側: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 柏崎県側
- Kashiwazaki Prefecture side
- 新潟県側
- Niigata Prefecture side
- 下肢片側痛
- unilateral leg pain
- 日本側の対応
- How Japan Dealt with the Incident
- 清国側の対応
- Response of the Qing Dynasty
- 織田側の編成
- Composition of the Oda army
- 徳川綱吉の側用人。
- Sobayonin (lord chamberlain) of Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA
- 慣習法としての側面
- Aspect as common law
- 山頂は奈良県側にある。
- The mountaintop of Mt. Ikoma is located on the Nara Prefecture side.
- 宇佐八幡宮側の内部事情説
- Theory focusing on the internal circumstances of the Usa Hachiman-gu Shrine
- 永光院 - 家光の側室。
- Eikoin - Concubine of Iemitsu
- 瑞春院 - 綱吉の側室。
- Zuishunin - Concubine of Tsunayoshi.
- これに朝鮮側は抗議を行った。
- Korea protested against these acts.
- 専行院 - 徳川家斉の側室。
- Senkoin - Concubine of Ienari TOKUGAWA.
- しかし十河側は野戦を選んだ。
- However, the Sogo force chose field battle.
- そして手兵を以て敵を側撃する。
- Then, he attacked the enemy's flank with his troops.
- 御用人御側掛、寄合 松井市兵衛
- Lord chamberlain, yoriai Ichibei MATSUI.
- その南側に主室の九間があった。
- There were master guest rooms consisting of nine rooms toward the south side.
- 南側は、竹内街道が通っていた。
- Takenouchi-kaido Road ran through its south side.
- 籠城側はこれを神威とみなした。
- The castle side regarded this as the power of gods.
- 条約交渉における日本側の基本姿勢
- The basic attitude of Japan at the treaty negotiations
- この際、古河側は永久示談を要求。
- At that time, the Furukawa side demanded a final composition (with the condition that the victims should abandon every right to demand or negotiate after that in exchange of some money).
- 物頭・側用人、150石(新参)。
- Monogashira (Military Commanders) and Sobayonin (lord chamberlain) with an estate of 150 koku (newcomer).
- 側面にはギザギザが103個ある。
- On the lateral side, there are 103 knurls.
- 御側役・留守居・大番頭...5千石
- Osobayaku (secretary), Rusui (caretaker or keeper) and Obangashira: 5,000 koku (of rice)
- 畿内の外側には、令制国が置かれた。
- Ryoseikoku provinces were provided outside Kinai.
- 詰所は二条城の側に置かれたという。
- It is said that the station was set by the Nijo-jo Castle.
- 疲弊した藩鎮側もこれを受け入れる。
- The war-stricken hanchin accepted the offer.
- 宿泊所や食事は鴻臚館側が供出した。
- The management office of Korokan provided them with board and lodging.
- しかし日本側の史料にその記載が無い。
- However, the Japanese materials lack such descriptions.
- それは、日本側の対応を確認するため。
- The purpose was to see how Japan would react.
- この結果、日本側の制海権が確定した。
- Consequently, Japan's command of the seas was confirmed.
- 側用人・児小姓頭、350石(譜代)。
- Sobayonin (lord chamberlain), Jikoshogashira (junior head of the kosho), estate of 350 koku (hereditary daimyo).
- これに対し稲田側は一切無抵抗でいた。
- The Inada side, however, was completely unable to resist it.
- 東側、葛城市には、麓に当麻寺がある。
- Taima-dera Temple is located at its east foot in Katsuragi City.
- 幕府側の主導で戦後処理が進められた。
- The misdeeds of the conflict were atoned for under the leadership of the bakufu faction.
- 中国・朝鮮側では「白江」と表記される。
- In China and Korea, it is written as '白江.'
- 敬神党側の死者・自刃者は、計124名。
- The death and suicide toll on the side of the Keishin-to party was 124 in total.
- 藩の側も脱藩を黙認することが多かった。
- In many cases, the domains overlooked those who left.
- 朝鮮側輸出品は木綿や綿が中心であった。
- Imports from Korea were mainly cotton.
- 観音寺城の攻め口は、南側と北側になる。
- The Semekuchi (weak points of castles) of Kannonji-jo Castle were at its north and south side.
- 一方日本側の死傷者は雲揚の2名であった。
- On the other hand, the number of casualties for the Japanese was 2 of Unyo.
- しかし日本側の砲艦外交によって頓挫した。
- However it was frustrated by gunboat diplomacy by Japan.
- 同年朝鮮側も東京に公使館を設置している。
- Korea also established a consular office in Tokyo in the same year.
- 八坂神社石鳥居〔京都市東山区祇園町北側〕
- Ishi torii (stone torii) of Yasaka-jinja Shrine [Gion-machi Kitagawa, Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City]
- しかし、徳川側は徹底的な破壊を実行する。
- However, the Tokugawa side executed thorough destruction.
- 宝樹院 - 家光の側室、徳川家綱の生母。
- Hojuin - Concubine of Iemitsu, real mother of Ietsuna TOKUGAWA
- 桂昌院 - 家光の側室、徳川綱吉の生母。
- Keishoin - Concubine of Iemitsu, real mother of Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA
- 一方、幕府側の主張は以下の通りであった。
- Meanwhile, the bakufu argued as follows:
- 神さびたその側面に苔が生(は)える日まで
- and moss coats its awe-inspiring side
- 将軍側の国書では「日本国源家光」とした。
- The term of Iemitsu MINAMOTO was used in the sovereign's message on the shogun side.
- 西日本や日本海側で観測されることが多い。
- Kosa is observed more frequently in the western part of Japan and on the Japan Sea side.
- )武田観柳斎も衛士側に合流を拒否された。
- (Kanryusai allegedly advised those including IBARAKI to desert Shinsengumi).
- この場合天皇側は事後に責任を問われない。
- In this case, the emperor or the Imperial Court is not accused later.
- これにより朝鮮側の対日姿勢がやや軟化した。
- In line with their insistence, the attitude of Korea against Japan softened slightly.
- しかし、古河側はこの事実を公表しなかった。
- However, Furukawa did not make it public.
- 朝鮮側が受け入れたのは、以下の理由による。
- The reason why Korea accepted the treaty was as follows.
- しかし、日本側は既に防衛体制を整えていた。
- However, Japan had already prepared defenses.
- 伯母子岳(1344メートル)の東側を巻く。
- It goes the east side of Mt. Obako-dake (1344 meters above sea level).
- 片側1車線の確保された道路を持つ峠である。
- The pass has a road with double lane.
- 警察は引渡しを要求したが朝連側は拒否した。
- The police demanded them to hand over the suspect but the Koreans refused.
- 日本側は、先に清国と日清修好条規を締結する。
- So Japan first concluded the Japan-Qing Treaty of Friendship with Qing.
- (以下、二十六聖人記念碑の右側から順に列挙)
- (Here lists the names, starting from the right side of the monument for the Twenty-six Martyrs)
- 政府軍側の死者は約60名、負傷者約200名。
- Of the government forces, about 60 were killed and about 200 were injured.
- 明側は義長を簒奪者と看做してこれを拒絶した。
- However, the Ming refused this offer, regarding Yoshinaga as a person who had usurped power.
- 京都市側からなら峠地蔵まで行くことができる。
- It is possible to go as far as Toge-jizo (a Jizo statue at the pass) from Kyoto City side.
- 府県境に位置する比叡山の西側は当区に属する。
- The western side of Mt. Hiei which is situated between the two prefectures belongs to the ward.
- 残党を引き渡すよう要求したが寺側は拒否した。
- The Nobutada ODA force requested the temple to hand over the remnants, but the temple refused the request.
- 浅野側はこの二回の一揆を紀伊国一揆と称した。
- The Asano side called these two riots, the Riot of Kii Province.
- 夜間、日本側からの小舟に分乗して、元船を奇襲。
- Surprise attacks in the night against the Yuan ships, departing from Japan in small boats.
- しかし朝鮮側はそのようには解釈していなかった。
- However, Korea did not understand as Japan intended.
- そのため、九州西側の守備は手薄だったのである。
- As a result, the guard in western Kyushu was sparse.
- 天皇(朝廷)の意思にそぐわないとされた側の軍。
- Rebel army indicated armies formed against the emperor's (Imperial court's) will.
- 将軍の側室は基本的に将軍付の中臈から選ばれる。
- Basically, Shogun's concubines were selected from the churo (a lady-in-waiting) for the Shogun.
- 奈良県側は奈良盆地、その向こうの大峰山を望む。
- Nara Basin, followed by Mt. Omine, on the Nara Prefecture side can be viewed.
- 大田神社の南側に石碑がある(上賀茂北大路町)。
- There is a stone monument to the south of Ota-jinja Shrine (Kamigamo-Kitaoji-cho).
- 峠の北側と南側で周囲の状況が一変する峠である。
- The pass has a totally different sceneries on its north and south sides.
- 現在は近鉄奈良駅(大宮通り)の北側一帯を指す。
- Today, the Nara Kitamachi area refers to the overall area of north side of Kintetsu Nara Station (Omiya-dori Street).
- これら唐に対して反抗的な藩鎮を反側藩鎮と呼ぶ。
- These anti-Tang hanchin were called hansoku hanchin.
- このため、高野山側によって全員討ち果たされた。
- For this reason, all of them were killed by the Koyasan side.
- 側面にギザギザがついている(いわゆるギザ十)。
- These were the so called ''aggy 10-yen' with the engrailed rim.
- 後の聖徳太子は蘇我氏側につき、物部氏を滅ぼした。
- Prince Shotoku sided with the Soga clan and destroyed the Mononobe clan.
- 結局、段山の背後に出た鎮台側が薩軍を敗走させた。
- At last, the garrison took a position behind Daniyama and drove off the Satsuma army.
- 一方上杉側はこの後もすぐに関東へ出兵している)。
- On the other hand, the Uesugi side sent its troops to Kanto immediately after the battle as well).
- 一揆勢は県庁側役人に次のような嘆願書を提出した。
- The uprising group handed Sobayaku (Secretary) of the Prefectural Office a petition that included the following requests.
- まず、アメリカ側が船上でフランス料理を振舞った。
- The Americans treated the shogunate officials to French cuisine on board.
- 「河西」「西河」はこの黄河の西側という意である。
- The 'Hexi' and 'Xihe' meant the west side of this Yellow River.
- - 大田神社の北側の山の尾根を歩く散策路である。
- Ota no komichi Lane is a hiking trail running along a mountain ridge to the north of Ota-jinja Shrine.
- 北側には、火山活動でできたとされる屯鶴峯がある。
- There is Donzurubo (a place name), which is said to have been formed by volcanic activity, on its north side.
- 8月22日 (旧暦)には義昌が家康側に寝返った。
- On September 18), Yoshimasa switched to Ieyasu's side.
- 遺体は、日本側官憲により16日に引き渡しを終えた。
- The bodies of the French sailors were returned by the Japanese police on March 9.
- このような村民を代表する側面を「惣代機能」と呼ぶ。
- Such an aspect that the Shoya or Nanushi represented to the village is known as 'Soudaikinou.'
- 共同運輸も三菱側双方の営業、現場とも疲弊し始める。
- The sales and shipping of both Kyodo Unyu and Mitusubishi were decimated.
- 清国側からも同様に激しい抗議がいくつか寄せられた。
- Some fierce protests came from Qing in the same manner.
- 居留地に対してこれら西側のエリアを雑居地といった。
- These western sections were called Mixed Residential Area to The Former Foreign Settlement.
- 後醍醐は側近の千種忠顕とともに幕府に捕らえられた。
- Godaigo was arrested by the bakufu together with his close adviser, Tadaaki CHIKUSA.
- 『流注経』・『偃側図』・『赤鳥神針経』も兼修した。
- And they also had to learn 'Ruchugyo' (a Chinese classic on acupuncture), 'Osokuzu' (a Chinese classic illustrating acupuncture), and 'Shaku Jinshinkyo' (a Chinese classic illustrating acupuncture).
- 龍門山雲路の砦(大光明院覚乗)……最も西側にある砦
- The Fort of Ryumonzan Kumoji (Kakujo of Daikomyo-in Temple) which was located on the westernmost side
- 沢城の開城により和泉の紀州側城砦群は全て陥落した。
- The surrender of Sawa-jo Castle was the final fall among the falls of castles and forts of the Kishu side in Izumi Province.
- これは紀州側にとって完全に見込み違いの結果だった。
- This was totally different from what the Kishu side had expected.
- 1959年:側面のギザギザがないものに変更される。
- 1959: 10-yen coins were altered so as to have smooth rims, instead of engrailed ones.
- 日本側も単に国書を送りつけるだけだったわけではない。
- Japan did not just continue sending sovereign's messages to Korea.
- 明暦の大火、元禄、文治政治、側用人政治、元禄赤穂事件
- Great Fire in Meireki, Genroku, civilian government, sobayonin (lord chamberlain) government, and Genroku Ako Incident
- 1. 心即理 ― 陽明学の倫理学的側面を表すことば。
- 1. Shinsokuri - a word representing the ethical side of Yomei-gaku.
- 2. 致良知 ― 陽明学の方法論的側面を表すことば。
- 2. Chiryochi - a word representing the methodological side of Yomei-gaku
- 前者は陽明学の立場から朱子学の礼教的側面を批判した。
- The former criticized the ideological side of Shushi-gaku from the Yomeigaku point of view.
- 月光院 - 徳川家宣の側室、7代将軍徳川家継の生母。
- Gekkoin - Concubine of Ienobu TOKUGAWA, real mother of the seventh Shogun Ietsugu TOKUGAWA.
- 藤原京は当初、大和三山の内側にあると想像されていた。
- At first, it was presumed that Fujiwara-kyo was located on the inside of Yamato Sanzan (Three Mountains of Yamato).
- 多田行綱は山側から攻めて山の手(夢野口)を落とした。
- Yukitsuna TADA attacked the Taira clan from the mountain side and took the hilly section of the city (Yumeno fortress entrance).
- 長州側は山口の藩政府の合議制により作戦が指揮された。
- The Choshu clan employed collegial system of the administration of the domain to conduct the operations.
- この当時は後の両番のような親衛隊的側面も有していた。
- At the time, oban had a role as the bodyguard which was later succeeded by ryoban.
- 町人地は、侍町の外側に配された商人や職人の町である。
- The townsmen district was located outside of the Samurai towns and was the town for merchants and craftsmen.
- 開基は太田道灌の子孫で徳川家康の側室であった英勝尼。
- The Kaiki is Eishoni, a descendant of Dokan OTA and a concubine of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA.
- また南側には幅80cm、高さ1.3mの潜り門もある。
- The Moguri gate (hatch), 80 centimeters in width and 1.3 meters high, is located on its south side.
- 朝鮮からの砲撃の翌日、今度は日本側が艦砲射撃を行った。
- On the day after Korea opened fire, Japan did the bombardment of land by their warships.
- 環濠の内側から約100棟の竪穴式住居が発見されている。
- About 100 pit dwellings were found inside the moat surrounded area.
- 妙法院玄関〔京都市東山区東大路通渋谷下る妙法院前側町〕
- Entrance of Myohoin Temple [Myohoin Maekawa-cho, Higashiojidori Shibutani-sagaru, Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City]
- 3月17日、官軍は西側からと正面からの攻撃を開始した。
- On March 17, the government army started to attack the west side and front side.
- 本寿院 - 徳川家慶の側室、13代将軍徳川家定の生母。
- Honjuin - Concubine of Ieyoshi TOKUGAWA, real mother of the 13th Shogun Iesada TOKUGAWA.
- 常人らは部下の隼人に敵側の隼人に投降を呼びかけさせた。
- Tsunehito and others ordered his Hayato soldiers to persuade the Hayato of the enemy to surrender.
- この事件で襲撃側では中井庄五郎が死亡、負傷者2-3名。
- During this incident, Shogoro NAKAI died and a few others were injured on the attacker's side.
- 稲田側は幕末時の活躍によりすぐ認められると思っていた。
- The INADA side thought their request would be approved soon due to the achievement at the end of the Edo period.
- 現在の所謂「旧鎌倉」地域」(=鎌倉七口の内側)に当る。
- The area corresponds to the so-called 'old Kamakura area' (within Kamakura Nanakuchi).
- 義弘は幕府軍の北側の陣へ斬り込み日本刀を振るって奮戦。
- He cut his way into the battle lines of the shogunal army on the north side of the city, striking left and right with his katana in fierce fighting.
- 群馬県側の鉱毒被害および鉱毒反対運動については後述する。
- As for the mining pollution and the protest movement in Gunma Prefecture, see below.
- 日本側が突然条約締結を持ち出したのは、以下の理由による。
- The reason why Japan suddenly brought up the conclusion of the treaty was as follows.
- 仏教会側は「三協西山」社長の西山正彦を交渉の窓口とした。
- The Buddhist organization installed Masahiko NISHIYAMA, who was the president of 'Sankyo Nishiyama', as the person to contact for negotiation.
- 将門は自らの正当性を国衙側に認めさせて豊田へ引き揚げた。
- Masakado ensured that the Kokuga (provincial government office) recognized his victory and went back to Toyoda.
- 断崖絶壁の上であり、平氏は山側を全く警戒していなかった。
- The Taira clan never prepared precautions for the mountainous side because of its precipitous cliffs.
- 楠木軍は湊川の西側、本陣の北西にあたる会下山に布陣した。
- The Kusunoki army was deployed in Egenoyama, which was on the west side of Minatogawa and to the northwest of the headquarters.
- 浅羽民部少輔は持氏の側近・浅羽下総守の一族と推定される。
- It is assumed that Asaba Minbu shoyu belonged to the same family as Mochiuji's close advisors, Asaba Shimosa no kami (the governor of Shimosa Province).
- 大方の予想では、十河側は勝瑞城に籠城すると見られていた。
- Most people expected the Sogo force to have confined themselves in the Shozui-jo Castle.
- (土佐藩側では)フランス人が迷惑不遜行為に及んだとされる。
- According to the account of the Tosa Domain, the French sailors caused nuisances and behaved irreverently.
- 日本側の弘安の役での戦術や対策としては、下記があげられる。
- Japan employed the following tactics and measures in Koan no Eki.
- 3日目には第1砲台も放火し、朝鮮側の35名を殺害している。
- On the third day, they also set fire to the first gun battery and killed 35 Korean soldiers.
- このような日本側の姿勢は「てんびん棒帝国主義」と評された。
- This attitude of Japan was described as 'Balanced Imperialism.'
- 古河側が時効の成立を主張したことなどについては言及がある。
- It is mentioned that Furukawa Mining had made the claim for statute of limitations for their responsibilities.
- 元続等急駆してこれに赴き黒田隊を助けて敵の側背に突撃する。
- Those incuding Mototsugu rushed for and helped the Kuroda troops by attacking the enemy's rear and flank.
- 翌6日夜、県側は一揆首謀者の宿舎を急襲し、彼等を捕縛した。
- On the night of the next day, 6th, the Prefectural Office made a raid on a camp where ringleaders of the uprising stayed, and arrested them.
- (ただし、金玉均の妻子は日本側に保護されたとされている。)
- (However, it is said that Ok-gyun KIM's wife and their children were protected by Japan.)
- だが元弘の乱の論功行賞において、後醍醐の側近が優遇された。
- The granting of rewards after the examination of services for the Genko no Ran was unfair, however.
- 果無峠の十津川側登山口からすぐの山上(稜線上)にある集落。
- It is a village located on the ridge and it is near one of the entrance of Hatenashi Pass for climbers who climb from the side of Totsu-kawa River.
- 初めは官軍に与していた廬龍軍などが乱側に寝返ってしまった。
- Armies like the Lulong army that used to side with the imperial army switched sides and allied themselves with the rebels.
- 坂本城は、琵琶湖の南湖西側にあり、大津市の北郊に位置する。
- Sakamoto-jo Castle was located on the west side of Lake Nanko of Lake Biwa in the northern part of Otsu City.
- 日本側の砲艦外交に対し、戦端を開く覚悟までは至らなかったこと
- Korea could not prepare for the outbreak of war against the gunboat diplomacy of Japan.
- 貿易が開始されると、朝鮮側の米輸出過多となり米価が高騰した。
- After starting trade, Korean rice was exported excessively, and price of rice soared.
- 英仏側の言い分は厳しかったが、公法上諒承せざるを得なかった。
- The claims of the British and French side were severe, but he could do nothing but accept it taking into account of the public law.
- 朝鮮側の国書の宛先を「日本国大君」から「日本国王」に直した。
- Hakuseki also changed Korean sovereign's message to be delivered to 'the King of Japan' instead of 'Tycoon of Japan.'
- 「一辺9里の正方形で、側面にはそれぞれ3つずつの門を開く。」
- The capital was built in a square shape with the sides 36 kilograms long and with each side having three gates.'
- ペリーは首里城への訪問を打診したが、王国側はこれを拒否した。
- Perry made inquiries about a visit to Shuri-jo Caste, but the Kingdom refused.
- これも朝廷側からの宇佐八幡宮への圧迫の結果であると見られる。
- It is considered that this is a result of the pressure used from the Imperial Court side to Usa Hachiman-gu Shrine.
- 課税に反対する側が塩の専売制を主張し、専売制が法制化された。
- Those who argued against the tax argued for the monopolization of salt, which became legislated.
- しかし側室や将軍生母の力は時代が下るとともに低下していった。
- However, the authority of the concubines and Shogun's real mother were declining with the times.
- その他の側室は二丸御殿や桜田御用屋敷で静かに余生を過ごした。
- Other concubines spent the rest of their life in Ninomaru palace or Sakurada goyo yashiki (palace) quietly.
- また、朝鮮側も日本側が入貢と見なしていたことは認識していた。
- The Korean side also recognized that the Japanese side considered Chosen Tsushinshi as coming for paying tributes.
- これにより砂塵は発生地の東側の地域への到達が多い傾向にある。
- Therefore, it is likely that kosa reaches areas to the east of the place where it has originated.
- ここに幕府・北朝側は深刻な政治的危機に直面することになった。
- This led to a serious political crisis for the bakufu/Northern Court side.
- 豊島沖海戦による、日本側の死傷者及び艦船の損害は皆無であった。
- There were no Japanese causalities nor damage at all on the Japanese side in the Battle of Pungdo.
- 一方、鎮台側はこの機に乗じ、時々少量の糧食を城中に運び入れた。
- On the other hand, the garrison took advantage of that and occasionally carried provisions into the castle by small amount.
- 当初は日本側の大幅な輸入超過であり金銀が大量に海外に流出した。
- Japan initially suffered from a massive outflow of gold and silver due to a drastic trade deficit.
- 山型のように側がないため、根菜類は掘り起こさなければならない。
- This type has no side slope, so it is not easy to dig up the root crops.
- その結果、麹屋側は酒屋側に屈服して京都における麹座は衰退した。
- As a result, the kojiya gave in to the sakaya, and the koji za in Kyoto fell into decline.
- 西郷隆盛が唱えた征韓論には失業士族の救済、という側面もあった。
- Seikanron (a debate on the subjugation of Korea) advocated by Takamori SAIGO also intended to provide relief for unemployed former samurai.
- 彼だけでなく、鎮撫使側の人間は不幸な末路をたどったものが多い。
- Not only he, but also many of the chinbushi members died a miserable death.
- 最も一般的なのは米原市側の伊吹山スキー場から登るコースである。
- Starting to climb at Mt. Ibuki ski resort on the Maibara City side is the most common course.
- 峠付近は片側1車線が確保されており、勾配もそれほど急ではない。
- The road is secured double lanes wide around the pass and the inclination isn't so sharp.
- さらにこの気流は、カムチャツカ半島付近で南側の分流と合流する。
- This air current joins further together with the southern split flow around the Kamchatka.
- なお、城の北側には玄宮園・楽々園という大名庭園が配されている。
- In addition, on the north side of the castle, Daimyo Garden called Genkyu-en Garden and Rakuraku-en Garden are placed.
- 中大兄皇子は長槍を持って殿側に隠れ、鎌子は弓矢をとってひそんだ。
- Prince Naka no Oe hid on the palace side with holding a long spear while Kamako lurked with a bow and arrow.
- ただし、古河側が直接、鉱毒に関して言及している例は非常に少ない。
- However, there are only a few records of Furukawa mentioning the mining pollution.
- すなわち朝鮮側は、この時の慣例を条文化したものだと認識していた。
- That was to say, Korea perceived that the custom at that time was provided in the treaty.
- 条約批准の段階に至っても、朝鮮側の関心事は体面的なものであった。
- Even at the stage of treaty ratification, Korea was only interested in their honor.
- 2月12日に丁汝昌提督は将兵の助命を日本側に懇願して自決をする。
- On February 12, Commodore Ding Ruchang solicited Japan to save lives of solders and committed suicide.
- 内部には小石を詰め、陸側に傾斜を持たせて海側を切り立たせている。
- With the inside filled with pebbles, the land side was built on slant, while the sea side upright.
- 削器、側削器、サイド=スクレーパー (Side Scraper)
- Sakki (chippers), Sokusakki (side-chippers), Side scrapers:
- 親衛隊側面はそちらに移行し、大番は幕府の直轄軍事力となってゆく。
- The role as a guardian was taken over by shoinban and koshogumi and oban gradually became a military force under the direct control of the Edo bakufu.
- その後も天皇は小倉家に決定の履行を迫るが小倉家側はこれを拒んだ。
- After that, the Emperor urged the Ogura family to honor the decision, but they refused to do so.
- これは幕府によって宗氏の力量が試されたという側面も存在している。
- This included the aspect that the ability of the So clan was to be checked by the bakufu.
- しかし、京都市側から登ると峠付近でゲートによって封鎖されている。
- Climbing up from Kyoto City side, however, the road around the pass is closed with a gate.
- 代宗は事態を収拾するために乱側の藩鎮の地位を保全して罪を赦した。
- Daizong, in order to control the situation, offered to guarantee the positions of the hanchin on the rebel side and pardoned them of their crimes.
- 郷村断層では、西側が最大80cm隆起し、南へ270cm移動した。
- The Goson Fault was raised a maximum of 80cm on the west side and moved 270cm towards the south.
- 以上をまとめると日本側の交渉の基本姿勢は、以下の二点に集約される。
- Japan's basic attitude towards negotiations was based on a combination of these two points.
- もう一つの開港地として日本側が求めたのは仁川広域市府済物浦である。
- Another city that Japan requested to open a port was Jemulpo, presently Incheon Metropolitan City.
- なお、整備計画区域内の朱雀門南西側には積水化学工業奈良工場がある。
- Besides, to the southwest of the Suzaku-mon Gate within the maintenance project area, Sekisui Chemical Company Nara Plant is situated.
- 順性院 - 家光の側室、甲府藩主徳川綱重(徳川家宣の実父)の生母。
- Junshoin - Concubine of Iemitsu, real mother of Tsunashige TOKUGAWA (real father of Ienobu TOKUGAWA), a lord of the Kofu Domain.
- ニコライは右側頭部に9cm近くの傷を負ったが、命に別状はなかった。
- Nicholas was left with a 9 cm long scar on the right side of his forehead, but his wound was not life-threatening.
- この天保通寳の裏側には金座の後藤庄三郎光次の花押が鋳出されている。
- Kao (written seal mark) of Mitsutsugu Shosaburo GOTO of kin-za was cast on the reverse side of Tenpo-tsuho.
- Kao (written seal mark) of Shozaburo Mitsutsugu GOTO of kin-za was cast on the back side of this Tenpo Tsuho.
- 勅使佐伯常人、阿倍虫麻呂の軍は6,000人余で河の東側に布陣した。
- About 6,000 soldiers of imperial messengers Tsunehito SAEKI and ABE no Mushimaro lined up at the eastern side of the river.
- 紀州側は、三浦は頬頤に傷を負い、三宅精一、関甚之助も軽傷を負った。
- From the Kishu clan, Miura got injured on his cheek and jaw, and Seiichi MIYAKE and Jinnosuke SEKI were lightly hurt.
- 後詰の軍として本陣から北側、桂川の川勝寺に武田元光軍が陣をひいた。
- The army of Motomitsu TAKEDA was deployed as a reserve army in Senshoji along the Katsura-gawa River, which was north of the headquarters.
- 日蓮宗側では「天文法難」と呼び、一般には「天文法乱」とも呼ばれる。
- It is called 'Tenmon-honan' by the Nichiren sect, and is also generally called 'Tenmon-horan.'
- だが、北野社側も自己の運上金収入に関わる問題でありこれを拒絶した。
- However, Kitano-sha Shrine rejected the request because the issue had to due with their own tax income.
- 3月1日、武田氏一族の穴山信君が徳川家康に通じ、織田側に寝返った。
- On March 1, 1582, Nobukimi ANAYAMA in the Takeda family contacted Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, and defected to the Oda side.
- 自らを藩師として認めるように強談し、朝廷側もこれをやむなく認めた。
- They used forceful persuasion to acknowledge them as hanshi, and the imperial court yielded to their request.
- 更に公重も北朝側に従ったために公重を排除するわけにも行かなかった。
- Furthermore, as Kinshige yielded to the Northern Court, it was impossible to exclude Kinshige.
- しかし一度破堤したことで籠城側は神威を信じ、粘り強く抵抗していた。
- However, a break of the enemy's bank made the besieged believe the power of god, so that it continued to fight with patience.
- 攻城側は直ちに堤防の修復にかかり、13日までには修理を完了させた。
- The besiegers soon began to repair the bank and completed it by the 24th.
- 日本軍は先住民の村を焼き払うなどし、日本側の戦死者は12名であった。
- The Japanese army burned down villages of indigenous people with 12 deaths of Japanese soldiers during the war.
- 蓮華王院築地塀(太閣塀)〔京都市東山区東大路通渋谷下る妙法院前側町〕
- Tsuijibei (a mud wall with a roof) of Rengeoin Temple (Taikobei)[Myohoin Maekawa-cho, Higashiojidori Shibutani-sagaru, Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City]
- 殉死者が自殺する場合と、体制側が強制的に殉死者を選別する場合がある。
- There are two cases of junshi: in one case, a person voluntarily kills himself or herself and in the other case, a regime selects a person to perform junshi compulsorily.
- その後、日本側は何かにつけてアメリカ側に料理を食べに行ったとされる。
- It is said that, afterwards, the Japanese officials frequently returned to dine with the Americans.
- 10月9日、広嗣軍1万騎が板櫃河(北九州市)に至り、河の西側に布陣。
- On November 6, 10,000 horsemen of the Hirotsugu army arrived at Itabitsuchin (Kitakyushu City) and lined up at the western side of the river.
- 新選組側は宮川信吉と舟津釜太郎が死亡、重傷1名、負傷者3名を出した。
- Shinsengumi lost Nobukichi MIYAGAWA and Kamataro FUNAZU, and four others were injured, including one seriously.
- 現四天王寺の北側に磐船神社(饒速日命の降臨地)が元々あったとされる。
- Iwafune-jinja Shrine (place where Nigihaya no mikoto descended to earth) is said to have been located at the north side of the present Shitenno-ji Temple.
- 同乱の叛乱側、追討側いずれも延喜期に勲功を挙げた者たちの子孫である。
- In this war, both the rebelling force and the hunting-and-killing force consisted of descendants of those who distinguished themselves during the Engi period.
- 『周礼』では「正西」すなわち中原から真西側にあたる地域であるとする。
- 'The Rites of Zhou' defined the area as 'Zhengxi,' that is, from the center of the field to the due west side.
- 愛宕山 (福知山市1) - 京都府福知山市の福知山市街地東側にある。
- Atago-yama (Fukuchiyama City 1) - It is located on the eastern side of the urban area of Fukuchiyama City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 峠のすぐ近くから芹生側に灰屋川が流れており、ここに芹が自生していた。
- Close to the pass, the Haiya-gawa River runs on the side of Seryo, where Seri (dropworts) were growing wild.
- 南側を固めていた杉豊後守は義弘の死を知らされて敵陣に切り込んで討死。
- When Bungo no kami SUGI, who was reinforcing the south side of the city, was told of Yoshihiro's death, he cut his way into the enemy's formation and died in battle.
- 往々にして「付き合ってみないことには判らない」という側面のある相性だ。
- Generally speaking, aisho has an aspect which 'cannot be discovered unless one actually has a certain degree of closeness to the person.'
- 長篠城近辺に留まる武田支軍に対し、尾根伝いに南側から後方へ回り込んだ。
- Passing through ridges from the south, they sneaked around to the back of Takeda's army that remained around Nagashino-jo Castle.
- 日本側の軍艦の名を取って雲揚号事件(うんようごうじけん)とも呼ばれる。
- It is also known as Unyo Incident, which had its name from the Japanese warship 'Unyo.'
- しかし、群馬県山田郡側の鉱毒被害は、この時代、逆に増加したといわれる。
- On the other hand, it is said that in Yamada County of Gunma Prefecture, the mining pollution became thicker in that period.
- このような暦道の振舞いに対して算道・宿曜道側からの激しい攻撃を受けた。
- These acts of the rekido scholars came under fire from the scholars of sando (study of mathematics) and sukuyodo (the astrology brought as part of Esoteric Buddhism).
- このため、一種の教育機関としての側面も有していたとする見解も存在する。
- Because of this, some believe the Untei had also functioned as a type of educational facility.
- その動きを期待していた信長側でも再度朝廷に講和の仲介を働きかけていた。
- Nobunaga, expecting this action, already restarted to ask the Imperial Court for a mediation for the pacification.
- これによる稲田側の被害は、自決2人、即死15人、重傷6人、軽傷14人。
- Inada's damage caused by this incident was 2 suicides, 15 instant deaths, 6 serious injuries and 14 minor injuries.
- 新選組側より、会議の場所を提供すればそこで返却する、との回答があった。
- Then, Shinsengumi replied that they would return the deed if the Minakuchi domain were to prepare the place for the meeting.
- この少し前(具体的年代には諸説あり)に秋篠寺が秋篠の南側に建立された。
- A little while before that (there are different views about the exact period), Akishino-dera Temple was established in the south of Akishino.
- 丘の北側に展望台があり、大和三山、藤原京などの風景を望むことができる。
- An observation deck at the north side of the hill offers a view of Three Mountains of Yamato, Fujiwara-kyo (the imperial capital of Japan for 16 years between 694 and 710), etc.
- 海岸部を国道134号が通過している(演習場時代は北側を迂回していた)。
- National Route 134 passes the seashore area (it was detoured through the north side in the days of the maneuvering range).
- 篭城側の島津軍はその戦力差のため長期戦になれば不利になる恐れがあった。
- Shimazu army with a castle would have faced the defeat with a long war due to the difference in their military strengths.
- もう1本の山田断層は、北側が最大70cm隆起し、東へ80cm移動した。
- The Yamada Fault was raised a maximum of 70cm on the north side and moved 80cm towards the east.
- 使節団一行には軍艦や兵士の護衛がつき、威圧効果を朝鮮側に与えようとした。
- Japan tried to coerce Korea by sending a guard of battleships and soldiers to accompany the envoy.
- 交渉の停滞に業を煮やした日本側は砲艦外交を行うことを日本政府に上申した。
- The Japanese got angry about the stagnation of negotiations, and they asked the Japanese government to resort to the gunboat diplomacy.
- 結果、必要物資の供給及び密貿易の停止が朝鮮側から宣言される事態となった。
- As a result Korea declared a suspension of the supply of necessary goods and illegal trades.
- すなわち批准の際、朝鮮国王の署名を要しないことを日本側に求めたのである。
- Namely, Korea required Japan not to demand the signature of the King of Korea at ratification.
- 3月1日から、左翼の第三軍と第二軍が奉天の側面から背後へ向けて前進した。
- From March 1st, the IJA Third Army and Second Army on the left wing advance to flank Russian positions in Fengtian.
- 中には旅行代理業者や案内業も現れ、寺社の側に歓楽街ができたところもある。
- Travel agencies and guides appeared, as well as pleasure quarters, which appeared near temples and shrines in some areas.
- この唐使を送るため、倭国側は守大石らの送唐客使(実質遣唐使)を派遣した。
- In order to send Ryutokuko back to Tang, Wakoku dispatched MORI no Oishi and others as the Japanese envoy to the Tang Dynasty.
- しかし陽明学はそのうちの倫理学及び方法論的側面の革新であったに過ぎない。
- On the other hand, Yomei-gaku reformed just the ethics and methodology sides of Shushigaku.
- そしてこの常高院は秀吉の側室になった淀殿より於江と仲が良かったのである。
- And this Jokoin was more friendly with Ogo than Yodo-dono who became a concubine of Hideyoshi.
- ただし、「日本は出来る限りの事をやった」と述べたアメリカ側の人物もいる。
- However, there were those who responded more positively, saying, 'Japan has done the best that it could.'
- ゆえに偽書であるか否かという議論に馴染まない側面があることも事実である。
- Therefore, it is true that there is an aspect that is not suited to the discussion of whether 'the Gospel according to Marco' reported Petro's discourse.
- しかし間もなく義持側近であった富樫満成に高雄 (京都市)で捕らえられた。
- However he was soon captured in Takao (Kyoto City) by Mitsunari TOGASHI, a close attendant to Yoshimochi.
- 全域が内陸性気候で、北部は日本海側気候、南部は瀬戸内海式気候を併せ持つ。
- The entire area of the prefecture has inland climate, and nothern area and southern area also have climate of Japan Sea area and Seto Inland Sea climate, respectively.
- 西側、太子町 (大阪府)付近は、「近つ飛鳥」(河内飛鳥)と呼ばれている。
- The area near Taishi-cho (Osaka Prefecture) on its west side is called 'Chikatsu Asuka' (Kawachiasuka).
- 阿蘇惟時は後醍醐天皇側の武将として箱根・竹ノ下の戦いに参戦したが敗れた。
- Koretoki ASO fought the Battle of Hakone and Takenoshita as busho (Japanese military commander) of the Emperor Godaigo's force, but was defeated.
- 正方形部の北東側の部分は北御門より大手御門までの間に御長屋になっていた。
- Onnagaya (long ridges consisting of dwelling units connected horizontally) continued from the Kitamikado to the Otte-mon Gate at the northeast part of the square shaped main area.
- 襲撃側のうち、最初に駕籠目掛けて斬り込んだ稲田重蔵は河西に斬り倒され即死。
- Juzo INADA, who was the first to attack the palanquin with a sword on the attacking side, was struck down by KAWANISHI and died immediately.
- これは近代日本初の海外出兵であったが、清側は直ちに抗議し撤兵を強く求めた。
- This is the first time for Japan to dispatch troops abroad in modern times, but the Quing dynasty immediately protested demanding the withdrawal of the troops.
- 一方日本海側では733年に出羽柵が現在の秋田市に移設された(後の秋田城)。
- On the Japan Sea side, Dewa no saku was relocated to the present Akita City (later Akita-jo Castle) in 733.
- 側用人…片岡高房(350石)、礒貝正久(150石)、田中貞四郎(150石)
- Lord chamberlains - Takafusa KATAOKA (350 koku), Masahisa ISOGAI (150 koku), Sadashiro TANAKA (150 koku)
- 幕府側はこの処置に不満であったが、12月には総督により撤兵令が発せられる。
- Although the bakufu side was not satisfied with this deal, the commander ordered the withdrawal of the troops in January 1864 (表記の変更).
- 近世の倭館交易では日本側は銀、硫黄、金、その他南方物産を朝鮮側に輸出した。
- In the Modern Period wakan trade, Japan exported silver, sulfur, gold, and other products of the south seas to Korea.
- 他の薩摩側出席者は、島津伊勢(諏訪甚六広兼)、桂久武、吉井友実、奈良原繁。
- Besides, there were some attendees from the Satsuma Domain, namely, Ise SHIMAZU (also called Jinroku Koken SUWA), Hisatake KATSURA, Tomozane YOSHII and Shigeru NARAHARA.
- この憲宗の態度に驚愕した藩鎮側も朝廷に対して恭順な態度をとるようになった。
- Startled by Xianzong's behavior, hanchin began to take a more submissive attitude toward the imperial court.
- だが興福寺側は源氏であって藤原氏ではない義満を放氏することが出来なかった。
- In spite of this, Kofuku-ji Temple could not purge Yoshimitsu, because he came from the Minamoto clan, not from the Fujiwara clan.
- そのため、荘園側は不入の宣旨を得て国衙からの介入の排除を図るようになった。
- Therefore, the shoen side obtained a decree of funyu no ken and tried to eliminate any intervention from the Kokuga.
- が、高野山側は懐に入った窮鳥はこれを追わずとして五人の引き渡しを拒否した。
- However, Koyasan told the messengers that the bird who rushed into its breast was not purged and rejected to hand them over.
- 雑賀側はゲリラ戦によって抵抗し、織田勢は近辺への放火や住民の殺害を行った。
- The Saiga side fought back with guerrilla warfare and the Oda army set afire and killed local people.
- 4月21日、攻城側は一気に決着をつけるべく、小西行長の水軍を堤防内に導く。
- On June 1, the besiegers made the navy of Yukinaga KONISHI enter the inside of the bank.
- 島津側では「討ち取った首は3万余、打ち捨てた死体数知れず」といわれている。
- According to the Shimazu side, they 'beheaded thirty-thousand heads and an unknown amount of people were killed and cast aside.'
- 1875年4月以降、日本側は朝鮮近海に軍艦を派遣し、軍事的示威行動を取った。
- From April of 1875, the Japanese dispatched warships to the seas near Korea, and exercised demonstrational actions.
- そもそも朝鮮側は、江華島事件に関する謝罪と賠償が交渉のテーマだと考えていた。
- Korea thought from the beginning that the theme of negotiations would be an apology and compensation for the Ganghwa Island incident.
- その後何度も国書を送ったが、朝鮮側はその都度受け取りを拒否した(書契問題)。
- After that, Japan sent them the letter with the sovereign's message again and again, but the Joseon Dynasty refused to receive on every occasion (it is called Shokei Mondai, the problem of letters.)
- 4回目の押出しでは、農民側と警察側が衝突して大勢の逮捕者が出た(川俣事件)。
- In the fourth Oshidashi (petition), the peasants and the police clashed and many peasants were arrested (Kawamata Incident).
- しかし、1902年、1904年に古河側は状況が変わったとして示談延長を停止。
- However, in 1902 and 1904, the Furukawa side did not make the renewal of the composition explaining that the conditions had changed.
- つまり日本側に与える経済的ダメージが少ないからこそ無関税を唱えたことになる。
- He meant that because there would be little economic damage to Japan he proposed not to impose the tax.
