込んで発酵させて酒を造る、いわゆる日本酒口噛み酒という原始的な醸造法が広く存在した。
- In various regions of Southeast Asia, there was a widespread primitive alcohol brewing method called 'kuchikami no sake' (which literally means 'chewed alcohol'), in which people made alcohol by chewing boiled grains with saliva in their mouths in order to take in wild yeast from the air to ferment the grains and make alcohol.
- 政府は神道国教化の下準備として神仏分離政策を行なったが、明治5年3月14日 (旧暦)(1872年4月21日)のJ省廃止・教部省設置で頓挫し、神仏共同布教体制となった。
- The government advanced the policy of the separation of Buddhism and Shintoism to prepare to establish Shinto as the state religion, but their intention met with a setback due to the abolition of the Jingisho (Ministry of Divinities) and the establishment of the Kyobusho (Ministry of Religion) of April 21, 1872, and they paved the way to the cooperative system for the propagation of Shintoism and Buddhism.
- もともと太上天皇は天皇と同格かつ同等の権限を有するものとされ、最初の太上天皇である持統天皇と文武天皇以来、太上天皇と天皇が共同で執政することは当然のこととされていた。
- Originally, a retired empreor was considered to hold the same and equivalent authority as an emperor, so it was considered natural that the retired emperor and emperor rule together since the first Retired Emperor Jito and Emperor Monmu.
- この説によれば、藤原鎌足を重用した天智天皇は、皇位を天皇家が掌握し、天皇家と姻戚関係を持つ藤原氏がこれを輔佐するという共同執政=輔政体制を代々永続させるように伝えた。
- According to this theory, Emperor Tenchi who gave an important position to Kamatari FUJIWARA, ordered him to perpetuate a joint administration system, that is, an assisted government system that permitted the Emperor's family to grip the Imperial Throne and the Fujiwara clan to assist it.
- この連の姓を名乗る氏族の中で最も有力な者を大連 (古代日本)(おおむらじ)と呼び、臣の姓の氏族の中の有力者である大臣 (古代日本)(おおおみ)と共に国政を預けられた。
- The most influential people among the clans with the kabane of Muraji were called Omuraji (ancient Japan), who were put in charge of the affairs of state along with people called Oomi (ancient Japan), who were the influential people among the clans with the kabane of Omi.
- 鉄道部はその後も鉄道整備を推進し淡水線 (台湾鉄路管理局)、宜蘭線、屏東線、東港線などを建設すると共に、私鉄路線であった台東南線(現台東線の一部)、平渓線を買収した。
- The Railway Ministry continued to develop the railway system, constructing the Tnasui Line (Taiwan Railroad Administration), Giran Line, Heito Line, and Toko Line as well as purchasing the Taitong Southern Line (currently a part of Taitong Line) and Ping Hsi Line.
- 秩序罰としての過料には、民事上の義務違反に対するもの、民事訴訟上の義務違反に対するもの、行政上の義務違反に対するもの、地方公共団体の条例・規則違反に対するものがある。
- Karyo as Chitsujo-batsu (a punishment for disturbing administrative order) includes a fine for violation of one's obligations or duties in civil affairs, for violation of one's obligations or duties in civil suit, for violation of one's obligations or duties in administrative matters and for violation of local public entities ordinances and regulations.
- 火縄を用いないため運用が楽になったが、フリントロック式では命中精度は火縄銃並以下、パーカッション式は、命中精度、射程距離共に火縄銃と変わらないが、雨中でも使用できた。
- This type of gun was easier to use because it didn't use a match cord to light the powder, but by using the flintlock system, the accuracy of gunfire was lower than match cord guns; using the percussion lock system, the accuracy of fire and the shooting distance were almost equal to match cord guns, but guns could be used even in the rain.
- 以仁王の乱(治承4年(1180年))で、祖父源頼政と父源兼綱を討たれた源顕綱は母と共に三河国額田郡大河内郷(現在の東名高速道路の岡崎インターチェンジの辺り)に落ちた。
- MINAMOTO no Akitsuna, who lost his grandfather MINAMOTO no Yorimasa and father MINAMOTO no Kanetsuna in the War of Prince Mochihito of 1180, fled to Okochi-go, Nukata County, in Mikawa Province (now near the Okazaki interchange of the Tomei Highway) with his mother.
- 京都市交通局(市バス)・京阪京都交通・京都バス・京阪バス・阪急バス・西日本JRバスとの間では、従来より回数券の共通化を行っており、地下鉄割引券込みの物も販売されていた。
- The common commuter ticket has been utilized by Kyoto Municipal Transportation Bureau (City Bus), Keihan Kyoto Kotsu, Kyoto Bus Co., Ltd., Keihan Bus Co., Ltd., Hankyu Bus Co., Ltd. and West JR Bus Company, and bus tickets with discount subway coupons have been sold.
- 日本共産党は2004年に綱領を改正し、元首化・統治者化を認めないという条件の下、天皇制の是非については主権在民の思想に基づき国民が判断すべきである、という趣旨に改めた。
- The Japanese Communist Party amended their policy and although they do not accept any head of state or ruler, about the Tennosei, they decided to leave it to the people because the sovereignty rests with the people.
- 具体的な施策として総督府は地籍整理、公債発行、統一貨幣と度量衡の制定以外に、多くの産業インフラの整備を行うと共に、専売制度と地方税制の改革による財政の建て直しを図った。
- The measures taken by the Sotoku-fu included the land registry readjustment, issuing of public bonds, formulation of standard currency and weights and measures systems as well as financial reforms by introducing monopoly system and local tax system.
- 一般的なカレンダーなどにはこれまで広く用いられてきたが、行政をはじめとする公共機関が作成するカレンダーでは使用せず、掲載を取り止めるよう行政指導を行っている機関もある。
- It has been widely used in ordinary calendars, but has not been used in calendars made by public institutions like government and some public institutions provide administrative guidance to order not to list it.
- 比企広域市町村圏域内公共図書館の相互利用協定により、東松山市、滑川町、小川町、ときがわ町、川島町、吉見町、鳩山町、秩父郡東秩父村に住まい・通学通勤している者なら利用可能。
- The library is available to any person who lives in, or commutes to Higashimatsuyama City, Namegawa-machi, Ogawa-machi, Tokigawa-machi, Kawashima-machi, Yoshimi-machi, Hatoyama-machi and Higashichichibu-mura in Chichibu-gun, under the agreement for mutual use of public library within the larger municipal area in the Hiki area.
- 現在は大きく2つの港に分れており、東港が海上自衛隊舞鶴地方総監部が鎮座する軍港、西港が中華人民共和国・大韓民国・ロシアなどへの定期航路をもつ国際貿易港として発展している。
- It is largely divided into two ports--East Port and West Port; East Port is a navy port where the Maritime Self-Defense Force Maizuru District Headquarters is located; West Port has been developed as an international trade port having regular services heading to and from countries such as the People's Republic of China, Republic of Korea, and Russian Federation.
- また、才覚よりも家格を官職就任の最優先の要件とするという見解は、南北朝時代 (日本)の北畠親房による一連の著作とも共通しており、親房は同書の影響を受けたとする見方もある。
- Additionally, Motochika's position to prioritize the family's social standing rather than talent for the appointment of the government posts coincided with Chikafusa KITABATAKE's series of books in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts; some believe that Chikafusa had been influenced by the Kanshoku Hisho.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)により、天皇家と公家勢力の権力及その権威が低下すると共に、足利幕府の成立以来、足利将軍家の権威は天皇家に迫り、実質的に日本の君主としての役割を担った。
- Due to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), the power and authority of the Imperial Family and Court noble declined, and at the same time, the Ashikaga Shogun Family's authority advanced on that of the Imperial Family and he practically served the role of the monarch of Japan.
- 共和演説事件(きょうわえんぜつじけん)は、第1次大隈内閣(隈板内閣)の文部大臣であった尾崎行雄が1898年8月21日に行った演説が問題となり、内閣瓦解の発端となった事件。
- The Republican Speech Affair was an event that the speech, which Education Minister Yukio OZAKI of the first Okuma Cabinet (the Wai-han Cabinet) made on August 21, 1898, caused a trouble and triggered a collapse of the Cabinet.
- また、この争乱は、一族や家族、地域の共同体という横の絆と、主君と家臣という縦の絆の相克があり、命を懸けて戦った武士の全てが源氏や平氏という特定氏族に収斂されるわけでもない。
- Additionally, this war was a conflict between the ties amongst clan, family, and regional community, and the ties between lords and vassals, and all of the warriors who fought for their lives can not simply be classified into specific clans such as Minamoto or Taira.
- ついで元明は王臣・百官人の輔佐で食国天下の政事を行いたいとしてから、「天地と共に長く改めない常の典と立て賜える食国の法も、傾くことなく動くことなく渡り去るように」と述べた。
- In continuation, Genmei expresses his intention to undertake the governance of the nation (Osukuni amenoshita no matsurikoto) counting on the assistance of her grand ministers and hundreds of officials and states 'to hand down the reign by securing the lay of the nation's governance, which is also irreversible like the universe and deemed as the permanent code, without decline nor oscillation.'
- ペリーは共和党 (アメリカ)のミラード・フィルモア大統領から海軍の作戦行動として日本との条約締結を命じられるが、アメリカでは交戦権が上院に属するため、発砲は禁止されていた。
- Perry had been ordered by Republican president Millard FILLMORE on a naval mission to conclude a treaty with Japan, but was prohibited from any act of belligerency without senate approval.
- 山鹿は朱子学を批判したが、制度により共同体がつくられ所属する人間に倫理を担わせると考えるのは現実には学校という制度で今日も生きており、逆に山鹿の考え方は少数派となっている。
- Though Yamaga criticized Shushigaku, the thought that people were responsible to the ethics of a community made by a system to which they belonged, remains in the current school system, while the thought propogated by Yamaga is in the minority.
- この地方統治構造の変化と共に登場した武士は、その初期の一部において、例えば平将門などのように豪族的な性格を持つものであるが、古代史と同様な意味合いでの豪族しては扱われない。
- Samurai appeared along with this change in the structure of local governance, and some had a character of Gozoku like TAIRA no Masakado, in part of the initial stages, but were not treated as Gozoku in the meaning same as that in the ancient history.
- これは御成敗式目が武家法・公家法に共通する法観念や「徳治」理念を抱合した法令という意味で公家法と対峙可能な法令だからであり、社会に広く受け入れられるものであったからである。
- That was because the Goseibai-shikimoku was comparable to the court noble law and widely accepted in the society since it incorporated the legal conception and 'tokuchi' doctrine (a doctrine for administration based on moral or humanity) common to the samurai law and court noble law.
- よって、古代の賎民と中世以降の被差別民、さらに近代以降被差別部落と呼ばれるようになった江戸時代の被差別民共同体との歴史的連続性はなく、性質の異なる起源を有したと考えられる。
- Therefore, it can be concluded that the ancient lowly persons and those discriminated after the medieval period as well as communities of discriminated people during the Edo period which came to be called burakumin (people come from or live in special hamlets) in the modern period and after were not connected historically and had different origins.
- 観光大使として、松島には「松島キャンペーンレディ」、天橋立には「プリンセス天橋立」、宮島には「宮島観光親善大使」がおり、日本三景共同キャンペーンの際などに一緒に活動している。
- As kankotaishi (literally, ambassador for sightseeing), Matsushima has 'Matsushima campaign lady,' Amanohashidate has 'Princess of Amanohashidate' and Miyajima has 'Miyajima sightseeing and goodwill ambassador,' and they play an active role together on the occasion of joint campaign for Nihon Sankei and so on.
- 今日では、北大路通や京都市営地下鉄京都市営地下鉄烏丸線北大路駅周辺の街が北大路と呼ばれている(駅に併設した商業・公共複合施設は「キタオオジタウン」という愛称で呼ばれている)。
- Currently, the city around Kitaoji-dori Street and Kitaoji Station, Kyoto Municipal Subway Karasuma Line is called Kitaoji (The commercial and multi-public facilities built in annex to the station is nicknamed as 'Kitaoji Town').
- しかし現在では漆の98%が中華人民共和国産の輸入品へと移り変わり、日本国内の漆の産地はほんのわずかしか残されていないものの、福知山ではその伝統と歴史が細々と受け継がれている。
- However, 98% of lacquer has been replaced by goods made in and imported from the People's Republic of China at present, and only a few lacquer production areas remain in Japan; thus their tradition and history are being handed down on a smaller scale.
- これを賄うために、朝廷は専売制度を復活させて財政の立て直しを図る共に、国家の直接所有地(官田)を設定して民間に貸し出し、小作料である高税率の公課(租)を徴収するようになった。
- To cover them, the Imperial Court restored monopolization and tried to rebuild the finances and established areas which were under the direct control of the state (kanden) to lease them to private hands and collected a high-rate tax as a farm rent.
- 江戸時代には商人資本の成長や農村への商品経済の浸透、それらによる身分制の変質など、村落共同体の動揺は一揆や打ちこわしを招き、幕府や諸藩は幕政改革や藩政改革を行い再編を試みる。
- During the Edo period, the growth of merchant capital and the penetration of the commodity economy to agricultural villages contributed to the transformation of the hierarchy of village communities, which, however, caused such turmoils in the community as uprising peasants and destructive riots, and compelled both Bakufu (shogunate) government and Han (local domain) governments to try to reform their political systems.
- また、上記とは別に戦後京都大学人文科学研究所(京大人文研)にて頻繁に共同研究会を開き、活発な討論を行っていた一派も、京都学派と呼ばれるが、上記の京都学派とは直接の関係はない。
- Moreover, apart from the above, a group which frequently held collaborative research in the Institute for Research in the Humanities, Kyoto University, and actively held discussions after the war is also called the Kyoto school, but is not directly related with the above Kyoto school.
- その子江戸通房の代には上杉禅秀の乱が勃発し、鎌倉公方足利持氏についた通房は、禅秀方に味方して共に没落した大掾氏の一族の馬場氏の拠点である馬場城(後の水戸城)の近辺に所領を得た。
- When the War of Zenshu UESUGI occurred, Michikage's son Michifusa supported Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, the then-Kamakura kubo, and gained a territory near the Baba-jo Castle (later Mito-jo Castle) owned by the Baba clan, a family of the Daijo clan who sided with Zenshu and fell.
