侍: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 侍
- warrior (esp. of military retainers of daimyos in the Edo period)
- samurai
- man in attendance (on a person of high standing)
- Tsukou
- Hito
- waiter
- wait upon
- serve
- 芋侍
- rustic (boorish) samurai
- 内侍
- maid of honor
- maid of honour
- Naiji
- Naishi
- 鮒侍
- cowardly, good-for-nothing samurai from the countryside
- 陪侍
- retainer
- attending on the nobility
- 奉侍
- serving
- attending on someone
- 夾侍
- flanking attendant to the main deity of veneration in a temple
- 脇侍
- flanking attendant to the main deity of veneration in a temple
- 徒侍
- humble samurai who served as a body guard on foot
- 典侍
- maid of honor
- maid of honour
- lady-in-waiting
- Naishi no suke (a court lady of the first rank)
- 侍蟻
- Polyergus samurai (species of amazon ant)
- 侍史
- private secretary
- respectfully
- 挟侍
- flanking attendant to the main deity of veneration in a temple
- 犬侍
- cowardly or depraved samurai
- 近侍
- attendant
- attendance upon another
- valet
- 侍者
- attendant
- valet
- altar boy
- acolyte
- 地侍
- provincial samurai in the middle ages, who engaged in agriculture in peacetime
- Ji-zamurai
- 侍立
- assisting (a dignitary)
- 侍読
- imperial tutor
- Jidoku (imperial tutor)
- 侍従
- chamberlain
- yeoman
- Jiju (chamberlain)
- He became a jiju (a chamberlain).
- 侍女
- lady attendant
- maid
- soubrette
- Handmaiden
- Lady's maid
- 侍所
- Board of Retainers
- Kamakura- and Muromachi-period government office
- samurai guard house (Heian and Kamakura periods)
- Samurai-dokoro
- Samuraidokoro
- 朝侍
- Asasamurai
- Asashi
- Asaji
- 掌侍。
- She was Naishi no jo (a woman officer who carried the Emperor's sword when he went out).
- 侍らす
- to wait upon
- to serve
- 侍する
- to wait upon
- to serve
- 侍八騎
- eight mounted warriors
- eight samurai on horseback
- 侍従職
- board of chamberlains
- 侍浜駅
- Samuraihama Station (st)
- 羽柴侍従
- Hashiba Jiju (Hashiba the Chamberlain)
- 大崎侍従
- Osaki Jiju (the Chamberlain of Osaki)
- 侍所別当
- Samurai-dokoro Betto (the superior of the Board of Retainers)
- 侍烏帽子
- Samurai eboshi (folded and black lacquered eboshi)
- 西向く侍
- mnemonic for remembering the months with fewer than 31 days (ni, shi, mu, ku, etc.)
- 侍従武官
- emperor's aide-de-camp
- Aide-de-camp to the Emperor of Japan
- 小林稔侍
- Kobayashi Nenji (h) (1943.2.7-)
- 七人の侍
- Seven Samurai (film by Akira Kurosawa)
- 周防内侍
- Suounonaishi
- Suo no Naishi
- 長府東侍
- Choufuhigashisamurai
- 中井侍駅
- Nakaisamurai Station (st)
- 東宮侍従
- Chamberlains to the Crown Prince
- 侍従を辞任
- Resigned from the position of Jiju.
- 侍従兼任。
- Served concurrently as a grand chamberlain (jiju).
- He additionally served as jiju.
- He was also simultaneously appointed Grand Chamberlain.
- 侍従如元。
- Continued as Jiju.
- He remained in his post as Chamberlain.
- He remained in his posts as Chamberlain.
- He remained in the position of chamberlain.
- He retained his position as chamberlain.
- He remained in the position of jiju (chamberlain).
- 下侍塚古墳
- Shimozamuraiduka Tumulus
- 朧月夜尚侍
- Oborodzukiyononaishinokami
- 上侍塚古墳
- Kamisamuraiduka Tumulus
- 小式部内侍
- Koshikibunonaishi
- Koshikibu no Naishi
- 長府東侍町
- Choufuhigashisamuraimachi
- 侍従に任官。
- He was appointed a jiju (a chamberlain).
- 羽柴伊達侍従
- Hashiba Date Jiju (Hashiba Date the Chamberlain)
- 羽柴陸奥侍従
- Hashiba Mutsu Jiju (Hashiba the Chamberlain and the Governor of Mutsu Province)
- 羽柴長井侍従
- Hashiba Nagai Jiju (Hashiba Nagai the Chamberlain)
- 羽柴大崎侍従
- Hashiba Osaki Jiju (Hashiba the Chamberlain of Osaki)
- 讃岐典侍日記
- The Diary of Sanukinosuke
- 中務内侍日記
- Nakatsukasa no Naishi Nikki (The Dairy of Nakatsukasa no Naishi)
- 曼殊院門跡侍
- Samurai in Manshuin Temple Monzeki.
- 北多久町小侍
- Kitatakumachikosamurai
- 遠侍及び車寄
- Retainer's Rooms and Carriage Porch
- 陸奥国、侍従。
- He was one of the palace staff in the Mutsu Province.
- 元服、侍従任官
- Genpuku (celebration of a boy's coming of age) and Jijuninkan (chamberlain appointment)
- 3月 中務侍従
- April: Jiju (a chamberlain) of Ministry of Central Affairs
- 小式部内侍の歌
- Poems composed by Koshikibu no Naishi
- 侍従元の如し。
- His position as jiju (Chamberlain) remained unchanged.
- 伏見院中務内侍
- Fushimiinnonakatsukasanonaishi
- 侍大将ともいう。
- Also called samurai taisho.
- 侍従、右衛門督。
- He was a jiju (chamberlain) and Uemon no kami (Captain of the Right Division of Outer Palace Guards).
- - 従四位侍従。
- Jushijiju (Junior Fourth-Rank Chamberlain)
- 布都姫の老侍女。
- She was an elderly waiting woman for Futohime.
- 1177年、侍従。
- In 1177, he became a Jiju (chamberlain).
- 12月4日侍従兼任
- December 4: Appointed to the position of Jiju (chamberlain), held concurrently with his other positions.
- 侍従・備前介如元。
- He remained in his posts as Chamberlain and Bizen no suke (governor of Bizen Province).
- 左:本院侍従(持)
- Left: Honin no Jiju (draw)
- 母は典侍中山親子。
- His mother was lady-in-waiting Chikako NAKAYAMA.
- 内侍司従二位に至る。
- Promoted to Junii (junior second rank) of Naishi no tsukasa (female palace attendants).
- いわゆる地侍である。
- They were so-called jizamurai.
- 地侍の主筋を含む場合
- Those including the lords of manors of Jizamurai
- 小式部内侍による和歌
- A waka by Koshikibu no Naishi:
- 侍従隆祐(藤原隆祐)
- Chamberlain Takasuke (FUJIWARA no Takasuke)
- 平家の家人、侍大将。
- He was Kenin (retainer) and Samurai-Daisho of the Taira family.
- 曼殊院門跡諸大夫・侍
- Shodaibu (one who was granted Fourth or Fifth rank in Imperial Court) and Samurai in Manshuin Temple Monzeki
- 河井弥八:侍従次長。
- Yahachi KAWAI: He was the Deputy Grand Chamberlain.
- 地侍など兵農未分離の層
- The Class that Served as Farmers and Samurai such as jizamurai (local samurai)
- 8月8日、侍従に任官。
- September 29: He was appointed Grand Chamberlain.
- 皇太后宮大夫兼侍従次長
- He assumed the master of the Empress Dowager's Household and the Deputy Grand Chamberlain.
- 内侍省は宦官たちである。
- Then, a Naishi Sho (内侍省) was occupied by the eunuches.
- 侍医(正六位下相当)四名
- Four court physicians (same rank as Shorokuinoge [Senior Sixth Rank, Lower Grade])
- 6月19日、侍従を兼任。
- On the 19th day of the sixth month, he was also appointed jiju, or chamberlain.
- 4月26日、侍従に任官。
- On April 26, he was assigned as a Jiju (chamberlain).
- 2月28日、侍従に任官。
- On February 28, he was appointed as Chamberlain.
- 官位は左近衛中将、侍従。
- Akikuni held two official positions, Sakone no chujo (Middle Captain of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards) and jiju (Chamberlain).
- 越中守、侍従、丹後宰相。
- Governor of Echu Province, Chamberlain, Prime Minister of Tango Province.
- 子に蒲生秀行 (侍従)。
- As a child Hideyuki GAMO was a 'Jiju' (Chamberlain).
- 3月28日、侍従を辞任。
- On April 23, he stepped down from the position of chamberlain.
- 5月15日、侍従に任官。
- May 15: Assigned as Jiju (a Chamberlain).
- 広幡忠朝は侍従を務めた。
- Tadatomo HIROHATA served as Jiju (Chamberlain).
- 2005年から侍従次長。
- He became the Deputy Grand Chamberlain in 2005.
- 豊臣政権下では四品・侍従。
- Under Toyotomi's government: Shihon/Jiju (Imperial Household Agency staff).
- 説(5):敦慶親王侍女大和
- Theory (5): The author was a nyobo Yamato, a waiting woman of the Imperial Prince Atsuyoshi.
- ・蔵人・少納言・侍従如元。
- He remained in the positions of Kurodo, Shonagon and Jiju.
- 12月15日 侍従を兼任。
- January 18, 895 (December 15, 894 in old lunar calendar): He was additionally appointed to Jiju (Chamberlain).
- 家集に「馬内侍集」がある。
- She privately compiled 'Uma no naishi shu.'
- 兵部大輔、侍従、二位法印。
- His court ranks were Hyobu Dayu, Jiju, and Nii Hoin.
- 小式部内侍 - 道貞の娘。
- Koshikibu no Naishi: Michisada's daughter.
- 周防内侍集(藤原俊成筆)1帖
- One section of the Suo no naishi anthology, written by FUJIWARA no Toshinari.
- また侍所所司赤松満祐も出兵。
- Samurai-dokoro shoshi (Governor of the Board of Retainers) Mitsusuke AKAMATSU also dispatched troops.
- 治暦5年(1069年) 侍従
- 1069 - Jiju (Chamberlain)
- そのもとで湯薬侍者を務めた。
- Chushin served as Toyakujisha (the person in charge of meals) under Dairin Zeniku.
- 「私は相撲取ではなく侍だ。」
- 'I am a samurai and not a sumo wrestler.'
- 侍戦隊シンケンジャーの登場人物
- Shinkengers
- 初名は乙侍従(おとじじゅう)。
- Her name given for the first time was Otojiju.
- 久我家・広幡家(諸大夫及び侍)
- The Koga family and the Hirohata family (Shodaibu [fifth and fourth rank officials] and samurai [warriors])
- 近衛家・九条家(諸大夫及び侍)
- The Konoe family and the Kujo family (Shodaibu [fifth and fourth rank officials] and samurai [warriors])
- 春日中将、春日侍従と称された。
- He was called 'Middle Captain Kasuga' and 'Jiju Kasuga.'
- 家集には『周防内侍集』がある。
- She has her own Kashu (collection of poems), 'Suo no Naishi Anthology'.
- 1440年には侍所頭人となる。
- In 1440 he became the Samurai-dokoro Tonin, Head of the Board of Retainers.
- 母は藤典侍で、落葉の宮の養女。
- Her mother was To no Naishinosuke, and she became an adopted daughter of Ochiba no Miya.
- 尚侍(内裏の君)…髭黒の三女。
- Naishi no Kami (Principal Handmaid) (Dairi no Kimi) --- the third daughter of Higekuro.
- 侍従長・首相鈴木貫太郎の長男。
- He was the eldest son of Kantaro SUZUKI, who served as the Grand Chamberlain and also became the Prime Minister.
- 典侍 唐橋局 → 伊豆新島配流
- Tenshi (maid of honor) Karahashi no Tsubone to be banished to Nii-jima Island of Izu
- 文殊菩薩及び脇侍像5体(重文)
- Statue of Monju Bosatsu (Manjusri) and five attendants statues (important cultural property)
- 尚侍(ないしのかみ)…内侍司参照
- Nishinokami: Please refer to the section of Naishi no tsukasa (female palace attendants).
- この侍は若党(わかとう)のこと。
- Samurai here refers to wakato (young warriors and retainers).
- 醍醐天皇の侍読(じとう)となる。
- He served as jidoku (also rendered 'jito'), or Imperial tutor, to Emperor Daigo.
- これを地侍(じざむらい)という。
- Such persons were called jizamurai (local samurai).
- (侍従は11月2日任官の説あり)
- (According to an alternative account, he was named Jiju on November 29).
- 3月20日 (旧暦)、侍従任官。
- April 17: He was appointed to Jiju.
- 6月18日 (旧暦):侍従に任官
- June 18 (lunar calendar): He became chamberlain.
- - 侍従に遷任し、越前国を兼任。
- He was transferred as jijyu (the Chamberlain) and he also served as the Governor of Echizen Province at the same time.
- その後、侍従を経て兵衛府となる。
- Later, he took a position in the Guard Office after serving as a chamberlain.
- 右近(うこん) : 夕顔の侍女。
- Ukon: Yugao's lady-in-waiting.
- 通り名を侍従僧正、覚洞院権僧正。
- He is commonly known as Jiju Sojo and Kakutoin Gon no Sojo.
- そこでは蔵主・焼香侍者を務めた。
- There he served as Zosu (the person in charge of Buddhist scriptures and books on theory) and Shokojisha (the person in charge of burning incense for the chief priest).
- 脇侍は文殊菩薩と普賢菩薩が多い。
- The two attendants are often Monju Bosatsu and Fugen Bosatsu.
- 田内三吉:1902年に東宮侍従。
- Sankichi TANOUCHI: He became a chamberlain to the Crown Prince in 1902.
- 典侍となり、従三位に叙せられた。
- She became Naishi no suke (a court lady of the first rank) and was conferred the rank of Jusanmi.
- 権典侍 中院局 → 伊豆新島配流
- Gon tenshi (temporary maid of honor) Nakanoin no Tsubone to be banished to Nii-jima Island of Izu
- 内侍司 水無瀬 → 伊豆新島配流
- Minase in Naishi no tsukasa (Emperor's secretary section) to be banished to Nii-jima Island of Izu
- 寛治2年(1088年) 侍従を辞す
- 1088 - Resigned as Jiju
- 947年(天暦元)、次侍従に補任。
- Subsequently appointed to the position of Jijiju (Chamberlain) in 947.