- ロシア側 黄海の制海権確保の前提に基づき、日本側の上陸を朝鮮半島南部と想定。
- Russia-side: Premised on their capability to maintain naval superiority on the Yellow Sea, Russia assumed that the Japanese would land their forces on the southern Korean Peninsula.
- この当時の記録は琉球側がまとめた『琉球王国評定所文書』に詳細に記されている。
- An account of those days is described in detail in the Kingdom's own 'Hyojosho Monjo (Written Record of Conference Chamber Proceedings) of the Ryukyu Kingdom.'
- それは、器財埴輪や家形埴輪が外側で方形を形作るように配列されるようになった。
- Kizai Haniwa and house-shaped Haniwa began to be arranged to shape a square in the surrounding of the tumulus.
- しかしこれは雄藩側も各藩の実務下級藩士勢力のクーデターという面を持っている。
- However, this war also had an aspect of a coup d'etat launched by the lower class samurai of each domain for Yuhan.
- 後醍醐は幕府に釈明して赦されたものの、側近の日野資朝は佐渡島へ流罪となった。
- Godaigo vindicated himself to the bakufu and was pardoned, but his close adviser Suketomo HINO was exiled to Sadoga-shima Island.
- またこのような史実を日本側が主張することで、韓国側に反発が起こることも多い。
- When the Japan side insists such historical facts, the Korea side often becomes hostile.
- 1510年には朝鮮側が制裁として貿易統制を加えたことによって三浦の乱が発生。
- In 1510, the Sanpo War erupted after the Korean Government imposed trading control as sanctions.
- 参考として、発生地側の新疆ウイグル自治区での砂塵嵐の日数を調べた統計がある。
- For a reference, on a kosa producing site, there is statistical data about the number of days when a sandstorm was generated in the Sinkiang Uigur Autonomous Region.
- 内陸性気候、それに併せて市南部は瀬戸内海式気候、市北部は日本海側気候を示す。
- It has Inland climate as well as Seto Inland Sea climate in the south and Japan Sea area climate in the north.
- 展望台からは、大阪府側は関西国際空港や、その向こうの淡路島も見える事がある。
- At the viewing platform, Kansai International Airport, followed by Awaji-shima Island on the Osaka Prefecture side could be clearly viewed.
- イメージ低下の直接的要因は、温泉街の南側の湖畔沿いに形成された風俗街である。
- The red-light area, built on the lakeside located on the south of the hot springs resort area, is the direct cause that damages the image of the resort area.
- 奈良県側の山麓に、生駒山の神を祀る往馬坐伊古麻都比古神社(往馬大社)がある。
- There is Ikomanimasuikomatsuhiko-jinja Shrine (Ikoma-taisha Shrine), where the God of Mt. Ikoma is worshipped, at the foot of Mt. Ikoma on the Nara Prefecture side.
- 京北町側では現国道からの分岐直後にゲートで封鎖されており通過は不可能である。
- On the Keihoku Town side the road is closed with a gate immediately after it branches off from the current national route so it is not possible to drive through.
- 東山区西側の平坦地の町名は、広域地名を冠称せず、単独の町名で表示されている。
- The town names of the flat lands in the western part of Higashiyama Ward are not prefixed by broader district names, but uses individual town names.
- 金堂の東側は国分寺の鎮守社である御霊神社 (加茂町)の境内地だったとされる。
- On the east side of Kon-do was the grounds of Goryo-jinja Shrine (in Kamo-cho), a Chinju-sha Shrine (a protecting shrine) of Kokubun-ji Temple.
- ここに至り、高台院の側近孝蔵主と高野山の木食応其の仲介による講和が成立する。
- Finally, a peace treaty was approved through the mediation of both Kozosu, a close aide of Kodaiin, and Mokujiki Ogo, a monk from Mt. Koya.
- そのため最終的には興福寺側からのどのような無理な要求でも罷り通ったのである。
- Therefore, Kofuku-ji Temple had its own way in the end, whatever unreasonable demands they might make.
- ところが郷安は氏郷存命中から豊臣秀吉の最側近である石田三成と誼を通じていた。
- On the other hand, Satoyasu befriended Mitsunari ISHIDA, who had been the close servant of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, when Ujisato was alive.
- 日清間で数年前に起きた台湾出兵の時の日本側の交渉姿勢が念頭にあったためである。
- That was because the Koreans were mindful of the attitude of Japan during the negotiation of the Taiwan expedition which had occurred between Japan and Ching several years before.
- 交渉の結果、官舎の設置や朝鮮内地の旅行は、朝鮮側の強い反対で日本側が撤回した。
- As a result of the negotiation, Japan withdrew the matters regarding establishment of the official residence and traveling inland in Korea, because of severe objection by Korea.
- そのため、西郷らは相楽総三ら浪士を集めて江戸に騒擾を起こし、幕府側を挑発した。
- Then, Saigo assembled rochi including Sozo SAGARA, provoking the bakufu.
- その後山内は土佐藩の軍勢を板垣退助に委ね、薩長側と同一歩調を取るようになった。
- Later Yamauchi left the army of his Tosa Domain to Taisuke ITAGAKI and acted in accordance with Satsuma and Choshu.
- また権利を求める側も自己への有利な取り計らいに期待してこれを積極的に献上した。
- At the same time, those asking for privileged rights willingly offered the reisen, expecting to receive favorable treatment.
- その国政改革を立案・推進したのが、後白河の側近である藤原通憲(信西)であった。
- The architect and driving force of these political reforms was Goshirakawa's right-hand man, FUJIWARA no Michinori (generally known as Shinzei).
- 武家と公家・寺家は支配者としての共通面、相互補完的な側面、対立する面があった。
- The warrior class, the nobility, and the religious orders ruled jointly, each both complementing and competing with the others in different ways.
- 太刀を従者にもたせるならば、左側に太刀の柄に手をかけすこし抜きかけて立たせる。
- If the long sword was then held by a retainer, the retainer was made to stand while his left hand was placed on the hilt of the long sword and slightly drew the sword.
- しかし、いずれも新政府側から他の諸藩と同格とは見なされず恩恵を得られなかった。
- However, they were not equally treated as some other domains, and did not receive any privilege.
- ところがこの最中、茂山に布陣していた柴田側の前田利家の軍勢が突如戦線離脱した。
- However, in midst of this fighting, the army led by Toshiie MAEDA on the Shibata side, deployed on Mt. Shige, abruptly left the front lines.
- そして全ての綴じ目に奉行の割印を押印した上で、領主側と村方に1冊ずつ保管した。
- Then, a magistrate affixed a seal on the seam in every page of the two kenchi-cho, and the feudal lord and the village each kept one.
- そうした花粉生産量の多いスギ林の面積は増え続けている(社会的側面の項を参照)。
- The area of such Japanese cedar forests consisting of trees producing large amounts of pollen continues to increase (refer to 'Social Aspects').
- すると、朝鮮としても日本側の状況を探りたい事情もあり使者を派遣した(賊探使)。
- The Joseon Dynasty sent their delegates partly because they wanted to find out what was going on in Japan (searching delegates).
- 日本側は少弐氏や大友氏をはじめ九州の御家人を中心として大宰府に集結しつつあった。
- In Japan, gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) were gathering in Dazai-fu, including the Shoni clan and Otomo clan, mainly those from Kyushu region.
- さらに、院司を含む中流貴族の中からは、治天の側近となって権勢をふるう者も現れた。
- Furthermore, some of middle-class nobles including Inshi became Chiten's aides and exercised influences.
- 県側は急遽浪人らを集め、見廻隊を結成して対応に当たったが、衝突には至らなかった。
- The Prefectural Office hastily mustered ronins (masterless samurai) to organize patrol squads in order to deal with the turmoil, but both sides never clashed.
- また、信長も別箇に開戦の経緯を知る近衛前久を派遣して本願寺側との妥協点を探った。
- Nobunaga also sent Sakihisa KONOE, who knew how this war had broken out, to look for a compromise with Hongan-ji Temple.
- アメリカ合衆国側は金貨、銀貨はそれぞれ同一質量をもって交換すべきあると主張した。
- The United States of America insisted that equivalent weights of gold coins and equivalent weights of silver coins should be exchanged.
- 鎌倉時代に入ると、幕府や武士の側から荘園領主を一括して本所と呼ぶ例が増えてくる。
- In the Kamakura period, there were more cases in which lords of a manor were collectively called honjo by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) or samurai.
- 1998年2月1日までは山添村の大半とともに郵便番号が三重県側の518~だった。
- Until February 1, 1998, together with the most part of Yamazoe Village, the zip code was the number that begins with 518, which indicates that it belongs to Mie Prefecture.
- 蛤御門は現在の京都御苑の西側に位置し、天明の大火以前は新在家御門と呼ばれていた。
- The Hamaguri Gate is located on the west side of the modern-day Imperial gardens in Kyoto; before the Great Tenmei fire, it was known as the Shinzaike Gate
- この件が興福寺・春日大社側の打撃となり、以後の神木動座は平等院までに留められた。
- This was a setback for Kofuku-ji Temple and Kasuga-taisha Shrine, and thereafter, Shinboku was moved at most to Byodo-in Temple.
- 高野山側の記録よりもかなり小規模な形で戦いがあったとするのが妥当ではなかろうか。
- It might be reasonable to consider that there was a much smaller battle than that on the record of Koyasan.
- 一方朝鮮側は1876年5月、答礼使節として両班を成員とする修信使を日本に派遣した。
- In May 1876, Korea dispatched to Japan the training delegates whose members were yangban (traditional ruling class or nobles of dynastic Korea during the Joseon Dynasty) as a return salute envoy.
- ちなみに、昭和天皇はこの時、「機関説で良いではないか」と側近に漏らしていたという。
- By the way, in the middle of the incident, the Emperor Showa said to his close aide, 'the organ theory is no problem.'
- この間ロシア側の移住と開発の速度は日本側を上回り、さらに日本人との紛争が頻発した。
- During this period the speed of migration and development of Russia exceeded the Japan side, and also disputes with Japanese people occurred frequently.
- また、この事件には道鏡側よりも宇佐八幡宮側の事情が強く関わっているという説もある。
- Some advocate that Usa Hachiman-gu Shrine side is strongly involved in this incident rather than the Dokyo side.
- この場合、旧国名の一字を取ったものが多く、旧国名の方が冠する側になったものもある。
- In these cases many municipalities took one character from an old provincial name; also there were cases in which an old provincial name was prefixed the name of municipalities.
- 江戸時代には釜山広域市に限定され、日本側は対馬府中藩が朝鮮との外交、通商を行った。
- In the Edo period, Wakan was restricted to only Busan Metropolitan City, where the Tsushima-fuchu Domain of Japan conducted diplomacy and commerce with Korean side.
- 旧道側の峠には金比羅大権現の石碑が建っており、峠の歴史を後に示すものとなっている。
- On the old road side of the pass, there is a stone monument of Konpira Daigongen (the Great Kumbhira Avatar), which passes down the history of the pass.
- 奈良きたまち (なら-)は、奈良県奈良市のならまちより北側の古い市街地を指す地域。
- Nara Kitamachi is the area which refers to the old urban district to the north of Naramachi in Nara City, Nara Prefecture.
- 京都銀座では常是屋敷は両替町御池の北東側角にあり、銀座役所はその北側に隣接していた。
- In Kyoto-ginza, the Jouze estate is located at the northeastern corner of Ryogaecho-oike, with the ginza office adjoining it to the north.
- なお、「はくすき」は当時の地名の「白村」の百済語発音を日本側が聞き取ったものである。
- The reading of 'Hakusuki' was picked up by the Japanese from hearing the Kudara people pronounce '白村,' which was the area name at that time in the Kudara language.
- 将軍・徳川慶喜の代には奏者番に任じられて将軍側近となり、佐幕派としての立場を貫いた。
- Under the rule of Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA Taneki, appointed as soshaban (officer telling shogun about daimyo who came for greetings), became a close adviser of shogun, and he held onto his standpoint as Sabaku-ha (supporters of the shogun).
- また、実務面でもその身分の種別数が少ない方が事務処理に便利であるという側面もあった。
- And their less variety of social status was functional with regard to office work matter of fact.
- 一方、朝廷・公家側も室町幕府に対して民衆の要求を拒絶するように政治工作を繰り返した。
- On the other hand, the Imperial Court and nobles repeated political measures to have the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) reject the people's demands.
- 義輝側は事前に館を修築するなど、三好勢の襲撃に備えていたが、所詮多勢に無勢であった。
- Yoshiteru and his aides had prepared against the Miyoshi troops' raid by repairing the palace building in advance, but were overwhelmed by superior numbers.
- 1331年(元弘元年)8月、後醍醐の側近である吉田定房が六波羅探題に倒幕計画を密告。
- In August 1331, Godaigo's close adviser Sadafusa YOSHIDA informed Rokuhara Tandai of the plan to overthrow the bakufu.
- なお、この際にも対馬藩側は李氏朝鮮に対して中国産の木綿を輸出を依頼し、成功している。
- In this case, the Tsushima Domain successfully requested Yi Dynasty Korea to export China-made cotton.
- また、黄砂とは別の問題である大気汚染などが、黄砂の悪影響を増大させている側面もある。
- There is also the aspect that air pollution, not directly related to kosa, has increased bad effects of kosa.
- 山脈を隔てて東側となる東日本や太平洋側、内陸部では観測数は少ないが、時々観測される。
- In the eastern part of Japan, on the Pacific Ocean side and in the inner areas, located across mountain ranges, kosa is sometimes observed though not so often.
- 大阪府側山麓から山頂付近までを結ぶ金剛山ロープウェイは、日本で唯一の村営索道である。
- Kongo-san Ropeway which connects the point in the foot of a mountain in Osaka Prefecture side and the mountaintop, is the only cable way operated by a village in Japan.
- 場所は、大田神社南交差点を南に、一筋目の道を西に入った北側の住宅(上賀茂竹ヶ鼻町)。
- It stands in a residence (Kamigamo-takegahara-cho) located at the northern side of the road which is to the south of Ota-jinja-minami Intersection, then to the west at the first corner.
- 山手の織田勢は信達から風吹峠を越えて根来に進み、紀ノ川を渡って東側から雑賀に迫った。
- The Oda army of the mountain side went to Negoro over the Kazefuki Pass from Shidachi, crossed the Kino-kawa River and faced Saiga from the east side.
- その際、倭館をも朝鮮側の承諾無しに接収し日本公館としたことから事態が悪化したのである。
- At that time Japan took over the Japanese consular office in Busan without the consent of Korea and changed it to the diplomatic establishment of Japan, to cause the situation to worsen.
- しかし、織田側後詰として横山城の抑えについていた稲葉良通らが援軍にかけつけ危機を救う。
- However, Yoshimichi INABA, who surrounded Yokoyama-jo Castle as a Oda's rear guard, and other warriors rushed to help save them from the crisis.
- 午前2時に、清国兵の襲撃により松崎直臣陸軍歩兵大尉ほかが戦死する(日本側初の戦死者)。
- At 2 AM, a sudden attack of Qing soldiers killed Japanese soldiers including Naomi MATSUZAKI, Infantry Captain (the first war deaths on the Japanese side).
- また、絶対君主制(ツァーリズム)を続ける国に対する立憲君主国の勝利という側面もあった。
- Furthermore, the Russo-Japanese War could also be viewed as a victory of a constitutional monarchy over an absolute monarchy (czarism).
- また陽明学の個性尊重の側面を受け継ぎ、「自治・自立・自主」に重きを置いた学説を説いた。
- He adopted the aspect of respecting individuality advocated in Yomeigaku, and advocated a theory emphasizing 'autonomy, self-reliance, and independence.'
- なお、天皇の側近たる侍従及び天皇の警護を行う内舎人は帯剣することを義務付けられていた。
- Meanwhile, the Udoneri guarding the Emperor and the Jiju, attendants of the Emperor, was obliged to wear a sword.
- しかし沖縄や清国といった抗議する側が反差別主義的であったかというと、実はそうではない。
- However, those who opposed, such as in Okinawa and Qing, were not anti-discriminatory, as a matter of fact.
- 1900年に立憲政友会を旗揚げして政府の内側から超然主義を否定する動きに出たのである。
- In 1900, he established the Rikken Seiyukai party to start denying transcendentalism within the government.
- 大友側は敗れ、勝った大海人皇子は皇位継承し天武天皇となり飛鳥に飛鳥浄御原宮を造営した。
- The OTOMO side was defeated while Prince Oama, who won the battle, ascended the throne to become Emperor Tenmu and built Asuka Kiyomigahara no miya Imperial residence in Asuka.
- 慶応3年(1867年)大政奉還の後は譜代筆頭にもかかわらず新政府側に藩論を転向させた。
- After Taisei Hokan (transfer of power back to the Emperor) in 1867, Naonori converted the opinion of domain people into the new government side even though he was fudai hitto (head of fudai daimyo.)
- だが後醍醐は、処分を免れた側近の日野俊基や真言宗密教の僧文観らと再び倒幕計画を進めた。
- Godaigo resumed his plan to overthrow the Kamakura bakufu with his close adviser Toshimoto HINO, who had been exempted from punishment, and a monk called Monkan from the Shingon-shu sect of Tantric Buddhism.
- しかし後漢の興平元年に甘粛省側の4郡を分割して雍州とし、陝西省側をそのまま涼州とした。
- In 194 of the Later Han Dynasty, however, four countries of Gansu Province side were separated and named Yong Zhou, while the Shan Xi Province was continuously called Liang Zhou.
- 分かれた亜熱帯ジェット気流のうち、北側の分流は、樺太付近で寒帯ジェット気流と合流する。
- From divided subtropical jet streams, the northern split flow joins together with the polar jet stream in the vicinity of Sakhalin.
- 井伊家の側は直弼以外に8人が死亡(即死者4人、後に死亡した者4人)し、13人が負傷した。
- From the Ii family, eight people died in addition to Naosuke (four died immediately while another four died later), and 13 people were injured.
- 朝鮮側の雇用が前提とはいえ、日本の商船が開港地以外での沿岸貿易が許される余地があること。
- Although the employment of Korean people was a prerequisite condition, it was possible for the Japanese merchant ships to exercise coastal trade at places other than the cities where ports were opened.
- 1987年1月、西山正彦と今川正彦の和解交渉の会話を録音したテープが寺側から公表された。
- January 1987: A recording of the settlement talks between Masahiko NISHIYAMA and Masahiko IMAGAWA was made public by the Buddhist organization.
- 大名側もこうした宣教師から得られる利益をより多く得ようと、入信して歓心を買った者もいた。
- Among the daimyo, there were some who professed their faith in Christianity in order to curry favor with the missionaries, hoping to get more such benefits from them.
- また、外側の5つの三角形が星の光彩を連想させる事から、星を表す記号としてよく用いられる。
- Further, it is often used as a mark representing a star, because the outer five triangles are associated with the glitter of a star.
- 院近臣(いんのきんしん、院の近臣)とは、院政を行う治天の君の側近及びその集団の事を指す。
- In no Kinshin refers to the close associates or the group of close associates of Chiten no kimi (the retired emperor in power) who carried out Insei (rule by the retired emperor.)
- その中心建物である大極殿は740年の遷都の際に取り壊され、後に旧位置の東側に再建された。
- The central building known as Daigokuden was demolished when relocating the capital in 740, and later reconstructed on the east side of the original location.
- その後外国人人口がさらに増加したので、1867年には南側に山手 (横浜市)も増設された。
- The population of foreigners in the settlement continued to expand in later years, leading to the additional establishment of Yamate (today part of Yokohama city) to the south in 1867.
- 6月29日に朝鮮側は宗氏に対して対馬の属州化などを要求する使者を送るが宗氏に拒絶された。
- On June 29, an envoy from the Korean forces was sent to the So clan demanding among other things that they agree to convert Tsushima into a vassal state of Korea, but the So clan refused.
- 国交回復を確実なものとするために対馬藩は国書の偽造まで行い、朝鮮側使者も偽造を黙認した。
- To make sure the restoration of diplomatic relations, the Tshushima Domain forged even sovereign's message, and the envoy on the Korean side approved the message, even though knowing that it was forged one.
- いわゆる温泉街は無く、町の中を大峯山への参道が通り、両側に2階建の旅館が立ち並んでいる。
- There isn't so-called hot spring town across the town, but there is a sando (an approach to a shrine) leading to Omine mountain range, and two storied Japanese Inns are lined along the both sides of sando.
- しかし京都市内側は家屋が道路ぎりぎりに立っているので、それまでの道路幅より若干狭くなる。
- However the section of the road adjacent to Kyoto City center has houses built right up to the side of the road, so the road here is slightly narrower than the previous section.
- そのチベット高原の南側、インド~フィリピンにかけての上空を、亜熱帯ジェット気流が流れる。
- Subtropical jet stream flows in the sky of between India and Philippines to the south of Tibetan Plateau.
- ただし道路地図などでは新たに作られた江文峠バイパス側を峠として記載されているものもある。
- On the road map, the side of Ebumi-toge Bypass which is newly built is often described as Ebumi-toge Pass.
- 反側藩鎮として長い歴史と強大を誇った平盧が滅ぼされたことに藩鎮側は更に強い衝撃を受けた。
- Pinglu had a long history and power as a hansoku hanchin, and the destruction of Pinglu greatly shocked the rest of the hanchin.
- しかし、国司の交替による方針変更や境相論の相手側の工作によって引き抜かれる場合もあった。
- However, it was sometimes pulled out due to the policy change arising from the change of kokushi (provincial governor) or a backroom maneuver by a counterparty of boundary dispute.
- 3日、今度は岸和田勢が紀州側の五か所の付城を攻め、これを守る泉南の地侍らと激戦となった。
- On the 15th, the Kishiwada army attacked the five branch castles of the Kishu side and fought fiercely with jizamurai who guarded them.
- これは日本側の勧めによるもので、開化途上にある日本の現状を視察するのが本当の目的であった。
- Japan advised to do so, and the real purpose of the dispatch was to inspect the present state of Japan on the way to civilization.
- 他方、清国側には、「済遠」が大破し、「操江」は「秋津洲」に鹵獲され、「広乙」も破壊された。
- The Qing had 'Tsi yuen' severely damaged, the 'Tsao-kiang' seized by the 'Akitsushima,' and the 'Guangyi' destroyed.
- 評定衆の教時は将軍宗尊親王の側近でもあり、親王が追放された際には警戒されていたと言われる。
- As Noritoki, who was a hyojoshu, was a close adviser to Shogun, Imperial Prince Munetaka, it is said he was being watched out, when the Imperial Prince was banished.
- 朝鮮に於ける本貫や族譜の役割は、両班が自らの家系の正統性や優秀性を証明する為の側面もある。
- One of the roles of hongan or zokufu in Korea is for Yangban (traditional ruling class or nobles of dynastic Korea during the Joseon Dynasty) to prove the legitimacy and quality of their family lines.
- 塔の東西にも金堂が置かれ、中門から出ている回廊はその外側を通って、金堂の背後で閉じている。
- It had two additional kondo situated to the east and west of the pagoda, with a corridor from the Chumon Gate that went around them and converged behind the kondo.
- この問答を聞いていた広嗣軍の隼人3人が河に飛び込んで官軍側へ渡り、官軍の隼人が助け上げた。
- On hearing this, three soldiers of Hayato of the Hirotsugu army jumped into the river, crossed the river to the side of the government army, and were helped by Hayato of the government army.
- 「えみし」は朝廷側からの他称であり、蝦夷側の民族集団としての自覚の有無に触れた史料はない。
- 'Emishi' is an appellation that was used by the Imperial Court, but there are no recorded documents mentioning their awareness of the presence or absence of an ethnic group as 'Emishi.'
- これに対して朝鮮側は強硬に退去を要求し、日朝間の外交問題に発展、日本では征韓論が台頭した。
- In response, the Korean government adamantly demanded Japanese withdrawal, which subsequently escalated into a diplomatic problem between Japan and Korea, leading to the rise of Seikanron (debate on subjugation of Korea) in Japan.
- もっとも風俗街の所在は雄琴港より南側のごく一部の地域であり、温泉街と混同されることはない。
- The location of the red-light area is limited to a small area on the south of Ogoto Port, thus it will not be mixed up with the resort area.
- 北朝(ほくちょう)とは、朝廷・王朝・国家などが南北に別れたとき、北側に所在するもののこと。
- The term 'Northern Court' (hokucho in Japanese) describes the Japanese Imperial Court, dynasty, and government that broke off from the Southern Court and was located geographically north of its southern rival at Yoshino.
- 5月2日の会談で、長岡藩は武装中立の姿勢と会津説得の猶予を嘆願したが新政府側はこれを拒否。
- In a conference on June 21, the Nagaoka domain petitioned for a stance of armed neutrality and an extension of time to persuade the Aizu Domain, and yet the new government rejected them.
- 封建領主側は検地帳に記された村の石高の集計(村高)を元にして年貢・諸役を賦課した(村請)。
- Based on 'muradaka' (the total yield of a village) written on kenchi-cho, the feudal lord imposed 'nengu' (land tax) and 'shoyaku' (miscellaneous taxes other than nengu) on villagers as a whole, which was called 'murauke' (the village-wide, collective responsibility for tax payment).
- 十河側の先鋒が川を渡り始めるや長宗我部勢はあらかじめ上流の川をせき止めておいた堰を切った。
- As soon as the van of the Sogo force crossed the river, the Chosokabe force broke the dam, which they already had built to stop the flow upstream.
- 朝鮮側は朝鮮銅貨である常平銭を日本人が使用することを禁じようとしたが、日本側に押し切られた。
- Korea tried to prohibit use of the Korean copper coin called Sangpyeong Tongbo by Japanese people, but it failed because of opposition from Japan.
- この琉球問題の決裂と日本の台湾への野心の疑いから清側ではこの後対日強硬論が唱えられるに至る。
- This breakdown in negotiations over the Ryukyu issue and the suspected ambition of Japan to rule Taiwan caused opinions supporting a hard-line policy against Japan.to increase in Qing.
- 内側に生じる小さな正五角形を取り除いた形(☆:五光星)もしばしば五芒星と呼ばれることがある。
- The shape without the inner small regular pentagon (five-pointed star) is often called Gobosei.
- 主として歴史学において(つまりはその文献の史的側面が問題とされる場合に)用いられる語である。
- Gisho are words used mainly for historical learning (that is, in cases where historical aspects are called into question).
- 炉は、古墳時代前期まで続くが、古墳時代中期になると北側や東側の壁に竃を設ける住居が出現する。
- Fireplaces continued to be used until the first half of the Kofun period but saw change with the introduction of the 'kamado' stove built on the northern or eastern wall of the dwelling by the middle of the period.
- 後期になると、地域によっては「柄鏡型」とよばれる入り口部分を外側に張り出した住居が出現する。
- By the latter half of the period, dwellings with entrances that protruded outward, known as the 'ekagami' type, began to appear in some regions.
- この喜多見をはじめとする側用人たちが法令のそもそもの意味を歪めて発令したと主張する者もいる。
- Some people insist that lord chamberlains including Kitami issued ordinances distorting the spirit of the law.
- 神道側の解釈として金毘羅大権現は大物主とも牛頭天王(スサノオ)とも、また崇徳天皇ともされた。
- The understanding in Shinto is that Konpira Daigongen is Omono nushi (a Japanese ancient god), Susanoo or Emperor Sutoku.
- この提案は吉田寮側の事情もあり一度は断られたが、学生センターはこの事案を実質水面下で進めた。
- Although the above proposal was once declined by Yoshida dormitory, the student center pressed forward with this case behind closed doors.
- 夏虫山の側面を巻きつつ進むと、「かうやより くま乃みち」と刻まれた名号本尊碑の道標に出会う。
- The road goes around the side of Mt. Natsumushi to a guidepost, one of Myogo Honzon Monument, on which engraved as 'Kumano Road from Koya.'
- また、池田隊に続くように丹羽隊・信孝隊も一斉に押し寄せ光秀本隊の側面を突くような形となった。
- Furthermore, as if to follow Ikeda's corps, Niwa's and Nobutaka's staged an all-out attack and assaulted the flank of Mitsuhide's core unit.
- このとき朝廷側の交渉前面に登場したのは、権大納言でもあった室町幕府征夷大将軍足利義満である。
- In this case, the negotiations' director on the side of the court was Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, who occupied the position of 'seii taishogun' (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') in Muromachi bakufu and also the position of 'Gon Dainagon' (Provisional Major Counselor) in court.
- 西側には比叡山の山脈があり、東側は琵琶湖に面していることから、天然の要害を具えた地であった。
- As the place faces the mountain range in the west that Mt. Hiei belongs to and Lake Biwa in the east, it was a natural fort.
- 発掘調査が終了した南側遺構には1995年に鴻臚館跡展示館が建てられ、現物展示がなされている。
- Excavated articles are kept in the exhibition pavilion that was built in 1995 at the south part of the Korokan remnants where excavation had already been finished.
- 朝業は、堀江山城の山続きの北側500mほどの山頂に新たに川崎城 (下野国)を築き居城とする。
- Tomonari built Kawasaki-jo Castle (Shimotsuke Province) on the mountaintop approximately 500 meters north along the mountainous line of Horieyama-jo Castle.
- つまり、信長側は無防備に近い鉄砲隊を主力としてこれを守り、武田の騎馬隊を迎え撃つ戦術をとった。
- In other words, Nobunaga's military strategy was to protect the almost defenceless teppo units that functioned as his main force in the battle against the Takeda cavalry.
- 遅まきながら、関税自主権回復の必要性を悟った朝鮮側は、まず自国の在釜山商人に税を課しはじめた。
- Though it was rather too late, Korea realized the necessity of recovery of tariff autonomy, and started to impose tax to the merchants living in Busan.
- ロシア側にとって、この通告がいかに突然であったかを知るには、ローゼン公使の対応を見てもわかる。
- How the notification caught Russia off-guard is visible in the response of Minister Rosen.
- 先鋒の朝倉景鏡を押し返すなど健闘を見せるが、浅井対馬・玄蕃の2千に側面から攻撃を仕掛けられる。
- Although Yoshinari's forces fought bravely by pushing back Kageakira ASAKURA who led the allied forces, they were attacked on the flank by 2,000 soldiers from the Genba and Tsushima ASAI armies.
- この三浦の乱は結局、朝鮮側の武力によって鎮圧され、三浦倭館は閉鎖されたが、後に一部再開された。
- The insurgence, called the Sanpo War, was eventually suppressed by the Korean army and Sanpo Wakan was closed, part of which was resumed afterward.
- ただし、この抗争は大内氏などを主体とする地方勢力が足利氏を利用して中央介入を試みた側面が強い。
- However, it seems that these struggles were caused by the local power mainly consisting of the Ouchi clan that used the Ashikaga clan to interfere with political affairs in the central government.
- これに対し、高野山側は領内の僧兵や地侍に諸国の浪人を加え、合計三万六千余の軍勢を集めたとする。
- On the other hand, the Koyasan side gathered more than 36,000 troops in total with armed priests and jizamurai in the territory and ronin (masterless samurai).
- しかし、いずれにしても日本側の感情を逆撫でする効果は十分にあり、「征韓論」が巻き起こるに至った。
- However, these Toraifu's dealings had enough effect to stroke Japan's fur the wrong way, and it brought 'Seikanron' (insistence on making Korea open to the world by military power) in Japan.
- また、この交渉過程で、1953年に土地改良資金を提供したときに、永久示談を行ったと古河側は主張。
- Moreover, in the negotiation process, the Furukawa side insisted that in 1953 when they had paid for the land improvement, they had made a final composition with the condition that the victims abandoned every right to demand money after that.
- 6月11日には毛里田村の農民らが足尾を訪れるが、古河側は自身に責任はないという主張を繰り返した。
- On June 11, the peasants of Morita Village visited Ashio, however the Furukawa side just repeatedly disclaimed any responsibility for the damages.
- そのため、ロシア兵側では降伏することを「マツヤマ、マツヤマ」と勘違いしたというエピソードもある。
- There was an episode in which Russian soldiers mistook 'Matsuyama, Matsuyama' to mean surrender.
- 貞盛は陸奥国へ逃れようとするが、将門側に追いまわされ、以後、東国を流浪することを余儀なくされる。
- Sadamori tried to escape to Mutsu Province, but was chased by Masakado and forced to continue wandering in Togoku.
- 備前側では、家老日置が藩兵隊に射撃中止・撤退を命令、お互いに死者も無く負傷者もほとんど無かった。
- HEKI, Karo of Bizen, ordered the troops to stop firing and withdraw, so that no one died and very few people were injured in both sides.
- これに酒屋側が反発すると、幕府は兵を動員して「麹室」と呼ばれる酒屋付属の麹工房を悉く打ち壊した。
- When the sakayas opposed this, the bakufu mobilized an army to destroy every koji factory called 'koji muro' attached to the sakaya.
- 7桁化に際して普通郵便局が四日市西郵便局から奈良中央郵便局へ移管され奈良県側の630~となった。
- Before zip code was changed to be a 7-digit number, its common post office was transferred from Yokkaichi-Nishi Post Office to Nara Central Post Office, and its zip code turned out to be the number that begins with 630, which indicates it belongs to Nara Prefecture.
- 小町大路は筋替橋から材木座までの由緒ある大路で、その両側には幕府高官・御家人の屋敷が並んでいた。
- The Komachi-oji Street extending from Sujikae-bashi Bridge and Zaimokuza is a historic street that was once lined with mansions of high ranking officials of the bakufu and gokenin (immediate vassals of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods).
- 上賀茂(かみがも)とは京都府京都市北区 (京都市)の賀茂川の東側から左京区にかけての地域の名称。
- Kamigamo is the area from the eastern side of the Kamo-gawa River in Kita Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture to Sakyo Ward.
- しかし国書の中に「皇」や「奉勅」といったことばが使用されていたために、朝鮮側は受け取りを拒否した。
- However, the Korean side refused to receive the sovereign's message because it used the words 'imperial' and 'imperial order.'
- 『元史』「日本伝」は元側の記録であり、自分達で矢が尽きたと記録しているため信憑性は高いと見られる。
- The Yuan Dynasty itself recorded in 'Nihon Den' of 'Genshi' that arrows had run short, and therefore it is considered highly reliable.
- 当時の日本では、外国人に対する治外法権があり、日本側で裁判を行うことができなかった(領事裁判権)。
- Japan itself could not bring them to court for trial at that time because certain foreigners were enjoying extraterritorial rights in Japan (what is formally known as consular jurisdiction).
- 日本側は当初、朝鮮政府による謝罪と遺族への扶助料、犯人の処罰、巨済島または鬱陵島の割譲を要求した。
- The Japanese government at first requested that the Korean government make an apology, give grants to the families of the dead, punish the culprits, and cede either Geoje Island or Ulleungdo Island.
- しかし、1900年に治安警察法が施行されると、各組合の財政難、使用者側の反撃とあいまって衰退した。
- However, when the Security Police Law was enforced in 1900, it declined together with the unions' economic difficulties and employers' countercharge.
- これに伴い、朝鮮からの来書にも将軍を日本国王と称したが、日本側では、「日本国源某」の称号を用いた。
- In association with the above, letters from Korea called the shogun the king of Japan, while the Japanese side used the title of 'Somebody of the Minamoto clan, the king of Japan.'
- ちなみにこの本多氏は、徳川四天王で有名な本多忠勝や徳川家康側近の本多正信らとは何の血縁関係もない。
- There was no blood relationship between this Honda clan and Tadakatsu HONDA, who is known as one of Tokugawa-shitenno (four generals serving Ieyasu TOKUGAWA), or Masanobu HONDA, a close aide of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA.
- その意味では新潟県側の一揆のみを「悌輔騒動」と呼ぶべきであろうが、事件の性質から合わせて記述する。
- In that respect, only an uprising in Niigata should be called 'Teisuke turmoil', but considering the characteristics of these two incidents, they will be described in this article together.
- そのため、鎌倉側の勝利は必ずしも源義経の将としての能力などだけに起因しているのではないとしている。
- In consideration, it was not necessary to think that the talents of MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune as the commander was the sole cause in the victory of the Kamakura (Minamoto) side.
- 文禄元年(1592年)には江戸城改築にともない、当時あった6組の屋敷地を江戸城北西側に設けている。
- In 1592, with the reconstruction of Edo Castle, the six residences were moved from the previous places and situated in the east side of Edo Castle.
- これによって武力衝突に発展して死者も出した上、北野社一帯が炎上したが幕府側が付近の制圧に成功した。
- This lead to an armed conflict leaving some dead, and the area around Kitano-sha Shrine burnt, but the bakufu successfully conquered the surrounding area.
- また朝鮮側が厳禁していた朝鮮人参の種が密かに日本に持ち出され、日本国内でも朝鮮人参栽培に成功した。
- Also, Asian ginseng seeds, strictly prohibited by the Korean government, were secretly brought to Japan, resulting in the success of cultivation of Asian ginseng in Japan.
- 日本海側で豪雨になりやすいのが、日本海南部に停滞する梅雨前線付近を低気圧が東に進むパターンである。
- The pattern in which low-pressure system advances to the east in the vicinity of the baiu front which is stationary in the south Japan Sea tends to cause torrential rain on the Japan Sea side.
- 当時の人々は、治天の君をはじめとする朝廷側の上皇・天皇・諸臣が処罰される事態に大きな衝撃を受けた。
- People of the time were greatly shocked by the state of affairs in which the retired emperor, the emperor and the retainers of the imperial faction, including Chiten no kimi, were punished.
- 断絶していた李氏朝鮮との国交を回復すべく、日本側から朝鮮側に通信使の派遣を打診したことにはじまる。
- It began with the approach to restore diplomatic relations with the Yi Dynasty in Korea from Japan to Korea for sounding out the dispatch of Tsushinshi (Emissary).
- 特に陰陽では相反する要素と考える男女の関係性などを含む様々な側面でも利用されたことは想像に難くない。
- Especially in the philosophy of Onmyo, it is not hard to imagine that term was applied to various aspects of things including the relationship between men and women, which are considered to be of opposite elements.
- そのため朝鮮人ともめ事を起こすことになっていくが、当然、対馬商人たちは日本側が引き取り裁判を行った。
- The merchants in Tsushima began to cause troubles with Korean people, but naturally they were taken in and tried by the Japanese court.
- この条文前半は、三条太政大臣が譲歩すべきではないとした訓示の一つであったが、朝鮮側の反対はなかった。
- The first half of this provision was one of the instructions given by the Grand Minister Sanjo who insisted not to compromise, but Korea did not oppose it.
- 片岡源五右衛門、礒貝十郎左衛門、田中貞四郎ら浅野内匠頭の寵愛を受けた側近達も同様に仇討ちを主張した。
- People who called for revenge also included Gengoemon KATAOKA, Jurozaemon ISOGAI, and Sadashiro TANAKA, who worked very closely for Asano Takumi no Kami and received a lot of favors from him.
- 朝貢国が政治的に中国に従属している度合いはきわめて多様であり、多くの場合は朝貢貿易の側面が強かった。
- The degree to which tributary countries politically depended on China greatly varied, and in many cases, tributary trading was a principal duty in the system.
- 訳:大名、近習(将軍の側近の武士)、物頭(常備兵の隊長)は、幕府の許可無く勝手に結婚してはならない。
- Translation: Daimyo, kinju (samurai who were close advisers to the shogun) and Monogashira are not allowed to marry without the permission of the bakufu.
- 菱沼一憲によると、義経側から多くの情報が外部に流れたため、この名称で呼ばれるようになったのだという。
- According to Kazunori HISHINUMA, the Minamoto clan side leaked lots of information to the outside, so people started to refer to this battle as 'The Battle of Ichinotani.'
- 第二次の長州征討は第二次幕長戦争とも、また幕府軍が4方から攻めたため、長州側では四境戦争と呼ばれる。
- The second Choshu Conquest is also known as the second Bakucho War (Bakufu-Choshu War), or if it is viewed from the Choshu side, it is called Shikyo War (Four Borders War), as the bakufu army attacked Choshu from four directions.
- ところが、この事態に後水尾法皇の側近であった左大臣近衛基熙と権大納言中院通茂が天皇に激しく抗議した。
- However, this situation invited strong protests to the Emperor by Sadaijin (Minister of the Left) Motohiro KONOE and Gondainagon (Junior Chief of the Councilor of State) Michishige NAKANOIN, both close aides to Cloistered Emperor Gomizunoo.
- 当然、本所側は反発し、中央政府と幕府の調整の結果、地頭の設置は平氏没官領と謀反人領のみに限定された。
- Naturally the honjo side objected to this and as the result of negotiation between the central government and the bakufu, the set up of jito was limited only to Heishi mokkanryo (land rights confiscated by the Kamakura bakufu from the Taira family) and muhonninryo (land rights confiscated by the Kamakura bakufu from rebels).
- 古くから、二上山の水を農業に使っている大和国側の村人が、春に「岳のぼり」と称し、二上山に登っていた。
- Village people in Yamato Province who had used the water from Mt. Nijo for agriculture since ancient times climbed Mt. Nijo in the spring, which is referred to as 'Okanobori.'
- 光秀軍は最後の手段で隣接の近衛前久邸の屋根から丸見えの二条御所を銃矢でねらい打ち、側近を殆ど倒した。
- As a last resort, Mitsuhide's troop shot the Nijo Gosho with guns and bows and arrows from the roof of neighboring Sakihisa KONOE's mansion from which they could see the inside of the Nijo Gosho very well and killed almost all of attendants.
- これら唐側の統治の緩みと同時に、突厥・吐蕃・契丹といった周辺諸民族の方でも勃興の動きが活発になった。
- With the loosening of the Tang Dynasty's reign, various ethnic groups, such as Tokketsu, Toban and Khitan in the neighboring regions actively began their movements to rise.
- その後、反乱軍側の内部分裂と顔真卿・顔杲卿たちに代表される勤皇軍の奮戦・ウイグルの援兵などがあった。
- Later, there was a series of unrest, such as the internal rift within the rebel army, struggle by the imperial army represented by Shinkei GAN and Kokei GAN, as well as reinforcement troops sent from the Uighurs.
- 彼らから確実に収取するためにも、在家制度が導入されたのである(反対に荘園側でも同様の賦課を行った)。
- One of the purposes of introducing the zaike system was to make sure of those farmers' tax payment, and similar tax imposition was begun in the shoen.
- 鎌倉幕府法では禁圧対象となっている「夜討ち」と呼ばれる行為だが、弘安の役では幕府側が積極的に活用した。
- It was called 'attack in the night' and prohibited under the laws of Kamakura bakufu, but in Koan no Eki, bakufu proactively used this method.