- 日本民族(にほんみんぞく)という言葉は、一つには日本の国籍や日本列島にルーツを持つ全ての文化的集団(エスニック・グループ)を統合した政治的共同体(ネーション)を表す概念である。
- The term 'Japanese race' expresses a notion of a political community (nation) which embodies all cultural groups (ethnic groups) that possess a Japanese nationality and/or roots in the Japanese archipelago.
- 朝鮮側における密貿易の担い手は三浦周辺住民・地元商人・漢城大商であったが、中でも三浦周辺住民と恒居倭の癒着ぶりは「相親相愛, 不啻如兄弟, 言語飮食, 利害緩急, 無不共之。」
- The major Korean participants in the illegal trading were residents around Sanpo, local merchants, and major merchants in Hansung, and the relationship between the residents around Sanpo and kokyowa was specially described as follows:
- 神護景雲3年(769年)5月、不破内親王は県犬養姉女、忍坂女王、石田女王ら女官と共に孝謙天皇称徳天皇を呪詛して命を縮め志計志麻呂を皇位につけようとする巫蠱の術を行ったとされた。
- It is said that the Imperial Princess Fuwa performed an occult act (巫蠱の術) together with court ladies including AGATA no Unukai no amane, Oshisaka no himemiko and Ishida no himemiko to curse the Emperor Koken and the Emperor Shotoku to shorten their lives in order to put Shikeshimaro on the imperial throne.
- 樺太は、幕末から明治初頭にかけての不平等条約で一旦喪失したが、1905年調印のポーツマス条約により、緯度50度線以南が日本領に復帰した(もともと共通法で内地とされ準内地的扱い。
- Although Japan once lost its sovereignty over Sakhalin as a result of unequal treaties signed from the end of the Edo period to the early Meiji period, the southern area below latitude 50 degrees was reverted to Japan after the Treaty of Portsmouth in 1905 (it was originally defined as the inland by the Common law and was treated as a quasi-territory.
- 当時、中央集権体制を進めるために廃藩置県の必要があることは政府内の共通認識となっていたが、その実施に向けた方策について急進的な木戸孝允と漸進的な大久保利通との対立が続いていた。
- Although there was a shared understanding within the government at that time that Haihan-chiken had to be carried out in order to move towards a centralized administrative system, Takayoshi KIDO (who insisted on radical reform) and Toshimichi OKUBO (who insisted on moderate reform) continued to hold differing views concerning practical procedures.
- また「村重に反意あり」としていた細川藤孝は、「君に引く荒木ぞ弓の筈ちがい、居るにいられぬ有岡の城」という歌を詠んで、突然城と家族を捨て茶道具と共に夜逃げした荒木村重を皮肉った。
- Fujitaka HOSOKAWA, who had believed that 'Murashige had an intention to raise rebellion,' criticized Murashige ARAKI, who suddenly abandoned the castle and family and did a moonlight flit with tea utensils, by composing a tanka meaning 'Although Araki drew a bow against his lord, but a nock was out of order, he could not stay in Arioka-jo Castle.'
- 1965年12月19日、三木らは中央本部からの中止勧告を無視する形で日本共産党の支持のもとに第13回府連大会の開催を強行し、三木を委員長とする府連体制(三木府連)を築き上げた。
- On December 19, 1965, supported by the Japanese Communist Party, Miki and others forced the 13th Kyoto Federation meeting, ignoring the recommendation for cancellation by the Headquarter, to establish the Kyoto Federation system (Miki Furen, Miki faction's Federation) with Miki as a chairman.
- 外国語で意味が近いものに「coquetterie」「esprit」などを挙げたが、形式を抽象化することによって導き出される類似・共通点をもって文化の理解としてはならないとした。
- While he mentioned that foreign words such as 'coquetterie' and 'esprit' have a similar meaning, he argued that common or similar points derived through the abstraction of forms should not be used to understand a culture.
- 古代日本における歌垣は、特定の日時と場所に老若男女が集会し、共同飲食しながら歌を掛け合う呪的信仰に立つ行事であり、互いに求愛歌を掛け合いながら、対になり恋愛関係になるとされる。
- In ancient Japan, the custom of utagaki was practiced as an event based on a magical belief of the people, irrespective of age and sex, who gathered on a fixed time and day at a specific place to exchange courtship songs while eating and drinking together in order to form couples who may eventually fall in love.
- 日本の気象庁の観測では、1967年の観測開始以降、2002年に黄砂観測の日数・延べ日数が共に最多を記録したが、年ごとの変化が大きいため長期的な変化傾向ははっきりと判明していない。
- The Japan Meteorological Agency has observed kosa since 1967, and the data obtained there shows the following: Both the number of kosa occurrences and the total number of days when kosa was observed were maximum in 2002, but the long-term trend is not clear because the data changed considerably depending on the year.
- 真人は、継体天皇より数えて5世以内の世代の氏に与えられたといわれ、皇子・諸王につぐ皇親氏族を特定したので、飛鳥浄御原令で官位を皇子・諸王と貴族(諸臣)とで区別したことと共通する。
- It is said that the rank of Mahito is given to clans that are within the fifth generation from the Emperor Keitai and in this way clans close to the Imperial Family that are next to princes, princes who did not receive any proclamation to be an Imperial prince were specified; this method is common with the Asuka Kiyomihara Code (a collection of governing rules compiled and promulgated in 689 [late Asuka period]) in which the Code distinguished the official rank between princes, princes who did not receive any proclamation to be an imperial prince and nobles who served the Emperor.
- 宗族制度がいつごろ活期を迎えたかについては定説がないが、春秋あるいは戦国初期のころには原始共同体が完全に解体され、邑を中心として貴族支配が確立されていたとする見方が一般的である。
- There is no accepted theory on when the Sozoku system reached its zenith, but the generally accepted view is that the system broke down in the Chunqiu or Zhangguo period and rule by nobility was established with Mura at its core.
- しかし当時の船は航海力も攻撃力も未熟であり、陸上への依存が強いため水陸共同防御戦術は有効に機能し、以降の李舜臣の攻撃は戦果があがらず精彩を欠くようになり、出撃も滞ることとなった。
- However, as vessels at that time were immature both in capability for navigation and combat power and they were dependent to support from the land, the joint defense by navy and army worked effectively and, after that, attacks by Yi Sun-sin could not achieve good results in battle and became lackluster and the number of sorties decreased.
- 今まで農業協同組合(金融部門)は、貸付残高を増やすために戸別の農業機械導入を進めていたが、貸付リスクの少ない共有化に貸付の方向を変えており、棚田の農業システムに変化が起きている。
- Previously agricultural cooperatives (financial sector) were encouraging the introduction of agricultural machines to individual households for the purpose of increasing the amount of loan outstanding, but they have begun to shift their lending to collective ownership of machines which accompanies less credit risk, and such a shift is bringing about a change in the agricultural system in connection with Tanada.
- 忘年会(ぼうねんかい)とは、組織や集団が一年の終わりにその一年間を振り返り、その間の苦労をねぎらい、忘れると共に新たな一年に向けて気持ちを新たにするために行われる年中行事である。
- Bonenkai (literally, forget-the-year party) is an annual event held at the end of the year by an organization or group to give those attending a chance to look back at the past year and show their appreciation for the hardships they have each endured, before forgetting the current year and committing themselves to making a fresh start in the upcoming year.
- また雅楽には君主の長久を祝うめでたい曲として、千秋楽と共に萬歳楽(まんざいらく)という曲が伝えられていて、ここから千秋萬歳(せんずまんざい)となり、単に萬歳となったともいわれる。
- Also in gagaku (ancient Japanese court dance and music), the song called 'manzairaku' as well as 'senshuraku' to celebrate the longevity of the lord had been carried on, from which the name allegedly became 'senzumanzai,' and simply 'manzai.'
- このほか、現代において作られた箏として1969年に作曲家三木稔と箏曲家野坂恵子が共同開発した二十絃箏(実際は21本の絃がある)、それから二十五絃箏、三十絃、三十二絃箏などがある。
- Other than the above, various types of Soh were invented recently such as nijugen-Soh (20-stringed Soh, actually it was 21-stringed), which was jointly developed by composer Minoru MIKI and Soh musician Keiko NOSAKA in 1969, nijugogen-Soh (25-stringed Soh), sanjugen-Soh (30-stringed Soh) and sanjunigen-Soh (32-stringed Soh).
- これはきわめて精緻に作られた合奏音楽と言え、雅楽の管絃やガムランなどと共に、西洋音楽のポリフォニー(多音性)とは異なるヘテロフォニー(異音性)の端的な例として挙げることができる。
- This sankyoku gasso can be called a very scrupulously made ensemble, and along with other music, such as the wind and string music of Gagaku (ancient Japanese court music), or Gamelan (Indonesian music), it's typical heterophony, being different from the polyphony of Western music.
- 地域によって様々な違いがあるが、2~6名程度の人間が乗り込んで内部の太鼓を叩き、その太鼓の音に合わせて掛け声をかけ、数十人~百人以上で担ぎ上げ、練り歩くという形式は共通している。
- The taikodai shows a wide regional variation in the form and the style, but has a common style that two to six men get into the taikodai and beat the drum placed in it, providing the rhythm that guides dozens to more than one hundred men below who shoulder the taikodai and parade through their parishes, shouting a call synchronized exactly with the drum beat.
- しかしその一方で戦国期に復興した天皇の権威は、鎌倉幕府を模範とした独立型の幕府としたはずなのに、世の中の安定と共に大日本史の編纂を契機にして江戸幕府の朝廷からの委任論が大きくなる。
- On the other hand, authorities of the Emperor, which were restored in the Sengoku period, once turned into an independent-type bakufu which was modeled on the Kamakura bakufu; however, along with the stability of lives and editing of the Great Japanese History, the delegation from the Imperial Court of the Edo bakufu became larger.
- かりんとうは、小麦粉を砂糖・水・酵母や、食塩、重曹などと共に練り合わせ、棒状に成形してつくった生地を植物油で揚げ、黒砂糖や上白糖でつくった蜜でからめて乾燥させた駄菓子の一種である。
- Karinto is a type of sweets and the recipe is as follows: Knead wheat flour together with other ingredients such as sugar, water, yeast, salt and baking soda into a ball of dough, fry the dough rolled into a long thin stick in vegetable oil, coat with syrup made from brown sugar or superfine sugar and dry.
- ルイス・フロイスの言を借りると十六世紀後半の紀伊は神道・仏教への信仰が強く、四つか五つの宗教がそれぞれ「大いなる共和国的存在」であり、いかなる戦争によっても滅ぼされることはなかった。
- According to the words of Luis FROIS, the people in Kii Province in the latter part of the 16th century had a strong belief in Shinto and Buddhism, and all of the four or five religions were 'big existences like a republic,' which was not destroyed by any war.
- 市制施行40周年を迎えた1997年、市民から表記の混在を少なくしようという運動が起こったため、市は多くの公共機関に対して市名として用いる時の「五条」を「五條」と改めるよう要望を行った。
- In 1997, the 40th anniversary of the enforcement of the municipal organization, the city requested many public organizations to revise '五条' to '五條' when using it as a city name; this is because there was a campaign to reduce the misuse of the descriptions that occurred among the citizens.
- 足利義輝が永禄の変(永禄8年・1565年)で殺害されると、松井正之の子松井康之は、同じく足利将軍家に仕えていた細川幽斎(幽斎)と共に、義輝の弟・足利義昭を将軍に擁立するために行動する。
- When Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA was killed in the Eiroku Incident (1565), a son of Masayuki MATSUI, Yasuyuki MATSUI, took action with Yusai HOSOKAWA to back up Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, the younger brother of Yoshiteru, to make him the next shogun.
- 平氏家人打倒を共通の目的として頼朝麾下に集結した関東武士団連合も、本来的には所領をめぐり潜在的な対立関係にあったのであり、敵対勢力の排除や淘汰にともなって徐々に結合が弱まり始めていた。
- Even the association of the Kanto Samurai Group, the gathered troops under Yoritomo's command with the common purpose of defeating Heishi Iebito (server of Taira clan), originally had an adversarial relationship with Yoritomo over shoryo (territory), and their solidarity began to erode as the opposing forces were eliminated or dismissed.
- 洞(うつろ)とは、室町時代後期から安土桃山時代にかけて、現在の東北地方及び関東地方の戦国大名に見られた形態で惣領である当主を中心に一族・家臣をまとめた擬似的要素のある族縁共同体のこと。
- Utsuro was a quasi family-related community from the late Muromachi period to the Azuchi-Momoyama period that organized family members and vassals around the head of the family, called soryo (heir); organizations such as these were seen among Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) in the Tohoku and Kanto regions.
- 堀沿いには白壁の土蔵や旧家が建ち並び、「近江八幡市八幡伝統的建造物群保存地区」として「新町通り」・「永原町通り」・「日牟禮八幡宮境内地」と共に重要伝統的建造物群保存地区に選定されている。
- The canal is lined with storehouses with white earth and mortar walls and merchant homes and is designated as a part of 'Omi Hachiman City Preservation District for Groups of Historic Hachiman Buildings,' together with 'Shinmachi-dori,' 'Nagahara-cho dori' and 'Himure-hachimangu Shrine.'
- 援軍として派遣されていた佐賀藩兵と共同で防衛戦を行うも劣勢で、特に庄内藩には領内深くまで攻め込まれ久保田城の支城までが落とされたが、新政府軍の増援が来着したことで優勢となり反撃を行った。
- The Akita Domain, together with the samurai warriors of the Saga Domain deployed as reinforcements, fought a defensive war, but fell behind; the Shonai Domain in particular advanced deep into the Akita Domain and even captured subsidiary castles of Kubota Castle; the Akita Domain, however, prevailed due to the arrival of reinforcements from the new government's forces, and launched a counterattack.
- 更に、平氏政権も頼朝政権も共に「院政の克服」という歴史的課題を背負い、その中から生じた政権であることなどから、歴史学上はこの呼称は適切とは言えず、年号を付して呼ぶ方が妥当であるとされる。
- In addition, both the Taira clan government and the Yoritomo government had a historic problem, 'controlling Insei' (government by cloistered emperors), and were governments that occurred because of this situation, therefore this term is not appropriate historically and it is considered appropriate to add the era/year.