- 鎌倉幕府の御家人で、初代侍所別当。
- He was a Gokenin (a Shogunal retainer) of the Kamakura Bakufu (Shogunate) and the first Samurai-dokoro betto (the superior of the Board of Retainers).
- 侍従・式部大輔・文章博士元の如し。
- His other court appointments remained unchanged.
- 女房名は讃岐典侍(さぬきのすけ)。
- Her name as nyobo (court lady) was Sanuki no suke.
- 桐壺帝八の宮の侍女で、北の方の姪。
- She was in the service of the Eighth Prince of Emperor Kiritsubo, and she is his wife's niece.
- その左右には脇侍仏や祖師をまつる。
- Both sides of honzon are dedicated to wakiji-butsu (Buddha accompanying honzon) and soshi (the founder of relevant sect).
- 武家屋敷(侍屋敷)の街並み・社家町
- Townscapes of Buke Yashiki (Samurai Yashiki) and Shake-machi (Shake towns)
- 侍屋敷が集まったものを侍町という。
- 'Samurai-machi' was an area where many Samurai Yashiki were built.
- 8月24日には大学別当・侍読に就任。
- He became Daigaku betto (equivalent to a president of university) and Jidoku (imperial tutor) on August 24.
- 俊蔭娘は帝に見いだされ内侍司となる。
- Toshikage's daughter is recognized by the Emperor, and becomes Naishi no tsukasa (one of the female palace attendants).
- 「須磨」以降は紫の上の侍女となった。
- After the events regarding 'Suma,' they became Lady Murasaki's ladies-in-waiting.
- 代々天皇の侍読(家庭教師)を務める。
- The family served as the emperor's jidoku (Imperial tutor) (tutor) for generations.
- 極官は正二位・侍従・少納言・式部省。
- The highest positions appointed were Shonii (Senior Second Rank), jiju (chamberlain), Shonagon (lesser councilor of state) and in Shikibusho (Ministry of Ceremonies).
- 鈴木一:昭和22年4月から侍従次長。
- Hajime SUZUKI: He became the Deputy Grand Chamberlain in April 1947.
- 新大内侍司 広橋局 → 伊豆新島配流
- Hirohashi no Tsubone in Shindai naishi no tsukasa (new and superior officer of the Imperial guard department) to be banished to Nii-jima Island of Izu
- 1353年~1384年 - 侍所兼任
- 1353~1384- Samurai-dokoro took charge concurrently
- 二条家・一条家・鷹司家(諸大夫及び侍)
- The Nijo family, the Ichijo family and the Takatsukasa family (Shodaibu [fifth and fourth rank officials] and samurai [warriors])
- 永保2年(1083年) 権中納言 侍従
- 1083 - Gon Chunagon (Provisional Middle Councillor), Jiju (Chamberlain)
- 4月7日、従四位上に昇叙し、侍従如元。
- May 22: He received a higher rank, Jushiinojo (Junior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade) while retaining his position as Grand Chamberlain.
- 8月2日、従四位下に昇叙し、侍従如元。
- On August 2, he was promoted to the rank of Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade), and retained his position as chamberlain.
- 侍従如元(朔旦冬至に伴う八条院給分)。
- He remained in the position of chamberlain (bonus paid by Hachijoin due to sakutan toji [when winter solstice happens to be the first day of December, once in twenty years]).
- 木造文殊菩薩・脇侍善財童子及び優填王像
- The wooden statue of Monju Bosatsu accompanied by the statue of its followers, Zenzaidoji and Udenno
- 祖父は左大臣藤原師尹、父は侍従藤原定時。
- His grandfather was FUJIWARA no Morotada, Sadaijin (Minister of the Left), and his father was the Chamberlain, FUJIWARA no Sadatoki.
- 1305年(嘉元3年)5月6日、小侍奉行
- May 6, 1305: Kozamurai bugyo
- 家業は紀伝道で、代々天皇の侍読を務めた。
- The house business was 'Kidendo,' the study of the histories, and the family provided Imperial tutors for generations.
- Serving as historians was their family profession, and they served as Imperial tutors to the emperor for generations.
- 1945年8月から東宮大夫兼東宮侍従長。
- He was appointed to be the Lord Steward to the Imperial Prince and the Grand Chamberlain to the Crown Prince in August 1945.
- 生母は近衛府庭田重秀の女、典侍庭田秀子。
- Her real mother was Naishi no suke (a court lady of the first rank) Hideko NIWATA, a daughter of Shigehide NIWATA of Konoefu (the Headquarters of the Inner Palace Guards).
- 木造騎獅文殊菩薩及脇侍像5躯・像内納入品
- Wooden statue of Monjubosatsu riding on a lion and five statues of attendants together with nonyuhin inside the statue
- 木造阿弥陀如来及両脇侍坐像(京都・三千院)
- The wooden seated statue of Amitabha Tathagata (Amida Nyorai in Japanese) and the wooden seated statues of his two attendants flanking him on either side (Sanzenin Temple in Kyoto)
- 軍役は半農半士の土豪・地侍にも課せられた。
- The military service was also imposed on local clans and local samurai, both of which lived partly on farming and partly on a samurai warrior stipend.
- 知恩院・一乗院・大乗院(坊官・諸大夫・侍)
- The Chion-in Temple, the Ichijo-in Temple and the Daijo-in Temple (Bokan [residential retainers serving at those temples], Shodaibu [fifth and fourth rank officials] and samurai [warriors])
- 10月11日、従五位下に叙し、侍従に任官。
- November 8: He was awarded the court rank of Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) and became Jiju (chamberlain).
- 父は5代征夷大将軍徳川綱吉の侍医荻生景明。
- His father is 景明 OGYU, a court physician of the fifth Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') Tsunayoshi TOKUGAWA.
- 勢至菩薩は観音菩薩とともに阿弥陀仏の脇侍。
- Together with the Kannon Bosatsu, the Seishi Bosatsu is an attendant figure of Amida Buddha.
- 1993年(平成5年)に侍従に任じられる。
- He was appointed as a chamberlain in 1993.
- 法眼の地位にあり、征夷大将軍の侍医を務めた。
- He served as a personal physician to seii taishogun, being ranked as hogen (the second highest rank of hierarchy of physicians).
- 在江戸楽人・南都右方人・南都寺侍・断絶諸家伝
- Gakunin (musicians) of Edo, Nanto uhonin (musicians at temples in Nara, such as the Kasuga-taisha Shrine), Nanto terazamurai (warriors at temples in Nara who performed not only administrative functions but also dances and music), and the histories of families that died out
- 花山院家・大炊御門家・醍醐家(諸大夫及び侍)
- The Kazanin family, the Oinomikado family and the Daigo family (Shodaibu [fifth and fourth rank officials] and samurai [warriors])
- 942年(天慶5)12月17日、侍従に任官。
- On December 17, 942, he was assigned as Jiju (chamberlain).
- 織田信秀 (侍従)(織田信長の六男)の長男。
- Shigeharu was the eldest son of Nobuhide ODA (who was jiju (a chamberlain) and the sixth son of Nobunaga ODA.)
- 尚侍になることを望み、便所掃除までも行った。
- She desired to be a Naishi no Kami (Principal Handmaid) and even did toilet cleaning.
- 門跡に近侍する僧侶を坊官と呼ぶようになった。
- Then the monks who serve monzeki came to be called bokan.
- 取革付けぬ鞠は、今に忌中の鞠に取革付侍ぬ也。
- A ball without the attachment leather is a ball in mourning at present.
- 幕府の旗本は「侍」、御家人は「徒士」である。
- The hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) of bakufu were 'samurai' and the gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) were 'kachi.'
- それを、侍女の土御門藤子を使者として遣わした。
- Then, she sent Fujiko TSUCHIMIKADO, a lady in waiting, as her envoy to the 'expeditionary force to the east.'
- 充侍…父母の老病によってその介護を命じる場合。
- Juji (充侍)…In the case of ordering the care of someone's own parents aged or sick.
- 安政元年(1854年)に孝明天皇の侍従となる。
- In 1854, he became a jiju (chamberlain) of Emperor Komei.
- 承安4年(1174年)1月23日、侍従に任官。
- He was appointed as chamberlain on March 5, 1174.
- 家督と侍医の職を継ぎ、新大橋の中屋敷へ詰める。
- Genpaku succeeded both the reigns of the family and the family business as a court physician, and started working in the second city residence of the Domain in Shinohashi.
- 1月27日 (旧暦)(3月14日):侍従に任官
- March 14: He was assigned as a chamberlain.
- 銅造阿弥陀如来及び脇侍像 2躯 - 奈良時代。
- A bronze statue of Amida Nyorai and two kyoji, from the Nara period
- 最終上映作品は『七人の侍』『街の灯』であった。
- The last movies shown in the theater were 'Seven Samurai' and 'City Lights.'
- 鎌倉時代、神鏡を置き、内侍所(賢所)ともなる。
- During the Kamakura period, the sacred mirror was housed in this hall and it became the Naishidokoro (or Kashikodokoro; place where sacred mirror is enshrined).
- 宗派のご本尊や脇侍、名号のものや法名軸がある。
- These kakejiku are mounted paintings such as Buddhist images including 'Gohonzon' (the main object of devotion) and 'wakiji' (the objects of devotion standing on the right and left sides of the 'gohonzon') of religious schools, and words such as 'myogo' (the name of Buddha) or 'homyo' (a posthumous name).
- 松平信義(のぶよし)〔従四位下、紀伊守・侍従〕
- Nobuyoshi MATSUDAIRA [Jushiinoge Kii no kami Jiju, Governor of Kii Province and Chamberlain, (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade)]
- 井上正岑(まさみね)〔従四位下、河内守・侍従〕
- Masamine INOUE [Jushiinoge Kawachi no kami Jiju, Governor of Kawachi Province and Chamberlain, (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade)]
- 久世重之(しげゆき)〔従四位下、大和守・侍従〕
- Shigeyuki KUZE [Jushiinoge Yamato no kami Jiju, Governor of Yamato Province and Chamberlain, (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade)]
- 後水尾天皇の典侍の一人に選ばれ、後宮に入った。
- She was chosen to be one of the Naishi no suke (court ladies of the first rank) of the Emperor Gomizunoo and entered the kokyu (inner palace).
- 弁官(官務・史 (律令制)・内匠寮・官掌・弁侍)
- Benkan (officials of the dajokan [Grand Council of State] including Kanmu [the collective name for the offices of the sadaishi or senior recorder of the left, and the udaishi or senior recorder of the right], Shi [clerks], Takumiryo [Bureau of Skilled Artisans], Kajo[officials under Benkan and in charge of supervising Shibu] and 弁侍)
- この頃から義家・義綱兄弟は白河帝に近侍している。
- From this time, the brothers, Yoshiie and Yoshitsuna, closely attended the Emperor.
- 天平勝宝8歳(756年) 京職、兼侍従、中務省。
- In 756, he became Capital Bureau and Palace staff of Ministry of Central Affairs.
- 弘徽殿女御の妹で朱雀帝の内侍司(ないしのかみ)。
- She is the younger sister of Lady Kokiden, and Emperor Suzaku's Naishi no kami (Principal Handmaid).
- 源の典侍同様、「笑われ役」と位置づけられている。
- Her position in the story is 'an object of ridicule' similar to Gen no Naishinosuke.
- 下侍塚古墳(憤丘の長さ84.0メートル、栃木県)
- Shimo-Samuraizuka-kofun Tumulus (the length of the burial mound 84.0 meters, Tochigi Prefecture)
- 釈迦三尊を中心に、その左右に十大弟子が侍立する。
- Shaka sanzon (Shaka triad) is centered and Judai deshi (The 10 Chief Disciples of the historical Buddha, Shakyamuni) are assisting figures on the left and the right sides.
- 聖護院・照高院・円満院・実相院(坊官・諸大夫・侍)
- The Shogo-in Temple, the Shoko-in Temple, the Enman-in Temple and the Jisso-in Temple (Bokan [residential retainers serving at those temples], Shodaibu [fifth and fourth rank officials] and samurai [warriors])
- 200~300石位の知行を持つ平侍が隊士となった。
- The low-ranking samurai with an income of about 200 to 300 koku became troop members.
- ただ軍監・目付という場合は侍を監察対象としていた。
- In the case of gungen and metsuke, their object of inspection was the samurai.
- 侍医(従六位正六位) 天皇の直属医・内薬司より移管
- Jii, of Shorokuinoge (Senior Sixth Rank, Lower Grade), who worked as personal physicians to the Emperor; control over this position was transferred to the Tenyakuryo from the Naiyakushi.
- 内薬司併合時には侍医・薬生・女医博士も移管された。
- At the time of the bureau's absorption of the Naiyakushi, control over the jii (the physicians for the Emperor and Imperial Family), Yakusei (students of medicine), and Joihakase (female Masters of medicine) was also transferred to the Tenyakuryo.
- 同年…頼朝が侍所を設置する(武士支配機構の成立)。
- The same year - Yoritomo established Samurai-dokoro (the establishment of samurai governing system).
- 三千院阿弥陀如来像・両脇侍像(京都市左京区、国宝)
- Statues of Amida Nyorai and ryowakiji (attendants statues on both sides), Sanzen-in Temple (Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, a national treasure)
- 小侍従(こじじゅう) : 朱雀院の女三宮の乳姉妹。
- Kojiju: The foster sister of Suzakuin's third princess (Onna San no Miya).
- 上侍塚古墳(憤丘の長さ114.0メートル、栃木県)
- Kami-Samuraizuka-kofun Tumulus (the length of the burial mound 114.0 meters, Tochigi Prefecture)
- 講堂/地蔵菩薩坐像/脇侍/平安時代/伝道昌作/重文
- A seated statue of Jizo Bosatsu and kyoji (attendant figures) in Kodo Hall (a lecture hall): Attributed to Dosho in the Heian period, designated as an Important Cultural Property
- 藤原実方は一条天皇の侍臣でもある名高い歌人だった。
- FUJIWARA no Sanekata was a noted poet and Emperor Ichijo's valet.
- 忠顕は後醍醐天皇に近侍し、建武政権でも重用された。
- Tadaaki served the Emperor Godaigo and was appointed to a responsible post in the Kenmu government.
- 実正は、埼玉県知事、侍従長、賞勲局総裁を歴任した。
- Sanemasa filled various posts including the Governor of Saitama Prefecture, Grand Chamberlain, and President of the Decoration Bureau.