- まず随行兵士の人数や武器携帯をめぐって、本交渉の前に協議されたが、日本側は朝鮮側の抗議を一蹴している。
- First of all, before starting negotiations, the number of soldiers and carrying arms were talked about, but the Japanese refused the protests of Korea.
- 砲艦外交や米価騰貴、領事裁判権などいくつもの要因が重複して、朝鮮側の日本への悪感情を蓄積させていった。
- By the gunboat diplomacy, the soaring price of rice, consular jurisdiction, and other factors overlapping, the bad feelings against Japan had been accumulated in Korea.
- この根城坂は高城の南側に位置する坂で、島津軍が高城を救援するなら絶対に通らないといけないルートだった。
- Nejirozaka was a slope on the south of Taka-jo Castle, which was the only route for the Shimazu army to relieve Taka-jo Castle.
- 困窮した零細農民の土地を集積するなど地主的な側面の強くなる近世後期には後者の面を持つものが多くなった。
- In a second half of the early-modern times, as headmen (naushi or shoya) accumulated lands of impoverished petty peasants, their landowner-like character grew, and those with the latter aspcet increased.
- 承久の乱で幕府側として活躍した諏訪部助長は承久3年(1221年)に三刀屋郷の地頭職を与えられ下向した。
- Sukenaga SUWABE, who worked hard in the Jokyu War on the side of the feudal government headed by a shogun, was hired as the manager and lord of manor in Mitoya-go district and travelled there in 1221.
- 事件を煽動した大院君側は、閔妃を捕り逃がしたものの、高宗から政権を譲り受け、企みは成功したかに見えた。
- While Daewongun and his sympathizers who had incited the incident failed to catch Queen Min, they seized power from Gojong and it looked as if their plot had succeeded.
- しかし谷三山の影響から尊王派であった植村氏は、戊辰戦争においては新政府側に与して京都御所の警備につく。
- However, in the Boshin War, the Uemura clan, which was advocating reverence for the Emperor by the influence of Sanzan TANI, took the side of the new government and worked as a guard of Kyoto Imperial Palace.
- 大輪田泊(おおわだのとまり)は兵庫県神戸市兵庫区に所在していた港で、現在の神戸港西側の一部に相当する。
- Owada no tomari refers to the port which existed in Hyogo ward, Kobe city, Hyogo Prefecture and corresponds to a part of current Kobe port west side.
- 大輪田泊は、和田岬の東側にいだかれて天然の良港をなし、奈良時代から瀬戸内海を航行する際の要津であった。
- Owada no tomari was located in the east side of Cape Wada, formed a natural good port and was an important port for passage through Seto Inland Sea from the Nara period.
- 西側の橋本は遊郭のある宿場で、そこには土方歳三率いる新撰組の主力などを擁する幕府軍の本隊が陣を張った。
- The main units of the Shogunate forces, including the main force of the Shinsengumi led by Toshizo HIJIKATA, set up camp in Hashimoto, a posting station with a red-light district, to the west of the mountain.
- 彼らの多くは、似たような状況下に置かれた農民達に同情的な者も多く、一揆側に寝返る者が現れる始末だった。
- Many of such samurai were sympathetic to peasants who lived in the similar conditions, and eventually, some of them even went over to the side of ikki.
- その後、通信使は将軍の代替わりや世継ぎの誕生に際して、朝鮮側から祝賀使節として派遣されるようになった。
- After that, Tsushinshi were sent from the Korean side to pay homage to a new shogun or to cerebrate the birth of a heir to a shogun.
- 以上のように近世に確立した参詣道であることから、小辺路は信仰の側面においても近世的な特徴を示している。
- Since it was established as a pilgrimage road in the Edo period, as for the aspect of beliefs, Kohechi had the characteristics of the early-modern period.
- 川田梅ケ谷町の一部は、昭和51年の山科区分区の際、東山区側に残され、東山区今熊野梅ケ谷町となっている。
- Kawata Umegadani-Cho was partly left in Higashiyamaku Ward when Yamashinaku Ward separated in 1976, as Umegadani-Cho, Imagumano, Higashiyamaku Ward.
- かつては大和国添下郡に属しており、平城京の北西端にあった西大寺 (奈良市)の北側に広がる地域にあたる。
- It belonged once to Sonoshimo County, Yamato Province and corresponds to the region which expands in the north of Saidai-ji Temple (Nara City) which, in turn, existed in the northwestern end of Heijokyo (ancient capital of Japan in present Nara).
- そして、本所側(公家の家司・政所や寺院の三綱など)と起請文・請文などを交わした荘官によって実施された。
- It was enforced by shokan (an officer governing Shoen), who exchanged kishomon (sworn oath) and ukebumi (the reply) with the Honjo's side including Kuge, such as Keishi (household superintendent) and Mandokoro (Administrative Board), and temples, such as Sango (three monastic positions with management roles at a temple).
- 日本から通交する使節はいずれかの牙符を携行し、朝鮮側の保管する片割れと突き合わせることで査証を行った。
- The envoy dispatched from Japan brought any of the halves, that were to be matched with the other half kept by Yi-Dynasty as an endorsement.
- ちなみに泗川の戦いでの明軍の兵力ははっきりしていないが、敗戦側の明の記録では「戦死者約8万人」とある。
- The seize of the Ming force in the Battle of Shisen was not certain, but the record of the defeated Ming side mentioned 'eighty thousand war casualties.'
- 朝鮮側の認識では、日朝修好条規の締結は江戸時代における冊封体制下における交隣関係復活であると捉えていた。
- Korea understood the conclusion of the Japanese-Korea Treaty of Amity was a revival of the relationship of peace and amity under the tributary system during the Edo period.
- 日本側は4隻の大中破を出し、旗艦「松島」の戦死者の中には勇敢なる水兵と謳われた三浦虎次郎三等水兵もいる。
- Four warships were seriously or half damaged with war deaths including Petty office third class Torajiro MIURA, who was admired as a brave seaman.
- 何であれ中華思想に基づいた律令国家にとっては、「自らの支配下の外側にある人々という概念でしかな」かった。
- Whatever they may have been, for the ritsuryo kokka based on Sinocentrism, Ezo was 'simply a concept of people who were out of their control.'
- そこで政府はあらためて「マッカーサー草案」に基づいて検討し直し、「日本側草案(3月2日案)」を作成した。
- Then, the government had to enter discussions again based on 'the MacArthur draft,' and completed 'the Japanese Government draft [Draft on March 2].'
- 西郷軍が熊本城下に着かないうちにすでに政府側は征討の詔を出し、西郷軍の邀撃(ようげき)に動き出していた。
- Before Saigo's army entered the town of Kumamoto Castle, the government had issued an Imperial edict to defeat the army and mobilized troops to intercept it.
- その応饗として、横浜の応接所で最初の日米の会談が行われた後、日本側がアメリカ側に本膳料理の昼食を出した。
- After the first Japan-US conference was held, the Japanese served a honzen ryori lunch to the Americans.
- 奥向きの警備を表向きの職務とするが、時に将軍の側近である側御用取次から命令を受け、情報収集活動を行った。
- Their official duty was security but they sometimes conducted intelligence-gathering activities under the command of the aides of the shogun, Sobagoyotoritsuki (an attendant of the shogun who conveyed the shogun's messages and commands.)
- これは明らかな近衛家側との約束違反であったが、譲る相手が天皇の実弟である以上異論は許されない事であった。
- This was apparently a breach of the promises made to the Konoe family, but no one was allowed to oppose Hideyoshi's plan because he would yield the position to the Emperor's biological brother.
- 平城天皇と嵯峨天皇とが対立するが、嵯峨天皇側が迅速に兵を動かしたことによって平城上皇が出家して決着する。
- There was a confrontation between the Retired Emperor Heizei and Emperor Saga, but it resulted in the Retired Emperor Heizei's becoming a monk due to Emperor Saga's quick mobilization of soldiers.
- 新仏教の台頭に対抗して、旧仏教の側は念仏批判をし、戒律を重んじて、腐敗している旧仏教内部の革新を進めた。
- In their struggle to oppose the rise of these new sects, the old guard of Buddhism criticized the nenbutsu (prayer to Amida Buddha) and honored the traditional precepts, making progress in revitalizing the decaying edifice of old Buddhism from within.
- これは後金の度重なる侵入に苦しむ朝鮮側が日本の後ろ盾があるように見せかけたかったためであるとされている。
- It is said that the reason was as follows: At that time, Korea suffered from frequent invasions of Kokin, and the Korean side wanted to show Kokin that Korea had the support of Japan.
- また、1985年(昭和60年)には3月は月全体を通して関東以西の太平洋側地方では冷たい雨の連続であった。
- In March 1985, in regions on Pacific coast from the west up to the Kanto region, cold rainy days continued throughout the month.
- この道標のある場所は、護摩壇山・伯母子峠・伯母子岳山頂への分岐点となっており、古道は山頂東側の峠を通る。
- This guidepost was located at a crossroads to Mt. Gomadan, to Obako Pass and to the summit of Mt. Obako-dake, and the old road went through the east side of the summit.
- 柳本を発って果無山脈東端にある果無峠を越えると和歌山県側に入り、田辺市本宮町八木尾の下山口にたどり着く。
- Leaving Yagimoto and immediately after crossing Hatenashi Pass at the eastern end of the Hatenashi Mountain Range, the road enters Wakayama Prefecture and reaches Shimoyama-guchi of Yagio, Hongu-cho, Tanabe City.
- 三浦峠北側には2点の自然石道標が知られており、それぞれ川から25町 (単位)および30丁のところにある。
- At the north of Miura Pass, there are two natural stone guideposts; the one is about 2725 meters away from the river, and another is about 3270 meters away from the river.
- これ以後1392年までが南北朝時代で、吉野朝廷には後村上天皇・長慶天皇・後亀山天皇の南朝側天皇が続いた。
- This is the beginning of the period of the Northern and Southern Courts which lasted until 1392, and in the Yoshino Court, Emperor Gomurakami, Emperor Chokei, and Emperor Gokameyama from the Southern Court side took power in sequence.
- 高明邸が当時では珍しく西宮(右京)側にあったことから、「西宮左大臣」の異名で呼ばれ、書名の由来となった。
- Because Takaakira's house was on the side of Saikyu (west part of capital), which was unusual at the time, he was also known as 'Saikyu Sadaijin,' from which the book title was derived.
- 経顕は光厳上皇の側近中最も重んじられた1人であったことが光厳天皇曾孫貞成親王の『椿葉記』に記されている。
- It was written in 'Chinyoki' (an account of the raising to the throne of the Emperor Gohanazono in 1429) by Imperial Prince Sadafusa, who was the retired Emperor Kogon's grandson, that Tsuneaki was one of the most important close aides to the Retired Emperor Kogon.
- また南外側では、道路を挟んで上下斜面に腰曲輪跡が残っているが、この淡路丸に付随したものと考えられている。
- There also are the remains of Koshiguruwa (the compound bounded by earthworks) on the upper and lower parts of the mountain slope across the street from the south of the Kuruwa, and it is thought to be a part of Awajimaru.
- そのうち持貞と将軍側室との密通が露見したとして処刑されてしまい、満祐は赦免され三国の守護職を相続している。
- Before very long, Mochisada was executed for commiting adultery with a concubine of Shogun and Mitsusuke was pardoned and inherited the position of shugo of three provinces.
- 古河側は当時珍しかった電灯などを活用し、24時間体制で工事を行った結果、すべての工事が期限内に間に合った。
- Furukawa implemented construction non stop for 24hrs and they even used electric lighting which was still unusual in those days and they were made to complete all construction in time.
- 古河側の直接的な文献で、鉱毒に関する言及が多い文書には、古河鉱業刊『創業100年史』(1976年)がある。
- One publication that does directly mention the mining pollution many times is 'History of 100 Years of Business from Foundation' published by Furukawa Co., Ltd. (1976)
- 日本側原案では、公使は常駐であったが、朝鮮側の要求で「随時」とし、必要がある場合に限り派遣することとした。
- In the original plan Japan required that ministers should be permanently stationed, but it was amended to 'at any time' so they could be dispatched only when they were necessary.
- 百済の影響下にあった耽羅も戦後、唐に使節を送っており倭国・百済側として何らかの関与をしたものと推定される。
- Tanra, a territory that was under the influence of Kudara, also sent an envoy to the Tang Dynasty, and it is speculated that Wakoku and Kudara was involved in this matter at some level.
- 皮肉にも豊成・永手らは反仲麻呂派であると同時に奈良麻呂らの標的とされた孝謙天皇の側近であった人々であった。
- Ironically, people such as Toyonari and Nagate were members of the anti-Nakamaro party as well as close advisors to Empress Koken, a target of Naramaro.
- 朝鮮側の史書『三国史記』からも度重なる倭の侵攻や新羅や百済が倭に王子を人質に差し出していたことが知られる。
- A Korean history book, 'Samguk Sagi' (History of the Three Kingdoms), also provided evidence of these same events; there were details describing repeated invasions into the Korea Kingdoms by Wa and the taking hostage of the princes of Silla and Paekche.
- しかし政府側に察知され、萩で広島鎮台の攻撃を受け、11月6日までに三浦梧楼が率いる政府軍により鎮圧された。
- However, Junkoku Gun was defeated by the government army lead by Goro MIURA by November 6th, being detected by the government and attacked by the Hiroshima Chindai (garrison in Meiji era) in Hagi.
- 一方、日本側の招待された面々は、十手と孫の手をナイフとフォーク (食器)に見立てて作法の練習をしたという。
- Meanwhile, it is said that the Japanese who were invited to dine with the American rehearsed the situation using a jitte (short, one-hook truncheon) and a backscratcher as substitutes for a knife and fork.
- そうした日本の博覧会に「帝国主義の視線」という博覧会の負の側面が見え始めたのが、第5回大阪博覧会であった。
- The fifth Osaka Exhibition revealed its negative side of 'point of view of Imperialism'.
- だが、この内閣は立憲政友会などの政党側のみならず一般国民からも反感を買い、第2次護憲運動によって倒された。
- This administration however antagonized not only political parties such as Rikken Seiyukai but also the general public, and was overthrown in the second constitution protection movement.
- 本丸は将軍夫妻、二丸は将軍生母やかつての将軍仕えていた側室、西丸は世嗣夫妻や大御所夫妻が住まいとしていた。
- Honmaru was the resident of the Shogun and his wives, Ninomaru was the resident of the shogun's real mother and concubines of former Shogun, and Nishinomaru was the residence of the successor couple and the retired shogun couple.
- 特に盛子の所領は高倉が相伝することが決まっていたため、高倉・清盛側と後白河側の対立は悪化の一途をたどった。
- The conflict between Takakura and Kiyomori's side with Goshirakawa's side worsened especially because Moriko's property was to be inherited by Takakura.
- しかし、交易の発展にともない豆毛浦倭館は手狭になり、交通も不便であったので、朝鮮側に再三移転要求を行った。
- However, since its space became insufficient as the commerce had been thriving, combined with its poor transportation conditions, the Japanese-side repeatedly asked the Korean government for its relocation.
- 明智謀反の報を受けた信忠は本能寺に救援に向かおうとしたが、既に事態は決したから逃げるように側近に諭された。
- Nobutada, who received a report of the revolt by the Akechi clan, intended to go to the Honno-ji Temple to rescue, but he was dissuaded by his close aide to run away because the situations in the Honno-ji Temple were already finalized.
- 彼ら海賊衆は14世紀には活動を活発化させ、南北朝時代 (日本)の動乱には南北それぞれの側に分かれて戦った。
- Kaizoku shu increased their activities in the fourteenth century, and during the disturbance period of Northern and Southern Courts, they split into two groups and fought for each court.
- これは権力に対する独立・中立性の放棄であり、寺社側が拒否したのも「無縁」の思想からすれば当然のことである。
- This was equal to the abandonment of independency and neutrality against authority, so that it is natural that the temples and shrines rejected these requests with the idea of 'Muen.'
- 攻略には至らなかったがこの攻撃で籠城側は抗戦を断念し、翌22日、主だった者53人の首を差し出して降伏した。
- The besiegers could not capture the castle, but the besieged gave up resistance with this attack and surrendered, submitting 53 heads of important persons on the following day, the 2nd.
- しかしこの戦いで日本側が物質的に得たものは無く、見返りとしての恩賞は御家人たちの満足のいくものではなかった。
- However, Japan gained nothing materially out of this war, and the rewards granted to vassals did not satisfy them.
- 大戦後半欧州戦線で連合国側が劣勢になると、イギリスを含む連合国は、日本軍のヨーロッパへの派兵を要請してきた。
- In the latter half of the war, the chances were against the Allies on the European front, so that the Allies, including Britain, requested the dispatch of Japanese army to Europe.
- 日本側では、この提案では朝鮮が事実上ロシアの支配下となり、日本の独立も危機的な状況になりかねないと判断した。
- Japan judged that the Russian proposal would effectively place Korea under the control of the Russians, and would inevitably pose a threat to the Japanese sovereignty.
- 日本側 陸軍は第一軍で朝鮮半島へ上陸、鴨緑江を渡河しつつ、在朝鮮のロシア軍と第一会戦を交えた後に満洲へ進撃。
- Japanese-side: The army would land their First Army on the Korean Peninsula and climb northwards and engage occupying Russian forces and assault Manchuria by crossing the Oryokko River.
- 城中の糧食が尽きるのを待って陥落させるという長囲策を採る薩軍が対砲戦を主としたので、守城側はそれに苦しんだ。
- The besieged army of Kumamoto Castle was helpless against the Satsuma army, which attacked the castle mainly with counterbattery activities while laying a long drawn-out siege to make the besieged army run out of the provisions and fall.
- しかし翌朝になると、政府軍側では兒玉源太郎ら将校が駆けつけ、その指揮下で態勢を立て直し、本格的な反撃を開始。
- However, the next morning, officers from the government forces including Gentaro KODAMA rushed to the site, restored combat readiness under their command, and started full-scale counterattacks.
- 翌1883年1月営業を開始をすると、三菱側が運賃を2割引にして対抗したことから共同運輸側も対抗値引きを実施。
- In the next year, January 1883, Kyodo Unyu started their business and Mitsubishi tried to compete with them by offering a 20 percent discount, and thus Kyodo Unyu offered a discount to compete with Mitusbishi.
- その後、領地内外の富裕な商人が藩札の札元となり発行を行い、その商人の信用によって藩札が流通した側面もあった。
- Later, they were issued through wealthy merchants who were prominent in the distribution of han bills.
- また卑弥呼や台与(壹與)の時代にも生口を送っている記録があり、日本側からも人を送っていたことが見受けられる。
- It is also recorded that they conveyed seiko in the time of Himiko or Toyo (the kanji of Toyo is台与 or 壹與), which proves that such people were sent from Japan side as well.
- いずれも良基の一族・家司・側近や和歌・連歌を通じて交際のある武士・僧侶で、多くが二条派・京極派に属している。
- All of them were either family, household superintendents or close aides of Yoshimoto, or samurai and monks who were acquainted with Yoshimoto through waka poetry/renga, and many of them belonged to the Nijo or Kyogoku schools.
- 征夷大将軍徳川家康と朝鮮側の使節との会見が実現したのは日本軍撤兵から6年後の慶長9年(1604年)であった。
- It was in 1604, six years after the withdrawal of the Japanese army, that an interview of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA took place, who was seii taishogun (literally, great general who subdues the barbarians), with an envoy from Korea.
- 近年では、朝鮮半島が戦場となったため、朝鮮側が受けた被害に関心をもつ研究者を中心に朝鮮侵略と呼ぶ場合もある。
- In recent years, in certain cases, it has been called chosen shinryaku (literally, invasion into Korea) by people centering on researchers who are interested in damage the Korean side suffered because the Korean Peninsula was the battlefield.
- 江戸幕府が開かれて以来、幕府には江戸市中で大名駕籠を襲うなどという発想そのものがなく、彦根藩側の油断を誘った。
- Since the start of the Edo Shogunate, the government had not considered it possible that such an attack would occur on the palanquin of a daimyo (a Japanese feudal lord), so the Hikone clan was caught unawares.
- 一見双方平等のようであるが、貿易に関する力量がすでに異なっていたため、朝鮮側にとって著しく不利なものであった。
- It seemed an equal treaty at a glance, but the ability to trade was already different, so it was remarkably disadvantageous to Korea.
- 8月24日-9月4日の遼陽会戦では、第二軍が南側から正面攻撃をかけ、第一軍が東側の山地を迂回し背後へ進撃した。
- In the Battle of Liaoyang from August 24th and September 4th, the IJA Second Army mounted a frontal attack from the south, and the IJA First Army circumscribed a mountainous area in the East and attacked the enemies flank.
- ここから北側地区にいた官軍を見たところ、警備が手薄であったため、西郷軍は辺見を先鋒に一斉に下山攻撃を開始した。
- Saigo's forces found that the guard of the government army on the north side from there was not strong, and therefore, went down the mountain en masse and attacked the government army with HENMI as the spearhead.
- また高麗の将軍がこのときに捕虜とした子供男女200人を高麗王と王妃に献上したという記録が、高麗側に残っている。
- According to Goryeo's records, a general from Goryeo then captured 200 children, including both boys and girls, and presented them to the king and queen.
- それ故に、一般的に朱子学及び陽明学として説明される試みの多くは、この思弁的側面のみに注目したものとなっている。
- That is why most attempts to explain Shushigaku and Yomei-gaku generally focus solely on the speculative side.
- この事件で幼少の頃からの側近を失った桃園天皇は一条ら摂関家の振舞いに反発を抱き、天皇と摂関家の対立が激化する。
- The Emperor Momozono, who lost the close advisors he had had since his childhood, was offended at the actions of the Sekkan-ke, such as ICHIJO, which resulted in escalated confrontation between the Emperor and the Sekkan-ke.
- 1510年、交易上のトラブルもあり朝鮮側に不満を募らせた日本人は、対馬からの援軍も加えて大規模な反乱を起こす。
- In 1510, the Japanese became discontented with the Korean side, partly due to troubles in trade, which caused a big-scale insurgence, with reinforcements from Tsushima.
- このために正使は侵攻の意思ありと報告し副使は侵攻の意思なしとの報告が行なわれ、王に近い副使側の意見が採られた。
- Therefore, while the head of the envoy reported that Hideyoshi had the intention of invading Korea, the deputy reported otherwise, and the opinion of the deputy head, who was close to the king, was taken.
- 合戦では、足利直義を司令官とする陸上軍の主力は西国街道を進み、少弐頼尚は和田岬の新田軍に側面から攻撃をかけた。
- During the battle, the main line of the land army commanded by Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA proceeded along the Saigoku-kaido Road, and Yorihisa SHONI mounted an attack on the flanks of the Nitta forces in Wadamisaki.
- また朝鮮国内における通交者の滞在費・交易品の輸送も朝鮮側が担っており、こうした負担も無視出来ないものであった。
- Korea had to pay for the living expenses of traders during their stay in Korea and the transportation expenses of commodities, and these financial burdens were too heavy to be ignored.
- 現峠である深見トンネルは片側1車線の確保された快走路であり、かつて難所と呼ばれていたという雰囲気はまるでない。
- Fukami Tunnel, current Fukami-toge Pass, is easy to drive with two lanes wide and it has no shadow as a chokepoint at all.
- 東側を固めていた弘茂は今川勢、一色勢を相手に戦っていたが、手勢も討ち減らされ、最早これまでと自害しようとした。
- Hiroshige, who was reinforcing the east side of the city and fighting against the armies of the Imagawa and Isshiki clans, also found his own soldiers' numbers dwindling, and deciding that he had fought as long as he could, he tried to kill himself.
- 両統迭立の定着にともない、一方の皇統に専属的に仕える貴族が出現しはじめ、また治天の側も貴族たちにそれを求めた。
- As Ryoto tetsuritsu became established, aristocrats that served only one of the Imperial lines started to appear, and the Chiten side also asked that of its aristocrats.
- 海上保安庁の潮流の調査に基づいても、合戦の行われた早鞆瀬戸より東側の海域では1ノット以下という結果が出ている。
- A study conducted by the Japan Coast Guard also found that the current in the area east of the Kanmon straits, where the battle was fought, was under one knot.
- 移動中の中川隊に斎藤利三隊の右側に陣取っていた伊勢貞興隊が襲い掛かり、それに呼応して斎藤隊も高山隊を猛襲した。
- Sadaoki ISE's corps, positioned to the right of Toshimitsu SAITO's, attacked Nakagawa's in transit, and in return Saito's staged a fierce raid on Takayama's.
- 朝鮮王朝により10枚製作され、それぞれ一から十まで通し番号が入っており、左符を朝鮮側、右符を日本側が保管した。
- Ten sets of tallies were prepared by the Yi-Dynasty with serial numbers from one to ten, and the left halves were kept by the Yi-Dynasty and the right halves were kept by the Japan side.
- 筑紫館と大宰府の間は約16キロメートルだが、そこを最大幅10メートルの側溝を完備した直線道路が敷設されていた。
- Tsukushi-no-murotsumi and the Dazaifu was connected by a straight road about 16 km long and was fully equipped with a roadside gutter which was at the maximum ten meters wide.
- 同年6月12日、三国の調の儀式の儀式が行われ、皇極天皇が大極殿に出御し、古人大兄皇子が側に侍し、入鹿も入朝した。
- On June 12 of the same year, when Empress Kogyoku arrived at Daigokuden having Prince Furuhito no Oe guarding her close by, Iruka entered the Imperial Court where the ceremony of Sangoku no Shirabe took place.
- この他森山の洋服着用など欧米スタイルを貫こうとする姿勢に朝鮮側が嫌悪感を示したことで交渉ははかばかしくなかった。
- Furthermore, as the Japanese persisted in the European and American style, such as Moriyama wearing Western clothes, to which the Koreans showed aversion, the negotiation did not go smoothly.
- 日本は候補の一つとして文川市郡松田里を強く推したが、その地は王陵(王家の墓地)があるために朝鮮側が難色を示した。
- Japan insisted that Songjon Village in Munchon City should be one of the possible sites, but Korea were reluctant because there was a royal tomb.
- 東へ張り出した尾根の先端に築かれており、谷を挟んだ南側の尾根には望月支城、南東には杉谷砦、北方には杉谷城がある。
- Built on a mountain ridge overhanging eastward, the castle was surrounded by its branch castle at the southern mountain ridge across a valley, Sugitani-toride Fort in the southeast, and Sugitani-jo Castle in the north.
- 本丸は三方を堀で囲まれ、南側は空堀を隔てて二の丸に面しており、さすがの織田信長軍も本丸への侵入は不可能であった。
- Honmaru was surrounded with moats on three sides and the southern side faced to ninomaru across karabori (dry moat) and even troops of Nobunaga ODA could not make their way into honmaru.
- 旧幕府海軍副総裁の榎本武揚は幕府が保有していた軍艦を率い、各地で敗残した幕府側の勢力を集め、箱館の五稜郭を占拠。
- Takeaki ENOMOTO, former vice president of the naval force of the bakufu, assembled people who lost those hard-fought battles across the country, using the bakufu's battleship, and occupied Goryokaku in Hakodate.
- まず神前に当事者、奉行衆・公人などの幕府側、巫女もしくは陰陽師が集まり、巫女のお祓いの後に神前に湯を沸騰させる。
- First, the parties concerned, the officials from the bakufu side such as bugyoshu (magistrates) or oyakebito (officials who serve the Imperial Court), and a miko (a shrine maiden) or an onmyoji (the master of Yin Yang) gathered before the gods, and then after the miko had conducted purification, they boiled water before the gods.
- しかし明治維新頃から幕府より離れて新政府側に与し、維新後は高取藩と共に大和国内における御料の取締りを命じられた。
- However, from around Meiji Restoration the Shibamura Domain distanced itself from the bakufu and became cooperative with the new government; after the Restoration it was asked by the new government to control the property of the government within Yamato Province together with Takatori Domain.
- 永禄4年(1561年)に家臣の吉田城 (三河国)代小原鎮実に命じ、松平(徳川)側の人質を城下の龍拈寺口で殺した。
- In 1561 Ujizane ordered his vassal Shizuzane OHARA, who was jodai (vassal who manages the castle while the lord is not in the castle) of Yoshida-jo Castle (Mikawa Province), to kill the hostage from the Matsudaira (Tokugawa) side at the entrance of Ryunen-ji Temple located under the castle.
- その論争(反論)には決まって、妥協案が他にない、というものがあり、妥協的な名称としての側面も持っていると言える。
- Counterarguments always included that there is no other plan of compromise; therefore, it can be said that naming of cities, towns, and villages with old provincial names has the aspect of compromise.
- これは単なる外国崇拝だけではなく、当時の極端に低い日本の国際的地位を上げるための苦渋の決断という側面も強かった。
- It was not only worship of foreign countries but also an agonizing decision to raise Japan's international status, which was extremely low at that time.
- 結局、政府からの処分は、徳島藩側主謀者小倉富三郎・新居水竹ら10人が斬首(のちに藩知事の嘆願陳情で切腹になる)。
- Eventually, the punishment from the government was that 10 people, including Tomisaburo OGURA and Suichiku NII, who were the key leaders from the Tokushima Domain, were decapitated (they committed Seppuku [ritual suicide] at the petition to appeal of the governor of the domain, later).
- この強訴では、重盛の兵が神輿を射るという失態を犯したことで延暦寺側に有利に事が運び、師高の配流で一旦は決着する。
- During this direct petition, Shigemori's forces made a mistake when they shot an arrow at a portable shrine, which led to an advantage for the Enryaku-ji Temple side and was settled temporarily by Morotake's exile.
- 左京区側の麓にある川床で有名な貴船はこの芹生峠を越えた人が休憩を取り、服装を正した茶屋のようなものから始まった。
- Kibune, famous for its Kawayuka (Riverside Summer Terrace), located at the foot on the side of Sakyo Ward, started as something like a chaya (a rest house) where people who came over the Seryo-toge Pass took a break and got fixed.
- 特に貴船側は20°以上の急勾配の上、ヘアピンカーブが連続する区間があり、大型車は1度で曲がりきれないこともある。
- Particularly on the side of Kibune, there is a spot where the hill is as steep as 20 degrees or more with successive sharp hairpin curves, where a large-sized vehicle cannot make a turn at the first try.
- 条約締結以前、大量の米が対馬に流出したことがあったため、朝鮮側は穀類の輸出入禁止を提案したが、日本側が押し切った。
- As there had been a large outflow of rice to Tsushima before the conclusion of the treaty, Korea proposed the prohibition of the export and import of rice and grain, but Japan overcame the opposition from Korea successfully.
- 両作戦の日本側の死傷者は82名なのに対して、清国兵は500名以上の死傷者を出し、武器等を放棄して平壌まで逃亡する。
- The Japanese side had 82 solders killed and injured in both operations, while the Qing troops had more than 500 casualties and threw down their arms and fled to Pyongyang.
- ロシアは日本側への返答として、朝鮮半島の北緯39度以北を中立地帯とし、軍事目的での利用を禁ずるという提案を行った。
- In its reply to Japan, Russia proposed making the Korean peninsula north of the 39th parallel a neutral demilitarized zone.
- 兄戦死の報を受けた勝正もまた単身本陣へ突入し、不意をついて本庄繁長に斬りかかったが逆に繁長と側近達に討ち取られた。
- When Katsumasa was informed of his brother's death, he also charged the opponent's headquarters alone and made a surprise attack on Shigenaga HONJO with his sword; but he was killed by Shigenaga and his close retainers.
- しかし幕府の側からすると、身分としてはあくまでも「御雇い」であり、臨時雇用の色合いの濃い立場の低い扱いではあった。
- However, from the point of view of the bakufu, these employees were and would always remain of 'oyatoi' (hired) status, and as such, their social position was fully as low as that of temporary employees.
- これに対し、地理を熟知していた平氏側も東門・北門(夢野口・古明泉寺(明泉寺)の2箇所)・西門と要所に布陣している。
- On the other hand, as Taira clan was familiar with the geography of the region, they set their battle formations in important locations, such as the East gate, North gate (two locations, the Yumeno entrance fortress and Ko-Myosen-ji Temple (Myosen-ji Temple)), and West gate.
- 1605年、朝鮮側が徳川政権から先に国書を送るように要求してきたのに対し、対馬藩は国書の偽造を行い朝鮮へ提出した。
- In 1605, when Korea demanded that the Tokugawa government should send the sovereign's message first, the Tsushima Domain forged the sovereign's massage and presented it to Korea.
- ただし、当時すでに強固な主従関係が見られたわけではなく、流動的な側面を持つ主従関係だったことに注意する必要がある。
- Note, however, these subordinate-superior relationships were not necessarily rigidly established at that time; they seemed to also have flexible aspects.
- この戦いは最初は数に勝る旧幕府軍が有利だったが、戦況は新装備を有する新政府軍へと傾き、新政府側の勝利で幕を閉じた。
- At the beginning of the battle, the former Shogunate forces, which outnumbered the new government's forces, were superior, but the military situation shifted in favor of the new government's forces with their modern military equipment, and the war ended in a victory for them.
- 7月4日、新政府を支持する久保田藩士が、同盟側仙台藩の使者を殺害し藩論を掌握、同盟を離脱して新政府側へと変節した。
- On August 21, a retainer of the Kubota Domain supporting the new government murdered an emissary from the alliance's Sendai Domain and managed to control the opinions of people within the Kubota Domain, and the Kubota Domain defected from the alliance to the new government.
- 義詮死去の直前には四国地方、中国地方で南朝側と戦っていた細川頼之が佐々木など反斯波氏派の支持を得て管領に就任する。
- Just before Yoshiakira died, Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA, who had been fighting the Southern Court forces on the island of Shikoku and in the Chugoku region (of western Japan), was appointed Kanrei after obtaining the support of Sasaki and others of the anti-Shiba faction.
- さらに柴田側の不破勝光・金森長近の軍勢も退却したため、佐久間盛政の軍を撃破した秀吉の軍勢は柴田勝家本隊に殺到した。
- After the armies of Katsumitsu FUWA and Nagachika KANAMORI on the Shibata side began to retreat as well, Hideyoshi's forces, which had earlier destroyed the army of Morimasa SAKUMA, rushed at the main force of Katsuie SHIBATA.
- かつては元軍の集団戦術、いわゆる組織戦闘に対して、当時の日本側は一騎打ちを基本とした戦い方をしていたと言われていた。
- It used to be said that Japan at that time fought basically by means of one-to-one battle against the Yuan army which fought in organized groups.
- 朝鮮側はこの突然の条約締結の申し入れに驚き、最初は拒否したが、日本側の提示した条約に対する修正案を出すこととなった。
- Surprised by the sudden offer of conclusion of the treaty, Korea at first refused it, but they decided to propose an amendment to the treaty presented by the Japanese.
- 日本側の損害は戦死40名、戦傷241名、行方不明7名に対して、清国は4500名の戦死、捕虜600名を出して敗退する。
- The casualties on the Japanese side were fourty deaths, 241 injuries, and seven missing persons, while 4,500 died and 600 were held as prisoner on the Qing side.
- しかしここで警官隊200名余りが警告抜きに学生たちに襲いかかり、学生側は後頭部を割られるなど重軽傷者70名を出した。
- However, more than 200 officers suddenly attacked the students without warning; as a result, seventy students were injured either slightly or seriously including lacerations of the scalp.
- 『戦国の武将たち』によると、この「阿古」なる人物は荒木村重の側室で身辺を警護する女武者ではなかったかと解説している。
- 'Sengoku no Bushotachi' (literally, Commanders in Sengoku Period) gave an explanation that this person called 'Ako' could be Murashige's concubine who was a female warrior who guarded Murashige's security.
- 朱子学は支配イデオロギーとなったが、それ故に体制擁護としての作用が肥大化し、かつての道徳主義の側面が失われていった。
- As Shushigaku became the dominant ideology, its function of protecting the regime became increasingly emphasized, and as a result, the element of moralism was getting lost.
- 一方で、転封によって武士の在地領主的側面が切り離され、地方知行制から俸禄制への移行を促進する役割も担った事実がある。
- On the other hand, it is a fact that Tenpo took away the aspect of zaichi ryoshu (resident landlords) from samurai, playing a role in promoting the transition from the Jigatachigyo system (provision of lands from a feudal government or domains to retainers as salary) to the horoku system (salary).
- 日本人は鯛を喜ぶ、という情報を仕入れていたアメリカ側は鯛を釣って料理する、などの日本側を意識した部分が料理にあった。
- Knowing that sea bream was popular among the Japanese, the Americans incorporated the fish into the menu, reflecting their awareness of Japanese taste.
- これは政府予算が議会側によって人質に取られて妥協を強いられる事の無いようにという趣旨で井上毅が提案したものであった。
- This article was drafted by Kowashi INOUE in order to prevent the administration from having to compromise on political policies in order to have the budget plan approved at the Diet.
- 朝鮮側の被害は日本の資料では死傷者2500以上、世宗実録ではの記録では死者百数十人、の記録では180人とされている。
- Korean casualties exceeded 2500 dead or wounded according to Japanese sources, while one entry in the Record of Seojong's Reign lists 100 and some dozens more killed, and another later entry lists 180 killed.
- ただしこのような事実は、現在の韓国の歴史認識と背反しているため、韓国側では日本側による捏造・歪曲とされることが多い。
- However, this fact contradicts the present historical recognition on the Korean side and the Korean side often insists that such a description is fabricated or distorts the facts by the Japan side.
- 朝鮮側は朝鮮人参、トラ皮などの朝鮮産品も輸出したが、江戸時代前期の最大の輸出品は生糸、絹織物などの中国産品であった。
- Korea exported to Japan not only Korean products including Asian ginseng and tiger leather, but also Chinese products including raw silk thread and silk textile, which were its biggest exports in the early Edo period.
- 京都駅西側の地区には昭和41年(1966年)の町名変更で新設された町名が4つある(北・南不動堂町、東・西油小路町)。
- There are four towns that were newly established during change of town names in 1966 in the area west of Kyoto Station (Kita Fudodo-cho, Minami Fudodo-cho, Higashi Aburanokoji-cho, and Nishi Aburanokoji-cho).
- 近衛府の陣(主として左近衛府側)において招集されたので、会議の場を陣座(じんのざ)又は杖座(じょうざ)と呼称された。
- The council was convened at the camp of the Inner Palace Guard (most often in the area of the Left Division of the Guard), so the council sessions came to be called 'Jinnoza' ('meetings at the camp') or 'Joza' ('stave meetings').
- だが、それは前述のように反対の経路によって幕府側の要望を治天の君もしくは天皇へと伝達する役目を果たすことにもなった。
- It, conversely, also meant, as is mentioned above, to convey the bakufu's request to Chiten no kimi or Emperor through the opposite route.
- これに先立つ和泉千石堀城の戦いでは、城の煙硝蔵が爆発したために一日で攻略できたものの攻城側にも多大な犠牲が出ている。
- In the previous battle of Sengokubori-jo Castle in Izumi Province, he could capture it in one day because of the explosion of the powder house, but his army also suffered a great deal of damage.
- 文永の役における蒙古軍の撤退に関して、日本側の史料には一夜明けると蒙古船が消失していた事実が記されているのみとされる。
- Concerning the withdrawal of the Mongol army, Japanese historical materials only state the fact that the Mongol fleet disappeared the next morning.
- 宮本小一はそれを忠実に提案し、朝鮮側は国際法の常識に欠けていたため反論せず、そのまま無関税体制が敷かれることになった。
- Okazu MIYAMOTO proposed it faithfully, and Korea did not oppose it because of their ignorance of the international law, so the customs-fee system was established.
- 市教委は、この場所より南側ではほとんど遺構が発見されていないことなどを根拠として、この遺構を条坊の南端と推定している。
- The City Board of Education supposes that these remains are the southern border of jobo based on the facts including that few remains have been found south of this location.
- これは件の告発によって義持と富樫満成ら側近集団に実権を奪われた細川以下の有力守護大名側の逆クーデターとも言われている。
- Some consider that this was a counter-coup by dominant shugo guardian feudal lords, Hosokawa amongst others, who were disempowered following the accusations of Yoshimochi and a group of his attendants, including Mitsunari TOGASHI.
- 諸外国側の要求は日本在留外国人の身柄の安全保証と当該事件の日本側責任者の厳重処罰、すなわち滝の処刑というものであった。
- The requirements from the foreign countries were the guarantee of safety of the foreigners living in Japan and the severe punishment of the Japanese who was in charge of the incident, which meant the execution of TAKI.
- 西園寺や新内務大臣 (日本)原敬は反政府側から出された戒厳令関係者の処分要求を拒絶して、事件の幕引きを図ったのである。
- SAIONJI and the new Minister of Home Affairs (Japan), Takashi HARA refused the anti-governmental side's demand for the punishment of the persons concerned with the martial law, and thus tried to put an end to the incident.
- しかし、長暦2年(1038年)頃に両者の対立から宿曜道側が暦道の批判に回ったという(『春記』長暦2年11月27日条)。
- However, in about 1038 a conflict arose between them, and the scholars of sukuyodo began criticizing those of rekido (according to an entry in 'Shunki (Spring Tale)' dated December 31, 1038).
- 旧幕府軍は淀藩主(京都市伏見区)稲葉正邦(慶喜の側近の一人で現職の老中)を頼って、淀城に入り建て直しをはかろうとした。
- The former Shogunate forces requested the lord of the Yodo domain (Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City), Masakuni INABA (a close aide to Yoshinobu and an incumbent senior councilor) to open Yodo Castle to them so they could regroup their forces.
- 根来寺炎上の原因については、根来側による自焼説、秀吉による焼き討ち説と兵士による命令によらない放火または失火説がある。
- As to the reason for the burning of Negoro-ji Temple, there is a theory that the people there set burned it by themselves, and another that Hideyoshi ordered it set ablaze and another that a soldier set fire without any order or by negligence.
- 当日は季節外れの雪で視界は悪く、護衛の供侍たちは雨合羽を羽織り、刀の柄に袋をかけていたので、襲撃側には有利な状況だった。
- It was a day of unseasonable snow and poor visibility, so the samurai attendants were dressed in raincoats and had covers attached to the hilts of their swords, which was advantageous for the attackers.
- この日本側の措置に東莱府使は激怒して、10月には日本公館への食糧等の供給を停止、日本人商人による貿易活動の停止を行った。
- Toraifu side was so angered by these acts that they stopped supply of food etc. to Nihon Kokan and also prohibited the trading activities by Japanese traders.