- 各地で半旗が掲揚された他、全国のテレビ・ラジオ放送(NHK教育テレビ・NHKラジオ第二を除く)も終夜報道特別番組が編成され、テレビコマーシャルが自粛、公共広告機構のCMに差し替えられた。
- People flew a flag at half-mast throughout the country, and national TV and radio broadcasting stations (except NHK Educational Television and NHK Radio 2) organized special program schedules for the whole day with the voluntary replacement of TV commercials with advertisements of the Japan Ad Council.
- 実際にその東国武家集団は北条得宗家の被官として、赤松氏と共に播磨や摂津・南河内・和泉など北条氏の守護国などに得宗領に移住した事項があるので、そのまま、土着したのではないかと言われている。
- It has been recorded that as the hikan (a low-level bureaucrat) of the Tokuso Family of the Hojo clan, Togoku Samurai in fact moved to their Shugo's territory, such as Harima, Minamikawachi, and Izumi, it is thought that they may have settled down in these areas.
- 同じく閑院流阿野実顕の子、姉小路公景が慶長18年(1613年)に新たな姉小路家を起こす(ちなみに阿野家も1.の姉小路家共々南朝方について一度は没落したが、後に勢力を回復させた家系である)。
- Kinkage ANEGAKOJI, the son of Saneaki ANO of the Kanin line established a new Anegakoji family in 1613 (note that the Ano family was ruined like the Anegakoji family (1) after supporting the southern dynasty, but subsequently managed to recover power).
- 「(中略)私の皇室に対する考え方は、天皇及び皇族は、国民と苦楽を共にすることに努め、国民の幸せを願いつつ務めを果たしていくことが(中略)、皇室の伝統ではないかと考えているということです。」
- (omission of a sentence) I believe that it is not only the tradition of the Imperial household but also my ideal image of the Emperor and the Imperial family to discharge duties while praying for the nation's happiness, as well as trying to share joys and sorrows with the nation.'
- しかし、現在の研究では双方共に被害を出していることが判明していることから、日本側もある程度まとまった兵力を投入できた局面などでは、一方的に圧倒されたわけではないケースもあったと考えられる。
- However, present studies have confirmed that both parties suffered damage, and therefore, there would have been cases in which Japan could employ a fairly large number of warriors and fought well.
- また、株仲間には代金不払いなどの不正を行った仲買の情報を共有し、仲間内の商取引を一切停止するといった懲罰を加えることにより、幕府などの公権力の代わりに債権と契約履行を保証する役割があった。
- Also, kabunakama had a role to guarantee the recovery of debts and performance of contracts by sharing the information of brokers who committed an injustice like default in payment and imposing disciplinary actions such as suspension of trading among the group.
- 艶麗さと古雅な味いを共存させ、寂びた風情には捨てがたいものがあるが、惜しむらくは常磐津と清元のあいだにあって独自性が発揮できなかったために、歴史の流れに打ち克つことができなかったのである。
- Although its elegant simplicity, arising from the combination of eroticism and antique flavor, has a charm all its own, it has failed to show its uniqueness against Tokiwazu and Kiyomoto and therefore cannot resist the tide of history.
- 現在でも、法令上は元号とグレゴリオ暦と共に神武天皇即位紀元が使用されており、例えば閏年の置き方はグレゴリオ暦ではなく神武天皇即位紀元を元に決められている(明治31年5月10日勅令第90号)。
- Even now, Jinmu Tenno Sokui Kigen is legally used together with gengo and the Gregorian calendar and, for example, the style of placing intercalary years is determined based not on the Gregorian calendar but on Jinmu Tenno Sokui Kigen (Imperial Edict No. 90 issued on May 10, 1898).
- 塩松の伝承に拠れば、奥羽まで管轄下に置く事になった鎌倉公方・足利氏満によって1392年宇都宮氏が塩松に入部してきたが、反発する奥州探題・大崎詮持が1400年に葛西満信らと共に宇都宮氏を追討。
- According to the legend of Shionomatsu, the Utsunomiya clan, dispatched by Ujimitsu ASHIKAGA, Kamakura kubo (Governor-general of the Kamakura region) who placed Ou under his jurisdiction, entered Shionomatsu in 1392, but rebellious Akimochi OSAKI, Oshu Tandai (supervisor for the civil government and military affairs in Oshu), in cooperation with Mitsunobu KASAI, searched out and killed the Utsunomiya clan in 1400.
- また、家遠の子、塩谷維弘は、一ノ谷の戦いに参戦し、奥州合戦にて戦死し、維弘の子、塩谷維盛とその子である塩谷維光は、共に建暦3年(1213年)5月2日の和田合戦時に討死にしたと伝えられている。
- Ieto's son Korehiro SHIONOYA joined the Battle of Ichi no tani and was killed in the Battle of Oshu, while Korehiro's son, Koremori SHIONOYA, and his son Koremitsu SHIONOYA were killed together in the Battle of WADA on May 30, 1213.
- (風姿花伝は能楽論であり茶の本は茶道論であるが、共に芸道論ではない。仮に風姿花伝を外国語訳で紹介することを考えた場合、題名を能楽論とすることは不自然ではないが芸道論とするのは適切ではない。)
- (Fushikaden is a discussion on Noh, Cha no hon is a discussion on the tea ceremony however, neither is a treatise as such. For example, on occasions when people have thought about introducing Fushikaden in foreign languages, it has been felt that giving the book a title of 'Treatise on Noh drama' would be unnatural and, not appropriate for it to be called a treatise on the arts.)
- これ以外にも独自に護身術としての合気道の可能性を研究する合気道家や独立会派も複数有り、総合格闘技や空手の中に合気道と共通の技や捌きが見られることから、護身術としての有用性を見出す意見もある。
- There are various other aikido practitioners and independent factions that study the possibilities of aikido as an art of self-defense, and since there are techniques and movements in mixed martial arts and karate that are common to those of aikido, some consider it useful as an art of self-defense.
- 文化学術研究地区とは、文化学術研究施設・文化学術研究交流施設を整備し、公共施設・公益的施設・住宅施設などを整備すべき地区で、関係府県知事が作成した建設に関する計画によってその区域が定められる。
- A cultural and academic research zone indicates the area that is included in the construction plans compiled by the prefectural governors concerned and where public facilities, facilities for public benefits and housing facilities are to be constructed in addition to scientific research facilities and facilities for promoting exchange of scientific researches.
- コーネル大学のアジア研究者ジョーン・ピゴットは、このような女性天皇と男性摂政というとりあわせを、祭祀の責務と行政の責務のあいだの対位法的な関係をベースにした相補型の共同統治であると述べている。
- Joan R. Piggott, a scholar of Asian studies at Cornell University, describes this combination of a female Emperor and a male regent as a complimentary type condominium based on a contrapuntal relationship between a responsibility of a religious service and a responsibility of public administration.
- 明代、国家教学となった朱子学は、科挙合格という世俗的な利益のためにおこなわれ、また体制側でも郷村での共同体倫理確立に朱子学を用い、道徳的実践を重んじた聖人の学としての本質を損なうようになった。
- During the Ming Dynasty, Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism) became the national education and learning was practiced for worldly profit to pass the Kakyo, and was used by the establishment to create community morals in autonomous villages, causing the learning of the saints, which valued moral practice, to deteriorate.
- 実家の佐竹氏に戻った義広は名を「蘆名盛重」と改めて、常陸江戸崎城主となる(江戸崎藩)が、関ヶ原の戦いの際には、旗幟を鮮明にしなかった実兄・佐竹義宣 (右京大夫)と行動を共にしたために改易した。
- Yoshihiro returned to his parents' family, renamed himself Morishige ASHINA and became the lord of Edosaki-jo Castle (in the Edosaki Domain), but he was deprived of his territory because he acted in concert with his elder brother, Yoshinobu SATAKE (also known as Ukyo Daibu), without taking a clear stand during the Battle of Sekigahara.
- 試合は実際に斬りあうのではなく、段位ごとに、各流派の形ならびに、各流派が集まる団体では共通の制定した形を加え、演武としての業前(形)を審判の旗の掲示による多数決や採点で評価することで執り行う。
- In the game of iaido, performers don't kill each other but instead perform each school's kata; and if the organization includes several schools, an established kata also, whereupon they're evaluated on the performance of wazamae (kata) and judged by majority vote using flags or grades.
- そこで、総裁局顧問の木戸孝允が、天皇が天神地祗(てんじんちぎ。分かり易く言えば神)を祀り、神前で公卿・諸侯を率いている状態で共に誓いかつ全員が署名するという形式を提案し、採用されることとなった。
- Therefore general bureau adviser Takayoshi KIDO proposed another form that the emperor pray to tenjinchigi (the gods of heaven and earth) as leader of Kugyo and lords, then pledge and sign together with them, and the proposal was adopted.
- 同時に、医療先進地として舞鶴医療センター(旧国立舞鶴病院)・舞鶴共済病院・舞鶴赤十字病院・市立舞鶴市民病院・自衛隊病院などの大規模病院があり、日常的に近隣市町村のみならず広域からの人口流入が多い。
- At the same time, as a medically advanced region, it has large hospitals, such as Maizuru Medical Center (former national Maizuru Hospital), Maizuru Kyosai Hospital, Maizuru Red Cross Hospital, Maizuru Municipal Hospital, and Self-Defense Forces Maizuru Hospital that result in a big population flow not only from the vicinity towns and villages but from a wide range of area on the routine basis.
- かつてのソ連や、中華人民共和国など、共産圏の多民族国家での、分離主義を抑制し、強い政治的統合を意図した用語である、ソヴィエト民族、中華民族といった呼称については、日本語でも民族の語で訳されている。
- Terms such as the 'Soviet race' or the 'Chinese race', which were employed by multiethnic states in the communist bloc such as the former Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China with an intention of suppressing the separatism in order to maintain the tight political integration, are translated into Japanese using the term 'minzoku' which means race.
- そこには義嗣とともに現管領細川満元、元管領斯波義教をはじめ、畠山満慶、赤松義則、土岐康政、山名時熙、更に公家の山科教高、日野持光らが共謀して上杉氏憲に呼応して義持打倒を計画していたと言うのである。
- The report said that together with Yoshitsugu, there were the present kanrei, Mitsumoto HOSOKAWA and a former kanrei Yoshinori SHIBA, Mitsunori HATAKEYAMA, Yoshinori AKAMATSU, Yasumasa TOKI, Tokihiro YAMANA and also the court nobles such as Noritaka YAMASHINA and Mochimitsu HINO conspired and plotted to overthrow Yoshimochi working together with Ujinori UESUGI..
- しかし地歌や浄瑠璃などの三味線音楽や箏曲の発展と共に次第に下火となり、波多野流は断絶、前田流は江戸時代中期に名古屋の荻野検校によって中興し、この流派のみがこんにちまで名古屋と仙台に伝えられている。
- However, they had gradually cooled down as Shamisen music and sokyoku (koto music) such as Jiuta (a genre of traditional songs with samisen accompaniment) and Joruri (dramatic narrative chanted to a samisen accompaniment) developed, and the Hatano-ryu was put to an end while the Maeda-ryu was restored by Kengyo OGINO in Nagoya in the middle of the Edo period, and only this school has been handed down to the present in Nagoya and Sendai.
- 『日本書紀』天智10年(671年)11月の条に、「大友皇子は左大臣蘇我赤兄臣・右大臣中臣金連・蘇我果安臣・巨勢人臣・紀大人臣ら五人の高官と共に宮殿の西殿の織物仏の前で「天皇の詔」を守ることを誓った。
- According to the entry in the 'Nihonshoki' in the Eleventh Month of the Tenth Year of Emperor Tenchi, 'Prince Otomo promised to obey the 'Imperial Edict' in front of '織物仏' placed in the west edifice in the palace with five other high officials: SOGA no Akaeomi who was the Sadaijin (the Minister of the Left), NAKATOMI no Kanenomuraji who was the Udaijin (the Minister of Right), SOGA no Hatayasu, KOSE no Hitoomi, and KI no Ushinoomi.'
- 水野は、6、7世紀には大王一人が君臨する体制ではなく、大王を含めた支配グループが共同あるいは分業で統治する体制があったと想定し、天智天皇はこのような大王(天皇)のあり方を変えようとしたのだと考えた。
- MIZUNO supposed that in the 6th and 7th century, there was a ruling system in which the country was not reigned by only one Okimi (great king) but was ruled by a group of rulers including Okimi, based on the division of domains, and that Emperor Tenchi tried to change such a function of Okimi (emperor).
- これに対して、進歩派の教員・父母と京都教職員組合が学校を封鎖して管理授業を行い、これに対して保守派の父母は市教委とともに公共施設を用いた補習授業を行って対抗したことで生徒までをも2分することになる。
- Against this action, the progressive teachers/parents and the Kyoto teachers' union blocked up the school to give custody classes while the conservatives parents and the Kyoto City Board of Education against the progressives gave supplementary classes in the public institution, dividing students into two sides.
- これは、和式便所は洋式に比べて便器の設置で手間と費用がかからないことや、清掃が簡単であるうえ洋式便所では便座に直接肌を密着させなければならず、不特定多数で共用される便所では不潔感を与えるためである。
- This is because the washiki lavatory basin is easy to install, easy to clean, and low cost compared with yoshiki and in the case of yoshiki the skin must be directly in touch with a toilet seat and general public shares it, which gives a nasty feeling.
- 明治時代に入り、明治27年(1894年)に琵琶湖疏水(鴨川運河)が通じると、輸送物資の役割分担によって共存を図ろうとしたものの物資輸送量は減少し、大正9年(1920年)に水運は廃止されることになった。
- In the Meiji period, after Lake Biwa Canal (Kamogawa Canal) opened in 1894, the volume of goods transported through Takase-gawa River declined despite efforts to share the River's transportation capabilities with Lake Biwa Canal, and transportation through the Takase-gawa River came to an end in 1920.
- 使いを遣わして貢物を献じた目的として、中国大陸の文明・文化を摂取すると共に、南朝の威光を借りることによって、当時の日本列島中西部の他の諸勢力、朝鮮半島諸国との政治外交を進めるものがあったと考えられる。
- The purpose of dispatching envoys and presenting tribute seems to have been to develop a political diplomacy with the other powers in the mid-western part of Japanese archipelago and Korean peninsula with the help of the prestige of the Southern Dynasty, as well as absorbing the civilization and caulture of the Chinese continent.