- 一 侍小者ニよらす 其主に不乞暇罷出輩一切抱へからす
- Third, do not employ anyone who has left his or her former master without his or her permission, whether they are samurai or komono.
- 三条家・西園寺家・徳大寺家・今出川家(諸大夫及び侍)
- The Sanjo family, the Saionji family, the Tokudaiji family and the Imadegawa family (Shodaibu [fifth and fourth rank officials] and samurai [warriors])
- 本司所属の侍医・女医博士・薬生は典薬寮に移管された。
- The jii, nyoi hakase and medical students that belonged to Naiyakushi were transferred to Tenyakuryo.
- 「土豪」と呼ばれることもあるが、土豪=地侍ではない。
- It is sometimes called 'Dogo' but Dogo is not equal to Ji-zamurai.
- 大津の地侍真鍋貞成は菅水軍の二百艘一千人を撃退した。
- Sadanari MANABE, jizamurai of Otsu, beat off the Kan navy consisting of 200 ships and 1,000 soldiers.
- 殿上の侍臣が脂燭に候し、近習の公卿が両3人供奉する。
- Inside the room, courtiers held shisoku (a kind of lighting) and two to three nobles attended to the Emperor.
- 町人地は、侍町の外側に配された商人や職人の町である。
- The townsmen district was located outside of the Samurai towns and was the town for merchants and craftsmen.
- 以後は小侍奉行、評定衆、引付頭と順調に出世を重ねた。
- Since then he advanced his careers such as Kozamurai bugyo (magistrate to guard Shogun in attendance), Hyojoshu (a member of Council of State) and Hikitsukegashira (head of Hikitsukeshu, a judicial organ).
- 6月10日 (旧暦)、従四位下昇叙し、侍従元の如し。
- July 4: He was promoted to the Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) while being concurrently appointed to Jiju.
- 明治11年(1878年)、宮内省に出仕して一等侍講。
- In 1878 he became a first class imperial tutor at the Imperial Household Department.
- 弟は徳川吉宗の侍医で明律令法研究で知られた荻生北渓。
- His younger brother is Hokkei OGYU, a court physician of Yoshimune TOKUGAWA and famous for his study of the Ritsuryo code of Ming.
- 侍が座敷で相撲をしている時に畳を裏返すように言った。
- When samurai were doing Sumo-wrestling on a tatami-mat room, he ordered that the other side of the straw-like cover should be used instead.
- 12月29日 (旧暦)、従四位下に昇叙し、侍従如元。
- On December 29, he was promoted to Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) and remained in the position of Jiju.
- その後、夕霧は進士の試験に合格、五位の侍従となった。
- Later, Yugiri passed the exam to be a shinshi (a daigaku student who has passed a subject on the official appointment test), and was promoted to jiju (a chamberlain), the fifth rank.
- 伊三郎の子山縣有道は宮中に仕え侍従・式部官を務める。
- Arimichi YAMAGATA, the son of Isaburo, served at the Imperial Court as a chamberlain (the master of ceremonies).
- 六の君、有明の君、尚侍君(かんのきみ)とも呼ばれる。
- She is also called Roku no Kimi, Ariake no Kimi and Kan no Kimi.
- 侍所別当の義盛は軍奉行としてこの軍勢に従軍している。
- Samurai-dokoro betto Yoshimori joined these troops as a military commissioner.
- 文殊菩薩騎獅像および侍者立像/鎌倉時代/康円作/重文
- A Monju Bosatsu Kishi zo (a statue of Monju Bosatsu Riding on a Lion) and a standing statue of an attendant: Sculpted by Koen in the Kamakura period, designated as an Important Cultural Property
- 縫ふ様は、針目も、又革も、五見え侍る様に、縫ふべし。
- The ball is sewn in such a way that five sections can be easily seen.
- 歴代当主は正二位少納言・侍従・明経博士を極官とする。
- Kyokkan (the highest rank one can be appointed) the chronological order of family head was Shonii (Senior Second Rank) Shonagon (lesser councilor of state), jiju (a chamberlain) and myogyo hakase (Professor of Confucian classics).
- 坊城俊良は侍従、皇太后宮大夫、伊勢神宮宮司を務めた。
- Toshinaga BOJO filled the posts of jiju (a chamberlain), kotaigo gu no daibu (Master of the Empress Dowager's Household) and the chief priest of Ise-jingu Shrine.
- 九条家侍・松井氏 ; 五摂家・九条家 家臣の松井氏。
- The Matsui clan as vassals of the Kujo family: They served as vassals of the Matsui clan which was one of Gosekke (the five top Fujiwara families whose members were eligible for the positions of Sessho and Kanpaku).
- 中院家・三條西家・正親町三条家・中山家(諸大夫及び侍)
- The Nakanoin family, the Sanjonishi family, the Ogimachisanjo family and the Nakayama family (Shodaibu [fifth and fourth rank officials] and samurai [warriors])
- 伏見宮家・桂宮家・有栖川宮家・閑院宮家(諸大夫及び侍)
- The Fushiminomiya family, the Katsuranomiya family, the Arisugawanomiya family and the Kaninnomiya family (Shodaibu [fifth and fourth rank officials] and samurai [warriors])
- ちなみに刑事事件の取扱い(検断沙汰)は侍所が所管した。
- Samurai-dokoro (the Board of Retainers) handled Kendan-sata (criminal cases).
- 例えば鎌倉幕府の最初の侍所別当となった和田義盛である。
- For an example, Yoshimori WADA, who became Samurai-dokoro betto (the Chief Officer of Board of Retainers) during the early Kamakura bakufu.
- 実際には地侍級の小在地領主から成長したものと思われる。
- It is supposed that the family was descended from a local proprietor of a land, acting as a local military leader.
- 父の慥慥斉は、藩内一流の陽明学者で容堂の侍講であった。
- His father, Zousai ZOU, was a top-grade Yomeigaku (neo-Confucianism) scholar in the domain as well as a jiko (teacher) to Yodo.
- 1441年(嘉吉元)7月12日、幕府の侍所所司を辞任。
- On July 12, 1441, he resigned from the position of Samurai-dokoro Shoshi.
- 元は柏木の乳母子で、朱雀院の女三の宮の小侍従は従姉妹。
- She is introduced as the daughter of Kashiwagi's wet nurse, and Kojiju, Suzakuin's Third Princess, is her cousin.
- 尚侍(朧月夜 (源氏物語))…桐壺帝の右大臣の六の君。
- Naishi no Kami (Oborozukiyo) --- the sixth daughter of the Emperor Kiritsubo's Udaijin.
- 栃木・寺山観音寺 ― 千手観音及両脇侍像(重要文化財)
- Tochigi Terayama Kannon-ji Temple - Senju Kannon oyobi Ryowakijizo (千手観音及両脇侍像) (an important cultural property)
- 『弁内侍日記』建長3年正月16日、『徒然草』にみえる。
- Sagicho Festival is described in 'The Diary of Ben no Naishi '(Ben no Naishi is a woman poet in Kamakura period) of January 16 in 1251 and in the 'Tsurezuregusa'(Essays in Idleness).
- 里内裏の春興殿は日華門の北、内侍所を奉安としたという。
- It is said that the Naishidokoro located to the north of Nikka-mon Gate was moved here when Shunkyoden Hall was used as a satodairi (a temporary palace),
- 更に内記丸に続く郭外の台地には、平侍の長屋等があった。
- Also there were Nagaya (long houses) for Hirazamurai (lower-ranked samurai) on a terrace beyond the Naikimaru.
- 徳川義寛(尾張徳川家分家当主、男爵、昭和天皇の侍従長)
- Yoshihiro TOKUGAWA (the family head of a branch of the Owari Tokugawa family; a baron; the Grand Chamberlain for the Emperor Showa)
- 代官所の下役である手付は「侍」、手代は「徒士」である。
- Tetsuke (secretary) who worked under the magistrate's office were 'samurai,' and tedai (assistant manager) were 'kachi.'
- 皇太子に怪我は無かったが、隣に座っていた侍従が顔に負傷。
- Prince was not wounded but a chamberlain sitting next to him suffered an injury on his face.
- 少納言局(大外記・少外記・史生・文殿・上召使・少納言侍)
- Shonagonkyoku (Lesser Counselors' Office, including Daigeki [Senior Secretaries], Shogeki [Junior Secretaries], Shisho [low-ranking scribes in government offices], Fudono [the document bureau], 上召使 and 少納言侍)
- 抵抗する地侍に対しては、容赦ない弾圧、殺戮が加えられた。
- The jizamurai who continued to fight were oppressed and killed without mercy.
- 弓足軽と弓足軽小頭(以上足軽)を弓組頭(侍)が指揮する。
- Yumi gumi gashira (captain of the archer squad) (samurai) commanded the yumi ashigaru (foot soldiers who were archers) and the yumi ashigaru kogashira (junior captain of foot soldiers who were archers) (both referred to as ashigaru).
- 8月(司法制度、訴訟手続き、問注所・侍所の組織と職掌)、
- August: Judicial system, law procedures, organization and management of monchujo (board of inquiry) and samurai-dokoro (board of retainers.)
- 元服を済ませると以降は織田信忠の近侍として召しだされる。
- After his coming of age ceremony, he was called to serve Nobutada ODA as an attendant.
- 匡房は後三条天皇・白河天皇・堀河天皇三帝の侍読を勤めた。
- Masafusa was an Imperial tutor and served three emperors: Emperor Gosanjo, Emperor Shirakawa, and Emperor Horikawa.
- 12月16日 (旧暦)、従四位下侍従兼若狭守に叙任する。
- December 16 (old calendar): Invested as Ju- Shii-ge (Junior 4th Class, Minor), Jiju and Wakasa-no-Kami.
- 1440年(永享12)6月13日、幕府の侍所所司に就任。
- On June 13, 1440, he became Samurai-dokoro Shoshi, Governor of the Samurai-dokoro, a position equal to the Samurai-dokoro Tonin.
- 幼少の頃、鎌倉に出て建長寺の一山一寧に侍童として仕える。
- When he was small, he went to Kamakura and served Issan Ichinei at the Kencho-ji Temple as saburai-warawa (a boy accompanying a dignity).
- 母は四辻公遠の娘である典侍四辻与津子(およつ、明鏡院)。
- Her mother was Yotsuko YOTSUTSUJI (Oyotsu, Myokyoin), imperial lady-in-waiting and the daughter of Kinto YOTSUTSUJI.
- 彼らはこの侍筒を武家奉公人に持たせ、必要に応じて用いた。
- They made buke hokonin (servant for a samurai family) have a samurai barrel and if necessary, used it.
- 侍従(従五位下相当)…大宝律令制定時は八人・後二十人に増員
- Jiju (corresponding to Jugoinoge [Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade]) … eight people when Taiho Code was enacted, later increased to 20 people
- 職掌・侍長・侍は平安時代中期に設置されていた令外官である。
- Shikisho, Samurai no osa and Samura were Ryoge no kan (posts outside of the Ritsuryo system) created in the middle of the Heian period.
- 青蓮院・三千院・妙法院・曼殊院・出雲寺(坊官・諸大夫・侍)
- The Shoren-in Temple, the Sanzen-in Temple, the Myoho-in Temple, the Manshu-in Temple and the Izumo-ji Temple (Bokan [residential retainers serving at those temples], Shodaibu [fifth and fourth rank officials] and samurai [warriors])
- 侍医は最高位の医官、女医は産科医で官戸や官婢からとられた。
- The jii was a top-level medical officer and nyoi was an obstetrician who was recruited from kanko (slaves to public ministries) or kanpi (female slaves to public ministries).
- 改元して安政元年12月15日、正五位下に昇叙し、侍従如元。
- February 1, 1855 (December 15, 1854 in old lunar calendar): He was given a higher rank, Shogoinoge (Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) while retaining his position as Grand Chamberlain.
- 1211年(建暦元)9月8日、従三位に昇叙し、侍従に遷任。
- On October 23, 1211, he was promoted to Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) and transferred to the post of chamberlain.
- 1325年(正中 (日本)2)、12月30日、侍従に任官。
- December 30, 1325, appointed as Palace staff.
- 門跡は三綱以下の人事権を掌握して自己近侍の坊官を補任した。
- Monzeki took control of the personnel matters of sango and lower rank monks, and appointed bokan who would serve himself.
- (明政長女、政高妻、三好直政母。淀殿のち崇源院、千姫侍女)
- (Akimasa's first daughter, Masataka's wife, Naomasa MIYOSHI's mother, Yodo-dono or later Sugen-in, jijo [a waiting woman] of Senhime)
- しかし、次第に天皇の寝所に侍る宮女を意味するようになった。
- Then gradually, it came to mean a lady serving at the Imperial Court who served at the Emperor's bedroom.
- 後に吉宗は近侍の臣らを持広の弟子として射礼を学ばせている。
- Later Yoshimune have his valets learned jarai as disciples of Mochihiro.
- 相前後して、秀頼に近侍していた織田信雄、石川貞政なども退去。
- In tandem Hideyori's valets, Nobukatsu ODA and Sadamasa ISHIKAWA also left the castle.
- 徳大寺実則 従一位大勲位・内大臣・宮内卿・侍従長・華族局長官
- Sanetsune TOKUDAIJI: juichii, (Junior First Court Rank) supreme order, Naidaijin, (Minister of the Interior) Kunaikyo, (Minister of the Sovereign's Household) Jijyucho, (Grand Chamberlain) the director of the peerage
- 同日、高台院の侍女孝蔵主を貝塚本願寺へ派遣し、親睦を深めた。
- On the same day, he dispatched Kozosu, a waiting woman of Kodaiin, to the Kaizuka Hongan-ji Temple and got acquainted.
- 各国の国司を併任し、建久4年(1193年)正月、侍従を辞す。
- In February 1193, he was assigned additional post as Kokushi (provincial lord) in various provinces and retired from Jiju position.
- (以後、文禄2年4月12日までは、少なくとも侍従であった。)
- (He remained in the position of jiju until at least April 12, 1593.)
- 左衛門佐、侍従、太宰大弐、左京大夫、大和守、大納言(自称)。
- He held positions such as Saemon no suke (assistant captain of the Left Division of Outer Palace Guards), Jiju (chamberlain), Dazai daini (senior assistant governor-general of Government Headquarters in Kyushu), Sakyo no daibu (master of the Eastern Capital Offices), Yamato no kami (the governor of Yamato Province) and Dainagon (chief councilor of state) (self-designation).
- 1326年(正中3)、1月5日、従四位下に昇叙し、侍従如元。
- January 5, 1326, promoted to the Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) with Palace staff position unchanged.