- 仁川は朝鮮の首都漢城の外港にあたる地であるため交渉は非常に難航したが、朝鮮側が妥協して1881年2月受諾を通告してきた。
- The negotiation ran into trouble extremely as Incheon was the outer harbor of Hanseong, the capital of Korea, but Korea compromised and notified Japan of their acceptance in February 1881.
- この海戦で日本側が勝利したことによって、清国艦隊は威海衛に閉じこもることとんり、日本海軍は黄海・朝鮮の制海権を確保した。
- The victory of Japan in this naval battle forced Qing squadrons to be confined in Weihaiwei, bringing naval supremacy to Japan.
- 南・西・北にも都市化の波は及び、外延部の上野 (台東区)、浅草が盛り場として発展、さらに外側には吉原遊郭が置かれていた。
- The urbanization also began in the south, west and north of Edo, and Ueno (Taito Ward) and Asakusa on the peripheries of Edo developed into amusement districts, and the Yoshiwara yukaku (red-light district) became located outside of this area.
- そのため、家康側が全面的に銘文の字句を口実としたものではなく、豊臣側の軽率な行為に乗じたものというという性格の方が強い。
- Therefore, the incident was not essentially the one that the Ieyasu side used the phrases in the inscription for the full excuse for attacking the Toyotomi's side, but took advantage of the thoughtlessness of the Toyotomi side.
- 縁切寺(えんきりでら)とは、女性の側からの離婚が困難であった当時、そこに駆け込むことによって離婚が達成される尼寺である。
- The divorce temple was a convent, which was a safehouse for women seeking a divorce in those days when women had no right to obtain a divorce from their husbands; once a wife fled into there, she can obtain a divorce from her husband.
- 午前6時、平知盛、平重衡ら平氏軍主力の守る東側の生田口の陣の前には範頼率いる梶原景時、畠山重忠以下の大手軍5万騎が布陣。
- At six o'clock in the morning, Noriyori led his Ote army, followed by Kagetoki KAJIWARA and Shigetada HATAKEYAMA and their fifty thousand cavalrymen, and took positions on the east side front of the battle formation at the Ikuta fortress entrance, where the major force of the Taira clan army, led by Tomonori TAIRA and Shigehira TAIRA, was prepared to defend.
- 治承5年(1181年)1月には、紀伊国の熊野三山勢力が挙兵して、伊勢国や志摩国で平氏側勢力と交戦するという動きもあった。
- In January 1181, the forces of the Kumano-Sanzan (three temples in the Kumano region) in the Kii Province raised forces and battled with Taira clan troops in Ise and Shima Provinces.
- 日本人側は朝鮮との居留人数に関する約定を破ったため朝鮮側が送還するなどしたが、いつのまにかまた増えるという状態であった。
- Although the Korean Government extradited the Japanese who infringed the agreement between Japan and Korea restricting the number of residents, the population would go up again after a while.
- 道路としては片側1車線が確保されているが、急勾配、急カーブの連続する区間であり、上記のバイパスの建設が急務となっている。
- The road over the pass is double lane, but because it has continuous steep slopes and tight curves it is imperative to build the bypass mentioned above.
- これでも戦死者を過少報告している可能性もあるが、日本側の死者3万余との記録とも大きく食い違うため実体は今なお不明である。
- It is likely that a smaller number of casualties were reported, but in reality this remains uncertain due to the great difference in numbers for which the Japanese army proclaimed over thirty thousand casualties.
- いわゆる性格判断などはそういった側面もあるが、更に広く通俗的な分野では、特定の誰かとの相性を知ろうという占いも盛んである。
- The so-called character diagnosis also has such an aspect, and the fortune-telling which predicts the compatibility with a certain person is more popular and common sphere.
- また両国の外交文書は日本語と朝鮮真文(漢文)で書くこととし、日本側の文書には、先10年間は日本語に漢文を併記する事とした。
- Also they decided that the diplomatic documents of both countries should be written in Japanese and the legitimate language of Korea (namely Chinese), and the documents of Japan should be written in both Japanese and Chinese for the next 10 years.
- 翌日、別働第2および第3旅団は山背と本道の両面から松橋を攻撃し、別働第1旅団は北豊崎から御船に進み、薩軍の右側を攻撃した。
- On the next day, the detached 2nd brigade and the detached 3rd brigade attacked Matsubase from both sides of Yamashiro and the main road, and the detached 1st brigade advanced to Mifune from Kitatoyozaki, attacking the right side of the Satsuma army.
- 次いで、南下してきた野津鎮雄少将(兄)の兵が右翼隊の右側面を衝いたので、猛将桐野の率いる右翼隊も堪らず、江田方面に退いた。
- Subsequently, the soldiers of Major General Shizuo NOZU (older brother), who had arrived from north, assaulted on the right side of the right flank so that even the right flank led by brave KIRINO could not withstand it and retreated toward Eda.
- しかし、かつて武田元明の妻であり、高次にとっては妹にあたる京極竜子が秀吉の側室となると罪を許されて秀吉の家臣となっていた。
- However, when Tatsuko KYOGOKU who used to be a wife of Motoaki TAKEDA and was a younger sister of Takatsugu became a concubine of Hideyoshi, Takatsugu was absolved of his sins and became a vassal of Hideyoshi.
- これらの乱は発生期の1世代目から3世代目にかけての武士が、乱を起こした側、及び鎮圧側の双方の当事者として深く関わっている。
- Although the Samurai concept was in its infancy, first to third generation Samurai were significantly involved in both sides of the wars.
- 8月5日の記録では日本の戦死者20人に対し朝鮮側が百余名とされており、正規軍での対戦では朝鮮軍は日本軍に歯が立たなかった。
- According to the entry in the True Record of the Joseon Dynasty for the fifth day of the eighth month, the Japanese forces suffered 20 dead in the fighting, while the Korean army had suffered over 100, demonstrating that in battles between the two countries' regular armies, the Korean forces were no match for the Japanese.
- 足軽など軽輩の者は、町人地の外側に配されることも多く、現在に残る地名で、番町・弓之町・鉄砲町などがこれにあたることが多い。
- Keihaimono (low-ranked people) such as Ashigaru were placed on the outside of the townsmen district and current place names include Ban-cho, Yumino-cho, and Teppo-cho.
- その一方で、かつての持明院統側では後小松天皇の直系が断絶して、伏見宮家から後花園天皇が迎えられるという事態が起こっていた。
- On the other hand, the direct line from Emperor Gokomatsu ended and Emperor Gohanazono was invited by the Fushiminomiya family to continue the former Jimyoin line side.
- 内部には宴享庁(使者の応接所)を中心に館主家、客館、東向寺、日本側の番所、酒屋、その他日本家屋が対馬藩によって建築された。
- Inside it, with the reception office for envoys at the center, the house of the manager, a building for visitors, Toko-ji Temple, the Japanese guard house, liquor stores, and some other Japanese-style houses were constructed by the Tsushima clan.
- 続く戦国時代_(日本)においては、軍事力・兵站輸送力の観点より戦国大名の側から積極的に水軍の編成に対する働きかけを行った。
- During the following Sengoku (the Warring States) period, daimyo during the Sengoku period were actively engaged in organizing a suigun navy in view of military power and transport force.
- 「政」の開催場所のよって結政が開かれる結政所が違った(官政は太政官庁西廊、外記政は外記南舎(外記庁の南側に置かれた離れ)。
- The Katanashi-dokoro where Katanashi was conducted was different depending upon where the 'Sei' was held (west corridor of the Dajokan Office for Kansei and Geki South Building, the annex on the south side of the Geki Office for Gekisei).
- 浜手の織田勢は淡輪(現岬町)から三手に分かれて孝子峠を越え、雑賀側の防衛線を突破して南下し、中野城 (紀伊国)を包囲した。
- The Oda army of the beach side separated into three groups at Tannowa (Misaki-cho at present), went over the Kyoshi Pass, went down south, breaking the defense line of the Saiga side and besieged the Nakano-jo Castle (Kii Province).
- 特に身分差別に苦しんだ朝鮮民衆は緒戦の混乱に乗じて官庁や被差別身分を示す書類を焼き払った例が朝鮮側資料により知られている。
- It is known from materials in Korea that Korean common people who suffered from class discrimination set fire to governmental offices and documents on discriminated classes.
- また元軍は毒矢・てつはう(鉄火砲)など、日本側が装備しない武器を活用したことにより、各地で日本軍は圧倒されたと言われている。
- It is also said that the Yuan army fought far better, by using weapons that the Japanese army did not have, such as poison arrows and guns.
- この邸宅の南側には後世「龍躍池」と呼ばれる広大な池が存在し、池の上には「泉殿」と呼ばれる離れが建てられ、本邸と結ばれていた。
- There was a large pond which was to be called 'Ryuyaku-ike Pond' by the later generation on the south-side of the residence, by the side of which was an outbuilding called 'Izumi-dono,' which was connected to the main building.
- 一方、外国商人側も文禄・慶長の役の失敗や関ヶ原の戦いの影響によって生じた日本の国内経済の混乱による販売不振に悩まされていた。
- Meanwhile, the foreign merchants' side also had suffered from sales slumps owing to the economic chaos in Japan which resulted from Japan's failure in the Bunroku-Keicho War and the effects of the Battle of Sekigahara.
- また、この改革により日本にはじめて土地に対する私的所有権が確立したことから、地租改正は土地制度改革としての側面を有している。
- By this reform the right of private ownership of land was established for the first time in Japan; for this reason this land-tax reform had the aspect of the land system reform.
- その夜のうちにニコライを見舞う予定であったが、ニコライ側の侍医の要請により翌日へ延期され、天皇はひとまず京都御所に宿泊した。
- The Emperor planned to visit Nicholas that night, but it was postponed to the next day on the request of Nicholas's doctor, and the Emperor stayed in the Kyoto Imperial Palace.
- ただ、各王朝の実権者の側から見れば、容易に反体制集団に利用されることが予想される緯書は、厳しく禁圧される禁書の対象とされた。
- However, these books were strictly prohibited, as persons of power during each dynasty considered them (I book) to be used by dissident groups.
- 少弐氏は肥前・対馬国の兵を率いて大内氏掃討に何度も筑前に侵入するが、逆に大内氏の側についた龍造寺氏の下克上により滅ぼされた。
- The Shoni clan invaded frequently into Chikuzen leading troops of the Hizen Province and the Tsushima Province in order to sweep the Ouchi clan, but it was ruined by gekokujo by the Ryuzoji clan who joined the side of the Ouchi clan.
- 地頭請は、収穫量の出来・不出来に関わらず毎年一定量の年貢を納入することとされていたため、地頭側の負担も決して少なくなかった。
- Jitokuke laid it down that a certain amount of nengu must be paid in spite of the success or failure of the crop yields and so the burden of the jito side was not small.
- 康正元年(1455年)、5代公方の足利成氏は室町幕府側と対立し、下総国古河(茨城県古河市)に逃れて、以後「古河公方」となる。
- The fifth kubo, Nariuji ASHIKAGA competing with Muromachi bakufu ran away to Koga of the Province of Shimousa (Koga City, Ibaraki Prefecture) in 1455 and, since then, became Kogakubo (descendants of one of the Ashikaga families that held the office of the Kanto district administrator).
- 管領畠山基国の軍勢2000余騎が北側の一の木戸、二の木戸を打ち破り、三の木戸まで攻め寄せ700人余が死傷する激戦を展開する。
- On the north, kanrei Motokuni HATAKEYAMA's force of 2000 men broke through Ichinoki and Ninoki gates, pushing their assault as far as Sannoki gate in what developed into a bitterly fought battle that left more than 700 dead or wounded.
- 義政は、母日野重子や愛妾今参局らに囲まれ、家宰の伊勢貞親や季瓊真蘂等の側近の強い影響を受けて育ち気まぐれな文化人に成長した。
- Surrounded by mother Shigeko HINO and beloved concubine Imamari no tsubone and strongly influenced by close aides including Kasai vassal leader Sadachika ISE and Shinzui KIKEI, Yoshimasa grew into a capricious man of culture.
- 義昌もその一人であるが、勝頼の側も秋山支援に動かなかったため義昌に不信感を抱いており、両者の関係は急速に冷却化しつつあった。
- Yoshimasa was one of his followers who were disappointed in Katsuyori; Katsuyori also distrusted Yoshimasa, who took no action to defend Akiyama, and the relationship between Yoshimasa and Katsuyori deteriorated quickly.
- 主謀者の後鳥羽上皇、そして後鳥羽の系譜の上皇・皇子が流罪に処せられ、仲恭天皇は退位、朝廷側の貴族・武士も多くが死罪とされた。
- The leader, Retired Emperor Gotoba, as well as the retired emperors and imperial princes related to him were sent into exile, while Emperor Chukyo was deposed and many of the nobles and samurai of the imperial faction were executed.
- 紀伝道の統合期に活躍した文章博士である菅原清公は大学頭を兼務してその発展に貢献し、大学寮の北側に文章院という学舎を設置した。
- Monjo hakase SUGAWARA no Kiyokimi, who was active at the time of the merger of kidendo, also served as daigaku no kami (Director of the Bureau of Education), contributing to the development of the subject and founding a school to the north of the daigakuryo called monjoin.
- 山背大兄王の側近の三輪文屋君は東国へ逃れて再挙することを勧めるが、山背大兄王は民に苦しみを与えることになると取り上げなかった。
- When Prince Yamashiro no Oe's close adviser, MIWA no Fumiya no Kimi, suggested him to escape to the east, he turned down this offer by saying he did not want the citizens to suffer anymore.
- この点は朝鮮側の国際情勢に関する疎さに由来するものであって、日本側が本来意図していた条約項目はそのまま締結される運びとなった。
- As Korea was ignorant about international affairs, the provisions prepared by Japan were concluded without any amendments.
- 駐日イギリス公使パークスも、日本の朝鮮への要求が日本に対する欧米側の要求よりも上まわっていることについて、非常に注目していた。
- Parkes, the English minister to Japan, paid great attention to the point that the Japanese demand to Korea was heavier than that from Europe and the United States to Japan.
- 1877年には鹿児島県で私学校生徒ら薩摩士族が西郷を擁立して、最大規模となる西南戦争が起こるが、これも士族側の敗戦に終わった。
- In 1877, Seinan War, the largest one, broke out in Kagoshima Prefecture raised by shizoku from Satsuma including students of Shigakko (school mainly for warriors), backing up Saigo, but again shizoku side was defeated.
- 奥右筆は将軍以外の他者と私的な関係を結ぶことを禁じられていたが、将軍への文書の取次ぎは側用人と奥右筆のみが出来る職務であった。
- Although Oku-yuhitsu was prohibited from making any personal contacts with people other than Shogun, only Sobayonin (lord chamberlain) and Oku-yuhitsu could serve as Toritsugi (an attendant who serves Shogun by informing of a visitor and convey the message).
- このため一般行政文書の作成・管理を行う既存の表右筆と将軍の側近として将軍の文書の作成・管理を行う奥右筆に分離することとなった。
- Consequently, Yuhitsu was separated into two kinds, Omote-yuhitsu, preparing and managing Monjo related to general administrative matters, and Oku-yuhitsu, preparing and managing Monjo related to the Shogun as his close associates.
- 伏見城は豊臣秀吉が築き上げた巨郭であったが、兵力差から考えれば短時日で決着するはずの戦いであったが、攻城側は苦戦を強いられた。
- Fushimi-jo Castle was a huge building built by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, and the battle should have come to an end in a short period of time given the difference in the size of the forces; however, the attacking force faced a hard time against the defensive force.
- 為基の息子三沢清長は娘・初子が藩主伊達綱宗の側室(伊達綱村生母・綱宗には正室はいなかった) となった事から重臣の待遇を受けた。
- Kiyonaga MISAWA, a son of Tamemoto, was treated as a senior vassal because his daughter Hatsuko became a concubine of Tsunamune DATE, the head of the Date Domain, who had no legal wife (Hatsuko was the real mother of Tsunamura DATE).
- これに基づいて2度の「国憲草案」(1876年10月及び1878年10月)が作成されたが、正院側からは酷評されて採用されなかった。
- Based on this, 'draft constitution' was made twice (in October 1876 and in October 1878), but it was not adopted, because the Central State Council savaged it.
- 結果として鎮圧側につくことでこれらの目的を達成しようとする者が雪崩的に増加し、叛乱的な条件闘争を図った側を圧倒して乱は終結した。
- There was a great increase in the number of Samurai working with the Imperial army; the Samurai that sided with the rebels were outnumbered, thus putting an end to the conflict.
- 以上の経緯から「勅命講和」という方式での和議を提案したのは信長側であったが、実際の講和申し入れは本願寺側からあったものと言える。
- From above, it can be said that the actual proposal of the peace talks was made by Hongan-ji Temple although it was Nobunaga who suggested compromise in the form of an imperial order.
- 2008年、徳川記念財団の調査により徳川宗家文書から訴状留(側近が訴状内容をまとめたもの)が発見され貴重な資料として注目される。
- In 2008, sojodome (the contents of petitions collected by close associate) was found from the documents of the head of the Tokugawa family in the survey conducted by the Tokugawa Memorial Foundation and is attracting attentions as an important material.
- 弾はほとんどあたらず頭上を飛び越して、居留地の反対側にある旧幕府の兵庫運上所(神戸税関)の屋上に翻る列国の国旗を穴だらけにした。
- Most of the bullets passed over their heads instead of hitting them and made holes in foreign flags flying on the rooftop of Hyogo Unjo- sho (Kobe custom office) of the former bakufu located on the other side of the settlement.
- ただし、幹線道路は、地形上の有利不利を問わず、権力者の威光を示すために、城の裏に当たる搦手側は通さず、表に当たる大手側を通した。
- However, regardless of disadvantages/advantages geographically, main route roads did not go through the back of the castle but passed through the Ote side or front side of the castle to indicate the glory of the ruler.
- 軍事貴族は他の技能官人層の中下級貴族と同様、摂関家など有力貴族の家司や治天の君の院司として私的に奉仕するという側面も持っていた。
- Just like low to middle-class aristocrats who were technical officers, military aristocrats may privately have served as keishi (household superintendents) of powerful aristocrats such as regents or as inshi (officials at the Retired Emperor's Office) of Chiten no kimi (retired emperor).
- 4月24日には、大学当局が吉田寮の建て替えに関する基本方針についての説明会が開催され、吉田寮側からは60名ほどの参加者があった。
- The authority of Kyoto University convened on April 24 a meeting to explain the basic policy for reconstruction and about 60 persons of the Yoshida dormitory side participated in this meeting.
- さらに薩摩藩は旧幕府側を混乱させ戦端を開かせる誘いとして、西郷隆盛の命令で江戸で藩士に強盗や狼藉を行わせ騒擾を引き起こしていた。
- Moreover, the Satsuma Domain had allowed Takamori SAIGO order his retainers to cause a disturbance in Edo by committing robbery and violence in order to cause chaos in the former Shogunate and start a war.
- 義政は29歳になって、富子や側室との間に後継男子がないことを理由に、将軍職を実弟の浄土寺門跡義尋に譲って隠居することを思い立つ。
- At the age of 29, Yoshimasa thought of retiring, transferring the position of Shogun to his real younger brother Yoshihiro, Monzeki (chief priest of a temple qualified to accept a member of the imperial family or of the nobility) of Jodoji Temple, by reason of the absence of an inheriting son, born to either Tomiko or the concubine.
- このため、土佐藩側はこれを逮捕しようとして捕らえるのではなく、咄嗟に発砲し、フランス人11人を殺傷または、海に落として溺死させた。
- Therefore, the Tosa retainers fired a gun at once instead of arresting them, and killed, wounded or drowned eleven French people.
- しかし、1896年の大洪水でさらに鉱毒が拡大し、対策がなされていないことが判明すると、農民側は示談契約書を根拠に再度交渉を行った。
- However, by the floods of 1896, damages from the mining pollution spread, and it revealed the fact that no measures had been taken, and the peasants negotiated again with the company using the agreement of composition for the evidence.
- このとき、古河側が農民に若干の示談金を与えるかわりに、それ以前、以後の鉱毒被害の請求権を放棄するという内容の永久示談に切り替えた。
- In this negotiation, the Furukawa side changed their policy to offer a final composition that they would give some money and in return demand the abandonment of the right in the future to claim against them for damages by the mining pollution.
- 安忠の子柳沢吉保は綱吉の腹心となり、綱吉が5代将軍になると元禄元年(1688年)1万石を与えられて側用人になり、松平姓を許された。
- Yoshiyasu YANAGISAWA, the son of Yasutada, became a confidant of Tsunayoshi, and when Tsunayoshi became the fifth shogun, Yoshiyasu was given 10,000 koku, became a goyonin (one of the most senior retainers of the shogun) and was allowed to use the name MATSUDAIRA.
- 古来、攻城側は守城側の10倍は必要とされていることからすれば、いかに剽悍な薩摩兵とはいえ、1対3での包囲強襲は無謀な作戦と言える。
- Traditionally, it had been said that the besiegers had to be ten times as strong as the defenders; therefore, the plan to press a siege against the castle with the ratio of 1:3: would have been reckless for the Satsuma soldiers however fierce and cunning they were.
- そして再び高麗に命令し、使節として高麗国王元宗 (高麗王)の側近であった起居舎人・潘阜が派遣され、1268年正月に大宰府へと到着。
- He then ordered Goryeo again, and Hanpu, who was a secretary close to King Wonjong of Goryeo, was sent as envoy and reached Dazai-fu (local government office in the Kyushu region) in January 1268.
- しかし総じて明初期の思想界は朱子学的側面が強く、呉与弼や陳献章にせよ、本人としては朱子学の実践を行っているつもりであったのである。
- But in general, ideological circles in the Ming period were largely under the influence of Shushigaku, and even Wu Yubi (Kangzhai) and Chen Xianzhang must have thought they were practicing Shushigaku.
- 藩の内側は征夷大将軍と江戸幕府の権威・権力の枠の内側で一定の自立した政治・経済・社会のまとまりを持ち、小さな国家のように機能した。
- Certain self-sustained politics, economy and society were well organized inside Han within a framework of the authority of the seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') and the Edo bakufu, so the inside of Han functioned like a small country.
- 近隣の麻田藩では大坂商人で西本願寺家臣の石田敬起(大根屋小右衛門)による改革で藩札は農民側の管理に委ねられて適切に運用されていた。
- In nearby Asada Domain, a reform was conducted by Takaoki ISHIDA (Koemon DAIKONYA), the vassal of Nishi Hongan-ji Temple, and as a result their han bills were managed and circulated properly by peasants.
- これは、公地公民の原則が、当時の社会へ強力に貫徹していた訳ではなく、あくまで理念として掲げられていた側面が強かったことを示唆する。
- This suggests that the Kochi Komin principle did not penetrate into the society at that time but that the principle was rather used as a banner in advocating the ideal.
- 日本国との平和条約により主権を回復した後、冷戦下の西側陣営として日本国とアメリカ合衆国との間の相互協力及び安全保障条約を締結した。
- After restoring its sovereignty by concluding peace treaties, Japan concluded a Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan as a nation of the Western Bloc in the cold war state.
- 明治7年(1874年)、浜側町が呉服町に編入、風呂屋町が紙子屋町と下板橋町に編入されて消滅し、この時点での町数は267町であった。
- In 1874, Hamagawa town was integrated into Gofuku town, and Furoya town disappeared to be integrated into Kamikoya town and Shimoitabashi town, resulting in number of towns at that time of 267.
- 1466年(文正元年)7月、突然、義政は側近の伊勢貞親・季瓊真蘂らの進言で斯波武衛家の家督を斯波義廉から取り上げ斯波義敏に与えた。
- In July 1466, at the recommendation of his aides including Sadachika ISE and Shinzui KIKEI, Yoshimasa suddenly deprived Yoshikado SHIBA of the Shiba Buei family headship and bestowed it on Yoshitoshi SHIBA.
- また、筒井順慶は参戦に応じ配下を山城に派兵していたが、極秘裏に秀吉側に寝返り、9日に郡山城 (大和国)で籠城支度を始めてしまった。
- On the other hand Junkei TSUTSUI, who had agreed to join Mitsuhide's camp and sent troops to Yamashiro, turned his coat to Hideyoshi side in strict secrecy, and on June 9 began preparations for holing up in Koriyama-jo Castle (in Yamato Province).
- この環濠集落の直径が約200メートルで、西側が自然河川に繋がっており、北側と東側、南側には、幅約20メートルの濠が巡っているらしい。
- The moat settlement spanned approximately 200 m across, and while the village was directly facing the natural river on the west side, it was apparently surrounded by a moat of about 20 m wide on the north, east and south sides.
- 土佐藩軍艦府は、警備の藩兵に取締を命じ、帰艦を諭示させたが、言葉が通じず、混雑もあって、水兵側は土佐の隊旗を倒伏、逃亡しようとした。
- The Gunkan-fu (warship section) of the Tosa Domain ordered Tosa security retainers to police the sailors and urge them to return to their ship; confused as a result of the language barrier and the congestion in the area, however, the French sailors tried to escape from the security retainers, knocking over a flag of the Tosa security group in the process.
- だが、住民からは旧幕府軍に対する反感が増し、新政府側のゲリラ組織「遊軍隊」に参加したり、新政府軍に内通する者も出てくる始末であった。
- However, residents' antipathy to the Old Bakufu was increasing, and some of them joined the 'Yuguntai', a guerrilla standing on the new government side, or worked as spies for the new government army.
- それにより、非御家人である荘園領主側である公家や寺社にも御成敗式目による訴訟が受け入れられてその一部が公家法などにも取り入れられた。
- Therefore suits using the Goseibai-shikimoku were also accepted by higokenin (non-vassals) such as court nobles, temples and shrines who were the lords of private estates and a part of those were adopted also in the kugeho.
- (富樫満成がかけられた義持妻妾との密通容疑は後に別件で失脚した同じく義持側近の赤松持貞に対しても容疑としてかけられたものであった。)
- (Both Mitsunari TOGASHI and Mochisada AKAMATSU, close attendants of Yoshimochi, were accused of adultery with a wife of Yoshimochi, and AKAMATSU received his downfall related to another case later.)
- しかし片側1車線が整備された区間と1.0車線の離合不可能な狭路の区間が断続的に繰り返し、急勾配や急カーブが連続する峠道となっている。
- Although, it is a slap with series of steep hills and sharp curves that well maintained sections with double lane and narrow sections at 1.0-lane wide, where a vehicle cannot pass an oncoming car, continue intermittently.
- 「三職推任問題」での信長の対応をみて、朝廷側が、信長は朝廷を滅ぼす意思を持っているのではないかと考えたことを根拠の一つとして挙げる。
- One of grounds for this view is that the imperial court might consider that Nobunaga had an intention to overthrow the imperial court surmising from Nobunaga's response with respect to 'sanshokusuininnmonndai' (matters related to the Imperial Court's offer to Nobunaga to appoint him to Semi Daishogun, Daijo Daijin, or Kanpaku according to Nobunaga's wish).
- この間、時宗は非常事態への迅速な対処を名目として、時間のかかる合議ではなく、一門や側近(御内人という)らと専断で政策決定していった。
- During this time, in the name of a rapid response to the emergency, Tokimune made policies at his own discretion with only clansmen and close aides (Miuchibito (private vassals of the tokuso)), bypassing the parliamentary system which took a lot of time.
- この事件は、日本の挑発行動から発生した明らかな侵略行為であったが、日本側は逆に江華島事件をきっかけに条約を締結することを目論んでいた。
- This aggressive incident was clearly caused by the provocative behavior of Japan, but the Japanese aimed to use the Ganghwa Island incident as an opportunity to conclude the treaty.
- この時、日本が朝鮮に出兵する可能性を清朝より知らされた朝鮮側では、李裕元や朴珪寿を中心に日本からの国書を受理すべしという声が高まった。
- At that time Korea was informed by the Qing dynasty of the possibility that Japan would dispatch troops, so Yuan YU, Gyu-su PARK and others insisted that Korea should receive the sovereign's message of Japan.
- フランス公使レオン・ロッシュは2月19日、在阪各国公使と話し合い、下手人斬刑・陳謝・賠償などの5箇条からなる抗議書を日本側に提示した。
- On March 12, A minister to France, Leon Roches, had a meeting with Osaka-based other foreign ministers and provided a protest note to the Japanese government, which consisted of five articles requesting the beheading of the murderers, government apology, compensations, and so forth.
- 特に大規模なものは1897年5月の第3回目の予防令で、古河側に、排水の濾過池・沈殿池と堆積場の設置、煙突への脱硫装置の設置を命令した。
- The most important measure was the third prevention order implemented in May, 1897 which mandated Furukawa to make filtration basins and deposit basins and deposit sites, and to install desulphurization equipments on chimneys.
- そのために朝鮮との交渉に際し、事前に日本側はペリーの『日本遠征記』を研究し、交渉姿勢から後に締結する条約に至るまで模倣したと言われる。
- In order to do this, before starting negotiations with Korea the Japanese side studied 'Narrative of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan' written by Perry, so that they could imitate the attitude toward negotiations and later achieve conclusion of the treaty.
- (一方、賀茂氏側も暦道における自己の立場を主張し、鎌倉時代に入ると本来は陰陽頭が中心となる御暦奏の儀式において安倍氏が陰陽頭の場合には
- (Meanwhile, the Kamo clan also claimed their position in rekido: in the Kamakura period, when a member of the Abe clan was onmyo no kami, the Kamo clan insisted that the ceremony of goryaku no so (the annual presentation of the calendar to the emperor), which had been conducted mainly by onmyo no kami, should be conducted by reki hakase.
- 長和は当初は佐幕派であったが、次第に新政府側に傾いてゆき、明治天皇が東京へ行幸するときには天皇の奉送や京都守衛などで功績を挙げている。
- Nagakazu who was on Sabaku-ha (supporters of the Shogun) at the beginning gradually leant toward the new government side, and when Emperor Meiji visited Tokyo, he rendered distinguished service in sending off the Emperor and in guarding Kyoto.
- 日本側が韓国併合は現在において「もはや無効」であるという立場をとることで日韓併合条約の締結自体は合法であったという考えを内包している。
- Japan has adopted a stance that the annexation of Korea is 'no longer valid' today, which implies the conclusion that the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty itself was legal.
- 独立後の韓国の歴史学者・学会は、日本による統治を正当化する日本側の歴史研究を「植民地史観」と呼び、これを強く批判することから出発した。
- Calling the Japanese historical research justifying the Japanese rule 'colonial historical view,' South Korean historians/academic societies started their research from the strong criticism of that after Korea's independence.
- これは、南側に階段のある出入り口を持つ約5メートル×4メートル、深さ80センチメートルの隅丸方形のもので内部に炉が見られるものである。
- This type of dwelling is quadrilateral-shaped measuring roughly 5 by 4 meters, with a stepped entrance on the south side leading inside that is 80 cm in depth and a fireplace located inside.
- このうち、列強側の維持費の都合から長崎では1876年、横浜では1877年に居留地の返還が行われたが、他の居留地は依然として継続された。
- Among the various settlements, two were restored to Japanese sovereignty due to escalating maintenance costs for the great powers maintaining them, namely Nagasaki in 1876 and Yokohama in 1877, but the other settlements continued unchanged.
- 受領のみが任国に赴任し、京から伴った私的な側近を目代に任命し、また現地の有力富豪層を在庁官人に任命して国衙の実務に当たるようになった。
- The zuryo alone was dispatched to the province and carried out the practical business as the kokuga by appointing his private aides brought from Kyoto to the post of mokudai (deputy kokushi, or a deputy provincial governor); he also employed the locally influential and wealthy people as the zaichokanjin (the local officials).
- 飛鳥時代には、豊浦宮は飛鳥の西方、飛鳥川を挟んだ対岸にあり、小墾田宮は飛鳥の北側の小墾田(小治田)と称される地域にあったとされている。
- It is said that in the Asuka period, Toyura no Miya Palace was located to the west of Asuka, was on the other side across the Asuka-gawa River, and Oharida no Miya Palace was in the region called Oharida (also known as Owarida) to the north of Asuka.
- 高野山側は伊都郡・那賀郡 (和歌山県)・有田郡の領内の武士を総動員し、軍師橋口隼人を中心に「高野七砦」をはじめとする多数の砦を築いた。
- The side of Koyasan mobilized all samurai in the territories of Ito County, Naga County (Wakayama Prefecture) and Arida County and built many forts such as 'Koya seven forts' led by a strategist Hayato HASHIGUCHI.
- 全国の外様大名を大動員して行われた外堀工事は1636年に竣工し、ここに御成門から浅草橋門に至る江戸城の「の」の字の外側の部分が完成した。
- The construction of the moat, which required a massive mobilization on the part of tozama daimyo, was finished in 1636, and marked the completion of a outer portion of the spiral-shaped urban layout that spanned the Onari-mon and Asakusabashi-mon gates.
- 3日、早朝の霧に乗じた薩軍の急襲を別働第3旅団は激闘5時間の末、これを退け、追撃して緑川を越えて薩軍の側背を衝き、進んで甲佐を占領した。
- On April 3, the Satsuma army raided the detached 3rd brigade under the cover of fog in the early morning, but the brigade drove back the Satsuma army after a five-hour fierce battle, chased it across the Midori-kawa River, attacked the back side and the flank of the Satsuma army, and seized Kosa after further advancement.
- そこへ土佐藩ら公議政体派が巻き返しを図り、12日には肥後藩・筑前藩・阿波藩などの代表が御所からの軍隊引揚を薩長側に要求する動きを見せた。
- Furthermore, those in favor of parliamentary regime including Tosa Domain attempted to regain of power, and representatives from Higo, Chikuzen, and Awa Domains requested Satsuma and Choshu to withdraw the army from the Imperial Palace on the 12th.
- ところが、1月16日に結集した「ポーハタン」以下七隻の内、蒸気船二隻と帆船三隻が安房国(千葉県)洲崎を砲撃した、と日本側の古文書にある。
- However, according to an ancient Japanese text, among the seven ships, including the Powhatan, that gathered on January 16, two steamers and three sailing ships bombarded Susaki in Awa Province (present-day Chiba Prefecture).
- 村国男依らに率いられて直進した大海人皇子側の部隊は7月7日 (旧暦)(8月8日)に息長の横河で戦端を開き、以後連戦連勝して進撃を続けた。
- Prince Oama's army led by MURAKUNI no Oyori moved forward and opened war at Okinaga no Yokokawa on August 8 and after that, marched into enemies with a series of victories.
- 広域政権側が政権安定のために豪族層の政権内への取り込みを行ったり、逆に広域政権の支配力が弱まると地方官が豪族化することがあるからである。
- This is because the broader-based political power incorporated a class of Gozoku into their administration in order to stabilize the political power, or adversely Chihokan became Gozoku when the ruling power of the broader-based political administration weakened.
- 幕末期、本藩側は佐幕派に対し稲田側では尊王派であり、稲田側の倒幕活動が活発化していくにつれ本藩側との対立をさらに深めていくようになった。
- At the end of the Edo period, the Honpan side were supporters of the bakufu, but the Inada side were royalists, so the more the Inada side acted to overthrow the bakufu, the more serious their confrontation with the Honpan side became.
- その一方で教養部自治会のように大学側の主張に同意する自治会が現れるなど、一時は思想や運動方針の相違に起因する自治会同士の対立も発生した。
- In the meantime, some councils, such as the council of the department of liberal arts, conceded the decision of the university, and confrontation among councils arising from differences in philosophy or policy for movements also became apparent.
- このほか、東側を並行する小町大路(現在の通称:辻説法通り、三浦道等)、同じく西側の今大路(同:今小路)が、南北線の基幹大路を成していた。
- In addition, streets running parallel in the east -- Komachi-oji street (today also known as Tsujiseppo dori (Preaching Street) and the Miura-do Street, etc)--and the IMAOJI (today also known as Imakoji) running west constituted the major north-to-south Oji.
- 保元の乱(ほうげんのらん)は、平安時代の保元元年(1156年)に崇徳天皇と後白河天皇が対立し、上皇側に天皇側が奇襲を仕掛けた事件である。
- The Hogen Disturbance occurred during the first year (1156) of the Hogen era in the Heian period, when Emperor Sutoku and Emperor Goshirakawa had a dispute, and the Emperor's side made a surprise attack on the retired emperor's side.
- また北側、安土山(現在の安土城)の方向になると、曲輪はないものの尾根沿いに切岸と巨大な土塁をもって防衛ラインを形成したと考えられている。
- Although its north side, in the direction of Mt. Azuchi (now Azuchi-jo Castle) did not have any Kuruwa for the defense, they created a defense line along the mountain ridge by creating Kirigishi (bluff) and huge earthworks.
- 一方、包囲側の明軍も最低でも数万以上と推測される大軍を長期間展開するだけの食糧は無かった上に、島津軍の奇襲によって食料庫を焼失している。
- On the other hand, Ming army with at least several ten thousand soldiers that surrounded the castle lacked food required to move the huge army and lost the food warehouse from the surprise attack of Shimazu army.
- 徳川家が長政の娘(崇源院)を娶っている関係上、徳川家の意により後に浅井側の活躍を誇張したもので実際は始めから織田側が圧倒していたとする説。
- A theory suggests that because Nagamasa's daughter (Sugenin) had married to one in the Tokugawa clan, later the performance of Azai side was exaggerated deliberately by the Tokugawa clan and, in reality, Oda side overwhelmed Azai from the beginning.
- さらに朝鮮政府の中央では大院君の支持者が交渉中止を求めたために議論が紛糾し、東莱政府も確実な回答を日本側に伝えることが不可能となっていた。
- In addition, because at the center of the Korean government, the supporters of Daewongun demanded halting the negotiation, the discussions became complicated, and it also became impossible for the Torai government to give a firm reply to the Japanese government.
- 正徳は江戸時代の6代将軍徳川家宣・7代徳川家継の治世の年号で、主に将軍侍講(政治顧問)の新井白石と側用人の間部詮房らが実際の政権を担った。
- Shotoku is the name of an era ruled by the sixth shogun Ienobu TOKUGAWA and the seventh shogun Ietsugu TOGUGAWA when mainly Hakuseki ARAI, the shogun's teacher and Akifusa MANABE, the lord chamberlain took the reins of government.
- 同年9月2日夜半、荒木村重は5,6名の側近を引き連れ、夜陰にまぎれて船で猪名川を下って、息子荒木村次にいる尼崎城(大物城)へ移っていった。
- In the middle of the night on October 2, 1579, Murashige ARAKI took along five to six close aides and moved to Amagasaki-jo Castle (Daimotsu-jo Castle) where his son, Muratsugu ARAKI lived by shooting the Ina-gawa River by a boat under the cover of night.
- しかし、岩切らは石貫東側台地からの瞰射に苦しみ、熊本隊は増援を得た第十四連隊右翼に妨げられて、激戦対峙すること2時間、夜になって退却した。
- The IWAKIRI's troop reversely had a hard time under plunging fire from the plateau on east of Ishinuki, and the Kumamoto-tai troop was intercepted by the right flank of the reinforced 14th regiment; after a two-hour fierce battle and confrontation, the troops retreated in the night.
- さきの討幕の密勅は、慶喜の大政奉還を想定した上で、主導権を持たない岩倉具視ら倒幕派の中下級公家と薩長側の非常手段として画策したものである。
- The said secret Imperial command of attacking the shogunate was planned as emergency measures by middle- and lower-graded court nobles without initiative including Tomomi IWAKURA, and Saccho (Satsuma and Choshu), under the supposition that Yoshinobu would carry out Taisei Hokan.
- このような対馬藩の形振り構わぬ工作活動の結果、朝鮮側は(満州の女真族(後金)の勢力拡大で北方防備の必要もあったため)交渉に宥和的となった。
- As a result of such desperate maneuver activities by the Tsushima Domain, Korea became appeased and positive with the negotiations (partly because the need for northern defense increased due to the expanded power of the Joshin tribe [Kokin] in Manchuria.)
- そうした内情を知らされていなかった国民の多くはロシアから多額の賠償金を取ることができると踏んでいたが、ロシア側は賠償金の支払いを拒否する。
- Most of people who hadn't been informed of the circumstances expected to be able to get a large amount of reparations from Russia, but the Russian side refused to pay the reparations.
- しかし6月26日頃には、仁位郡(実録では尼老郡)で対馬側の伏兵に遭い多大な損害を受け、李従茂の軍は尾崎浦まで退却、戦局は膠着状態に陥った。
- But around June 26, Korean forces fell into an ambush by warriors from Tsushima in the Nii district (or the Amaro district according to the True Record), in which they suffered significant casualties, prompting Jong Mu YI to withdraw his army back to Osaki inlet and leaving the outcome of the war an uneasy stalemate.
- 「サブラフ」は「侍」の訓としても使用されていることからもわかるように、平安時代にはもっぱら貴人の側にお仕えするという意味で使用されていた。
- 'mandafu' was used to read the character '侍,' indicating that it was used as a word to indicate service to a nobleman.
- 同年6月、幽閉されていた義材は、側近らの手引きで越中国射水郡放生津へ下向し、政長の重臣であった婦負郡・射水郡分郡守護代・神保長誠を頼った。
- In June of the same year, Yoshiki, who had been confined, went from Kyoto to Hojo-du, Izumi county, Ecchu Province with the help of his close aides, relying on Naganobu JINBO, a chief vassal of Masanaga and deputy of the divided counties Nei and Izumi who had been appointed by a shugo.
- 1996年(平成8年)10月31日、近接していた学生集会所(サークル棟)向かいの建物からの失火が原因とされる火災で旧食堂の西側を焼失した。
- On October 31, 1996, the west side of the former dining room was burnt down due to an accidental fire occurring in the building situated on the opposite of the student meeting place (building for club activities).
- 天王山にいた黒田・秀長・神子田の隊は、中川・高山両隊を側面から襲うべく接近してきた松田政近・並河易家両隊と交戦し、一進一退の攻防が続いた。
- Kuroda's, Hidenaga's and Mikoda's corps, positioned on Mt. Tennozan, fought against the corps of Masachika MATSUDA and of Yasuie NAMIKAWA having approached Nakagawa's and Takayama's on the flank, and a seesaw match ensued.
- 朝鮮国内においては、国籍によって裁判の管轄を分けるが、日本国内においては一切朝鮮側の領事裁判権を認めないという点で片務的なものとなっている。
- It was a one-sided treaty, because while the jurisdiction of trial was divided depending on nationality in Korea, the consular jurisdiction of Korea was never admitted in Japan.