- 承久3年(1221年)の承久の乱(後鳥羽上皇が倒幕を企て、北条義時の追討を命じるが、失敗して隠岐に配流される)以後、鎌倉側の政治的優位は決定的となり、鎌倉は名実共に、日本の行政府所在地となったといえる。
- After the Jokyu War in 1221 (in which the Retired Emperor Gotoba who hatched a plot to overthrow the Bakufu issued an order to defeat Yoshitoki HOJO but failed and was banished to Oki Province), the Kamakura government started to hold decisive political power, making Kamakura the seat of administration of Japan both nominally and virtually.
- 民本主義と共に、議院内閣制の慣行・政党政治と大正デモクラシーを支え、また、美濃部の著書が高等文官試験受験者の必読書ともなり、大正時代半ばから昭和の初期にかけては、天皇機関説が国家公認の憲法学説となった。
- Along with the democracy, the Emperor Organ Theory supported practices in the parliamentary Cabinet system, and party government and Taisho Democracy, and also because Minobe's book became a bible of examinees for high civil officers, the theory became a constitutional doctrine approved by the state from the middle of Taisho period through early Showa period.
- 天保12年(1841年)10月8日妹の隆子女王と共に出奔するという不祥事を起こし、結果天保13年(1842年)7月22日に光格天皇養子・二品親王・勧修寺住職の地位が停止され、伏見宮より除籍されてしまう。
- He caused a scandalous affair in which he ran away with his younger sister, Princess Takako, on November 20, 1841, resulting in termination of his position as an adopted son of Emperor Kokaku, a second-ranked Imperial Prince, and a chief priest of Kaju-ji Temple on August 27, 1842, to be was finally expelled from the Fushiminomiya family.
- つまり、足利幕府以来最も長く礼法を伝える家系は現代には続いておらず、縫殿助家と共に徳川幕府の師範家となっていた旗本小笠原平兵衛家(もと赤沢氏)が現在では小笠原流(弓馬術礼法小笠原教場)宗家となっている。
- That is to say, the family line which had handed down the techniques longest since the Ashikaga shogunate didn't last and OGASAWARA Heibei family (former Akazawa clan) of direct retainers which was Nuidono no suke family as well as lecturer family of the Tokugawa shogunate, is the present head family of the Ogasawara school (Ogasawara Kyojo [Ogasawara training hall] of Japanese horse-back archery technique).
- しかし、それでもまだ全く衰退したわけではなく、平安時代初期の桓武朝においても、大伴弟麻呂は初代征夷大将軍となって坂上田村麻呂と共に蝦夷を討ち、後期の803年には国道が赦されて帰京し、参議に昇進している。
- However, even in spite of these incidents, the Otomo Clan did not entirely lose its power: OTOMO no Otomaro was appointed as the first Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') and sent to defeat the Emishi (natives of the North, also called the Ezo), along with SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro in the early Heian period and in late 803, Kunimichi returned to the capital with an imperial amnesty and was promoted to Sangi.
- 用明天皇の崩御後押坂彦人大兄皇子と共に有力皇位継承権者であったと日本書紀等では記されているが、穴穂部皇子を推す勢力から敵視され、用明天皇2年(587年)にはその一派である中臣勝海に像を作り呪詛されている。
- Although Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan) reported that he was a leading successor to the imperial throne together with Oshisaka no Hikohito no Oenomiko after the death of the Emperor Yomei, a powerful party supporting the Prince Anahobe regarded him as hostile, and he was cursed by NAKATOMI no Katsumi, a member of the party by making a statue of him in 587.
- 道誉が亡くなると、家督は三男である佐々木高秀が継ぎ、天授 (日本)5年/康暦元年(1379年)に起こった康暦の政変では、美濃国の土岐頼康と共に、管領細川頼之の罷免を求めて近江で兵を挙げ、それを成し遂げる。
- After Doyo died, the family estate was inherited by his third son Takahide SASAKI, and in the Koryaku Coup that happened in 1379 he together with Yoriyasu TOKI from Mino Province raised an army in Omi asking for the dismissal of Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA, Kanrei-assistant of Shogun to succeed.
- 設備方面ではイギリス人ウィリアム・バードンにより台湾の上下水道が設計されたほか、道路改善、秋の強制清掃、家屋の換気奨励、伝染病患者の強制隔離、予防注射の実施など公共衛生改善のための政策が数多く採用された。
- As for public health facilities in Taiwan, in addition to the water and sewage system designed by a British engineer William Burdon, many policies were adopted to improve public health, such as the improvement of streets, compulsory cleaning in the autumn, encouragement of ventilation in houses, quarantine of the patients with infectious diseases.
- ヘルマン・エンデ(Hermann Ende)とヴィルヘルム・ベックマン(Wilhelm Boeckmann)の共同設計事務所(エンデ・ベックマン事務所)が担当することになり、エンデとベックマンらが来日した。
- The architectural design firm of Hermann ENDE and Wilhelm BECKMANN (Baufirma Ende & Boeckmann) was selected to assist with the project, and the two men were sent to Japan.
- 天武天皇8年(679年)5月6日 (旧暦)、天武天皇が吉野に行幸した際、鵜野讃良皇后(後の持統天皇)も列席する中、草壁皇子・大津皇子・高市皇子・忍壁皇子・志貴皇子と共に一同結束を誓う「吉野の盟約」に参加した。
- On May 6, 679, when Emperor Tenmu visited Yoshino, he participated in the Yoshino Pact to swear the unity of Prince Kusakabe, Prince Otsu, Prince Takechi, Prince Osakabe, and Prince Shiki in the face of Empress Uno no Sarara (later Emperor Jito).
- 7月17日、美智子妃を伴いひめゆりの塔に献花のため訪れたところ、その場に潜んでいた過激派二人(沖縄解放同盟準備会メンバーの知念功と共産主義者同盟のメンバー二人)から火炎瓶を投げつけられる(ひめゆりの塔事件。)
- When he and the Crown Princess Michiko visited Himeyuri-no-to Tower (The Tower of Lilies) for offering flowers on July 17, two members of radical parties (Isao CHINEN belonging to the preparatory society for Okinawa liberation alliance and the other belonging to the communist alliance) lurking at the spot hurled a Molotov cocktail at the Imperial couple (so-called 'The incident at Himeyuri-no-to Tower.')
- この間に上杉勢援軍との小競り合いや更なる増援の報に接し、家康は援軍(井伊直政(一部部隊は当初より参陣)、大須賀康高、松平康重の5000)を出すと共に一時撤退を下令、これを受け徳川軍は28日に上田より撤退した。
- During this time, upon skirmishes against reinforcements of the Uesugi Army and news of additional reinforcements, Ieyasu delivered reinforcements (5000 soldiers led by Naomasa II (some troops joined the battle from the beginning), Yasutaka OSUGA, and Yasushige MATSUDAIRA) while ordering a temporary retreat, and as a result, Tokugawa's army retreated from Ueda on October 21.
- この過程で信西とその一族の台頭は目覚ましく、高階重仲の女を母とする俊憲・藤原貞憲は弁官として父と共に実務を担当する一方で、藤原朝子(後白河の乳母)を母とする藤原成憲・藤原脩憲はそれぞれ遠江・美濃の受領となった。
- During this process Shinzei and the his family (the Fujiwara) each rose to remarkable prominence; FUJIWARA no Toshinori and Sadanori (sons of Shinzei and their mother was the daughter of TAKASHINA no Shigenaka) worked as Controllers with their father at running the Records Office, while FUJIWARA no Shigenori and Naganori (sons of Shinzei and their mother was FUJIWARA no Asako, who was also known as Emperor Goshirakawa's wet nurse) were awarded control over Totomi and Mino Provinces, respectively.
- その後、京都に上洛して旧知の仲にあった西園寺公宗の屋敷に潜伏し、1335年6月に公宗と共に後醍醐天皇暗殺や北条氏残党による幕府再挙を図って挙兵しようと計画を企んだが、事前に計画が露見して公宗は殺されてしまった。
- He went to Kyoto and hid in the residence of Kimmune SAIONJI who was an old ally, and they plotted to assassinate the Emperor Godaigo and take up arms to reinstate the shogunate with the remnants of the Hojo clan in June 1335, but the plot was exposed before they could act and Kimmune was killed.
- 中世前期は人々が畏れ忌避した業務に携わっていた非人であるが、中世後期に人々の感覚が次第に「畏れの忌避」から「穢れの忌避(蝕穢)」に変遷すると共に、非人に対する捉え方も畏怖視から卑賤視へと変遷していったとされる。
- In the early feudal period, Hinin engaged the tasks which people feared and evaded; however, in the later feudal period, as the people's perception of those tasks gradually changed from 'evasion of fear' to 'evasion of impurity,' they could also change in their perspective on Hinin from fear to contempt.
- さらに、第二次世界大戦においては大東亜共栄圏の行動を打ち出し、当時イギリスやオランダなどの列強が植民地化していた東南アジアに進軍し、欧米の占領軍を追い出して後釜に座る形でほぼ全域を占領、あるいは影響下に置いた。
- In World War II, Japan proposed the action of the Great East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere, marched into Southeast Asia which was the colony of powerful countries such as England and the Netherlands, cast out the Occupation Forces of Europe and America and took their places, occupying or putting under their influence almost the whole area.
- 統計的に見て、赤道付近の太平洋中部~東部にかけて海水温が上昇・西部で低下するエルニーニョ現象が発生したときは、日本各地で梅雨入り・梅雨明け共に遅くなる傾向にあり、降水量は平年並み、日照時間は多めとなる傾向にある。
- From a statistical point of view, if El Nino in which the temperature of sea water increases in the middle and east Pacific Ocean and decreases in the west Pacific Ocean in the vicinity of the equator occurs, there is a tendency tsuyuiri and tsuyuake in Japan delay and the amount of rainfall stays as usual and the hours of sunlight increases.
- その後、六角高頼が幕府御料地を侵略した際には9月と8月の2回、第9代将軍足利義尚の親征を受けたが、その2度とも観音寺城を放棄し甲賀の山中でゲリラ戦を展開、一時的に城を明け渡すが共に奪回している(長享・延徳の乱)。
- Later, when the castle was attacked by the ninth Shogun Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA, twice, in August and September, due to Takayori ROKKAKU's invasion of bakufu goryochi (the land directly controlled by bakufu [Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun]), they temporarily abandoned the castle, conducted guerrilla wars in the mountains of Koka, and recaptured the castle later in both wars (the Chokyo-Entoku Wars).
- 黄砂(こうさ)とは、特に中華人民共和国を中心とした東アジア内陸部の砂漠または乾燥帯の砂塵が、風を伴う砂嵐(砂じんあらし)などによって空に巻き上げられ、春を中心に東アジアなどの広範囲に飛来し、地上に降り注ぐ気象現象。
- Kosa indicates the following weather phenomenon: Dust in inland deserts or dry zones in eastern Asia centered around People's Republic of China, is flung up into the air, for example, by a sandstorm, and is carried and falls over a wide area of eastern Asia centered around spring.
- 共に災害の直後の非常時であったため、これらが武家人口を含めた真の江戸の人口であるとする解釈があるが、(1) 男女比が逆転している (2) 50年隔てた両年の人口や後述の計外人口の構成が酷似しているなど信頼性が低い。
- Some have interpreted that these figures, collected shortly after a state of emergency due to a disaster, reveal the true population of Edo that takes into account the population of samurai households, but the reliability of this document is questionable because (1) the male-to-female ratio is reversed, and (2) the populations and composition of non-targeted demographics are similar in spite of a fifty year interval.
- 関東地方以北および中国地方以西では三杯酢あるいは三杯酢をかけた物にからしを添えて、近畿地方では黒砂糖をかけて単体又は果物などと共に、東海地方では箸一本で、主に三杯酢をかけた物にゴマを添えて食べるのが一般的とされる。
- Commonly in the north of Kanto region and in the west of Chugoku region, tokoroten is served with sanbaizu (vinegar, soy sauce and mirin (or sugar) mixed in roughly equal proportions) poured over it, or with sanbaizu poured over it and with mustard; in the Kinki region, muscovado sugar is sprinkled over it when served, and sometimes fruit is served together; in the Tokai region, it is eaten using only one chopstick, usually by pouring sanbaizu over it and adding sesame thereto.
- 中華人民共和国では、気象観測において黄砂は「砂塵天気」に含まれ、視程(水平視程)10km以内で風が弱い場合「浮塵」、風が強く視程10km - 1kmの場合「揚沙」、風が強く視程1km以下の場合「沙塵暴」とされている。
- In weather observations in the People's Republic of China, kosa is included in 'dust weather,' the air state in which the visibility (horizontal one) is within 10 km and the wind is weak is called 'floating dust,' the air state in which the wind is strong and the visibility is in the range of 10 to 1 km is called 'floating sand,' and the air state in which the wind is strong and the visibility is within 1 km is called 'shachenbao.'
- このことに不満を持った薩摩藩の過激派、有馬新七らは同じく薩摩藩の尊王派の志士、真木和泉・田中河内介らと共謀して関白九条尚忠・京都所司代酒井忠義 (若狭国小浜藩主)邸を襲撃することを決定し、伏見の船宿寺田屋に集まった。
- Dissatisfied with him, extremists in the Satsuma domain such as Shinshichi ARIMA conspired with devoted members of the royalist faction such as Izumi MAGI and Kawachinosuke TANAKA to carry out a raid on the residences of the chief adviser to the Emperor, Hisatada KUJO, and the Kyoto-shoshidai (commissioner dealing with police and judicial affairs in Kyoto), Tadaaki SAKAI (also the lord of the Obama domain in Wakasa Province), and they gathered at the Teradaya, an inn for sailors in Fushimi.
- 日本画の誕生は、明治政府の欧化政策のもとでの西洋文化の急速な流入に対する国粋主義的な危機感と、当時のアメリカ合衆国でヨーロッパ由来の文化との対抗軸を模索していたフェノロサとの出会いと共感が造り出したものかもしれない。
- Nihon-ga may have been a product of a nationalistic feeling of crisis due to the rapid influx of western culture under the Meiji government's westernization policy combined with an affinity felt in the encounter with Fenollosa who sought to create a foothold in America to counter the dominance of European culture.
