公務: 498 Terms and Phrases

• 公務
• official business
• public business
• public service
• public duty
• civil service
• official duty

• 公務中
• on duty

• 公務所
• public office

• 公務上
• in line of public duty

• 公務員
• government worker
• public servant
• civil servant
• public officer
• public official
• Civil Service
• officeholder
• government workers
• Civil servants

• 公務疾病
• sickness incurred in line of duty

• 公務災害
• accidents in line of duty

• 公務上の
• official

• 公務員課
• Local Public Service Personnel Division

• 公務員部
• Local Public Service Personnel Department

• 公務費用
• OFFICIAL DUTY EXPENSES

• 国家公務員
• government official
• national public officer
• national civil servant
• national public servant

• 地方公務員
• local government employee
• local public officer

• 公務員試験
• civil service examination

• 公務員協会
• Society of Civil Servants

• 宮中の公務
• Official duties inside the Palace

• 国家公務員法
• National Civil Service Law (1947)
• National Public Service Act
• National Public Officer Act;

• 公務執行妨害
• interference with a public servant in the execution of his or her duties
• obstruction of performance of public duty

• 国際公務労連
• Public Services International

• 公務員研修所
• training institute for civil servants
• National Institute of Public Administration

• 公務員管理職
• executive positions in the civil service

• 公務員の尋問
• Examination of Public Officer

• 地方公務員法
• The Local Public Service Law
• Local Public Officer Act;

• 公務員の書類
• Documents Prepared by a Public Officer

• 公務員職権濫用
• Abuse of Authority by public officers

• 漁業監督公務員
• Fisheries Supervising Public Officers

• 米国公務員連合
• American Federation of Government Employees
• AFGE

• 公務員の国外犯
• Crimes Committed by Public Officials outside Japan

• 公務員研修所長
• Director General

• 公務等活動指数
• Public Administration etc. Indices

• 国家公務員倫理法
• National Public Service Ethics Act

• 公務所等への照会
• Inquiry for Public Offices, Etc.
• Inquiries to Public Offices, etc.

• 公務員倫理専門官
• Senior Specialist for National Public Service Ethics

• 私は公務員です。
• I'm a government worker.

• 公務員高齢対策課
• Aged Personnel Policy Division

• 公務員たるの性質
• Status as Public Service Personnel

• 弾劾された公務員
• Impeached officials

• 信頼できる公務員
• trustworthy public servants

• 特別公務員職権濫用
• Abuse of Authority by Special public officers

• 特別公務員暴行陵虐
• Assault and Cruelty by Special public officers

• 国家公務員倫理規程
• National Public Service Ethics Code

• 公務員の書類の訂正
• Correction of Documents Prepared by a Public Officer

• 公務員に関する特例
• Special Provisions for Public Officers

• 国家公務員共済組合法
• Act on Mutual Aid Association for National Public Officers;

• 国家公務員倫理審査会
• National Public Service Ethics Board

• 公務員給与年間総予算
• civil list

• 公務員以外の者の書類
• Document Prepared by a Person Other than a Public Officer

• 公務傷病に対する補償
• Compensation for Injury and Disease Incurred in Line of Public Duty

• 彼女は地方公務員だ。
• She is a local government officer.

• 欧州連合公務員裁判所
• European Union Civil Service Tribunal

• 公務員による不法行為
• wrongful conduct by a public official

• 公務要事（5巻程度）
• Public service duties (approximately 5 volumes)

• 地方公務員等共済組合法
• Act on Mutual Aid Association for Local Public Officers, etc.;

• 公務の執行を妨害する罪
• Crimes of Obstruction of Performance of Public Duty

• 国家公務員研修センター
• Training Center for National Public Employees

• 公務所の用に供する文書
• document provided for use of the public office

• 父は東京都庁の公務員。
• His father was a government worker for the City Council of Tokyo Prefecture.

• 今で言うみなし公務員。
• They were what would now be called deemed public servants.

• 公務執行妨害及び職務強要
• Obstructing or Compelling Performance of Public Duty

• 海外交渉に従事する公務員
• an official engaged in international negotiations

• 彼の公務に対する長い献身
• his long commitment to public service

• 特別公務員職権濫用等致死傷
• Abuse of Authority Causing Death or Injury by Special public officers

• 国家公務員宿舎法の適用除外
• Exemption from Application of the National Public Officers' Housing Act

• 官庁のメンバーである公務員
• a public official who is a member of the civil service

• 国家公務員倫理審査会事務局
• Secretariat of the National Public Service Ethics Board

• 役員及び職員の公務員たる性質
• Nature of Officers and Staff Members as Public Officers
• Status of Officers and Personnel as Public Officer
• Status of Officers and Personnel as Public Employees

• 第三目　公務傷病に対する補償
• Division 3 Compensation for Injury and Disease Incurred in Line of Public Duty

• 公務がない英国内閣の上級閣僚
• the senior cabinet minister in the British Cabinet who has no official duties

• 公務上、もしくは職務上の訪問
• a visit in an official or professional capacity

• 名前の分からない公務員の官僚
• anonymous bureaucrats in the Civil Service

• 公務の処理における賢明な行動
• wisdom in the management of public affairs

• 国家公務員倫理規程 （第五条）
• National Public Service Ethics Code (Article 5)

• 公務員として職務上取り扱った事件
• Cases which the patent attorney has handled in the course of his/her duties as a public officer;

• 公務員として職務上取り扱つた事件
• Cases that he/she handled as a public officer in the course of performing his/her duties;

• 国家公務員倫理審査会への権限の委任
• Delegation of Authority to the National Public Service Ethics Board

• 公務のために多くの時間がとられる。
• My public duties take a lot of time.

• 一般職の国家公務員等に対する取扱い
• Treatment of National Public Employees in the Regular Service

• 能力に基づく公務員の任用、昇進体系
• the system of employing and promoting civil servants on the basis of ability

• 公務を帯びて2度、南島に使いした。
• He visited southern islands twice due to official duties.

• 現在の公務員の宿舎に近いものである。
• It was similar to housing for government workers today.

• 票を買うか、公務員を買収するための基金
• a fund for buying votes or bribing public officials

• 第二節 - 公務で出張する職員の滞在費
• Section II - Subsistence allowance for staff members traveling on official duty

• 公務員などの決定が私利に影響されること
• a situation in which a public official's decisions are influenced by the official's personal interests

• 不始末において、非難を受けている公務員
• an official under fire for mismanagement

• 社員等が公務員として職務上取り扱った事件
• Cases in which the member or the like has handled in the course of duties as a public officer;

• 政府システム内での雇用（特に公務員での）
• employment within a government system (especially in the civil service)

• 公務上の負傷又は疾病に起因する職員の死亡
• death of the official resultant of injury or disease incurred in line of public duty

• 大日本帝国憲法第19条 公務への志願の自由
• Article 19. Right to be appointed to civil or military or any other public offices equally

• 外国公務員等に対する不正の利益の供与等の禁止
• Prohibition to Provide Illicit Gain, etc. to Foreign Public Officers, etc.

• 外国の政府又は地方公共団体の公務に従事する者
• a person who engages in public services of a national or local government of a foreign state;

• 第二十条中国家公務員法第五条第三項の改正規定
• The provisions in Article 20 for revising Article 5, paragraph 3 of the National Public Service Act;

• 国家公務員倫理審査会 （第十条―第三十八条）
• National Public Service Ethics Board (Article 10 - Article 38)

• どういった時事が公務員試験で出題されるのか。
• What sort of current affairs appear in the civil service examination?

• 在職中の犯罪または軽犯罪で（公務員を）告訴する
• charge (a public official) with an offense or misdemeanor committed while in office

• 馬鹿な公務員はいくつかの本当に馬鹿な決定をする
• dumb officials make some really dumb decisions

• 米国の脚本家で公務員（1902年−1987年）
• United States playwright and public official (1902-1987)

• 国家公務員の職は、これを一般職と特別職とに分つ。
• Positions of the national public servants shall be divided into regular service and special service positions.

• 奥向の公務の一つに将軍の夜伽に関するものがある。
• One of female servants' duties in the inner halls was yotogi for shogun (to sleep with shogun).

• 加えて、現業公務員を大量に採用し、組合を保護した。
• In addition, he employed a large number of blue-collar public servants and protected the union.

• 公務の目的において発生する郵便、電報、長距離電話料金
• postal, telegraphic and long-distance telephone charges incurred for official purposes;

• 彼は２０年前、大学を卒業するとすぐに公務員になった。
• He entered civil service 20 years ago right after college.

• 公務員が秘密を漏らして、秘密漏洩罪として罰せられた。
• The public servant leaked the secret and he was prosecuted for revealing a state secret.

• ポーチェスターテラス生のラグビー卒、今は国家公務員。
• born at Porchester Terrace, educated at Rugby; now a clerk in His Majesty's Civil Service.

• 国家公務員共済組合法（昭和三十三年法律第百二十八号）
• National Public Servants Mutual Aid Association Act (Act No. 128 of 1958);

• 適切な公務員に法を履行または施行する権利を与える法律
• legislation that gives appropriate officials the authority to implement or enforce the law

• 前項において「外国公務員等」とは、次に掲げる者をいう。
• The term 'foreign public officer, etc.' as used in the preceding paragraph means any of the following:

• 公務出張により直接発生する査証費用及びこれに類する費用
• visa fees and similar charges arising directly from travel on official duty;

• また、地方の議会や公務員へのサービスもここに含まれる。
• Services to prefectural and other local assemblies, as well as government officials, are included in this category.

• 前三号に掲げるもののほか国家公務員倫理規程で定める事項
• The matters provided for in the National Public Service Ethics Code in addition to what is listed in the preceding three items.

• 公務員による拷問及び残虐な刑罰は、絶対にこれを禁ずる。
• The infliction of torture by any public officer and cruel punishments are absolutely forbidden.

• 会議のたびにノートをとることは、秘書の公務の一つです。
• Taking notes at each meeting is one of the official duties.

• 公務員による拷問及び殘虐な刑罰は、絕對にこれを禁ずる。
• The infliction of torture by any public officer and cruel punishments are absolutely forbidden.

• 公務員による拷問及び殘虐な刑罰は、絶對にこれを禁ずる。
• The infliction of torture by any public officer and cruel punishments are absolutely forbidden.

• 地方公務員等共済組合法（昭和三十七年法律第百五十二号）
• Local Public Service Mutual Aid Association Act (Act No. 152 of 1962);

• 平成20年（2008年）からは単独公務も開始している。
• In 2008 she started her solo public services by herself.

• 第五十六条中地方公務員法第九条第三項及び第八項の改正規定
• The provisions in Article 56 for revising Article 9, paragraphs 3 and 8 of the Local Public Service Act;

• 公務員の選挙については、成年者による普通選挙を保障する。
• Universal adult suffrage is guaranteed with regard to the election of public officials.

• 公務員の選擧については、成年者による普通選擧を保障する。
• Universal adult suffrage is guaranteed with regard to the election of public officials.

• 名前の由来は、'朝夕臭い公務を果たす人'ということから。
• The name of the post derives from the job function as 'a person performing fetid civic duty both day and night.'

• 国家公務員法第百八条の二又は地方公務員法第五十二条の団体
• organizations under Article 108-2 of the National Public Service Act or Article 52 of the Local Public Service Act;

• 公務員の給与、勤務時間その他の勤務条件について定める命令等
• Administrative Orders, etc. about the salaries, working hours and other working conditions of public officers

• 公務でフリーメーソンの組織に反対して1825年に創立される
• founded in 1825 in opposition to Freemasonry in public affairs

• すべて公務員は、全体の奉仕者であつて、一部の奉仕者ではない。
• All public officials are servants of the whole community and not of any group thereof.

• 裁判所の前にもたらされた問題を決定する権限を与えられた公務員
• a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice

• すべて公務員は、全體の奉仕者であつて、一部の奉仕者ではない。
• All public officials are servants of the whole community and not of any group thereof.

• この法律は、国家公務員及び地方公務員については、適用しない。
• This Act shall not apply to national public officers nor local public officers.

• なお、国家公務員が異なる官庁・職種に転じる場合、転官ともいう。
• When government officials transfer to a different government office or workplace, the term tenkan is used.

• 公務及び宮中祭祀を軽減する等、生活全般についての検討を始めた。
• Then, examining whether the number of official duties and court rituals can be reduced, as well as trying to find other effective measures, the agency started reviewing the lifestyle of the emperor as a whole.

• 不誠実な公務員が彼らの公務を果たすために必要なお金を吹っ掛ける
• the extortion by dishonest officials of fees for performing their sworn duty

• 日本銀行の役員及び職員は、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• The Bank of Japan's officers and employees shall be deemed to be those engaged in public service pursuant to laws and regulations.

• 公務員として行う国又は地方公共団体の事務であつて、次に掲げるもの
• Matters of national or local government that are performed as a public officer and that come under any of the following:

• 人事院に、国家公務員倫理審査会（以下「審査会」という。）を置く。
• The National Public Service Ethics Board (hereinafter referred to as the 'Board') shall be established in the National Personnel Authority.

• 公務員で懲戒免職の処分を受け、その処分の日から三年を経過しない者
• a public officer who was dismissed by a disciplinary action, where three years have not elapsed from the day on which such action was taken against him/her
• A public officer who has been dismissed from being a public officer by disciplinary action and has not yet passed three years from the date of such disposition;

• 一般職は、特別職に属する職以外の国家公務員の一切の職を包含する。
• The regular service shall be comprised of all positions of the national public servants other than those belonging to the special service.

• 公務員を選定し、及びこれを罷免することは、国民固有の権利である。
• The people have the inalienable right to choose their public officials and to dismiss them.

• 公務の、あるいは権限を与えられて遂行している国の代表団または代理
• the state of serving as an official and authorized delegate or agent

• 公務員を選定し、及びこれを罷免することは、國民固有の權利である。
• The people have the inalienable right to choose their public officials and to dismiss them.

• 特に古代ローマの公務または民生権限を共有する3人のグループの1人
• one of a group of three sharing public administration or civil authority especially in ancient Rome

• 行使の目的で、公務所の記号を偽造した者は、三年以下の懲役に処する。
• A person who, for the purpose of unauthorized use, counterfeits the mark of a public office shall be punished by imprisonment with work for not more than 3 years.

• 公務所又は公私の団体に対し、必要な報告又は資料の提出を求めること。
• Requesting that any public office or public or private organization submit any necessary report or material.

• 平安中期以降は大極殿に変わり、儀式、公務、謁見の間として使われた。
• It was changed to the Daigokuden building after the mid Heian period and was used as a place to hold ceremonies, government affairs, or as a place for the Emperor to see people.

• 平安時代の寺院は国の管理下にあり、（官）僧は言わば公務員であった。
• Temples during the Heian period were under the control of the government and (public) monks were basically public servants.

• また、公務に関しては時には強引な道長の方針と対立する場合もあった。
• However, on official matters, he sometimes opposed the aggressive policies of Michinaga.

• 国家公務員に割り当てられる一定の職務、責任をもって占める地位のこと。
• Kanshoku is a certain duty allocated to each government official, and a position filled by the government official with responsibility.

• 権力を握っているグループの支持者や友人を登用する公務員の任用、昇進体系
• the system of employing and promoting civil servants who are friends and supporters of the group in power

• その後、有世は左京大夫に昇進して公務を行いつつ、己の技量を磨き続けた。
• Thereafter, Ariyo was promoted to Sakyo no daibu (Master of the Eastern Capital Offices) and served on official affairs, brushing up his skills.

• 公務においてもタコグラフの製造工場を見学するなど、自動車との縁が深い。
• His close relationship with cars leads him to the official duties related to cars, such as visiting a Tachograph manufacturing plant.

• 国家公務員共済組合法又は地方公務員等共済組合法に基づく共済組合の組合員
• a member of a mutual aid association pursuant to the National Public Servants Mutual Aid Association Law or the Local Public Care Service Mutual Aid Association Act;

• 非選挙で登用された公務員がほとんどの政府当局によっておもに管理される政府
• a government that is administered primarily by bureaus that are staffed with nonelective officials

• この法律において「公務所」とは、官公庁その他公務員が職務を行う所をいう。
• The term 'public office' as used in this Code shall mean an office where public officers perform their duties.

• 国家公務員法第十七条の二の規定により委任を受けた権限により調査を行うこと。
• Conducting investigations, based on the authority delegated pursuant to the provision of Article 17-2 of the National Public Service Act.

• この法律は、日本国外において次に掲げる罪を犯した日本国の公務員に適用する。
• This Code shall apply to any public official of Japan who commits one of the following crimes outside the territory of Japan:

• 検察官、検察事務官、司法警察職員その他の公務員（前項に規定する者を除く。）
• a public prosecutor, a public prosecutor's assistant officer, a judicial police official, or any other public officer (excluding the persons prescribed in the preceding paragraph);

• 公務活動を容易にする場合、当該職員が通常受けられるものより高い率の日当の支給
• the payment of subsistence allowance at a higher rate than that to which staff members would normally be entitled if this will facilitate the transaction of official business;

• 御料車としては初のセダンタイプであり、地方行幸啓など通常公務で使用されている。
• It was the first sedan as goryosha and was used for daily official business such as when the Emperor traveled to rural areas.

• 政府･国家機関･国家公務員などに対する一般市民の苦情を処理する立法府任命の委員
• ombudsman

• 公務員で、懲戒免職の処分を受け、その処分を受けた日から起算して二年を経過しない者
• Any public officer who has been dismissed from public officer by disciplinary action and has not yet passed two years from the date of such punishment.

• 委員は、刑法その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• In the application of criminal punishments stipulated pursuant to the Penal Code or other laws, the board members shall be deemed to be officials engaging in public duties pursuant to the provisions of laws and regulations.

• 水戸藩地域からの出身者で公務員となったものはいるが、ほとんどが下級の警官である。
• Some became government employee from the Mito Domain, but most of them were lower class policemen.

• 公務に縛られることなく文芸に身を投じたいという文人的な隠逸を望んだものと思われる。
• It is believed that he sought literary reclusion in his wish to pursue culture.

• 国家公務員倫理規程の制定又は改廃に関して、案をそなえて、内閣に意見を申し出ること。
• Offering opinions to the Cabinet concerning the establishment, revision or abolition of the National Public Service Ethics Code with a draft.

• たとえば行政官または公務員によって行政権力の印として持たれる金属の先端のついたもの
• staff with a metal tip carried as a sign of office by e.g. a bailiff or constable

• 公務で熊野三山の山中に分け入り、深山幽谷に数十日もあって山水の趣を体得したという。
• It is said that he went deep into mountains of Kumano Sanzan (three major shrines, Kumano-Hongu-Taisha, Kumano-Hayatama-Taisha and Kumano-Nachi-Taisha) due to public service and stayed for a few dozen days to learn taste of sansui (landscape).

• これに対し、国司の権限を分掌する幹部地方公務員とも言える在庁官人が急速に成長する。
• On the other hand, Zaichokanjin (the local officials in the Heian and Kamakura periods) or executive local government officials, who had the authority of Kokushi, became influential rapidly.

• 公務であるため宿場や助郷村は無賃で道中に協力させられ大変な迷惑をこうむったという。
• Because the trip was a government service, post stations and sukego-mura villages (government assigned villages along frequently-traveled roads that provided inns and resources for travelers) were made to contribute their support for free, which caused them a tremendous inconvenience.

• 公務所又は公務員が押印し又は署名した文書又は図画を変造した者も、前項と同様とする。
• The same shall apply to a person who alters a document or drawing bearing the seal or signature of a public office or a public officer.

• 公務所の用に供する文書又は電磁的記録を毀棄した者は、三月以上七年以下の懲役に処する。
• A person who damages a document or an electromagnetic record in use by a public office shall be punished by imprisonment with work for not less than 3 months but not more than 7 years.

• 公務執行妨害罪を理由とした事件を中心に逮捕者が出るほどの騒ぎに発展した市町村もある。
• In some municipalities, such rampage developed to the extent of arresting rampaging youths for obstructing officers from performing their duty.

• 捜査については、公務所又は公私の団体に照会して必要な事項の報告を求めることができる。
• Public offices or public or private organizations may be asked to make a report on necessary matters relating to the investigation.

• 委員、監事及び職員は、刑罰法規の適用については、法令により公務に従事する者とみなす。
• Members of the board of directors, auditors and employees of a port authority shall be deemed as public service personnel in accordance with laws and regulations insofar as the application of penal laws is concerned.

• 15歳で初めて江戸城に出仕し、しばしば父親から観能会などの公務を押しつけられたようだ。
• He was first sent to serve at Edo Castle at the age of 15, and it appears that he was apparently pushed by his father to perform various public tasks for the Kanon School.

• 公務所の記号を不正に使用し、又は偽造した公務所の記号を使用した者も、前項と同様とする。
• The same shall apply to a person who uses without due authorization the mark of a public office or who uses a counterfeit mark of a public office.

• 国家公務員倫理規程の遵守のための体制整備に関し、各省各庁の長等に指導及び助言を行うこと。
• Providing guidance and advice to the heads of each ministry and agency, etc. concerning arrangement of system for observance of the National Public Service Ethics Code.

• 前項の規定により検察官の職務を行う弁護士は、これを法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• The attorney who exercises the same function as a public prosecutor pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph shall be deemed to be an official engaged in public service in accordance with laws and regulations.

• また、中央に出られない者は地元で公務員、教師、警察官や消防吏員の道に進むものが多かった。
• Many goshi who did not relocate to urban centers often pursued careers in local areas as: public servants, teachers, police officers, or firefighters.

• 官吏その他の公務員以外の者が作るべき書類には、年月日を記載して署名押印しなければならない。
• With regard to a document to be prepared by a person other than a national public officer or other public officer, said person shall enter the date and affix his/her signature and seal thereto.

• 各藩と諸学校から選ばれた公務人（8月20日に公議人と改称）で構成され、議案提出権を有した。
• It was composed of komu-nin (public-servants) (that was renamed to kogi-nin on August 20) selected from each domain and various schools, and it was invested with the right of introducing bills.

• 駅鈴（えきれい）は、日本の古代律令制に、官吏の公務出張の際に、朝廷より支給された鈴である。
• Ekirei is a bell provided by the Imperial Court to government officials who traveled on official business, under the ritsuryo system of ancient Japan.

• 警察官は、調査について、公務所又は公私の団体に照会して必要な事項の報告を求めることができる。
• A police official may request public offices or public or private organizations to report necessary matters relating to the investigation.

• 懲戒委員会の委員は、刑法その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• In the application of criminal punishments stipulated pursuant to the Penal Code or other laws, the committee members of a Disciplinary Actions Committee shall be deemed to be officials engaging in public duties pursuant to the provisions of laws and regulations.

• 綱紀委員会の委員は、刑法その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• In the application of criminal punishments stipulated pursuant to the Penal Code or other laws, the committee members of a Disciplinary Enforcement Committee shall be deemed to be officials engaging in public duties pursuant to the provisions of laws and regulations.

• 国家公務員宿舎法（昭和二十四年法律第百十七号）の規定は、機構の役員及び職員には、適用しない。
• The provisions of the National Public Officers' Housing Act (Act No. 117 of 1949) shall not apply to the officers and employees of NEDO.

• 通則法第二十二条の規定にかかわらず、教育公務員で政令で定めるものは、理事となることができる。
• Civil servants in the field of education as specified by Cabinet Order may become executive directors, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 22 of the Act on General Rules.
• Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 22 of the Act on General Rules, a person who is a civil servant in the field of education and who has been specified by Cabinet Order may be appointed as a vice-president.

• 公務上の負傷又は疾病に起因した活動不能の期間における経済的困窮に対する職員の保護に関する事項
• Matters concerning protection of the official against economic distress during periods of incapacity resultant of injury or disease incurred in line of public duty;

• 職権を行使した結果である行動により傷ついた誰かに対する責務から公務員に与えられた個人的な免責
• personal immunity accorded to a public official from liability to anyone injured by actions that are the consequence of exerting official authority

• 行使の目的で、公務所又は公務員の印章又は署名を偽造した者は、三月以上五年以下の懲役に処する。
• A person who, for the purpose of unauthorized use, counterfeits the seal or signature of a public office or public officer shall be punished by imprisonment with work for not less than 3 months but not more than 5 years.

• 協会の役員及び職員は、刑法その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• The officers and staff of the Institute shall be deemed to be personnel engaged in public service under laws and regulations with regard to the application of the Penal Code or other penal provisions.