- 安政3年(1856年)2月5日、正四位下に昇叙し、侍従如元。
- February, 5, 1856: Promoted to Shoshiinoge (Senior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade).
- 源典侍(げんのないしのすけ) : 桐壺帝に仕える高齢の女官。
- Gen no Naishinosuke: An elder court lady who is in service of Emperor Kiritsubo.
- 侍女は玉のついた器をトヨタマビメに差し上げて、事情を話した。
- The female servant brought to Toyotamabime the vessel with the jewel stuck to it, and she explained what happened.
- 町人地は侍町よりも面積が狭く、街道沿いに隙間なく建ち並んだ。
- The area for townspeople was smaller than that for the Samurai and houses were built along the road without any gaps.
- 侍町は城郭を中心に防御することを意識して計画的に配置される。
- Samurai-machi were purposefully built in order to defend the castle structure.
- 町割りは城を中心に、侍町、足軽町、町人、寺町などが配された。
- The town distribution centered on the castle and had town districts for Samurai, Ashigaru (common foot soldier), townsmen, and temples.
- 内侍司を指す場合もあり、天皇の母を大御息所と呼ぶ例もあった。
- It sometimes meant Naishi no Tsukasa (female palace attendants), and there was a precedent that the Emperor's mother was called Grand Miyasundokoro.
- 手塚英臣:侍従次長を2005年(平成17年)3月に退任する。
- Hideomi TEZUKA: He retired from the position of the Deputy Grand Chamberlain in March 2005.
- また実務機関として政所・侍所・文殿・納殿などの機関が置かれた。
- And organizations including Mandokoro (Administrative Board), Samurai-dokoro (the Board of Retainers), Fudono (repository of documents) and Osamedono (treasury) were established as institutions for practical work.
- 「供侍何名」などという場合の「侍」とは、この若党のことを指す。
- In the expression 'number of accompanying samurai' 'samurai' means wakato.
- 鉄砲足軽と鉄砲足軽小頭(以上足軽)を鉄砲組頭(侍)が指揮する。
- Teppo gumi gashira (captain of the gun squad) (samurai) commanded the teppo ashigaru (foot soldiers carrying guns) and teppo ashigaru kogashira (junior captain of the teppo ashigaru) (both referred to as ashigaru).
- 長柄足軽と長柄足軽小頭(以上足軽)を長柄奉行(侍)が指揮する。
- Nagae bugyo (samurai) commanded the nagae ashigaru (foot soldiers with spears) and nagae ashigaru kogashira (junior captain of nagae ashigaru) (both referred to as ashigaru).
- 内訳…侍2人、人夫3人、口取1人(計6人) 駄馬1頭(計1頭)
- Breakdown - 2 samurai, 3 laborers, 1 kuchitori (total of 6) and 1 packhorse (total of 1 horse).
- 古い資料には地侍とか「名字の百姓」などという言い方で現われる。
- Ancient sources refer to them as 'jizamurai' or 'myoji no hyakusho' (farmers with surnames).
- 地侍たちは一揆の結束を武器に、守護の支配を排して自治を行った。
- Jizamurai got rid of the control of Shugo and built autonomy by a bond of ikki.
- 幕府の組織である公文所・政所・問注所・侍所に属する職員を指す。
- It indicates the staff that worked at bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) organizations such as Kumonjo (administration office), Mandokoro (administrative board), Monchujo (court of justice), and Samuraidokoro (board of retainers).
- 大同 (日本)元年(806年) 大納言、正三位・右大臣・侍従。
- 806: Dainagon (chief councilor of state), court rank of Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank), Udaijin (Minister of the Right) and Jiju (Emperor's Chamberlain).
- 馬内侍(うまのないし、生没年不詳)は、平安時代中期の女流歌人。
- Uma no naishi (year of birth and death unknown) was a female poet in the mid-Heian period.
- 夕霧の妾の藤典侍も雲居の雁の味方で、一人途方にくれるのだった。
- Yugiri's concubine, To no Naishinosuke, also sides with Kumoi no Kari, so she is isolated and does not know what to do.
- 1447年(文安4年)2月7日、正五位下に昇叙し、侍従に任官。
- February 7, 1447: Promoted to Shogoinoge (Senior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) and assumed the position of Jiju.
- 嘉永7年(1854年)1月22日、従四位下に昇叙し、侍従如元。
- January 22, 1854: He was promoted to Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) and remained as a chamberlain.
- 安政2年(1855年)1月22日、従四位上に昇叙し、侍従如元。
- January 22, 1855: Promoted to Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade) and remained as a chamberlain.
- 護衛の武士が控えていたとされる伏侍(ふせざむらい)の間がある。
- There is a Fuse Zamurai no Ma room, which is said to be the area in which the Samurai guard would wait.
- 侍医や薬生(やくしょう)が控えていたので薬殿(くすどの)とも。
- It was also called Kusudono (Physician's Hall) because court physicians and medical students resided there.
- 観音菩薩と虚空蔵菩薩や、梵天と帝釈天を脇侍とする例も見られる。
- There are also examples of attendant figures being Kannon Bosatsu and Kokuzo Bosatsu or Bonten and Taishakuten.
- 侍屋敷(さむらいやしき)は、下級武士の住まう邸宅のことである。
- 'Samurai Yashiki' were residences for low ranked samurai.
- 侍従>【慶長5年12月3日藩主就任-元和6年閏12月8日移封】
- Chamberlain> 'appointed as the lord of the domain on December 3, 1600 - transferred on December 8, 1620'
- 天皇家の診察のために侍医と女医、薬の処方のために薬生が所属した。
- There were jii (court physicians) and nyoi (obstetricians) for medical examinations of the Imperial Family, and medical students for prescription.
- 内訳…侍22人、奉公人58人(計80人) 乗馬22頭(計22頭)
- Breakdown - 22 samurai, 58 servants (total of 80) and 22 cavalry horses (total of 22 horses).
- 青侍(あおさむらい)は、貴族・公家の家政機関に勤仕する侍のこと。
- Aosamurai were samurai warriors who served domestic governing institution of nobles and court nobles.
- 鎌倉に頼朝の初期武家政権がつくられると初代侍所別当に任じられる。
- When Yoritomo's early samurai government was established in Kamakura, he was appointed as the first Samurai-dokoro betto.
- 泉石は藩主に近侍して全国各地へ同行し、これら職務の補佐に務めた。
- Sanseki accompanied the lords of the domain on their visits to various places throughout the country to help them do their duties.
- 延慶 (日本)2年(1309年)に元服し、小侍奉行などを務める。
- He had his genpuku (celebrate one's coming of age) in 1309, and he took office as kozamurai bugyo (magistrate to guard Shogun in attendance).
- そこで侍所の建物を破却して流血や死に伴う穢れから逃れようとした。
- Then, he tried to avoid impurities coming from blood and death by destroying the building of Samurai-dokoro.
- 天喜3年(1055年)成立、筆者は小式部(小式部内侍とは別人)。
- It was written in 1055 by Koshikibu (Koshikibu no Naishi is a different person).
- 玉鬘は自分の内侍司の役を中の君に譲り、今上帝のもとへ入内させた。
- Tamakazura handed over her position of Naishi no tsukasa (female palace attendant) to Naka no Kimi, marrying her to Kinjo no Mikado.
- 椿市の宿で偶然、元は夕顔の侍女で今は源氏に仕える右近に再会した。
- At an inn in Tsubaichi, she happens to see Ukon again, who was a former maid for Yugao and now serves Genji.
- 冷泉帝へ内侍司としての入内が決まるが、出仕直前に髭黒と突然結婚。
- She is to enter into court as Naishi no tsukasa (female palace attendant) of Emperor Reizei, but just before she enters, she suddenly is married to Higekuro.
- この報に接した仲麻呂は中宮院に侍していた訓儒麻呂に奪回を命じる。
- Upon this news, Nakamaro ordered Kusumaro, who served in the Chuguin Palace, to recover these items.
- 長く法然に近侍し、法然の臨終の際には『一枚起請文』を授けられた。
- He worked as a close aide of Honen, and when Honen was dying, he was given 'Ichimai-kishomon' (literally, a one-sheet written pledge).
- 阿弥陀三尊の右脇侍で、仏の智門を司り、衆生の菩提心を起こさせる。
- The Kyoji (statues that accompany a central Buddha figure) to the right of Amida Sanzon govern the Chimon of Buddha and inspires Bodaishin (a desire to attain enlightenment and save others) in people.
- 門跡は彼らをもまた近侍の坊官同様に遇して、自己の勢力下に加えた。
- Monzeki treated them also the same way as the bokan serving him, then had them under his influence.
- また藤原忠実に近侍し、その信仰上の顧問的立場にもあったと伝わる。
- He served FUJIWARA no Tadazane and is said to have also been a religious advisor to him.
- 江戸時代には、天皇に近侍し、勅命を公卿以下に伝え、議事を奏上した。
- In the Edo period, giso kugyo attended on the emperor, passed on Imperial orders to kugyo and those in the lower position, and reported the preceedings to the throne.
- すると、侍女をつれた二十歳ばかりの女がやはり雨宿りにはいってきた。
- Then a woman of about twenty comes into the hut with her servant girl to get out of the rain.
- 畠中城では、日根郡の地侍・農民らからなる城兵と中村一氏が対戦した。
- At the Hatanaka-jo Castle, the castle soldiers consisting of jizamurai and farmers of Hine County fought against Kazuuji NAKAMURA.
- なお、通常は側近である侍臣による副状が添付されるのが慣例であった。
- It was customary that, under normal circumstances, a Gonaisho was issued with an accompanying letter by an attendant who was a close aide to the shogun.
- 兄に庭田重基、妹に庭田嗣子(仁孝天皇典侍・大奥上臈上座)らがいた。
- Takanaka had an older brother whose name was Shigemoto NIWATA and a younger sister who was Tsuguko NIWATA (serving as the Emperor Ninko's 'naishi no suke' which was an assistant handmaid in the Kokyu palace which was the imperial harem including the empress's residence; and an 'O-oku joro kamiza' which was a top ranking upper-grade lady-in-waiting at the O-oku [literally, the great interior, which was the women's quarters in Edo Castle and was the shogun's harem])
- 子の光盛は侍従に、保業は河内守となった(『吾妻鏡』6月20日条)。
- His son, Mitsumori was appointed to the post of jiju (chamberlain), and Yasunari to the post of Kawachi no kami (the governor of Kawachi Province) (see the entry for August 5 in the 'Azuma Kagami').
- 木造毘沙門天及び両脇侍立像 - 雪蹊寺(高知県高知市)、重要文化財
- The Wooden Standing Statues of Bishamon-ten (Vaisravana) and Bothsides Attendants: Sekkei-ji Temple, (Kochi City, Kochi Prefecture), Important Cultural Assets
- 11月14日、北条義時が郎従の中で功のある者を侍に準ずる事を望む。
- On December 19, Yoshitoki HOJO wanted his roju (vassals) with merits to be promoted to the samurai class.
- その中には侍所別当を務める和田義盛の子である義直、義重らもあった。
- Yoshinao and Yoshishige WADA, whose father Yoshimori WADA served as Samurai-dokoro betto (the superior of the Board of Retainers), were among them.
- そしてそれは侍女たちの子孫に引継がれ現在に至るまで続けられている。
- This custom was taken over by her descendants and still continues today.
- 若くして内侍司の女官として宮中に入り、帝の信任を得るようになった。
- She entered the Imperial court as a court lady while she was still young, and came to earn the Emperor's trust.
- 阿弥陀三尊として祀られるときは、脇侍に観音菩薩・勢至菩薩を配する。
- When enshrined as the Amida triad Kyoji, it is accompanied by the attendant figures Kannon-Bosatsu (i.e., Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva) and Seishi-Bosatsu (i.e., Mahasthamaprapta Bodhisattva).
- 大臣・納言・大将の普段使い、侍従・中将・小将・四位・五位も使った。
- Ministers, counselors, and generals used it everyday, and it was also used by jiju (chamberlains), chujo (middle captains), shosho (major generals), and officials of Shii (the Fourth rank) and Goi (Fifth rank).
- 建保元年(1213年)北条時政の子・義時が侍所別当和田氏を滅ぼす。
- In 1213 Tokimasa HOJO's son, Yoshitoki, defeated the Wada clan, Samurai-dokoro betto (the superior of the Board of Retainers).
- 侍が用いる普通の刀に比べ忍刀は短く、反りが少ないために切断力が劣る。
- The shinobigatana is shorter and less curved than the ordinary sward used by samurai and the cutting performance is inferior.
- 宗右衛門は伊丹方の侍と馬上で渡りあい、首四つをあげて尼崎に凱旋した。
- Soemon fought on horse back with samurai of the Itami side and obtained four heads and returned victorious to Amagasaki.
- 仁和寺・大覚寺・勧修寺・三寳院・随心院・蓮華光院(坊官・諸大夫・侍)
- The Ninna-ji Temple, the Daikaku-ji Temple, the Kaju-ji Temple, the Sanbo-in Temple, the Zuishin-in Temple and the Rengeko-in Temple (Bokan [residential retainers serving at those temples], Shodaibu [fifth and fourth rank officials] and samurai [warriors])
- 江戸時代の大名・旗本には、このような地侍を出自とする家も少なくない。
- Some Daimyo (direct retainers of the lords) and Hatamoto during the Edo period originated from these Ji-zamurai.
- つまり、実態としては根来寺の看板を借りた地侍の連合による統治だった。
- In other words, it was actually a governance by a coalition of jizamurai under the name of the Negoro-ji Temple.
- 斯波高経はさらに子の斯波義種を小侍所、孫の斯波義高を引付衆につけた。
- Takatsune SHIBA further recommended his son Yoshitane SHIBA and grandson Yoshitaka SHIBA to the post of kozamurai-dokoro (an office of officers to guard shogun in attendance) and hikitsukeshu (Coadjustor of the High Court) respectively.
- 小侍従にせかされて女三宮もしかたなく返事を書き、柏木は涙にむせんだ。
- Encouraged by Kojiju, Onna san no miya who was reluctantly sent back, Kashiwagi was choked with tears.
- 清和源氏の一族でありながら平家の侍大将であり、文武両道に秀でた武将。
- Although he was the Seiwa-Genji, he was a Samurai-Daisho (commander of warriors) of the Taira family, and a busho who was well versed in both literary and military arts.