- ミツガシワやホロムイソウのような寒冷地に分布する植物や、ジュンサイのような各地に自生するような植物、タヌキモやモウセンゴケのような食虫植物、ヌマガヤやイヌノハナゴケといった高層湿原の構成種など、様々な植物が共存している。
- Various plants including those normally found in cold climates such as buckbean (Menyanthes trifoliata) and rannoch-rush (Scheuchzeria palustris), those that are grown wild in various regions such as water shields, carnivorous plants such as Utricularia japonica and roundleaf sundew (Drosera rotundifolia), and constituents of high moors such as Moliniopsis japonica (Hack.) Hayata and イヌノハナゴケ are coexisting in Midoroga-ike Pond.
- 中田薫 (学者)の『法制史論集』に収める諸論文や滝川政次郎『律令の研究』は、太平洋戦争以前に発表された代表的な研究文献であるが、これらに共通するものは、中国律令法と日本律令法との相違を明らかにしようとする課題意識である。
- Various research papers in the 'Hoseishi ronshu' (A collection of essays on legal history) by Kaoru NAKADA (scholar) and the 'Ritsuryo no kenkyu' (Studies on Ritsuryo) by Masajiro TAKIKAWA are major research literature published before the Pacific war, and the commonality between them is an attempt to clarify the difference between Chinese ritsuryo law and Japanese ritsuryo law.
- 応保2年(1162年)、後白河が日宋貿易の発展を目論んで摂津の大輪田泊を修築した際、清盛は隣接地の福原に日宋貿易の拠点として山荘を築いているが、このことは、後白河と清盛が共同して日宋貿易に取り組んでいたことを示している。
- In 1162, Goshirakawa renovated Owada no tomari in Settsu with an eye on developing trade between Japan and Song, and Kiyomori built a mountain residence in the neighboring Fukuhara as a base for Japan-Song trade, showing that Goshirakwa and Kiyomori worked together to develop Japan-Song trade.
- 斜体で示した数字は (1) 他の年月に酷似した数字が登場しており、共に誤記が疑われるケース (2) 元の史料の人口に対して寺社方人口や新吉原などの計外人口を独自に加算したと推測されるケースのいずれかであり、信頼性が低い。
- The figures in italics are of questionable accuracy because (1) the recurrence of similar figures over several months points to the likelihood of entry errors; and (2) there are several cases in which the populations of Shaji-kata and Shin-yoshiwara that were not included in the original estimates were retroactively added to the figures in later times.
- これらを貢納する贄人を初めとする非農業民は、従来「無主」にして「公私共利」の地とされた山野河海の利用により生業をたてていたが、8世紀以降の律令制の解体、荘園公領制の成立とともに、荘園領主による制約を受けるようになってきた。
- Non-agricultural people, including those who presented these items, made their living from the mountains, fields, rivers, and the sea that were originally lands 'not owned by anyone' and were 'beneficial publicly and privately,' however, regulations were initiated by Shoen owners after the disbandment of the Ritsuryo system and the establishment of the Shoen-Koryo system from the 8th Century.
- いまや徹底した反共主義の持ち主であった朴は在日本朝鮮人連盟(朝連、在日本朝鮮人総聯合会の前身)への参加を避け、1946年10月に在日本大韓民国民団の前身となる在日本朝鮮居留民団を結成し、初代団長を1949年2月まで勤めた。
- Bokuretsu who came out of prison as a committed anticommunist did not join Zai Nihon Chosenjin Renmei (present-day, Chongryon or General Association of Korean Residents in Japan) but formed Zai Nihon Chosen Kyoryumindan (present-day, Mindan or Korean Residents Union in Japan) in October 1946 and presided as the first organization head until February 1949.
- しかし、昭和に入り、近親相姦のタブーが拡がったことや、第二次世界大戦後は、洋装化が進み、核家族化の進展と共に褌が廃れたことで、褌祝の祭事を行う地区は殆どなくなり、その内容も形式的に赤飯等を配るなどの内容となっているようだ。
- However, since the 1920's incest has increasingly been taboo and with WWII Westernization spread and loincloths largely died out as nuclear families gained ground and, as such, holding loincloth ceremonies largely died out in most regions whereby the sentiment is conveyed in form alone by serving rice with red beans it appears.
- 主要都市の公共事業としては幕府が行った海運荷役や人口増加の為の埋め立てや治水や河川荷役の為の護岸工事を始めとし、埋立地や護岸の締め固めを目的とした桜の植樹や花火の打ち上げの奨励や遊郭の設置なども広義では普請と言えるだろう。
- In a broader sense, fushin may include establishing public utilities in major towns such as oceanic cargo shipping executed by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), reclaiming land for population growth, constructing levees and dikes to improve river embankments for unloading cargo; it may also include such projects as promoting planting cherry trees to help maintain reclaimed land and embankments, encouraging fireworks display, establishing yukaku (red-light district), and so on.
- この事件は、格太郎の父忠告が忠敬の兄であり共に庶子でありながら病弱を理由として家督相続されず病没、そして金銭に困窮し、また弟賢次郎が華族待遇を受けられず軍夫として台湾に出兵し戦死したことによる度重なる恨みの末の犯行であった。
- This scandal occurred because of a long-standing grudge that Kakutaro held against Tadayuki, who was a younger brother of Kakutaro's father (Tadatsugu), as a result of Tadatsugu not being allowed to take over as head of the family due to his poor health, despite Tadatsugu and Tadayuki having both been born out of wedlock, and later dying of illness; this led to Kakutaro suffering economic hardships and his younger brother Kenjiro, who was not granted a peerage, going to war in Taiwan as a private soldier where he later died.
- その後正長・永享期には嫡流と思しき「石橋左衛門佐入道」が在京すると共に、正長元年(1428年)の『満済准后日記』に「奥篠河殿、並伊達蘆名白河懸田川俣塩松石橋也」と登場し、安達郡東方を分郡に塩松を名字とする庶流を分出していた。
- After that, in the Shocho and Eikyo eras, a direct descendant called 'Saemon-no-suke-nyudo ISHIBASHI' was living in Kyoto, while, as 'Mansai Jugo Nikki' (Mansai's diary) states '奥篠河殿、並伊達蘆名白河懸田川俣塩松石橋也' (Lord Sasagawa and Date, Ashina, Shirakawa, Kakeda, Kawamata, Shionomatsu, Ishibashi), a branch family of the Ishibashi clan surnamed Shionomatsu was living in eastern Adachi County.
- (同年8月26日には太政官布告で「九月二十二日ハ聖上ノ御誕辰相当ニ付毎年此辰ヲ以テ群臣ニ酺宴ヲ賜ヒ天長節御執行相成天下ノ刑戮被差停候偏ニ衆庶ト御慶福ヲ共ニ被遊候思召ニ候間於庶民モ一同嘉節ヲ奉祝候様被仰出候事」と布達された)。
- (On August 26 same year, an edict of Dajokan (Grand Council of state) was promulgated: '九月二十二日ハ聖上ノ御誕辰相当ニ付毎年此辰ヲ以テ群臣ニ酺宴ヲ賜ヒ天長節御執行相成天下ノ刑戮被差停候偏ニ衆庶ト御慶福ヲ共ニ被遊候思召ニ候間於庶民モ一同嘉節ヲ奉祝候様被仰出候事.')
- 一進会の主張はあくまで日韓両国民の対等な地位に基づく日韓共栄であって日本の考える韓国の吸収併合とは全く異なるものであることや、日韓併合については韓国側の要求は一切受け入れない方針であったため日本政府は一進会の請願を拒否した。
- The Japanese Government refused their demand because Isshinkai claimed for the mutual prosperity between Korea and Japan on a basis of Korean and Japanese people's equal position, which was completely different from the merger and annexation of Korea, that Japan was expecting, and also Japan was taking its own policy that any request from Korea was unacceptable for the Japanese annexation of Korea.
- 加えて、いくつかの事例には和歌山県が関与している他、国の緊急地域雇用創出特別基金事業の下で行われた県の公共事業「緑の雇用事業」の一環であるものもあるなど、行政当局の遺産保護に対する姿勢や「縦割り」の弊害を問う声があがっている。
- The attitude of administrative authorities on the protection of heritage or the adverse effect caused by 'vertically-segmented administrative system' are questioned in that Wakayama Prefecture is involved in some cases, and some projects were conducted as a part of Prefectural projects, 'Green Employment Project' under special subsidy for emergency regional employment creation of the nation.
- つまり、弥生時代の個々の村落を統合する新しい支配者が現れる等して人々がより大きな集団を構成する際に、それまでのそれぞれの共同体の祭儀から専制的権力者の祭儀への変化が起き、各々の村落で使われていた銅鐸を埋納したというものである。
- It means that when larger groups of people were organized by a new ruler that integrated individual villages of the Yayoi period, changes occurred in the ceremonial style from one of each community to one of a man with absolute power, leading to burial of dotaku that had been used in each village.
- なお、一部のジェンダーフリー論者からは、鯉のぼりが封建的な家制度の象徴だとして批判されるケースもあり、男女共同参画社会づくりの一環として鯉のぼりを家庭内の身分を想起させないよう縦ではなく横につるすように指導した自治体もあった。
- Also, there has been a case in which certain gender-free debaters criticized koi-nobori as a symbol of the feudalistic family system, so some autonomous bodies have instructed that koi-nobori should be hung up horizontally instead of vertically so as not to recall rank within the family, thus encouraging a society of gender equality.
- 三好氏の当主三好長慶の死後、後継者の三好義継は幼く、長慶の弟達もまたこの世を去っていたため、義継の後見役としてこの三名が台頭し、三好氏の重臣として同じく権勢を振るっていた松永久秀と共に足利義輝の謀殺(永禄の変)に携わるなどした。
- After Nagayoshi's death, the three men emerged as custodians of the successor Yoshitsugu MIYOSHI who was still a child and all of Nagayoshi's brothers were deceased and collaborated with Hisahide MATSUNAGA, another Miyoshi commander wielding similar power, in the assassination of Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA (Eiroku no hen).
- 中世における家門とは、家督を有する当主とその管領(管理)のもとにある家業・家職・家記(日記)・家屋・寺院・道具及びその共有者である当主夫婦・親子を中心とした親族集団を指し、家門そのものも家督とともに継承される性質のものであった。
- The term for family in the Medieval Age referred to a kinship group that was mainly composed of the family head who owned the family estate and the family business, trade, record (diary), their house, temple and tools under his reign (control), as well as his wife and children, who were the joint owners; the family itself, as well as the family estate, was succeeded to the descendents.
- 現代では茶道においても共通する客をもてなす本来の懐石の意味が廃れ、茶会の席上で空腹のまま刺激の強い茶を飲むことを避け、茶をおいしく味わう上で差し支えのない程度の軽食や類似の和食コース料理を指すといった実利的な意味に変化している。
- Today, the original meaning of kaiseki, which is entertaining guests, has faded away and it means such practical things as a light meal or similar Japanese multi-course meal served at tea parties which is served to avoid drinking strong tea on an empty stomach and has no connection to the appreciation of tea.
- 中華人民共和国の香港や広東省、広西チワン族自治区にはボウチャイファン(ボウチャイファン:ボウは「保」の下に「火」と書く)と呼ばれる肉や野菜をトッピングする土鍋飯があり、このオプションの具として卵を追加できるシステムとなっている。
- In Hong Kong and Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region, Guangdong in the People's Republic of China, there is earthenware pot rice topped with meat and vegetables, which is called po chai fan, and an egg can be added to it as an optional ingredient.
- そして5月11日昼過ぎ、京都から琵琶湖への日帰り観光からの帰り道、ニコライ、ニコライと共に来日していたギリシャ王国王子・ゲオルギオス (ギリシャ王子)(ゲオルギオス1世の三男)、威仁親王の順番で人力車に乗り大津市街を通過していた。
- In the afternoon on May 11, on the way back to Kyoto after a day trip to Lake Biwa, Nicholas, Prince George of Greece (the third son of George I of Greece), and Imperial Prince Takehito rode on a rickshaw one by one in this order, and they were going through Otsu City.
- 「風のまはるに随って、魚のこぞる様に上を下へとなみより、焦熱、大焦熱のほのほにむせび、おどり上り飛び上り、悲しみの声煙につれて空に響き、獄卒の呵責の攻めも是なるべし。肝魂を失ひ、二日共更に見る人なし。哀れなる次第中々申し足らず。」
- As wind chopped about, they moved up and down like a fish jumps and heaved because of very hot flame and jumped up and voice of sorrow sounded to the sky going up with smoke and it was like jailer's torture. They lost their guts and nobody observed for two days. Misery could not be expressed sufficiently.'
- 梅雨(ばいう、つゆ。黴雨とも)とは、北海道と小笠原諸島を除く日本、朝鮮半島南部、中華人民共和国の華南や華中の沿海部、および台湾など、東アジアの広範囲において見られる特有の気象で、5月から7月にかけて毎年巡って来る雨の多い期間のこと。
- Baiu (called also 'tsuyu' and written also as '黴雨' [meaning 'rain of molds']) is a rainy period from May to July every year which is typical meteorological phenomenon seen in a wide area covering Japan excluding Hokkaido and Ogasawara Islands (Bonin Islands), the southern part of Korean Peninsula, coastal area of People's Republic of China including south and center China and Taiwan.
- 今後の課題としては、地表の水分量や植生の状態、作物の種類や分布、家畜の分布、地下水の取水状況などの継続した調査や、観測機器の整備、観測データの常時共有化、黄砂の定義や分類の統一、黄砂の予測技術の改良、対策の評価などが挙げられている。
- The following are considered as future problems to be tackled: Continuing surveying the water amount and state of flora on the earth surface, the kinds and distribution of crops, the distribution of livestock, and the continuous survey of the state in which underground water is taken up, deploying advanced observation instruments, enabling observed data to be shared anytime, unifying the definitions and classifications of kosa, improving kosa-forecasting technologies, and evaluating the measures taken.