• 入国警備官は、国家公務員法（昭和二十二年法律第百二十号）の規定の適用については、警察職員とする。
• The immigration control officer shall, concerning the application of the National Public Service Act (Act No. 120 of 1947), be deemed a member of the police force.

• 天皇又は摂政及び国務大臣、国会議員、裁判官その他の公務員は、この憲法を尊重し擁護する義務を負ふ。
• The Emperor or the Regent as well as Ministers of State, members of the Diet, judges, and all other public officials have the obligation to respect and uphold this Constitution.

• 天皇又は攝政及び國務大臣、國會議員、裁判官その他の公務員は、この憲法を尊重し擁護する義務を負ふ。
• The Emperor or the Regent as well as Ministers of State, members of the Diet, judges, and all other public officials have the obligation to respect and uphold this Constitution.

• 勅語（ちょくご）とは、原則として天皇が口頭により発する公務上の意思表示であり、詔勅の一種である。
• Chokugo means, in principle, the Emperor's verbal expression of his or her intention concerning official matters, and is a type of Shochoku (imperial rescript).

• 現在、天皇が服喪期間内に公務で外出する必要があるときは、官報の皇室事項欄に除喪の旨が公表される。
• At present, when the Emperor needs to go out as a public service, an announcement to the effect that the Emperor's mourning period is over on the column of the Imperial House things in the official gazette.

• 自己の物であっても、公務所から保管を命ぜられた場合において、これを横領した者も、前項と同様とする。
• The same shall apply to a person who embezzles his/her own property when the person has been ordered by a public office to hold the property in custody.

• 会長、委員及び予備委員は、刑法その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• In the application of criminal punishments stipulated pursuant to the Penal Code or other laws, the president, board members and reserve board members shall be deemed to be officials engaging in public duties pursuant to the provisions of laws and regulations.

• 宮中祭祀を担当する掌典職は、「内廷」の職員であって、宮内庁や国の機関の職員（国家公務員）ではない。
• The ceremonial staff who is responsible for court rituals is the staff of the 'inner court' and not the staff of the Imperial Household Agency or national agencies (national public officer).

• 現在は、天皇の私的使用人としての性格を有する『内廷の職員』とされ宮内庁職員（国家公務員）ではない。
• Nowadays, the staff is regarded as the 'staff of the Imperial Court' which is categorized as the private staff of the emperor, not as 'staff of the Imperial Household Agency (national service personnel).

• 入国警備官は、違反調査について、公務所又は公私の団体に照会して必要な事項の報告を求めることができる。
• An immigration control officer may request information on necessary matters in connection with investigations into violations from public offices or from public or private organizations..

• 任務に違反するための（重罪を犯すことにより）不適当な手段（贈収賄のように）での誘因（公務員のような）
• inducement (as of a public official) by improper means (as bribery) to violate duty (as by commiting a felony)

• 国有財産の払い下げにおいて、その監督官庁に所属する公務員（簡単に言えば監督庁職員）の入札を禁じた達。
• Public employees belonging to a government office (i.e. personnel of the office) which plans to scrap its property are prohibited to take part in bidding for those national properties to be disposed.

• 国内からは皇族、三権の長をはじめとした幹部公務員、都道府県知事等の地方代表者、各界の代表者等である。
• Japanese attendants at the ceremony were the Imperial family, executive government officials such as the heads of the three powers, local representatives such as prefectural governors, and representatives from every sector or industry of the society.

• 公務員の礼式、服制、研修、教育訓練、表彰及び報償並びに公務員の間における競争試験について定める命令等
• Administrative Orders, etc. to provide for manners, uniform, training, discipline, commendation and recognition for public officers, and competitive examination among the public officers

• 公務員であるという理由により、公務員に暴行を加え、又は公務員を殺傷することを勧奨する政党その他の団体
• A political party or organization which encourages acts of violence or the assault, killing, or injury of officials of the Government or of local public entities for the reason that they are such officials;
• A political party or organization which encourages acts of violence or the assault, killing, or injury of officials of the Government or local public entities for the reason of their being such officials.

• 諸奉行・京都所司代・城代・大番頭・書院番頭などの配下で、与力の下にあって庶務・警察などの公務に就いた。
• They served in a public office to conduct general affairs and police work as a subordinate of police sergeant under the control of magistrates, Kyoto deputies, castle keepers, captains of the great guards, head castle guards and others.

• 平成21年（2009年）現在、70代半ばの高齢であるが、公務、宮中祭祀ともに極めて旺盛に活動している。
• Despite his age, being in his mid 70s as of 2009, he has quite energetically engaged in the public services and court rituals.

• 内閣は、国家公務員倫理規程の制定又は改廃に際しては、国家公務員倫理審査会の意見を聴かなければならない。
• The Cabinet shall hear the opinion of the National Public Service Ethics Board in the establishment, revision or abolition of the National Public Service Ethics Code.

• イーター機構の職員は、事務局長により命じられた公務出張に関連して発生した費用の償還を受けることができる。
• Members of the staff of the ITER Organization shall be entitled to reimbursement of expenses incurred in connection with travel on official duty ordered by the Director-General.

• 大日本帝国憲法第19条は、人民の均しい公務就任権を規定し、大日本帝国憲法第20条は兵役の義務を規定した。
• Article 19 of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan guaranteed equal rights of all the people to engage in public services, and article 20 defined the people's duty of military service.

• 『鷹見泉石日記』は、彼が職に就いた12歳から、60年間にもわたった自らの公務を中心に書き留められたもの。
• The diary of Senseki TAKAMI mainly describes about his own official duties for 60 years since he started to work at the age of 12.

• 国際機関（政府又は政府間の国際機関によって構成される国際機関をいう。次号において同じ。）の公務に従事する者
• a person who engages in public services of an international organization (which means an international organization constituted by governments or intergovernmental international organizations; the same shall apply in the following item); or

• 事故等の現場に、公務により立ち入る者及び委員会が支障がないと認める者以外の者が立ち入ることを禁止すること。
• To prohibit people from entering the site of the Accident, etc., except for those who enter the site on official duty, or are permitted to enter it by the Board.

• 通貨及び為替の規制並びに手荷物に関し、一時的な公的任務を有する外国政府の公務員に与えられる便益と同一の便益
• the same facilities as regards monetary and exchange regulations and as regards their personal luggage as are accorded to the officials of foreign governments on temporary official missions.

• 弁護士会は、前項の規定による申出に基き、公務所又は公私の団体に照会して必要な事項の報告を求めることができる。
• A bar association may, pursuant to the request set forth in the preceding paragraph, request public offices or public or private organizations to provide necessary information.

• 文書は、その方式及び趣旨により公務員が職務上作成したものと認めるべきときは、真正に成立した公文書と推定する。
• A document, if it is found, in light of its formality and purport, to have been prepared by a public officer in the course of his/her duties, shall be presumed to be an official document authentically created.

• もっとも公務のかたわら、『ファウスト』などゲーテの三作品をはじめ、外国文学の翻訳・紹介・解説もつづけていた。
• In spare moments from his public service, he continued his translation, introduction and comment on foreign literature, including Goethe's three masterpieces such as 'Faust.'

• ただし、精神的な動揺は大きく、公務復帰は1箇月後の2月23日となった（この療養中に佐賀の乱が発生している）。
• However, the incident shocked him greatly therefore his return to the official duties was about a month later, on February 23 (Saga War happened during the period).

• 大少史は、受領した公文の記録、起案文の作成と署名、公務の遅滞や過失の調査、公文の読申を所掌した（同職員令）。
• Daishi and Shoshi administered recording of received official documents, drawing up and signing of drafts, examining delay or negligence in public services, and reading up of official documents (Taihorei Shokuinrei.)

• 国家公務員法、国会職員法又は地方公務員法の規定により懲戒免職の処分を受け、当該処分の日から三年を経過しない者
• A person who has received a disposition of dismissal by disciplinary action pursuant to the provisions of the National Public Service Act, the Diet Secretariats Personnel Act or the Local Public Service Act and for whom three years have yet to elapse from the date of said disposition

• 公務員が前二条の罪を犯し、よって不正な行為をし、又は相当の行為をしなかったときは、一年以上の有期懲役に処する。
• When a public officer commits a crime prescribed under the preceding two Articles and consequently acts illegally or refrains from acting in the exercise of his or her duty, imprisonment with work for a definite term of not less than 1 year shall be imposed.

• そこでは酒部（さかべ）と呼ばれる、今でいうなら国家公務員のような地位を与えられた専門職が酒造りを担当していた。
• In that division, specialists who were given a position called sakabe, whose status was equivalent to the status of a present-day government official, were in charge of sake brewing.

• 関係のある公務所又は公共的な団体は、公共の利益を保護するため、公正取引委員会に対して意見を述べることができる。
• Any public office or public organization concerned may, in order to protect the public interest, provide its opinions to the Fair Trade Commission.

• 前項の承認は、公共の利益を害し、又は公務の遂行に著しい支障を生ずるおそれがある場合を除き、拒むことができない。
• The supervisory government agency may not refuse to give the approval set forth in the preceding paragraph except where such approval is likely to harm the public interest or substantially hinder the performance of public duties.

• 府で大量に雇った公務員の質の問題も取りざたされ、地元マスコミ(京都新聞など)による追及が連日連夜繰り返された。
• The quality of the large number of public servants hired by the prefecture was also regarded as a problem, repeatedly questioned day and night by local media (The Kyoto Shimbun and the like).

• 鍋山らは公務執行妨害罪、傷害罪、及び治安警察法違反の容疑で起訴され、それぞれ2ヶ月～6ヶ月の禁錮が科せられた。
• Nabeyama and others were indicted on suspicion of obstruction of performance of public duty, inflicting bodily injury and violation of the Public Order and Police Law, and were sentenced to two to six months' imprisonment.

• 特許法第三十五条（職務発明）の規定は、従業者、法人の役員又は国家公務員若しくは地方公務員がした考案に準用する。
• Article 35 (Inventions by Employees) of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to devices created by employees, officers of the juridical person, or national or local government employees.

• 倫理監督官は、前項に規定する職務を行うに当たっては、国家公務員倫理審査会と常に緊密な連絡を保たなければならない。
• The ethics supervisory officer shall always keep a close communication with the National Public Service Ethics Board in exercising the duties prescribed in the preceding paragraph.

• 基金の役員及び職員並びに審議会の委員は、刑法その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• With regard to the application of the Penal Code and other penal provisions, Officers and employees of a Fund and members of the Council shall be deemed to be officials engaged in public service under laws and regulations.

• 前条第二項の所掌事務のうち職務に係る倫理の保持に関する事務を所掌させるため、人事院に国家公務員倫理審査会を置く。
• The National Public Service Ethics Board shall be established within the National Personnel Authority in order to fulfill the maintenance of ethics pertaining to the duties of officials as provided for in paragraph 2 of the preceding Article.

• 前項の罪が公務所又は公務員により作られるべき電磁的記録に係るときは、十年以下の懲役又は百万円以下の罰金に処する。
• When the crime prescribed under the preceding paragraph is committed in relation to an electromagnetic record to be created by a public office or a public officer, the offender shall be punished by imprisonment with work for not more than 10 years or a fine of not more than 1,000,000 yen shall be imposed.

• この法律は、国際商取引における外国公務員に対する贈賄の防止に関する条約が日本国について効力を生ずる日から施行する。
• This Act shall come into effect as of the day on which the Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions takes effect in Japan.

• 嘉永6年（1853年）、尚忠が左大臣の公務で江戸に下ったとき、これに同行し富士山を実見し「富士百幅」を描いている。
• In 1853, Eigaku accompanied Hisatada on his official visit to Edo as sadaijin (Minister of the Left) and saw Mt. Fuji, which inspired him to paint 'Fuji Hyappuku' (one hundred paintings of Mt. Fuji).

• ちなみに、今日では非常勤の国家公務員を採用する際、任命される職名及び処遇を採用予定官職として掲示されることが多い。
• In present Japan, when part-time government officials are recruited, the title of the office and treatment for the officials are notified as Saiyo Yotei Kanshoku in most cases.

• 明治以降の皇室及び過去の皇室の伝統にならい、皇室による社会福祉や教育など社会的な活動として、「ご公務」が行われる。
• Observing the tradition of the imperial families in the past, especially after the Meiji period, the current Family is engaged in social activities in welfare, education and the like as 'public activities.'

• 神官(しんかん)は祭祀を司る官吏（公務員）のことで、第二次世界大戦前は伊勢神宮の「神宮司庁」の祠職のみが呼ばれた。
• The term 'Shinkan' refers to a government official (civil servant) who performs religious ceremonies; until World War II, only the shrine workers at the 'Jingu Shicho' (the government agency that oversaw shrines) were so described.

• 前項の場合において、公務員に故意又は重大な過失があつたときは、国又は公共団体は、その公務員に対して求償権を有する。
• In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, when there was intent or gross negligence on the part of the public officer, the State or public entity shall have the right to obtain reimbursement from that public officer.

• 捕虜等警備自衛官は、逃走捕虜等の再拘束について、公務所又は公私の団体に照会して必要な事項の報告を求めることができる。
• A Self-Defense Forces personnel guarding prisoners of war, etc. may make requests to public offices or public or private organizations for information on necessary matters relating to the re-capture of prisoners of war, etc. at large.

• 特別審理官は、口頭審理に関し必要がある場合には、公務所又は公私の団体に照会して必要な事項の報告を求めることができる。
• The special inquiry officer may make inquiries of public offices or of public or private organizations and request submission of reports on necessary facts if found necessary for the hearing.

• 法務大臣又は入国審査官は、第一項の調査について、公務所又は公私の団体に照会して必要な事項の報告を求めることができる。
• The Minister of Justice or an immigration inspector may make inquiries of public offices or of public or private organizations and request submission of reports on necessary facts in relation to the inquiry set forth in paragraph (1).

• 法務大臣又は難民調査官は、第一項の調査について、公務所又は公私の団体に照会して必要な事項の報告を求めることができる。
• The Minister of Justice or the refugee inquirer may make inquiries of public offices or of public or private organizations and request submission of reports on necessary facts in relation to the inquiry set forth in paragraph (1).

• 家庭裁判所は、その職務を行うについて、公務所、公私の団体、学校、病院その他に対して、必要な協力を求めることができる。
• The family court may request public offices, public and private organizations, schools, hospitals and others to offer necessary cooperation in the operations.

• そして、警官隊に向かって投石したり、棍棒で襲い掛かったり、拳銃を奪ったりしたので、公務執行妨害罪で20人を検挙した。
• They threw stones at the police squad and attacked the police officers with a club and snatched their pistols, so the police arrested 20 people for obstructing official duties.

• 公務員の職務上の秘密に関する文書でその提出により公共の利益を害し、又は公務の遂行に著しい支障を生ずるおそれがあるもの
• A document concerning a secret in relation to a public officer's duties, which is, if submitted, likely to harm the public interest or substantially hinder the performance of his/her public duties

• この法律において「公務員」とは、国又は地方公共団体の職員その他法令により公務に従事する議員、委員その他の職員をいう。
• The term 'public officer' as used in this Code shall mean a national or local government official, a member of an assembly or committee, or other employees engaged in the performance of public duties in accordance with laws and regulations.

• 特許法第三十五条（職務発明）の規定は、従業者、法人の役員又は国家公務員若しくは地方公務員がした意匠の創作に準用する。
• Article 35 (inventions by employees) of the Patent Act shall apply mutatis mutandis to creation of a design by an employee, an officer of a juridical person, or a national or local government employee.

• 会長及び副会長は、刑法（明治四十年法律第四十五号）その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• In the application of criminal penalties pursuant to the Penal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907) or other laws, the president and vice-presidents shall be deemed to be officials engaging in public duties pursuant to the provisions of laws and regulations,.

• 国家公務員法第八十四条の二の規定により委任を受けた権限により職員を懲戒手続に付し、及び懲戒処分の概要の公表をすること。
• Initiating disciplinary proceedings against officials by the authority delegated pursuant to the provision of Article 84-2 of the National Public Service Act, and publicizing an outline of the disciplinary action.

• その死に際しては「卒性廉勤にして、治体に習ひ家を興し、少判事に補す」、「公務の間、ただ書を見ることを悦ふ」と評された。
• People appreciated his personality and said, 'He was honest and diligence, and was granted a post called Shohanji because of a great achievement as a governor and the head of the family,' and 'He was happy as long as he could read books while on duty,' after his death.

• 公務員がその職権を濫用して、人に義務のないことを行わせ、又は権利の行使を妨害したときは、二年以下の懲役又は禁錮に処する。
• When a public officer abuses his or her authority and causes another to perform an act which the person has no obligation to perform, or hinders another from exercising such person's right, imprisonment with work or imprisonment without work for not more than 2 years shall be imposed.

• 試験事務に従事する指定試験機関の役員及び職員は、刑法その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• An officer or employee of a Designated Examining Agency who engages in the Examination Affairs shall, with regard to the application of the Penal Code or other penal provisions, be deemed as an employee engaged in public services as provided by laws and regulations.

• 公務所内で差押状又は捜索状の執行をするときは、その長又はこれに代るべき者に通知してその処分に立ち会わせなければならない。
• In executing a search warrant or seizure warrant in a public office, the executing officer shall notify the head of the office or his/her deputy of the execution, and have him/her attend it.

• 公務員に、ある処分をさせ、若しくはさせないため、又はその職を辞させるために、暴行又は脅迫を加えた者も、前項と同様とする。
• The same shall apply to a person who commits an act of assault or intimidation against a public officer in order to cause the official to perform or not to perform the act as an official or in order to cause the official to resign.

• 公務で出張する職員は、目的地が勤務地から百キロメートル以上離れている場合、毎年理事会が決定する日当を受けることができる。
• Staff members traveling on official duty shall be entitled to subsistence allowance, if the destination is more than 100 kilometers from their duty station, at the rates decided each year by the Council.

• 当該職員が、加盟者の公務員として、イーター機構との契約終了後三十日以内にその国の行政機関における復職と報酬を獲得した場合
• the staff member, as a public employee of a Member, has obtained re-integration and remuneration in his national administration within 30 days following the termination of his contract by the ITER Organization;

• 内廷には宮内庁侍従職・宮内庁東宮職がある外、各宮家には、宮務官や侍女長といった職員（特別職国家公務員）が付けられている。
• Besides the professional positions within the Inner Court belonging to the Board of Chamberlains of the Imperial Household Agency and the Board of the Crown Prince's Affairs of the Imperial Household Agency, for each house of an Imperial prince there are professionals such as the Officer of the Imperial Prince's Household Affairs and Head of Lady's Maid (Specialized National Public Servants).

• 国家公務員法（昭和二十二年法律第百二十号）第百八条の二又は地方公務員法（昭和二十五年法律第二百六十一号）第五十二条の団体
• organizations under Article 108-2 of the National Public Service Act (Act No. 120 of 1947) or Article 52 of the Local Public Service Act (Act No. 261 of 1950);

• 地方公務員共済組合は、前項の規定により市町村に納入する場合においては、地方公務員共済組合連合会を経由して行うものとする。
• A Local Public Service Mutual Aid Association, in a case of paying an insurance premium to a Municipality pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, shall pay the insurance premium via the Pension Fund Association for Local Government Officials.

• 抑留資格認定官は、抑留資格認定のため必要があるときは、公務所又は公私の団体に照会して必要な事項の報告を求めることができる。
• The recognition officer of internment status may, if he/she find necessary for recognition for the internment status, inquire of public offices or public or private organizations and request them to report the necessary matters to when it is necessary for recognition of internment status.

• 医師が公務所に提出すべき診断書、検案書又は死亡証書に虚偽の記載をしたときは、三年以下の禁錮又は三十万円以下の罰金に処する。
• When a physician makes a false entry in a medical certificate, an autopsy report or a death certificate to be submitted to a public office, imprisonment without work for not more than 3 years or a fine of not more than 300,000 yen shall be imposed.

• 公務員に対し虚偽の申立てをして、免状、鑑札又は旅券に不実の記載をさせた者は、一年以下の懲役又は二十万円以下の罰金に処する。
• A person, who makes a false statement before a public officer and thereby causes the official to make a false entry in a license, permit or passport, shall be punished by imprisonment with work for not more than 1 year or a fine of not more than 200,000 yen.

• 機構の役員及び職員は、刑法（明治四十年法律第四十五号）その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• Officers and employees of NEDO shall be deemed to be employees engaging in public service pursuant to laws and regulations, with regard to the application of the Penal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907) and other penal provisions.

• 内閣は、国家公務員倫理規程、第三項の訓令及び第四項の規則の制定又は改廃があったときは、これを国会に報告しなければならない。
• When the National Public Service Ethics Code, the official directives pursuant to item 3 or the code pursuant to item 4 have been established, revised, or abolished, the Cabinet shall report such matters to the Diet.

• 専ら文書の所持者の利用に供するための文書（国又は地方公共団体が所持する文書にあっては、公務員が組織的に用いるものを除く。）
• A document prepared exclusively for use by the holder thereof (excluding a document held by the State or a local public entity, which is used by a public officer for an organizational purpose).

• 指定調査機関及びその職員で調査事務に従事する者は、刑法その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• A Designated Investigative Agency and said personnel who engage in Investigation Affairs shall be deemed as personnel that engages in public service pursuant to the provisions of laws and regulations with regard to application of the Penal Code and other penal provisions.

• 試験事務に従事する指定試験実施機関又はその職員は、刑法その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• A Designated Testing Agency which engages in Examination Affairs or its personnel shall be deemed as personnel that engage in public service pursuant to the provisions of laws and regulations, with regard to application of the Penal Code or other penal provisions.

• 職務として県庁や博物館、宮内省の諸施設など36件の設計に関わったほか、公務の合間に貴族の私邸を中心に14件の設計を行った。
• In addition to designing a total of 36 prefectural government offices, museums, and various types of buildings for the Imperial Household Department in his job, he designed 14 residences for aristocrats in between his civil services.

• 研究所の役員及び職員は、刑法（明治四十年法律第四十五号）その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• With regard to the application of the Penal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907) and other penal provisions, the officers and employees of the Institute shall be deemed employees engaged in public service pursuant to laws and regulations.

• なお三権の長を招いて行う「新年祝賀の儀」は国事行為に該当する儀式だが、この「新年一般参賀」は国事行為以外の公務とされている。
• While 'The Ceremony of New Year Reception,' held in the presence of the heads of the three branches of the government is a state affair, 'People's Visit to the Palace for the New Year Greeting' is regarded as one of the imperial public activities other than the state affairs.

• 明治4年（1871年）には、士族の公務を解いて、農業・工業・商業の自由を与え、また、平民も均しく公務に就任できることとした。
• In 1871, the warrior class became able to engage in not only public services, but also farming, industrial jobs or commercial business, and commoners could engage in public services.

• 岐阜市ならびに関市の長良川における鵜飼は、日本で唯一宮内庁式部職鵜匠によって行われている（したがって身分は国家公務員である）。
• Ukai of Nagara-gawa River in Gifu City and Seki City are the only ukai in Japan that are conducted by shikibushoku usho of Kunaicho (accordingly, they are national public servants).

• 公務上の負傷又は疾病に起因して、永久に、又は長期に所得能力を害せられた場合におけるその職員の受ける損害に対する補償に関する事項
• Matters concerning compensation to the official for damage sustained by him/her due to permanent or prolonged harm to his/her earning capacity resultant of injury or disease incurred in line of public duty;

• 前項に規定する根本基準の実施に関し必要な事項は、この法律又は国家公務員倫理法に定めるものを除いては、人事院規則でこれを定める。
• In addition to those provided for in this Act or the National Public Service Ethics Act, matters necessary for enforcing the basic standard provided for in the preceding paragraph shall be provided for by rules of the National Personnel Authority.

• 何人も、公務員の不法行為により、損害を受けたときは、法律の定めるところにより、国又は公共団体に、その賠償を求めることができる。
• Every person may sue for redress as provided by law from the State or a public entity, in case he has suffered damage through illegal act of any public official.

• 何人も、公務員の不法行爲により、損害を受けたときは、法律の定めるところにより、國又は公共團體に、その賠償を求めることができる。
• Every person may sue for redress as provided by law from the State or a public entity, in case he has suffered damage through illegal act of any public official.

• 大日本帝国憲法第19条で「日本臣民ハ法律命令ノ定ムル所ノ資格ニ応シ均ク文武官ニ任セラレ及其ノ他ノ公務ニ就クコトヲ得」と定めた。
• The nineteenth article of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan states 'Japanese citizens can equally be appointed as administrative/military officials and other official positions according to the criteria determined by law.'