- 大名が即日切腹というのは異例のことで、目付多門重共も遺恨の内容などについてもっと慎重な取調べが必要だと訴えたが、側用人柳沢吉保に退けられた。
- It was very rare for a feudal lord to commit seppuku on the same day, and although the inspector Shigetomo OKADO claimed the necessity to investigate this revenge, it was turned down by the lord chamberlain Yoshiyasu YANAGISAWA.
- 竹添進一郎在朝鮮公使など日本側の協力のもと、放火は失敗するものの概ね計画は順調に進み、閔泳翊ら閔氏一族を殺害、開化派が新政府樹立を宣言した。
- Since the plan generally went smoothly in cooperation with Japan, headed by the Japanese ambassador to Korea Shinichiro TAKEZOE, in spite of the failure of the fire-setting, the Progressive Party killed the Min family including Yeong-ik MIN and stated the establishment of a new government.
- 彦根藩と高田藩が小瀬川であっさりと壊滅したが幕府歩兵隊と紀州藩兵が両藩に替わって戦闘に入ると幕府・紀州藩側が押し気味ながらも膠着状況に陥る。
- Although the Hikone clan and the Takada clan were destroyed instantly in Ozegawa, the bakufu's infantry and the army of the Kishu clan took over them to fight back, and the situation became a stalemate with a slight predominance of the bakufu and Kishu clan side.
- 中世の倭館交易では日本側は銅、硫黄、金を輸出したが、南方物産である赤色染料のスオウ、コショウなどのスパイス類も琉球経由などで朝鮮に転売した。
- In the Medieval Period wakan trade, Japan exported copper, sulfur, and gold, and also resold the products of the south seas like sappanwood, a red dye, and spices like pepper to Korea via the Ryukyu Islands.
- 「領内が治まっていない」ことを公然と示すことができれば、領主側に匹敵する武力を集めずとも、責任問題を恐れる領主や代官への重大な圧力となった。
- Therefore, even commoners would exert great pressure on the daimyo (feudal lord) or daikan (local magistrate) by publicly showing that the territory wasn't properly administered, without preparing the military forces comparable to their lord because the lords were very afraid of having their responsibility questioned.
- 太平洋側で豪雨になりやすいのが、梅雨前線が長期的に停滞するパターンや、太平洋側付近に梅雨前線、西側に低気圧がそれぞれ停滞するパターンである。
- The pattern in which baiu front stays stationary for a long time period or baiu front is stationary in the vicinity of Pacific side and low-pressure system is stationary on the west side tends to cause torrential rain on the Pacific Ocean side.
- 梅雨前線の南側を構成する2つの気団はともに海洋を本拠地とする気団(海洋性気団)のため、海洋から大量の水蒸気を吸収して湿潤な空気を持っている。
- As both of two air masses which compose the southern part of the baiu front are air masses which have an ocean as its base (martitime air mass), they absorb a large amount of moisture from the ocean and contain wet air.
- ところが、年が明けて後光厳上皇の7回忌を巡って興福寺側が帰座の約束を破棄すると、義満は積極的に朝廷に参与して自らが主導する態度を見せ始めた。
- In the next year, however, Kofuku-ji Temple argued over the sixth anniversary of the Retired Emperor Gokogen and broke its promise of shinboku kiza, so Yoshimitsu actively participated in the court administration and began to suggest that he would take the lead in the negotiations.
- 1903年8月からの日露交渉において、日本側は朝鮮半島を日本、満洲をロシアの支配下に置くという妥協案、いわゆる満韓交換論をロシア側へ提案した。
- In the negotiation with Russia from August 1903, Japan proposed that the Korean Peninsula under the Japanese control and Manchuria under the Russian control, in a compromise known as the Manchuria-Korea Trade-off.
- 無論儒教に於いて倫理学的側面は最も重要だったといえるが、だからといって大規模なパラダイム・シフトが起こったわけではなく、その点は注意を要する。
- It should be noted that Yomei-gaku did not cause a drastic paradigm shift, although ethics was undoubtedly the most important element of Confucianism.
- 信玄側にも2通の感状が確認されているが、柴辻俊六を始め、主な研究者からは、文体や書体、筆跡等が疑わしいことから、偽文書であると鑑定されている。
- It has been confirmed that two kanjo letters exist on the Takeda side as well, but they were audited as fabricated ones by major researchers including Shunroku SHIBATSUJI, because the sentence style, the character style, and the handwriting style were dubious.
- 『妙法寺記』に「郡内弥三郎殿は(中略)よこいれを成され候ひて」とあり、よこいれ=側面攻撃 をしたと言う記録が別働隊説の根拠とされることが多い。
- In 'Myohoji-ki,' he is described as 'Mr. Yasaburo GUNNAI joined the Yokoire (flanking attack),' and this description of joining the flanking attack is often used as a base of the theory that the separate troops existed actually.
- 本来、徒党を組んでの討ち入りは死罪に値するものの、忠義を奨励していた将軍綱吉や側用人柳沢吉保をはじめとする幕閣は死罪か助命かで対応に苦慮した。
- Those who made raids usually received the death penalty; however, since Shogun Tsunayoshi and the cabinet officials of the Shogunate, such as his chamberlain Yoshiyasu YANAGISAWA, encouraged heroic deeds, they struggled between terminating and saving their lives.
- 連子は天智天皇の正式な即位を見ないまま死去し、赤兄ともう一人の弟である蘇我果安は壬申の乱で弘文天皇側について敗れ、それぞれ流罪・自害となった。
- Murajiko died before Emperor Tenchi was officially enthroned, and Akae and his other younger brother SOGA no Hatayasu both of whom took the side of Emperor Kobun during the Jinshin War were respectively deported and prompted to commit suicide upon their defeat.
- 飛鳥盆地を中心として飛鳥川の東側に当たるあまり広くないところ(平地に限れば南北1.6キロ、東西0.8キロほど)と考えられていた(岸俊男など)。
- It was considered that it was not so large area mainly located in Asuka Basin and the east of the Asuka-gawa River (its flatland was equivalent to the area, 1.6 kilometers from the north to south, 0.8 Kilometers from east to west) (by Toshio KISHI, and so on).
- また、オホーツク海高気圧が5月前半に出現した場合に、北東気流の影響を受け易くなるため、関東以北の太平洋側で低温と曇雨天が長続きすることがある。
- If Okhotsk anticyclon appears in the first half of May, as it tends to be influenced by northeast airstream, on the Pacific side from the Kanto region to the north, low temperature and cloudy or rainy weather continues for a long period of time.
- 名前の由来は盆地であるこの地域の、峠と反対側の尾根から山際を眺めた際、この峠の尾根がV字に凹んでおり、これを狭間と呼んだとの伝承が残っている。
- According to lore, its name is derived from the fact that at one time, its ridge had a deep sag which was called 'Hazama' when it was viewed from the opposite ridge in the basin region.
- シベリア気団はしばしば南下して寒波をもたらし、日本の日本海側に大雪を降らせるが、チベット高原では高い山脈が邪魔して気団がそれ以上南下できない。
- The Siberia air mass comes down the south often accompanied by cold wave and brings a heavy snow to Japan on the Japan Sea side, but in Tibetan Plateau, high mountains prevent the air mass from further going down to the south.
- 味方の苦戦を見て、羽柴秀次は千石堀城がにわか造りゆえに防備は十分でないと推測し、田中吉政・渡瀬繁詮ら直属の将兵三千余を側面から城に突撃させた。
- Seeing the hard battle of his side, Hidetsugu HASHIBA guessed that the Sengokubori-jo Castle's defense was not enough because it had been built quickly and had more than 3,000 of his direct soldiers such as Yoshimasa TANAKA and Shigeaki WATARASE flank the castle.
- 結局、日本の交渉担当者は「関白降表」という偽りの降伏文書を作成し、明側には秀吉の和平条件は「勘合貿易の再開」という条件のみであると伝えられた。
- At last, the person in charge of negotiations for Japan prepared a false instrument of surrender titled 'Kanpaku kohyo' (literally, letter of surrender by Kanpaku) and it was reported to Ming that Hideyoshi's only condition for peace was 'restart of the tally trade' (between Japan and the Ming Dynasty).
- しかし京都市警察はこれを「不法デモ」とみなし午後4時45分頃デモ隊の渡橋を阻止したため、学生ともみ合いになり橋の南側欄干(当時は木製)が倒れた。
- At about 4:45, on the bridge, the march was stopped by the Kyoto City Police which regarded the march as an illegal demonstration, then a clash occurred, it turned into a tussle, and the south rail of the bridge (wooden rails at that time) broke and fell down.
- ところが、中川宮を取り込もうとしたところで折りしも発生した広沢真臣暗殺事件の捜査中であった政府側に情報が漏れ、山縣有朋を中心に摘発に乗り出した。
- However, trying to count Nakagawa no miya in, information was leaked to the government that was investigating the assassination of Saneomi HIROSAWA, Aritomo YAMAGATA and others started to investigate what was happenening.
- 皇族・寺社・摂関領などを例外として、全ての荘園年貢について、本所側と守護側武士(半済給付人という)とで均分することを永続的に認めるものであった。
- The law recognized the right of samurais who were employed to serve the provincial constables (hanzei beneficiaries) to divide all customs and taxes on the manors equally with Honjo on a permanent basis, except for customs and taxes on the lands of the Imperial family, temples and shrines, and regent to the emperor.
- 院近臣の藤原定能・藤原光能が蔵人頭になったことに対抗して、平氏側からは重盛・宗盛がそれぞれ左大将・右大将になるなど、しばらくは膠着状態が続いた。
- When the cloistered government close aides, FUJIWARA no Sadayoshi and FUJIWARA no Mitsuyoshi became Kurodo no to (Head of the Imperial Officers), in competition, Shigemori and Munemori from the Taira clan side became Sadaisho (leader of the left Imperial Guards) and Udaisho (leader of the right Imperial Guards) respectively, and a stalemate continued for a while.
- 栃木県は鉱毒仲裁会をつくり、古河側が、1893年頃に農民に示談金を払い、1896年6月末までに対策を行って鉱毒をなくすという内容で示談を行わせた。
- Tochigi Prefecture conducted a meeting of arbitration of the mining pollution, and offered a composition that the Furukawa side should pay money to the peasants in around 1893 and carry out some measures to eliminate the pollution by the end of June, 1896.
- 随行員に命じて顛末を急いで書きまとめさせ、東京の明治天皇の元へ電報で上奏するとともに、ロシア側に誠意を見せるため天皇の京都への緊急行幸を要請した。
- He ordered his escort person to make a report on this incident and sent it to Emperor Meiji by telegraph, and also requested that the emperor should visit Kyoto as soon as possible in order to show sincerity toward Russia.
- それに対して新興商人側も「新座」と呼ばれる座を結成して既成の座と同様の特権を求める動きが現れ、更に「孫座」と呼ばれる第三の座すら現れる例もあった。
- In order to cope with these changes, emerging merchants began to establish za called 'shin-za' (literally, 'new za') for the sake of the same privileges as existing za had, and some of them even formed the third form of za called 'mago-za' (literally, 'grandchild's za').
- 一方、飛来地側の日本では、春にあたる2月 - 5月の4ヶ月間に年間の約90%が集中し、夏にあたる7月 - 9月は全くと言っていいほど観測されない。
- On the other hand, in Japan where kosa is brought, approx. 90 percent of kosa arriving is concentrated in the four months from February to May corresponding to spring, with almost no kosa observed in July to September corresponding to summer.
- しかしながら、主として軍事的な理由においてソウル特別市まで上る事を朝鮮側から拒否され、釜山広域市に貿易目的で設立された倭館で返礼の儀式が行われた。
- However, the Korean side did not permit the envoy to come up to Seoul Special City mainly for military reasons, and a ceremony for the return call was held at Wakan (consular office) in Pusan Metropolitan City.
- なお、中世の法慣習では、支配権を有する領主や地頭などが検断権を持つこととされていたが、支配される側の惣村が検断権を持っていた点に大きな特徴がある。
- A major feature was that the laws and customs of the medieval period specified that a lord or a Jito who had the right to rule should have the right of kendan, but the soson under control had such a right.
- ここではこの騒乱に付随して一時的に生じた南朝 (日本)側による南北朝の統一である「正平一統」(しょうへい(の)いっとう)についても併せて解説する。
- This article will also explain the Shohei Itto (Unification of Shohei) by the Southern Court that temporarily happened in relation to this disturbance.
- 滝壼の左側には鎌倉時代中期の作である不動三尊磨崖仏や、南北朝時代 (日本)前期の作とされる如意輪観音と不動三尊の石仏などがあり、当時の面影が残る。
- There are placed Magaibutsu (a Buddhist image carved into the surface of natural rock such as a cliff face, a large rock, or a stone cave) of Fudo triad which was made in the mid Kamakura period, stone images of Nyoirin Kannon (the Bodhisattva of Compassion) and Fudo triad which are believed to date from the early period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), and so on to the left of the waterfall basin; they retain the atmosphere of the time.
- 長崎の出島のごとき釜山の倭館に限定した国交を望む朝鮮側と、対馬宗氏から外交権を取り上げて外交を一元化し、開国を迫る日本との間に齟齬が生じたのである。
- There was a contradiction between Korea, which wanted to maintain diplomatic relations just in the Japanese consular office in Busan like Dejima in Nagasaki, and Japan, which attempted to unify the diplomatic route by depriving the So clan in Tsushima of their diplomatic rights and urged Korea to open the country to the world.
- その結果、宋代以後の儒学は、孔子の思想的側面(聖人の心と解釈者の心)を明らかにすることにも力を費やすことになり、結果として思弁性のあるものとなった。
- As a result, Confucianism after the Song period also placed a strong emphasis on clarifying the ideological side of Confucius (the sage's mind and reader's mind), which made Confucianism more speculative.
- これには、現地の岡本が日露和親条約の効力を否定し、樺太を日本固有の領土とみなして、ロシア側の開発を原則拒否する態度を取っていたことにも原因があった。
- This was partly caused by the stance of Okamoto, who defied the effect of the treaty between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan, regarded the island as indigenous to Japan, and in principle refused the development of the island by the Russians.
- ただし広開土王碑や、『三国史記』・『三国遺事』といった、朝鮮側の資料には、「オキナガナラシヒメあるいは倭女王の来襲」などという記述は全く見られない。
- However, there is no description such as 'Attacks by Okinagarashihime or the Queen of Wa' on the Gwanggaeto Stele and Korean materials including 'Samguk Sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms),' and 'Sangokuiji Yusa (an Anecdotal History of the Three Kingdoms in Ancient Korea).'
- したがって時代によっては、時の将軍が最も信頼する乳母や側室などが、その将軍の絶対権威のみを背景に、奥向き一切を取り仕切っていた場合もあったのである。
- Therefore, sometime a wet nurse or concubine of the Shogun at that time were trusted to administer the inner part of the house based on the Shogun's absolute authority.
- 1859年8月には朝廷工作を行なっていた水戸藩らに対して戊午の密勅が下され、ほぼ同じ時期、幕府側の同調者であった関白・九条尚忠が辞職に追い込まれた。
- In August, 1859, the government gave a secret Imperial decree to Mito Domain (who had been carrying out covert action against the Imperial Court), and at roughly the same time the chief adviser to the Emperor, Hisataka KUJO who was a government sympathizer was forced to resign his position.
- 政府は国旗国歌の強制にはならないとしたが、日教組側は法を根拠とした強制が教育現場でされていると主張、斉唱・掲揚を推進する保守派との対立は続いてきた。
- Although the government said that it did not become a constraint of national flag and anthem, Nikkyoso asserted that constraint on the basis of law was carried out in the field of education and conflict with conservative groups which promoted the raising of the national flag and chorus reading of the national anthem.
- また一方で、作者の縁者であり関東管領上杉氏と対立して永享の乱の後に殺された持氏側近一色直兼・上杉憲直らのことは「誠に志の深き者なり」などと称揚する。
- On the other hand, it praises the Mochiuji-side advisors, Naokane ISSHIKI and Norinao UESUGI, who were related with the author and opposed the Kanto kanrei Uesugi clan, as 'very committed people.'
- 大戦終結までの間、マルタ島を基地に地中海での連合国側艦船の護衛に当たり、イギリス軍艦21隻を含む延べ船舶数計788隻、兵員約70万人の護衛に当たった。
- The fleet, based on Malta, served in the Mediterranean as escorts for navy ships of the Allies until the end of the world war, escorting a total of 788 vessels including 21 British warships, and about 700 thousand navy personnel.
- 具体的には後述するが、注目すべきなのは、朝鮮側の修正要求は冊封国としての体面的なものが多く、後々問題となる領事裁判権は一切問題とならなかった点である。
- The details will be described later, but an important point was that while Korea required amendments to maintain their honor as a tributary country, they did not mind at all about consular jurisdiction, which would later become a problem.
- 第9則 指定された開港場以外において密貿易を行い、その地の官僚に摘発された時は、日本の管理官に引き渡し、日本側は没収した金品を全て朝鮮側に交付すべし。
- Regulation 9 - If illegal trade at a site outside the appointed ports was exposed by the government officials of the area, the criminal would be given over to the officer of the Japanese administration, and Japan should return all of the confiscated money and goods to Korea.
- その後も貴族院_(日本)では、山県側近の清浦奎吾の研究会_(貴族院)と平田東助の茶話会という2大会派が超然主義を奉じて、政党政治の排除の動きを行った。
- In the Kizokuin (the House of Peers), the two major factions, the study group led by Keigo KIYOURA, who was the close associate of Yamagata, and the Sawakai led by Tosuke HIRATA, continued to believe in transcendentalism and tried to eliminate party politics.
- 6代将軍となった徳川家宣は、もと甲府藩主から将軍職となったが、甲府時代から政治改革に実績のあった側用人間部詮房や学者の新井白石を起用し、改革を行った。
- The sixth Shogun Ienobu TOKUGAWA had been formerly the feudal lord of Kofu Domain, and so, in order to carry out his reforms, he promoted Akifusa MANABE and a scholar Hakuseki ARAI, both of whom had had achievements in political reforms in the Kofu Domain, to his grand chamberlain and personal staff respectively.
- 江戸期の日朝交流は豊臣秀吉による文禄・慶長の役の後、断絶していた李氏朝鮮との国交を回復すべく、日本側から朝鮮側に通信使の派遣を打診したことにはじまる。
- Diplomatic relations between Japan and Korea remained broken after the Bunroku-Keicho War, and entering the Edo period, the first action the Japan side took for restoring diplomatic relations with Yi Dynasty Korea was to sound the Korean side to send Tsushinshi.
- もっとも、当時の南北両朝の力関係から言って、北朝側はもちろん、南朝側も、この条件が遵守されるとは考えていなかったはずであり、実際にも遵守されなかった。
- However, judging from the power balance of both Southern and Northern Dynasties at that time, not only the Northern Dynasty but also the Southern Dynasty probably did not think this condition would be followed and in reality, it was not.
- また納税や返還の実行あるいは誓約が行われ神木が撤去される際にも「注連の本(もと)」と呼ばれる一種の手数料を徴収するなど、相手側に金銭的な制裁を課した。
- When the nengu was paid - or the disseized real estate (or the embezzled nengu) was returned (or promised to be returned) - to the temple or the shrine, Shinboku was removed, and the temple and the shrine imposed punitive money, such as 'shime no moto' (a kind of a commission), on the person who caused the trouble.
- また、日露の持つ利権に対しては、アメリカ資本を導入して相互の勢力を牽制させることで対抗を図ったが、袁世凱の失脚や日本側の工作もあり、うまくいかなかった。
- The Qing Dynasty also sought to introduce American capital and play them off against Japanese and Russian rights, but this failed due to the downfall of Yuan Shikai and maneuvering by Japan.
- しかしこのとき旧豊津藩士族は決起しない方針を固め、杉生らは監禁されており、談判中、豊津側の連絡を受けて到着した乃木希典率いる北九州市鎮台が秋月党を攻撃。
- However, as the warrior class of the former Toyotsu Domain decided not to rally at that time and Sugio and others were incarcerated, the Kitakyushu City Chindai Army, led by Maresuke NOGI, who had arrived on receiving the correspondence from the Toyotsu side, attacked the Akizuki-to party during the negotiation.
- この法令を施行し、それに反発する者を取締る為、今までの威圧的・牽制的な警察体制はますます強化され、戦前の警察による市民弾圧の側面もよりいっそう強まった。
- In order to enforce this law and to crack down on the opposition, as the coercive and alerting police system was reinforced, the aspect of the police repression against citizen was also strengthened.
- バビロニアでは、図形の各側面に前後左右と上の各方向を割り当て、それぞれ木星・水星・火星・土星、そして上に地母神イシュタルの現れとされた金星を対応させた。
- In Babylonia, the forward, backward, left, right, and upward directions were assigned to each side of the figure, representing Jupiter, Mercury, Mars, Saturn, and Venus for the upward, which was believed to represent the appearance of the mother goddess, Ishtar.
- 当初、柴の行為に問題無しとして念のため会津藩から医師と謝罪の使者を送り、これに対し土佐藩側も最初に名乗らなかった麻田にも落ち度があると理解を示していた。
- At first, Shiba's action was passed and the Aizu clan dispatched a doctor and a messenger to apologize to the Tosa clan; the Tosa clan responded by mentioning that Asada was also to blame for not having mentioned his name in the beginning.
- 第二に親書に記載される年紀の表記を干支から日本の年号に変更するということ、第三に使者の名称を朝鮮側が回答使兼刷還使から通信使に変更するというものである。
- The second point was to use Japanese-style year names instead of the Oriental zodiac in letters of each sovereign, and the third was that the Korean side should change the name of the envoy from Kaitoshi-ken-sakkanshi to Tsushinshi.
- その理由としては当時、李氏朝鮮は北方から後金の圧迫に忙殺されていたため、日本側の制度変更にあえて異論を挟まなかった、あるいは挟む余裕がなかったとされる。
- It is said that the reason was as follows: At that time, Yi Dynasty Korea was busy for combating pressure from the north by Kokin, and therefore, did not dispute or could not afford to dispute the system change on the Japan side.
- 尊氏は、天皇から離反しなかった武士で最強の軍事力を持っていた武者所所司(長官)の新田義貞を君側の奸であると主張し、その討伐を後醍醐天皇に対して要請する。
- Takauji next insisted that Yoshisada NITTA, shoji (chief) of the mushadokoro (the Imperial bodyguards) and the one who possessed the greatest military strength of all the samurai not yet estranged from the Emperor, was only pretending to support the Emperor and was secretly plotting against him, requesting that Emperor Godaigo let him suppress Yoshisada.
- このため秀吉は和平に際し、明の皇女を天皇に嫁がせる事や、朝鮮南部の割譲など、到底明側には受け入れられない講和条件を提示し、明の降伏使節の来朝を要求した。
- Therefore, while negotiating peace, Hideyoshi proposed conditions of peace unacceptable to Ming, such that a princess of Ming marry the emperor of Japan and the cession of the southern part of Korea and required the dispatch of an envoy to surrender from Ming.
- 戦国時代 (日本)に、丹波氏の後裔である施薬院全宗が、豊臣秀吉に側近として仕え、正親町天皇より勅命で施薬院使に任ぜられ、形骸化していた施薬院を復興する。
- During the Warring States period, Zenso YAKUIN, a descendant of the Tanba clan, served Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI as a close adviser and was appointed as the Yakuinshi by Emperor Ogimachi as an imperial order so as to reconstruct the Seyakuin that had lost its substances.
- その結果、直弼の側近だった老中安藤信正および久世広周を罷免するとともに、直弼の失政を理由に京都守護の家職を井伊家から剥奪し、松平容保を京都守護職に宛てた。
- The Shogunate dismissed Nobumasa ANDO and Hirochika KUZE, Senior Councillors of the Shogunate who were also aides of Naosuke, and banned the Ii Family from entering the profession of Kyoto-shugo (Military Governor of Kyoto) on account of Naosuke's misgovernment, while Katamori MATSUDAIRA was promoted to Kyoto-shugo (Military Governor of Kyoto).
- 本人の日誌によれば、侍への同情も感じながら、この形での処刑はフランス側が望むように戒めになるところか、逆に侍が英雄視されると理解し、中断させたそうである。
- In his own diary, the chief wrote that while he felt pity for the retainers, he also thought the execution in that manner would not serve as a warning against future killing but it would merely hero-worship the retainers and that was why he stopped the execution.
- また製糖業者保護のために「原料採集区域制度」を導入、甘蔗農家は付近の製糖工場への作物納入が義務付けられ、またその価格は工場側が決定するというものであった。
- It also introduced the 'raw material collection area system' to protect the sugar manufacturers, system in which the sugarcane farmers were required to supply their products to the sugar manufacturing factories in their neighborhood at a price determined by them.
- 進藤源四郎と小山源五左衛門は、内蔵助の側にお軽という妾をおいているが、これは江戸急進派がこれ以上激昂しないように内蔵助の放蕩をおさえようとしたのだという。
- Genshiro SHINDO and Gengozaemon OYAMA sent a mistress named Okaru to Kuranosuke in order to control his dissipated life since it could create more anger among the Edo radicals.
- 明治維新後に対馬府中藩を介して朝鮮に対して新政府発足の通告と国交を望む交渉を行うが、日本の外交文書が江戸時代の形式と異なることを理由に朝鮮側に拒否された。
- After the Meiji Restoration, the Meiji government noticed Korea to establish a new government and negotiated to have diplomatic relations, but Korea rejected them because the format of diplomatic papers was different from the one of Edo period.
- 宇治において双方が対峙中にたまたま現れた鹿(鹿は春日大社明神の使として信仰されていた)を兵士が射ようとしたことから合戦となり、大衆側に多数の戦死者が出た。
- When both of the sides faced each other in Uji, a deer, which was believed to be a messenger from the deity of the Kasuga-taisha Shrine, appeared in front of them; one solder tried to shoot it and this incident caused the battle to begin, resulting in a large number of casualties among the side of the monks.
- ところが、信輔左遷の翌年に突如関白左大臣秀次が秀吉の怒りを買って切腹を命じられ、続いて秀次の側室の父であった右大臣菊亭晴季も連座して越後国に流罪となった。
- In the following year of Nobusuke's banishment, however, Kanpaku and Sadaijin Hidetsugu infuriated Hideyoshi and was ordered to commit seppuku by him out of the blue, and in addition, the father of Hidetsugu's concubine, Udaijin Harusue KIKUTEI, was also banished to Echigo Province on guilt by association.
- しかし、対岸の大山崎を守護する津藩の裏切り(下記参照)に遭い、思いもかけない西側からの集中砲火を喰らった幕府軍は総崩れとなり、淀川を下って大坂へと逃れた。
- However, betrayed by the Tsu domain guarding Oyamazaki across the river (see below) and consequently subjected to unexpected heavy fire from the west, the Shogunate forces collapsed and fled to Osaka down the Yodo-gawa River.
- 古墳時代の4世紀中頃には、網野町に日本海側最大の前方後円墳である網野銚子山古墳(全長198メートル)、丹後町に神明山古墳(全長190メートル)が築かれた。
- Around the middle of the fourth century, in the Kofun period (tumulus period), the largest keyhole-shaped tomb mound on the Japan Sea side, Aminochoshiyama-kofun Tumulus (198 meter in entire length) was established in Amino-cho and Shinmeiyama-kofun Tumulus (190 meter in entire length) in Tango-cho.
- また、この時徳川側の講和の使者だった井伊直政が、この一連の戦いで得た武田遺臣などをつけられ、以後「井伊軍団」を組織し「赤備え」として勇名を馳せる事となる。
- Furthermore, Naomasa II, who was an envoy of Tokugawa for the pacification, gained surviving retainers of Takeda in a series of such battles, and he organized 'Ii army,' which won a name for itself as 'Akazonae' (red arms).
- そのため、幕府の支配権の及ぶ範囲は主として頼朝傘下の武士に限られ、少なくとも承久の乱までは朝廷側勢力(権門勢家)の支配権を侵害しないことを原則としていた。
- Thus, the extent of the bakufu's control was limited mainly to the samurai under Yoritomo and, in principle, at least until Jokyu War, it did not infringe on the control of Imperial Court forces (the great and powerful).
- もっとも朝鮮側にしてみれば使者は表向きが「祝賀使」であり実態は「賊探使」に過ぎず、秀吉に対して「朝貢」したつもりも「服属」したつもりも無かった訳であった。
- Although the Joseon Dynasty officially sent 'celebratory delegates,' their real intention was to learn about Japan's current situation, and they did not intend to pay 'tributes' or yield allegiance to Hideyoshi.
- 釜山の倭館は朝鮮側が日本、特に対馬藩の使節や商人を饗応するために設けた施設であったが、明治政府は対馬藩から外交権を取り上げ、朝鮮との交渉に乗り出そうとした。
- The Japanese consular office in Busan was established by Korea to entertain Japanese envoys and merchants especially from the Tsushima domain, but the Meiji government tried to deprive the Tsushima domain of the diplomatic rights and start direct negotiations with Korea.
- 家宣は大老格の柳沢吉保をはじめ側用人・松平忠周、松平輝貞ら前代の権臣を更迭したが、勘定奉行には他に適任者がいないということで引き続き荻原重秀が留任していた。
- Ienobu removed influential vassals in the previous government such as Yoshiyasu YANAGISAWA, the chief minister as well as Terusada MATSUDAIRA, the lord chamberlain, but only Shigenobu OGIWARA, the commissioner of finance stayed in his position since no other person fitted the position.
- 一揆の際には農村側に立って先導するような百姓側の代表としての意識の強いものと、支配機構の末端をになう下級官吏の面が強く一揆などの際に標的となる場合もあった。
- Some headmen (nanushi or shoya) had a strong sense of being a representative of the peasants, who led riots on farmers' side, while others became a target in uprisings because of their being the rank and file of the government in direct contact with the public.
- しかし、主力軍は地形を存分に利用した薩軍の激しい銃撃と、抜刀白兵戦に手も足も出ず、田原坂の正面突破を諦めて、西側から攻めて横平山(那智山)を奪うことにした。
- Being confronted with the Satsuma army's violent gunfight and close fighting with swords by taking advantage of the terrain, the main force gave up the frontal breakthrough of Tabaru Slope without making any counterattack and changed the plan to capture Mt. Yokohira (Mt. Nachi) by attacking the west side of the Satsuma army.
- 当時海外布教を積極的におこなっていたのはキリスト教のなかでもカトリック教会であり、プロテスタント国であったオランダにはその必要がなかったという側面もあった。
- Another reason for the permission was the fact that it was Catholic Christians that ardently conducted overseas missionary work during those days, so the Bakufu could not find a necessity to oust the Protestant Dutch.
- 秋月側は死者17名を出し(政府軍の死者2名)江川村栗河内(現・朝倉市大字江川字栗河内)へ退却、10月31日に秋月党は解散し、磯、宮崎、土岐ら七士は自刃した。
- With a death toll of 17 on the Akizuki side (two deaths in the government forces), the Akizuki-to party retreated to Kurikochi, Egawa Village (currently, Aza Kurikochi, Oaza Egawa, Asakura City) and was disbanded on October 31 and seven men including Iso, Miyazaki and Toki committed suicide.
- 県側は一揆勢が新潟町に入るのを阻止するため平島(現新潟市)に軍を集め、8日午後、北上してきた一揆勢に威嚇射撃を行い、突撃しようとした首謀者の1人を射殺した。
- The Prefectural Office mustered an army in Heijima (present-day Niigata City) in order to prevent the uprising party from entering Niigata-machi, and on the afternoon of 8th, fired warning shots against the uprising party moving toward the north, shooting one of the ringleaders who intended to charge.
- さらに我が子が世子となり、やがて将軍ともなれば、落飾した側室でも将軍生母として尼御台(あまみだい、落飾した御台所)をはるかに凌ぐ絶大な権威と権力を持ち得た。
- Furthermore, if one's own son became an heir and Shogun, even concubines already entered into priesthood could have far more authority and power as the real mother of a shogun than Ama Midai (Midaidokoro entered into priesthood).
- これは日本側から見ると武家諸法度に定められた「供割」(ともわり)と呼ばれる非常に無礼な行為で、これを見た第3砲兵隊長・滝善三郎正信が槍を持って制止に入った。
- From the viewpoint of Japan, this was a very rude act called 'Tomowari,' which was provided in Bukeshohatto (Acts for the Military Houses), so that a chief of the third battery Zenzaburo Masanobu TAKI stopped them, holding a spear.
- 日本海に面する市域一帯には、峰山町に扇谷遺跡、途中ケ岡遺跡、弥栄町に奈具遺跡など弥生時代の大遺跡があり、日本海側における文化の一大中心地であったと見られる。
- Since the following large remains of the Yayoi period were found in the area facing Japan Sea, the area is considered to have been a cultural center on the Japan Sea side: Ogitani Remains and Tochugaoka Remains in Mineyama-cho, and Nagu Remains of Yasaka-cho.
- それまでの歴史から後鳥羽は、ほどなく義時が討ち取られ、関東武士たちも帰順すると見込んでいたが、幕府側は、頼朝以来の御恩を訴え、御家人の大多数を味方につけた。
- Considering the history so far, Gotoba expected that Yoshitoki would soon be killed and that the Kanto Samurai Group would submit, but the bakufu faction called in its favors since the time of Yoritomo and allied with the majority of gokenin.
- それまで世界とは限定的な国交しか持たなかった朝鮮が、開国する契機となった条約であるが、近代国際法に詳しい人材がいなかったため、朝鮮側に不利なものとなっている。
- Korea, which had engaged in only limited diplomatic relations up to this point, was able to open the country due to the treaty, however it was unequal to the Korean side as they did not have specialists in modern international law.
- 徳川方に参加していた稲葉一鉄、更に横山城を攻めていた氏家卜全、安藤守就らが織田軍の増援として駆けつけ、浅井軍の無防備な側面を突くと浅井軍も右翼から崩れ始めた。
- Ittetsu INABA, who had belonged to Tokugawa side, and others such as Bokuzen UJIIE and Morinari ANDO, who had been attacking Yokoyama-jo Castle, rushed over there to reinforce Oda troops and attacked Azai's vulnerable side, which eventually made Azai troops start collapsing from its right side.
- かつてはこの時に「侮日掲示」を朝鮮側が行ったとされ、実際に明治日本側にそう報告されたが、近年の研究ではその報告書の記述が作為であったことが明らかとなっている。
- Previously, it was said that on this occasion Korea did 'an insulting act against Japan,' which was reported to Japan side, but according to recent studies, it is cleared that this description of the report was an artificiality one.
- 王陽明自身は「天理を存し人欲を去る」という朱子学的な側面を捨てきってはいなかったが、下で述べるように、その弟子達は人欲を自然なものとして肯定していくのである。
- Wang Yangming did not completely deny the concept close to Shushigaku that 'awareness of the heavenly principal expels human desires', but his disciples gradually began approving these desires as natural.
- 翌1864年(元治元年)、新選組が長州藩の攘夷激派を襲撃した池田屋事件の後に長州藩は京都の軍事的奪回を図り、禁裏を侵して会津藩・桑名藩などの幕府側と衝突した。
- The following year, 1864, Choshu Domain, after the Ikedaya-Incident which was a bloody raid by Shinsengumi against the patriots of Joi (principle of excluding foreigners) group of Choshu Domain, clashed with the supporters of bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) including Aizu Domain and Kuwana Domain trying to recapture Kyoto by using the military force and attacking Kinri (the Imperial Palace).
- 当時、条約の未締結国であった清国から神戸に渡ってきた華僑は、居留地には住むことができず、その西側に多く住み着き、南京町 (神戸)といった中華街を築いていった。
- Chinese abroad who came to Kobe from Qing with which Japan had not signed a treaty at that time, were not allowed to live in The Former Foreign Settlement, settling on its west side, building Chinatowns called Nanjing-machi Town (Kobe).
- そして1982年12月、寮生側との協議や意見聴取などのないまま、評議会によって「吉田寮の在寮期限を昭和61年3月31日とする」(原文ママ)との決定がなされた。
- In December 1982, the university council decided, without consultation with the members of the dormitory or hearing their opinions, that 'the time limit for staying at Yoshida dormitory is March 31, 1986' (so in original).
- 中には義政側近でありながら武田信賢との確執から西軍に奔った一色義直や六角高頼・土岐成頼のように成り行き的に参加したものも多く、その統率には不安が残されていた。
- Many of the latter's associates including Yoshinao ISSHIKI had taken part in it on account of discord with Nobukata TAKEDA in spite of their being aides to Yoshimasa or out of not-so-relevant circumstances, such as Takayori ROKKAKU and Shigeyori TOKI, leaving uncertainty about their obedience to leadership.
- この流れを伊豆多田氏と呼び、室町期には摂津と伊豆に領土を安堵されるが、永正年間(1504年 - 1520年)の将軍家家督争いで足利義稙側に付き没落したという。
- This lineage, referred to as the Izu-Tada clan, was authorized to own its lands in the Settsu and Izu provinces during the Muromachi period but is said to have been in decline in the Eisho era (A.D. 1504 - 1520) because it took the side of Yoshitane ASHIKAGA in the midst of the dispute over succession to the shogunate.
- 近代以後、日本の中国思想研究は、哲学(西欧の哲学)を模倣する必要に迫られた結果、朱子学の思弁的側面を強調し、これを以て哲学と比較可能であると見なすようになった。
- In the modern era, Japanese scholars of Chinese ideology have been required to follow philosophy (Western philosophy), and have therefore emphasized the speculative side of Shushigaku and considered it as comparable with the philosophy.
- だが、この事態に危機感を抱いた薩摩藩の暗躍に幕府側の強硬派が乗せられ、慶応4年1月3日 (旧暦)(1868年1月27日)に鳥羽・伏見の戦いに突入することになる。
- However the clandestine activities of the Satsuma Domain, who felt very much threatened by this development, successfully agitated the hard-liners of the Shogunate supporters, leading to the Battle of Toba and Fushimi on January 27, 1868.
- それを深く恨んだ研究会は、茶話会の非協力が清浦の内閣総理大臣就任を妨害したとして決別した(ただし、これを裏付ける事実はなく、研究会側の言いがかりとされている)。
- Kenkyukai held grudge against it and broke away from Sawakai, saying that Sawakai's noncooperation prevented KIYOURA from becoming a prime minister (but it is considered to be a false accusation because there were no facts that supported the case.)
- 吉良上野介は額と背中を斬られるが、側にいた旗本の梶川頼照がすぐさま浅野内匠頭を取り押さえ、また居合わせた品川伊氏、畠山義寧ら他の高家衆が吉良を蘇鉄の間に運んだ。
- Although his back and forehead were slashed, Asano Takumi no Kami was immediately held down by a hatamoto, Yoriteru KAJIKAWA, and Kira was taken to the Sotetsu Room by other koke members, including Koreuji SHINAGAWA and Yoshiyasu HATAKEYAMA.
- 社長には共同運輸側の森岡昌純が就任するなど、発足当初こそ共同運輸色が濃いものとなったが、やがては三菱系の社員が台頭し、名実ともに共同運輸は消滅することとなった。
- Also, Masazumi MORIOKA from Kyodo Unyu became the president of this new company, and thus the company seems to have been on the Kyodo Unyu side at the beginning, however, Mitusbishi employees gained power, causing Kyodo Unyu to disappear both notionally and substantially.
- 稲田側こうした一連の行動に怒った本藩側の一部過激派藩士らが、明治3年5月13日_(旧暦)(1870年6月11日)、洲本城下の稲田家とその藩士らの屋敷を襲撃した。
- One group of radical retainers on the Honpan side, who got upset about a series of unacceptable conduct of the INADA side, attacked the residences of the Inada family's and their retainers' near the Sumoto-jo Castle on June 11, 1870.
- 加えて試験を受ける学生と特定の有力貴族が通じて、学生側から有力者への利益供与などと引換にその権力を背景に省試や秀才試合格を得ようとする例も見られるようになった。
- In addition, there were cases in which students taking the exam conspired with certain nobles and persons of influence would exercise the power to let the students get through shoshi as well as the difficult official appointment examination for the 'shusai' rank in exchange for some benefits from those students.
- 威力偵察目的であったと言う傍証として、時の元の水軍には長期戦略に対する装備の用意はなく、そのため一日で矢を撃ち尽くして去っていったという、元側の記録が残っている。
- Supporting evidence of the Yuan's purpose having been reconnaissance in force is a record in the Yuan Dynasty stating that the Yuan navy then had not prepared for a long battle so that it used all their arrows within one day and left.
- つぎに「組合式」といわれる木棺は、蓋、底、左右の側板、計四枚の長方形の板と、前後の方形の小口板、時には別に仕切り板が付くこともあるが、二枚とを組み合わせて作った。
- A wooden coffin type called 'combinational type' consists of four rectangle-shaped panels, a cover, bottom part, side plates for the right and left sides, and two small square-shaped panels, which are sometimes used as partitions.
- 日本統治時代を韓国側が日帝強占期(韓国の公営放送KBS=韓国放送公社=ではこの呼称に最近統一しようとしている)、日帝時代または日政時代などと呼ぶ事が知られている。
- It is known that the period of Japan's rule is called the Japanese forced occupation period (Korean public broadcasting, KBS, Korean Broadcasting System is trying to unify the names into this), the Japanese Imperial period, or Japanese administration period by South Korea.
- 天誅組の変の際には多くの郷士が参加していが、装備の古さや天誅組側の戦略の無さなどから劣勢であり、朝廷より「天誅組は朝廷軍ではない」との正式判断が出されたため離脱。
- When Tenchu-gumi Incident occurred, many samurai in Totsukawa joined Tenchu-gumi (Heavenly Avenging Force); however, they eventually left the force due to the antiquity of the equipment, lack of strategies held by the Tenchu-gumi, and the official judgment by the Imperial Court that 'Tenchu-gumi was not an Imperial army.'
- 2006年4月20日、筑紫野市教委は、大宰府政庁跡の北端から約1.7キロメートル南で条坊の南端と推定される幅約8メートルの道路と側溝の遺構が見つかったと発表した。
- On April 20, 2006, the Tsukushino City Board of Education announced that the remains of a street about 8-meter wide and side ditch had been found that is assumed to be the southern border of jobo, in a place about 1.7 kilometers south of the north end of the remains of Dazai-fu government.
- また、徳川綱吉の側用人であった柳沢吉保の日記には、生類憐みの令に関する記述があまりなく、重要な法令とは受け止められていなかった可能性が強いのではないかと推論する。
- Moreover, there are few records regarding the law in the diary of Yoshiyasu YANAGISAWA, lord chamberlain of Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA, suggesting that there is a high possibility that the law did not have a high importance attached to it.