- 文化厚生会館事件(ぶんかこうせいかいかんじけん)とは、部落解放同盟京都府連合会が、朝田善之助を委員長とし、同盟中央が認めた組織(朝田府連)と、三木一平を委員長とし、日本共産党が支援する組織(三木府連)に分裂したことに端を発した紛争。
- The Bunkakosei-kaikan Hall Affair is a conflict that started with the Buraku Liberation League, Kyoto Federation being divided into two groups, one (Asada Furen, Asada faction's Federation) with Zennosuke ASADA as a chairman, approved by the Headquarter of the Buraku Liberation League and the other (Miki Furen, Miki faction's Federation) with Ippei MIKI as a chairman, supported by the Japanese Communist Party.
- また1934年(昭和9年)には、斎藤内閣の商工大臣であった中島久万吉が雑誌「現代」2月号に転載された足利尊氏と足利時代(室町時代)を再評価すべきという感想を述べたことに対して、菊池議員と共に中島大臣を攻撃し辞職させたことでも知られる。
- It was well-known that, in 1934, Kumakichi NAKAJIMA, the Minister of Commerce and Industry in the Sato Cabinet, stated in his article reprinted in the February issue of the monthly magazine 'Gendai' (Modern times) that Takauji ASHIKAGA and the Ashikaga era (i.e., the Muromachi period) should be transvalued; and Yukimitsu, together with Takeo KIKUCHI, censured Kumakichi NAKAJIMA and forced him to resign.
- また事件前、西南戦争で敗死した西郷隆盛が実はロシアに逃げ延び、ニコライと共に帰って来るという噂がささやかれており、西南戦争で勲章を授与されていた津田はもし西郷が帰還すれば自分の勲位も剥奪されるのではないかと危惧していたという説もある。
- He also heard a rumor that Takamori SAIGO, who had died during Seinan War, was still alive in Russia and he would come back to Japan with Nicholas, so he feared that he would be deprived the medal which had been given to him during Seinan War.
- 陸奥宗光は、当時有力な佐幕論者であった紀州藩士三浦休太郎が大垣藩井田五蔵らと共謀して京都にて不穏な動きをしていること、また、坂本龍馬、中岡慎太郎の暗殺(近江屋事件)が、伊呂波丸事件にて龍馬に恨みを持つ紀州藩が黒幕であるとの話を聞いた。
- Munemitsu MUTSU heard that Kyutaro MIURA, a feudal retainer of the Kishu Domain, who was an influential supporter of the bakufu, together with Itsuzo IDA of the Ogaki Domain and others were plotting something threatening in Kyoto and that the Kishu clan was the mastermind of the assassinations of Ryoma SAKAMOTO and Shintaro NAKAOKA (Omiya Incident), which occurred in retaliation for the Iroha Maru Incident from which they had a grudge against Ryoma.
- 布袋と禅宗の関係が見られるのは、時代が下がって11世紀初頭、『景徳傳燈録』巻27に「禅門達者雖不出世有名於時者」として、梁 (南朝)の宝誌や、智ギ、寒山拾得らの異僧・高僧たちと共に、「明州布袋和尚」として立伝される頃からのことである。
- Hotei was first described as a Zen monk in the 27th volume of 'Keitokudentoroku' compiled in the early 11th century together with other eminent Zen monks such as Hoshi of Ryo (the south dynasty), Chigi, and Kanzan Jittoku.
- 締約当時に開発途上国と見なされた中華人民共和国・インドなどが、その後順調な経済的発展を遂げ、非効率的なエネルギー政策で大量に温室効果ガスを発生させ、世界有数の排出国となっているにも関わらず、何ら義務を負っていないことも問題視されている。
- Countries such as People's Republic of China and India, which were regarded as developing countries at the time of ratification, have economically developed steadily afterward and they have come to produced a massive amount of greenhouse gases to be the world's top-class emitter due to their inefficient energy policies; accordingly, it is problematic that they have not undertaken any obligation in spite of such a situation.
- 後白河上皇と二条天皇の対立は双方の有力な廷臣が共倒れになったため小康状態となり、「院・内、申シ合ツツ同ジ御心ニテ」(『愚管抄』)とあるように二頭政治が行われたが、乱勝利の最大の貢献者である清盛はどちらの派にも組することなく慎重に行動した。
- The conflict between Retired Emperor Goshirakawa and Emperor Nijo, which had resulted in the mutual destruction of many of their most capable courtiers, now entered a lull, and indeed, the government became something of a duumvirate between the two of them (as written in the 'Gukansho,' 'Now the Retired Emperor and the Emperor spoke in harmony, and were of one mind'), but as for Kiyomori, who had made the single greatest contribution to the current half-victory for each of them, he continued to act prudently, not joining either faction.
- ちなみに公望は、西園寺家の家業である筈の琵琶の演奏が苦手であったが、首相在任中に明治天皇から悪戯半分に「久しぶりに西園寺家の琵琶が聞きたい」と言われ、宮内省の雅楽寮の職員と琵琶の共演をさせられて四苦八苦したというエピソードが伝わっている。
- There is an anecdote that Kinmochi was not good at playing the biwa Japanese lute, which should have been the family business of the Saionji Family, and during Kinmochi's time in office as prime minister, the Emperor Meiji said out of mischief to Kinmochi, 'For the first time in a long while, I would like to listen to biwa Japanese lute,' and therefore he was forced to play the biwa Japanese lute in dire distress together with the officials of Utaryo in the Imperial Household Ministry.
- 周の時代には中国的な封建制度は活期を迎えたと考えられており、各地に邑を基盤とした血族共同体が広汎に現れ、周はこれらと実際に血縁関係をむすんだり、封建的な関係をむすぶことによって擬制的に血縁関係をつくりだし、支配下に置いたと考えられている。
- It is considered that the Chinese Hoken system was at its peak in the Zhou period, and blood relative communities based on Mura (large village) broadly emerged in many places, and Zhou formed fictitious blood relations to control them by making actual blood relations or feudalistic relations with them.
- 琵琶湖の市町境界については、今までどの市町にも組み入れられていなかったが、沿岸の各自治体で行う共同会議において2007年5月8日に境界の設定に合意し、各自治体の議会の同意を得た上で総務省に届け出を行い、9月28日付で官報に確定が公示された。
- The municipal borders of Lake Biwa had never been established, but at a joint conference held by the municipalities on the shore of the lake, their delegates reached an agreement to establish the borders of Lake Biwa on May 8, 2007; a document was submitted to the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications after the approval of each municipality's assembly, and finally the establishment of borders was officially announced in the official gazette on September 28.
- その後20年にわたり台湾総督は同化政策を推進し、具体的な政策としては地方自治を拡大するための総督府評議会の設置、日台共学制度及び共婚法の公布、笞刑の撤廃、日本語学習の整備などその同化を促進し、台湾人への差別を減少させるための政策を実現した。
- The Governor-General of Taiwan promoted the assimilation policy for the next twenty years, policy which included an establishment of an elected advisory committee to expand autonomy, the introduction of non-segregation to educational institutions, an issuance of the intermarriage act, a demolishment of flogging as criminal punishment, encouraging the study of the Japanese language in order to promote assimilation as well as to decrease discrimination of Taiwanese.
- 例えば、後に佐竹義宗が強引に相馬御厨全域を支配したとき、その『源義宗寄進状』には「常澄常胤等何故可成妨哉、是背法令、大非常之上、大謀叛人前下野守義朝朝臣年来郎従等 凡不可在王土者也」と、上総介常澄、千葉介常胤、が共に反抗していることが伺える。
- For example, when Yoshimune SATAKE aggressively dominated the entire region of Soma-mikuriya later, he stated in 'MINAMOTO no Yoshimune's letter of donation' that '常澄常胤等何故可成妨哉,是背法令,大非常之上,大謀叛人前下野守義朝朝臣年来郎従等 凡不可在王土者也,' indicating that Kazusa no suke Tsunezumi and Chiba no suke Tsunetane both rebelled.
- 3つの形態に分かれた機構を共通にしようとすれば既に中央政府から派遣された官吏によって統治される形式が採られていた「府」・「県」とは違い、知藩事と藩士によって治められた「藩」の異質性・自主性が「三治一致」の最大の障害となることは明らかであった。
- In unifying three different systems, it was obvious that the different nature of 'han', which were governed by chihanji and hanshi unlike 'fu' and 'ken' that were governed by the government officials, became the biggest obstacle for 'sanchi-icchi'.
- 共に天皇の王道的統治を説くものの、上杉は天皇と国家を混同し、「天皇は、天皇自身のために統治する」「国務大臣の輔弼なしで、統治権を勝手に行使できる」とし、美濃部は「天皇は国家人民のために統治するのであって、天皇自身のためするのではない」と説いた。
- Though they both proclaimed imperial governing by the emperor, Uesugi mixed the emperor with the state and said 'the emperor rules for himself' and 'he can exercise governing right at his will without hohitsu by Minister of State', whereas Minobe said 'the emperor rules for nation's people, not for himself.'
- 旧上中町が小浜市にごみを持ち込んでいたのに対し、旧三方町は合併直前に美浜町 (福井県)と共同でエコクル美方(ガス化溶融施設・リサイクルプラザ)を稼動したため、それぞれで処理場が別になり、そのために三方と上中で分別方法が違うという事態になっている。
- Old Kaminaka-cho and Old Mikata-cho differ in garbage disposal facilities and separating systems, due to the fact that Old Kaminaka-cho had to transport their waste in Obama City, whereas Old Mikata-cho had started, immediately before the merger, to operate Ecocle Mikata (gasification and fusion furnace facility, and recycling plaza).
- 台湾では戦後、国共内戦に破れ遷台した中国国民党が、それまで台湾に住む本省人を弾圧(白色テロ、1947年に発生した二・二八事件はその最大規模のものである。)、大陸反攻を国是とし軍事を優先とした政策を実施したため、台湾のインフラ整備は後回しにされた。
- In postwar Taiwan, the Kuomintang Party, which was defeated by communist forces in the Chinese civil war and moved to Taiwan, suppressed the native-born Taiwanese who had been living in Taiwan before the Kuomintang related immigration wave (the White Terror and the 228 incident in 1947 was the largest scale suppression) and developed the military-first policy with the national credo of 'counterattack the mainland,' and as a result, the development of the infrastructure in Taiwan was put on the back-burner.
- その目的は、西郷と共に下野した不平士族たちを統率することと、県内の若者を教育することであったが、外国人講師を採用したり、優秀な私学校徒を欧州へ遊学させる等、積極的に西欧文化を取り入れており、外征を行うための強固な軍隊を創造することを目指していた。
- SAIGO founded the schools to lead the band of fuhei shizoku (former samurai with gripes), who left the government as he did, and to educate the youth in the prefecture; moreover, with the goal of forming a strong army to go on a foreign campaign, he positively introduced Western culture by employing foreign instructors and sending capable students to Western countries to study.
- 宋代の官田は、民田が州・県などの地方政府によって管理されるのに対し、官田を専管する中央官庁の下に置かれ、国家は契約した小作人(官佃戸)から租を徴収していたが、元、明と時代が下るにつれて、官田の多くは民田と共に地方政府によって管理されるようになった。
- Unlike private estates which were managed by local governments such as zhou (prefecture) and xian (county), Kanden in the Song period was under the control of central authorities and the state collected land taxes from contracted tenant farmers, but in more recent years in Yaun and Ming, most kanden were controlled by local governments as well as private estates.
- 第一番から第三十三番までの巡礼道は約1000kmであり四国八十八箇所の遍路道約1400kmと比較すれば短いが、京都市内をのぞいて札所間の距離が長いため、現在では全行程を歩き巡礼する人はとても少なく、自家用車や公共交通機関を利用する人がほとんどである。
- The total distance of the junrei-do (pilgrimage route) from the first fudasho temple to the thirty-third one is approximately 1000 kilometers, which is shorter than the henro michi (pilgrimage route) of the Shikoku Hachijuhakkasho (Eighty-eight Holy Places in the Shikoku region); because the distance between two fudasho temples of the Saigoku Sanjusankasho are long except in Kyoto City, however, a few people nowadays walk the entire pilgrimage route and instead most use their own cars or public transportation.
- 15世紀から16世紀にかけて、渡党を統一することで渡島半島南部の領主に成長していった蠣崎氏は豊臣秀吉・徳川家康から蝦夷地の支配権、交易権を公認され、名実共に安東氏から独立し、江戸時代になると蠣崎氏は松前氏と改名して大名に列し渡党は明確に和人とされた。
- From the fifteenth century to the sixteenth century, the Kakizaki clan, who was growing to become the feudal lord of the southern Oshima Peninsula by unifying Watari-to, was recognized as to the right of dominion and trade in the Ezo territory by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and thus became independent from the Ando clan in both name and reality; and the Kakizaki clan changed its name to Matsumae and was elevated to Daimyo (Japanese feudal lord), by which Watari-to became Japanese in Edo period.
- これに対し、若井敏明の説では、叔母(皇女)の方は「青海」「忍海」であり忍海部や飯豊ではなく、姪(王女)の方は「忍海部」または「飯豊青」であり忍海や青海ではない(「忍海」の二字が共有されているが叔母は「部」の字がつかず姪の方は「部」の字がつく)とする。
- On the other hand, in the theory of Toshiaki WAKAI, the aunt (Imperial princess) was 'Aomi' and 'Oshinumi,' not Oshinumibe and Iitoyo, and the niece (princess) was 'Oshinumibe' and 'Iitoyoao,' not Oshinumi and Aomi (they share the two words 'Oshinumi' [忍海], but the one of aunt has no 'be' [部] while the one of niece has 'be.')
- そのため、1918年に、日本の統治権が及ぶ各地域間の法令の適用範囲の確定及び連絡統一を目的とする共通法(大正7年法律第39号)(1918年4月17日施行)が制定された(2005年現在も廃止の措置は採られていないが、事実上失効していると解されている)。
- Therefore, the Common law (Act No.39 of 1918) was enacted and came into effect on April 17, 1918 to determine the application range of the laws in these regions where Japan held sovereignty and to integrate those laws (As of 2005, no official measure has been taken to abolish the said Common law, but it is considered practically invalid).