• 現在、摂政のみが存続を認められ、天皇の公務を代行する役目として皇太子など皇族のみが任ぜられる職として皇室典範に定められている。
• At present, only the position of the regent still exists, and the Imperial Household Law provides that the post is only for members of the Imperial family, such as the Crown Prince, and is used to conduct the Emperor's official duties in his place.

• 戸籍謄本、公正証書謄本その他公務員（外国の公務員を含む。）がその職務上証明することができる事実についてその公務員の作成した書面
• A transcript of a family register, a transcript of a notarized deed or other documents on facts which a public officer (including an officer of a foreign government) may certify and which is made by that public officer.

• 公務員が施した封印若しくは差押えの表示を損壊し、又はその他の方法で無効にした者は、二年以下の懲役又は二十万円以下の罰金に処する。
• A person who damages or by any other means impairs a seal or a mark of attachment which has been affixed by a public officer, shall be punished by imprisonment with work for not more than 2 years or a fine of not more than 200,000 yen.

• 公務員が職務を執行するに当たり、これに対して暴行又は脅迫を加えた者は、三年以下の懲役若しくは禁錮又は五十万円以下の罰金に処する。
• A person who commits an act of assault or intimidation against a public officer in the performance of public duty shall be punished by imprisonment with or without work for not more than 3 years or a fine of not more than 500,000 yen.

• しかし、本書の特徴・内容から、平安時代後期の実務官僚であった源経頼（宇多源氏）が、公務遂行の為に編まれたとする新説が提示された。
• However, a new theory was proposed saying that MINAMOTO no Tsuneyori (Uda-Genji (Minamoto clan)), a governmental official responsible for practical works, compiled it for necessities for carrying out his official duties.

• 公務の執行を妨害する罪及び傷害罪に問われた被告人が捜査の違法性を争ったが、適法とされ、公訴事実それ自体についても、有罪とされた。
• The case was brought for obstruction of performance of official duties and bodily injury and the defendant claimed the illegality of the investigation which was judged as lawful after all and was convicted of the facts constituting the offense charged.

• また、菅原氏などの学者が公務以外に私邸などを使って門人を教育するなど、私立学校の萌芽のようなものもこの時代から現れるようになる。
• Moreover, that period marked the beginning of private school, in which the scholars of SUGAWARA clan educated their disciples on their private estate, providing un-official services.

• 国家公務員倫理審査会に関しては、この法律に定めるもののほか、国家公務員倫理法（平成十一年法律第百二十九号）の定めるところによる。
• In addition to what is provided for in this Act, matters concerning the National Public Service Ethics Board shall be governed by the provisions of the National Public Service Ethics Act (Act No. 129 of 1999).

• 完成検査の業務に従事する指定完成検査機関の役員又は職員は、刑法その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• Those officers and staff members of a Designated Completion Conformity Inspection Body who are engaged in completion inspections shall be deemed to be personnel engaged in public service under laws and regulations with regard to the application of the Penal Code or other penal provisions.

• 裁判所は、検察官、被告人若しくは弁護人の請求により又は職権で、公務所又は公私の団体に照会して必要な事項の報告を求めることができる。
• The court may, upon the request of the public prosecutor, the accused or his/her counsel, or ex officio, ask public offices or public or private organizations for reports on matters necessary for the trial.

• 支援センターの役員及び職員は、刑法（明治四十年法律第四十五号）その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• With respect to application of the Penal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907) and other penal provisions, the officers and staff of the JLSC shall be deemed to be staff engaged in public services based on laws and regulations.

• 公務出張を行う職員が利用可能な最も経済的なもの以外の手段で移動することを選択する場合、また認められる場合は、次の規則が適用される。
• If a staff member traveling on official duty chooses, and is authorized, to travel by means other than the most economic available, the following rules shall apply:

• 確かに前述のような教育水準やインフラ整備、公務員の質などが（特に後期）低下し、その後の尻拭いに長期の時間を要したことは事実である。
• It was certainly a fact that the above-mentioned educational standards, improvement of infrastructure, and quality of public servants deteriorated (especially in the latter half of the administration) and it took a long time to straighten out the mess.

• モンブランはパリのティヴォリ街8番地の自宅を日本総領事館（日本公務弁理職事務局）とし、前田を住まわせるとともに領事任務に当たった。
• Montblanc turned his private residence in 8 Tivoli, Paris, into the Japanese Consulate, served as the Consul and let MAEDA live there.

• 地方公務員共済組合は、第一項から第六項までの規定による通知を行う場合においては、地方公務員共済組合連合会を経由して行うものとする。
• A Local Public Service Mutual Aid Association, in a case when a notification is issued pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) to paragraph (6), shall issue said notification via the Pension Fund Association for Local Government Officials.

• 公務員が、その職務に関し、請託を受けて、第三者に賄賂を供与させ、又はその供与の要求若しくは約束をしたときは、五年以下の懲役に処する。
• When a public officer, agreeing to perform an act in response to a request, causes a bribe in connection with the official's duty to be given to a third party or solicits or promises such bribe to be given to a third party, imprisonment with work for not more than 5 years shall be imposed.

• 自己の財物であっても、他人が占有し、又は公務所の命令により他人が看守するものであるときは、この章の罪については、他人の財物とみなす。
• With regard to the crimes prescribed under this Chapter, the offender's own property shall be deemed to be the property of another when it is in the possession of another or under the guard of another in compliance with an order issued by a public office.

• さらに沖縄入りした皇太子夫妻の自動車に空き瓶などを投げつけるなどのテロ（犯人は公務執行妨害で逮捕）を行った（『昭和51年警察白書）。
• Furthermore, some of those political organizations acted terrorism, such as hurling an empty bottle at an automobile into which the Imperial couple got soon after they arrived at Okinawa Prefecture (the terrorist involved in the incident was arrested for obstructing officers in the performance of their duties), according to 'Police White Paper of 1976.'

• 第三条から第八条まで及び国家公務員法（昭和二十二年法律第百二十号）に定めるもののほか、調査会に関し必要な事項は、経済産業省令で定める。
• In addition to the provisions in Articles 3 through Article 8 and the National Public Service Act (Act No. 120 of 1947), matters necessary with regard to the Committee shall be provided for by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.

• 法務大臣は、承認に関する事務の処理に関し必要があると認めるときは、公務所又は公私の団体に照会して必要な事項の報告を求めることができる。
• The Minister of Justice may, when he/she believes it necessary for the handling of affairs concerning the approval, refer to any public office or public or private organization and request information on necessary matters.

• 特定独立行政法人の長は、国家公務員倫理審査会の同意を得て、当該特定独立行政法人の職員の職務に係る倫理に関する規則を定めることができる。
• The head of a specified incorporated administrative agency may provide for a code concerning ethics pertaining to the duties of officials who belong to the specified incorporated administrative agency with the consent of the National Public Service Ethics Board.

• 刑事施設の長は、受刑者の資質及び環境の調査のため必要があるときは、公務所又は公私の団体に照会して必要な事項の報告を求めることができる。
• The warden of the penal institution may, if necessary for the investigation of personality and circumstances of a sentenced person, request reports on necessary matters from public offices, or from public or private organizations.

• また進物や賄賂についても、公費の予算から支出される現代の公務員と異なり、高家や勅使饗応役の大名は必要経費を自弁しなければならなかった。
• For gifts and bribes, unlike public employees today, who are able to pay at public expense, koke members and attendants for Imperial messengers had to pay their own expenses.

• その後、摂政のみは復活し、天皇の公務を代行する役目として皇太子など皇族のみが任ぜられる職として皇室典範に定められ、今日も存続している。
• After that, only the Sessho has been revived, designated under Imperial Household Law for only princes and other members of the Imperial family to act as an agent in carrying out the Emperor's official duties, and continues to this day.

• 前項の書面が私文書であるときは、裁判所は、公証人その他の認証の権限を有する公務員の認証を受けるべきことを訴訟代理人に命ずることができる。
• When the document set forth in the preceding paragraph is a private document, the court may order the counsel to receive certification from a notary or any other public officer having the authority to certify.

• 試験問題作成事務に従事する登録試験問題作成機関の役員又は職員は、刑法その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• An Officer or other personnel of an Organization that Prepares Registration Examination Questions who engages in Examination Question Prepara.ion Affairs shall be deemed as personnel that engage in public service pursuant to the provisions of laws and regulations with regard to application of the Penal Code and other penal provisions.

• 平安京周辺に馬寮が設定した「飼養牧（しようまき）」に預けられて公務の必要に応じて利用された他、公卿や近衛府などに下賜される場合もあった。
• The horses were sometimes placed in 'Shiyomaki' which was set adjacent to Heiankyo (ancient capital of Japan, present day Kyoto) by Meryo and were accordingly used for public services or granted in some occasions to Kugyo (court nobles) or Konoefu (the Headquarters of the Inner Palace Guards).

• この法律は、国家公務員及び地方公務員並びに船員職業安定法（昭和二十三年法律第百三十号）第六条第一項に規定する船員については、適用しない。
• This Act shall not apply to national public officers and local public officers and mariners provided in paragraph 1 of Article 6 of the Mariners Employment Security Act (Act No. 130 of 1948).

• 内閣総理大臣は、課徴金納付命令の執行に関して必要があると認めるときは、公務所又は公私の団体に照会して必要な事項の報告を求めることができる。
• The Prime Minister may, when he/she finds it necessary with regard to execution of an order for payment of a surcharge, make inquiries of a public office or a public or private organization and make a request for a report on necessary matters.

• 附則第二条の規定により研究所の職員となる者に対しては、国家公務員退職手当法（昭和二十八年法律第百八十二号）に基づく退職手当は、支給しない。
• The retirement allowance pursuant to the National Government Employees, etc. Retirement Allowance Act (Act No. 182 of 1953) shall not be given to any person who is an employee of the Institute pursuant to the provisions of Article 2 of the supplementary provisions.

• 官吏その他の公務員が作るべき書類には、特別の定のある場合を除いては、年月日を記載して署名押印し、その所属の官公署を表示しなければならない。
• With regard to a document to be prepared by a national public officer or any other public officer, except when there are special provisions providing otherwise, the public officer shall enter the date and affix his/her signature and seal thereto and indicate the public agency to which he/she is assigned.

• 厚生労働大臣及び機構は、この法律の施行に関し必要があると認めるときは、公務所又は公私の団体に照会して必要な事項の報告を求めることができる。
• The Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare and the Agency may inquire with public offices and public and private organizations and request them to report on necessary matters, when they find it necessary to do so in relation with the enforcement of this Act.

• 現在は功績のある物故者に位階が発令されており、公務員として功績のある者や芸能・文化活動、学術研究に功績のある大学教授などが叙せられている。
• Currently, the court rank is issued to the deceased who made achievements, and is granted to government workers who made achievements, university professors with achievements in performing arts, cultural activities, academic research, etc.

• 公務所若しくは公務員の印章若しくは署名を不正に使用し、又は偽造した公務所若しくは公務員の印章若しくは署名を使用した者も、前項と同様とする。
• The same shall apply to a person who uses without due authorization the seal or signature of a public office or public officer, or who uses a counterfeit seal or signature of a public office or public officer.

• 関係のある公務所又は公共的な団体は、公益上必要があると認めるときは、公正取引委員会の承認を得て、当事者として審判手続に参加することができる。
• Any public office or public organization concerned may, if it finds it necessary for the public interest, participate in the hearing procedures as a party with the approval of the Fair Trade Commission.

• 今日では国家公務員の職、特に裁判官、検察官、自衛官（即応予備自衛官、予備自衛官を含む）、警察官、海上保安官などに任ぜられる場合に用いられる。
• Nowadays ninkan is used when appointing government officials, especially judges, public prosecutors, Self-Defense force officials (including rapid-reaction reserve officials and reserve officials), police officers and Maritime Safety officials.

• 公務人（公議人）は、政府各官から各1名、付属の諸学校より覚1名、府県代表は無く、各藩より1名が代表として送られ、19部門に分かれて審議を行った。
• Komu-nin (kogi-nin) were selected one each representing government, each school in affiliation with governments, each domain, no one representing prefectures, and counseled in 19 departments.

• この法律のうち、裁判所法第六十五条の二及び国家公務員法第二条の改正規定は昭和二十七年一月一日から、その他の規定は昭和二十六年四月一日から施行する。
• The amending provisions within this Act of Article 65-2 of the Court Act and of Article 2 of the National Public Officer Act shall come into force as of January 1, 1952, and other provisions within this Act, as of April 1, 1951.

• 検察官又は裁判所若しくは裁判官は、裁判の執行に関して必要があると認めるときは、公務所又は公私の団体に照会して必要な事項の報告を求めることができる。
• The public prosecutor or a court or a judge may, when it deems necessary for the execution of a decision, ask public offices or public or private organizations to report on necessary matters.

• 給付金業務に従事する指定法人の役員及び職員は、刑法（明治四十年法律第四十五号）その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• Officers and personnel of a Designated Juridical Person who are engaged in a Benefits Business shall, pursuant to laws and regulations, be deemed as personnel engaged in public service when subject to the Criminal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907) and other penal provisions.

• 一方でまた、大奥大奥総取締という呼称についてに任ぜられて、奥向きの公務を取り仕切るようになり、将軍の権威を背景に老中をも上回る実質的な権力を握る。
• On the other hand, she was appointed to the position of Overseer of the O-oku, which gave her the right to decide all official business related to the O-oku, and as such her de facto power, backed by the Shogun's authority, exceeded that of the Shogun's Roju (Council of Elders).

• 試験事務に従事する指定試験機関の役員又は職員は、刑法（明治四十年法律第四十五号）その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• With regard to the application of the Penal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907) and other penal provisions, officers or employees of a designated examining body who are engaged in examination affairs shall be deemed to be personnel engaged in public services under laws and regulations.
• With regard to the application of the Penal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907) and other penal provisions, officers or employees of a Designated Examining Body who are engaged in Examination Affairs shall be regarded as personnel engaged in public services under laws and regulations.
• Those officers and staff of a Designated Examining Body who are engaged in the examination service shall be deemed to be personnel engaged in public service under laws and regulations with regard to the application of the Penal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907) or other penal provisions.
• With regard to application of the Penal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907) and other penal provisions, an officer or employee of a Designated Examining Body engaged in the Examination Affairs shall be deemed to be an official engaged in the public services pursuant to laws and regulations.

• 生物検査に従事する登録検査機関の役員又は職員は、刑法（明治四十年法律第四十五号）その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• The officers or staff of a Registered Inspection Body engaged in Testing of Organisms shall be regarded as staff engaged in public service by act, with respect to the application of the Penal Code (Code No. 45 of 1907) or other penal provisions.

• 公務上の負傷又は疾病に起因する職員の死亡の場合におけるその遺族又は職員の死亡当時その収入によつて生計を維持した者の受ける損害に対する補償に関する事項
• Matters concerning compensation to the bereaved family of the official or those who maintain living by the income of the official at the time of his/her death for damage sustained by them due to the death of the official resultant of injury or disease incurred in line of public duty.

• 試験業務に従事する指定試験機関の役員及び職員は、刑法（明治四十年法律第四十五号）その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• With regard to the application of the Penal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907) and other penal provisions, an officer or employee of a designated examining body engaged in test business shall be deemed to be an official engaged in public services pursuant to laws and regulations.

• 調査の業務に従事する指定調査機関の役員又は職員は、刑法（明治四十年法律第四十五号）その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• The officers or staff of a designated accreditation body employed in evaluation activities shall be deemed to be staff legally employed in public service for the purpose of application of the Penal Code (Act No. 45, 1907) and other penal regulations.
• Any director or officer, or employee of the Designated Investigative Organization who is engaged in the Investigation business shall be deemed to be an employee engaged in public service pursuant to the laws and regulations, with respect to the application of the Criminal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907) and other penalties.

• 設定登録等事務に従事する登録機関の役員又は職員は、刑法（明治四十年法律第四十五号）その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• With regard to the application of the Criminal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907) and other penal provisions, any officer or employee of a registration agency who is engaged in the affairs of the registration of establishment, etc. shall be deemed to be an employee engaged in public service pursuant to laws and regulations.

• 試験事務に従事する指定試験機関の役員又は職員は、刑法　（明治四十年法律第四十五号）その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• Officers or employees who are engaging in the examination works of the designated examining agency shall be deemed to be officials engaging in public service by the Acts with respect to the application of the Penal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907) or other penal provisions.

• 天皇自身が、公務等の見直しは在位20周年となる平成21年以降からと希望していたため、平成21年（2009年）1月29日に宮内庁より軽減策が発表された。
• As the Emperor had desired that his official duties and others should be reviewed after 2009, the 20th anniversary of his enthronement, the Imperial Household Agency did not announce the measures to reduce the Emperor's burden until January 29, 2009.

• 実務修習事務に従事する指定修習機関の役員及び職員は、刑法（明治四十年法律第四十五号）その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• Officers and employees who engage in the practical training affairs of the designated practical training agency shall be deemed to be officials engaging in public service pursuant to laws and regulations with respect to the application of the Penal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907) and other penal provisions.

• 検査業務に従事する指定定期検査機関の役員又は職員は、刑法（明治四十年法律第四十五号）その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• With regard to the application of the Criminal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907) and any other penal provisions, officers and employees of a designated periodic inspection body shall be deemed to be officials engaged in public services as required by laws and regulations.

• 登録確認機関及びその職員で確認業務に従事するものは、刑法（明治四十年法律第四十五号）その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• A Registered Confirmation Agency and its employees engaged in Confirmation Services shall be deemed as officials engaged in public service by law with regard to the application of the Penal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907) and other penal provisions.

• 誰かの利益を代表する、あるいは代理あるいは代用される、政治家、有権者を代表している公務員、あるいは住宅論争において他の賃借人を代表している賃借人のような
• represent somebody's interest or be a proxy or substitute for, as of politicians and office holders representing their constituents, or of a tenant representing other tenants in a housing dispute

• 翌1890年（明治22年）2月には農商務相公務局長と東京農林学校長を兼任し、1890年（明治23年）農商務次官となるが、農商務相陸奥宗光と対立して下野。
• In February, 1889, he concurrently held the posts of Director of Public Service Bureau of Minister of Agriculture and Commerce and Head of Tokyo Agriculture and Forestry School, and in 1890, although he was promoted to Vice-Minister of Agriculture and Commerce, he conflicted with Minister of Agriculture and Commerce Munemitsu MUTSU and resigned his government post.

• その一方で村上天皇の時代、侍従として天皇の側で仕えていたが「仕事中には公務の事しか口にしない堅物」だとして村上天皇からはやや敬遠されたともいわれている。
• On the other hand, in the era of the Emperor Murakami, he worked as a jiju at the Emperor's side, but it is said that he was rather kept at a distance by the Emperor Murakami as 'a too serious person who talks about only official affairs while he is at work.'

• 前条第一項の行為が公務員又は公選による公務員の候補者に関する事実に係る場合には、事実の真否を判断し、真実であることの証明があったときは、これを罰しない。
• When the act prescribed under paragraph (1) of the preceding Article is made with regard to matters concerning a public officer or a candidate for election, punishment shall not be imposed if an inquiry into the truth or falsity of the alleged facts is made and they are proven to be true.

• 今日で言う憲法とは異なり、官僚や貴族に対する道徳的な規範を示したものであり、今日の国家公務員法、地方公務員法、国家公務員倫理法に近い性質のものと言える。
• Unlike today's constitution, it stipulates moral codes for bureaucrats and nobilities, and it can be said that its nature is similar to the National Public Service Act, Local Public Service Act and National Public Service Ethics Act of the present day.

• 刑事施設の長は、その刑事施設の適正な運営に資するため必要な意見を関係する公務所及び公私の団体の職員並びに学識経験のある者から聴くことに努めなければならない。
• The warden of the penal institution shall endeavor to obtain opinions required to contribute to the appropriate administration of the penal institution from the staff of relevant public offices, public organizations and private organizations, and from persons with relevant knowledge and experience.

• イーター機構の公務で出張する職員は、任務地から離れる場合、その旅費全額の償還と必要経費を賄う日当を、この規則第 14 条の規定に従って受け取ることができる。
• Staff members traveling on official the ITER Organization duty shall be entitled to reimbursement of all of their travel costs and to a daily allowance to cover subsistence when away from their place of duty in accordance with the provisions of Article 14 of these Regulations.

• 平成17年（2005年）頃からは、日本国内を中心として両親の公務、接見に同行・同座することが多くなり、最年長の内親王として国民の前に姿を現す機会も増えている。
• Starting around 2005, there have been increasing chances of her appearing in public as Imperial Princess by accompanying her parents' doing public services, most of which are centered in Japan.

• 危険物取扱者試験事務に従事する指定試験機関の役員及び職員は、刑法（明治四十年法律第四十五号）その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• With regard to the application of the Penal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907) and other penal provisions, officers and employees of a designated examining body who are engaged in the hazardous materials engineer's qualification examination affairs shall be deemed to be personnel engaged in public service under laws and regulations.

• 給付金業務に従事する短時間労働援助センターの役員及び職員は、刑法（明治四十年法律第四十五号）その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• With regard to the application of the Penal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907) and other penal provisions, officers or personnel of the Part-Time Working Assistance Center engaged in a Payments Services shall be deemed as personnel engaged in public services pursuant to laws and regulations.

• 奈良時代の遣唐使に留学生として随行し、猛勉強して唐の科挙（上級官吏候補の公務員試験に相当）に合格し、唐の高官にまで登ったが、日本への帰国を果たすことはなかった。
• ABE accompanied Kentoshi as an exchange student who, having studied hard, successfully taking Kakyo/Keju (examinations for Chinese state bureaucrats) climbed to a high-ranking official in Tang but never returned to Japan.

• 公務員が、その職務に関し、行使の目的で、虚偽の文書若しくは図画を作成し、又は文書若しくは図画を変造したときは、印章又は署名の有無により区別して、前二条の例による。
• A public officer who, in connection with his/her official duty, makes a false official document or drawing, or alters an official document or drawing, for the purpose of uttering, shall be dealt with in the same manner as prescribed for in the preceding two Articles, depending on whether or not the document bears a seal or signature.

• 上記の権限、並びにこの憲法によって合衆国政府又はその省庁若しくは公務員に対し与えられた他のすべての権限を行使するために、必要かつ適当なすべての法律を制定すること。
• To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.

• 第二章から第六章まで、第三十条、第五十三条、第五十四条、第五十六条、前条、次条、第六十三条及び第六十五条の規定は、国家公務員及び地方公務員に関しては、適用しない。
• The provisions of Chapters 2 through 6, Article 30, Article 53, Article 54, Article 56, the preceding Article, the following Article, Article 63 and Article 65 shall not apply to the national and local public officers.

• 前項の規定により公社の職員が会社の職員となる場合においては、その者に対しては、国家公務員等退職手当法（昭和二十八年法律第百八十二号）に基づく退職手当は、支給しない。
• No retirement allowance prescribed in the National Government Employees, etc. Retirement Allowance Act (Act No. 182 of 1953) shall be payable to the employees of the Public Corporation who become those of the Company in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

• 公務員が、その職務に関し、賄賂を収受し、又はその要求若しくは約束をしたときは、五年以下の懲役に処する。この場合において、請託を受けたときは、七年以下の懲役に処する。
• A public officer who accepts, solicits or promises to accept a bribe in connection with his/her duties shall be punished by imprisonment with work for not more than 5 years; and when the official agrees to perform an act in response to a request, imprisonment with work for not more than 7 years shall be imposed.

• 各省各庁の長等又はその委任を受けた者は、前項の規定により株取引等報告書の提出を受けたときは、当該株取引等報告書の写しを国家公務員倫理審査会に送付しなければならない。
• When the heads of each ministry and agency or a person who is delegated by them receive the submission of a report of share dealings, etc. pursuant to the preceding paragraph, they shall send a copy of the report of share dealing, etc. to the National Public Service Ethics Board.

• 国又は公共団体の公権力の行使に当る公務員が、その職務を行うについて、故意又は過失によつて違法に他人に損害を加えたときは、国又は公共団体が、これを賠償する責に任ずる。
• When a public officer who exercises the public authority of the State or of a public entity has, in the course of his/her duties, unlawfully inflicted damage on another person intentionally or negligently, the State or public entity shall assume the responsibility to compensate therefor.

• 法第三百五十条の規定により、参考人又は鑑定人には、国家公務員等の旅費に関する法律（昭和二十五年法律第百十四号）の例により鉄道賃、船賃、車賃、日当又は宿泊料を支給する。
• A witness or an expert witness shall be provided with train fares, boat fares, vehicle fares, a daily allowance, or lodging expenses in accordance with the Act concerning Travel Expenses of National Public Officers, etc. (Act No. 114 of 1950), pursuant to the provisions of Article 350 of the Act.