- 梅雨前線の活動が太平洋高気圧の勢力拡大によって弱まるか、各地域の北側に押し上げられ、今後前線の影響による雨が降らない状況になったとき、梅雨が終わったとみなされる。
- Baiu is deemed to have ended when activities of the baiu front are weakened by expansion of strength of the Pacific anticyclone or the baiu front has been forced to move the north of each area and no rain is expected because of the influence of the front.
- この出来事に大坂城の淀殿は驚き、高次夫人に使者を遣わして(淀殿の妹である初(常高院)は高次の正室として城中にあった)、停戦・降伏を求めるが大津側は断固として拒否。
- Yodo-dono (Lady Yodo; Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI's concubine and the mother of Hideyori, the heir to the Toyotomi clan) was surprised to hear of this treachery and dispatched an envoy to Takatsugu's wife (Yodo-dono's younger sister Hatsu/Joko-in was at Otsu-jo Castle as she was Takatsugu's lawful wife) to call for a truce and surrender, but the Otsu side never accepted it.
- しかし、中央集権化を進め、改革を全国的に網羅する必要があることから、藩の存在は邪魔となり、また藩側でも財政の逼迫が続いたことから自発的に廃藩を申し出る藩が相次いだ。
- Yet, the existence of domains hindered centralization and reform throughout the country, and many governors of domains voluntarily asked for the abolishment of the feudal domains because of their constant financial difficulties.
- 旧幕府側の武士を中心として明治政府から独立した政権を模索し蝦夷共和国の樹立を宣言するが箱館戦争で、翌明治2年(1869年)5月新政府軍に降伏し、戊辰戦争が終結した。
- Enomoto wanted to form a new state independent from the newly formed Meiji government and based around samurai from the previous bakufu regime, and declared that the Republic of Ezo was established, but lost the Battle of Hakodate, surrendering to the government in May 1869 and ending the Boshin War.
- 日本海側の新潟港は、江戸時代に北前船の寄港地として発展し、1868年対外開港したが、外国人の来住が少ないため、特に居留地は設置せず、市街に雑居することが認められた。
- The port of Niigata on the Sea of Japan (northern) side had been developed as an anchoring site for Kitamae-bune (cargo ships that sailed the Japan Sea) in the Edo period and was opened internationally in 1868; however, as few foreigners came and settled there, no particular settlement was established, and foreigners were permitted to live together in Niigata's urban areas.
- また、大陸側でも、広開土王碑400年条の「任那」が初出で、『宋書』では「弁辰」が消えて、438年条に「任那」が見え、451年条に「任那、伽耶」と2国が併記されている。
- Similarly, even on the mainland side, 'Mimana' appears at the very beginning of the Article of year 400 of the Gwanggaeto Stele, and from 'Sungshu' (Book of the Sung Dynasty), 'Byeonjin' disappears, and 'Mimana' appears in the Article of year 438, and lastly, in the Article of year 451, the two countries of 'Mimana, Gaya' are written down together.
- アメリカ側の記述によると、最後に本来ならメニューを持ち帰るべきところを料理その物を懐紙に包んでもって帰り、しかも、様々な料理を一緒くたに包んでいた事に驚いた、という.
- According to a recorded account by one of the Americans, the Japanese guests wrapped their food in kaishi (paper carried inside one's kimono) and returned home with it--a practice that surprised the Americans.
- 寝間を終えた中臈は「お手つき」と呼ばれ、懐妊して女子を出産すれば「お腹様」(おはらさま)、男子を出産すれば「お部屋様」(おへやさま)となり、ようやく正式な側室となる。
- Churo who slept with the shogun were called 'Otetsuki' (person who slept with a shogun) and, if she got pregnant and delivered a girl, she was called 'Oharasama', and if she delivered a boy, she was called 'Oheyasama', and then finally became a concubine.
- ただし、この朱雀大路は後の平城京や平安京のような幅70メートル以上の大きなものではなく幅24メートル強(側溝中心間)の後の朱雀大路と比べて非常に狭い幅のものであった。
- This Suzaku-oji Street was very narrow with a width a little bit longer than 24 meters (between the center of side ditches), compared to the one with a width of 70 meters in Heijo-kyo and Heian-kyo.
- 稲田側に対しては、この事件を口実に北海道静内町と色丹島の配地を与えるという名目で、兵庫県管轄の士族として移住開拓を命じ、彼らは荒野の広がる北の大地へと旅立っていった。
- For the Inada side, the government used this incident as an excuse to order them to migrate as warrior class in Hyogo Prefecture jurisdiction, under the guise of granting the territory in Sizunai-cho, Hokkaido and Shikotan-to Island, and the Inada clan went to the wild North districts.
- 平城は弟の嵯峨天皇に譲位した後も執政権を掌握し続けようとしたが、それを嫌った嵯峨との間に対立が深まり、最終的には軍事衝突により嵯峨側が勝利した(810年、薬子の変)。
- Although Emperor Heizei tried to keep the ruling power after abdicating the throne to his brother, Emperor Saga did not welcome it, which led to a serious conflict between the two, and finally a military confrontation, in which Emperor Saga won (Kusuko Incident in 810).
- だが、2年後に今度は延暦寺と堅田の南にある坂本 (大津市)との衝突が起きると、延暦寺側が譲歩して延暦寺に多額の礼金を上納する事を条件に堅田の再興が許される事になった。
- Two years after that, when a conflict between Enryaku-ji Temple and Sakamoto (Otsu City), south to Katata, occurred, Enryaku-ji Temple compromised and allowed the restoration of Katata based on the condition that Katata would pay a reward to Enryaku-ji Temple.
- ただし、古河鉱業側は、銅の被害のみを認め、カドミウムについては認めなかった(農民側も、調停申請にはあえてカドミウム問題は提示せずに早期解決を目指したという理由もある)。
- However, Furukawa Mining acknowledged their fault only on the damages by copper but not by cadmium (the peasants did not complicate the issue by mentioning cadmium in order to reach a faster resolution.)
- (中宮権大進(ごんのたいじょう、「ごんのたいしん」とも言う。)もあったと思われ、後醍醐天皇側近の多田頼貞が皇太后宮権大進に叙任している。位階は従六位従六位と思われる。)
- (it seems that Chugu Gon no taijo (or Gon no taishin) also existed because Yorisada TADA, a close aid of the Emperor Godaigo, was appointed as Kotaigogu Gon no taijo. His court rank was Jurokui.)
- 後小松上皇が北朝の傍流である伏見宮家から彦仁王(後花園天皇)を後継者に選ぼうとしたことをきっかけに、北朝は皇統断絶して皇位継承権を失ったと考える南朝側は激しく反発する。
- Retired Emperor Gokomatsu took this opportunity to select Prince Hikohito (Emperor Gohanazono) of the Fushiminomiya branch of the Northern lineage to be the successor; in response, the Gonancho faction, which now with the Northern dynasty's Imperial line extinct, he had expected that the Northern lineage would have lost its authority over matters of Imperial succession, vehemently opposed this decision.
- 今後一切現金提供を求めないという条文が契約書に盛り込まれたが、工事は1950年の第4次工事まで続き、最終的に古河側は総工費3200万円の4%にあたる119万円を負担した。
- The contract included the clause that the union should not demand money after that, however the works continued until the fourth construction in 1950, and ultimately the Furukawa side paid 1,190,000 yen which was 4 percents of total cost of 32,000,000 yen.
- 戦国時代 (日本)、織田信長の一向一揆の北庄攻めの際には矢野水軍、桜井水軍、大島水軍らが織田側について戦ったことから下志万水軍もそうであったのではないかと考えられている。
- It is believed that the Shimojima navy fought on the side of Nobunaga ODA as all the Yano navy, the Sakurai navy, and the Oshima navy and others also fought for ODA when an uprising of Ikko sect followers attacked Kitanosho in the Sengoku period (Japan).
- このとき、山内は岩倉に「この戦は薩長の起こした不当な戦である!」と抗議したが、岩倉より「わかった。ならば土佐藩は慶喜側につきなさい」と一喝されて、沈黙してしまったという。
- Yamauchi opposed Iwakura, saying 'This is an unjust battle caused by Satsuma and Choshu,' but as Iwakura thundered out, 'I see. In that case, why don't you side with Yoshinobu,' Yamauchi kept silent.
- 正治元年(1199年)に頼朝が死去した後、後継者の源頼家は、若年の上に北条氏や梶原氏など頼朝が重用した御家人を遠ざけて、新たに自分の側近グループで政権を運営しようとした。
- After Yoritomo's death in 1199, his successor, MINAMOTO no Yoriie, who was young, tried to start managing the government with his close adviser group, shutting away the gokenin (shogunal retainers of the Kamakura bakufu) to whom Yoritomo had given important posts, such as the Hojo clan and the Kajiwara clan.
- 何ぞ文部省側の主張の如く一時の変態として之を看過するを得んや」「日本帝国に於て真に人格の判定を為すの標準は知識徳行の優劣より先づ国民的情操、即ち大義名分の明否如何に在り。
- How can we allow this to be overlooked as suggested by the Education Ministry, because it was just a temporary anomaly?'; 'In Imperial Japan, the true way of determining character is not by knowledge or good deeds but by national emotions, in other words, the cause.
- 計画は事前に幕府に漏れ、参画した者はある者は殺害され、ある者は逮捕されたが、結局、朝廷関係者では、後醍醐の側近日野資朝が佐渡に配流されただけで後醍醐は罪を問われなかった。
- The plan was leaked to the bakufu and some participating members were killed, while some were arrested, but in the end, only Godaigo's aide, Suketomo HINO was exiled to Sado among the Imperial Court relations and Godaigo was not accused of any crimes.
- 北方の備前島だけで大筒100門と石火矢が本丸北側の奥御殿に、南方の天王寺口からはこれまでの総構から本丸南方の表御殿千畳敷に目標を変更した砲撃が和議締結まで打ち込まれ続けた。
- The bombardments continued until a peace treaty was concluded; attacks with one hundred ozutu (Japanese artilleries) and ishibiya (Japanese artilleries) from Bizenjima in the north side alone to the oku-goten of Honmaru (the keep of a castle) and attacks from Tennoji-guchi in the south side to Goten Senjoshiki (a new target switched from sogamae) in the south of Honmaru.
- この条件は、国民が考えていた条件とは大きくかけ離れるものであった(日本側は賠償金50億円、遼東半島の権利と旅順-ハルピン間の鉄道権利の譲渡、樺太全土の譲渡などを望んでいた。
- These conditions were far from what Japanese people were expecting, which are reparations of 5 billion yen, the transfer of the right for Liaodong Peninsula as well as the right of the railroad between Lushun and Harupin, the transfer of the entire land of Sakhalin and so on.
- 直弼の首は遠藤邸に置かれていたが、所在をつきとめた彦根藩側が、闘死した藩士のうち年齢と体格が直弼に似た加田九郎太の首と偽ってもらい受け、藩邸で典医により胴体と縫い合わされた。
- Although Naosuke's head was kept at the ENDO residence, the Hikone clan which found out where his head was, having been deceived, took the head of Kurota KATA, who was chosen from feudal retainers dying on a battle field because he was a similar age and build to Naosuke, and sewed it to Naosuke's body, with the help of a doctor in the hantei (the residence maintained by a daimyo in Edo).
- この戦いで薩長側が掲げた錦の御旗に動揺した幕府軍は大敗したばかりでなく「朝敵」としての汚名を受ける事になり、崩壊が時間の問題であった新政府を結果的には救ってしまう事になった。
- The Shogunate army, unnerved by the Imperial standards used by the Satsuma forces, not only suffered a crushing defeat but were also labeled as the Emperor's enemy, despite in the end being the ones who saved the new Imperial government whose days were already numbered.
- つまり、彼らがにらみを効かせている一般の田堵負名富豪層と同じ経済基盤の上に自らの軍事力を維持しなければならず、また一般の富豪層と同様に受領の搾取に脅かされる側面も持っていた。
- Under this system, the Samurai had to maintain their military strength with the same economic conditions as the ordinary upper class citizens, over whom they exercised their authority, and, like ordinary upper class citizens, they were often exploited by the Zuryo (provincial governor).
- これは中国がイギリスと結んだ南京条約(1842年)、日本がアメリカと結んだ日米修好通商条約(1858年)と同様、治外法権の認定など、結ばされた側にとっての不平等条約であった。
- Similar to the Treaty of Nanjing between China and England of 1842 and the Treaty of Amity and Commerce concluded between the United States and Japan in 1858, it was an unequal treaty for Korea as it granted extraterritoriality amongst other provisions.
- 『続史愚抄』によれば、建武5年8月28日 (旧暦)に朝廷で行われた「暦応」改元の決定は幕府側には伝えられず、足利尊氏ら幕府首脳は9月4日 (旧暦)になって初めて知ったという。
- According to 'Zoku Shigusho' (Historical work published in 1791), the decision to change the name of the era to 'Ryakuo' in the Imperial Court on October 19, 1338 was not conveyed to the bakufu, and it was not until October 25 that the seniors in the bakufu, including Takauji ASHIKAGA knew of the change.
- しかし国書の中に「皇」「勅」の文字が入っており、冊封体制下では「皇」は中国の皇帝にのみ許される称号であり、「勅」は中国皇帝の詔勅を意味していたので、朝鮮側は受け取りを拒否した。
- However, the Joseon Dynasty refused to receive the letter because it contained the Chinese characters '皇' (Royal, imperial) and '勅' (imperial decree) despite the fact that '皇' was allowed to be used only for the Chinese emperor and '勅' signified the imperial rescript under the tributary system.
- 鎌倉時代末期、後醍醐天皇が鎌倉幕府倒幕を計画した正中の変(1324年)・元弘の変(1332年)を幕府側は「天皇御謀叛」(あるいは「当今御謀叛」)と呼び、世間一般もこれに倣った。
- In the end of the Kamakura Period, the Kamakura bakufu called the Shochu Disturbance (1324) and the Genko Incident (1332), the Emperor Godaigo's attempt to overthrow the bakufu, 'the Emperor muhon (or togin [the current Emperor] muhon), so ordinary people followed that.
- 近江朝廷の大友皇子側は東国と吉備国、筑紫国(九州)に兵力動員を命じる使者を派遣したが、東国の使者は大海人皇子側の部隊に阻まれ吉備と筑紫では現地の総領を動かすことができなかった。
- The Prince Otomo side in the Omi Court dispatched a messenger to Togoku (eastern country), Kibi Province, Tsukushi Province (Kyushu) to gather troops, the messenger of the east country was hampered by the troops of the Prince Oama side and they could not persuade syndics of Kibi and Tsukushi to cooperate with Prince Otomo.
- しかし、予想に反して義昭側近の細川幽斎・明智光秀らが奮戦し、更に翌日には池田勝正や三好義継・伊丹親興が救援に駆けつけたために挟撃される格好となった三好三人衆は敗走したのである。
- However against all odds, because Yoshiaki's close aids Yusai HOSOKAWA and Mitsuhide AKECHI fought a good fight, and Katsumasa IKEDA and Yoshitsugu MIYOSHI arrived to rescue them the next day, Miyoshi sanninshu took escaped the pincer movement.
- 釜山倭館に来航した対馬藩家老は1867年、明治新政府の成立を興宣大院君政権に通告したが、朝鮮側は日本の新しい主権者が「皇上」と名乗っていることを理由に国書の受け取りを拒否した。
- In 1867, a Karo (chief retainer) of the Tsushima clan who visited Busan Wakan notified the Heungseon Daewongun administration that the new Meiji government had been established, but the Korean government rejected receipt of the Japanese sovereign's message, saying Japan's new sovereign identified himself as 'Emperor.'
- 朝鮮側における密貿易の担い手は三浦周辺住民・地元商人・漢城大商であったが、中でも三浦周辺住民と恒居倭の癒着ぶりは「相親相愛, 不啻如兄弟, 言語飮食, 利害緩急, 無不共之。」
- The major Korean participants in the illegal trading were residents around Sanpo, local merchants, and major merchants in Hansung, and the relationship between the residents around Sanpo and kokyowa was specially described as follows:
- 荘園領主や地頭などへの年貢は、元々、領主・地頭側が徴収することとされていたが、惣村が成立した後は、惣村が一括して年貢納入を請け負う地下請(じげうけ)が広く行われるようになった。
- Although the nengu (land tax) paid to the lord of the manor or the Jito was conventionally collected by the lord or the Jito, the jigeuke (under which soson undertook the payment of nengu in a lump sum) prevailed after the soson was formed.
- (『東寺百合文書』さ所収応安3年(1370年)2月東寺陳述状には観応2年の東寺側と「勧修寺一品于時武家執奏(勧修寺経顕は応安3年当時従一位)」の間のやりとりが引用されている)。
- (In a letter of representation of March 1370 by To-ji Temple in 'Toji Hyakugo Monjo' [100 case documents of To-ji Temple], the words in the negotiations in 1351, between To-ji Temple and 'Kanshuji Ippon tokini bukeshisso' [Kanshuji, who was Ippon [First Order of an Imperial Prince] and Bukeshisso post at that time] [Tsuneaki KANSHUJI was Juichi [Junior First Rank] in 1370] were quoted.)
- 江戸時代後期になると、側室はたとえ我が子が将軍世子であっても自身の地位は一介の女中のそれと同等にとどまり、我が子が将軍になって初めてお上(おかみ、将軍)の最近親として礼遇された。
- In the late Edo period, the concubines' position were the same as a jochu even if her child became the Shogun's heir, and only after her son became a shogun, she was treated very well as the closest relative of Okami (Shogun).
- 事業者側でもそのような扱いをしている場合があり、たとえば近畿日本鉄道では、2004年ごろまで車内放送・駅構内放送・方向幕では旧国名を省略していた(例:大和西大寺駅 → 西大寺)。
- There was a time that even some railway corporations omitted the old provincial name and called the stations with the old provincial names omitting added part; for example, in case of Kintetsu Corporation, announcements in the trains, broadcasting in the station precincts, and in the rollsigns, the old provincial names were omitted up to 2004 (an example: Yamato Saidaiji Station was called Saidaiji Station).
- 後醍醐天皇は六波羅探題南方の北条維貞(北条得宗一族)が鎌倉へ赴いている最中に鎌倉幕府討幕を企て、側近の日野資朝、日野俊基らは諸国を巡って各地の武士や有力者に討幕を呼びかけていた。
- Emperor Godaigo planned to overthrow the Kamakura bakufu while the Rokuhara Tandai Minamikata, Koresada HOJO (the Hojo-Tokuso family) was heading for Kamakura, and Suketomo HINO, Toshimoto HINO and others traveled around the country trying to convince samurai and other influential people to help overthrow the bakufu.
- 露仏同盟を結びロシアへ資本を投下していたフランスと、ヴィルヘルム2世 (ドイツ皇帝)とニコライ2世とが縁戚関係にあるドイツは心情的にはロシア側であったが具体的な支援は行っていない。
- France which invested capital into Russia under the Franco-Russian Alliance and Germany whose Emperor Wilhelm II (the Kaiser) was a relative of Nicholai II were sympathetic of Russia, but offered no specific assistance to Russia.
- 天誅組の変の直後とあって、幕府側の動きは早く、代官所留守から通報を受けるや豊岡藩、出石藩、姫路藩が動き、挙兵の翌13日には出石藩兵900人と姫路藩兵1000人が生野へ出動している。
- This happened right after the Tenchugumi rebellion, so the reaction of the shogunate was quick, as soon as they received reports from the keeper of the magistrate's office, they set the Toyooka Domain, the Izushi Domain and the Himeji Domains, a day after the rising of the army on the thirteenth, nine hundred soldiers from the Toyooka Domain and one thousand soldiers from the Himeji Domain marched to Ikuno.
- 令外の官が広汎に成立した中世においては、このような現実的な需要を受けて実際的な政務処理を律令法の条項と照らし合わせてその法的側面の補強をおこなう明法家という職務身分家系も登場した。
- In the medieval period when ryoge no kan formed widely, families called Myobo-ke (scholars of the law) with a duty of lawyers emerged responding such realistic demands to reinforce legal aspects of practical governmental affairs by checking them against stipulations of ritsuryo codes.
- 「侍」の内、1000石程度以上の者は大身(たいしん)、人持ちと呼ばれることがあり、戦のときは備の侍大将となり、平時は奉行職等を歴任し、抜擢されて側用人や仕置き家老となることもある。
- Among 'samurai,' those who had about more than 1000 koku (about 180,000 liters) were called taishin (big feudal lord) or hitomochi (big feudal lord) and when war occurred they were appointed to the samurai general and in times of peace they held a post in the magistrate's office and sometimes were selected to sobayonin (lord chamberlain) or a chief retainer of management.
- 伏見城攻めの総大将は宇喜多秀家、副将は小早川秀秋で、その他に毛利秀元、吉川広家、小西行長、島津義弘、長宗我部盛親、長束正家、鍋島勝茂などが攻城側に参加し、総勢4万人の大軍であった。
- The army, which was attacking Fushimi-jo Castle, consisted of 40,000 soldiers led by Hideie UKITA, the commander-in-chief, and Hideaki KOBAYAKAWA, the adjutant general, with other members including Hidemoto MORI, Hiroie YOSHIKAWA, Yukinaga KONISHI, Yoshihiro SHIMAZU, Morichika CHOSOKABE, Masaie NAGATSUKA and Katsushige NABESHIMA.
- 同年9月に開かれた被告2名の初公判では、被告側の弁護人として11名の弁護士(この中には先述の佐伯千仭が含まれている)のほか、田畑茂二郎ら3名の法学部教官が特別弁護人として参加した。
- At the first court hearing of the two defendants held in September of that year, 11 lawyers participated as the defendants' lawyers (including the aforementioned Chihiro SAEKI) along with 3 other law faculty staff such as Shigejiro TAHATA as special lawyers.
- それでも明智軍側の指揮系統能力の高さが発揮され、戦死者数では勝利した羽柴軍の犠牲の方が多かったとされている(羽柴軍の戦死者・3300余、明智軍の戦死者・3000余と言われている)。
- Yet, the Akechi camp well demonstrated the high capacity of its chain of command, and the number of war deaths is said to have been greater in the winning Hashiba camp (more than 3,300 on the Hashiba side against somewhat over 3,000 on the Akechi side).
- 根拠は乏しいのだが、島津義久の側近である上井覚兼の日記として有名な「上井覚兼日記」の記述で、本能寺の変が起こった天正10年6月2日から11月3日までの項が白紙にされているのである。
- Although there was little grounds, in description in 'Uwai Kakuken Nikki' that is famous as the diary of Uwai Kakuken, who was a close vassal of Yoshihisa SHIMAZU, sections for the period from July 1, 1582, when Honnoji Incident occurred, to November 28 were left blank.
- こうした後醍醐の姿勢は皇位継承問題をきっかけとして幕府の得宗専制と衝突することとなり、1324年(正中 (元号)1)、後醍醐の蜂起計画が露呈し、側近の公家が処罰された(正中の変)。
- Godaigo's attempt to achieve political reform was motivated by a desire to avoid problems regarding the imperial succession, but this created conflict with the Tokuso autocracy of the bakufu, and in 1324 Godaigo's plan to lead an uprising was revealed, and the kuge who served as his close advisers were punished (Shochu Disturbance).
- クビライは予め「風濤の険阻を以って辞となすなかれ」と日本側への国書の手交を厳命していたが、その「風濤の険阻」を理由に使者の両名は渡海もせず引き返してきたことに憤慨してこれを却下した。
- Kublai had ordered them strictly to deliver the imperial letter to Japan and 'not to give up for a reason attributable to bad weather,' and thus, when both envoys returned without crossing the sea due to the reason of 'bad weather,' he got upset and did not accept it.
- このため、政府側は新規の政策のための予算を必要とする官庁や軍からの突き上げを受ける事になり、民党に対してポストや金で抱き込んででも予算案を通過させる必要性が出てきてしまったのである。
- For this reason, the government was pressured by the authorities or the military that needed to obtain budget for new political plans, and therefore, had to have the budget plan approved even if they had to bribe the minto with government positions or money.
- 五カ国条約は関税自主権が無く、領事裁判権を認めたほか、片務的最恵国待遇条款を承認する(一説には一般の日本人の海外渡航を認める気がなかった幕府側からの要請とする説もある)内容であった。
- Those Five-Countries Treaty did not grant Japan tariff autonomy but admitted consular jurisdiction of the other countries, and approved the one-sided most favored nation clause for the benefit of the other countries (which is said to have been requested by the bakufu, which had no intention to admit the Japanere general public to go abroad).
- この法令に熱心だった幕閣は側用人であり、中でも喜多見重政は、綱吉が中野 (中野区)・四谷・大久保 (新宿区)に大規模な犬小屋を建てたことに追従して、自領喜多見に犬小屋を創設している。
- Among cabinet officials who supported the law, Shigemasa KITAMI, a lord chamberlain, established doghouses in his own domain after Tsunayoshi built large-scale kennels in Nakano (Nakano ward), Yotsuya and Okubo (Shinjuku ward).
- 不輸が認められるには、個々の田地ごとに申請を必要としていたが、出作が盛んになるとともに不輸地の一部に含めようとする荘園側とこれを阻止しようとする国司側の間で紛争が生じるようになった。
- For fuyu no ken to be recognized, it was necessary to apply for each rich field, but as desaku (an act in which farmers who live in a certain shoen cultivate lands of other)became common and the shoen side wished to include this as part of the land with fuyu no ken, a conflict arose with the Kokushi side, which wanted to stop this.
- 延暦寺は、配下においていた八坂神社が京の鴨川の東側に大きな境内(領地)を持っていたこと、興福寺は大和国一国の荘園のほとんどを領して中世を通してその経済力で京に大きな支配力を及ぼした。
- The Enryaku-ji Temple owned a large keidai (land) on the east side of the Kamo-gawa River in Kyoto through Yasaka-jinja Shrine that was under the control of Enryaku-ji Temple, and Kofuku-ji Temple owned most of the shoen (manor in medieval Japan) in Yamato Province; they had a large influence on Kyoto through their economic power throughout the middle ages.
- しかし、これらは紀州徳川家から将軍に就任した吉宗が側用人政治を嫌う土屋政直ら「援立の臣」らに功績としてどちらかというと形式的なところに着目してなされた一種の配慮とみる見解が有力である。
- However, it's generally understood that Yoshimune from the Kishu Tokugawa family showed his consideration for his 'supportive vassal' Masanao TSUCHIYA who hated the lord chamberlain government, so Yoshimune made changes to Arai's achievements mainly from a formality.
- 朝鮮側から朝鮮出兵の際の戦犯を差し出すように要求されたため、対馬藩は藩内の(朝鮮出兵とは全く無関係の)罪人の喉を水銀で潰して声を発せられなくした上で「朝鮮出兵の戦犯」として差し出した。
- When Korea demanded that Japan should hand over war criminals of Japan's Invasions of Korea, the Tsushima Domain handed over criminals in the domain (who had nothing to do with the invasions) as war criminals, after harming their throats with mercury so that they were unable to talk.
- 特に、玉置らは猛吹雪に見舞われ、峠での40センチメートルの積雪や和歌山県側の積雪で道が不明確であったことなどに阻まれて、充分な調査ができなかったと述べている[玉置 1979: 28]。
- It explains particulars about snow on the route as Tamaki and others encountered heavy snow and could not know even which was the right course since 40 centimeters of snow lay at one of the passes and there also lay the thick snow at the other side of the pass (Wakayama Prefecture), therefore they could not make sufficient investigation (refer to 28 of 'Tamaki 1979').
- なお、柏原から三郷にかけては、北側の山道越え(信貴山越と一部重なる)、大和川の北岸に沿うルート(いわゆる亀の瀬越)、対岸の南側を沿うルート(現在の国道25号)など、複数のルートがある。
- In addition, there are more than one route between Kashiwara and Sango; the northern mountain path (partly duplicating with Mount Shigi-goe route), the route along the north bank of the River Yamato (so-called Kamenose-goe) and the route along the south bank of the River Yamato (today's National Route 25).
- 日本海軍が護衛に当たった「大輸送作戦」により、連合国側はアフリカにいた兵員をアレクサンドリア(エジプト)からマルセイユ(フランス)に送り込むことに成功し、西部戦線での劣勢を挽回している。
- The massive transporting operation,' in which Imperial Japanese Navy served as escorts, enabled the Allies to send the troops in Africa from Alexandria (Egypt) to Marseille (France) successfully to recover from inferiority in the Western Front.
- 古河側の主張によれば、(第1次)鉱毒調査会による鉱毒防止令による工事と、大正時代までに行われた渡良瀬川の治水工事により、鉱毒は「一応の解決をみた」(『創業100年史』より)と述べている。
- Furukawa claimed that through the construction by the Mining Pollution Prevention Law by the Mining Pollution Investigation Committee (the first) and through the river improvement constructions of Watarase-gawa River carried out before the end of the Taisho period, the mining pollution issues 'were, more or less, solved' (from 'History of 100 Years of Business from Foundation').
- 日本側の全権・小村寿太郎はロシアとの交渉決裂を恐れて8月29日、樺太の南半分の割譲と日本の大韓帝国に対する指導権の優位などを認めることで講和条約であるポーツマス条約に調印したのであった。
- Being afraid of the breakdown of the negotiations, Jutaro KOMURA, a plenary power of the Japanese side, signed, on August 29, the Treaty of Portsmouth, a peace treaty, by accepting several conditions including the cession of the southern half of Sakhalin and the Japan's priority for taking a leadership toward Korean Empire.
- ただし徳川家としての武家権力は残るが、やがて鳥羽・伏見の戦いに始まる徳川家を中心とする勢力と改革により復興した西日本の薩長土肥雄藩との内戦は朝廷による官軍となった薩長土肥側の勝利となる。
- The samurai authority remained in the form of the Tokugawa family; however, some civil wars, starting from the Battle of Toba-Fushimi, were held between forces mainly consisting of the Tokugawa family and the Sacchodohi yuhan (the domains of Satsuma, Choshu, Tosa and Higo), a force of the western Japan which was restored by the reform, as a result, the Sacchodohi yuhan, which became a government army formed by the Imperial Court, defeated the forces of the Tokugawa family.
- 火皿(ひさら、英語:Flash pan)とは、火縄銃(マッチロックガン)や燧石式銃(フリントロック式)の銃身薬室側面に張り出したように付けられた点火用の口薬を盛るための皿状の部位のこと。
- Flash pan is a receptacle sticking out from the side of the barrel for priming powder in matchlock guns and flintlock guns.
- しかし、現在の研究では双方共に被害を出していることが判明していることから、日本側もある程度まとまった兵力を投入できた局面などでは、一方的に圧倒されたわけではないケースもあったと考えられる。
- However, present studies have confirmed that both parties suffered damage, and therefore, there would have been cases in which Japan could employ a fairly large number of warriors and fought well.
- 道鏡の左遷はこの時代の典型的な政変であり、清麻呂が光仁朝で重用されなかったのは、彼が元々地方豪族出身でなおかつ称徳天皇の側近層であった以上、光仁天皇側とのつながりは希薄だったと解している。
- HOSOI thinks that the demotion of Dokyo is a typical political change of the time and that the reason Kiyomaro did not receive an important position in the court of Emperor Konin was that originally he came from a powerful local clan and he was a member of close advisers to Emperor Shotoku and his connection with the side of Emperor Konin was not so close.
- 一之側から四之側までの4棟に加え、東長局、御半下部屋があり、格式に応じて一之側が上臈御年寄や御年寄、二之側、三之側がその他のお目見え以上の女中、四之側がお目見え以下の女中たちに配分された。
- In addition to the four buildings from Ichi no soba (一之側) to Yon no soba (四之側), there were two buildings named Higashi nagatsubone and Ohashitabeya, and Joro Otoshiyori (high rank women servants who controls the servants in O-oku) and Otoshiyori were given Ichi no soba, other jochu of higher rank able to see the Shogun were given Ni no soba or San no soba, and lower rank jochu not able to see the Shogun were given Yon no soba in accordance with their rank.
- 花の下連歌には、飛び込みの参加も可能で、連衆のなかに、高貴な身の人、例えば源実朝の側近で、和歌の名手あった素暹法師(東入道、俗名千葉胤行)やさらには太上天皇がお忍びでまぎれることもあった。
- Hananomoto-renga permitted unannounced participation, and among renju (participants of renga), high noble people, such as Sosen hoshi (Tonyudo, his common name was Taneyuki CHIBA), who was a close associate of MINAMOTO no Sanetomo and was talented at waka, and even Emperor Daijo (Dajo) joined secretly.
- 藩学校が武士の師弟を教育し、寺子屋が庶民を対象として、読み書き算盤を教え、塾がその中間にあって武士も庶民も教えたという中で、郷学は教育内容の面では、それらとかなり重複する側面を持っていた。
- The young people of samurai families received education at domain-run schools, while the children of common people were taught the three R's; at private schools, which lay midway between the two, the children of samurai and ordinary people were taught; Gogaku had aspects that overlapped them in terms of educational content.
- この高宗の密使外交を排するために日本政府は日露戦争終結後の1905年11月に第二次日韓協約(韓国側では乙巳保護条約と呼ぶ)を締結し、12月には韓国統監府を設置して外交権をその支配下に置いた。
- The Japanese government concluded the second Japan-Korea Treaty (called Eulsa Protectorate Treaty in south Korea) in November, 1905 after the Russo-Japanese War to eliminate Gojong's diplomacy by secret envoys and established the Korea Protection Agency in December to hold diplomatic authority under its control.
- 同盟軍が苦戦していた白河口へ援軍を送ったが、その直後に秋田の久保田藩およびがその周辺の小藩が新政府側へと寝返ったため、白川口へ派遣した部隊を帰還させるとともに、それら新政府側の藩へ侵攻した。
- The Shonai Domain sent reinforcements to the allied forces in an uphill battle at Shirakawaguchi, but made the troops retreat from there since the Kubota Domain in Akita as well as the smaller domains near-by defected to the new government's side; at the same time, it launched an attack on these defecting domains.
- 幕府は朝廷と一体になって、国家鎮護に当たることとし、西国の警固を再強化するとともに、それまで幕府の支配の及ばなかった朝廷側の支配地、本所一円地からの人員・兵粮の調達が認められるようになった。
- The bakufu collaborated with Imperial Court for the defense of the nation and, in addition to refortifying the Saigoku's defenses, it also received permission to procure personnel and military supplies from the Imperial Court's territories which had previously been outside of the bakufu's control.
- 明代、国家教学となった朱子学は、科挙合格という世俗的な利益のためにおこなわれ、また体制側でも郷村での共同体倫理確立に朱子学を用い、道徳的実践を重んじた聖人の学としての本質を損なうようになった。
- During the Ming Dynasty, Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism) became the national education and learning was practiced for worldly profit to pass the Kakyo, and was used by the establishment to create community morals in autonomous villages, causing the learning of the saints, which valued moral practice, to deteriorate.
- 日朝で激しいやりとりがあったが、弁理公使花房義質が日朝間を頻繁に往来して、ついには1880年12月漢城に公使館を設置し長期滞在して既成事実化するようになると、朝鮮側も黙認せざるを得なくなった。
- During the severe discussion between the two sides, minister resident Yoshimoto HANABUSA traveled often between Japan and Korea, and finally Japan established a consular office in Hanseong in December 1880, Hanabusa stayed there for a long term to create a fait accompli, and Korea had no choice but to concede.
- 幕府側にはそれを拒否する力は無く、安政の大獄で失脚した徳川慶喜を将軍後見職、松平春嶽を政事総裁職、松平容保(会津藩主)を京都守護職とするなどの人事を含む改革を余儀なくされた(文久の改革参照)。
- The bakufu side was not yet strong enough to resist that messenger, and had to accept the reformation, including personnel affairs such as appointing Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, who lost his standing during the Ansei purge, as a guardian of the shogun, Shungaku MATSUDAIRA as Seiji sosai shoku (roughly, director-general of political affairs), and Katamori MATSUDAIRA (the lord of the Aizu clan) as Kyoto shugoshiki (post of provincial constable) (See Bunkyu Reform).
- 木製短甲は、背側と胸(胴部)側を別個につくり、紐で綴じ合わせる型式のもので、弥生時代後期の静岡県浜松市伊庭遺跡の溝から出土し、古墳時代の実例は、奈良県橿原市坪井遺跡の前期の溝から出土している。
- The wooden Tanko used the form binding the back part and chest part (torso) made separately together by thread, unearthed from the ditch of Iba remains in Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Prefecture of the late Yayoi period, and from the ditch of Tsuboi remains in Kashihara City, Nara Prefecture of Tumulus period.
- 「近代化を進めた新政府軍に対して、遅れた旧幕府側の軍隊が対抗できなかったために敗れた」というのは誤りで、実際は旧幕府軍も早くから軍隊の西洋化に取り組んでおり、新政府軍に対して劣っていなかった。
- It is wrong to say that the former Shogunate forces lost to the new government because they could not match the latter's modernized forces; in fact, they had westernized their forces from early on, and thus did not lag behind the new government's forces.
- これは、古河側が鉱毒事件で責任を認めて賠償金(契約書上の文言は「補償金」)を支払った最初の出来事である(それ以前の資金提供は常に「寄付金」「見舞金」「協力金」などの名目で、賠償金ではなかった)。
- This was the first case that Furukawa accepted responsibility for the mining pollution and paid compensation (called 'baishokin,' however, in the contract, it says 'hoshokin' which means the money you give them as they suffer from damage, while 'baishokin' means the money you give them as you hurt them; before that, any monetary provision was not under the name of compensation but either of 'donation,' 'consolatory money 'cooperation money.')
- 元寇(げんこう)とは、日本の鎌倉時代中期に、当時大陸を支配していたモンゴル帝国(元 (王朝))及びその服属政権となった高麗王国によって2度にわたり行われた日本侵攻(遠征)の、日本側の呼称である。
- Genko is the Japanese name of two invasions (expeditions) that Japan suffered in the middle Kamakura period from the Mongol Empire (Yuan Dynasty), which was then dominant on the continent, and its subjected kingdom, the Kingdom of Goryeo.
- しかも追い討ちをかけるように6月には幹事の陸奥宗光が立志社の獄の容疑者とされて元老院を追放されたのを機に、正院側から元老院の権力を抑制しようとする動きが現れ、以後正院の干渉を受けるようになった。
- Furthermore, as one misfortune followed another, Secretary Munemitsu MUTSU was forced to be a suspect of Risshisha no goku incident in June, and expelled from Genroin, so that on this occasion a side of the Central State Council moved to control the authority of Genroin, then it had to be interfered by the Central State Council later on.
- 古くは京都や奈良、及びその周辺に都(みやこ)が置かれていたことが多く、山城国、大和国、摂津国、河内国、和泉国(京都府の一部、奈良県、大阪府、兵庫県の一部)は併せて畿内(「畿」はかきね・門の内側。
- In ancient times, in many cases, capitals were located in places near Kyoto, Nara and their surrounding area, and areas including Yamashiro Province, Yamao Province, Settsu Province, Kawachi Province and Izumi Province (part of Kyoto Prefecture, Nara Prefecture, Osaka Prefecture and part of Hyogo Prefecture) were collectively called the Kinai region (which means within the wall) (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara).
- だがこの遠征は倭寇制圧を目的とした侵攻に過ぎず、対馬の属州化要求も対馬が朝鮮の形式的な『外藩』であることを再確認させ倭寇を禁圧させるためのもので、恒久的な属国化を図る朝鮮側の意思は見出しがたい。
- However, the sole purpose of the expeditionary force's invasion was to subjugate the Wako pirates, and Joseon Korea's demand that Tsushima become a vassal state was only an attempt to reassert Korea's titular control over Tsushima as an 'outer domain' in order to encourage them to bring the Wako under control; it is difficult to find evidence of any suggestion that the Koreans were planning to make Tsushima a permanent vassal state.
- 正確な築城年代は定かではないが、古典『太平記』には、南北朝時代 (日本)のに、南朝(吉野朝廷)側の北畠顕家軍に備えて六角氏頼が篭もったという記述があり、そのころには築かれていたと考えられている。
- Although it is unknown when the castle was built, according to an old book 'Taiheiki' (The Record of the Great Peace), Ujiyori ROKKAKU barricaded himself inside the castle preparing for an attack from Akiie KITABATAKE who belonged to the Southern Court (the Yoshino Court) in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, the castle had already been built at that time.
- 府連側は,会館建設にあたり京都府・市をはじめとする行政当局からの補助金を受けるため、社団法人であった研究所を便宜的に前面に出したにすぎず、部落問題の総合センターとして会館が建設されたと主張した。
- The Kyoto Federation insisted, for the Hall construction, the Institute was just conveniently put on the forefront as an aggregate corporation to receive a subsidy from the government such as Kyoto Prefecture or Kyoto City since the Hall was built as a comprehensive center for Buraku problems.
- この平定戦での動員兵力5万のうち戦死者は日本軍164人であるが、マラリア等による病死者は近衛師団長北白川宮能久親王はじめ4642人にのぼり、中国側兵士、住民およそ1万4千人の死者を出して終了した。
- This war to conquer Taiwa ended leaving 164Japanese war deaths and 4,642 deaths, including Imperial Prince Kitashirakawanomiya Yoshihisa, caused by diseases like malaria, out of 50,000 solders in motion, while about 14,000 Chinese solders and local people died.
- 「公使館襲撃事件の犯人の逮捕と処刑、日本側被害者の遺族、負傷者への見舞金5万円、出兵費用補填50万円、公使館護衛としての漢城での軍隊駐留権、兵営設置費・修理費の朝鮮側負担、謝罪使の派遣等」である。
- It included 'the arrest and execution of the perpetrators who raided the Legation, consolation payment of 50,000 JPY to each family of the victims and injured in Japan, 500,000 JPY to fill the shortfall in the expenses for the dispatch of troops, the right to have an army around in Hanseong (the present Seoul) as a guard for the Legation, setting up barracks and the repair of them were at Korea's expense and sending a 'mission of expiation' and so on.'
- 明治維新は欧米列強に抑圧されたアジア諸国にとって近代化革命の模範ともなったが、やがて日本自身が列強側の国家として、帝国主義的な領土・権益獲得の立場となったことから、かえって反発を呼ぶことにもなった。
- The Meiji Restoration in Japan was a model for the modern revolution of the various Asian countries which were suppressed by powerful western countries, but Japan also received resistance from them because Japan itself became a powerful imperialistic country trying to obtain lands and interests.