- 贈答、祭(盆踊りなどで持って踊る)、縁起もの(縁日に売られる)、宣伝する(広告)、装う(おしゃれの小道具)、流行にのる(おしゃれ、描かれる模様)、狩る・追う(蛍狩り・追い、遊び)、選別(籾殻を、農耕)、火消し(火の粉を払う、村の共有品、大型のうちわ)
- It is also used as presents, a lucky charm (sold at a festival day), and used for enjoying festivals (enjoy dance holding it in Bon Festival Dance and other festivals), advertising, putting it on (as a fashion tool), following the current fashion (influenced by the pattern on the fan part), catching fireflies and driving insects away, sorting out paddy from rice husks, extinguishing fire (by fanning the sparks away, a large type was used).
- 土器や石器と違い、住居跡からの出土はほとんど無く、また銅剣や銅矛など他の銅製品と異なり、墓からの副葬品としての出土例は一度もないため(弥生時代の墓制墳丘墓の周濠部からの出土は一例ある)、個人の持ち物ではなく、村落共同体全体の所有物であったとされている。
- Also, unlike earthwares and stone tools, few dotaku were excavated from dwelling sites and, unlike other copper items such as doken (bronze swords) and dohoko (bronze pikes), no dotaku used as burial goods in tombs were discovered (One example exists of excavation at a groove surrounding the grave mound in the Yayoi period.), which indicates that dotaku were not private belongings but property of village communities.
- 但し、現憲法の「公共の福祉」による制限も法律による人権の制限の一種であり、現在教育の現場で解説されるように「旧憲法のそれは非常に制限的であり、現憲法のそれは開放的である」とする程の本質的な差はないとする意見もある(但し、比較的な傾向としては肯定する)。
- However, limitations for the sake of the 'public welfare' defined by the current constitution could be also a kind of limitation of human rights, some people opposed to the common idea instructed at schools, 'the former constitution was too restrictive, but the current constitution was unlimited' and they thought there was not radical difference between two constitutions (but they approved the relative difference).
- このことは予期せぬ野火に至る恐れがあったり、農家の減少で藁が十分に集められない、若者がサラリーマン化して日程の都合がつかないな、ダムの建設で山間部を離れる、過疎化や近代化など多くの古来からのそれぞれの地域の慣習や行事が消えて行く事と共通するものがある。
- The reasons for this, which have also caused many other time-honored customs and events to disappear, include: concern about unexpected bush fire, lack of straw caused by a decrease in the farming population, changing life style of young men who are busy as office workers, construction of dams which drive villagers out of mountainous regions, depopulation and modernization.
- いっぽう、地歌と共に三曲のひとつであり、やはり盲人音楽家たちが専門としてきた箏曲は、江戸初期の発展とは裏腹に中期になると停滞してしまい、むしろ独自に発展するのではなく、地歌の肩を借り、地歌三味線曲に付随し合奏するという形で、後期に至るまで発展してきた。
- On the other hand, the development of koto music, one of sankyoku along with jiuta specialized by the blind musicians, was sluggish in the middle of Edo period unlike its prosperity in the beginning of Edo period, and kept growing until the end of Edo period in the form of accompanying jiuta shamisen music without seeking an independent development.
- 舞鶴港が1951年(昭和27年)に重要港湾に指定、また1995年(平成7年)には日本海側港湾では初めてFAZ(輸入促進地域)の指定を受けるなど、中華人民共和国や大韓民国、ロシアなど定期コンテナ航路を有する国際貿易港を持つ交流・物流都市としての性格を持つ。
- Since Maizuru Port was designated as an Important Port in 1951 and also designated the first among the Japan Sea coast ports as FAZ (Foreign Access Zone), it has thus taken on the characteristic of a logistics/trade city functioning as an international trade port with periodical container carrier routes between the People's Republic of China, Republic of Korea and Russian Federation.
- 共同実施 (JI Joint Implementation) とは、投資先進国(出資をする国)がホスト先進国(事業を実施する国)で温室効果ガス排出量を削減し、そこで得られた削減量 (ERU Emission Reduction Unit) を取引する制度。
- Joint Implementation (JI) refers to a system in which an advanced country of investment (a country which invests) reduces the amount of greenhouse gases emissions in a host advanced country of investment (a country where the activities are carried out); and the reduction of emissions achieved there (ERU: Emission Reduction Unit) is traded among these advanced countries.
- しかし、この戦いの後に中央で足利尊氏が室町幕府を開いた後も菊池氏は南朝方として頑強に抵抗を続け、さらに南朝の後醍醐天皇の皇子である懐良親王が伊予国の宇都宮貞泰と共に九州に上陸して幕府勢力と戦い、一時期九州は懐良親王率いる征西軍府の南朝方が圧倒的優位の地となる。
- However, after the battle, Takauji ASHIKAGA established the Muromachi Shogunate as the central government, but the Kikuchi clan continued to resist stubbornly as the Southern Court side; furthermore, Imperial Prince Kaneyoshi, an Imperial prince of Emperor Godaigo, along with Sadayasu UTSUNOMIYA of Iyo Province landed in Kyushu to fight the Shogunate side, and the Southern Court side led by Imperial Prince Kaneyoshi in the anti-western forces posts dominated Kyushu for a while.
- 伝承によれば13世紀頃、南宋鎮江(現中華人民共和国江蘇省鎮江)の径山寺で作られていた、刻んだ野菜を味噌につけ込む金山寺味噌の製法を、紀伊国(和歌山県)の由良町興国寺の開祖法燈円明國師(ほうとうえんめいこくし)が日本に伝え、湯浅町周辺で金山寺味噌作りが広まった。
- According to the story, the manufacturing method of kinzanji miso; miso mixed with chopped vegetables, which was made in Jingshan Temple in Zhenjiang, Southern Sung (present day Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China), was introduced to Japan by Hotoenmei-kokushi, a founder of Kokoku-ji Temple in Yura Town, Kii Province (Wakayama Prefecture) around the 13th century, and production of kinzanji miso started around Yuasa Town.
- 外交と防衛を主任務とすると共に、西海道9国(筑前国、筑後国、豊前国、豊後国、肥前国、肥後国、日向国、薩摩国、大隅国)と三島(壱岐国、対馬国、多禰国(現在の大隅諸島。824年に大隅に編入))については、掾(じょう)以下の人事や四度使の監査などの行政・司法を所管した。
- Its major roles were foreign diplomacy and defense, and for the nine provinces in Saikaido (Chikuzen, Chikugo, Buzen, Bungo, Hizen, Higo, Hyuga, Satsuma, and Osumi Provinces) and three islands (Iki, Tsushima, and Tane (present Osumi Islands, absorbed into Osumi in 824) Provinces), it held jurisdiction over an administrative branch and a judiciary branch including personnel affairs of jo (secretary of provincial offices) and lower ranks as well as auditing shidoshi (envoys who bring four major official documents sent by kokushi (provincial governors)).
- 後円融上皇の死後、わずかに残っていた朝廷の政治的権力も足利義満の手でほとんどすべて幕府に接収され、貴族たちも多くは室町殿と主従関係を結んで幕府に従属し、院政は支配する対象自体を失い、朝廷も政府としての機能を失い、天皇を中心とする貴族たち(公家)の利益共同体に転落する。
- After the death of Retired Emperor Goenyu, almost all of the few political powers left in the Imperial Court were requisitioned to bakufu by Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, many nobilities also subordinated to Bakufu by forming lord and vassal relationships with Muromachi-dono (the head position of Muromachi Bakufu inherited by Ashikaga family), Insei lost the objective to rule, the Imperial Court lost its functions as a government, and the position fell into a profitable community by nobilities (Kuge) with the Emperor in center.
- 酒呑童子と意気投合した茨木童子は舎弟となり共に周囲の村々を襲っていたが、そのうわさを聞いた母が、彼の幼い頃の産着を着けて茨木童子の前に立つと、茨木童子は急に子供の頃の想い出が甦ったか、「二度とこの地を踏まぬ」と約束して、酒呑童子とともに信州戸隠山などを経て京へと向かった。
- Ibaraki Doji, who had found such a kindred spirit in Shuten Doji, also became his henchman, and together they began raiding the villages nearby; Ibaraki's mother, after hearing rumors of his misdeeds, draped herself in his baby clothes and appeared before him, which suddenly caused him to be flooded with memories of his childhood, so he vowed that 'never shall I set foot in this region again,' and together with Shuten Doji, began to make his way towards the capital (Kyoto), passing through Mt. Togakushi in Shinano (Nagano).
- 戦国時代 (日本)末期には京都での天皇や公家の窮乏は著しく、烏帽子を逆さまにして物乞いをしたり、共同浴場に出向いたりする公家も生じるようになったが、有力戦国大名や織田信長政権が天皇・公家を政治的・経済的に意識的に保護したことによってその後まで制度として継続することになる。
- At the end of the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (Japan), the destitution of the Emperor and Kuge in Kyoto was remarkable, like some Kuge begged by putting his formal headwear for court nobles upside down and some Kuge going to public bathhouse, but it was continued as a system because of the intentional protections of the Emperor and Kuge in both political and economical ways made by powerful Sengoku-daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) and the government by Nobunaga ODA.
- 倭寇としても有名な九州北部の松浦党は、外部からは「党」と見られるが、その実ほとんど組織的な共同行動はとらず、南北朝時代に九州探題であった今川了俊の働きかけによって最初の下松浦党の一揆団結が行われるが、1384年(永徳4)の一揆誓約書の署名の順番はクジ引によって決たという。
- Matsuurato in northern Kyushu also famous for wako (Japanese pirates) could be interpreted as 'to' from outside, but it did not have same systemized actions, and unified for the first time during the uprising of Shimo Matsuura Party (Lower Matsuura Party) by Ryoshun IMAGAWA, who participated in the Kyushu Tandai (local commissioner) during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), but the order of signature of the contract for the uprising was decided by lottery in 1384.
- ういろうは、神奈川県小田原市が発祥の地であり、同名の民間薬(ういろう (薬品))を製造する外郎家(小田原)の来客用菓子として伝えられていたものが、苗字の外郎がそのまま菓子名の「ういろう」となり、明治以降に薬と共に販売されるようになったことで全国に広まったと考えられている。
- The sweet called Uiro originates from Odawara City, Kanagawa Prefecture, and it is thought that the sweet for guests of the Uiro family (Odawara), which produced a folk medicine named Uiro, was sold under the name Uiro after the Meiji period all over the country.
- 戦国時代 (日本)になると、戦国大名の一円支配が進み、自検断は表向き次第に消滅もしくは縮小していったが、江戸時代以降も村や町(ちょう)といった公認共同体は事実上それに近い自治権を、あたかも自検断権を放棄しているかのごとき建前に立った、政権との妥協と黙認の上に、保持し続けた。
- In the Sengoku period (period of warring states in Japan), ichien shihai (rule the whole territory) by daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) was developed in the Sengoku period and officially Jikendan seemed to disappear and become reduced, however, after the Edo period, authorized communities such as villages and towns (cho) virtually kept possession of their autonomy similar to Jikendan under the compromise and tolerance of the government, standing on the premise that as if they waived their right to judge criminal cases.
- 1932年のコミンテルンテーゼ(いわゆる32年テーゼ)は、共産主義革命を日本で行うため日本の君主制をロシア帝国の絶対君主制であるツァーリズムになぞらえて「天皇制」と表記し、天皇制と封建階級(寄生地主)・ブルジョワジー(独占資本)との結合が日本の権力機構の本質であると規定した。
- Comintern These of 1932 (so-called these of 32) likened the Japanese monarchism to the tsarism of Russia which was the absolute monarchy and rendered the Japanese monarchism as 'Tennosei' (Emperor System) and defined that the combination of the Emperor system, parasitic landowners (privileged people under the feudal system) and bourgeoisie (monopolistic capitalists) is the essence of the Japanese power mechanism.
- 14世紀には、「渡党」(北海道渡島半島。近世の松前藩の前身)、「日の本」(北海道 (地方公共団体)太平洋側と千島。近世の東蝦夷)、「唐子」(北海道日本海側と樺太。近世の西蝦夷)に分かれ、渡党は和人と言葉が通じ、本州との交易に従事したという文献(『諏訪大明神絵詞』)が残っている。
- In the fourteenth century the Ezo group was divided into Watari-to (Oshima Peninsula in Hokkaido, the predecessor of the Matsumae domain in modern history), Hinomoto (the Pacific Ocean side of Hokkaido (local public entity) and Chishima (Kurile Islands), or Higashi-Ezo in modern history), Karako (the Sea of Japan side of Hokkaido and Sakhalin, or Nishi-Ezo in modern history); and a record stating that Watari-to could communicate with Japanese and conducted trade with people in Honshu is seen in one document (Suwa Daimyojin Ekotoba).
- 祖の武智麻呂は藤原北家の藤原房前とともに、元正天皇朝~聖武天皇朝にかけて長屋王と政権を争ったが、神亀6年(729年)長屋王の変により政権を掌握し、藤原四兄弟たちと共に聖武朝で政権を主導した(藤原四子政権)が、天平9年(737年)の天然痘蔓延により他の兄弟とともに病没してしまう。
- Thereafter, in the period of the Emperor Kanmu, FUJIWARA no Tsugutada, the son of Toyonari who was Muchimaro's eldest son, and FUJIWARA no Korekimi, the son of FUJIWARA no Otomaro who was Muchimaro's third son, successively became minister of the right, whereby the power of Nanke was maintained.Thereafter, in the period of the Emperor Kanmu, FUJIWARA no Tsugutada, the son of Toyonari who was Muchimaro's eldest son, and FUJIWARA no Korekimi, the son of FUJIWARA no Otomaro who was Muchimaro's third son, successively became minister of the right, whereby the power of the Southern House of the Fujiwara clan was maintained.
- 明治維新では昌平坂学問所は新政府に接収され、併設された開成所(天文方の流れを組む)、医学所(種痘所の流れを組む)も共に1869年(明治2年)昌平学校、開成学校、医学校として再開し、同年大学本校、南校、東校となり、のち合わせて大学校となるが、1870年(明治3年)の学制改正で休校。
- Due to the Meiji Restoration, Shoheizaka Gakumonjo was condemned by the new government; Gakumonjo included Kaiseijo (which had a channel of tenmonkata (an astronomer appointed by bakufu)) and Igakusho (which had a channel of shutosho (vaccination institute)); they were reopened as a Shohei school, Kaisei school and medical school in 1869; these three became Daigaku Honko, Nanko and Higashiko in the same year and were later combined to be Daigakko, which was ultimately closed due to the revision of the school system in 1870.