• 試験事務に従事する指定試験機関の役員及び職員（試験員を含む。）は、刑法（明治四十年法律第四十五号）その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• With respect to the application of the Penal Act (Act No. 45 of 1907) and other penal provisions, any officers or employees (including examiners) of the designated examining body who engage in examination affairs shall be deemed as personnel engaged in the performance of public duties in accordance with laws and regulations.
• In regard to application of the Penal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907) and other penal provisions to the officers and employees (including examiners) of the designated testing agency who conduct the testing procedures, the same shall be deemed as the officers engaged in public service by laws and regulations.

• 試験事務に従事する指定試験機関の役員又は職員（試験員を含む。）は、刑法（明治四十年法律第四十五号）その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• With regard to the application of the Penal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907) and other penal provisions, officers or employees (including examiners) of a Designated Examining Body who are engaged in Examination Affairs shall be regarded as personnel engaged in public services under laws and regulations.

• 製品検査の業務又は委託事務に従事する登録検査機関の役員又は職員は、刑法（明治四十年法律第四十五号）その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• Officers or employees of a registered conformity assessment body who are engaged in the operation of product inspections or entrusted affairs shall be deemed to be officials engaged in public duties by laws and regulations when the penal provisions prescribed by the Penal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907) or other laws and regulations are applied.

• 宇多上皇が新帝に出した『寛平御遺誡』において、季長は「深熟公事（公務に精通した人物）」として、藤原時平・菅原道真・紀長谷雄とともに重用すべき人物として挙げられている。
• The Retired Emperor Uda said in his document called 'Kanpyo-no-Goyuikai' (Emperor Uda's injunction), which was offered to the new Emperor, that Suenaga was so familiar with government affairs that he should be given an important position, as well as FUJIWARA no Tokihira, SUGAWARA no Michizane, and KI no Haseo.

• 特定原動機検査事務に従事する登録特定原動機検査機関の役員又は職員は、刑法（明治四十年法律第四十五号）その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• Officers or staff members of registered inspection bodies for specified engines who engage in inspection business of specified engines shall be regarded as a staff member who engages in public service in accordance with laws and regulations as far as application of the Criminal Act (Act No. 45 of 1907) or other penal provisions is concerned.

• さらに、公務でに江戸を離れられない自分の代わりに、京都・奈良に弟子を派遣して写させ、ついにはどこの寺からでも宝物を取り寄せられるように、寺社奉行から許可まで取り付けた。
• In addition, because he was not able to leave his official duties in Edo, he would dispatch his apprentices to Kyoto and Nara to copy works, and had received permission from the jisha-bugyo (magistrate of temples and shrines) enabling him to continually borrow treasured works from temples and shrines so he could make copies.

• 国家公務員法（昭和22年法律第120号）施行以降も、侍従は同法の適用を受けない特別職とされ、一級官・二級官などの区別が存続していた（官記に「二級に叙する」などと記載）。
• After the National Public Service Law (Act No. 120 of 1947) was put in force, the position of chamberlains was still a special position in government service exempted from the application of this law, and their classification such as the first grade officer and the second grade officer still existed (some descriptions such as 'he was granted the second grade' were seen in official reports).

• 審査会が行う調査に関する国家公務員法第百条第四項の規定の適用については、同項中「人事院」とあるのは「国家公務員倫理審査会」と、「調査又は審理」とあるのは「調査」とする。
• In the application of the provision of paragraph 4 of Article 100 of the National Public Service Act concerning the investigation conducted by the Board, the term 'the National Personnel Authority' and the term 'investigation or hearing' in the same paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with 'the National Public Service Ethics Board' and 'investigation,' respectively.

• 指定市町村事務受託法人の役員又は職員で、当該委託事務に従事するものは、刑法（明治四十年法律第四十五号）その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• An Officer or personnel of a Designated and Entrusted Juridical Person for Municipal Affairs who engage in said entrusted affairs shall be deemed as personnel engaged in public service pursuant to the provisions of laws and regulations with regard to the application of the Penal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907) and other penal provisions.

• 試験事務に従事する指定試験機関の役員及び職員（免許試験員を含む。）は、刑法（明治四十年法律第四十五号）その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• An executive official or a member of the staff (including a license examiner) of the designated examination institution who are engaged in the examination affairs shall be regarded as a member of the staff engaged in public service under the acts and regulations, in respect to the application of the Penal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907) and other penal provisions.

• 儀式（ぎしき）とは、本来は律令制の朝廷における公務・宮中行事に際しての礼儀作法のことであるが、後にはこうした作法を規定した編纂物・書物のことを「儀式」と呼ぶようになった。
• Gishiki originally meant court rule and customs in official duties and ceremonial functions at the imperial court under the ritsuryo system, and later, compilations and books for prescribing court rule and customs came to be called 'Gishiki.'

• 2006年に首長ジャービルが長い闘病の末に死去、皇太子サアドがただちに首長位を継承したものの、サアドもすでに高齢かつ病身で、首長としての公務に耐えられる状態ではなかった。
• In 2006, the Chief Jabir died after a long period of battling disease, and although the Crown Prince Saad became chief, he was also elderly and sick and was not in any condition to conduct the duties as chief.

• 公務員になろうとする者が、その担当すべき職務に関し、請託を受けて、賄賂を収受し、又はその要求若しくは約束をしたときは、公務員となった場合において、五年以下の懲役に処する。
• When a person to be appointed a public officer accepts, solicits or promises to accept a bribe in connection with a duty to be assumed with agreement to perform an act in response to a request, the person shall be punished by imprisonment with work for not more than 5 years in the event of appointment.

• 保障措置検査の業務に従事する指定保障措置検査等実施機関の役員又は職員は、刑法（明治四十年法律第四十五号）その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• The officers and personnel of any designated organization implementing safeguards inspections, etc. engaged in work implemented for safeguards inspections, etc. shall be deemed as personnel engaged in public services by laws and regulations with regard to the application of the Penal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907) and other penal provisions.

• 第五十五条第二項の規定により中央協会が行う技能検定試験に関する業務に従事する中央協会の役員及び職員は、刑法その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• With regard to the application of the Penal Code and other penal provisions, an officer or employee engaged in duties relating to the trade skill tests conducted by the Central Association as prescribed in Article 55, paragraph (2) shall be deemed to be an official engaged in public services pursuant to laws and regulations.

• この法律又はこの法律に基づく命令に違反する行為に係る懲戒手続に関する国家公務員法第八十五条の規定の適用については、同条中「人事院」とあるのは、「国家公務員倫理審査会」とする。
• In the application of the provision of Article 85 of the National Public Service Act concerning disciplinary proceedings pertaining to an act that violates this Act or orders pursuant to this Act, the term 'the National Personnel Authority' in the same Article shall be deemed to be replaced with the 'the National Public Service Ethics Board.'

• 何人も、損害の救済、公務員の罷免、法律、命令又は規則の制定、廃止又は改正その他の事項に関し、平穏に請願する権利を有し、何人も、かかる請願をしたためにいかなる差別待遇も受けない。
• Every person shall have the right of peaceful petition for the redress of damage, for the removal of public officials, for the enactment, repeal or amendment of laws, ordinances or regulations and for other matters; nor shall any person be in any way discriminated against for sponsoring such a petition.

• 何人も、損害の救濟、公務員の罷免、法律、命令又は規則の制定、廢止又は改正その他の事項に關し、平穩に請願する權利を有し、何人も、かかる請願をしたためにいかなる差別待遇も受けない。
• Every person shall have the right of peaceful petition for the redress of damage, for the removal of public officials, for the enactment, repeal or amendment of laws, ordinances or regulations and for other matters; nor shall any person be in any way discriminated against for sponsoring such a petition.

• 公務員が請託を受け、他の公務員に職務上不正な行為をさせるように、又は相当の行為をさせないようにあっせんすることの報酬として、賄賂を収受し、又はその要求若しくは約束をしたときは…
• A public officer who accepts, solicits or promises to accept a bribe as consideration for the influence which the official exerted or is to exert, in response to a request, upon another public officer so as to cause the other to act illegally or refrain from acting in the exercise of official duty…

• この法律若しくは国家公務員倫理法又はこれらの法律に基づく命令（国家公務員倫理法第五条第三項の規定に基づく訓令並びに同条第四項及び第六項の規定に基づく規則を含む。）に違反した場合
• When he/she has violated this Act, the National Public Service Ethics Act or orders issued pursuant to these laws (including the official directives pursuant to the provision of paragraph 3, and regulations pursuant to the provision of paragraphs 4 and 6 of Article 5 of the National Public Service Ethics Act);

• 現在では、公務員が許認可等の相手方、立入検査等の相手方、契約の相手方などの利害関係者から、お歳暮などの金銭・物品を受け取ることが禁じられている（国家公務員倫理規程第3条第1項）。
• Now, it is prohibited for public employees to receive money or goods as oseibo or other gifts from others who seek approvals and licenses, on-site inspections, and contracts (the National Public Service Ethics Code, Article 3, Paragraph 1.)

• 人事院は、前条の規定による権限（職員の職務に係る倫理の保持に関して行われるものに限り、かつ、第九十条第一項に規定する不服申立てに係るものを除く。）を国家公務員倫理審査会に委任する。
• The National Personnel Authority shall delegate the authority provided for in the preceding Article (limited to those implemented in regard to the maintenance of ethics pertaining to the duties of officials, and except for the appeals provided for in paragraph 1 of Article 90) to the National Public Service Ethics Board.

• 指定紛争解決機関の紛争解決委員又は役員若しくは職員で紛争解決等業務に従事する者は、刑法（明治四十年法律第四十五号）その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• With regard to the application of the Penal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907) and other penal provisions, a Dispute Resolution Mediator or an officer or employee of the Designated Dispute Resolution Organization shall be deemed to be officials engaged in public service under laws and regulations.

• 第八十二条第二項の規定により都道府県協会が行う技能検定試験に関する業務に従事する都道府県協会の役員及び職員は、刑法その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• With regard to the application of the Penal Code and other penal provisions, an officer or employee engaged in duties relating to the trade skill tests conducted by a Prefectural Association as prescribed in Article 82, paragraph (2) shall be deemed to be an official engaged in public services pursuant to laws and regulations.

• このような功績から新政府の外務大臣 (日本)伊達宗城（宇和島藩主）は、江戸に駐在していたフランス公使ロッシュに対し、モンブランをパリの日本公務弁理職（総領事）に任ずると通知している。
• Because of this outstanding achievement, Munenari DATE (lord of the Uwajima clan), the Minister of Foreign Affairs in the new government, notified the French envoy Roches, who was stationed in Edo, that Montblanc was to be appointed Japanese Consul General in Paris.

• 農林水産大臣等は、第九項の規定による休暇の承認を受けようとする国家公務員からその承認の請求があったときは、公務の運営に支障があると認められる場合を除き、これを承認しなければならない。
• The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, etc. shall, when an approval for leave is requested from a national public officer who intends to obtain said approval pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 9, approve said request, except in cases where said request would be found to impede the operation of public duties.

• 公務員であった者が、その在職中に請託を受けて職務上不正な行為をしたこと又は相当の行為をしなかったことに関し、賄賂を収受し、又はその要求若しくは約束をしたときは、五年以下の懲役に処する。
• When a person who resigned from the position of a public officer accepts, solicits or promises to accept a bribe in connection with having acted illegally or having refrained from acting in the exercise of his or her duty with agreement thereof in response to a request, the person shall be punished by imprisonment with work for not more than 5 years.

• 加えて、有能な人材を民間から登用する際、一時的に足軽として藩に在籍させ、その後昇進させる等の、ステップとしての一面もあり、中世の無頼の輩は、近世では下級公務員的性格へと変化していった。
• In addition, the status also had the aspect of serving as a career stepping stone such as when capable individuals who were appointed from among ordinary citizens were temporarily be enrolled with the domain as ashigaru before their subsequent promotion, and what were once gangs of villains during the middle ages took on the identity of low-level public servants.

• 法務大臣は、認定に関する事務の処理に関し必要があると認めるときは、申請者に対し必要な資料の提出を求め、又は公務所、公私の団体その他の関係者に照会して必要な事項の報告を求めることができる。
• If the Minister of Justice finds it necessary for the administration of affairs relating to Certifications, the Minister may request an Applicant to submit necessary materials, or make inquiries to public offices, public or private organizations or other related parties and request them to report on necessary matters.

• その職掌は各省とその傘下の役職の監督が主であり、庶事の受け付け、官内の糺断と決裁、起案文への署名、公務の遅滞や過失の判断、諸官庁の宿直と諸国司の朝集の裁定をつかさどった（大宝令職員令）。
• The duties of Benkan were mainly supervising the officials of the ministries and the organizations under the ministries, as well as administering the ruling of reception of general notification, examination and decision of the matters inside the government, signatures to drafts, judgment on delay or negligence in public services, night-watch duties of the government offices and morning ceremony Choshu of Kokushi (Taihorei Shokuinrei).

• 地方公務員に関して法第二十四条第一項の規定が適用される場合における前項の規定の適用については、同項第一号中「小切手」とあるのは、「小切手又は地方公共団体によつて振り出された小切手」とする。
• With regard to the application of the provision of the preceding paragraph, when the provision of paragraph (1) of Article 24 of the Act applies to local public officers, "a check" referred to in item (i) of the preceding paragraph shall be replaced with "a check or a check issued by the local public entity concerned".

• しかし、葬儀は宗教行為とされる一方、公務員に相当する神職（神社神道は宗教でないとされていた）は宗教活動である神葬祭を行なうことを禁止された。（例外的に府県社以下神社の神職は当分認められた）
• However, while funeral rites were designated as a religious act, Shinto priests (with the exception of priests of shrines below the rank of prefectural shrines, who were allowed to practice Shinsosai for a while), who were regarded as government officials (It is agreed that Shrine Shinto was not a religion), were prohibited from performing Shinsosai because it was a religious act.

• 第一項の規定による特別徴収義務者に対する通知（地方公務員共済組合に係るものに限る。）は、当該年度の初日の属する年の七月三十一日までに、地方公務員共済組合連合会を経由してしなければならない。
• A notification to a Person Under Obligation of Special Collection pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) (limited to those pertaining to a Local Public Service Mutual Aid Association) shall be issued by the Pension Fund Association for Local Government Officials by July 31 of the year that includes the first day of said fiscal year.

• 公正取引委員会は、その職務を行うために必要があるときは、公務所、特別の法令により設立された法人、学校、事業者、事業者の団体、学識経験ある者その他の者に対し、必要な調査を嘱託することができる。
• The Fair Trade Commission may, if necessary for the performance of its duties, commission public offices, juridical persons formed by special laws and regulations, schools, entrepreneurs, organizations of entrepreneurs, persons with the relevant knowledge and experience, or others to carry out necessary research and surveys.

• 第一項の規定による特別徴収義務者に対する通知（社会保険庁長官及び特定年金保険者並びに地方公務員共済組合に係るものを除く。）は、当該年度の初日の属する年の八月三十一日までにしなければならない。
• A notification issued to a Person Under Obligation of Special Collection pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (1) (except for a notification pertaining to the secretary of a Social Insurance Agency, a Specified Pension Insurer, or a Local Public Service Mutual Aid Association) shall be issued by August 31 of the year that includes the first day of said fiscal year.

• 第五項の規定により委託を受けた指定居宅介護支援事業者等若しくはその職員又は介護支援専門員で、当該委託業務に従事するものは、刑法その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• A Designated In-Home Long-Term Care Support Provider, etc., entrusted pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (5), its personnel, or a Long-Term Care Support Specialist that engages in said entrusted operations shall be deemed as personnel who engage in public service pursuant to the provisions of laws and regulations with regard to the application of the Penal Code and other penal provisions.

• 給特法の適用を受ける国家公務員であって小学校就学の始期に達するまでの子を養育するものは、農林水産大臣等の承認を受けて、負傷し、又は疾病にかかったその子の世話を行うため、休暇を取得することができる。
• A national public officer who is subject to the Special Wage Act and is taking care of a child before the time of commencement of elementary school may obtain a leave to take care of the child in the event of injury or sickness to said child with the approval of the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, etc.

• 前二項に規定するもののほか、公務所若しくは公務員の作成すべき文書若しくは図画を偽造し、又は公務所若しくは公務員が作成した文書若しくは図画を変造した者は、三年以下の懲役又は二十万円以下の罰金に処する。
• Except for the cases provided for in the preceding two paragraphs, a person who counterfeits a document or drawing to be made by a public office or a public officer or who alters a document or drawing which has been made by a public office or a public officer shall be punished by imprisonment with work for not more than 3 years or a fine of not more than 200,000 yen.

• これによってその権限が拡大され、記録所の職員を6班に分けて、寺社・公務・所領争いなど、訴訟の分野ごとに担当する日付や班が定められた（後の建武の新政における雑訴決断所の分離・設置にもにも影響を与えた）。
• This made its power more extensive by assigning the six newly set-up sections of Kirokusho to different trial dates and different areas of litigation such as temples, shrines, public affairs, and ownership of land (later this influenced the setup and division of Zasso ketsudan-sho (the ancient civil court) during the Kenmu Restoration).

• 第一項の規定により事務の委託を受けた者又はその役員若しくは職員であつて当該委託事務に従事するものは、刑法（明治四十年法律第四十五号）その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• Any entity that is entrusted with relevant work pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1), or any person who are engaged in the course of the entrusted work shall be deemed as officials engaged in public services by laws and regulations for the purpose of the application of penal provisions prescribed by the Penal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907) and other laws and regulations.

• 明治7年1月14日夜、公務を終え、赤坂の仮皇居（前年の火災により赤坂離宮を皇居としていた）から退出して自宅へ帰る途中だった岩倉の馬車が、赤坂喰違坂にさしかかった際、襲撃者たちがいっせいに岩倉を襲った。
• At the night of January 14, 1874, when Iwakura finished his work and left the temporal imperial palace to his home (they used the Akasaka Palace as the Imperial Palace because of the fire in previous year), he was attacked by assailants when his hose-drawn buggy reached to Kuichigaizaka, Akasaka.

• 登録施設利用促進機関（法人である場合にあっては、その役員）又はその職員で利用者選定業務に従事する者は、刑法（明治四十年法律第四十五号）その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• The Registered Institution for Facilities Use Promotion (or its officers in case of a juridical person) or the staff members thereof who are engaged in the User Selection Services shall be deemed as officers engaged in public duties pursuant to the Acts and regulations, in terms of the application of the Criminal Code (Act No. 45 of 1907) or other penal provisions.

• 官吏その他の公務員以外の者が署名押印すべき場合に、署名することができないとき（前条第二項により記名押印することができるときを除く。）は他人に代書させ、押印することができないときは指印しなければならない。
• In cases where a person other than a national public officer or any other public officer is to affix his/her signature and seal, if he/she is unable to affix his/her signature (excluding a case where he/she is able to affix his/her seal next to his/her name pursuant to paragraph (2) of the preceding Article), he/she shall have another person write on his/her behalf, and if said person other than a national public officer or any other public officer is unable to affix his/her seal thereto, he/she shall affix his/her fingerprint.

• 国家公務員法（昭和二十二年法律第百二十号）、国会職員法（昭和二十二年法律第八十五号）又は地方公務員法（昭和二十五年法律第二百六十一号）の規定により懲戒免職の処分を受け、当該処分の日から三年を経過しない者
• A person who has received a disposition of dismissal by disciplinary action pursuant to the provisions of the National Public Officers Act (Act No. 120 of 1947), the Diet Secretariats Personnel Act (Act No. 85 of 1947) or the Local Public Officers Act (Act No. 261 of 1950) and for whom three years have yet to elapse from the date of said disposition

• 職員が、相当年限忠実に勤務して退職した場合、公務に基く負傷若しくは疾病に基き退職した場合又は公務に基き死亡した場合におけるその者又はその遺族に支給する年金に関する制度が、樹立し実施せられなければならない。
• There shall be established and administered a system that governs the pension issuable to officials or to their bereaved families when such officials have retired after having faithfully served for a reasonable number of years or as the result of injury or disease incurred in line of public duty or when they have died in line of public duty.

• 前項に規定する給与等の支給の基準のうち役員に係るものは、特別職の職員の給与に関する法律（昭和二十四年法律第二百五十二号）の適用を受ける国家公務員の給与及び退職手当その他の事情を勘案して定められなければならない。
• Among the standards for paying remuneration prescribed in the preceding paragraph, those pertaining to officers shall be established in consideration of salaries, retirement allowances, and other circumstances of national public officers to whom the Act on Salaries of Government Officials with Special Capacity (Act No. 252 of 1949) is applicable.

• 登録又は登録換えの請求前一年以内に当該弁護士会の地域内において常時勤務を要する公務員であつた者で、その地域内において弁護士の職務を行わせることが特にその適正を欠くおそれがあるものについてもまた前項と同様とする。
• The preceding paragraph shall apply to an applicant who, in the one year prior to his/her request for registration or transfer of registration, was a full-time public officer in the district of the applicable bar association, and who may be particularly likely to be unfit to practice law within that district.

• 王制を維持している国（イギリス、オランダ、ベルギー、デンマーク、スペイン、スカンディナヴィア3国等）では若干の特権が残っているが、ほとんどは形式的なものである（会社員や公務員勤めをしている侯爵家当主さえいる）。
• In the nations where a monarchy is still maintained (such as England, the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Spain, and the three Scandinavian nations), a few privileges of Kizoku still remain, but almost all of them are only nominal (some marquis family heads work as company employees or government officers).

• 通常のナンバープレートが付けられている日常公務用の送迎車もあり、天皇・皇后用はトヨタ・センチュリー、皇太子一家用はトヨタ・アルファード、秋篠宮一家用は日産・フーガ（それぞれ違う車種の場合もあり）が用意されている。
• There are chauffeur-driven cars for daily official business with normal number plate: TOYOTA Century for the Emperor and Empress, TOYOTA ALPHARD for the family of the royal prince and Nissan FUGA for the Akishinonomiya family (the car models vary).

• 農林水産大臣等は、第三項の規定による休業の承認を受けようとする国家公務員からその承認の請求があったときは、当該請求に係る期間のうち公務の運営に支障があると認められる日又は時間を除き、これを承認しなければならない。
• The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, etc. shall, when an approval for leave is requested from a national public officer who intends to obtain said approval pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 3, approve said request, excluding days or hours, among the period pertaining to the request, which are found to impede the operation of public duties.

• 暴行又は脅迫をするため多衆が集合した場合において、権限のある公務員から解散の命令を三回以上受けたにもかかわらず、なお解散しなかったときは、首謀者は三年以下の懲役又は禁錮に処し、その他の者は十万円以下の罰金に処する。
• When a crowd assembles for the purpose of committing an act of assault or intimidation and fails to disperse after being ordered three times or more to disperse by a public officer with authority, the ringleader shall be punished by imprisonment with or without work for not more than 3 years and the others by a fine of not more than 100,000 yen.

• 各省各庁の長等又はその委任を受けた者は、第一項の所得等報告書又は前項の納税申告書の写し（以下「所得等報告書等」という。）の提出を受けたときは、当該所得等報告書等の写しを国家公務員倫理審査会に送付しなければならない。
• When the heads of each ministry and agency or a person who is delegated by them receive the submission of a report of income, etc. set forth in paragraph 1 or a copy of the tax return form set forth in the preceding paragraph (hereinafter referred to as the 'report of income, etc.'), they shall send a copy of the report of income, etc. to the National Public Service Ethics Board.

• 職員が公務に基き死亡し、又は負傷し、若しくは疾病にかかり、若しくはこれに起因して死亡した場合における、本人及びその直接扶養する者がこれによつて受ける損害に対し、これを補償する制度が樹立し実施せられなければならない。
• A system of compensating the official himself/herself and his/her immediate dependents for damage sustained by them due to the death, injury or disease of the official incurred in line of public duty or the death of the official resultant of injury or disease incurred in line of public duty shall be established and enforced.

• 現在も、国会開会式などの重要な公務においては、後述のトヨタ・センチュリーではなく、リムジンタイプの同車が使用されているが、老朽化のため、2006年以降、順次トヨタ・センチュリーロイヤルへの置き換えが予定されている。
• Still now, not TOYOTA Century to be described, but limousine type of Nissan Prince Royal is used for the important official business such as for the opening ceremony of the Diet, but it will be gradually replaced by a TOYOTA Century Royal after 2006 due to aging.