- つまり政子の関与により頼家から実朝への将軍職委譲がなされたという事件の側面をみることができるとともに、鎌倉幕府の権力構造を考える上で、のちの執権職につながる役割を考察する材料となることは確かである。
- In other words, one aspect of this incident shows Masako's involvement in relinquishment of shogunship from Yoriie to Sanetomo and the role of Masako is surely a good material in the study of the power structure of the Kamakura bakufu, as it eventually developed into the post of shikken.
- JR京都駅の烏丸口(北口)側にある関西電力京都支店の建物(鉄筋コンクリート造8階建)は、京都の近代建築の一つであるが、もともとは1937年(昭和12年)に、京都電燈の本社として建設されたものである。
- The eight storey reinforced concrete building of the Kyoto branch of the Kansai Electric Power, which stands in front of the Karasuma Exit (North Exit) of JR Kyoto Station, is one of the most modern buildings in Kyoto and was originally built as the headquarters of Kyoto Dento in 1937.
- このことから、清正や正則らと違って所領は播磨国内などに1万石ほどしかなかったが、秀吉側近として重用され、羽柴姓を下賜された上、前田利家亡き後は豊臣氏の家老として豊臣秀頼の後見人を任されることとなった。
- For this reason, he became a close confidante to Hideyoshi, despite the small size of his domain, which was roughly only 10,000 koku (an unit of assessed crop yields of the land [1 koku: about 180 liter], which was also used to express the size of the land) in Harima Province and others, compared to those of Kiyomasa and Masanori, and was granted the use of the Hashiba name and was appointed as a Karo (chief retainer) of Toyotomi clan and custodian of Hideyori TOYOTOMI after the death of Toshiie MAEDA.
- 江戸は、江戸後期に現在の、千代田区・中央区 (東京都)・港区 (東京都)・新宿区の東側(四谷付近まで)・文京区・台東区・墨田区・江東区の辺り、のちの東京市の内十五区部分ぐらいまで広がったといわれている。
- It is said that in later Edo Period, Edo almost encompassed fifteen Wards of later-Tokyo City, present-day Chiyoda, Chuo, Bunkyo, Taito, Sumida, and Koto wards, as well as the east side of Shinjuku Ward (up to Yotsuya).
- さらに、1997年(平成9年)には、指定地域の北方で民間の宅地開発に伴い発掘調査が実施され、寺域北辺を画する回廊跡と掘立柱建物3棟が検出され、続いて実施された確認調査では塔の北側に建物基壇が検出された。
- In 1997, since a private housing development was planned in an area north to this site, another excavation was conducted, when remains of cloisters on the northern border of the temple and of three buildings supported by hottate bashira (earthfast posts) were found, and research that followed recognized that a stylobate of a building to the north of the tower still remained.
- 承久3年(1221年)の承久の乱(後鳥羽上皇が倒幕を企て、北条義時の追討を命じるが、失敗して隠岐に配流される)以後、鎌倉側の政治的優位は決定的となり、鎌倉は名実共に、日本の行政府所在地となったといえる。
- After the Jokyu War in 1221 (in which the Retired Emperor Gotoba who hatched a plot to overthrow the Bakufu issued an order to defeat Yoshitoki HOJO but failed and was banished to Oki Province), the Kamakura government started to hold decisive political power, making Kamakura the seat of administration of Japan both nominally and virtually.
- 交渉は18日より徳川方の京極忠高の陣において、家康側近の本多正純、阿茶局と、豊臣方の使者として派遣された淀殿の妹である常高院との間で行われ、19日には講和条件が合意、20日に誓書が交換され和平が成立した。
- The negotiations took place in Tadataka KYOGOKU's camp on Tokugawa side between Masazumi HONDA and Acha-no-tsubone from Tokugawa side and Joko-in, who was Yodo-dono's sister and had been dispatched as a messenger of the Toyotomi side; on 19th peace terms were agreed and pacification was made with an exchange of written vows (the old calendar).
- 北越戦争により旧幕府軍が敗退すると、流域の村々は新政府側に分水工事着工の嘆願書を提出し、1869年(明治2年)にようやく着工が認められたが、総工費80万両のうち60万両が地元負担という厳しいものとなった。
- After the army of former Edo bakufu was defeated in Hokuetsu War, the watershed villagers submitted a petition for the commencement of the diversion construction to new Meiji government, and the plan was finally approved in 1869 on the stringent condition that 600,000-ryo out of the total construction cost 800,000-ryo be paid by the local communities.
- 東使(とうし)は、関東御使ともいい、鎌倉時代に鎌倉幕府から京都にある朝廷や六波羅探題、関東申次などに派遣された使者の事で、政治的に特に重要な事項に関する幕府側の意向を伝えるために派遣された者を特に称した。
- Toshi, also known as Kanto-onshi, is a messenger dispatched from the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) to Imperial Court in Kyoto, to Rokuhara Tandai (the bakufu deputy in Kyoto) or to Kanto-moshitsugi (liaison officer mediating between the bakufu and the Imperial Court), etc. and was employed for communication of the bakufu's opinions of issues of special political importance to Kyoto.
- またこれら明法家の勘申(明法勘文)は律令法を参照するものではあるものの、その取捨選択はたぶんに恣意的な側面もあり、中世において律令の規定が直接的に規範的作用をもつものではなかったということは注目に値する。
- In addition, while such Myobo kanmon (written reports to the Imperial Court) by Myobo-ke referenced ritsuryo law, the choices were pretty arbitrary, and it is worthy of attention that ritsuryo provisions did not directly have normative influence in the medieval period.
- 当時の財務記録には訴訟のために経費として役人などへの礼銭・一献料の存在が公然と計上され、また村同士のいさかいによる訴訟では村が属する荘園領主が礼銭・一献料を立て替えて後日村側に請求した記録も残されている。
- The reisen and ikkenryo were openly booked as expenses for lawsuits on the financial records at that time, and also there is a record that in the lawsuit arising from a dispute between villages, the lord of the manor where the village belonged to paid the reisen and ikkenryo for the village and charged them later.
- その後、麹屋側の巻き返しにより天文_(元号)14年(1545年)には再度北野麹座による麹の独占が許されるものの、室町幕府の権威が完全に失墜した状況下では時は既に遅く、やがて麹造りは酒屋業の一工程となった。
- After that, though the monopoly of the koji malt by Kitano koji za was permitted again in 1545 due to the catch up by Kitano koji za, it was too late, as the Muromachi bakufu had fallen from power, and the production of koji malt had become integrated into the sakaya industry.
- ただし、上級貴族の反発に加えて、入学年齢を17歳から引き下げたこと、更に学令で定められた9年間よりも短い4年間の就学を経た上での事実上の中退を認めたことから大学寮側からの反発もあり、812年に撤回された。
- The imperial decree, however, was withdrawn in 812 due to backlashes from Daigaku-ryo against a change in school entrance age from 17 years old to 10 years old and against the approval of de facto dropouts after four-year schooling, shorter than the dropout after the nine-year schooling specified by the provision of Gakuryo, as well as objections from high-ranking nobles.
- また、開発途上国は先進国側の率先した削減や技術移転・資金援助などを求めているが、自国の削減目標設定などにおいては、累積排出量の多さ(右グラフ参照)などを指摘し「温暖化は先進国の責任」との反発を見せている。
- And developing countries ask for the reduction led by the side of developed countries, technology transfer, financing help and so on, but in the setting of reduction target of their own countries, they point out a large size of accumulated emission amounts (see the right graph), then oppose to the developed countries, saying 'developed countries are responsible for global warming.'
- これは、結局、当時の国力の差は歴然としており、この状況下、この(日本側としては)無念極まりない要求も受け入れざる得なかったものとされるが、捕縛ではなく発砲による殺傷を目的とした野蛮な対応に外国は震撼せしめた。
- This incident ended up in the matter of the involved countries' power and footing at that time, and with the outstanding power of France, Japan had no choice but to accept the unconditional requests, but at the same time, it was true that Japan's primitive action using a gun instead of a rope frightened off foreign countries.
- 兵力的には劣る朝倉・浅井両軍であったが、浅井側先鋒磯野員昌率いる浅井家精鋭部隊が織田方先鋒坂井政尚、続いて池田恒興、豊臣秀吉、柴田勝家の陣を次々に突破し13段の備えのうち実に11段までを打ち破る猛攻を見せた。
- Although Asakura and Azai troops were understrength, Azai's elite troops led by its top Kazumasa ISONO broke through those of Oda's top Masahisa SAKAI, Tsuneoki IKEDA, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and Katsuie SHIBATA one after another, and in fact, they launched fierce attacks to knock down eleven out of thirteen layers of military reserves.
- 幕末期、第8代藩主となった稲垣太清は大番頭や大坂定番、海軍奉行などの要職を歴任して佐幕派の立場を貫いたが、明治維新頃から太清が病に倒れて稲垣太祥が代理として藩政を執り始めた頃から新政府側に与するようになった。
- At the end of the Edo period, while the eighth lord of the domain Motokiyo INAGAKI remained a Sabaku-ha (supporter of the Shogun) by serving such posts as Oban gashira, Osaka-joban (a primary guard post of Osaka-jo Castle), and bugyo of navy, Motoaki INAGAKI, who acted as proxy when Motokiyo was confined to bed with illness around the Meiji Restoration, started to shift towards pro-new government.
- 主な内容は、公使館襲撃事件の犯人の逮捕と処刑、日本側被害者の遺族、負傷者への見舞金5万円、損害賠償50万円、公使館護衛としてのソウル特別市での軍隊駐留権、兵営設置費・修理費の朝鮮側負担、謝罪使の派遣等である。
- The treaty stipulated the arrest and execution of the criminal of the incident, the solatium of 50, 000 yens and compensation of 500,000 yens for the bereaved families and the injured of the Japanese victims, the right of Japanese troops to station in Seoul Special City as guards for the legation, creation and repair of barracks at Korea's expense and the dispatch of envoys for an apology.
- 徳川家光の代には秀吉の墓まで幕府によって暴かれ、長宗我部盛親はじめ残党の追尾は10年以上に亘って行われた(徳川幕府転覆を企てた由井正雪の片腕とされた丸橋忠弥は長宗我部盛澄といい長宗我部盛親の側室の次男という)。
- The Tokugawa shougunate even violated Hideyoshi's grave during Iemitsu TOKUGAWA period and had pursued remnants of the Toyotomi Family including Morichika CHOSOKABE for more than ten years (Chuya MARUBASH with his real name Morizumi CHOSOKABE, a righ-hand man of Shosetsu YUI, who attempted the overthrow of the Tokugawa shougunate, is said to have been the second son of Morichika CHOSOKABE's concubine).
- これは御鈴廊下を隔てた表向きにおいて、大老や老中といった幕府の機構上の最高責任者がいても、時代によっては将軍が最も寵愛する御側用人がその将軍の権威のみを背景に幕政の諸事万端を司っていたことがあるのと同様である。
- This happened across Osuzuroka, the political administration, although Tairo (chief minister) and roju (senior councilor) were assigned as chief governmental executives, the shogun's favorite sobayonin (lord chamberlain) administrated various government matters based on the Shogun's authority.
- 一方、師直は、武士たちが幕府に敵対したり南朝側についたりしないよう、十分な恩賞を与える必要を感じ、守護・地頭やその配下という形で公家や寺社の荘園を実際に管理している武家が土地支配者となるべきであると考えていた。
- On the other hand, Moronao felt it necessary to give sufficient reward to bushi to prevent them from confronting the bakufu or supporting the Southern Court, and thought that buke who had been the actual managers of the shoen of kuge, temples and shrines as shugo (constable) or jito (land steward) should become the landlord.
- また、町衆主導によって行われたと評価されてきた明応9年(1500年)の祇園祭の再興も本来祇園祭が疫病平癒の祭りであったことを考えると、逆に当時の社会不安の反映が祇園祭再興を促したという側面も考えられるのである。
- Also, the resumption in 1500 of the Gion Festival, which had been acclaimed for the townsmen's initiative behind it, may be considered to have been motivated in part by the social unrest prevailing then, given the history that the Gion Festival had originally been an event of prayer for recovery from epidemics.
- 例えば、江西省撫州の人呉与弼(康斎)や 陳献章(白沙)は朱子学派に属すものの、その聖人となるための修養法は読書よりも実践・静坐を重視するなど、後世から見ると若干朱子学とは異なる側面も見られないではなかったのである。
- For example, although Wu Yubi (Kangzhai) and Chen Xianzhang (Baisha) in Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province belonged to the Shushigaku school, they emphasized practice and meditation instead of reading as a way to become a sage, which from a later viewpoint seems to be slightly different from conventional Shushigaku.
- 蛮社とは、田原藩士渡辺崋山、高野長英、小関三英ら洋学者を中心に町医者・藩士・幕臣等有志の者が海防目的で蘭学や内外の情勢を研究していた尚歯会(しょうしかい)を、「蘭学という野蛮な結社」と国学者の側が蔑んだことによる。
- Feudal retainers of Tahara domain, Kazan WATANABE, Choei TAKANO and Dutch scholar Sanei KOSEKI organized Shoshikai (association) with interested people like town doctors, feudal retainers of domain and vassals of shogun in order to study Western learning and internal and external situation for the purpose of coastal defense, and scholars of Japanese literature named the organization as Bansha, which has the disdainful meaning 'Kessha (association) studying Yaban (barbarous) Western science.'
- また、楽市楽座政策をもって彼の先進性と見なす向きもあるが、戦国期に畿内を中心とした土地を大規模な範囲で支配出来たのは信長が最初であるという事情もあり、むしろ経済史の流れに沿っている側面も強いことに注意が必要である。
- The rakuichi-rakuza policy is considered to demonstrate Nobunaga's progressive outlook but there is also the fact that he was the first to achieve wide-reaching territorial control centered around the Kinki region during the Sengoku period (period of warring states), and it is necessary to note that the phenomenon was very important part of economic history.
- 室町幕府の財政は幕府直轄の御料所からの収入が主であったが、南北朝の戦乱の際に敵対する南朝側より狙われて奪取されたり、自軍への恩賞にされてしまうケースも多く、鎌倉幕府や江戸幕府に比べて小規模であったと考えられている。
- The majority of the financial income of Muromachi Bakufu came from Goryo-sho (御料所), which was directly controlled by Bakufu; but often, during the war of the Northern and Southern Courts, the Goryo-sho became a target and were taken by the opposing Nancho side, or were given away as rewards for one's own army, and the scale of Goryo-sho is considered to be smaller than that of Kamakura Bakufu or Edo Bakufu.
- しかし、その形式が従来と違い文中に中国皇帝のみが使用する「皇」や「勅」の語があったことで、朝鮮側はそれらは朝鮮にたいし日本を上位におくととらえ、また近代化を進める日本を「仮洋夷」として警戒してその受け取りを拒否した。
- However, the Korean government refused to accept it saying that the note was written in a style that differed from the conventional one and containing words '皇' and '勅'--traditionally used only by Chinese emperors-- suggested that Japan was superior to Korea, and warning that Japan's modernization was based on 'a presumed doctrine of excluding western threats.'
- ペリーの『日本遠征記』によると、2度の来航で100発以上の空砲を祝砲、礼砲、号砲の名目で撃っており、日本側史料には、これが大混乱を巻き起こしたことが記録されているが、いずれも被害は無く、実戦は行っていないはずである。
- According to Perry's 'Narratives of the Expedition of an American Squadron to the China Seas and Japan,' over 100 blanks were fired during the squadron's two visits for the purposes of celebration, appreciation, and signaling, while Japanese sources write that these gun shots created great confusion, but there was no damage, and it is unlikely that actual fighting occurred.
- 俊基らは赦免されたが資朝は鎌倉へ連行され佐渡島へ流刑となり、側近の万里小路宣房らが鎌倉へ赴いて釈明を行い、後醍醐天皇は幕府に釈明して赦されるが、7年後の1331年(元弘元年)に2度目の討幕計画である元弘の乱を起こす。
- Toshimoto and some others were forgiven, but Suketomo was taken to Kamakura and then exiled to Sado Island, an aide, Nobufusa MADENOKOJI went to Kamakura to offer clarification and Emperor Godaigo was forgiven by the bakufu after an apology, but seven years later, in 1331, he led his second plan to overthrow the bakufu, the Genko no Ran (Genko Rebellion).
- 勝頼は、真理姫から義昌の謀反を知らされると、これに激怒し従兄弟の武田信豊_(甲斐武田氏)(信玄の弟・武田信繁の子)を先手とする木曾征伐の軍勢5000余を先発として差し向け、さらに義昌の生母と側室と子供を磔にして処刑。
- Upon being informed by Marihime of the betrayal of Yoshimasa, Katsuyori was infuriated and dispatched a troop of about 5,000 soldiers led by his cousin Nobutoyo TAKEDA (a member of the Takeda clan in Kai) to conquer Kiso Province; Katsuyori also crucified and executed Yoshimasa's mother, concubine and child.
- その筆致は同書に依拠して書かれた『永享記』(『結城戦場記』)と比べると足利持氏を擁護する傾向にあるが、永享の乱の根本的原因は『永享記』と同じく持氏側に求め、乱に至らしめた持氏の行動を「天魔の所行」と強く非難している。
- The writing is sympathetic to Mochiuji ASHIKAGA compared with the 'Eikyo ki' (Yuji Battle Record), written based on the Kamakura Mochiuji ki, but like the Eikyo ki, it finds Mochiuji guilty of causing the Eikyo Rebellion and strongly criticizes Mochiuji's actions that led to the Rebellion as 'the acts of a devil'.
- 日本による、韓国施政忠告権や臨検収用権など、日本側に有利な条項もあるが、反面、日本政府は、李王家、韓国の独立及び領域 (国家)を確実に保障し、片務的防衛義務を負うなどとしており、一方的に日本に有利なものとはなっていない。
- There were some Articles which were advantageous to Japan, such as the right of the admonishment of the Korean administration and also the rights of visitation and expropriation; however, by contrast, it was not always a one-sided treaty because there were some Articles which didn't benefit Japan; the treaty said the Japanese government shall certainly guarantee the independence and territories of the Korean Imperial family Ri, the sovereign of Korea; nevertheless, the government had the one-sided obligation to defence of the Korean territories.
- 南側、つまり楽市や六角氏の居館があった方向から攻め上ろうとすると、そこには強固な石垣がある平井丸、池田丸があり、また山裾の平地部分に部隊を展開しようとすると、観音寺城の支城、箕作城、長光寺城があり挟撃される可能性がある。
- If enemies attacked the castle from the south where the Rakuichi and the residences of the Rokkaku clan were located, the Hiraimaru (Kuruwa) and Ikedamaru (Kuruwa) areas were there with strong stone walls to block them; and if enemies tried to send troops to the flatland at the skirt of the mountain, there was a possibility of a pincer drive by the armies from Mitsukuri-jo Castle and Chokoji-jo Castle, the subsidiary castles of Kannonji-jo Castle.
- 日本書紀によれば、天智天皇より皇位継承するのは大海人皇子とされていたとあり、天武天皇(後の天武天皇)は672年6月に吉野から東方へ脱出し、美濃国を拠点に軍兵を徴発した上で近江大津宮へ進軍し、同年7月、大友側に決戦を挑んだ。
- According to Nihonshoki, Prince Oama (later Emperor Tenchi) was to ascend the throne, who escaped eastward from Yoshino in June 672 to base in Mino no Kuni where he commandeered troops and advanced toward the Imperial Palace to challenge the OTOMO side to a battle in July of the same year.
- 謀議が事実であったかどうかは当時でも疑問視する向きが多く、西光と成親が清盛の呼び出しに簡単に応じていることから、平氏側(清盛)が院近臣勢力を潰すため、もしくは山門との衝突を回避するためにでっち上げた疑獄事件の可能性もある。
- Whether there in fact were any secret plans was questioned even at that point and since Saiko and Narichika readily attended to Kiyomori's call, there is a possibility that it was a plot by the Taira clan (Kiyomori) to destroy close aides of the cloistered government or evade confrontation with the Sanmon.
- 南朝側は、北朝の意向により天台座主や寺社の要職に就いた者などを更迭して南朝方の人物を据えることや、建武の新政において公家や寺社に与えるため没収された地頭職を足利政権が旧主に返還した事の取り消しなどを求め、北朝方と対立する。
- The Southern Court confronted the Northern Court by proposing to fire the people selected by the Northern Court to become Tendaizasu (chief of Tendaishu) and important positions in temples and shrines and replace them with Southern Court related people, and wanted the cancellation of the return by the Ashikaga administration of jito (land steward) positions that were taken away during the Kenmu Restoration to give to kuge and temples and shrines.
- 幕府は、船上のペリーに対してまず浦賀奉行所与力の中島三郎助を派遣し、ペリーの来航が将軍にアメリカ合衆国大統領親書を渡すことを目的とすることを把握したが、ペリー側は幕府側の与力の階級が低過ぎるとして親書を預けることを拒否した。
- The Shogunate dispatched Saburosuke NAKAJIMA, the yoriki (police sergeant) of Uraga Bugyosho (the magistrate's office in Uraga), to meet Perry on his ship, and from this dispatch understood that the purpose of Perry's visit was to deliver a letter from the President of the United States directly to the Shogun--Perry refused to give the letter to NAKAJIMA, claiming the man's rank was too low.
- 一進会の主張はあくまで日韓両国民の対等な地位に基づく日韓共栄であって日本の考える韓国の吸収併合とは全く異なるものであることや、日韓併合については韓国側の要求は一切受け入れない方針であったため日本政府は一進会の請願を拒否した。
- The Japanese Government refused their demand because Isshinkai claimed for the mutual prosperity between Korea and Japan on a basis of Korean and Japanese people's equal position, which was completely different from the merger and annexation of Korea, that Japan was expecting, and also Japan was taking its own policy that any request from Korea was unacceptable for the Japanese annexation of Korea.
- 特に単独の代表者は置かれず、「特務委員」後に「常務委員」と呼ばれる複数の議員による合議制(1916年の研究会規則では9名の常務委員を設置)であったが、次第に山縣有朋の側近である清浦奎吾が同会の指導者として浮上してくる事になる。
- The faction had no specific single representative but adopted council system (nine standing committees were to be appointed according to Kenkyukai regulations in 1916) organized with multiple members called 'Tokumuin' (special committees) or later called 'Jomuin' (standing committees), but later, Keigo KIYOURA, a aide to Aritomo YAMAGATA, gradually became influential as a leader of Kenkyukai.
- 毎年1月11日_(旧暦)(応永年間後期以後)、管領以下を召集して開催され、まず奉行人より任命された右筆が祝詞を述べ、管領や評定衆が将軍に対して太刀を献上し、将軍側からも太刀を下賜するなど鎌倉期に比べて形式的な要素が強くなった。
- On January 11 (old calendar) (since the late Oei era) every year, hyojohajime was conducted through the convening of kanrei (shogunal deputies) and their subordinates with more ritual formalities than in the Kamakura period: yuhitsu (an amanuensis) appointed by bugyonin gave a speech of auspiciousness; kanrei and hyojoshu offered a sword to the Shogun, and the Shogun also granted them swords.
- しかし、事件から9日後に提出された公式報告書(9月)では、測量等のために朝鮮側の官僚と面会しようとして武装端艇でその陣営近くまで遡航し、さらに朝鮮側に断ることなく奥(ソウル方面)へと進もうとして砲台から砲撃されたと記されていた。
- However, the official report (September) which was submitted nine days after the incident describes that Japan approached Korea's camp by warship to meet the Korea's bureaucrats for the purpose of measuring and so on, and when they advanced more (toward Seoul) without permission from Korea, they were attacked from Korea's gun battery.
- 一方、研究会側も1919年に伯爵議員が多い甲寅倶楽部を合併して伯爵議員のほとんどを押さえ、続いて1922年には将来の貴族院指導者と目されていた近衛文麿公爵(後の内閣総理大臣)の入会させて筆頭常務委員につけるなど勢力拡大を続けた。
- Kenkyukai, on the other hand, merged Koin Club, to which many count members belonged, to control most count members in 1919, and in 1922, received count Fumimaro KONOE, who was regarded as a future leader in the House of Peers (and became a prime minister later), as a member and appointed as the leader of the standing committee, and kept expanding powers.
- しかも交渉は双方の首都から離れた倭館のある釜山で開かれ、相手側政府の状況は勿論、担当者が自国政府の状況も十分把握できない状況下で交渉が行われたために相互ともに相手側が「九月協定」の合意内容を破ったと非難を始めて、6月には決裂した。
- In addition, the negotiation was held in Busan distant from both capitals the Wakan located, and under the circumstances that the person in charge were unable to grasp the whole situation of their own government as well as other side's government, started blaming each other for violation of 'September Agreement' mutually, and then, it was broken off in June.
- 享和三年(1803年)正月の中瀬村 (三重県)(現伊賀市)の記録によると、村の農民側から無足身分である忍者に対して、農民と同様の棒役を務めるよう要請があったが、忍者側が士族の身分であることを盾にそれを拒否したところ村八分にされた。
- According to the record on Nakaze-mura Village (present Iga City) (Mie Prefecture) in the New Year's Holidays in 1803, the peasants' side demanded Ninja in social status of musoku to be charged boyaku as well as peasants, but Ninja's side refused it on the pretext of their being in warrior class, which led to their social ostracism.
- これに対して西軍側は高次の裏切りに対する報復として、毛利元康を大将とし、それに立花宗茂、毛利秀包、筑紫広門ら九州方面の諸大名の軍勢を中心とした総勢1万5000人の軍勢をもって、慶長5年9月7日より大津城に対して包囲攻撃を開始した。
- In response, the West squad started to besiege Otsu-jo Castle on October 13, 1600 with a force of 15,000 strong mainly organized by daimyos in the Kyushu areas such as Muneshige TACHIBANA, Hidekane MORI and Hirokado TSUKUSHI and led by Motoyasu MORI in retribution for Takatsugu's treachery.
- これは中国における西欧側の非道を知ったこともあるが、朱子学以外を認めない衛正斥邪という思想政策を積極的に推し進めたことから分かるように、大院君は中華思想的発想の持ち主であり、その点から西欧諸国を夷狄視していたことも理由の一つである。
- Daewongun knew the atrocities of West Europeans in China, and he actively promoted the wijŏng ch'ŏksa policy (defense of Confucian orthodoxy and rejection of Christian heterodoxy), which was not to admit ideas other than the doctrines of Zhu Xi, and also he believed in Sinocentrism, and because of this he presumed the Western Europe countries to be barbarous.
- この半済令の対象地は兵粮料所と呼ばれて当初は激戦地の8ヶ国に限定されていたが、南朝 (日本)側がこれに対抗して朝用分制度を導入したこともあって次第に広がりを見せて全国的な半済へと至り、兵粮料所は事実上守護領に編入されることとなった。
- The territory to which this Hanzeirei applied, or in other words the territory called hyoro-ryosho, was initially limited to the eight provinces involved in the fiercest fighting, but the Southen Court, to counter this move, introduced their own system of separating out a portion of rice for use by the court and its adherents, so that Hanzeirei gradually spread until it eventually covered the entire country, until the hyoro-ryosho were in actuality absorbed into the territories of each shugo.
- 貞治の変(じょうじ の へん)は、日本の南北朝時代 (日本)後期(室町時代初期)の貞治5年(1366年)、室町幕府の執事(のちの管領)であった斯波義将およびその父で征夷大将軍足利義詮側近の有力守護大名であった斯波高経が失脚した事件。
- Joji Incident, which occurred in 1366 during the late Northern and Southern Courts Period (Japan) (the early Muromachi period), was an incident by which Yoshimasa SHIBA, shitsuji (steward, later renamed kanrei) of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and his father Takatsune SHIBA, an influential shugodaimyo (territorial lord as provincial constables) and a close aid of seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, fell from power.
- 通例であれば無縁仏として集合墳墓に改葬されるところだが、青山霊園の場合、2006年度に東京都側が78基にのぼる管理費滞納お雇い外国人墓所を文化史的に再評価し、史跡として保護する方針であることが2005年2月18日の読売新聞で報じられた。
- In such cases, the remains are usually reclassified as muen botoke (a person who has died leaving nobody to look after his or her grave) and reburied in a communal grave; but in the fiscal year of 2006, as reported by the Yomiuri Shimbun (the Daily Yomiuri) on February 18, 2005, in the case of the Aoyama Cemetery the Tokyo Metropolitan Government re-evaluated 78 graves of Oyatoi-gaikokujin for which the maintenance fee has not been paid as important from the perspective of cultural history, and it plans to preserve them as historical sites.
- 観応の擾乱において一時的に南朝へ下った足利直義や足利尊氏、義詮の側近から南朝へ転じた仁木義長・細川清氏のようなそれまでの北朝 (日本)内部の争乱の没落側と異なり、斯波一族の場合は南朝方へ走ることはなく、おとなしく守護国の越前へと下った。
- Unlike those people who were defeated in the battle inside the Northern Court (Japan), such as Naoyoshi ASHIKAGA and Takauji ASIKAGA who once submitted themselves to the Southern Court in the Kanno Disturbance or Yoshinaga NIKI and Kiyouji HOSOKAWA who shifted from the aids of Yoshiakira to the Southern Court side, Shiba clan obediently returned to Echizen Province instead of shifting to the Southern Court.
- 横山城は美濃国の関ヶ原(岐阜県関ケ原町)から浅井氏の本拠地である小谷城(滋賀県湖北町)の西側を通る北陸脇往還街道のすぐ脇に立地するうえに、小谷城から6-7kmほどの距離しかないため、織田信長は重要な前線基地として横山城の攻略を目指した。
- Because Yokoyama-jo Castle was located in Sekigahara of Mino Province (the present-day Sekigahara-cho, in Gifu Prefecture) and near the Hokuriku-wakiokan road running through the west side of the base of the Azai clan, Odani-jo Castle (in Kohoku-cho, Shiga Prefecture), and located only six or seven kilometers from Odani-jo Castle, Nobunaga ODA attempted to capture Yokoyama-jo Castle as an important front-line base.
- 日本側は連合艦隊司令長官伊東祐亨中将率いる旗艦「松島 (巡洋艦)」以下8隻と第一遊撃隊司令長官坪井航三少将率いる旗艦「吉野 (防護巡洋艦)」以下4隻であるのに対して、清国艦隊は丁汝昌提督率いる「定遠」「鎮遠」等14隻と水雷艇4隻であった。
- The Japanese force consisted of the flagship 'Matsushima' led by Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet Lieutenant General Yuko ITO and another eight warships as well as the flagship 'Yoshino' led by the commander of the first commando unit Major General Kozo TSUBOI and other four warships, while the Qing consisted of the'Dingyuan' and the 'Chen Yuen' led by Adminaral Jyosho TEI and other 14 torpedo boats.
- だが、実際の政務を行っているのが最大の荘園領主である摂関家以下有力貴族であったこと、国司側も任期が終了に近づくと次の役職を得るための一種の猟官運動として有力貴族による荘園実施を認める傾向にあったために多くの例外が生まれ、実効性が乏しかった。
- However, since actual government affairs were performed by sekkan-ke and powerful nobles who were also the most powerful manor lords, and kokushi, towards the end of their term, who had a tendency to approve manors by powerful nobles as a form of office-seeking activity to secure their next post, it was not very effective with many exceptional cases.
- 乱を起こした側としては、治安維持の任につく武芸の家の者としての勲功認定、待遇改善を目指す動きを条件闘争的にエスカレートさせていった結果として叛乱に至ってしまった面を持ち、また鎮圧側も、乱を鎮圧することでやはり自らの勲功認定、待遇改善を図った。
- The Samurai that fought with the rebels aimed to gain formal recognition for their profession and improve the living conditions for the samurai families that were responsible for maintaining security, while the Samurai who fought against the rebels were also fighting for recognition and better conditions.
- 神戸市街地は1945年に大空襲を受けたため、現在の神戸市役所西側一帯にあった居留地時代(1899年以前)の建物で残っているのは旧居留地十五番館(旧アメリカ合衆国領事館、国の重要文化財)が唯一で、多く残る近代ビル建築は主に大正時代のものである。
- The urban areas of Kobe were devastated by the great air raids in 1945, so building No. 15 of the former settlement (the former consulate of the United States, and an important cultural property of Japan) was the only building left standing among those built in the settlement period (that is, before 1899) in the western area of the settlement, which corresponds to the vicinity of the present-day city hall of Kobe; most of the modern-era buildings that remain standing were built in the Taisho period.
- 生類憐みの令を処罰された側から見ると悪法に見えるが、例えば、当時、まだ戦国時代 (日本)の「人を殺して出世する(賃金を得る)」がごとき風習が未だ根強く、病人や牛馬などを山野に捨てる風習や、宿で旅人が病気になると追い出されるなどの悪習があった。
- Although it appears an evil law from the viewpoint of the offender, there was still a persevering custom from the Civil War Period of 'Achieving promotion (monetary gain) by killing others', as well as a tendency to leave sick people, oxen and horses in fields and on mountains and of driving sick travellers out of inns.
- 1924年には干ばつがあり、これは、水源地の足尾の山林が荒廃して保水能力を失ったためだと考えた両組合は、それぞれ別個に活動を行い、1925年には群馬県側の農民ら数千人の署名が集められ、貴族院、衆議院、内務大臣、農務大臣宛てに請願書が提出される。
- In 1924, those areas was hit by a drought, and both unions considered it was because the damaged forests had no longer absorbed nor contained water; although the unions took action separately, in 1925 the petition including thousands of signatures of the farmers and peasants and others in Gunma Prefecture was submitted to the House of Peers, the House of Representatives, the Minister of Home Affairs and the Minister of Agricultural Affairs.
- 承平8年(938年)2月、身の置き所のなくなった平貞盛は東山道をへて京へ上ろうと出立するが、朝廷に告訴されることを恐れた将門は100騎を率いてこれを追撃、信濃国信濃川で追いついて合戦となり、貞盛側の多くが討たれるも、貞盛は身ひとつで逃亡に成功。
- Having no idea what to do with hiimself, TAIRA no Sadamori left for Kyoto via Tosando Road in Feburary 938, but was chased by Masakado with his 100 horsemen who feared action from the Imperial Court; Sadamori escaped following a battle at Shinano-gawa River in Shinano Province, although many of his men were killed.
- 伊藤が内閣総理大臣に就任したことにともない、三條は内大臣として宮中にまわり、以後は天皇の側近としてこれを「常侍輔弼」することになったのだが、そもそも内大臣府は三條処遇のために創られた名誉職であり、実際は彼を二階へあげて梯子を外したも同然だった。
- Once ITO assumed office as Prime Minister, SANJO transferred to imperial court as Minister of the center, after that, he served as a close adviser of Emperor, but Minister of center's Office was originally a honorary position exclusively set up for SANJO, so actually he was just like a man in a penthouse without means to go down.
- 特に十津川支流の神納川のV字谷は、紀伊山地の中でも発達が著しいもので両側の稜線間の距離は10キロメートル、深さは500メートル以上、神納川と十津川本流との合流点である川津から分水嶺までの標高差は1000メートル以上に及ぶが蛇行はさほどではない。
- The v-shaped valley along Jinno-gawa River, a branch of Totsu-kawa River, is particularly well developed among the rivers in the Kii Mountains, the distance between ridge lines on both sides is 10 kilometers, the depth is more than 500 meters, the vertical drop from Kawatsu which is a joint of Jinno-gawa River and the main stream of Totsu-kawa River to the divide is more than 1,000, however it does not have great flections.
- 結局、2月2日 (旧暦)(2月24日)、備前藩は諸外国側の要求を受け入れ、2月9日 (旧暦)(3月2日)、永福寺において列強外交官列席のもとで滝を切腹させるのと同時に備前藩部隊を率いた日置について謹慎を課すということで、一応の決着を見たのである。
- At last on February 24, the domain of Bizen accepted the demand of the foreign countries, and on March 2 it made TAKI commit suicide by disembowelment in the presence of the diplomats of the powerful countries at Eifukuji Temple and at the same tiime put HEKI, who was a chief of the troops of the domain of Bizen, under house arrest, which tentatively settled the Incident.
- つまり、江戸城の本城は大手門から和田倉門、馬場先門、桜田門の内側にある本丸、二の丸、西の丸などの内郭に将軍、次期将軍となる将軍の世子、先代の将軍である大御所が住む御殿が造られ、その西にあたる半蔵門内の吹上に将軍の親族である徳川御三家の屋敷が置かれた。
- The palaces of shogun, his heir and ogosho (ex-shogun) were constructed the central castle compound of the Edo Castle within the Honmaru, Ninomaru and Nishinomaru interior castle that were enclosed by the Ote-mon, Wadakura-mon, Babasaki-mon, and Sakurada-mon cates, and the residences of Tokugawa gosanke (three privileged branches of the Tokugawa family) were reserved west of the Castle and behind Hanzo-mon gate Gate.
- 公署は旧台北市役所(現在の中華民国行政院)に設置され、国民政府代表の陳儀、葛敬恩、柯遠芬、黄朝琴、游弥堅、宋斐如、李万居の他、台湾住民代表として林献堂、陳炘、林茂生、日本側代表として安藤利吉及び諫山春樹が参加し、ここに日本による台湾統治は終焉を迎えた。
- The administrative office was established in the former Taipei municipal office (today's Executive Yuan of the Republic of China) and with Yi CHEN, Jing-en GE, Yuan-fen KE, Chao-qin HUANG, Mi-jian YOU, Fei-ju SUNG and Wan-ju LI representing the National government, Xiantang LIN, Xin CHEN and Mao-sheng LIN on behalf of the residents of Taiwan and Rikichi ANDO and Haruki ISAYAMA representing Japan, the ruling of Taiwan by Japan ended.
- なお、この反乱は一般に承平 (日本)・天慶 (日本)の両元号の期間に発生した事から「承平天慶の乱」と呼称されているが、承平年間における朝廷側の認識ではこの当時の将門・純友の行動は私戦(豪族同士の対立による私的な武力衝突)とその延長としか見られていない。
- The wars are commonly referred to as 'The Johei and Tengyo Wars' since they occurred during the Johei (Japan) and Tengyo (Japan) eras, but, at the time, the actions of Masakado and Sumitomo were seen by the Imperial Court as mere private warfare, private conflicts between local ruling families.
- 第1次山本内閣の時代を含めることにより、この時期の民衆が一方では憲政擁護運動以来の反閥族感情を保ちながらも、他方では1913年7月の辛亥革命の混乱に際しては、革命派擁護を名目とする対中出兵論に容易に乗るような大正デモクラーの一側面が視野にはいってくる。
- By including the era of the first Yamamoto Cabinet into the Taisho Seihen, we can see another side of Taisho Democracy; since the out set of the Campaign for the Defense of the Constitutionalism, the public in this period retained the anti-clique sentiment, however on the other hand, they easily agreed on dispatching troops to China in the name of supporting the revolutionary group in the turmoil of the Republican Revolution when it broke out in China in July 1913.
- そもそも「国王」称号や「干支」の使用は中華秩序における冊封体制の残滓であり、中華帝国を頂点として周辺諸国を従属国視する、伝統的東アジア外交秩序そのものであり、いまこそ、その体制から離脱を図り、かつ朝鮮側にもそれを認知させようとしたのだ、という論である。
- One opinion is as follows: Use of the title of 'King' and the 'Oriental zodiac' was a residue of the China-centered sakuho (homage by Chinese emperors) system, indicating the traditional eastern Asian diplomatic order with China placed at the top and nations around it considered dependent on China, and it was time to try separating from such a system and to make such a situation acknowledged by the Korean side as well.
- 1333年(元弘3/正慶2)、反幕府勢力の討伐のために京都へ派遣された有力御家人の足利尊氏が、一転して後醍醐側へつき六波羅探題を落とすと、新田義貞が上野国で挙兵し、これに呼応した関東の御家人たちと鎌倉を攻略して、鎌倉幕府と北条氏は滅亡した(元弘の乱)。
- In 1333, when a senior vassal named Takauzi ASHIKAGA who had been dispatched to Kyoto to eliminate the anti-bakufu forces defected to the Godaigo faction and deposed the Rokuhara Tandai, Yoshisada NITTA raised an army in Kozuke Province and with Kanto gokenin, who agreed to this, captured Kamakura and thus overthrew the Kamakura bakufu and the Hojo clan (Genko War).
- ペーパーカートリッジは、火薬と弾を紙でソーセージ状に包んだ物であるが、使用するときは早合と同じように、カートリッジの弾の入ってない側を歯で噛み破って、中身の火薬を銃口から入れ、そののち弾と残りの紙を搠杖(英語ではランマーまたはラムロッド)で押し込んだ。
- Paper cartridges consisted of gun powder and a bullet wrapped like a sausage, and like hayago, the side without the bullet was bitten off, the gun powder was inserted from the muzzle, then the bullet and the rest of the paper were pushed in after it with a rammer or a ramrod.
- だが、松方・進歩党が希望するこの二大課題が解決すると、元々大隈との提携に不満があった薩摩閥系閣僚と進歩党側の対立が激化、更に松方が財政難の解決のために地租改正反対一揆以来一種のタブーとなっていた「地租増徴」を提案したことから進歩党内に倒閣の機運が生じた。
- However, once two major tasks the Progressive Party represented by MATSUKATA aimed for were solved, conflicts were intensified between the cabinet members from Satsuma Domain clique who had been dissatisfied with cooperation with OKUMA from the beginning and the Progressive Party side, and moreover to solve economic difficulties, MATSUKATA proposed 'the plan to increase land taxes' which had been a sort of taboo since the peasant revolt against the land-tax reform, which gathered momentum within the Progressive Party of overthrowing the Cabinet.
- ただ、意外性の強いお触れであったために江戸の人々は次々に裏をかいておちょくり、そのため幕府側も次々に詳細なお触れで対抗するという、ある意味で不幸なループに陥り、そのため、実質をはるかに上回る「面白い話」として後世に伝えられてしまったのではないか、という。
- However, as the contents of the law were surprising, people in Edo made fun of them, to which the Shogunate responded by issuing further detailed instructions in succession, entering a viscous circle which lead to future generations hearing of them as 'curious tales' which differed greatly from the reality.
- 銅鐸はその形状ゆえ、初期の小型の物は鈕の内側に紐などを通して吊るし、舞上面に開けられた穴から木や石、鹿角製の「舌(ぜつ)」を垂らして胴体部分か、あるいは「舌」そのものを揺らし、内部で胴体部分の内面突帯と接触させる事で鳴らされたと考えられる(西洋の鐘と同じ)。
- From the shape, it is thought that early small dotaku had a string or others hanging from a crown and a 'tongue (clapper)' made of wood, stone or a deer horn dangling inside the body through the top hole, and that it was rung when the tongue touches a raised-area on the inside wall of the body by swinging the body or the 'tongue' itself (same mechanism as in Western bells).