- 中務内侍日記(なかつかさのないしにっき)は、鎌倉時代の宮廷文学作品。
- The Dairy of Nakatsukasa no Naishi is a work of courtly literature in the Kamakura period.
- 源典侍(げんのないしのすけ)は、『源氏物語』の登場人物の一人の通称。
- Gen no Naishinosuke is a nickname for a character in 'The Tale of Genji.'
- なお、日光・月光菩薩が薬師如来以外の像の脇侍になっている場合もある。
- In addition, in some cases Nikko and Gakko Bosatsu are Kyoji in place of other statues except at Yakushi-Nyorai.
- 侍物(木曽 (能)、桜井 (能)、桜井駅 (能)、 小督、安宅など)
- Samurai-mono (literally 'tale of a Samurai') (such as 'Kiso, ' 'Sakurai,' 'Sakurai eki,' 'Kogo,' 'Ataka')
- 天皇が日常の執務をする部屋(表御座所)のほか、侍従の部屋などがある。
- It consists of a room where the Emperor attends to his business (Omote Gozasho), rooms for Jiju (chamberlain), and so on.
- 織田信長軍は城内を焼き討ちにし郷町から侍屋敷へ火の手が広がっていった。
- Troops of Nobunaga ODA set fire to the inside of the castle and the flames spread from the townhouse section to samurai's residences.
- 秀吉は太田開城時に指導層の地侍を処断する一方、一般農民は退城を許した。
- While Hideyoshi executed jizamurai of the leading position at the time of the surrender of Ota-jo Castle, he allowed common farmers to leave the castle.
- 老女(ろうじょ)とは、武家や公家で、侍女の筆頭である年長の女性のこと。
- The senior lady-in-waiting (`Rojo`) was the most senior high ranking woman serving a samurai or a noble.
- 地侍らは境内都市根来の富力を背景に和泉南部へと勢力圏を拡大していった。
- Jizamurai had expanded their spheres of influence to the southern part of the Izumi Province with a background of the financial power of Keidai toshi Negoro.
- 侍読(じどく/じとう)とは、天皇の側に仕えて学問を教授する学者のこと。
- A Jidoku/Jito was a scholar who was an academic tutor for the emperor.
- だが、結果的に7月9日に改めて侍所の建物を破却して新造する様に命じた。
- As a result, however, he ordered to destroy the building of Samurai-dokoro and rebuild it on August 14.
- 通称は高内侍(こうのないし)、または儀同三司母(ぎどうさんしのはは)。
- She was commonly known by the name, Ko no naishi, or as a mother of Gido Sanshi.
- そんな心中を見透かしたように、源氏は玉鬘に内侍司としての出仕を勧めた。
- Genji recommended Tamakazura's serving as Naishi no tsukasa (female palace attendant), as if he had seen straight through her.
- 著者は伏見院中務内侍こと藤原経子で、仮名 (文字)文による日記である。
- It was written in kana (the Japanese syllabary) by FUJIWARA no Keishi, known as Nakatsuka no Naishi who served Emperor Fushimi.
- 万里小路通房は、明治維新後、伯爵に叙せられ、侍従、貴族院議員を務めた。
- After the Meiji Restoration, the peerage of count was conferred on Michifusa MADENOKOJI and he served as a jiju (a chamberlain) and a member of Kizokuin (the House of Peers).
- 7月、中山忠光は京へ戻るが、謹慎を命じられ、侍従の職も剥奪されてしまう。
- In August, Tadamitsu NAKAYAMA returned to Kyoto; however, he was ordered to be confined to his own house and also the position of chamberlain was forfeited.
- 太田城の開城に伴い死を与えられた者たちは、一揆の主導層である地侍である。
- Those who were killed at the time of surrender of Ota-jo Castle were jizamurai who led ikki.
- 本書は醍醐天皇に侍医・権医博士として仕えた深根輔仁が延喜年間に編纂した。
- This dictionary was compiled by Sukehito FUKANE, who served Emperor Daigo as a court physician and Gon no ihakase (assistant professor of medicine), during 901 to 923.
- 城下町・陣屋町において、武士が居住する武家屋敷・侍屋敷が集まってできた町
- town inside the Jokamachi and Jinyamachi, formed with those samurai houses like bukeyashiki (samurai mansion) and samurai yashiki (samurai resident) gathered
- 「侍」としての「武士」には、「平家物語」の一ノ谷の戦いで先陣争いを演じた
- The 'bushi' as a 'samurai' fought on the front lines during the Battle of Ichinotani in 'The Tale of Heike.'
- また5男の斯波義種を小侍所の頭人に据えるなど幕府中枢を斯波一族で占めた。
- Also he placed his fifth son Yoshitane SHIBA as the head of kozamurai dokoro (a group of officers to guard the Shogun), and the Shiba family took a hold on the nucleus of the Bakufu.
- 秀吉愛蔵の逸品であったが、ある時近侍の小姓が落とし5つに割ってしまった。
- It was a unique and favorite item of Hideyoshi, but one time a pageboy serving him dropped it and broke it into 5 pieces.
- 子に大江挙周、江侍従(ごうじじゅう)らがおり、挙周の孫に大江匡房がいる。
- Her children were OE no Takachika and Gojiju, and Takachika's grandchild was OE no Masafusa.
- 若き日の西園寺が大小を差した侍姿で颯爽と立つ勇ましい写真も残されている。
- There is a picture of Saionji in his younger days wearing two swords and standing gallantly in the fashion of a samurai.
- 『義経 (NHK大河ドラマ)』(2005年NHK大河ドラマ)演:小林稔侍
- 'Yoshitsune (NHK Taiga Historical Drama)' (NHK Taiga Historical Drama, 2005); played by Nenji KOBAYASHI
- 五節君(ごせちのきみ)・藤典侍(とうのないしのすけ) : 惟光の秘蔵娘。
- Lady Gosechi, To no Naishinosuke: Koremitsu's best and favorite daughter.
- また、内侍司藤原淑子の帰依も受け、その東山山荘を寺として円成寺と称した。
- Yakushin also made FUJIWARA no Yoshiko, Naishi no tsukasa (female palace attendant) a Buddhist, her Higashiyama mountain villa was donated as a temple and he named it the Enjo-ji Temple.
- 母・大進局は鎌倉幕府に出仕する侍女であったが、頼朝の寵愛を受け懐妊する。
- His mother, Daishin no Tsubone, was a lady's maid serving the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), who was favored by Yoritomo and became pregnant.
- 奥の院の維那(ゆいな)と呼ばれる仕侍僧が衣服と二時の食事を給仕している。
- A shiji-so (attendant priest) called Yuina at the Oku-no-in changes his clothes and serves meals two times a day.
- 上忍は伊賀では郷士(地侍)で、地主として小作人である下忍を支配している。
- In Iga, Jonin were goshi (country samurai) or jizamurai (local samurai) and as landlords, they controlled Genin who were kosakunin (tenant farmer).
- 光背に脇侍の日光・月光菩薩像と七仏薬師像、台座に眷属の十二神将像を表す。
- Statues of Nikko Bosatsu and Gekko Bosatsu as kyoji (attendant figures) and statues of Seven Buddha of healing are placed in its halo, and statue of 12 protective deities as kenzoku (disciples or followers of Buddha) are in the pedestal.
- 現在の解釈では、主に近世の武士の住まいである侍屋敷のことも含まれている。
- Today's definition also covers 'Samurai Yashiki' which was a residence of samurai after the Sengoku period (period of warring states).
- 城を持つ地域では、その城によって三の丸や外郭内を侍町とすることがあった。
- In castle towns, some castles had Samurai-machi in their Sannomaru (outer area of a castle) or inside the outer castle walls.
- また、日野流は侍従を初任とするが勧修寺流は衛門府を初任とする場合が多い。
- In addition, in most cases, the starting rank was jiju in the Hino line while it was Emonfu (Headquarters of the Outer Palace Guards) in the Kajuji line.
- 郷士は郷に住む武士で、多くは「徒士」身分であるが、「侍」身分の者もいる。
- Goshi (country samurai), who lived in the country, were bushi and many of them were in the class of 'kachi' but some of them were in the class of 'samurai.'
- 天明1年(1781年)に老中格となり、5000石加増され侍従に昇進する。
- In 1781, he was ranked to the level of roju and as 5,000 koku was added, he promoted to jiju (a chamberlain).
- 唐代の制度では、後宮の職官は、内官・宮官・内侍省の3部門で構成されていた。
- Under the Tang Dynasty system, rankings and service titles in a Kokyu palace were organized into three departments: Naikan, Kyukan, and Naishi Sho.
- その結果、そこに侍る女性としての性行為を前提とする新たな女性層が生まれる。
- As a result, a new class of women who served such second house on condition that they had a sexual act with their master came into existence.
- 内訳…侍3人、奉公人5人、口取1人(計9人) 乗馬2頭、駄馬1頭(計3頭)
- Breakdown - 3 samurai, 5 servants, 2 kuchitori (total of 9), 2 cavalry horses and 1 packhorse (total of 3 horses).
- また、摂関家や将軍家の当主に学問を教授する学者も侍読と呼ばれるようになる。
- Scholars who tutored the family heads of the Sekkan-ke (families which produced regents) and the family of the Shogun also came to be called Jidoku.
- 天下統一に邁進する秀吉に近侍して、彼の軍記である『天正記』などを記述した。
- He attended Hideyoshi who strived for unifying the whole country, writing books including the Hideyoshi's war chronicle 'Tenshoki.'
- 少し軽薄な性格であったようで、小式部内侍にやり込められた逸話が残っている。
- There is an anecdote about him in which he was ridiculed by KOSHIKIBU no Naishi for being a little frivolous.
- 「その後山ちの露といふ物つくりて、たづねあひて対面し給へりと作りて侍り。」
- After that a book called Yamaji no tsuyu was made.'
- 阿弥陀三尊像として作られたものだが、右脇侍像(向かって左)は失われている。
- It was originally made as an Amida Sanzon-zo (the image [figure, statue] of the Amida Triad), but its right kyoji (on the observers' left) is lost.
- しかし、映画『七人の侍』などのころから効果音が必ず入れられるようになった。
- However, since the times of movies such as 'Seven Samurai' the use of sound effects for swords became common practice.
- また、山城国守護職を幕府の侍所所司などの要職者に宛がって短期間で交代させた。
- Also, the Muromachi shogunate delegated, on a short-term basis, the post of the military governor of Yamashiro Province to people who already occupied important roles in government such as Samurai-dokoro Shoshi.
- 侍所に仰せ、当番の外祇候すべからざる由、禁制を加えられ候と雖も、漫に隠居す。
- Though having been ordered not to come to the offices, the persons at Samurai-dokoro (the Board of Retainers), except those on duty, were in their offices secretly regardless of the ban.
- 地侍(じざむらい)は、室町時代から安土桃山時代にかけて見られた侍身分の一種。
- Ji-zamurai is a rank of samurai seen from Muromachi period to Azuchi Momoyama period.
- 宮中の侍臣、官人に職務上の怠慢や失錯があったとき、殿上口や近衛陣に監禁した。
- If court staff or officers neglected their duties or made a mistake, they were held at the entrance of the court or guard offices.
- 平氏第一の勇士であった侍大将の盛俊、景家、忠清らは一人の供もなく逃げ去った。
- Commanders Moritoshi, Kageie, and Tadakiyo, who were the bravest among the Taira clan, fled with no subordinates accompanying them.
- 同日付で息子徳川秀忠も侍従に任官しているが、これは豊臣秀忠名義となっている。
- Dated the same day, Hidetada TOKUGAWA was also appointed to Jiju (a chamberlain), with the name of Hidetada TOYOTOMI.
- 1175年(安元元)12月8日、侍従に遷任(俊成、右京大夫辞任に伴う任官)。
- On January 28, 1176, he was transferred to the post of chamberlain (upon the resignation of Toshinari, Ukyo no daibu [mayor of the right capital district]).
- 著作として堀河天皇の死に至る模様を描いた「讃岐典侍日記」2巻が現存している。
- Two volumes of her diary 'Sanuki no suke Nikki,' in which she depicted the situations surrounding the Emperor Horikawa until his death, remain.
- 侍従・近衛府・右近中将・阿波国介・伊予国権介・播磨国権介・備中国権介を歴任。
- He consecutively experienced Chamberlain, Imperial Guard Officer, Deputy General of Imperial Guard of the Right, Governor of Awa Province, Junior Governor of Iyo Province, Junior Governor of Harima Province, and Junior Governor of Bicchu Province.
- ホオリが水が欲しいと求めたので、侍女は水を汲み器に入れてホオリに差し上げた。
- Hoori asked for water, and the female servant poured water in a vessel and gave it to Hoori.
- 将軍との連絡役である相国寺鹿苑院内蔭涼軒主となり、将軍に近侍する側近となる。
- He assumed the position of the master of Inryoken Household in Rokuonin of Shokoku-ji Temple, which was a liaison with shogun, being a close retainer serving the shogun.
- この像は来迎阿弥陀三尊の脇侍としての勢至菩薩と同様、合掌形に表わされている。
- This figure is joining his palms in the same style as Seishi Bosatsu as attendant in Raigo style Amida Sanzon
- あるとき、穂波殿の侍所からその屏風の借用を依頼され、勧修寺は快く貸し出した。
- One day, the samurai-dokoro (the Board of Retainers) of Honami-dono asked the Kajuji to borrow the folding screen, and the Kajuji lent it willingly.
- 陣屋の地域では、陣屋の敷地内に小規模な侍屋敷を構えて住まわせることもあった。
- In jinya (regional government office) areas, they had small scale samurai yashiki inside jinya compounds.
- また、春日顕国(春日侍従)(源国信の後裔源顕行の子か)も同様に春日を号した。
- In addition, Akikuni KASUGA (the Kasuga Jiju [chamberlain], who may have been the son of MINAMOTO no Akiyuki, who himself was the descendant of MINAMOTO no Kuninobu) also took the name 'Kasuga.'
- 侍従も華族出身者が多く、歌会始などの皇室の行事では華族が役割の多くを担った。
- Many of the chamberlains in the Imperial Court were from kazoku, and kazoku also played many roles in events in the Imperial Court, including the ceremony of Utakai Hajime (the Imperial poet-reading party in the New Year).
- 同朋衆は、将軍に近侍した時宗をなのる僧で、遁世者の系譜をうけつぐものである。
- The Doboshu was the monk that practiced Jishu (one Buddhist sect), and those who passed down the genealogy of those who escaped from the society to practice Buddhism.