• 公務員が請託を受け、他の公務員に職務上不正な行為をさせるように、又は相当の行為をさせないようにあっせんをすること又はしたことの報酬として、賄賂を収受し、又はその要求若しくは約束をしたときは、五年以下の懲役に処する。
• A public officer who accepts, solicits or promises to accept a bribe as consideration for the influence which the official exerted or is to exert, in response to a request, upon another public officer so as to cause the other to act illegally or refrain from acting in the exercise of official duty shall be punished by imprisonment with work for not more than 5 years.

• 偽造し、又は変造された物が押収されていないときは、これを提出させて、前項に規定する手続をしなければならない。但し、その物が公務所に属するときは、偽造又は変造の部分を公務所に通知して相当な処分をさせなければならない。
• When a counterfeit or altered article is not seized, it shall be submitted and shall be subject to the procedures set forth in the preceding paragraph; provided, however, that, when said article belongs to a public agency, said public agency shall be notified of the portion of said article which is counterfeit or altered, and said public agency shall take appropriate measures.

• 国家公務員若しくは地方公務員又はこれらの職にあつた者は、その在職中又は退職後二年間は、その在職し、又は退職前二年間に在職していた職と職務上密接な関係にある営利企業の財務について、第二条第一項の業務を行つてはならない。
• A national public officer or local public officer or a person who has been in such a position shall not provide, during his/her tenure of office nor during the two years after retirement, the services set forth in Article 2(1) concerning the finance of a profit-making company closely related to the duties of the office which is or was held during the two years preceding retirement.

• 公正取引委員会は、その職務を行うために必要があるときは、公務所、特別の法令により設立された法人、事業者若しくは事業者の団体又はこれらの職員に対し、出頭を命じ、又は必要な報告、情報若しくは資料の提出を求めることができる。
• The Fair Trade Commission may, if necessary for the performance of its duties, order public offices, juridical persons formed by special laws and regulations, entrepreneurs or organizations of entrepreneurs, or their personnel to appear before the Fair Trade Commission, or require them to submit necessary reports, information or materials.

• 公務員が、その職務上不正な行為をしたこと又は相当の行為をしなかったことに関し、賄賂を収受し、若しくはその要求若しくは約束をし、又は第三者にこれを供与させ、若しくはその供与の要求若しくは約束をしたときも、前項と同様とする。
• The same shall apply when a public officer accepts, solicits or promises to accept a bribe, or causes a bribe to be given to a third party or solicits or promises a bribe to be given to a third party, in connection with having acted illegally or having refrained from acting in the exercise of the official's duty.

• 健康保険法、船員保険法、国家公務員共済組合法（他の法律において準用する場合を含む。）又は地方公務員等共済組合法の規定による被扶養者。ただし、健康保険法第三条第二項の規定による日雇特例被保険者の同法の規定による被扶養者を除く。
• an insured person's dependent pursuant to the provisions of the Health Insurance Act, Seaman's Insurance Act, National Public Servants Mutual Aid Association Law (including cases when applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to other Acts), or the Local Public Care Service Mutual Aid Association Act, however, provided that it shall not apply to a dependent pursuant to the provisions of Article 3, paragraph (2) of the Health Insurance Act of a specially-insured day laborer pursuant to the provisions of the same Act;

• 警察官又は前項の国の機関の職員は、前二項の調査に関し、関係人に質問し、実況見分をし、書類その他の物の所有者、所持者若しくは保管者にその物の提示を求め、又は公務所若しくは公私の団体に照会して必要な事項の報告を求めることができる。
• With regard to the inquiry set forth in the preceding two paragraphs, a police officer or an official of the national agency in the preceding paragraph may: question any person concerned; make an inspection; ask the owner, possessor or custodian of a document and other articles to present it; or ask a public office, or a public or private organization to make a report on a necessary matter.

• 特に明治17年（1884年）4月下旬に森が文部省の顧問である御用掛に任命される事を知ると、「病気」を口実に伊藤（宮内卿兼務）ら政府高官との面会を一切拒絶し、6月25日まで2ヶ月近くも公務を放棄して引籠もって承認を遅らせている。
• Especially there was one occasion when the Emperor knew Mori was appointed as a general affairs official of the Imperial Household, an advisor to the Ministry of Education in the late April, 1884, he refused to see any high officials of the government such as Ito (he also worked as kunai Kyo (the director of the Imperial House hold)) using the excuse of being sick, he did not appear in public and cancelled his government affairs for more than two months until 25 June, since he did not wish to approve Ito's appointment.

• 懲戒の処分により、弁護士若しくは外国法事務弁護士であつて除名され、弁理士であつて業務を禁止され、公認会計士であつて登録を抹消され、税理士であつて業務を禁止され、又は公務員であつて免職され、その処分を受けた日から三年を経過しない者
• A person who, through disciplinary action, has been disbarred as an attorney or as a Registered Foreign Lawyer, has been prohibited from practicing as a patent attorney, has had his/her registration as a certified public accountant revoked, has been prohibited from practicing business as a tax attorney, or has been dismissed from his/her office as a public officer, and three years have not elapsed since the date such disciplinary action was imposed;

• 第二項後段の規定により委託を受けた指定相談支援事業者等の役員又は第三項の厚生労働省令で定める者で、当該委託業務に従事するものは、刑法（明治四十年法律第四十五号）その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• The board members of the designated consultation support business operators entrusted pursuant to the provision of the second sentence of paragraph 2 or the persons who prescribed in Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare set forth in paragraph 3, who engage in entrusted service shall be deemed as officials who engage in public service pursuant to the Cabinet Order concerning application of Penal Code (Act No.45 of 1907) and other penal provisions.

• 第一項の規定により業務の委託を受けた金融機関又は政令で定める法人（以下「受託金融機関等」という。）の役員及び職員であって当該委託を受けた業務に従事するものは、刑法その他の罰則の適用については、法令により公務に従事する職員とみなす。
• Officers and employees of a financial institution or other juridical person specified by Cabinet Order that has accepted the entrustment of functions under paragraph (1) (hereinafter referred to as an 'entrusted financial institution or juridical person') who engage in the said entrusted functions shall be deemed to be employees engaging in public service pursuant to laws and regulations, with regard to the application of the Penal Code and other penal provisions.

• 第百五十四条（詔書偽造等）、第百五十五条（公文書偽造等）、第百五十七条（公正証書原本不実記載等）、第百五十八条（偽造公文書行使等）及び公務所又は公務員によって作られるべき電磁的記録に係る第百六十一条の二（電磁的記録不正作出及び供用）の罪
• The crimes prescribed under Article 154 (Counterfeiting of Imperial or State Documents), 155 (Counterfeiting of Official Documents), 157 (False Entries in the Original of Notarized Deeds) and 158 (Uttering of Counterfeit Official Documents), and the crime concerning an electromagnetic record which should be created by a public office or a public official in Article 161-2 (Unauthorized Creation of Electromagnetic Records);

• 刑事施設の長は、締約国の大使、公使、領事官その他領事任務を遂行する者又は締約国が指定する当該締約国の公務員が、条約に基づき送出受刑者が送出移送に同意しているかどうかを確認するためにその者との接見を求めるときは、これを許さなければならない。
• When an ambassador, minister, consul or official in charge of a consular mission of a member state, or a public official of a member state designated by the member state requests an interview with an outgoing sentenced person to verify whether or not the sentenced person consents to the outgoing transfer under Treaties, the warden of the penal institution shall honor the request.

• 人事院は、前条第二項の規定による権限（国家公務員倫理法又はこれに基づく命令（同法第五条第三項の規定に基づく訓令並びに同条第四項及び第六項の規定に基づく規則を含む。）に違反する行為に関して行われるものに限る。）を国家公務員倫理審査会に委任する。
• The National Personnel Authority shall delegate certain authority provided for in paragraph 2 of the preceding Article (limited to that implemented in regard to the acts violating the National Public Service Ethics Act or orders issued thereunder [including the official directives pursuant to the provision of paragraph 3 of Article 5, and regulations pursuant to the provision of paragraphs 4 and 6 of the same Article of the said Act]) to the National Public Service Ethics Board.

• 弁護士は、受任している事件について、所属弁護士会に対し、公務所又は公私の団体に照会して必要な事項の報告を求めることを申し出ることができる。申出があつた場合において、当該弁護士会は、その申出が適当でないと認めるときは、これを拒絶することができる。
• An attorney may request the bar association to which he/she belongs to make inquiries to public offices or public or private organizations for information necessary for a case to which he/she has been retained. The bar association may refuse the request if it finds such request to be inappropriate.

• この法律の規定は、一般職に属するすべての職（以下その職を官職といい、その職を占める者を職員という。）に、これを適用する。人事院は、ある職が、国家公務員の職に属するかどうか及び本条に規定する一般職に属するか特別職に属するかを決定する権限を有する。
• The provisions of this Act shall apply to all positions belonging to the regular service (hereinafter referred to as 'government positions,' and those holding such positions will be hereinafter referred to as 'officials'). The National Personnel Authority shall have the authority to decide whether a certain position belongs to the service of the national public servants, and whether it belongs to the regular service or the special service as provided for in this Article.

• 検察若しくは警察の職務を行い、若しくはこれを補助する者、法令により拘禁された者を看守し、若しくは護送する者又はこの法律の規定により調査に従事する者に対し、凶器又は毒劇物を携え、多衆共同してなす刑法第九十五条（公務執行妨害及び職務強要）に規定する行為
• The act prescribed in Article 95 of the Penal Code (Obstructing or Compelling Performance of Public Duty), performed collectively by carrying any deadly weapon or poison, against any person engaged in prosecutorial or police duties, any assistant to such official, any person who guards or escorts persons in legal custody, or any person engaged in an investigation under this Act; or

• 官吏その他の公務員が書類を作成するには、文字を改変してはならない。文字を加え、削り、又は欄外に記入したときは、その範囲を明らかにして、訂正した部分に認印しなければならない。ただし、削つた部分は、これを読むことができるように字体を残さなければならない。
• When a national public officer or any other public officer prepares a document, he/she shall not alter any of the characters. If he/she adds, deletes, or enters in the margins any characters, he/she shall clarify the range thereof and affix his/her seal of approval to the part he/she revised; provided, however, that, in any deleted part, the deleted characters shall be left visible so that they can be read.

• 公務員に対し虚偽の申立てをして、登記簿、戸籍簿その他の権利若しくは義務に関する公正証書の原本に不実の記載をさせ、又は権利若しくは義務に関する公正証書の原本として用いられる電磁的記録に不実の記録をさせた者は、五年以下の懲役又は五十万円以下の罰金に処する。
• A person, who makes a false statement before a public officer and thereby causes the official to make a false entry in the original of a notarized deed, such as the registry or family registry, relating to rights or duties or to create a false record on the electromagnetic record to be used as the original of a notarized deed relating to rights or duties, shall be punished by imprisonment with work for not more than 5 years or a fine of not more than 500,000 yen.

• 地方公共団体及び地方独立行政法人法（平成十五年法律第百十八号）第二条第二項に規定する特定地方独立行政法人は、この法律の規定に基づく国及び特定独立行政法人の施策に準じて、地方公務員の職務に係る倫理の保持のために必要な施策を講ずるよう努めなければならない。
• Local government and specified local incorporated administrative agencies provided for in paragraph 2 of Article 2 of the Local Incorporated Administrative Agency Act (Act No. 118 of 2003) shall endeavor to take necessary measures to maintain ethics pertaining to the duties of local public officers, equivalent to the measures taken by the State and the specified incorporated administrative agencies pursuant to this Act.

• 各省各庁の長（内閣総理大臣、各省大臣、会計検査院長、人事院総裁、内閣法制局長官及び警察庁長官並びに宮内庁長官及び各外局の長をいう。以下同じ。）は、国家公務員倫理審査会の同意を得て、当該各省各庁に属する職員の職務に係る倫理に関する訓令を定めることができる。
• The heads of each ministry and agency (this refers to the Prime Minister, Ministers of each Ministry, the President of the Board of Audit, the President of the National Personnel Authority, Director General of the Cabinet Legislation Bureau, Director General of the National Police Agency, the Grand Steward of the Imperial Household Agency and the heads of each external bureau; the same shall apply hereinafter) may provide for official directives concerning ethics pertaining to the duties of officials who belong to the relevant ministry or agency with the consent of the National Public Service Ethics Board.

• 各省各庁の長等又はその委任を受けた者は、前項の規定により贈与等報告書の提出を受けたときは、当該贈与等報告書（指定職以上の職員に係るものに限り、かつ、第九条第二項ただし書に規定する事項に係る部分を除く。）の写しを国家公務員倫理審査会に送付しなければならない。
• When the heads of each ministry and agency or a person who is delegated by them receive the submission of a report of gifts, etc. pursuant to the preceding paragraph, they shall send a copy of the report of gifts, etc. (limited to reports of the officials of designated service or higher and excluding the portions pertaining to the matters provided for in the proviso of paragraph 2 of Article 9) to the National Public Service Ethics Board.

• 公務員又は公務員であった者を証人として職務上の秘密について尋問する場合には、裁判所は、当該監督官庁（衆議院若しくは参議院の議員又はその職にあった者についてはその院、内閣総理大臣その他の国務大臣又はその職にあった者については内閣）の承認を得なければならない。
• When examining, as a witness, a public officer or a person who was a public officer with regard to any secrets in relation to his/her duties, the court shall obtain approval of the supervisory government agency concerned (in the case of a member of the House of Representatives or House of Councillors or a person who held such post, the respective House; in the case of the Prime Minister or any other Minister of State or a person who held such post, the Cabinet).

• この法律に基づく職員の職務に係る倫理の保持に関する内閣総理大臣の所掌する事務は、第四条、第五条第六項、第十四条、第十七条及び第十八条第三項に定める事務に関するもののほか、国家公務員倫理規程並びに第四十二条第一項及び次条の政令に関するものに限られるものとする。
• Affairs under the jurisdiction of the Prime Minister concerning the maintenance of ethics pertaining to the duties of officials pursuant to this Act shall be limited to those concerning the National Public Service Ethics Code and the Cabinet Orders set forth in paragraph 1 of Article 42 and the following Article, in addition to the affairs provided for in Article 4, paragraph 6 of Article 5, Article 14, Article 17 and paragraph 3 of Article 18.

• 公務員（国家公務員法（昭和二十二年法律第百二十号）第二条第一項に規定する国家公務員及び地方公務員法（昭和二十五年法律第二百六十一号）第三条第一項に規定する地方公務員をいう。以下同じ。）又は公務員であった者に対してその職務又は身分に関してされる処分及び行政指導
• Dispositions or Administrative Guidance concerning the duties or status rendered to public officials (here meaning, the national public officers described in Article 2, paragraph 1 of the National Public Officer Act (Act No. 120 of 1947) and the local public officers described in Article 3, paragraph 1 of the Local Public Officer Act (Act No. 261 of 1950). The same shall apply hereinafter) or rendered to former public officials;

• 検察官又は司法警察員は、共助に必要な証拠の収集に関し、関係人の出頭を求めてこれを取り調べ、鑑定を嘱託し、実況見分をし、書類その他の物の所有者、所持者若しくは保管者にその物の提出を求め、又は公務所若しくは公私の団体に照会して必要な事項の報告を求めることができる。
• With regard to the collection of evidence necessary for assistance, a public prosecutor or a judicial police officer may: ask any person concerned to appear before them and interview the person; request an expert opinion; make an inspection; ask the owner, possessor or custodian of a document or other materials to submit it; or ask a public office, or a public or private organization to make reports on necessary matters.

• 被告人は、公務執行妨害罪及び傷害罪で起訴されたが、巡査による写真撮影は違法捜査であるから、適法な公務執行ではなく、これに抵抗しても公務執行妨害罪は成立しない、として争った（違法な公務執行がなされた場合に公務執行妨害罪が成立しないことは、一般に認められている）。
• The defendant was charged with obstruction of performance of official duties and bodily injury, but he claimed that the police officer's photographing was an illegal investigation and therefore the official duties were not legal and the charge was not valid (it is generally accepted that the charge for obstruction of performance of official duties is not valid when the official duties are illegal).

• 第5条・第6条では決して壮健とは言い難い天皇の体調に配慮しつつも、健康問題を理由としてむやみに大臣との謁見を拒んだり、公務を滞らせる事態を最低限に留めて国務への影響を防ぐこととした（特に森有礼の御用掛任命の際の公務復帰拒否のような事態を防止する点が重要視された）。
• Article 5 and 6 stipulated, with due considerations to Emperor's health which was far from robust, that the Emperor would not immoderately reject audiences with ministers and other duties for health reason which would disrupt the flow of public service, to prevent national services from being affected (This placed importance in avoiding such situation as the Emperor would refuse to return to public service as was seen upon the appointment of Arinori MORI as Goyogakari).

• 公務のために臨時の必要がある場合においては、第一項の規定にかかわらず、官公署の事業（別表第一に掲げる事業を除く。）に従事する国家公務員及び地方公務員については、第三十二条から前条まで若しくは第四十条の労働時間を延長し、又は第三十五条の休日に労働させることができる。
• Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1), if there is an extraordinary need for the purposes of public service, in so far as national public officers and local public officers who engage in business of public agencies (excluding businesses stipulated in Annexed Table No. 1) are concerned, the employer may extend the working hours stipulated in Articles 32 through 32-5 or Article 40 or may have workers work on the days off stipulated in Article 35.

• その後、光圀は父徳川頼房の死去により家督を相続し、公務が多忙となったため事業からは遠ざかっていたが、幕府では寛文2年（1662年）に林鵞峰に命じて編年体の史書『本朝通鑑』の編纂を開始しており、光圀は林鵞峰を藩邸に招いて面談し、編纂方針や正統問題について質問している。
• Then, Mitsukuni succeeded to the family after his father, TOKUGAWA Yorifusa, died and became busy with official duties, so that he stayed away from the enterprise, but the government ordered HAYASHI Gaho to compile a chronicle of Japan, 'Honchotsukan' and Mitsukuni asked HAYASHI Gaho about compiling policy and legitimacy, in person.

• 国家公務員及び地方公務員に関しては、第三十二条中「育児等退職者」とあるのは「育児等退職者（第二十七条に規定する育児等退職者をいう。以下同じ。）」と、第三十四条第二項中「対象労働者等」とあるのは「対象労働者等（第三十条に規定する対象労働者等をいう。以下同じ。）」とする。
• With regard to national and local public officers, the term "Former Employee who Resigned due to Child Care, etc." in Article 32 shall be deemed to be replaced with "Former Employee who Resigned due to Child Care, etc. (which are prescribed in Article 27; the same shall apply hereinafter)"; and the term "Subject Workers etc." in Article 34 paragraph 2 shall be deemed to be replaced with "Subject Workers, etc. (which are prescribed in Article 30; the same shall apply hereinafter)."

• 第百九十三条（公務員職権濫用）、第百九十五条第二項（特別公務員暴行陵虐）及び第百九十七条から第百九十七条の四まで（収賄、受託収賄及び事前収賄、第三者供賄、加重収賄及び事後収賄、あっせん収賄）の罪並びに第百九十五条第二項の罪に係る第百九十六条（特別公務員職権濫用等致死傷）の罪
• The crimes prescribed under Article 193 (Abuse of Authority by Public Officials), paragraph (2) of Article 195 (Assault and Cruelty by Special Public Officials) and Articles 197 through 197-4 (Acceptance of Bribes; Acceptance on a Request; Acceptance in Advance; Passing of Bribes to a Third Party; Aggravated Acceptance; Acceptance after Resignation of Office; Acceptance for Exertion of Influence), and the crime of causing death or injury through commission of the crime prescribed under paragraph (2) of Article 195.

• 行使の目的で、公務所若しくは公務員の印章若しくは署名を使用して公務所若しくは公務員の作成すべき文書若しくは図画を偽造し、又は偽造した公務所若しくは公務員の印章若しくは署名を使用して公務所若しくは公務員の作成すべき文書若しくは図画を偽造した者は、一年以上十年以下の懲役に処する。
• A person who, for the purpose of uttering, counterfeits with the seal or signature of a public office or a public officer, a document or drawing to be made by a public office or a public officer, or counterfeits, with a counterfeited seal or signature of such public office or public officer, a document or drawing to be made by a public office or a public officer, shall be punished by imprisonment with work for not less than 1 year but not more than 10 years.

• 公務員又は公務員であつた者が保管し、又は所持する物について、本人又は当該公務所から職務上の秘密に関するものであることを申し立てたときは、当該監督官庁の承諾がなければ、押収をすることはできない。但し、当該監督官庁は、国の重大な利益を害する場合を除いては、承諾を拒むことができない。
• Articles retained or possessed by a public officer or ex-public officer may not be seized without the consent of his/her supervisory public agency, when he/she or the public agency asserts that the articles pertain to official confidential information; provided, however, that the supervisory public agency may not refuse consent except where the seizure may harm important national interests.

• 公務員又は公務員であつた者が知り得た事実について、本人又は当該公務所から職務上の秘密に関するものであることを申し立てたときは、当該監督官庁の承諾がなければ証人としてこれを尋問することはできない。但し、当該監督官庁は、国の重大な利益を害する場合を除いては、承諾を拒むことができない。
• The court shall not examine, without the consent of the supervisory public agency, a public officer or ex-public officer on matters which he/she has come to know, when the officer or the public office asserts that the knowledge of the public officer or ex-public officer pertains to official confidential information; provided, however, that the supervisory public agency may not refuse to give consent except where such examination may harm important national interests.

• ところが、その背景にキリスト教の信奉者である森有礼が文部省御用掛に内定したことを天皇が「教学聖旨」を無視したものと不快感を示して公務への復帰を拒んでいたことが明らかとなり、しかもそれが政府が報告するよりも先に宮中の側近達から天皇に対して報告されていたことに伊藤は衝撃を受けたのである。
• Ito was shocked to know that the reason of Emperor's rejection to return to public service was because the Emperor was upset about the informal appointment of Arinori MORI, a Christian, as Goyogakari (a general affairs official of the Imperial Household) which he thought was a neglect of his 'Imperial Thoughts on Education', and that the appointment was reported to the Emperor by the close advisers in the Imperial court before the government.

• 飛行機及び鉄道による移動は、通常の交通手段であるとみなされる。しかしながら、事務局長は、公務出張を行う職員に対し、特に飛行機による移動が不可能であることを医師が認定する場合、また鉄道による移動が不可能であるか、長すぎ、あるいは高すぎる場合、自家用車又は公用車の使用を認めることができる。
• Air and rail travel are considered to be the normal means of transport. The Director-General may, however, authorize staff members on official duty to use a private or official car, in particular when a doctor certifies that they cannot travel by air for medical reasons, and that travel by rail is either not possible, too long or too expensive.

• 前二条の規定によつて国又は公共団体が損害を賠償する責に任ずる場合において、公務員の選任若しくは監督又は公の営造物の設置若しくは管理に当る者と公務員の俸給、給与その他の費用又は公の営造物の設置若しくは管理の費用を負担する者とが異なるときは、費用を負担する者もまた、その損害を賠償する責に任ずる。
• In cases where the State or a public entity assumes the responsibility to compensate for losses pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two Articles, when the person responsible for the appointment or supervision of public officers or the installation or administration of public structures differs from the person who bears the costs of the public officer's salary, remuneration, and other costs or the costs of the placement or administration of public structures, the person who bears the costs also shall assume the responsibility to compensate for such losses.

• 研究所は、前項の規定の適 用を受けた研究所の職員の退職に際し、退職手当を支給しようとするときは、その者の国家公務員退職手当法第二条第一項に規定する職員（同条第二項の規定に より職員とみなされる者を含む。）としての引き続いた在職期間を研究所の職員としての在職期間とみなして取り扱うべきものとする。
• When the Institute intends to pay a retirement allowance upon retirement of an employee of the Institute who is subject to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the tenure during which said person continued in a position as an employee as prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (1) of the National Government Employees, etc. Retirement Allowance Act (including persons deemed employees pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (2) of said Article) should be deemed as the tenure during which said person was an employee of the Institute and handled as such.

• この法律は、自衛隊員が国民全体の奉仕者であってその職務は国民から負託された公務であることにかんがみ、自衛隊員の職務に係る倫理の保持に資するため必要な措置を講ずることにより、職務の執行の公正さに対する国民の疑惑や不信を招くような行為の防止を図り、もって公務に対する国民の信頼を確保することを目的とする。
• The purpose of this Act is to prevent acts of self-defense forces personnel that may bring about suspicion and distrust from the citizens in regards to the fairness of execution of duty to ensure public trust in public services by taking necessary measures that contribute to the maintenance of ethics pertaining to the duties of self-defense forces personnel in light of the fact that self-defense forces personnel are public servants of all citizens and their duty is public service that is entrusted by the citizens.