- 朝鮮側がこの条項になんら抵抗を示していないのは、先に述べたように国際法についての無関心からくるのであるが、それ以外に江戸時代の対馬藩との往来の頃には民事案件であろうと刑事のものであろうと、日本人犯罪者は倭館の日本人責任者に引き渡していた慣例があったためである。
- One reason why Korea did not resist this provision was that they were indifferent to international law, as described before, but there was another reason that during the Edo period when they traded with the Tsushima clan, traditionally the criminals were given over to the Japanese in charge in the Japanese consular office, no matter whether it was a civil or criminal case.
- この時の官軍側には、司令官の谷干城少将(後に農商務大臣)、参謀長の樺山資紀中佐(後に海軍大臣・軍令部長)はじめ、児玉源太郎少佐(後に陸軍大臣・参謀総長)、川上操六少佐(後に参謀総長)・奥保鞏少佐(後に参謀総長・元帥)など、後年の大物軍人・政治家らが参加していた。
- At this time, persons who would later become leading military men and statesmen participated in the government army: Major General Tateki TANI (later, Minister of Agriculture and Commerce) as Commanding Officer, Lieutenant Colonel Sukenori KABAYAMA (later, Navy Minister, Chief of the Naval General Staff) as Chief of Staff, as well as Major Gentaro KODAMA (later, Army Minister, Chief of the General Staff), Major Soroku KAWAKAMI (later, Chief of the General Staff), Major Yasukata OKU (later, Chief of General Staff, General of the Army), for example.
- 講和内容は豊臣家側の条件として、本丸を残して二の丸、三の丸を破壊し、外堀を埋める事、淀殿を人質としない替わりに大野治長、織田有楽斎より人質を出す事が提出され、これに対し徳川家が、秀頼の身の安全と本領の安堵、城中諸士についての不問を約すことで、和議は成立している。
- The establlished compromise included the following contents; the Toyotomi side should destroy Ninomau (the second bailey) and Sannomaru (the third bailey), leave Honmaru as it was, fill up the outer moat of the castle and, instead of Yodo-dono, Harunaga ONO and Urakusai ODA should offer hostages: the Tokugawa side should guarantee the safety of Hideyori and approval of his main domain and overlook soldiers in the castle.
- しかし勲功への処遇の不満や、国衙側が彼等の新興の武人としての誇りを踏みにじるような徴税収奪に走ったり、彼らが武人としての自負から地域紛争に介入したときの対応を誤ったりしたことをきっかけに起きたのが、藤原純友や平高望の孫の平将門らによる反乱、承平天慶の乱であった。
- However, they were dissatisfied with the treatment for their deeds of valor and were disgraced as emerging warriors by kokugas, who forcibly collected taxes from them; also when they interfered with the regional conflicts out of their self-pride as warriors, the kokugas failed to handle the situation well, all of which triggered the revolts by FUJIWARA no Sumitomo and TAIRA no Masakado who was a grandson of TAIRA no Takamochi, and others, namely, the Johei and Tengyo War.
- なお、勧修寺晴豊の「日々記」では、天正十年夏記において、 六月十七日 天晴。早天ニ済藤蔵助ト申者明智者也。武者なる者也。かれなと信長打談合衆也。いけとられ車にて京中わたり申候。と光秀と朝廷側の人間が「信長ヲ打ツ」謀議(談合)を持っていたことと伺わせる記述がある。
- In 'Nichinichiki' of Harutoyo KAJUJI, there is a description which hints that there was a plot (discussion) 'to overthrow Nobunaga' between Mitsuhide and persons form the Imperial Court as follows:June 17 (old calendar) FineIn early morning, Kuranosuke SAITO, who belonged to the Akechi clan and discussed about overthrowing Nobunaga, was caught and paraded through Kyoto.
- ただし、内戦状態が解消して安定状態がもたらされた江戸時代には、表向き禁止された百姓の一揆が結成され、それによる権益要求の示威活動(強訴)が行われても、一揆側で真に戦闘時に威力を発揮する鉄砲や弓矢といった飛び道具の持ち出しは自粛されるなど、一定の妥協が成立していた。
- In the Edo period after civil wars had ended and the nation was stabilized, although the peasants formed ikki in spite of the ostensible prohibition and held demonstrations (goso) to demand their rights, a certain compromise had been reached, and those on the side of the ikki refrained from using such long range weapons as muskets and bows which were most effective in battle.
- ちなみに、光謙は昭和19年(1944年)11月29日に死去した、江戸時代の藩主の中でもっとも長寿の人物であった(但し、光謙の時代には既に版籍奉還が行われており、上総請西藩の林忠崇(戊辰戦争で幕府側について改易、昭和16年死去)を「最後の藩主」とするのが通説である)。
- In addition, Mitsunori who died on November 29, 1944 lived longer than any other lord of the domain in the Edo period (however, since the return of lands and people to the emperor was implemented during the era of Mitsunori, it is a popular theory to consider Tadataka HAYASHI of the Jozai Domain, Kazusa Province - he became subject to Kaieki [forfeit rank of Samurai and properties] because he was on the side of the bakufu in the Boshin Civil War, and died in 1941 - as the 'last lord of domain').
- このように、家制度には家を統括する戸主の権限により家族の権利が犠牲にされる側面があったため、日本国憲法第24条等に反するとして、日本国憲法の施行に伴う民法の応急的措置に関する法律(昭和22年法律第74号)により、日本国憲法の施行日(1947年5月3日)に廃止された。
- Therefore Ie seido had a side that rights of family members were sacrificed by rights of a head of a family, so, since this goes against Article 24 of the Constitution of Japan, according to Act on emergency measures of Civil Code (民法の応急的措置に関する法律) (In 1947, law no.74) Ie seido was abolished on the day of enforcement of the Constitution of Japan (May 3, 1947).
- 8代将軍・足利義政は芸術や建築に関しては優れた才覚の持ち主であったものの、政治的関心には乏しく、自然と政治は将軍の正室・日野富子や将軍側近、有力大名らによる権力抗争の場と化し、関東で鎌倉公方の復活を巡って生じた享徳の乱が発生しても、十分な対策を打とうとはしなかった。
- The eighth Shogun, Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, while exceptionally gifted in the arts and in architectural design, had little interest in politics, so it naturally fell to his lawful wife Tomiko HINO, his inner circle of advisors, and the most powerful daimyo to rule and to solve disputes over authority; and upon the outbreak of the Kyotoku Rebellion, in which some sought to revive the fortunes of the Kubo of Kamakura, they failed to respond with sufficient force.
- しかしながら、ドイツ・オーストリア海軍Uボート及び武装商船の海上交通破壊作戦が強化され、1917年1月からドイツおよびオーストリアが無制限潜水艦作戦を開始すると連合国側の艦船の被害が甚大なものになり、イギリスは日本へ、地中海へ駆逐艦隊、喜望峰へ巡洋艦隊の派遣を要請した。
- However, as operations by the German and Austrian navy to destroy sea traffic with U-boats and armed merchantmen grew in intensity and Germany and Austria began unrestricted submarine warfare in January 1917, navy ships of the Allies were made to suffer serious damage, so that Britain requested Japan to dispatch a destroyer fleet to the Mediterranean and a cruiser fleet to the Cape of Good Hope.
- だが、この路線確立に大きな影響力を与えてきた藤原仲麻呂が失脚して、仏教僧でありながら積極的に祈祷を行うなどの前代の巫的要素を併せ持った道鏡が政権の中枢に立ったことによって、宇佐八幡宮側が失地回復を目指して道鏡側に対して接触を試みた延長線上に同事件を位置づけられるという。
- However, the view points out that the Oracle Incident can be seen as an extension of the attempt by the Usa Hachiman-gu Shrine to regain power by approaching Dokyo side, from the fact that FUJIWARA no Nakamaro who had given a significant influence in establishing this course of event fell from power, and instead, Dokyo who was a Buddhist priest but at the same time had a characteristic of a spiritual medium such as actively conducting prayers, took over the center of the politics.
- たとえばこの事件に関して、金城馨は、沖縄県の人々の抗議により、沖縄県民の展覧中止が実現したものの、他の民族の展覧が最後まで続いた点に注目し、「沖縄人の中にも、沖縄人と他の民族を同列に展示するのは屈辱的だ、という意識があり、沖縄人も差別する側に立っていた」と主張している。
- For instance, Kaoru KINJO points out that while the display of the Okinawa people were successfully cancelled due to protest movement by residents in Okinawa, the exhibition of other ethnic groups continued to the last, and he insists 'Even some of the people in Okinawa felt humiliated to have people from Okinawa displayed with other ethnic groups and they were also in a position to discriminate'.
- また実際に、長州藩では官軍に立場が転じると旧幕府側の人間を敵意をこめて「朝敵」と呼称した山県有朋や世良修蔵のような人物が見られ、鹿児島で起きた西南戦争において旧幕府側出身の抜刀隊員達は、賊軍の汚名を晴らすべく「戊辰の仇、戊辰の仇」と叫んで斬り込んでいったとする談話もある。
- Additionally, Aritomo YAMAGATA and Shuzo SERA called members of the former Shogunate 'choteki' with respect, when their domain switched to the Imperial forces; in the Seinan War in Kagoshima the batto-tai of the former Shogunate forces cut in with a sword, shouting 'Avenge for Boshin, avenge for Boshin.'
- 対ロシアの戦略上、日本海軍は日本海側へ海軍の軍事拠点を設置する事が悲願となっており、1889年(明治22年)に、湾口が狭く、防御に適しており、また湾内は波静かで多くの艦船が停泊できるなど軍港としては格好の地形であった舞鶴湾に白羽の矢をたて、舞鶴に鎮守府を設置する事になった。
- In its strategy against Russia, the Imperial Japanese Navy needed to set up a naval military base on the side of the Sea of Japan, and in 1889, decided to establish Chinjufu in Maizuru, singling out Maizuru Bay for its geographical features which were suitable as a naval port with its narrow entrance which could be easily defended while the calm inside of the bay could accommodate many ships.
- 宇多上皇(程なく宇多法皇になる)は醍醐天皇に譲位した後も、『寛平御遺誡』という君主の心構えを新帝に説くばかりでなく、道真を始め源善・中納言源希・蔵人頭平季長・侍従藤原忠平といったいわゆる「寛平の治」の推進役だった一種の側近集団を新帝の周囲に配置して新帝の政策を主導しようと図った。
- Even after Retired Emperor Uda (who soon after became Cloistered Emperor Uta) abdicated the throne to Emperor Daigo, he went far beyond merely his written injunction, the Kanpyo goyuikai--which advised the new emperor on how to prepare himself to rule--and actively planned to continue his leadership role in the new emperor's government by surrounding Emperor Daigo with the group of his closest aides and ministers who had been the driving force behind the administration of the Kanpyo era, notably Michizane but also including MINAMOTO no Yoshi, the Chunagon (vice-councilor of state) MINAMOTO no Mare, the Kuroudo no kami (Majordomo of the palace) TAIRA no Suenaga, and the Jiju (Chamberlain) FUJIWARA no Tadahira.
- しかし、後醍醐天皇の討幕運動に呼応した河内国の楠木正成や後醍醐天皇の皇子で天台座主から還俗した護良親王、護良を支援した播磨国の赤松則村(円心)らが幕府軍に抵抗し、さらに幕府側の御家人である上野国の新田義貞や下野国の足利尊氏(高氏)らが幕府から朝廷へ寝返り、諸国の反幕府勢力を集める。
- However, those who had responded to Emperor Godaigo's call to strike against the shogunate like Masashige KUSUNOKI of Kawachi Province, Emperor Godaigo's own son Imperial Prince Morinaga (also known as Moriyoshi), who had returned to secular life after serving as head abbot of the entire Tendai sect, and Norimura (Enshin) AKAMATSU of Harima Province, who provided Morinaga support, continued to resist the shogunal forces; moreover, shogunal supporters like the gokenin (lower samurai warrior vassals) Yoshisada NITTA of Kozuke Province and Takauji ASHIKAGA of Shimotsuke Province eventually turned against the shogunate and joined the Imperial cause, gathering together a force from all the various provinces sufficient to topple the shogunate.
- 『日本書紀』の667年には、唐の百済鎮将劉仁願が、熊津都督府(唐が百済を占領後に置いた5都督府のひとつ)の役人に命じて、日本側の捕虜を筑紫都督府に送ってきたという記載がある(「十一月丁巳朔乙丑 百濟鎭將劉仁願遣熊津都督府熊山縣令上柱國司馬法聰等 送大山下境部連石積等於筑紫都督府」)。
- It is written in 'The Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) that in 667, Ryujingan, who was the Tang general stationed in Kudara, ordered the Ungjin governor-general capital (one of the 5 governor-general offices created by the Tang Dynasty in Kudara after the occupation) to send the Japanese hostages to the Chikushi governor-general capital.
- なお、『秩父事件史料集成』の編纂に参加した歴史学者の色川大吉は、当時の明治政府側の公文書の分析によって、明治政府が西南戦争に準じた「反乱」として認識していた事実を指摘している(なお、取調調書には参加者の最終的な目標が「天朝様(天皇)を倒す」ことであるとする自白があったとする記述がある)。
- A historian, Daikichi IROKAWA, who participated in compiling 'Chichibu Jiken Siryo Hensan (A Collection of Chichibu Incident Data) ', through an analysis of documents of the Meiji Government, pointed out that the incident was taken by the government a 'revolt' equivalent to the Seinan War (the interrogation record included a description of a confession that the final goal of the participants was 'to defeat the Emperor').
- 伊藤正徳 (軍事評論家)によると、制度としては予備役でもよいとなっていても、実際問題として誰が適任で誰が空いているか、清浦には全く見当がつかなかった上に相談相手も得られなかったので組閣断念に至ったという(また、清浦が軍部大臣現役武官制の擁護者であった山縣有朋の側近であったことも大きい)。
- According to Shotoku ITO (military critic), even if Yobieki was accepted by the system, Kiyoura probably would not have known who might be appropriate or available, and besides he did not have any consultants to discuss with; therefore, he gave up on forming a Cabinet (moreover, the fact that Kiyoura was a close adviser of Arimoto YAMAGATA, who was an advocate for Gunbu Daijin Geneki Bukan sei, played a part).
- 関東地方から東北地方にかけて支配を行き渡らせるため、10月には側近の北畠親房、親房の子で鎮守府将軍・陸奥守に任命された北畠顕家が義良親王(後村上天皇)を奉じて陸奥国へ派遣されて陸奥将軍府が成立し、12月には尊氏の弟の足利直義が後醍醐皇子の成良親王を奉じて鎌倉へ派遣され、鎌倉将軍府が成立。
- In order to spread Imperial control throughout the area from the Kanto to the Tohoku regions, in the tenth month the Emperor made Akiie KITABATAKE, the son of his close associate Chikafusa KITABATAKE, the Chinjufu shogun and Protector of Mutsu Province; Chikafusa and Akiie obeyed the will of Imperial Prince Yoshinaga (later Emperor Gomurakami) and were dispatched to Mutsu Province, thereby establishing the office of shogun (general) of Mutsu, and in the twelfth month Takauji's younger brother, Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA, obeyed the Imperial order of Emperor Godaigo's son Imperial Prince Narinaga and was dispatched to Kamakura, where the office of shogun of Kamakura was established.
- やがて広大な領土支配のため北部と西部方面の辺境地域を藩部とし南のネパール、ビルマ、シャム、越南(ベトナム)、東の朝鮮及び琉球(なお琉球は日本側とも冊封関係にあった)を冊封して清を中心とする国際秩序をアジアに構築、北辺ではシベリアに進出したロシア帝国との間に条約を締結して国境を漸次確定した。
- The dynasty soon established an international order in Asia with Qing as the center by joining northern and western remote regions as its provinces and had its vassal system with Nepal, Burma, Siam, and Vietnam in the south and Korea and Ryukyu Islands (although ryukyu had also a peerage relationship with Japan) in the east, and temporarily defined its northern border by concluding a treaty with the Russian Empire that had advanced into Siberia.
- 宝暦4年(1754年)から5年(1755年)にかけて、薩摩藩は美濃国木曽三川の治水工事を命ぜられたが、幕府側による再三の工事変更命令、地元名士の非協力などに苦しめられ、完成までに切腹51名、病死33名を出し、総指揮者の家老平田靱負も全責任を負って自決するという悲劇を生んだ(宝暦治水事件)。
- From 1754 to 1755 the Satsuma Domain was ordered to do flood prevention works of Kiso-sansen (Kiso Three Rivers) in Mino Province, but the bakufu changed the order repeatedly and the Satsuma Domain suffered from no cooperation of the local prominent figures, and until the completion the fifty-one committed Seppuku and the thirty-three died of sickness and the chief retainer and general manager, Yukie HIRATA tragically committed suicide to take his responsibility (the Horeki flood control Incident).
- 8日、開戦に積極的で無かったとされる慶喜は大坂城におり、旧幕府軍の敗戦が決定的となり、7日には慶喜に対して追討令が出た報を聞くと、その夜僅かな側近及び老中・板倉勝静、同・酒井忠惇、会津藩主・松平容保・桑名藩主・松平定敬と共に密かに城を脱し、大阪湾に停泊中の幕府軍艦・開陽丸で江戸に退却した。
- Yoshinobu, who is said to have not actively supported starting a war, stayed at Osaka Castle when the defeat of the former Shogunate forces was imminent and he was informed of the issuing of the punitive order against him on February 7; that night Yoshinobu secretly escaped from the castle and retreated to Edo on the Shogunate warship Kaiyo Maru on February 8, which had been anchored at Osaka Bay, along with a few of his close aides as well as Katsukiyo ITAKURA (a senior councilor), Tadato SAKAI (a senior councilor), Katamori MATSUDAIRA (the lord of the Aizu domain) and Sadaki MATSUDAIRA (the lord of the Kuwana domain).
- これは鈕の下部及び側面に紐で長期間吊るされた事による「擦れ」と考えられる痕跡や、内部の突帯に舌が当たった為にできたと思われる凹みの形での損傷が確認される銅鐸があるためであり、梵鐘のように胴体部の外面を叩く事でできたと考えられる痕跡のある物はないため、そのように鳴らしたような再現図は誤りである。
- This can be guessed because some dotaku have marks of 'abrasion'on lower and side areas of the crown due to prolonged use for hanging a string, or marks of damage (dent) on the inside raised-area due to contact of the tongue, and therefore, a reproduced image of dotaku where they are rung by hitting the outer surface of the body like Buddhist temple bells is wrong because no such marks are found.
- これにより旧幕府では薩摩打倒の機運が高まり、「薩摩の不法行為を誅する」とした上奏表(討薩表)を携え、京都を兵力で抑えるべく、旧幕府側の幕府歩兵隊、会津藩兵、桑名藩兵などが大阪から進軍し、薩摩藩・長州藩の軍勢と慶応4年1月3日 (旧暦)(1868年1月27日)、京都南郊外の鳥羽と伏見で衝突した。
- This incident gathered momentum among the former Shogunate to fight against the Satsuma Domain; with the statement to the Emperor declaring that they would avenge Satsuma's wrongs (to-satsu-hyo), the Shogunate infantry of the former Shogunate and warriors of the Aizu and Kuwana Domains advanced from Osaka to pacify Kyoto and they clashed with the forces of the Satsuma and Choshu Domains in Toba and Fushimi on the outskirts of southern Kyoto on January 27, 1868.
- やがて、1924年に成立した清浦内閣は研究会を中心とした総理大臣(前枢密院議長)と外務大臣(外交官)・陸海軍大臣(共に現役武官)以外を全て貴族院議員が占めるという文字通りの超然内閣を樹立させた(ただし、この内閣が間近に控えた総選挙の実施のための選挙管理内閣としての側面があった事に留意する必要がある)。
- Then, the Kiyoura administration established in 1924, formed a transcendentalist administration in which the Kizokuin members occupied the government except for the Prime Minister (former chairman of the Privy Council), the Minister of Foreign Affairs (diplomat), the Minister of the Army, and the Minister of the Navy (military officers at that time) (It should be noted that the lower-house general election was close and the government was therefore also acting as an election administrator).
- 学術的にはほとんど取り上げられていないものの、陰謀史観の一つとして、本来は吉良上野介の側を陥れるはずだった陰謀に浅野内匠頭が利用されたとの説、桂昌院の従一位叙任を阻止しようとした御台所鷹司信子の陰謀説、幕府の役人と結びついた塩商人が赤穂の塩を狙い、赤穂藩を潰して天領にし儲けを得ようとしたという説もある。
- Although they are hardly picked up in academic settings, some of the conspiratorial views of history include Asano Takumi no Kami being used to trap Kira Kozuke no Suke, the wife of a Shogun Nobuko TAKATSUYA trying to stop Keishoin from receiving Juichii (Junior First Rank), a salt merchant working with a bakufu official to eliminate the Ako Domain and turn it into bakufu land in order to gain profit by selling salt in Ako.
- さてその「サブラフ」の連用形から平安時代に「サブラヒ」という名詞が生まれたわけであるが、その原義は「主君の側近くで面倒を見ること、またその人」で、後に朝廷に仕える官人でありながら同時に上級貴族に伺候した中下級の技能官人層を指すようになり、そこからそうした技能官人の一角を構成した「武士」を指すようになった。
- The conjunctive form of 'saburafu' became 'saburahi' in the Heian period, and while this originally meant 'a person who is on hand to take care of and serve his/her lord' (or the act of doing so), it later came to mean ginou kanjin of low to middle rank who served upper class aristocrats at the Imperial Court, before finally coming to indicate only one type of ginou kanjin: the 'bushi.'
- このボーリング結果(ボーリング記録とサンプルより)と、湖底の地層構造を衝撃波により調査したこれまでの学術調査結果(植村善博:「比較変動地形論 古今書院、及び、 URBAN KUBOTA NO.37/11)から推定される湖底の岩盤深さとが一致するので比良湖岸断層は、この掘削地点より山側にあると推定されます。
- As the result of this boring (from records of boring and samples) coincides with the depth of base rock at the bottom of lake inferred from the result of scientific investigation of strata architecture at the bottom of lake with shock wave ('Hikaku Hendo Chikeiron' written by Yoshihiro UEMURA, Kokon Shoin publisher, and URBAN KUBOTA NO. 37/11), it is inferred that the Hira-ko lakeshore fault exists on the mountain side from this drilling point.
- 大宰府の少弐資能(武藤資能)は蒙古国書(日本側では牒状と記録)と高麗王書状を受け取り、鎌倉幕府へ送達する(しかし、日本側からの返牒の気配がなかったためか、太宰府来着から七ヶ月後に潘阜は高麗へ帰還しており、高麗は同年10月には潘阜の遣使が不首尾に終わった旨を元朝宮廷側に潘阜ら自らが赴くなどして報告している)。
- Sukeyoshi SHONI (Sukeyoshi MUTO) of Dazai-fu received the letter from the Mongol Empire (letter and records according to Japanese materials) and the one from the king of Goryeo, and sent them to Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) (however, Hanpu returned to Goryeo seven months after his arrival at Dazai-fu, possibly because Japan showed no intention to reply, and in October of the same year, Goryeo reported to the Yuan imperial court, by envoy Hanpu himself visiting there, that he had gained no fruit).
- 明朝側としても倭寇を取り締まる能力のある日本の支配者との通交の必要はあったものの、儒教復興が叫ばれていた当時、足利氏が日本の君主ではなく「持明」(持明院統の天皇の事。明朝は「持明」を「良懐」(懐良親王)と日本の王位を争っている人物名と解釈していた)の臣下の「将軍」にすぎないことを理由に、通交を拒否していた。
- The Ming Dynasty also needed to have relations with the ruler of Japan, who was able to crack down on Japanese pirates, but they rejected the offer of trade with regard to the domestic opinion for the restoration of Confucianism, on the grounds that the Ashikaga clan was not the ruler of Japan but only a 'shogun,' or the vassal of the party of Jimyoin, who was considered by the Ming Dynasty as the name of the political opponent of 'Ryokai' (Imperial Prince Kanenaga) over the succession of the imperial throne.
- だが、それも天正17年5月27日_(旧暦)(1589年7月9日) に秀吉の側室淀殿が豊臣鶴松を生んだ事で白紙とされ、この年の12月29日_(旧暦)(1590年2月3日)、親王宣下を受けて「八条宮智仁親王」と名乗った六宮に八条宮家を創設させた事で、秀吉は天皇に対して鶴松を自分の次の関白にする事を納得させたのである。
- However, Hideyoshi's concubine, Yodo-dono gave birth to his child, Tsurumatsu TOYOTOMI, on July 9, 1589, and therefore his plan was dropped; on February 3, 1590, Hideyoshi helped Rokunomiya (the Emperor's sixth child), who had received the Imperial edict to award him the title of Shino (Imperial Prince) and had called himself 'Imperial Prince Toshihito HACHIJONOMIYA,' establish the Hachijonomiya family, which made it possible for Hideyoshi to have the Emperor accept that Tsurumatsu would assume Kanpaku after him.
- 義朝側の戦力は、三条殿襲撃に参加した源重成・源光基・源季実、信西を追捕した源光保などの同盟軍、子息の義平・源朝長・頼朝、叔父・源義隆、信濃源氏・平賀義信などの一族、鎌田正家・後藤実基・佐々木秀義などの郎等により形成され、義朝の勢力基盤である関東からは、三浦義澄・上総介広常・山内首藤氏などが参戦したに過ぎなかった。
- The warriors fighting on Yoshitomo's side included MINAMOTO no Shigenari, MINAMOTO no Mitsumoto, and MINAMOTO no Hidezane, all of whom had taken part in the raid on the Sanjo Palace, and MINAMOTO no Mitsuyasu and others who had tracked down and captured Shinzei, as well as Yoshitomo's sons Yoshihira, Tomonaga, and Yoritomo and his uncle MINAMOTO no Yoshitaka and Yoshinobu HIRAGA and others of the Shinano branch of the Minamoto clan, and his army took shape around his retainers, including Masaie KAMATA, Sanemoto GOTO, and Hideyoshi SASAKI; yet from the Kanto, the source of Yoshitomo's power, only a handful, including Yoshizumi MIURA, Hidetsune KAZUSANOSUKE (TAIRA no Hidetsune), and some warriors of the Yamanouchi-Sudo clan were present to fight with him.
- 渡良瀬川から農業用水を取水していた中流右岸の待矢場両堰普通水利組合(現在の待矢場両堰土地改良区。主に群馬県山田郡、邑楽郡の町村に用水を供給していた)と三栗谷用水普通水利組合(現在の三栗谷用水土地改良区、主に足利郡右岸に用水を供給)は、古河側と永久示談を行わず、期限つきの示談交渉を数度に渡り延長する方式をとっていた。
- The unions of the areas which had drawn water for fields from Watarase-gawa River on the right of the midstream, including the Common Water Supply Union of Machi-Yaba Ryozeki (present Machi-Yaba Twin Weir System Land Improvement District which had supplied water mainly to Yamada County and Oura County in Gunma Prefecture), and the Common Water Supply Union of Mikuriya Yosui (present Mikuriya Water Land Improvement District), did not make a final composition (with the condition that they should abandon every right to demand or negotiate after the composition in exchange for some money) with the Furukawa side, and instead of that, they made the composition with the term of validity and the renewal of the composition several times.
- 『鉄炮記』には「天文 (元号)癸卯」(1543年)と記されているが、一方でポルトガル側の史料には鉄砲の伝来を記さないものや、イエズス会の『日本教会史』には1542年(天文11年)の出来事、フェルナン・メンデス・ピントの『東洋遍歴記』には1545年(天文14年)の出来事であると記されているなど年代には諸説が存在する。
- While 'Teppoki' records firearms that were introduced into Japan in 1543, several theories about the date exist including some materials from the Portuguese side do not even cover the event and 'Nihon Kyokai Shi' (História Da Igreja Do Japão) compiled by the Society of Jesus mentions that it was in 1542 and the 'Toyo Henreki Ki' (Peregrinacao) by Fernão Mendes Pinto states that it was in 1545.
- 戦況は信雄・家康連合に優位であったものの、信雄が領国としていた伊勢伊賀を秀吉に占領され講和要求に屈したため、合戦の大義を失った家康は家臣内の分裂や石川数正の秀吉側への出奔、秀吉直々の懐柔もあり、天正14年(1586年)10月27日大坂城で秀吉と謁見することで清洲同盟以来の臣従関係を秀吉に対しあらためることとなった。
- While the allied force of Nobuo and Ieyasu was superior in the battle, Nobuo whose territory of Ise and Iga Provinces were occupied by Hideyoshi succumbed to the condition of peace, then Ieyasu losing the cause of the battle had an audience with Hideyoshi at Osaka-jo Castle on December 7, 1586 to show Hideyoshi their subordinate-superior relationship since Kiyosu Alliance, under several situations including the division between Ieyasu's vassals, Kazumasa ISHIKAWA changing side of Hideyoshi, and conciliation by Hideyoshi himself.
- しかし、九州平定後、博多箱崎に滞在していた1587年7月24日(天正15年6月19日 (旧暦))に同地に滞在していたポルトガル側通商責任者(カピタン・モール)ドミンゴス・モンテイロおよび当時のイエズス会日本地区の責任者であったコエリョに対して宣教師の退去と貿易の自由を宣告する文書を手渡してキリスト教宣教の制限を表明した。
- However, after suppression in Kyushu, he announced restrictions on the Christian mission while staying in Hakata Hakozaki in July 24, 1587 and handed over a statement to expel the missionaries and have freedom of trade to Domingos Monteiro (Capitão-mór) in charge of commerce from the Portugal side who stayed there and to Coelho in charge of the Japan division in the Society of Jesus of that time.
- だが、1883年頃から政府の圧力が強まり、加えて自由党の板垣退助の洋行問題を巡る疑惑追及を行うと、逆に自由党側からも前島や尾崎・犬養と関係が強く同党の機関紙となっていた郵便報知新聞などが政府の資金を受けているとの疑惑が出されて 岩崎弥太郎を海坊主になぞらえた「海坊主退治」キャンペーンが繰り広げられたことから、泥仕合となった。
- Around 1883, as the pressure from the government increased, the party looked into the alleged problems of the Liberal party concerning Taisuke ITAGAKI's going abroad, but instead encountered a backlash from the Liberal party to fling mud at each other, with a scandal that insisted Yubin Hochi Shinbun newspaper, the party's official publication, having a strong relationship with Maejima, Ozaki and Inukai, was financed by the government, through a campaign of to denounce 'monstrous' Yataro IWASAKI.
- 一方で政府と軍の各部署の間の有機的な連係が藩閥によって形成されていたという側面もあり、昭和に入り試験や育成機関から採用された官僚や軍人が部署の実権を掌握するようになると縦割り的弊害が甚だしくなり国家の方針が定まらず迷走することになり、藩閥の消滅による緊張感の低下が政党の腐敗を招き、官僚や軍部に迎合するようになったと見る説もある。
- On the other hand, an organic tie between the government and departments of the Army was formed by the domain clique, so there is a view that when bureaucrats and military men who were employed through examinations and training institutions in the Showa period held actual power of their departments, red tape swelled causing the national policy to keep straying unsettled and decreased sense of tension without domain clique brought corruption of the political parties and made them pander to bureaucrats and the military.
- 1469年(文明元年)になると、大内氏の重臣で文武両道の名将として知られた益田兼堯が石見国で離反、九州の大友親繁・少弐政資とともに大内教幸を擁して西軍方の大内領に侵攻、この動きは鎮圧されたものの、1471年(文明3年)には守護代でありながら西軍の主力となっていた朝倉孝景が義政自らの越前守護職補任をうけて東軍側に寝返ったのである。
- By 1469, Kanetaka MASUDA, a high-ranking vassal of the Ouchi family and known as a general distinguished in both literary and military arts, severed from his lord in Iwami Province and, joining hands with Chikashige OTOMO and Masasuke SHONI in Kyushu, invaded Ouchi's territory on the Western side under the banner of Noriyuki OUCHI; though this action was subdued, in 1471 Takakage ASAKURA who, in spite of his status as shugodai (deputy shugo), had led the main force of the Western camp, was personally appointed by Yoshimasa to the position of shugo of Echizen and went over to the Eastern side.
- このため、安政5年(1858年)の日米修好通商条約締結の際、約8.6グラムの質量を持つ一分銀は偶然にも質量としての一両の約1/4であることから額面通り銀1/4両であり、中国の銀一両の約3/4の質量である1ドル銀貨=一分銀3枚という日本側に不利な交換比率を主張する口実をタウンゼント・ハリスに与えることになり、小判流出の一因となった。
- When the Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the United States and Japan was concluded in 1858, the fact that about 8.6-gram ichibu-gin was coincidentally equivalent to around one fourth ryo in weight, which was worth of one fourth ryo of silver at face value, provided Townsend Harris with the excuse of insisting unfavorable exchange rate for Japan that three ichibu-gin coins changed one-dollar silver coin which was about three fourth weight of Chinese one ryo of silver and led koban flow out.
- この事件における外国人側被害に対して処罰が重すぎるのではないかとの声もあり、また、日本側としては滝の行為は、少なくとも「供割」への対処は武士として当然のものでもあったが、列強の強い要求の前に抗うことが出来ず、伊藤や五代才助(後の五代友厚)を通じた伊達宗城の期限ギリギリまでの助命嘆願もフランスのレオン・ロッシュをはじめとする公使投票の前に否決される。
- There were some opinions that the punishment for injuring foreigners was too severe, and from the Japanese viewpoint the act of TAKI was quite natural for a samurai, at least as a reaction to 'Tomowari,'but it was difficult to resist the strong demand of the powerful countries and the plea for saving TAKI made by Munenari DATE through ITO and Saisuke GODAI (later Tomoatsu GODAI) to the last minute of the deadline was rejected by the voting of Leon ROCHES of France and other minister-counselors'.
- これは、ロシア側へいかなる弱みともなることをも秘密にしようとした日本政府の政策に加え、新聞以下マスコミ各社が日清戦争を引き合いに出して戦争に対する国民期待を否応なしに煽ったために修正がきかなくなっていたこともあり、国民の多くは戦争をしている国力の実情を知らされず、目先の勝利によってロシアが簡単に屈服させられたように錯覚した反動から来ているものである。
- The discrepancy between popular sentiment and government policy is due to the fact that the Japanese Government adopted a stringent policy of secrecy to keep any information that could reveal national weaknesses from falling into Russian hands; The media including newspapers used the example of the Japanese victory in the Sino-Japanese War to fan the flames of war without regard to national sentiment, and inadvertantly built up jingoistic mood which could not be easily reversed; and finally, the majority of citizens were not aware of the true nature of Japan's national strength and erroneously believed that Japan easily defeated Russia in battle.
- 続いて慶長5年(1600年)の関ヶ原の戦いで勝利すると、家康は織田政権時代の天正10年(1581年)に関白左大臣を辞任した九条兼孝を豊臣政権側の反対を押し切って20年ぶりに還任させたものの、その後も家康が菊亭晴季に代わって右大臣となれば秀頼が内大臣となってそのまま関白に就任するだろうという風説が度々流された(慶長7年(1602年)、毛利輝元あて繁沢元氏書簡)。
- Against the opposition of the Toyotomi administration, Ieyasu then reinstated Kanetaka KUJO for the first time in twenty years, who had resigned from Kanpaku and Sadaijin in 1581 during the Oda administration, when he won in the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600; afterwards, however, it was often rumored that Hideyori would assume the position of Naidaijin and then automatically Kanpaku when Ieyasu took over the position of Udaijin from Harusue KIKUTEI (from Motouji SHIGESAWA's letter to Terumoto MORI in 1602).
- 『法曹至要抄』によれば、養老律令詐偽律の解釈を巡る明法家の先例の学説として「太上天皇宣」の偽造は詔書と同一の罪に当たるとする説を挙げており早くから知られていた可能性があるが、院宣に関する記録の初見は延長 (日本)7年(927年)の宇多天皇が伊勢神宮に宣旨を下されたことを受けて神宮側がその指示を神郡に向けて発した「延長七年大神宮勘注」(『大日本史料』一之六)である。
- According to 'Hososhiyo-sho', when the Myobo-ke (judicial officials) interpreted Yororitsuryo Sagi-ritsu (punitive clause regarding fabrication of official documents and government properties under the Yororitsuryo code) earlier, it was described that the fabrication of the Daijo Tenno Zen (a decree by the Retired Emperor) is a crime comparable to the fabrication of the Shosho (an imperial decree), which shows that the concept of inzen could have been in use early in the history. Nonetheless, the first record which mentions the term inzen is 'Encho Shichi-nen Daijingu Kanchu', taken from 'Dai Nihon Shiryo' (the Historical Materials of Japan) Vol.1, no.6, which was a document that, upon receipt of an imperial decree from Emperor Uda in 927, Ise-jingu Shrine issued as the Emperor Uda's instructions to Shingun (a district designated as a sanctuary which enjoyed certain privileges under an Imperial charter).
- 従来の学説では院庁において実際の政務が執られたとされていたが、鈴木茂男が当時の院庁発給文書に国政に関する内容が認められないことを主張し、橋本義彦がこれを受けて院庁政治論を痛烈に批判したため近年では、非公式の私文書としての側面のある院宣を用いて朝廷に圧力をかけ、院独自の側近を院の近臣として太政官内に送り込むことによって事実上の指揮を執ったとする見解が有力となっている。
- Earlier theories asserted that political affairs were in fact conducted at Incho, but Shigeo SUZUKI asserted that no details regarding national government could be seen in the documents issued by Incho at that time, and Yoshihiko HASHIMOTO, based on this fact, strongly criticized the view that political affairs were conducted at Incho; consequently, in recent years it has become the prevalent view that the In put pressure on the Imperial Court by using inzen, which had the aspect of a non-official document, and that by placing his aides in positions of general council of state he took virtual control of the government.
- 結局、定子と彰子の2人を同時に皇后としていた一条の先例にならい、娍子と妍子を揃って皇后とすることになったが、道長の強大な勢威と三条の権力基盤の弱さを反映して、まず妍子を立后させ、その後に娍子を立后させることになっただけでなく、妍子の立后の儀式には多くの貴族たちが積極的に協力したのに対し、娍子の立后の儀式には道長の妨害もあって貴族たちのサボタージュが続出し、三条やその側近たちを憤激させた。
- In the end, taking the past case where Ichijo had both Teishi and Shoshi as Empress, Seishi and Kenshi were both to become Empress, but reflecting the all mighty authority of Michinaga and the weak power base of Sanjo, not only was Kenshi was first to become Empress and then Seishi, but although many aristocrats cooperated actively for the ceremony for the making of Kenshi as Empress, Seishi's ceremony was met with sabotage by Michinaga and not attended by many aristocrats, angering Sanjo and his aides.
- 大相撲力士のKONISHIKI、プロ野球選手のボブ・ホーナー、グラビアアイドルのリア・ディゾン、演歌歌手のジェロのようにアメリカから来日して日本でブームを巻き起こした人物や、日本市場に参入する外国企業、iPhoneのような海外からの新たな商品なども、安定していた業界を席巻し、また業界の秩序自体にも不可逆の変化をもたらし、時には日本側の強い抵抗を引き起こすことなどから、それぞれの業界の黒船と呼ばれることがある。
- The term 'Kuro-bune (black ship)' is also used for people who come from abroad and create news and/or start a new fad (such as sumo wrestler KONISHIKI, professional baseball player Bob HORNER, centerfold model Leah DIZON, and enka singer JERO), a foreign business that makes a break in the Japanese business market, new products that are brought to Japan from other countries (such as the iPhone), or anything that takes a stable market by storm, bring irreversible changes to a particular market and that at times may receive strong oppositiion from within Japan.
- ところが、清浦と同じく山県側近であった平田東助の茶話会(幸倶楽部とも)との主導権争いが始まり、内部では清浦によって形成された他会派にはない「決議拘束主義」と呼ばれる絶対的な会派拘束(会の決議には全員従う事・会の決議なくして研究会以外の議員提出の法案・決議などに賛成してはならない事、これらに反したものは除名する事)に対する反発より千家尊福派(主として男爵議員)の離脱(1898年)、創設メンバーである堀田正養の第1次西園寺内閣(政友会)への入閣と除名騒動とこれに反発した議員の脱会(1909年)などが発生した。
- However, Kenkyukai faced problems one after another: the leadership struggle with Sawakai led by Tosuke HIRATA, another aide to YAMAGATA; withdrawal from the faction by the group led by Takatomi SENGE (in 1898) because of the opposition to the policy of absolute adhesion to the faction decision called 'Ketsugi kosoku shugi' under which all members had to follow the faction decision and were not allowed to support bills proposed by non-kenkyukai members without resolution by the faction, and those who broke the rules were expelled from the faction; and the stifle over the expulsion of a founding member, Masayasu Hotta after his entry into the first SAIONJI Cabinet (Seiyu-kai Party) followed by the withdrawal from the faction by members who opposed to the expulsion (in 1909).
- この追放令が出た背景には諸説あり、秀吉が有馬の女性を連れてくるように命令した際にキリシタンであることを理由に住民が拒否し秀吉が激怒したとも、九州征伐に向かった秀吉の目の前で、当時の日本イエズス会準管区長でもあったコエリョがスペイン艦隊が自分の指揮下にあるごとく誇示した事が原因とも、九州の有馬氏や大村氏などのキリシタン大名が寺社仏閣を破壊すると同時に、僧侶にも迫害を加えたり教会へ莫大な寄進を行っていた事が理由とも、また織田信長から継承した旧来の寺社領を解体して統一政権の支配下におく政策をイエズス会領である長崎にも適用しようとしてイエズス会側が従わなかったとも、宣教師の一部が人身売買(日本人を奴隷商品として国外へ売り払う)を行っていた事が原因とも言われている。
- There are various theories about the issuing of this Expelling edict and the cause could be that Hideyoshi was furious at the residents rejecting his order to bring a woman of Arima because she was Christian, that Coelho, Vice-Provincial of the Society of Jesus in Japan at that time boasted as if the Spanish Armada was under his command in front of Hideyoshi during the expedition to Kyusyu, that the Christian feudal lords such as ARIMA and OMURA in Kyushu destroyed shrines and temples as well as persecuted monks and made huge donations to the churches, and that the Society of Jesus did not obey when he tried to apply the policy to Nagasaki, the domain of the Society, they dissolved the old domains of temples and shrines inherited from Nobunaga ODA and place them under a unified regime, and that some of the missionaries conducted human trafficking (selling the Japanese to outside Japan as slaves).