- 式部大輔は儒学者で天皇の侍読(家庭教師)を務めた者が就任する慣例となっていた。
- Confucian scholar who served as an emperor's jidoku (imperial tutor) conventionally assumed the post of Shikibu no Taifu.
- 内訳…侍1人、奉公人27人、口取4人(計32人) 乗馬2頭、駄馬4頭(計6頭)
- Breakdown - 1 samurai, 27 servants, 4 kuchitori (total of 32), 2 cavalry horses and 4 packhorses (total of 6 horses).
- 家継が討ち取られて梟首され、侍大将の富田家助・家能・家清入道らが討ち取られた。
- Ietsugu was defeated and his head put on public display, while TOMITA no Iesuke, Ieyoshi and Iekiyo Nyudo, who were Samurai Daishos (commander of warriors), were defeated and killed.
- 頼朝は重衡を厚遇し、政子もこの貴人を慰めるため侍女の千手の前を差し出している。
- Yoritomo received Shigehira warmly, and Masako sent her maid-in-waiting, Senju no mae, to entertain this member of the nobility.
- 西本願寺侍臣西村兼文によれば、山南を追い詰めたのは屯所移転問題だったとされる。
- According to Kanefumi NISHIMURA, a valet of West Hongan-ji Temple, the issue of relocating the quarter is what drove Sannan into the corner.
- 桐壺帝の朝廷で典侍(内侍所の次官、従四位下相当)として「紅葉賀」に初登場する。
- She first appears in the chapter of 'Momiji no ga' (The Autumn Excursion) as Naishi no suke (assistant director of the Naishidokoro [a place where the sacred mirror is enshrined], equivalent to Jushiinoge [Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade]) in Emperor Kiritsubo's Imperial court.
- 宇多天皇の侍童をつとめ、その後出家して法皇及び神日(じんにち)から法を受けた。
- He worked as jido (a page) for the Emperor Uda and then became a priest, and learned the method in esoteric Buddhism from cloistered emperor and Jinnichi.
- 阿弥陀如来を中尊とし、観音菩薩を左脇侍、勢至菩薩を右脇侍とする三尊形式である。
- It is a triad style and consists of Amida-Nyorai, i.e., Amitabha Buddha at the center and two attendants, Kannon-Bosatsu, i.e., Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva on the left and Seishi-Bosatsu, i.e., Mahasthamaprapta Bodhisattva on the right.
- 「人の多く幽玄なる事よといふを聞けば、ただ余情の体にて、更に幽玄には侍らず。」
- 'Most people consider Yugen as suggested feelings and do not expect more in Yugen. '
- このことは中世の村落構造に端を発しており、中世の地侍や乙名百姓は苗字を称した。
- This originated from the structure of the village in the Medieval times, and Jizamurai (provincial samurai in the middle ages, who engaged in agriculture during peacetime) and Otonabyakusho used Myoji.
- また、江戸時代に霊元天皇の典侍となった松木宗子(敬法門院)が東山天皇を生んだ。
- During the Edo period, Muneko MATSUNOKI (Keihomonin), Emperor Reigen's naishi no suke (a court lady of the first rank), gave birth to a child who would later become Emperor Higashiyama.
- 「一、吉良上野介家臣達で戦わなかった者は侍とは認められないので斬罪に処すべき。」
- 3, Kira Kozuke no Suke's retainers who did not participate in the battle cannot be acknowledge as samurai and thus should be sentenced to decapitation.
- 摂関期の頃には家政機関として別当・家令・知家事・案主・侍・書吏などが設置された。
- During the regents and chancellors period, Betto, Karei, Chikeji, Anju, Samurai and Shori were established as domestic governing institutions.
- 現在、東大寺正倉院などと同様に勅封扱いとなっており、宮内庁侍従職が管理している。
- At present it is treated as chokufu (imperial seal) same as Todai-ji Temple Shosoin and so on, and jiju (a chamberlain) of the Imperial Household Agency manages it.
- 郎党ではなく、侍としての「武士」の認定は、なによりもまず、武官であることだろう。
- The first qualification of samurai not as a retainer but as 'bushi' was to be a military officer.
- ただし、同条に父・古人の侍読の功績によると記されており、その後の支給の例もない。
- However, the description is also seen in the above book saying Gakumonryo was granted in reward for their father Huruhito's achievement as Jidoku (imperial tutor) and none were rewarded thereafter.
- 夏の陣では、嫁の千姫、妹の常高院、淀殿付きの多くの侍女を城外へ脱出させたという。
- When the Siege of Osaka occurred, she supported her daughter-in-law, Senhime, her younger sister, Joko-in, and many of her own waiting maids to escape from the castle.
- 淀殿の死後、命日には墓前に毎年侍女たちが集まり、ひっそりと法要を執り行ってきた。
- After Yodo-dono died, her waiting maids got together in front of her graveyard every year on the anniversary of her death and held secret memorial services.
- 小式部内侍の逸話は、『十訓抄』や『古今著聞集』など、多くの説話集に採られている。
- Anecdotes concerning Koshikibu no Naishi were collected in many collections of anecdotes such as; 'Jikkinsho' (A Miscellany of Ten Maxims) and 'Kokon Chomon ju' (A collection of Tales Heard, Past and Present).
- 初秋(はつあき)/別名:相撲の節会(すまいのせちえ)、内侍のかみ(ないしのかみ)
- Hatsuaki (also known as Sumai no Sechie, or Naishi no Kami)
- 同標的で十匁玉筒(10匁の重さの弾を使用する銃)を使用する「侍筒」(自由姿勢)。
- With the same target, a ten monme bullet tube (gun using a bullet with the weight of ten monme) is used for 'samurai barrel' (free style).
- 宮中の賢所で行われる御神楽(賢所御神楽)のことで、古くは内侍所御神楽と言われた。
- Mikagura, also known kashikodokoro kagura, is a formal dancing ritual performed at kashikodokoro (a palace sanctuary) within the imperial court, which was originally named as naishidokoro mikagura in ancient time.
- 武士の身分を「士分」といい、士分は、大きく「侍」と「徒士(かち)」に分けられる。
- The samurai status is called 'shibun' (samurai class) and the shibun is roughly divided into 'samurai' and 'kachi' (foot guards).
- 宝暦8年(1758年)に小姓組番頭格、宝暦10年に側衆と将軍近侍の職を歴任する。
- He served as Koshogumiban gashira (the chief of the bodyguard of the Shogun) in 1758 and Sobashu (aide of the shogun) and shogun-kinji (attendant of the shogun) in 1760.
- これらを解体するためには、寺社や地侍、そして農民をも武装解除することが必要だった。
- In order to dissolve these, disarmaments of temple, shrine, jizamurai and farmers were needed.
- 四等官の他、侍従・内舎人・内記・監物・主鈴・典鑰などの品官(ほんかん)が所属する。
- Other than the four ranks of bureaucrats, kami, suke, jo and sakan, Jiju (staff of the Imperial Household Agency staff), Udoneri (imperial guard), Naiki (secretary), Kenmotsu (accounting official), Shurei (official in charge of the barrier station), and Tenyaku (warehouse keeper), which were called honkan, belonged to respective ministries.
- 道貞との婚姻は後に破綻したが、彼との間に儲けた娘小式部内侍は母譲りの歌才を示した。
- Although their marriage later failed, the daughter born between them--KOSHIKIBU no Naishi--inherited her mother's poetic gifts.
- 紀伊の地侍は連合して根来衆・雑賀衆などの集団を形成し、宗教を盾に地域自治を行った。
- Jizamurai (local samurai) in Kii formed groups such as Negoroshu and Saigashu and carried out regional autonomy under the cover of religion.
- 武士の中では下位で、侍でもあり百姓でもあるという兵農未分離の状態という意味である。
- It means that they were low-ranking samurai who served as both warriors and farmers.
- これら地侍出身の行人たちが「惣分」という会議を構成し、根来寺の方針を決定していた。
- These Gyonin from jizamurai made up a conference named 'sobun' and decided policies of the Negoro-ji Temple.
- 弁は故柏木 (源氏物語)の乳母子(めのとご、乳母の娘)で、今は八の宮の侍女である。
- Ben was a menotogo (the daughter of a menoto, a wet nurse to a high born baby) of the late Kashiwagi (a son of Tono Chujo - the first secretary's captain) (The Tale of Genji), and was Hachi no Miya's maid at that time.
- 始め貞観殿の別当として登華殿にあり、後に尚侍(ないしのかみ)となって弘徽殿に移る。
- At first she lived in the Tokaden pavilion as the chief of the Joganden pavilion, then she became the chief of Naishi no Tsukasa (the Handmaids' office) and moved to Kokiden (one of the Heian Palace buildings).
- 帰国後は東宮侍講を経た後、伯耆国、筑前国と国司を歴任しながら、数多くの歌を詠んだ。
- After he returned to Japan, he became a tutor to the crown prince and afterward, he served as the Governor of Hoki and Chikuzen Provinces, during which time he wrote many poems.
- 鎌倉幕府では侍廊、室町幕府では会所 (中世)で対面儀礼を行うのが定制になっていた。
- It was ruled that the ceremony was held at Samurai-dokoro (the hall of the Board of Retainers) under the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and at a kaisho (meeting place) under the Muromachi bakufu.
- 庶民から侍は大名まで使用層は広かったため標準的な紋として認識されていることがある。
- Since they were used by a wide range of people including common people, samurai (warriors), and daimyo (feudal lords), they are recognized as typical family crests.
- 1927年の全作品と、1928年10月の『河内山と直侍』までは弟の正義が監督した。
- Katsumi's younger brother Masayoshi directed all of their films produced in 1927 as well as 'Kochiyama to Naozamurai' produced in October of 1928.
- 諸々の智者達の樣々に立てをかるる法要どもの侍るも、皆誘惑に對したる假初の要文なり。
- Although there are various Buddhist teachings developed by various learned priests, they are all temporary teachings against allurement.
- 琉球国王の御側守役(侍従武官)の職にあり、国王の武術指南役もつとめたと伝えられる。
- He worked as a military attaché to the King of Ryukyu and allegedly served as the king's martial-arts coach.
- 時の簡の位置については、『禁腋秘抄』に「下侍二間あり、東は妻戸なり、次一間蔀なり。
- 'Kineki hisho' (禁腋秘抄) (a text describing rules and etiquette to be observed in the Seiryoden and Shishinden [The Throne Hall]) described the location of Toki no fuda, that 'c. 3.6 m from a station that is staffed with retainers, and tsumado (a side entrance, hinged plank door that was placed at the four corners of the enclosure of a aristocrat's mansion) on the east side and the next c. 1.818 m is shitomi (a wooden lattice door which opens up vertically).
- 正徳 (日本)4年(1714年)には従四位下侍従に昇進し、名乗りを和泉守に改めた。
- In 1714, he was promoted to Jushiinoge and changed his post name to Izumi no kami.
- 姉妹に大夫典侍(たいふのすけ)、上西門院兵衛(じょうさいもんいんのひょうえ)がいる。
- She had sisters such as Taifu no Suke and Josaimonin no Hyoe.
- 寛平年間(889年-898年)に従五位下に叙し、侍従に任じられ、肥後国受領を兼ねる。
- During the Kanpyo era (889 - 898) he was promoted to the junior fifth rank, lower grade and was appointed as jiju (chamberlain), simultaneously serving as zuryo (governor) of Higo.
- 通俊は歌壇の先輩たちに協力を求め、草稿本は周防内侍・康資王母・源経信らの内覧を経た。
- Michitoshi had asked his seniors in the poetry circles to help him, so the draft was checked in advance by SUO no Naishi, the mother of Prince Yasusuke, and MINAMOTO no Tsunenobu.
- 円融天皇朝に内侍として宮中に出仕し、漢才を愛でられ殿上の詩宴に招かれるほどであった。
- She served at the Imperial court as naishi (a maid of honor to the Empress) in the reign of Emperor Enyu, and her knowledge of Chinese classics and talent for prose and poetry were so outstanding that she was invited to a banquet of poetry held in the court.
- 翌1179年、俊寛の侍童だった有王が鬼界ヶ島を訪れ、変わり果てた姿の俊寛と再会した。
- In the following year, 1179, Ario, who was a jido (page) of Shunkan, visited the Kikaiga-shima Island and was reunited with Shunkan, whose appearance had completely changed.
- 中国・四川省の峨眉山が普賢菩薩の霊場とされ、文殊菩薩とともに釈迦如来の脇侍を勤める。
- Mt. Gabi (Emeishan) in Sichuan Province, China are regarded as Reijo, sacred ground, of the Fugen Bosatsu and statues are placed as Kyoji, attendant figures, of Shakanyorai with Monju Bosatsu (Manjusri).
- 事例としては柳生三厳の逸話であり、映画『七人の侍古典からの引用』にも引用されている。
- The story about Mitsutoshi YAGYU is one actual example of that, and the movie 'Shichinin no Samurai' (Seven Samurai) also quotes this story.
- また「弓取り」の言葉の意味は侍や武士道を表し、その栄誉を称える行為として弓を与える。
- In addition, the word 'yumitori' means samurai or Bushido (the code of the samurai) and a bow is given as an award.
- 石造弥勒仏及両脇侍立像 1基 台座正面に□魏天平二年の銘がある(東魏時代、535年)
- Sekizo Miroku Bosatsu oyobi Ryokyojiryu Zo (Three Standing Maitreya Bodhisattva Made of Stone), with the front surface of the base signed in the second year of Gi-Tenpyou) (535, Eastern Wei of China)
- この外国船打ち払いには、過激な攘夷派公卿の侍従中山忠光が長州藩に招かれて加わっていた。
- Chamberlain Tadamitsu NAKAYAMA was one of the members who participated in this gunfire on the foreign ships; he was a radical court noble who firmly believed in expulsion of foreigners and was invited by Choshu Domain to this gunfire.
- なお、天皇の側近たる侍従及び天皇の警護を行う内舎人は帯剣することを義務付けられていた。
- Meanwhile, the Udoneri guarding the Emperor and the Jiju, attendants of the Emperor, was obliged to wear a sword.
- 大高は断ったが、腰抜け侍と見て調子に乗った団蔵は「詫び証文を書け」と因縁をつけてくる。
- When Otaka refused, Danzo got carried away thinking he was a coward samurai and started telling him to write an apology.
- 康行は従兄弟の土岐詮直を尾張守護代とし、弟の土岐満貞を京都代官として義満に近侍させた。
- Yasuyuki appointed his cousin Akinao TOKI to a guard of Owari, and sent his brother Mitsusada TOKI as a daikan (local governor) of Kyoto, where the bakufu existed, to attend Yoshimitsu in a short distance.