• この憲法施行の際現に在職する国務大臣、衆議院議員及び裁判官並びにその他の公務員で、その地位に相応する地位がこの憲法で認められてゐる者は、法律で特別の定をした場合を除いては、この憲法施行のため、当然にはその地位を失ふことはない。但し、この憲法によつて、後任者が選挙又は任命されたときは、当然その地位を失ふ。
• The Ministers of State, members of the House of Representatives, and judges in office on the effective date of this Constitution, and all other public officials, who occupy positions corresponding to such positions as are recognized by this Constitution shall not forfeit their positions automatically on account of the enforcement of this Constitution unless otherwise specified by law. When, however, successors are elected or appointed under the provisions of this Constitution they shall forfeit their positions as a matter of course.

• この憲法施行の際現に在職する國務大臣、衆議院議員及び裁判官竝びにその他の公務員で、その地位に相應する地位がこの憲法で認められてゐる者は、法律で特別の定をした場合を除いては、この憲法施行のため、當然にはその地位を失ふことはない。但し、この憲法によつて、後任者が選擧又は任命されたときは、當然その地位を失ふ。
• The Ministers of State, members of the House of Representatives and judges in office on the effective date of this Constitution, and all other public officials who occupy positions corresponding to such positions as are recognized by this Constitution shall not forfeit their positions automatically on account of the enforcement of this Constitution unless otherwise specified by law. When, however, successors are elected or appointed under the provisions of this Constitution, they shall forfeit their positions as a matter of course.

• この法律は、国家公務員が国民全体の奉仕者であってその職務は国民から負託された公務であることにかんがみ、国家公務員の職務に係る倫理の保持に資するため必要な措置を講ずることにより、職務の執行の公正さに対する国民の疑惑や不信を招くような行為の防止を図り、もって公務に対する国民の信頼を確保することを目的とする。
• The purpose of this Act is to prevent acts of national public officers that may bring about suspicion and distrust from the citizens in regards to the fairness of execution of duty to ensure public trust in public services by taking necessary measures that contribute to the maintenance of ethics pertaining to the duties of national public officers in light of the fact that national public officers are public servants of all citizens and their duty is public service that is entrusted by the citizens.

• 電磁的記録であって情報を表すために作成されたもの（公務員が職務上作成したものを除く。）は、当該電磁的記録に記録された情報について本人による電子署名（これを行うために必要な符号及び物件を適正に管理することにより、本人だけが行うことができることとなるものに限る。）が行われているときは、真正に成立したものと推定する。
• Any electromagnetic record that is made in order to express information (except for that prepared by a public official in the course of duties) shall be presumed to be established authentically if the Electronic Signature (limited to that which can be performed by the principal through appropriate management of codes and properties necessary to perform this) is performed by the principal with respect to information recorded in such electromagnetic record.

• 位階や旭日章・瑞宝章などのその他の勲章は仕官して公務員（当時は官吏）となれば勤続年数などの一定の条件で大抵誰でも受勲することができ、また官吏では無い兵 (日本軍)や民間人でも対象となったが、金鵄勲章は軍人軍属のみでかつ相応の戦功がなくては授与されず、大将や皇族軍人といえども相応の武功がなければ授与されなかった。
• In terms of other orders, including courtly rank and the Orders of the Rising Sun and Orders of the Sacred Treasure, when it came to civil servants (at the time, they were termed 'government officials') in government service, once they fulfilled the prescribed condition--for example, working continuously for a certain number of years--almost everyone would receive such medals, and non-government soldiers (in Japan's army) or civilians could also receive them; the Order of the Golden Kite, however, was limited only to military personnel, and furthermore was only granted to those who had sufficiently distinguished themselves in battle, meaning that simply being a general or an army officer of imperial blood, without distinguished service in battle, would not bring one this medal.

• 法務大臣は、選択の宣言をした日本国民で外国の国籍を失つていないものが自己の志望によりその外国の公務員の職（その国の国籍を有しない者であつても就任することができる職を除く。）に就任した場合において、その就任が日本の国籍を選択した趣旨に著しく反すると認めるときは、その者に対し日本の国籍の喪失の宣告をすることができる。
• In cases where a Japanese citizen having made the selection declaration and not having lost foreign nationality appoints the post of a public officer (with the exception of a post that may be appointed by a person not having the nationality of that country) at his/her own discretion, the Minister of Justice may pronounce a judgment of loss of Japanese nationality if it is found that the appointment of the post is markedly contrary to the purpose of the selection of Japanese nationality.

• この法律は、国家公務員たる職員について適用すべき各般の根本基準（職員の福祉及び利益を保護するための適切な措置を含む。）を確立し、職員がその職務の遂行に当り、最大の能率を発揮し得るように、民主的な方法で、選択され、且つ、指導さるべきことを定め、以て国民に対し、公務の民主的且つ能率的な運営を保障することを目的とする。
• The purpose of this Act is to establish basic standards (including adequate measures to protect the welfare and interest of officials) which shall be applicable to all officials who are national public servants and by providing that officials shall be so selected and guided through democratic means as to achieve maximum efficiency in the performance of public duties, guarantee citizens democratic and efficient performance of those duties.

• 宿泊料は、出頭等に必要な夜数に応じて支給し、その額は、宿泊地が、国家公務員等の旅費に関する法律（昭和二十五年法律第百十四号）別表第一に定める甲地方である場合については一夜当たり八千七百円以内において、同表に定める乙地方である場合については一夜当たり七千八百円以内において、それぞれ公正取引委員会が相当と認める額とする。
• The accommodation fee shall be paid according to the number of overnight stays required for making an appearance, etc., and the amount of the accommodation fee shall be the amount which the Japan Fair Trade Commission finds reasonable, not exceeding 8,700 yen per night where the place of stay is in Area A specified in Appended Table 1 of the Act on Travel Expenses of National Public Officers, etc. (Act No. 114 of 1950) and not exceeding 7,800 yen per night where the place of stay is in Area B specified in said table.

• 前条の規定により研究所の職 員となった者に対する国家公務員法（昭和二十二年法律第百二十号）第八十二条第二項の規定の適用については、研究所の職員を同項に規定する特別職国家公務 員等と、前条の規定により国家公務員としての身分を失ったことを任命権者の要請に応じ同項に規定する特別職国家公務員等となるため退職したこととみなす。
• With regard to the application of the provisions of Article 82, paragraph (2) of the National Public Service Act (Act No. 120 of 1947) any person who has become an employee of the Institute pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article shall be deemed as having retired, due to the fact that such a person becomes a national public servant in special service, etc. pursuant to the provisions of said paragraph, and the loss of one's status as a national public servant pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article results in said person becoming a national public servant in special service, etc. as prescribed in said paragraph at the request of the appointer.

• 国家権限の委譲とこれによる中央集権の過大な負担の軽減により、中央政界では政治が安定し、官職が特定の家業を担う家系に世襲される家職化が進み、貴族の最上位では摂関家が確立し、中流貴族に固定した階層は中央においては家業の専門技能によって公務を担う技能官人として行政実務を、地方においては受領となって地方行政を担った（平安貴族）。
• The transmission of governmental power and authority reduced the burden of the government, which enabled political stabilization of the central government, and facilitated the transfer of government posts according to heredity: among the aristocracy, the highest became Sekkan-ke (the families which produced regents), the middle-class carried out administrative affairs based on the specialized skills related with their family businesses in the central government and carried out administration as Zuryo in the local regions (Nobles in the Heian period).

• 年金保険者（社会保険庁長官及び地方公務員共済組合（全国市町村職員共済組合連合会を含む。次項、第百三十六条第三項及び第六項並びに第百三十七条第二項において同じ。）を除く。）は、前各項の規定による通知を行う場合においては、社会保険庁長官の同意を得て、当該年金保険者が行う当該通知の全部を社会保険庁長官を経由して行うことができる。
• A Pension Insurer (except for the secretary of a Social Insurance Agency or a Local Public Service Mutual Aid Association (including the National Federation of Mutual Aid Associations for Municipal Personnel; the same shall apply in the following paragraphs, Article 136, paragraph (3) and paragraph (6), and Article 137, paragraph (2))), in a case when a notification is issued pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, may obtain the consent of the secretary of said Social Insurance Agency and issue all of said notifications that are issued by said Pension Insurer, via the secretary of said Social Insurance Agency.

• 検察官、検察事務官、司法警察職員その他の公務員（裁判官その他の裁判所職員を除く。）が作成すべき書類（裁判所又は裁判官に対する申立て、意見の陳述、通知その他これらに類する訴訟行為に関する書類を除く。）には、毎葉に契印しなければならない。ただし、その謄本又は抄本を作成する場合には、契印に代えて、これに準ずる措置をとることができる。
• With regard to a document (excluding a document concerning a motion, an assertion of an opinion, a notice, or other procedural act similar thereto against a judge or any other court official) to be prepared by a public prosecutor, a public prosecutor's assistant officer, a judicial police official, or any other public officer (excluding a judge or any other court official), such public officer shall mark each sheet with a seal(s) affixed over the boundary with the following sheet to show that the marked sheets constitute a single document; provided, however, that in the case of preparing a copy or an extract thereof, he/she may take measures equivalent thereto in lieu of such marking of the sheets.

• 簡単にいえば、武官は「官人として武装しており、律令官制の中で訓練を受けた常勤の公務員的存在」であるのに対して、武士は「10世紀に成立した新式の武芸を家芸とし、武装を朝廷や国府から公認された「下級貴族」、「下級官人」、「有力者の家人中世の家人」からなる人々」であって、律令官制の訓練機構で律令制式の武芸を身につけた者ではなかった。
• Simply speaking, military officers were 'government officials (espcially one of low to medium rank) who were armed and a full-time government [public] employee-like officials trained under the Ritsuryo-system,' while the bushi were 'the people who consisted of a 'lower ranking nobles,' 'lower ranking government officials' and 'people from powerful or medieval families' who regarded the new military art established during the 10th century as their iegei and were officially authorized to be armed by the Imperial Court or kokufu (provincial office)' and they did not acquire the military art of the Ritsuryo-system style in the training institution of the organization of the government according to the Ritsuryo codes.

• この法律又はこの法律に基づく命令に違反する行為に関し、任命権者（国家公務員法第五十五条第一項に規定する任命権者及び法律で別に定められた任命権者並びにその委任を受けた者をいう。以下同じ。）に対し、調査を求め、その経過につき報告を求め及び意見を述べ、その行う懲戒処分につき承認をし、並びにその懲戒処分の概要の公表について意見を述べること。
• Requesting the appointers (this refers to appointers provided for in paragraph 1 of Article 55 of the National Public Service Act and appointers separately provided for by other laws, and a person who is delegated by them; the same shall apply hereinafter) to investigate acts that violate this Act or orders pursuant to this Act, requesting them to report the process of the investigation and stating its opinions thereon, approving the disciplinary actions to be taken by them, and stating its opinions on the publication of outlines of the disciplinary actions.

• 国家公務員法（昭和二十二年法律第百二十号）第百八条の二第一項（裁判所職員臨時措置法（昭和二十六年法律第二百九十九号）第一号において準用する場合を含む。）に規定する職員団体、地方公務員法（昭和二十五年法律第二百六十一号）第五十二条第一項に規定する職員団体又は国会職員法（昭和二十二年法律第八十五号）第十八条の二第一項に規定する国会職員の組合
• The employee organization provided by Article 108-2, paragraph 1 of the National Public Officer Act (Act No. 120 of 1947) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to item 1 of the Act on Temporary Measures concerning Court Officials (Act No. 299 of 1951)), the employee organization provided by Article 52, paragraph 1 of the Local Public Service Act (Act No. 261 of 1950) or the organization of the national Diet staff members provided by Article 18-2, paragraph 1 of the National Diet Staff Act (Act No. 85 of 1947).

• 何人も、各省各庁の長等又はその委任を受けた者に対し、前項の規定により保存されている贈与等報告書（贈与等により受けた利益又は支払を受けた報酬の価額が一件につき二万円を超える部分に限る。）の閲覧を請求することができる。ただし、次の各号のいずれかに該当するものとしてあらかじめ国家公務員倫理審査会が認めた事項に係る部分については、この限りでない。
• Any person may request the heads of each ministry and agency, etc. or a person who is delegated by them to allow inspection of reports of gifts, etc. preserved pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph (limited to portions where the profit received as gifts, etc. or the amount of a reward paid exceeds 20,000 yen per case); provided, however, that this shall not apply to the portion pertaining to a matter approved in advance by the National Public Service Ethics Board as that falls under any of the following items:

• 何人も、外国公務員等に対し、国際的な商取引に関して営業上の不正の利益を得るために、その外国公務員等に、その職務に関する行為をさせ若しくはさせないこと、又はその地位を利用して他の外国公務員等にその職務に関する行為をさせ若しくはさせないようにあっせんをさせることを目的として、金銭その他の利益を供与し、又はその申込み若しくは約束をしてはならない。
• No person shall provide, or offer or promise to provide, any money or any other gain to a foreign public officer, etc. for the purpose of having the foreign public officer, etc. act or refrain from acting in a particular way in relation to his/her duties, or having the foreign public officer, etc. use his/her position to influence another foreign public officer, etc. to act or refrain from acting in a particular way in relation to that officer's duties, in order to acquire an illicit gain in business with regard to international commercial transactions.

• 前項の規定は、要介護家族を介護する給特法の適用を受ける国家公務員について準用する。この場合において、同項中「第十九条第一項」とあるのは「第二十条第一項において準用する第十九条第一項」と、「同項各号」とあるのは「第二十条第一項において準用する第十九条第一項各号」と、「当該子を養育する」とあるのは「当該要介護家族を介護する」と読み替えるものとする。
• The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall apply mutatis mutandis to a national public officer who is subject to the Special Wage Act and is taking care of a Family Member in Care-requiring Condition. In this case, the term "Article 19 paragraph 1" in the same paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with "Article 19 paragraph 1 as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 20 paragraph 1"; the term "any of the items in the same paragraph" shall be deemed to be replaced with "any of the items of Article 19 paragraph 1 which apply mutatis mutandis to Article 20 paragraph 1"; and the term "taking care of said child" in the same paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with "taking care of said Family Member in Care-requiring condition."

• 第九項から第十一項までの規定は、日本郵政公社職員について準用する。この場合において、第九項中「給特法の適用を受ける国家公務員」とあるのは「日本郵政公社職員」と、「農林水産大臣等」とあるのは「日本郵政公社の総裁」と、第十一項中「農林水産大臣等」とあるのは「日本郵政公社の総裁」と、「国家公務員」とあるのは「日本郵政公社職員」と読み替えるものとする。
• The provisions of paragraphs 9 though 11 shall apply mutatis mutandis to an Employee of Japan Post. In this case, the term "a national public officer who is subject to the Special Wage Act" in paragraph 9 shall be deemed to be replaced with "an employee of Japan Post"; the term "the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, etc." shall be deemed to be replaced with "the president of Japan Post"; the term "the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, etc." in paragraph 11 shall be deemed to be replaced with "the president of Japan Post"; and the term "national public officer" in the same paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with "employee of Japan Post."

• 前項の規定は、要介護家族を介護する地方公務員法第四条第一項に規定する職員について準用する。この場合において、前項中「第十九条第一項」とあるのは「第二十条第一項において準用する第十九条第一項」と、「同項各号」とあるのは「第二十条第一項において準用する第十九条第一項各号」と、「当該子を養育する」とあるのは「当該要介護家族を介護する」と読み替えるものとする。
• The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall apply mutatis mutandis to an employee prescribed in Article 4 paragraph 1 of the Local Public Service Act who is taking care of a Family Member in Care-requiring Condition. In this case, the term "Article 19 paragraph 1" in the same paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with "Article 19 paragraph 1 as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 20 paragraph 1"; the term "any of the items in the same paragraph" shall be deemed to be replaced with "any of the items of Article 19 paragraph 1 which apply mutatis mutandis to Article 20 paragraph 1"; and the term "taking care of said child" in the same paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with "taking care of said Family Member in Care-requiring Condition."

• この法律（第二十一条第二項及び第四十二条第一項を除く。）において、「職員」とは、国家公務員法（昭和二十二年法律第百二十号）第二条第二項に規定する一般職に属する国家公務員（委員、顧問若しくは参与の職にある者又は人事院の指定するこれらに準ずる職にある者で常勤を要しないもの（同法第八十一条の五第一項に規定する短時間勤務の官職を占める者を除く。）を除く。）をいう。
• The term 'officials' as used in this Act (excluding paragraph 2 of Article 21 and paragraph 1 of Article 42) means national public officers belonging to the regular service as provided for in paragraph 2 of Article 2 of the National Public Service Act (Act No. 120 of 1947) (excluding national public officers who assume positions of committee members, advisors or counselors, or the positions designated by the National Personnel Authority as equivalent to those and do not require full-time service (excluding those who occupy part-time government positions as provided for in paragraph 1 of Article 81-5 of the same Act)).

• 農林水産大臣等は、小学校就学の始期に達するまでの子を養育する給特法の適用を受ける国家公務員であって第十九条第一項の規定を適用するとしたならば同項各号のいずれにも該当しないものが当該子を養育するために請求した場合において、公務の運営に支障がないと認めるときは、深夜（同項に規定する深夜をいう。以下この条において同じ。）において勤務しないことを承認しなければならない。
• The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, etc. shall, in cases where a national public officer subject to the Special Wage Act who is taking care of a child before the time of commencement of elementary school and does not fall under any of the items of Article 19 paragraph 1 when the provisions above apply to him or her, makes a request in order to take care of said child, approve the employee's not working at Late-night (Late-Night is prescribed under the same paragraph; the same shall apply hereinafter in this Article) as long as no impediment is found to the operation of public duties.

• 前項の規定は、給特法の適用を受ける国家公務員であって要介護家族を介護するものについて準用する。この場合において、同項中「第十七条第一項」とあるのは「第十八条第一項において準用する第十七条第一項」と、「同項各号」とあるのは「第十八条第一項において準用する第十七条第一項第一号又は第三号」と、「当該子を養育する」とあるのは「当該要介護家族を介護する」と読み替えるものとする。
• The provisions set forth in the preceding paragraph shall apply mutatis mutandis to a national public officer who is subject to the Special Wage Act and taking care of a Family Member in Care-requiring Condition. In this case, the term "Article 17 paragraph 1" in the same paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with "Article 17 paragraph 1, as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 18 paragraph 1"; the term "any of the items therein" in the same paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with "Article 17 paragraph 1 item (i) or (iii), as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 18 paragraph 1"; and the term "take care of said child" in the same paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with "take care of said Family Member in Care requiring Condition."

• 大統領が免職、死亡、辞任し、又はその権限及び義務を遂行する能力を失った場合は、その職務権限は副大統領に帰属する。連邦議会は、大統領及び副大統領が共に、免職、死亡、辞任し又は能力を喪失した場合について法律で規定し、その場合に大統領の職務を行うべき公務員を定めることができる。この公務員は、これにより、上記のような障害が除去されるか、又は大統領が選任されるまで、その職務を行う。
• In Case of the Removal of the President from Office, or of his Death, Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Powers and Duties of the said Office, the Same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by Law provide for the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what Officer shall then act as President, and such Officer shall act accordingly, until the Disability be removed, or a President shall be elected.

• 前項の規定は、地方公務員法第四条第一項に規定する職員であって要介護家族を介護するものについて準用する。この場合において、前項中「第十七条第一項」とあるのは「第十八条第一項において準用する第十七条第一項」と、「同項各号」とあるのは「第十八条第一項において準用する第十七条第一項第一号又は第三号」と、「当該子を養育する」とあるのは「当該要介護家族を介護する」と読み替えるものとする。
• The provisions of the preceding paragraph shall apply mutatis mutandis to an employee prescribed in Article 4 paragraph 1 of the Local Public Service Act who is taking care of a Family Member in Care-requiring Condition. In this case, the term "Article 17 paragraph 1" in the preceding paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with "Article 17 paragraph 1 as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 18 paragraph 1"; the term "any of the items in the same paragraph" shall be deemed to be replaced with "Article 17 paragraph 1 item (i) or (iii) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 18 paragraph 1"; and the term "take care of said child" in the same paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with "take care of said Family Member in Care-requiring Condition."

• 研究所の成立の際現に存する国家公務員法（昭和二十二年法律第百二十号） 第百八条の二第一項に規定する職員団体であって、その構成員の過半数が引継職員であるものは、研究所の成立の際国営企業及び特定独立行政法人の労働関係に 関する法律（昭和二十三年法律第二百五十七号）の適用を受ける労働組合となるものとする。この場合において、当該職員団体が法人であるときは、法人である 労働組合となるものとする。
• Any employee organization prescribed in Article 108-2, paragraph (1) of the National Public Service Act (Act No. 120 of 1947) that actually exists at the time of establishment of the Institute and of which the majority of its members are successional employees shall be deemed a labor union to which the Act on the Labor Relations of State Enterprises and Specified Incorporated Administrative Agencies, etc. (Act No. 257 of 1948) is applicable upon establishment of the Institute. In this case, if said employee organization is a juridical person, it shall be deemed a corporate labor union.

• 内閣は、第三条に掲げる倫理原則を踏まえ、職員の職務に係る倫理の保持を図るために必要な事項に関する政令（以下「国家公務員倫理規程」という。）を定めるものとする。この場合において、国家公務員倫理規程には、職員の職務に利害関係を有する者からの贈与等の禁止及び制限等職員の職務に利害関係を有する者との接触その他国民の疑惑や不信を招くような行為の防止に関し職員の遵守すべき事項が含まれていなければならない。
• The Cabinet shall provide for a Cabinet Order concerning necessary matters for the maintenance of ethics pertaining to the duties of officials, taking into account the ethical principles listed in Article 3 (hereinafter referred to as the 'National Public Service Ethics Code'). In this case, the National Public Service Ethics Code shall include the matters which the officials should observe concerning the prevention of acts that may bring about suspicion and distrust from the citizens such as contacting with those who have interests with the duties of the officials such as the prohibitions and restrictions of receiving gifts, etc. from those who have interests in the duties of the officials.

• 任命権者は、定年に達した職員が前条第一項の規定により退職すべきこととなる場合において、その職員の職務の特殊性又はその職員の職務の遂行上の特別の事情からみてその退職により公務の運営に著しい支障が生ずると認められる十分な理由があるときは、同項の規定にかかわらず、その職員に係る定年退職日の翌日から起算して一年を超えない範囲内で期限を定め、その職員を当該職務に従事させるため引き続いて勤務させることができる。
• If an official who has reached the mandatory retirement age is about to retire pursuant to the provision of paragraph 1 of the preceding Article, an appointer may keep him/her in his/her present position, notwithstanding the provision of the same paragraph, setting a term within the limit of not more than one year from the day of his/her mandatory retirement day, in order to let him/her continue to perform his/her duties, when there are sufficient reasons for concluding that his/her retirement may cause extreme difficulties in administering public duties in view of the particularities of his/her duties or special circumstances of the performance of his/her duties.

• 過去に連邦議会の議員、合衆国の公務員、州議会の議員、又は州の行政官若しくは司法官として合衆国憲法の擁護を宣誓した後に、合衆国に対する暴動若しくは反乱に参与し、又は合衆国の敵に援助若しくは便宜を与えた者は、何人も連邦議会の議員、大統領及び副大統領の選挙人となり、又は合衆国若しくは各州の下において文武の官職に就くことはできない。しかし、連邦議会はそれぞれの議院の3分の2の表決によってこの欠格を解除することができる。
• No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.

• 大統領は、連邦議会に対し、随時連邦の状況に関する情報を提供し、また自ら必要かつ適切と考える施策について議会に審議を勧告する。大統領は、非常の場合には、両議院又はその一院を招集することができる。また閉会の時期に関して両議院の間に意見の一致を欠く場合には、自ら適当と考える時期まで休会させることができる。大統領は、大使その他の外交使節を接受する。大統領は、法律が忠実に施行されるよう配慮し、また合衆国のすべての公務員を任命する。
• He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information on the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of Disagreement between them, with Respect to the Time of Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such Time as he shall think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers; he shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed, and shall Commission all the Officers of the United States.