- 足利義満の死後には天皇が家門安堵の権限を回復するようになるが、その一方で軍事力を持たない公家社会においては室町幕府や守護大名の軍事力に依存しなければ家領の保全が不可能であったために、天皇が家門そのものを安堵し、将軍が家領の実質面での安堵を行うという共同体制が長く続くことになった。
- After his death, the emperors regained the authority to approve families, but since there was no military force in the court nobles' society it was impossible to maintain family estates without depending on the military force of the Muromachi bakufu or the Shugo (Military Governor) Daimyo; thus the cooperative system in which emperors approved of the names of families and shoguns literally approved of family estates continued for a long time.
- 「武」は、鉄剣・鉄刀銘文(稲荷山古墳鉄剣銘文 獲加多支鹵大王と江田船山古墳の鉄剣の銘文獲□□□鹵大王)の王名が雄略天王に比定され、和風諡号(『日本書紀』大泊瀬幼武命、『古事記』大長谷若建命・大長谷王)とも共通する実名の一部「タケル」に当てた漢字であることが明らかであるとする説がある。
- According to a theory which identifies 'Bu' as Emperor Yuryaku, the Chinese character '武' can be read 'Bu' as well as 'Takeru' which corresponds to a part of the king's name inscribed on iron swords (Wakatakeru no Okimi [the Great King Wakatakeru] in Inariyama-kofun Tumulus, and the Wa□□□ru no Okimi in Eta Funayama Tumulus) and this king has been identified as Emperor Yuryaku, whose real name and his Japanese-style posthumous name (Ohatsuse no Wakatakeru no Mikoto in 'Nihonshoki' and Ohatsusewakatakeru no mikoto/Ohatsuse no miko in 'Kojiki') commonly include 'Takeru'.
- これは歴史上で見れば、鎌倉時代に皇位継承で朝廷内が紛糾した際に鎌倉幕府が両統迭立原則を呈示して仲裁にあたった事例に近い性質のものである(ここで問題とされたものは、後に紫衣事件や尊号一件などで再び議論が持ち上がったものばかりで、幕府権力をもってしても困難な課題であった事も共通している)。
- Historically, this case is similar to the fact that the Kamakura bakufu presented the principle of ryoto tetsuritsu (alternate accedence from two ancestries of imperial families) to the imperial court which was split over the issue of the succession to the throne. (The issues regarded as questionable on that are also common to which were difficult issues even for the authority of the bakufu to settle and arose discussions later such as the Shie Incident and the Songo Incident.)
- 聖武天皇の出家(神⇒仏)、孝謙太上天皇の再即位(仏⇒神)など神仏混交が進み天皇の地位が変質するなか、孝謙天皇(称徳天皇)の看病禅師として宮中に入り、寵愛されるようになっていた道鏡は、天皇に準ずる法王に即位し、家政機関も設置されるなど事実上の女帝との共同統治者となり仏教事業や神祇を司った。
- While Shinto and Buddhist deities progressed to commingle and the position of the Emperor was transformed, with the entry of Emperor Shomu into priesthood (God to Buddha) and the re-enthronement of the Retired Empress Koken (Buddha to God), Dokyo, who entered the imperial court as a nursing-dhyana-priest for Empress Koken (Empress Shotoku) and had been favored by her, was enthroned as the Priest Emperor, acting correspondingly with the Emperor, and he became the de-facto co-governor with the Empress, in charge of the management Buddhism business and religious ceremonies for gods of heaven and earth.
- 8日、開戦に積極的で無かったとされる慶喜は大坂城におり、旧幕府軍の敗戦が決定的となり、7日には慶喜に対して追討令が出た報を聞くと、その夜僅かな側近及び老中・板倉勝静、同・酒井忠惇、会津藩主・松平容保・桑名藩主・松平定敬と共に密かに城を脱し、大阪湾に停泊中の幕府軍艦・開陽丸で江戸に退却した。
- Yoshinobu, who is said to have not actively supported starting a war, stayed at Osaka Castle when the defeat of the former Shogunate forces was imminent and he was informed of the issuing of the punitive order against him on February 7; that night Yoshinobu secretly escaped from the castle and retreated to Edo on the Shogunate warship Kaiyo Maru on February 8, which had been anchored at Osaka Bay, along with a few of his close aides as well as Katsukiyo ITAKURA (a senior councilor), Tadato SAKAI (a senior councilor), Katamori MATSUDAIRA (the lord of the Aizu domain) and Sadaki MATSUDAIRA (the lord of the Kuwana domain).
- 続く南北朝時代 (日本)には埴科郡に割拠する有力豪族村上氏と共に北朝 (日本)方に属し、正平 (日本)6年/観応2年(1351年)6月に高梨経頼は小笠原為経・小笠原光宗らと足利直義の諏訪直頼の代官祢津宗貞と野辺原(須坂市野辺)で戦い、8月には富部河原、善光寺、米子城(須坂市米子)で戦った。
- During the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, the Takashina clan and the powerful Murakami clan, which was active in Hanishina County, were on the Northern Court side, and Tsuneyori TAKANASHI (along with Tametsune OGASAWARA and Mitsumune OGASAWARA) fought Munesada NETSU, the local governor for Naoyori SUWA, on the side of Naoyoshi ASHIKAGA, at Nobehara (Nobe, Suzaka City) in July of 1351 at Tobe Gawara, Zenko-ji Temple, Yonago-jo Castle (Yonago, Suzaka City) in September.
- 岡山県にて広く語り継がれている吉備津神社 (岡山市)の縁起物語によると、地域を荒らし鬼ノ城(きのじょう)に住む「鬼」である温羅(うら)を犬飼健(いぬかいたける)・楽々森彦(ささもりひこ)・留玉臣(とめたまおみ)という三人の家来と共に倒し、その祟りを鎮めるために温羅を神社の釜の下に封じたとされている。
- According to a historical story of Kibitsu-jinja Shrine in Okayama City, which has been passed down throughout Okayama Prefecture, Kibitsuhiko no Mikoto and his three retainers, Inukai Takeru, Sasa Morihiko, and Tome Tamaomi defeated Ura, an 'oni' (ogre) who lived in Kino-jo Castle and was terrorizing the area, and to break his curse, they are said to have sealed Ura under the iron pot of the shrine.
- これに対して南インドでは伝統的な村落共同体の影響が強いために、農民の従来通りの土地所有を前提としてより緩やかなライーヤトワーリー制が導入されたものの、5-6割の地租の前に未納を理由とした官の没収もしくは納税のための借金のかたに領主・地主層からなる金融業者の差押を経て北インドと同様の土地支配体制が広がっていった。
- In contrast to this, the influence of the village community was strong in the south of India and though the more loose Raiyatowari system was introduced there on the premise of traditional farmers' landownership, the lands were confiscated by government officials because of non-payment of 50 to 60 percent of land tax, or the lands were seized by money brokers who consisted of the lords and landowners because of tax payments for debts and through these, the land government system spread as in the north of India.
- 新撰組組員の墓参りをする女性ファンも多く、坂本龍馬ら勤皇の志士と共に“日本史のアイドル的存在”となっているが、明治政府がかれらと敵対する勤皇派志士たちによって設立された経緯もあり、近年まで史学的にもほとんど注目されることがなく、現在における人気は子母沢寛や司馬遼太郎らによる新選組をテーマにした数々の小説やTVドラマ・映画等の影響が大きい。
- Many female fans also visit the tombs of Shinsen-gumi members, who, together with Imperial loyalists such as Ryoma SAKAMOTO, are 'idols of Japanese history'; but as the Meiji Government was established by Imperial loyalists who were opposed to them, hardly any notice was taken of Shinsen-gumi from a historical standpoint until recently, and their current popularity owes much to many novels about them written by such people as Kan SHIMOZAWA, Ryotaro SHIBA, and also TV dramas, movies, etc.
- 地球温暖化の地球温暖化の原因となる、温室効果ガスの一種である二酸化炭素 (CO2)、メタン (CH4)、亜酸化窒素 (N2O)、フロン類類 (HFCs)、フロン類類 (PFCs)、六フッ化硫黄(SF6) について、先進国における削減率を1990年を基準として各国別に定め、共同で約束期間内に目標値(削減目標参照)を達成することが定められた。
- As for the greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), Fluorocarbons (HFCs, PFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), which are the causes of global warming, developed countries agreed to set reduction rates of emissions with respect to the 1990 levels respectively, and collaboratively aim to achieve the target rates within the committed period (see the reduction target).
- 朝鮮民主主義人民共和国・大韓民国では文禄の役を壬辰倭乱(じんしんわらん、、イムジンウェラン、戦役総称として使う場合もあり)、慶長の役を丁酉倭乱(ていゆうわらん、、チョンユウェラン)または丁酉再乱(ていゆうさいらん、、チョンユヂェラン)と呼んでいる(北朝鮮では壬辰祖国戦争(じんしんそこくせんそう、、イムジンチョグクチョンジェン)と呼ばれる場合もある)。
- In the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the Republic of Korea, the Bunroku War is called Imjin Waeran (It is also used as the generic name of the Wars), and the Keicho War is called Chonyu Ueran or Chonyu Jeran (In the North Korea, in certain cases it is also called Imjin chogukuchonjen).
- 156番の歌の「巳具耳矣自得見監乍共」の訓読として、「去年(こぞ)のみを我と見えつつ(去年ばかりは私と逢ったが、共に寝ない夜が多い)」(全註釈)「夢にのみ見えつつもとな(亡くなった人の姿が夢にばかり見えて、共に寝なくなった夜が多い)」(私注)「夢にだに見むとすれども(「夢にのみ~」と同じ意味)」(古典大系本)などが挙げられているが、未だ定説をみるには至っていない。
- Although Kundoku (reading Chinese texts as Japanese texts) for the 156th poem '巳具耳矣自得見監乍共' includes the following three reading examples, none of these has become an established theory: (1) 'Even we met each other last year, there are many nights when we do not sleep together' (Zenchushaku [a comprehensive commentary]), (2) 'As the figure of the deceased appears in my dream, there are many nights when we do not sleep together' (Shichu [Personal Notes]) and (3) The same meaning as the above (2) (Koten Taikeihon [anthology of classical Japanese literature]).
- 第二次世界大戦の終戦後、連合国(UN)の間では、軍国主義の一因として天皇を処罰し、天皇制を廃止すべきだという意見が強かったが、日本政府がその維持を強く唱えたこともあり、ダグラス・マッカーサー元帥、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部 (GHQ/SCAP) は、日本の占領行政を円滑に進めるため、また共産主義に対する防波堤としても皇室制度は存続させるべきだという方向性を取った。
- After the end of the World War II, between the countries of the UN, the opinion to punish the Emperor for militarism and abolish Tennosei was strong, but because the Japanese government strongly advocated the preservation of the Emperor, General Douglas MACARTHUR and the General Headquarters of the Allied Powers (GHQ/SCAP), to smoothly advance the administration of occupation and as a bulwark against communism, took the direction that the Imperial Household system should be preserved.
- なお、『日本書紀』に引く「百済本記」(「百濟本記爲文 其文云 大歳辛亥三月 軍進至于安羅 營乞乇城 是月 高麗弑其王安 又聞 日本天皇及太子皇子 倶崩薨 由此而言 辛亥之歳 當廿五年矣」)によれば、531年頃に天皇と太子・皇子が共に薨去したという所伝があるといい、継体天皇の死後、安閑天皇・宣化天皇の朝廷と欽明天皇の朝廷が並立していたとか、2朝間に内乱があったと見る説もある(「辛亥の変」説)。
- According to the 'Kudarahonki' (Original records of Paekche) quoted by 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), a legend has it that Emperor Keitai and Prince died together around 531, and another theory has it that after the death of Emperor Keitai, two Imperial Courts existed at the same time, one was reigned by Emperor Ankan and Emperor Senka, the other was reigned by Emperor Kinmei, and they had a domestic conflict ('Shingai Coup' theory).
- 1905年(明治38年)-1925年(大正14年)とする説、1918年(大正7年)-1931年(昭和6年)とする説、1905年(明治38年)-1931年(昭和6年)とする説など、「大正デモクラシー」と呼称されるべき期間もその定義内容に応じて変動するが、いずれも大正天皇の在位期間(1912年(大正元年)-1926年(昭和元年))を中心とし1918年の第一次世界大戦の終了と、富山県で発生した米騒動をデモクラシー運動はじまりの中核として取り上げる点においては共通している。
- Although there are differences also regarding the time period for Taisho Democracy depending on the definition of this period, with some dating it from 1905 to 1925 and others claiming the period to be from 1918 to 1931 or from 1905 to 1931, consensus can be found in the facts that the period centers on the reign of Emperor Taisho (1912-1926), along with the end of World War I in 1918 and the rice riots in Toyama Prefecture marking the rise of movements calling for greater democracy.
- 朝鮮併合がなった際、初代総督寺内正毅は『小早川、加藤、小西が世にあれば、今宵の月をいかにみるらむ(秀吉公の朝鮮征伐に参加された小早川・加藤・小西の諸将が今生きていれば、朝鮮を日本のものとしたこの夜の月をどのような気持ちでみられるだろうか)』と歌を詠み、外務部長だった小松緑はこれに返歌して、『太閤を地下より起こし見せばやな高麗(こま)やま高くのぼる日の丸(太閤殿下を蘇らせ見せ申し上げたいものだ、朝鮮の山々に高く翻る日の丸を)』と歌い、共に太閤の成し得なかった朝鮮の編入が成功したことを喜んだ。
- When annexation of Korea was completed, Masatake TERAUCHI who was the first Governor-General of Korea, composed a waka, 'If Kobayakawa, Kato, and Konishi were alive, how would they look the moon of tonight' (If Kobayakawa, Kato, and Konishi, who were commanders took part in the war by Hideyoshi to conquer Korea were still alive, how would they look at the moon of tonight after obtaining Korea for Japan) and Midori KOMATSU who was the secretary of foreign affairs, composed in reply to it 'I would like to awake Taiko (Hideyoshi) from the underground and make him look at Hinomaru (national flag of Japan) above the mountains of Korea' (I would like to revive Taiko and show him Hinomaru flaunting above mountains of Korea) and they were delighted at success to annex of Korea which Hideyoshi could not achieve.