- しかし、大多数の地侍は、侍身分でありながら村落に在住し、村落の指導者としてあり続けた。
- However, the majority of Ji-zamurai stayed in their villages being leaders there despite their position as samurai.
- 実父は右大臣徳大寺公純、実兄は3度にわたって侍従長となり、内大臣もつとめた徳大寺実則。
- His biological father was Kinito TOKUDAIJI, Udaijin (Minister of the Right), and his older biological brother was Sanetsune TOKUDAIJI, who served as the Grand Chamberlain three times and as Minister of the Imperial Household.
- そしてその後、侍所の別当も兼任する事となり、北条氏の地位を確固たるものにしたのである。
- Thereafter, he served concurrently as director of the military headquarters, which resulted in the solid establishment of the Hojo clan's position.
- 天平宝字6年(762年)8月、訓儒麻呂は中宮院(淳仁天皇の御在所)に侍し、勅旨を伝宣。
- In August 762, Kusumaro served in Chuguin Palace (the residence of Emperor Junnin) and issued an imperial order.
- 和歌山県・道成寺の本尊千手観音像の脇侍が日光・月光菩薩と呼ばれているのはその例である。
- For example, the Kyoji of Senju Kannon (Sahasrabhuja-arya-avalokites 'vara, 'Thousand-armed Kannon' or Kannon with a thousand arms) Statue, the principal image of Buddha at Dojo-ji Temple in Wakayama Prefecture, are Nikko and Gakko Bosatsu.
- 遠侍の北側、白書院の東側には「台所」と配膳をするための「御清所」と呼ばれる建物がある。
- On the north side of Tozamurai and east of Shiro Shoin there is a kitchen and a building called Okiyo-dokoro for preparing individual tables for meals.
- 近代軍制でいうと、馬上の資格がある侍(馬廻以上)が士官に相当し、徒士は下士官に相当する。
- According to the modern military system, warriors who are allowed to fight on horseback (Umamawari and above) correspond to officers and Kachi correspond to noncommissioned officers.
- 動員された駄馬と人夫(陣夫・夫丸ともいう)を荷宰料(足軽)、小荷駄奉行(侍)が管理する。
- Mobilized horses and laborers (also called jinpu or 夫丸) were managed by 荷宰料 (person in charge of provision delivery) (ashigaru) and konida bugyo (samurai).
- このため、氏郷の嫡男である蒲生秀行 (侍従)が家督を継いだが、まだ13歳の若年であった。
- As a result, Hideyuki GAMO (a chamberlain), who was the legal son of Ujisato, succeeded as the family head at 13 years of age.
- 3日、今度は岸和田勢が紀州側の五か所の付城を攻め、これを守る泉南の地侍らと激戦となった。
- On the 15th, the Kishiwada army attacked the five branch castles of the Kishu side and fought fiercely with jizamurai who guarded them.
- 1587年(天正15年)8月8日 (旧暦)、豊臣秀忠として、従五位下に叙し、侍従に任官。
- On August 8, 1587, he was granted Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) and appointed Jiju (a chamberlain) as Hidetada TOYOTOMI.
- 4月の後陽成天皇の聚楽第行幸を記した『聚楽亭行幸記』には、三郎侍従秀信朝臣の名が見える。
- He was referred to as Saburo Jiju (chamberlain) Hidenobu Ason (the second highest of the eight hereditary titles) in 'Imperial Visit to Jurakudai' (Hideyoshi's residence and office in Kyoto) stating the Jurakudai visit of Emperor Goyozei in April.
- 「中の関白かよひそめ侍りける頃」詠んだという次の和歌が小倉百人一首に採られて有名である。
- Her waka poem that was composed 'when Naka no Kanpaku started visiting her' is famous for being selected for the Ogura Haunting Isshu (the Ogura Anthology of One Hundred Tanka-poems by One Hundred Poets).
- そして翌年に師匠である夢窓疎石が死去するまでは、その側近として常に侍ったと言われている。
- It is said that he waited on his master, Soseki MUSO, as a close aide, until Soseki passed away in the following year.
- また、古代エジプトの壁画にも、王の脇に巨大な羽根うちわを掲げた従者が侍っている図がある。
- Among ancient Egyptian wall paintings, there is one showing a scene where a King was being attended by servants holding a huge Hane-uchiwa (feathered fan.)
- 公式令 (律令法)によれば、まず天皇が勅の内容を侍従などに伝えてそれを中務省に伝達する。
- According to Kushiki-ryo (law on state documentary forms in the Yoro Code)(Ritsuryo), the emperor first passes on the contents of Choku to a jiju (a chamberlain) and then transmits to the Nakatsukasasho (Ministry of Central Affairs).
- 庫裏の方より、下げ髪の、白い着物を着た女一人を我らは捕らえましたが侍は一人もおりません。
- We captured one woman in kimono (traditional Japanese clothing) with hair hanging down her back in the kuri (monk's living quarters or the kitchen at a temple), but not a single samurai.
- 携帯性や機能性を向上させるため、侍が使用する刀と比べて大きさや形状について工夫されている。
- The size and shape of Shinobigatana are designed to improve the portability and functionability compared with swords used by Samurai.
- そうした流れの中で、百姓や地侍、馬借らが広域的に連合する土一揆が発生したと考えられている。
- It is now considered that the state of consciousness caused peasants, jizamurai (local samurai), and bashaku (shipping agents who used horses) in a wide area to come together to start Tsuchi-ikki.
- 近江国坂田郡石田村(滋賀県長浜市石田町)の出身の地侍というが、京極氏の被官とする説もある。
- He was said to be a ji-samurai (low-ranking farmer-samurai) from Ishida-mura, Sakata-gun, Omi-no-kuni (Omi Province) (present day Ishida-cho, Nagahama City, Shiga Prefecture), but there is also a theory that he was Hikan (vassal) of the Kyogoku clan.
- 5日、実朝は御所に戻ると侍所別当の後任に義時を任じ、その他の勲功の賞も行った(和田合戦)。
- On June 2, Sanetomo went back to the shogunate residence, appointed Yoshitoki to the successor of Samurai-dokoro betto, and distributed other awards of merits (the Battle of Wada).
- 『無名草子』では「狭衣こそ、源氏に次ぎてはようおぼえ侍れ」(群書類従本)と賞賛されている。
- 'Mumyo Zoshi' (Story Without a Name) praises the work by stating that 'Sagoromo Monogatari is second only to Genji Monogatari (The Tale of Genji).'
- 翌年5月に同郷の周信が相模国の善福寺に入院しようとしたときには、その衣鉢侍者を務めている。
- When Shushin, a priest from the same town came to Zenpuku-ji Temple in Sagami Province in May 1365, Chushin served as his Ihatsujisha (the person in charge of attire and finance).
- また、「将軍足利義澄の末の御子といへる人も侍り」と、足利将軍落胤説も同時に載せられている。
- It also says that 'some said that he was the youngest child of Shogun Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA', suggesting that he was an illegitimate child of Ashikaga Shogun.
- 石造菩薩及両脇侍立像(三尊菩薩立像)1基 台座框に河清三年の銘がある(北斉時代、564年)
- Sekizo Bosatsu and Ryouwaki Samurai Ryuzo (Three Standing Bodhisattva Made of Stone), or Sanzon Bosatsu Ryuzo (Three Standing Bodhisattva), one set, the base frame of which was signed in the third year of Seika (564, Northern Qi of China)
- 維新によって役目を失った侍屋敷は多くが破却され、また戦災や戦後の都市開発によって失われた。
- The Meiji Restoration made Samurai Yashiki redundant and many of them were dismantled, and the Second World War and the urban development which followed it caused most of them to be destroyed.
- 藤原氏は子女を入内させると天皇の歓心を得るために有能な女性を選抜し、女房として近侍させた。
- Once their daughters entered the Imperial Family, the Fujiwara clan selected capable women and put them beside the emperor as female personal assistants to gain the emperor's favor.
- 初期の武士身分は諸大夫身分の軍事貴族と、侍身分の一般武士のふたつの階層から構成されていた。
- The position of bushi originally had two classes, the militaristic aristocracy with the position of shodaibu, and the ordinary bushi with the position of samurai.
- 『礒貝富森両人覚書』も、邸内ではたびたび戦闘が起きたが、長屋の侍は出てこなかったとしている。
- It is also described in 'Isogai Tomimori Ryonin Oboegaki' that although much fighting took place in the residence, no single samurai came out of their long house.
- 中務省 - 天皇に侍従し、詔勅の作成・宣旨、伝奏などの宮中事務や位記・戸籍などの事務を掌る。
- Nakatsukasasho (Ministry of Central Affairs) served the emperor and took charge of clerical jobs at the court such as preparing imperial edicts, taking the dictation of the emperor and conveying messages to the emperor as well as paperwork related to letters of appointment and the family register.
- だが、平安時代後期以後、紀伝道博士(文章博士)を世襲した大江氏・菅原氏が侍読の役を独占した。
- After the late Heian period, the Oe clan and the Sugawara clan monopolized the position of Jidoku with the hereditary title of Kidendo hakase (chief experts on the history of Japan and China) (Monjo hakase (professor of literature)).
- そして、貞治4年(1365年)には義種を侍所に推し、幕府中枢の要職を一族で集中させていった。
- Finally, he recommended Yoshitane to the post of samurai-dokoro (the Board of Retainers) in 1365 and his family monopolized the important posts of the bakufu.
- 天正16年(1588年)、9歳で岐阜市に入って元服し三郎秀信と名乗り、従四位侍従に任官した。
- In 1588, he called himself Hidenobu SABURO and was appointed Jushijiju (Junior Fourth- Rank Chamberlain) after he moved to Gifu and had his genpuku at the age of 9.
- 本丸まで飛来した一発の砲弾は淀殿の近辺に着弾、侍女の身体を粉砕し淀殿を震え上がらせたという。
- One shell which flew to Honmaru landed near Yodo-dono and smashed the body of a maid making Yodo-dono afraid.
- 「菟玖波集」に入集しているほか、「紫野千句」「侍公周阿百番連歌合」などにも句が残されている。
- His renga was selected for 'Tsukubashu' as well as 'Murasakino Senku' and 'Jiko Shua Hyakuban Uta-awase' etc.
- 室町時代には足利将軍家に近侍した飛鳥井雅世・飛鳥井雅親父子が歌壇の中心的歌人として活躍した。
- In the Muromachi period, Masayo ASUKAI and his son Masachika ASUKAI closely served the Ashikaga Shogunal family and were among prominent poets of the time.
- 桐壺帝に仕える年配の女官で血筋、人柄の申し分ない源典侍には、希代の色好みという評判があった。
- Gen no Naishinosuke, an old court lady serving Emperor Kiritsubo, was of good birth and left nothing to be desired about her personality, but there was a rumor that she was extraordinary lecherous.
- あらすじ:女童と小舎人童の恋から、侍と女房、頭中将と宮の姫、という主従3組の恋が進んでゆく。
- Story line: Love story of three couples in various social classes: a girl and a Kodoneri Warawa (Juvenile who served Court nobles and samurai families), and a samurai and a nyobo (court lady) and a head lieutenant general and an imperial princess.
- 定家は跋に「返々も窓のほかに出され侍まじ」と記して子孫に対してこの書の門外不出を求めている。
- Teika left a note in the end of the book, 'Make sure not to take this book outside the window' which instructed his future generations never to allow the book to be taken out of the house.
- これに対し、方丈建築の近傍に設けられるものを小庫裏といい、住持の内侍や客院などの厨房を指す。
- On the contrary, one set of architecture around the abbot's chambers is called Koguri (small Kuri), which refers to the kitchen of Uchi-saburai (office for samurai) or a guest room of the chief priest.
- 普賢菩薩とともに釈迦如来の脇侍をつとめる(参照:釈迦三尊)ほか、単独でも広く信仰されている。
- It is one of the kyoji (attendant figures) of Shakanyorai with Fugen Bosatsu (see 'Shaka Triad') and is broadly worshiped by itself.
- 法隆寺金堂に安置されている釈迦三尊像(国宝)の脇侍は寺伝では薬王菩薩・薬上菩薩と称している。
- The attendant figures of the Shakanyorai Sanzon figures (National Treasure) in Horyu-ji Temple Kon-do are said to be Yakuo Bosatsu and Yakujo Bosatsu according to temple legend.
- 義持の死後に義教が将軍となると、満祐は侍所頭人に就任し、義教と満祐の関係は比較的良好であった。
- When Yoshinori became Shogun after Yoshimochi died, Mitsusuke assumed to the Samurai-dokoro tonin (Governor of the Board of Retainers) and Yoshinori and Mitsusuke preserved relatively good relationship.
- 江戸時代は「侍」でも明治時代には陪臣までも士族に加えると国政が悪化することから、平民とされた。
- In the Meiji period, it was believed that if a baishin (indirect vassal) was ranked as being of the warrior class affairs of state would begin to worsen, so they were treated as heimin (commoners) even though they had been 'samurai' in the Edo period.
- ※奉公人は侍に仕える武家奉公人、中間・人夫・口取は大名に仕える武家奉公人という位置付けになる。
- The servants were the samurai family servants of samurai, and chugen, laborers and kuchitori were samurai family servants of the daimyo.
- 頼朝は、関東武士団を統率するための侍所を置き、関東武士団の代表=鎌倉殿と称されるようになった。
- Yoritomo established the Samurai-dokoro in order to lead Kanto Samurai Groups and he came to be called the Kanto Samurai Group Representative = Kamakura-dono.
- これに対し、高野山側は領内の僧兵や地侍に諸国の浪人を加え、合計三万六千余の軍勢を集めたとする。
- On the other hand, the Koyasan side gathered more than 36,000 troops in total with armed priests and jizamurai in the territory and ronin (masterless samurai).
- 1378年の祇園会では将軍義満の桟敷に世阿弥が近侍し、公家の批判をあびている(「後愚昧記」)。
- On the occasion of Gion-e in 1378, Zeami attended the box of Shogun Yoshimitsu and he was criticized by Kuge ('Gogumaiki,' the journal of Kintada SANJO).
- このときにまつの侍女である千代の方との間に生まれた子供が猿千代、のちの加賀藩主前田利常である。
- A child who was born in this period to Toshiie and Chiyo no kata (Lady Chiyo), a waiting woman of Matsu, was Saruchiyo, later Kaga hanshu (the Lord of the Kaga domain) Toshitsune MAEDA.