• 第百九十一条の規定は公務員又は公務員であった者に鑑定人として職務上の秘密について意見を述べさせる場合について、第百九十七条から第百九十九条までの規定は鑑定人が鑑定を拒む場合について、第二百一条第一項の規定は鑑定人に宣誓をさせる場合について、第百九十二条及び第百九十三条の規定は鑑定人が正当な理由なく出頭しない場合、鑑定人が宣誓を拒む場合及び鑑定拒絶を理由がないとする裁判が確定した後に鑑定人が正当な理由なく鑑定を拒む場合について準用する。
• The provision of Article 191 shall apply mutatis mutandis where the court has a public officer or person who was a public officer state his/her opinions as an expert witness with regard to any secrets in relation to his/her duties, the provisions of Article 197 to Article 199 shall apply mutatis mutandis where an expert witness refuses to give expert testimony, the provision of Article 201(1) shall apply mutatis mutandis where the court has an expert witness swear under oath, and the provisions Article 192 and Article 193 shall apply mutatis mutandis where an expert witness does not appear without justifiable grounds, where an expert witness refuses to swear under oath, and where an expert witness, after a judicial decision finding that his/her refusal to give expert testimony is groundless has become final and binding, still refuses to give expert testimony without justifiable grounds.

• 第七条の規定の適用については、従前の計理士法（昭和二年法律第三十一号）の規定により業務の禁止の処分を受けた者は、懲戒の処分により公認会計士の登録を抹消された者とみなし、従前の税務代理士法（昭和十七年法律第四十六号）の規定により税務代理士の許可を取り消された者は、懲戒の処分により税理士の登録を取り消されたものとみなし、官吏懲戒令（明治三十二年勅令第六十三号）により免官の処分を受けた者は、公務員であつて懲戒の処分により免職された者とみなす。
• In the application of Article 7, a person who has been prohibited from practicing pursuant to the prior Accountant Law (Keirishi-ho, Act No.31 of 1927) shall be deemed to have had his/her registration as a certified public accountant revoked from the register of certified public accountants as a result of such disciplinary action, a person whose license was revoked pursuant to the prior Tax Accountants Law (Zeimu-dairishi-ho, Act No.46 of 1942) shall be deemed to have had his/her registration as a tax accountant revoked as a result of such disciplinary action, and a person who has been dismissed from his/her office as a government official under the order of the disciplinary action for public officials (Imperial Ordinance No. 63 of 1899) shall be deemed to have been discharged from his/her office as a public officer as a result of such disciplinary action.

• 使用者、法人、国又は地方公共団体（以下「使用者等」という。）は、 従業者、法人の役員、国家公務員又は地方公務員（以下「従業者等」という。）がその性質上当該使用者等の業務範囲に属し、かつ、その発明をするに至つた行 為がその使用者等における従業者等の現在又は過去の職務に属する発明（以下「職務発明」という。）について特許を受けたとき、又は職務発明について特許を 受ける権利を承継した者がその発明について特許を受けたときは、その特許権について通常実施権を有する。
• An employer, a juridical person or a national or local government (hereinafter referred to as 'employer, etc.'), where an employee, an officer of the juridical person, or a national or local government employee (hereinafter referred to as 'employee, etc.') has obtained a patent for an invention which, by the nature of the said invention, falls within the scope of the business of the said employer, etc. and was achieved by an act(s) categorized as a present or past duty of the said employee, etc. performed for the employer, etc. (hereinafter referred to as 'employee invention') or where a successor to the right to obtain a patent for the employee invention has obtained a patent therefor, shall have a non-exclusive license on the said patent right.

• 前三項の規定は、特定独立行政法人職員について準用する。この場合において、第九項中「給特法の適用を受ける国家公務員」とあるのは「特定独立行政法人職員」と、「農林水産大臣等」とあるのは「当該特定独立行政法人職員の勤務する独立行政法人通則法第二条第二項に規定する特定独立行政法人の長」と、前項中「農林水産大臣等」とあるのは「独立行政法人通則法第二条第二項に規定する特定独立行政法人の長」と、「国家公務員」とあるのは「特定独立行政法人職員」と読み替えるものとする。
• The provisions of the preceding three paragraphs shall apply mutatis mutandis to an employee of a Specified Incorporated Administrative Agency. In this cases, the term "a national public officers who is subject to the Special Wage Act" in paragraph 9 shall be deemed to be replaced with "an employee of a Specified Incorporated Administrative Agency"; the term "the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, etc." in the same paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with "the head of a Specified Incorporated Administrative Agency prescribed in Article 2 paragraph 2 of the Act on the General Rules for Incorporated Administrative Agency, for which said employee works"; the term "the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, etc." in the preceding paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with "the head of a Specified Incorporated Administrative Agency as set forth in Article 2 paragraph 2 of the Act on the General Rules for Incorporated Administrative Agency"; and the term "national public officer" in the same paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with "an employee of a Specified Incorporated Administrative Agency."

• 第二章第一節及び第三節、前章、第二十九条並びに第三十条の規定は、国家公務員及び地方公務員に、第二章第二節の規定は、一般職の国家公務員（特定独立行政法人等の労働関係に関する法律（昭和二十三年法律第二百五十七号）第二条第四号の職員を除く。）、裁判所職員臨時措置法（昭和二十六年法律第二百九十九号）の適用を受ける裁判所職員、国会職員法（昭和二十二年法律第八十五号）の適用を受ける国会職員及び自衛隊法（昭和二十九年法律第百六十五号）第二条第五項に規定する隊員に関しては適用しない。
• The provisions of Chapter II, Sections I and III, the preceding Chapter, Articles 29 and 30 shall not apply to members of the national and local public. The provisions of Chapter II, Section II shall not apply to national officer in the regular government service (except personnel referred to in Article 2, item 4 of the Public Corporation and National Enterprise Labor Relations Act (Act No. 257 of 1948), court officer who are subject to the Act on Temporary Measures concerning Court Officer (Act No. 299 of 1951), Diet officer who are subject to the National Diet Officer Act (Act No. 85 of 1947), and members prescribed in Article 2, paragraph 5 of the Self Defense Forces Act (Act No. 165 of 1954).

• 大統領は、上院の助言と同意を得て、条約を締結する権限を有する。ただし、この場合には、上院の出席議員の3分の2の賛同が必要である。また大統領は、大使、その他の外交使節及び領事、最高裁判所判事、並びに本憲法にその任命に関する特別の規定がなく、また法律によって設置される他のすべての合衆国公務員を指名し、上院の助言と同意を得て、これを任命する。ただし、連邦議会は、その適当と認める下級公務員の任命権を、法律によって、大統領のみに、司法裁判所に、又は各省の長官に与えることができる。
• He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments.

• 地方公務員法第六条第一項に規定する任命権者又はその委任を受けた者（地方教育行政の組織及び運営に関する法律第三十七条第一項に規定する県費負担教職員については、市町村の教育委員会）は、小学校就学の始期に達するまでの子を養育する地方公務員法第四条第一項に規定する職員であって第十九条第一項の規定を適用するとしたならば同項各号のいずれにも該当しないものが当該子を養育するために請求した場合において、公務の運営に支障がないと認めるときは、深夜において勤務しないことを承認しなければならない。
• An appointer or a person to whom the appointer delegates the authority prescribed in Article 6 paragraph 1 of the Local Public Service Act (or the municipal board of education with regard to the educational personnel whose wages are paid by a prefectural government prescribed in Article 37 paragraph 1 of the Act on the Organization and Operation of Local Educational Administration) shall, in cases where an employee prescribed in Article 4 paragraph 1 of the Local Public Service Act who is taking care of a child before the time of commencement of elementary school and does not fall under any of the items of Article 19 paragraph 1 when the provisions above apply to him or her, makes a request in order to take care of said child, approve the employee's not working at Late-Night as long as no impediment is found to the operation of public duties.

• 研究所は、施行日の前日に 従前の研究所の職員として在職し、附則第二条の規定により引き続いて研究所の職員となった者のうち施行日から雇用保険法（昭和四十九年法律第百十六号）に よる失業等給付の受給資格を取得するまでの間に研究所を退職したものであって、その退職した日まで従前の研究所の職員として在職したものとしたならば国家 公務員退職手当法第十条の規定による退職手当の支給を受けることができるものに対しては、同条の規定の例により算定した退職手当の額に相当する額を退職手 当として支給するものとする。
• From among the persons who held positions as employees of the existing Institute on the day before the enforcement date, and who continued on to become employees of the Institute pursuant to the provisions of Article 2 of the supplementary provisions, any person who retired from the Institute between the enforcement date and when he/she became qualified to receive unemployment, etc. benefits pursuant to the Employment Insurance Act (Act No. 116 of 1974) and who may receive a retirement allowance pursuant to the provisions of Article 10 of the National Government Employees, etc. Retirement Allowance Act if he/she held a position as an employee of the existing Institute up until the day of his/her retirement, the Institute shall pay an amount equivalent to the retirement allowance calculated based on the example in the provisions of said Article to said person as a retirement allowance.

• 当該個人が公務員等（国家公務員法（昭和二十二年法律第百二十号）第二条第一項に規定する国家公務員（独立行政法人通則法（平成十一年法律第百三号）第二条第二項に規定する特定独立行政法人及び日本郵政公社の役員及び職員を除く。）、独立行政法人等の役員及び職員、地方公務員法（昭和二十五年法律第二百六十一号）第二条に規定する地方公務員並びに地方独立行政法人の役員及び職員をいう。）である場合において、当該情報がその職務の遂行に係る情報であるときは、当該情報のうち、当該公務員等の職及び当該職務遂行の内容に係る部分
• In the case that the said individual is a Public Officer, etc. (national public officers prescribed in Article 2, paragraph 1 of the National Public Officer Act [Act No. 120 of 1947] [excluding officers and employees of the specified incorporated administrative agencies prescribed in Article 2, paragraph 2 of the Act on General Rules for Incorporated Administrative Agency (Act No. 103 of 1999) and of the Japan Post], officers and employees of Incorporated Administrative Agencies, etc., local public officers prescribed in Article 2 of the Local Public Officer Act [Act No. 261 of 1950], and officers and employees of Local Incorporated Administrative Agencies) and when the said information is one pertaining to the performance of his or her duties, the portion of the said information pertaining to the job of the said Public Officer, etc. and the substance of the said performance of duties

• 内閣は、第三条に掲げる倫理原則を踏まえ、自衛隊員の職務に係る倫理の保持を図るために必要な事項に関する政令（以下「自衛隊員倫理規程」という。）を、国家公務員倫理法（平成十一年法律第百二十九号）第五条第一項に規定する国家公務員倫理規程に準じて定めるものとする。この場合において、自衛隊員倫理規程には、自衛隊員の職務に利害関係を有する者からの贈与等の禁止及び制限等自衛隊員の職務に利害関係を有する者との接触その他国民の疑惑や不信を招くような行為の防止に関し自衛隊員の遵守すべき事項が含まれていなければならない。
• The Cabinet shall provide for a Cabinet Order concerning necessary matters for the maintenance of ethics pertaining to their duties of self-defense forces personnel, taking into account the ethical principles listed in Article 3 (hereinafter referred to as the "Self-Defense Forces Personnel Ethics Code") equivalent the National Public Service Ethics Code provided for in paragraph (1) of Article 5 of the National Public Service Ethics Act (Act No. 129 of 1999). In this case, the Self-Defense Forces Personnel Ethics Code shall include the matters which the self-defense forces personnel should observe concerning the prevention of acts that may bring about suspicion and distrust from the citizens such as contacting with those who have interests with the duties of the self-defense forces personnel such as the prohibitions and restrictions of receiving gifts, etc. from those who have interests in the duties of the self-defense forces personnel.

• 施行日の前日に従前の研究 所の職員として在職する者が、附則第二条の規定により引き続いて研究所の職員となり、かつ、引き続き研究所の職員として在職した後引き続いて国家公務員退 職手当法第二条第一項に規定する職員となった場合におけるその者の同法に基づいて支給する退職手当の算定の基礎となる勤続期間の計算については、その者の 研究所の職員としての在職期間を同項に規定する職員としての引き続いた在職期間とみなす。ただし、その者が研究所を退職したことにより退職手当（これに相 当する給付を含む。）の支給を受けているときは、この限りでない。
• Any person who holds a position as an employee of the existing Institute on the day before the enforcement date shall continue on and become an employee of the Institute pursuant to the provisions of Article 2 of the supplementary provisions, and in the case that said person continues on to become an employee pursuant to the provisions of Article 2, paragraph (1) of the National Government Employees, etc. Retirement Allowance Act after his/her tenure as an employee of the Institute, for the calculation of the term of his/her services that serves as the basis for calculating the retirement allowance to be received pursuant to said Act, his/her tenure as an employee of the Institute shall be deemed to be his/her ongoing tenure as an employee prescribed in said paragraph; provided, however, that this shall not apply when said person has received a retirement allowance (including benefits equivalent to this retirement allowance) as a result of retiring from the Institute.

• この法律は、国家公務員及び地方公務員については、適用しない。ただし、特定独立行政法人等の労働関係に関する法律第二条第四号の職員、地方公営企業法（昭和二十七年法律第二百九十二号）第十五条第一項の企業職員、地方独立行政法人法（平成十五年法律第百十八号）第四十七条の職員及び地方公務員法（昭和二十五年法律第二百六十一号）第五十七条に規定する単純な労務に雇用される一般職に属する地方公務員であって地方公営企業等の労働関係に関する法律（昭和二十七年法律第二百八十九号）第三条第四号の職員以外のものの勤務条件に関する事項についての紛争については、この限りでない。
• This Act shall not apply with respect to national public officers or local public officers; provided, however, that this shall apply with respect to disputes concerning the working conditions of employees prescribed in Article 2, item 4 of the Act on the Labor Relationships of Specified Incorporated Administrative Agencies, etc.; enterprise employees prescribed in Article 15, paragraph 1 of the Local Public Enterprise Act (Act No. 292 of 1952); employees prescribed in Article 47 of Local Incorporated Administrative Agency Act (Act No.118 of 2003) and local public officers who belong to the regular service hired to perform simple tasks as prescribed in Article 57 of the Local Public Officers Act (Act No. 261 of 1950) and who are not employees prescribed in Article 3, paragraph 2 of the Local Public Enterprise Labor Relationships Act (Act No. 289 of 1952).

• 農林水産大臣等は、給特法の適用を受ける国家公務員について労働基準法第三十六条第一項本文の規定により同項に規定する労働時間を延長することができる場合において、当該給特法の適用を受ける国家公務員であって小学校就学の始期に達するまでの子を養育するもの（第十七条第一項の規定を適用するとしたならば同項各号のいずれにも該当しないものに限る。）が当該子を養育するために請求した場合で公務の運営に支障がないと認めるときは、その者について、制限時間（同項に規定する制限時間をいう。以下この条において同じ。）を超えて当該労働時間を延長して勤務しないことを承認しなければならない。
• The Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, etc. shall, in cases where a national public officer subject to the Special Wage Act may extend Working Hours prescribed in Article 36 paragraph 1 of the Labor Standards Act pursuant to the main clause of the same paragraph when a national public officer who is taking care of a child before the time of commencement of elementary school (when the provisions of Article 17 paragraph 1 apply, said officer shall be limited to a person who does not fall under any of the items therein) makes a request in order to take care of said child, the Minister, etc., approve not extending said officer's working hours beyond a limit (which refers to a limit on overtime work prescribed in the same Article; the same shall apply in this Article) as long as no impediment is found to the operation of public duties.

• 行政庁が法律の規定に基づく試験、検査、検定、登録その他の行政上の事務について当該法律に基づきその全部又は一部を行わせる者を指定した場合において、その指定を受けた者（その者が法人である場合にあっては、その役員）又は職員その他の者が当該事務に従事することに関し公務に従事する職員とみなされるときは、その指定を受けた者に対し当該法律に基づいて当該事務に関し監督上される処分（当該指定を取り消す処分、その指定を受けた者が法人である場合におけるその役員の解任を命ずる処分又はその指定を受けた者の当該事務に従事する者の解任を命ずる処分を除く。）については、次章及び第三章の規定は、適用しない。
• When administrative agencies designate, pursuant to the provisions of Acts, all or some part of the performance of examinations, inspections, certifications, registrations, or other affairs of administration, to specific persons charged with the performance of those affairs, and when those designated persons (or, in the case of juridical persons, their officers), their employees or others, as concerns their involvement in those affairs, are deemed to be engaged in public duties, then the provisions of Chapters II and III shall not apply to Dispositions (excluding however, Dispositions rescinding the designation, Dispositions ordering the dismissal of officers of designated juridical persons, or otherwise with regards to the designated persons, Dispositions ordering the dismissal of the individuals engaged in the concerned affairs) rendered to those designated persons for the purpose of supervising the assigned matters pursuant to the said Acts.

• 裁判所は、公務員の職務上の秘密に関する文書について第二百二十条第四号に掲げる場合であることを文書の提出義務の原因とする文書提出命令の申立てがあった場合には、その申立てに理由がないことが明らかなときを除き、当該文書が同号ロに掲げる文書に該当するかどうかについて、当該監督官庁（衆議院又は参議院の議員の職務上の秘密に関する文書についてはその院、内閣総理大臣その他の国務大臣の職務上の秘密に関する文書については内閣。以下この条において同じ。）の意見を聴かなければならない。この場合において、当該監督官庁は、当該文書が同号ロに掲げる文書に該当する旨の意見を述べるときは、その理由を示さなければならない。
• Where a petition for an order to submit a document is filed, with regard to a document concerning a secret in relation to a public officer's duties, on the grounds that the document falls under any of the categories set forth in Article 220(iv), the court, except where it is obvious that the petition is groundless, shall hear opinions of the supervisory government agency concerned (in the case of a member of the House of Representatives or House of Councillors or a person who held such post, the respective House; in the case of the Prime Minister or any other Minister of State or a person who held such post, the Cabinet) as to whether or not the document in question falls under the category of document set forth in Article 220(iv)(b). In this case, the supervisory government agency, when stating an opinion that the document falls under the category of document set forth in Article 220(iv)(b), shall specify reasons therefor.

• 従業者、法人の業務を執行する役員又は国若しくは地方公共団体の公務員 （以下「従業者等」という。）が育成をした品種については、その育成がその性質上使用者、法人又は国若しくは地方公共団体（以下「使用者等」という。）の 業務の範囲に属し、かつ、その育成をするに至った行為が従業者等の職務に属する品種（以下「職務育成品種」という。）である場合を除き、あらかじめ使用者 等が品種登録出願をすること、従業者等がした品種登録出願の出願者の名義を使用者等に変更すること又は従業者等が品種登録を受けた場合には使用者等に育成 者権を承継させ若しくは使用者等のため専用利用権を設定することを定めた契約、勤務規則その他の定めの条項は、無効とする。
• With respect to a variety bred by an employee, an executive officer of a juridical person, or a national or local governmental officer (hereinafter referred to as 'employee etc.'), any contractual provision, service regulation or any other stipulation providing in advance that the employer, juridical person, or national or local government (hereinafter referred to as 'employer etc.') shall file an application for variety registration, or have the title of applicant transferred, or have, if the employee etc. obtain a variety registration, the breeder's right transferred or an exclusive exploitation right granted shall be null and void. However, this shall not apply where the breeding of the variety, by its nature, falls within the scope of the business of the employer etc. and, moreover, the acts which have lead to the said breeding fall within the duties of the employee etc. (hereinafter referred to as 'employee-bred variety as part of his/her duties').

• 第九項から第十一項までの規定は、地方公務員法第四条第一項に規定する職員について準用する。この場合において、第九項中「給特法の適用を受ける国家公務員」とあるのは「地方公務員法第四条第一項に規定する職員」と、「農林水産大臣等」とあるのは「同法第六条第一項に規定する任命権者又はその委任を受けた者（地方教育行政の組織及び運営に関する法律（昭和三十一年法律第百六十二号）第三十七条第一項に規定する県費負担教職員については、市町村の教育委員会。以下同じ。）」と、第十一項中「農林水産大臣等」とあるのは「地方公務員法第六条第一項に規定する任命権者又はその委任を受けた者」と、「国家公務員」とあるのは「同法第四条第一項に規定する職員」と読み替えるものとする。
• The provisions of paragraphs 9 through 11 shall apply mutatis mutandis to employees prescribed in Article 4 paragraph 1 of the Local Public Service Act. In this case, the term "a national public officer who is subject to the Special Wage Act" in paragraph 9 shall be deemed to be replaced with "an employee prescribed in Article 4 paragraph 1 of the Local Public Service Act"; the term "the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, etc." in the same paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with "an appointer or a person to whom the appointer delegates the authority prescribed in Article 6 paragraph 1 of the Local Public Service Act (or the municipal board of education with regard to the educational personnel whose wages are paid by a prefectural government prescribed in Article 37 paragraph 1 of the Act on the Organization and Operation of Local Educational Administration (Act No. 162 of 1956); the same shall apply hereinafter)"; the term "the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, etc." in paragraph 11 shall be deemed to be replaced with "an appointer or a person to whom the appointer delegates the authority prescribed in Article 6 paragraph 1 of the Local Public Service Act"; and the term "national public officer" in the same paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with "employee prescribed in Article 4 paragraph 1 of the same Act."

• 法律により直接に設立された法人又は特別の法律により特別の設立行為をもって設立された法人（総務省設置法（平成十一年法律第九十一号）第四条第十五号の規定の適用を受けない法人を除く。）、独立行政法人通則法第二条第一項に規定する独立行政法人であって特定独立行政法人以外のものその他これらに準ずるものとして政令で定める法人のうち、その設立の根拠となる法律又は法人格を付与する法律において、役員、職員その他の当該法人の業務に従事する者を法令により公務に従事する者とみなすこととされ、かつ、政府の出資を受けているもの（以下「特殊法人等」という。）は、この法律の規定に基づく国及び特定独立行政法人の施策に準じて、特殊法人等の職員の職務に係る倫理の保持のために必要な施策を講ずるようにしなければならない。
• Among juridical persons which are directly established by laws and juridical persons which are established by a special establishing act pursuant to special laws (excluding those to which the provision of item 15 of Article 4 of the Act for Establishment of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (Act No. 91 of 1999) is not applied), incorporated administrative agencies which are provided for in paragraph 1 of Article 2 of the Act on General Rules for Incorporated Administrative Agency and are not specified incorporated administrative agencies, and other juridical persons which are provided for by a Cabinet Order as equivalent to these, juridical persons in which directors, employees, and other persons being engaged in the business of the judicial persons shall be deemed to be engaged in public services by laws and regulations in an Act that gives ground for establishment of the juridical persons or an Act that grants a juridical personality and which are funded by the government (hereinafter referred to as 'special corporations, etc.') shall take measures necessary to maintain ethics pertaining to the duties of employees of the special corporations, etc., equivalent to the measures taken by the State and the specified incorporated administrative agencies pursuant to this Act.

• 地方公務員法第六条第一項に規定する任命権者又はその委任を受けた者（地方教育行政の組織及び運営に関する法律（昭和三十一年法律第百六十二号）第三十七条第一項に規定する県費負担教職員については、市町村の教育委員会）は、地方公務員法第四条第一項に規定する職員について労働基準法第三十六条第一項本文の規定により同項に規定する労働時間を延長することができる場合において、当該地方公務員法第四条第一項に規定する職員であって小学校就学の始期に達するまでの子を養育するもの（第十七条第一項の規定を適用するとしたならば同項各号のいずれにも該当しないものに限る。）が当該子を養育するために請求した場合で公務の運営に支障がないと認めるときは、その者について、制限時間を超えて当該労働時間を延長して勤務しないことを承認しなければならない。
• An appointer or a person to whom the appointer delegates the authority prescribed in Article 6 paragraph 1 of the Local Public Service Act (or the municipal board of education with regard to the educational personnel whose wages are paid by a prefectural government prescribed in Article 37 paragraph 1 of the Act on the Organization and Operation of Local Educational Administration (Act No. 162 of 1956)) shall, in cases where an employee prescribed in Article 4 paragraph 1 of the Local Public Service Act may extend Working Hours prescribed in Article 36 paragraph 1 of the Labor Standards Act pursuant to the main clause of the same paragraph when an employee prescribed in Article 4 paragraph 1 of said Local Public Service Act who is taking care of a child before the time of commencement of elementary school (when the provisions of Article 17 paragraph 1 apply, said employee shall be limited to a person who does not fall under any of the items therein) makes a request in order to take care of said child, approve not extending said employee's working hours beyond a limit as long as no impediment is found to the operation of public duties.

• 旅行が本邦（国家公務員等の旅費に関する法律（昭和二十五年法律第百十四号）第二条第一項第四号に規定する本邦をいう。以下同じ。）と外国（本邦以外の領域（公海を含む。）をいう。以下同じ。）との間のものを含まない場合においては、当事者等の普通裁判籍の所在地を管轄する簡易裁判所の主たる庁舎の所在する場所と出頭した場所を管轄する簡易裁判所の主たる庁舎の所在する場所との間の距離を基準として、その距離を旅行するときに通常要する交通費の額として最高裁判所が定める額（これらの場所が同一となるときは、最高裁判所が定める額）。ただし、旅行が通常の経路及び方法によるものであること並びに現に支払つた交通費の額が当該最高裁判所が定める額を超えることを明らかにする領収書、乗車券、航空機の搭乗券の控え等の文書が提出されたときは、現に支払つた交通費の額
• In cases where the travel does not include any travel between Japan (meaning Japan as prescribed in Article 2, paragraph (1), item (iv) of the Act on Travel Expenses of National Public Servants (Act No. 114 of 1950); the same shall apply hereinafter) and a foreign state (meaning territories other than the territory of Japan (including international waters); the same shall apply hereinafter), the amount specified by the Supreme Court as the amount of transportation expenses normally required to travel the distance between the place where the principal building of the summary court that has jurisdiction over the location of the general venue of the party, etc. is located and the place where the principal building of the summary court that has jurisdiction over the place where the party, etc. appears, on the basis of such distance (if these places are the same, the amount specified by the Supreme Court); provided, however, that the amount of transportation expenses actually paid shall apply when the party, etc. submits documents such as receipts, train tickets, airline boarding pass stubs, and the like, which clearly indicate that the travel used an ordinary route and means and that the amount actually paid exceeds the amount specified by the Supreme Court;

• 国有林野事業を行う国の経営する企業に勤務する職員の給与等に関する特例法（昭和二十九年法律第百四十一号。以下この条において「給特法」という。）の適用を受ける国家公務員（国家公務員法（昭和二十二年法律第百二十号）第八十一条の五第一項に規定する短時間勤務の官職を占める者以外の常時勤務することを要しない国家公務員を除く。以下この条において同じ。）は、給特法第四条に規定する農林水産大臣又は政令の定めるところによりその委任を受けた者（以下「農林水産大臣等」という。）の承認を受けて、当該国家公務員の配偶者、父母、子又は配偶者の父母であって負傷、疾病又は身体上若しくは精神上の障害により第二条第三号の厚生労働省令で定める期間にわたり日常生活を営むのに支障があるもの（以下この条において「要介護家族」という。）の介護をするため、休業をすることができる。
• A national public officer who is subject to the Special Act on Wages, etc. of Personnel Working in National Enterprises Managing National Forest (Act No. 141 of 1954; referred to as "Special Wage Act" hereinafter in this Article) (excluding a national public officer who is not required to work full-time or does not hold an official post with part-time working hours prescribed in Article 81-5 paragraph 1 of the National Public Service Act (Act No. 120 of 1947), the same shall apply in this Article) may, upon obtaining an approval of the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries or a person to whom the Minister, pursuant to the provisions of a Cabinet Order, delegates the authority prescribed in Article 4 of the Special Wage Act (hereinafter referred to as "the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, etc."), take leave in order to take care of a person who is a spouse, a parent, a child, or a parent of a spouse of said national public officer and who, due to injury, sickness, or physical or mental disability, has difficulty in leading his/her daily life for a period specified by Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare provided for in Article 2 item (iii) (referred to as a "Family Member in Care-requiring Condition" hereinafter in this Article).

• 当該個人が公務員等（国家公務員法（昭和二十二年法律第百二十号）第二条第一項に規定する国家公務員（独立行政法人通則法（平成十一年法律第百三号）第二条第二項に規定する特定独立行政法人及び日本郵政公社の役員及び職員を除く。）、独立行政法人等（独立行政法人等の保有する情報の公開に関する法律（平成十三年法律第百四十号。以下「独立行政法人等情報公開法」という。）第二条第一項に規定する独立行政法人等をいう。以下同じ。）の役員及び職員、地方公務員法（昭和二十五年法律第二百六十一号）第二条に規定する地方公務員並びに地方独立行政法人（地方独立行政法人法（平成十五年法律第百十八号）第二条第一項に規定する地方独立行政法人をいう。以下同じ。）の役員及び職員をいう。）である場合において、当該情報がその職務の遂行に係る情報であるときは、当該情報のうち、当該公務員等の職及び当該職務遂行の内容に係る部分
• In the case that the said individual is a Public Officer, etc. (national public officers prescribed in Article 2, paragraph 1 of the National Public Officer Act [Act No. 120 of 1947] [excluding officers and employees of the specified incorporated administrative agencies prescribed in Article 2, paragraph 2 of the Act on General Rules for Incorporated Administrative Agency (Act No. 103 of 1999) and of the Japan Post]; officers and employees of the Incorporated Administrative Agencies, etc. (meaning the incorporated administrative agencies, etc. prescribed in Article 2, paragraph 1 of the Act on Access to Information Held by Incorporated Administrative Agencies (Act No. 140 of 2001. Hereinafter referred to as 'Incorporated Administrative Agency, etc. Information Disclosure Act'); local public officers prescribed in Article 2 of the Local Public Officer Act (Act No. 261 of 1950).); and officers and employees of the Local Incorporated Administrative Agencies [which means local incorporated administrative agencies prescribed in Article 2, paragraph 1 of the Act on Local Incorporated Administrative Agencies(Act No. 118 of 2003).The same shall apply hereinafter.]), and when the said information is one pertaining to the performance of his or her duties, the portion of the said information pertaining to the job of the said Public Officer, etc. and the substance of the said performance of duties.

• 本省課長補佐級以上の職員は、事業者等から、金銭、物品その他の財産上の利益の供与若しくは供応接待（以下「贈与等」という。）を受けたとき又は事業者等と職員の職務との関係に基づいて提供する人的役務に対する報酬として国家公務員倫理規程で定める報酬の支払を受けたとき（当該贈与等を受けた時又は当該報酬の支払を受けた時において本省課長補佐級以上の職員であった場合に限り、かつ、当該贈与等により受けた利益又は当該支払を受けた報酬の価額が一件につき五千円を超える場合に限る。）は、一月から三月まで、四月から六月まで、七月から九月まで及び十月から十二月までの各区分による期間（以下「四半期」という。）ごとに、次に掲げる事項を記載した贈与等報告書を、当該四半期の翌四半期の初日から十四日以内に、各省各庁の長等（各省各庁の長及び特定独立行政法人の長をいう。以下同じ。）又はその委任を受けた者に提出しなければならない。
• When officials at the rank of assistant director or higher at the headquarters receive a give of money, article, or other property benefits, or an entertainment or a treat (hereinafter referred to as 'gifts, etc.') from business operators, etc., or when they receive the payment of a reward provided for in the National Public Service Ethics Code as the reward for a personal service offered, based on a relationship between the business operators, etc. and the duties of officials (limited to cases where they were officials at the rank of assistant director or higher at the headquarters when they received the gifts, etc. or the payment of the reward, and limited to cases where a profit received through the gifts, etc. or a value of the reward received in payment exceeds 5,000 yen per case), the officials shall submit a report of gifts, etc., describing the following items to the heads of each ministry and agency, etc. (this refers to the heads of each ministry and agency and the heads of the specified incorporated administrative agencies; the same shall apply hereinafter) or to a person who is delegated by them within 14 days from the first day of the quarter following the current quarter, with quarters being divided as January through March, April through June, July through September and October through December (hereinafter referred to as 'quarter').

• 第三項から第五項までの規定は、地方公務員法（昭和二十五年法律第二百六十一号）第四条第一項に規定する職員（同法第二十八条の五第一項に規定する短時間勤務の職を占める職員以外の非常勤職員を除く。以下この条において同じ。）がその要介護家族の介護をするための休業について準用する。この場合において、第三項中「給特法第四条に規定する農林水産大臣又は政令の定めるところによりその委任を受けた者（以下「農林水産大臣等」という。）」とあるのは「地方公務員法（昭和二十五年法律第二百六十一号）第六条第一項に規定する任命権者又はその委任を受けた者（地方教育行政の組織及び運営に関する法律（昭和三十一年法律第百六十二号）第三十七条第一項に規定する県費負担教職員については、市町村の教育委員会。以下同じ。）」と、第五項中「農林水産大臣等」とあるのは「地方公務員法第六条第一項に規定する任命権者又はその委任を受けた者」と読み替えるものとする。
• The provisions of paragraphs 3 through 5 above shall apply mutatis mutandis to leave taken by an employee prescribed in Article 4 paragraph 1 of the Local Public Service Act (Act No. 261 of 1950) (excluding part-time personnel who do not hold an official post with short working hours prescribed in Article 28-5 paragraph 1 of the same Act, the same shall apply hereinafter in this Article), for the purpose of taking care of his/her Family Member in Care-requiring Condition. In this case, the term "the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries or a person to whom the Minister, pursuant to the provisions of a Cabinet Order, delegates the authority prescribed in Article 4 of the Special Wage Act (hereinafter referred to as "the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, etc.")" in paragraph 3 shall be deemed to be replaced with "an appointer or a person to whom the appointer delegates the authority prescribed in Article 6 paragraph 1 of the Local Public Service Act (Act No. 261 of 1950) (or the municipal board of education with regard to the educational personnel whose wages are paid by a prefectural government prescribed in Article 37 paragraph 1 of the Act on the Organization and Operation of Local Educational Administration (Act No. 162 of 1956), the same shall apply hereinafter)"; and the term "the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, etc." in paragraph 5 shall be deemed to be replaced with "an appointer or a person to whom the appointer delegates the authority prescribed in Article 6 paragraph 1 of the Local Public Service Act."

• 第四章の規定の適用を受ける特定独立行政法人等の労働関係に関する法律（昭和二十三年法律第二百五十七号）第二条第四号の職員に対する同法第三十七条第一項第一号の規定の適用については、同号中「第三条第二項から第四項まで、第三条の二」とあるのは「第三条第二項から第四項まで（職務に係る倫理の保持に関する事務を除く。）」と、「第十七条、第十七条の二」とあるのは「第十七条（職員の職務に係る倫理の保持に関して行われるものを除く。）」と、「第八十四条第二項、第八十四条の二」とあるのは「第八十四条第二項（国家公務員倫理法（平成十一年法律第百二十九号）又はこれに基づく命令（同法第五条第三項の規定に基づく訓令及び同条第四項の規定に基づく規則を含む。）に違反する行為に関して行われるものを除く。）」と、「第百条第四項」とあるのは「第百条第四項（第十七条の二の規定により権限の委任を受けた国家公務員倫理審査会が行う調査に係るものを除く。）」とする。
• In the application of the provision of item 1 of paragraph 1 of Article 37 of the Act on Labor Relationship of Specified Incorporated Administrative Agency, etc. (Act No. 257 of 1948) to the officials set forth in item 4 of Article 2 of the same Act to whom the provisions of Chapter IV of this Act are applied, the term 'from paragraph 2 of Article 3 to paragraph 4 of Article 3-2,' the term 'Article 17, Article 17-2,' the term 'paragraph 2 of Article 84, Article 84-2' and the term 'paragraph 4 of Article 100' in item 1 of paragraph 1 of Article 37 of the same Act shall be deemed to be replaced with 'from paragraph 2 to paragraph 4 of Article 3 (excluding matters concerning the maintenance of ethics pertaining to the duties of officials),' 'Article 17 (excluding matters concerning the maintenance of ethics pertaining to the duties of officials),' 'paragraph 2 of Article 84 (excluding what is conducted concerning acts that violate the National Public Service Ethics Act (Act No. 129 of 1999) or orders pursuant to this Act (including official directives pursuant to the provision of paragraph 3 of Article 5 of the same Act and regulations pursuant to the provision of paragraph 4 of the same Article)),' and 'paragraph 4 of Article 100 (excluding what is pertaining to investigations conducted by the National Public Service Ethics Board, to which the authority is delegated pursuant to the provision of Article 17-2),' respectively.

• 第三項から第五項までの規定は、日本郵政公社の職員（国家公務員法第八十一条の五第一項に規定する短時間勤務の官職を占める者以外の常時勤務することを要しない職員を除く。以下この条において「日本郵政公社職員」という。）について準用する。この場合において、第三項中「国有林野事業を行う国の経営する企業に勤務する職員の給与等に関する特例法（昭和二十九年法律第百四十一号。以下この条において「給特法」という。）の適用を受ける国家公務員」とあるのは「日本郵政公社の職員」と、「要しない国家公務員」とあるのは「要しない職員」と、「給特法第四条に規定する農林水産大臣又は政令の定めるところによりその委任を受けた者（以下「農林水産大臣等」という。）」とあるのは「日本郵政公社の総裁」と、「当該国家公務員」とあるのは「当該職員」と、第五項中「農林水産大臣等」とあるのは「日本郵政公社の総裁」と、「国家公務員」とあるのは「職員」と読み替えるものとする。
• The provisions of paragraphs 3 through 5 above shall apply mutatis mutandis to an employee of Japan Post (excluding an employee who is not required to work full-time and does not hold an official post with part-time working hours prescribed in Article 81-5 paragraph 1 of the National Public Service Act; referred to as "Employee of Japan Post" hereinafter in this Article). In this case, the term "a national public officer who is subject to the Special Act on Wages, etc. of Personnel Working in National Enterprises Managing National Forest (Act No. 141 of 1954; referred to as "Special Wage Act" hereinafter in this paragraph)" in paragraph 3 shall be deemed to be replaced with "an employee of Japan Post"; the term "a national public officers who is not required" in the same paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with "an employee who is not required"; the term "the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, etc. or a person to whom the Minister, pursuant to the provisions of a Cabinet Order, delegates the authority prescribed in Article 4 of the Special Wage Act (hereinafter referred to as "the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, etc.")" in the same paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with "the president of Japan Post"; the term "said national public officer" in the same paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with "said employee"; the term "the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, etc." in paragraph 5 shall be deemed to be replaced with "the president of Japan Post"; and the term "national public officer" in the same paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with "employee."

• 第三条各号に定める公益通報をしたことを理由とする一般職の国家公務員、裁判所職員臨時措置法（昭和二十六年法律第二百九十九号）の適用を受ける裁判所職員、国会職員法（昭和二十二年法律第八十五号）の適用を受ける国会職員、自衛隊法（昭和二十九年法律第百六十五号）第二条第五項に規定する隊員及び一般職の地方公務員（以下この条において「一般職の国家公務員等」という。）に対する免職その他不利益な取扱いの禁止については、第三条から第五条までの規定にかかわらず、国家公務員法（昭和二十二年法律第百二十号。裁判所職員臨時措置法において準用する場合を含む。）、国会職員法、自衛隊法及び地方公務員法（昭和二十五年法律第二百六十一号）の定めるところによる。この場合において、一般職の国家公務員等の任命権者その他の第二条第一項第一号に掲げる事業者は、第三条各号に定める公益通報をしたことを理由として一般職の国家公務員等に対して免職その他不利益な取扱いがされることのないよう、これらの法律の規定を適用しなければならない。
• Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 3 to Article 5, the prohibition of dismissal or any other disadvantageous treatment of the national public officers in the regular service, court officers to whom the Act on Temporary Measures concerning Court Officer (Act No. 299 of 1951) is applicable, Diet officers to whom the Diet Officers Act (Act No. 85 of 1947) is applicable, SDF personnel specified in Paragraph 5 of Article 2 of the Self-Defense Forces Act (Act No. 165 of 1954), and local public officers in the regular service (referred to as "National Public Officers in the Regular Service, etc." in this Article) on the basis of Whistleblowing provided for in Items of Article 3 shall be governed by the provision of the National Public Officer Act (Act No. 120 of 1947, including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to the Act on Temporary Measures concerning Court Officer), Diet Officers Act, Self-Defense Forces Act, and Local Public Officers Act (Act No. 261 of 1950). In this case, the appointer of National Public Officers in the Regular Service, etc., and any other business operator provided for in Item (i) of Paragraph 1 of Article 2 shall apply the provisions of these Acts in order to prevent dismissal or any other disadvantageous treatment of any National Public Officers in the Regular Service, etc., on the bases of the Whistleblowing as provided for in the Items of Article 3.

• 第百二十九条の保険料の徴収については、第百三十五条の規定により特別徴収（国民年金法（昭和三十四年法律第百四十一号）による老齢基礎年金その他の同法、厚生年金保険法（昭和二十九年法律第百十五号）、国家公務員共済組合法、地方公務員等共済組合法若しくは私立学校教職員共済法に基づく老齢若しくは退職、障害又は死亡を支給事由とする年金たる給付であって政令で定めるもの及びその他これらの年金たる給付に類する老齢若しくは退職、障害又は死亡を支給事由とする年金たる給付であって政令で定めるもの（以下「老齢等年金給付」という。）の支払をする者（以下「年金保険者」という。）に保険料を徴収させ、かつ、その徴収すべき保険料を納入させることをいう。以下同じ。）の方法による場合を除くほか、普通徴収（市町村が、保険料を課せられた第一号被保険者又は当該第一号被保険者の属する世帯の世帯主若しくは当該第一号被保険者の配偶者（婚姻の届出をしていないが、事実上婚姻関係と同様の事情にある者を含む。以下同じ。）に対し、地方自治法第二百三十一条の規定により納入の通知をすることによって保険料を徴収することをいう。以下同じ。）の方法によらなければならない。
• With regard to the collection of an insurance premium as set forth in Article 129, except for a case when the insurance premium is collected by a method of special collection (which means having a person (hereinafter referred to as "Pension Insurer") that pays an Old Age Basic Pension pursuant to the provisions of the National Pension Act (Act No. 141 of 1959), other benefits for a pension with the reason of payment, such as old age, retirement, disability, or death that are provided by a Cabinet Order and based on the same Act, Employees Pension Insurance Act (Act No. 115 of 1954), National Public Service Mutual Aid Association Act, Local Public Service Mutual Aid Association Act, and Private School Personnel Mutual Aid Association Act, and other benefits as a pension with the reason of payment, such as old age, retirement, disability, or death that are similar to those benefits as a pension and are provided by a Cabinet Order (hereinafter referred to as "Old Age, etc., Pension Benefit"), collect insurance premiums and pay to the government said insurance premiums to be collected; the same shall apply herein) pursuant to the provisions of Article 135, the insurance premium shall be by a method of ordinary collection (which means that a Municipality collects an insurance premium by providing notification of the payment pursuant to the provisions of Article 231 of the Local Autonomy Act to a Primary Insured Person that is subject to an insurance premium, the householder of said family where said Primary Insured Person resides, or the spouse of said Primary Insured Person (including a person that has not submitted a notification of marriage, but is under virtually the same circumstances in a marital relationship); the same shall apply herein).

• 前三項の規定は、独立行政法人通則法（平成十一年法律第百三号）第二条第二項に規定する特定独立行政法人の職員（国家公務員法第八十一条の五第一項に規定する短時間勤務の官職を占める者以外の常時勤務することを要しない職員を除く。以下この条において「特定独立行政法人職員」という。）について準用する。この場合において、第三項中「国有林野事業を行う国の経営する企業に勤務する職員の給与等に関する特例法（昭和二十九年法律第百四十一号。以下この条において「給特法」という。）の適用を受ける国家公務員」とあるのは「独立行政法人通則法（平成十一年法律第百三号）第二条第二項に規定する特定独立行政法人（以下この条において「特定独立行政法人」という。）の職員」と、「要しない国家公務員」とあるのは「要しない職員」と、「給特法第四条に規定する農林水産大臣又は政令の定めるところによりその委任を受けた者（以下「農林水産大臣等」という。）」とあるのは「当該職員の勤務する特定独立行政法人の長」と、「当該国家公務員」とあるのは「当該職員」と、前項中「農林水産大臣等」とあるのは「特定独立行政法人の長」と、「国家公務員」とあるのは「職員」と読み替えるものとする。
• The provisions of the preceding three paragraphs shall apply mutatis mutandis to an employee of a designated Incorporated Administrative Agency prescribed in Article 2 paragraph 2 of the Act on the General Rules for Incorporated Administrative Agency (Act No. 103 of 1999; excluding an employee who is not required to work full-time and does not hold an official post with part-time working hours prescribed in Article 81-5 paragraph 1 of the National Public Service Act; referred to as an "Employee of a Specified Incorporated Administrative Agency" hereinafter in this Article). In this case, the term "A national public officer who is subject to the Special Act on Wages, etc. of Personnel Working in National Enterprises Managing National Forest (Act No. 141 of 1954; referred to as the "Special Wage Act" hereinafter in this paragraph)" in paragraph 3 shall be deemed to be replaced with "An employee of a Specified Incorporated Administrative Agency prescribed in Article 2 paragraph 2 of the Act on the General Rules for Incorporated Administrative Agency (Act No. 103 of 1999) (referred to as the "Specified Incorporated Administrative Agency" hereinafter in this Article)"; the term "a national officer who is not required" in the same paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with "an employee who is not required"; the term "the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries or a person to whom the Minister, pursuant to a Cabinet Order, delegates the authority prescribed in Article 4 of the Special Wage Act (hereinafter referred to as "the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, etc.")" in the same paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with "the head of the Specified Incorporated Administrative Agency at which said employee works"; the term "said national public officer" in the same paragraph shall be replaced with "said employee"; the term "the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, etc." in the preceding paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with "the head of a Specified Incorporated Administrative Agency" ; and the term "a national public officer" in the same paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with "an employee."

• 職員が、任命権者の要請に応じ特別職に属する国家公務員、地方公務員又は公庫の予算及び決算に関する法律（昭和二十六年法律第九十九号）第一条に規定する公庫その他その業務が国の事務若しくは事業と密接な関連を有する法人のうち人事院規則で定めるものに使用される者（以下この項において「特別職国家公務員等」という。）となるため退職し、引き続き特別職国家公務員等として在職した後、引き続いて当該退職を前提として職員として採用された場合（一の特別職国家公務員等として在職した後、引き続き一以上の特別職国家公務員等として在職し、引き続いて当該退職を前提として職員として採用された場合を含む。）において、当該退職までの引き続く職員としての在職期間（当該退職前に同様の退職（以下この項において「先の退職」という。）、特別職国家公務員等としての在職及び職員としての採用がある場合には、当該先の退職までの引き続く職員としての在職期間を含む。以下この項において「要請に応じた退職前の在職期間」という。）中に前項各号のいずれかに該当したときは、これに対し同項に規定する懲戒処分を行うことができる。職員が、第八十一条の四第一項又は第八十一条の五第一項の規定により採用された場合において、定年退職者等となつた日までの引き続く職員としての在職期間（要請に応じた退職前の在職期間を含む。）又は第八十一条の四第一項若しくは第八十一条の五第一項の規定によりかつて採用されて職員として在職していた期間中に前項各号のいずれかに該当したときも、同様とする。
• When an official leaves government position, upon the request of an appointer to be a national public servant in the special service, a local public officer, or an employee of a public financial corporation as provided for in Article 1 of the Act on Budget and Settlement of Public Financial Corporations (Act No. 99 of 1951), or any other juridical person provided for by rules of the National Personnel Authority among those whose business is related closely to national affairs or undertakings (hereinafter referred to as 'a national public servant in the special service, etc.' in this paragraph), and then, after holding office without interruption as a national public servant in the special service, etc., is employed without interruption as an official on premise of the said leaving of government position (including the case of an official who holds one or more offices without interruption as a national public servant in the special service, etc. after holding another office as a national public servant in the special service, etc., and then is employed as an official on the premise of the said leaving of government position), in the cases where, during the continuous period of holding office as an official up to the said leaving of government position (in the case of an official who leaves government position similarly (hereinafter referred to as 'the previous leaving of government position' in this paragraph) before the said leaving of government position, holds office as a national public servant in the special service, etc., and is employed as an official, including the continuous period of holding office as an official up to the previous leaving of government position, hereinafter referred to as 'the period of holding office before leaving of government position responding to the request' in this paragraph), he/she falls under any of the items in the preceding paragraph, any of the disciplinary actions provided for in the same paragraph may be taken. When an official who is employed pursuant to the provision of paragraph 1 of Article 81-4 or paragraph 1 of Article 81-5 falls under any of the items of the preceding paragraph during the continuous period of holding office as an official up to the day when he/she has become a person who has mandatorily retired, etc. (including the period of holding office before leaving of government position responding to the request), or the period that he/she has held office as an official after the employment pursuant to the provision of paragraph 1 of Article 81-4 or paragraph 1 of Article 81-5, the same shall apply as well.