- 阿弥陀如来の脇侍としての観音と異なり、独尊として信仰される観音菩薩は、現世利益的な信仰が強い。
- Unlike the perception of Kannon as an attendant of Amidanyorai, Kannon Bosatsu, which was worshiped as an independent Buddha, tends to be prayed to for practical benefits in this world.
- 薬師如来を中尊とし、日光菩薩を左脇侍、月光菩薩(がっこうぼさつ)を右脇侍とする三尊形式である。
- It is a triad style and consists of Yakushi-Nyorai (Bhaisajyaguru) at the center (Chuson) and two Kyoji (attendant figures), Nikko Bosatsu (Sunlight Bodhisattva) on the left and Gakko Bosatsu (Moonlight Bodhisattva) on the right.
- 威力は絶大だがあまりにも高価で扱いが難しい為、十分な鍛錬と財力を持つ侍のみが用いる事ができた。
- It was extremely powerful, but since it was too expensive and too difficult to handle, only those who had trained fully and had the financial power could use it.
- また、康親の娘堀河紀子は孝明天皇の寵愛を受けて皇女を儲けたために康隆も天皇の侍従に抜擢された。
- As Yasuchika's daughter, Motoko HORIKAWA won Emperor Komei's favor and had an imperial princess, Yasutaka was promoted to Jiju (chamberlain).
- 光愛の次女で前光の妹の柳原愛子(なるこ)は、明治天皇に典侍として仕え、大正天皇の生母となった。
- Naruko YANAGIWARA, Mitsunaru's second daughter and a younger sister of Sakimitsu, served as a naishi no suke (court lady of the first rank) to Emperor Meiji and later gave birth to the child who would become Emperor Taisho.
- 内侍から蔵人頭に伝えられる文書は「内侍宣」と呼ばれ、「鎌倉時代」以降に「女房奉書」へと発展する。
- A document transmitted from Naishi (a maid of honor to the emperor) to Kurodo no to was called 'Naijisen,' which developed to 'Nyobo hosho' (letters sent by the court ladies by imperial order) in and after the 'Kamakura period.'
- 後宮十二司(内侍司、兵司、蔵司、書司、縫司、膳司、酒司、闡司、殿司(主殿司)、掃司、水司、薬司)
- Twelve Offices of Empress's Residence: Naishi no tsukasa (Office of Female Palace Attendants), Tsuwamono no tsukasa (Military Equipment Office), Kurazukasa (Office of Wardrobe of the Emperor and Empress), Fumi no tsukasa (Office of Book and Writing Materials), Nuinotsukasa (Office of Sewing), Kashiwade no tsukasa (Table Office), Mikinotsukasa (Office of Sake Brewing), Mikado no tsukasa, Tonomorizukasa (Office of Lighting), Office of Housekeeping, Court servant, Kamori no tsukasa (Housekeeping Office), Moi no tsukasa (Water Office), and Medical Office.
- そして、西南戦争直後に形成された侍補を中心とする宮中保守派の台頭がその可能性を現実のものとした。
- And, the emergence of the conservatives in the imperial court centered on the Jiho (an aide) that formed right after the Seinan War brought that possibility into reality.
- 万寿2年(1025年)、娘の小式部内侍が死去した折にはまだ生存していたが、晩年の詳細は分らない。
- She was still alive when her daughter KOSHIKIBU no Naishi died in 1025, but nothing is known about her later years.
- 内訳…侍1人、奉公人2人、足軽4人、人夫2人、口取8人(計17人) 乗馬1頭、駄馬8頭(計9頭)
- Breakdown - 1 samurai, 2 servants, 4 foot soldiers, 2 laborers, 8 kuchitori (total of 17), 1 cavalry horse and 8 packhorses (total of 9 horses).
- 宇多天皇や周辺の人物が話題になることが多く、宇多天皇の身辺に侍っていた女房が関わっているらしい。
- It seems that a nyobo serving near the Emperor Uda was concerned with the production of this literary work, because it includes a lot of subjects on the Emperor Uda and his surrounding people.
- 敵軍はわずかに5千、かの三人の侍大将と大将軍(維盛)らで権威を争っている間に敗北に及んだという。
- The Taira army was defeated by an enemy of only five thousand soldiers while the supreme commander (Koremori) and the three commanders of warriors were vying for authority.
- 千姫が十六歳のとき、秀頼が女性の黒髪を揃える儀式「鬢削」を千姫にしていたのを侍女が目撃している。
- Hideyori was witnessed by his female servant to be performing a female hair-trimming ritual (known as 'Bigi-sogi').
- 滋賀・石山寺には、本尊・如意輪観音の両脇侍として「金剛蔵王像」と「執金剛神像」が安置されていた。
- At Ishiyama-dera Temple in Shiga Prefecture, 'the statue of Kongo Zao' (a deity of fierce aspect) and 'the statue of Shitu-kongo-shin (Shu-kongo-shin)' (Buddhist guardian deity) were enshrined as Kyoji, Attendant figures, of the principal image, Nyoirin Kannon (the Bodhisattva of Compassion).
- 天台宗系では、阿弥陀如来の脇侍として金剛法、金剛利、金剛因、金剛語の四菩薩を安置することがある。
- In the Tendai sect and its branches, four Bosatsu, Kongoho, Kongori, Kongoin and Kongogo, may be arranged as the wakiji (attendant figures) for the Amida Nyorai.
- 単独像として祀られる場合と、日光菩薩・月光菩薩を脇侍とした薬師三尊像として安置される場合がある。
- Yakushi Nyorai is enshrined not only as a single statue but also as Yakushi Sanzonzo (three statues) with Nikko Bosatsu and Gakko Bosatsu situated on both sides.
- 家伝によれば、大蔵流は14世紀に後醍醐天皇の侍講を勤めていた比叡山の学僧・玄恵法印を流祖とする。
- According to the family record, Gene Hoin, a scholar monk of Mt. Hiei was the founder of the Okura school, who was a Jiko (teacher) of the Emperor Godaigo in the 14th century.
- このような状況のなかで、許衡はクビライの近侍にまで至り、朱子学を元の宮廷に広める役割を果たした。
- Under these conditions, Kyo Ko (Xu Heng) managed to become a valet of Kublai (Khan), and played a role in spreading Neo-Confucianism to the Imperial court of Yuan.
- 侍にとって印籠や扇子を持つことは一種のファッションであった為、取調べを逃れることが容易であった。
- Since, for a samurai warrior to carry an Inro (pill case) or a Sensu with him was fashionable, it was easy to flee from investigations.
- 1944年7月 若槻・岡田・広田・近衛・阿部・米内・原(枢相)・木戸(内大臣)・百武三郎(侍従長)
- In July 1944, WAKATSUKI, OKADA, HIROTA, KONOE, ABE, YONAI, HARA (Chairman of the Privy Council), KIDO (naidaijin), and Saburo HYAKUTAKE (Grand Chamberlain)
- その後現れた武士にとっては騎馬が最重要の武芸であり、騎馬は武士(諸大夫と侍)と郎党にのみ許された。
- For warriors who appeared after that, horse riding was considered the most important military art, and only warriors (Shodaibu and Samurai) and roto (retainer) were allowed to practice horse riding.
- 正編30巻を赤染衛門、続編10巻を出羽弁のほか、周防内侍など複数の女性と見る説があるが未詳である。
- There is a theory that the principal 30 volumes were written by Akazome Emon and the 10-volume sequel was written by Idewa no Ben and several women such as Suo no Naishi, but such a claim remains unproven.
- 内訳…侍1人、奉公人2人、足軽30人、人夫3人、口取2人(計38人) 乗馬1頭、駄馬2頭(計3頭)
- Breakdown - 1 samurai, 2 servants, 30 foot soldiers, 3 laborers, 2 kuchitori (total of 38), 1 cavalry horse and 2 packhorses (total of 3 horses).
- 慶長19年(1614年)12月、大坂冬の陣に乗じて奥熊野の地侍・山伏らが蜂起し、新宮城を攻撃した。
- In December, 1614, jizamurai, yamabushi (a mountain priest) and others at Okukumano started a riot, seizing the opportunity of Osaka Fuyu no Jin (Winter Siege of Osaka), and attacked the Shingu-jo Castle.
- そのうち叔母の夫が大宰大弐となり、叔母は末摘花が頼りにしていた乳母子の侍従を連れて行ってしまった。
- Before long, her aunt's husband became Senior Assistant Governor-General of Kyushu, and her aunt took the wet nurse whom Suetsumuhana depended on with her as housekeeper.
- 浄土教では観無量寿経の説くところにより阿弥陀如来の脇侍として勢至菩薩とともに安置されることも多い。
- In Jodo-kyo, it is often placed as an attendant of Amidanyorai with Seishi Bosatsu by the preaching of Kanmuryoju-kyo Sutra.
- 奈良・興福寺の中金堂の本尊釈迦如来の脇侍像(鎌倉時代、重要文化財)も薬王・薬上菩薩と呼ばれている。
- The attendant figures of the Honzon Shakanyorai of Kofukuji-ji Temple Chukon-do in Nara (Kamakura Period, Important Cultural Property), are also called Yakuo Bosatsu and Yakujo Bosatsu.
- 安藤家では初代安藤重信が江戸幕府2代将軍徳川秀忠の老中として近侍した折から織部流を習いとしていた。
- In the Ando family, Oribe-ryu school had been practiced since the time of Shigenobu ANDO, the first head of the family, when he served as roju (member of shogun's council of elders) for Hidetada TOKUGAWA, the second Shogun of Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 少女ヌードの写真家として知られる清岡純子はこの家の出身である(父は大正天皇の侍従だった清岡長言)。
- The photographer of female nudity, Junko KIYOOKA, is from this family (her father was Nagakoto KIYOOKA, a jiju (chamberlain of Emperor Taisho).
- 広幡忠隆は、逓信省に入って灯台局長、管船局長となり、さらに宮中に入り皇后宮大夫兼侍従次長を務めた。
- Tadataka HIROHATA entered Teishinsho (Ministry of Communication) and became Todai Kyokucho (Chief of Lighthouse Bureau) and Kansen Kyokucho (Chief of Ship Bureau); he then served at Court as Kogogu daibu (Master of the Empress's Household) and concurrently Jiju jicho (Deputy Grand Chamberlain of the Imperial Household Agency).
- 大手軍は7月11日に発向したが、事実上の総大将であった侍所頭人・山名持豊はなかなか京を動かなかった。
- The major army set out on August 6th, but the practical supreme commander, Samurai-dokoro tonin, Mochitoyo YAMANA, was long start off Kyoto.
- 内訳…侍1人、奉公人4人、足軽19人、人夫5人、口取11人(計30人) 乗馬1頭、駄馬1頭(計2頭)
- Breakdown - 1 samurai, 4 servants, 19 foot soldiers, 5 laborers, 11 kuchitori (total of 30), 1 cavalry horse and 1 packhorse (total of 2 horses).
- この後、北条義時が執権となり、北条氏権力の確立に努めたが、侍所別当の和田義盛が対抗勢力として現れた。
- After that Yoshitoki HOJO became Shikken, tried hard to establish the power of Hojo clan, but Yoshimori WADA, Samurai-dokoro betto (the superior of the Board of Retainers), appeared as an opposing force.
- 次の浅野氏の統治下でも慶長検地が行われ、地侍たちは財産を削られるだけでなく社会的地位まで否定された。
- Under the next rule of the Asano clan, the land survey in the Keicho era was also implemented, which not only cut jizamurai's fortune but also denied their social status.
- 内侍司として出仕を控えていた玉鬘だったが、その直前に髭黒が女房の手引きで強引に契りを交わしてしまう。
- Although Tamakazura was about to serve as Naishi no tsukasa (female palace attendant), Higekuro forced a relationship on her through the good offices of a court lady right before her entering the Imperial Palace.
- その後髭黒との間に男児(侍従の君)、大君(冷泉院女御)、中君(今上帝 (源氏物語)尚侍)をもうける。
- Later, She bears him a baby boy (Jiju no Kimi - a chamberlain), Oigimi (a consort of Emperor Reizei), Naka no kimi (Naishinokami of Kinjo no Mikado - Emperor).
- 光源氏没後、六条院の北東の町に居を移し、夕霧の側室・藤典侍の産んだ六の君を養女に迎えた(「匂宮」)。
- After Hikaru Genji passed away, she moved to northeast pavilion in Rokujo-in Palace, and adopted Roku no kimi, a daughter between Yugiri and his concubine, To no Naishinosuke. ('Nioumiya' (His Perfumed Highness))
- 明治天皇の元で岩倉具視は右大臣を務め、堀河康隆も引き続き侍従を務めるなど、宮中において重きをなした。
- The members of the family played the central roles at the Imperial Court of Emperor Meiji: Tomomi IWAKURA became Udaijin (minister of the right) and Yasutaka HORIKAWA held Jiju.
- 新任だった東宮侍従濱尾実など仕えている周りの人間を「今宵、殿下を目白の方にご案内したい」など騙した。
- The schoolmates cheated the Crown Prince's attendants including the newly appointed chamberlain of the Crown Prince, Minoru HAMAO, by saying 'We would like to show His Highness around Mejiro tonight.'
- 小倉百人一首には「大江山いく野の道の遠ければ、まだふみも見ず天の橋立」(小式部内侍)という歌がある。
- The Ogura Hyakunin Isshu (one hundred waka poems) has this tanka by KOSHIKIBU no Naishi, 'The road going over Mt. Oe and via Ikuno is so far that I have not set foot on Ama no Hashidate or seen a letter from my mother yet.'
- その後、頼朝は巨大となった武士団を統率するため侍所を新設し、和田義盛を別当、梶原景時を所司に任じる。
- Later, Yoritomo newly established the Samurai-dokoro (station for Samurai) to manage the large numbers in the Bushi Group and named Yoshimori WADA as Betto (chief of the Samurai-dokoro) and Kagetoki KAJIWARA as Shoshi (deputy of the Samurai-dokoro).
- 幕府の専制と摂関家による朝廷支配に憤慨していたこれらの公家たちは侍講から天皇へ式部の学説を進講させた。
- Those court nobles who were angry at the tyranny of the bakufu, and Sekkan-ke's control over the Imperial Court made the jiko (teacher) give a lecture on Shikibu's theory to the Emperor.
- 従四位下に上り中務少輔・安芸国守・肥後国守・陸奥国守などを歴任する一方、藤原頼通家の侍所別当も務めた。
- He was raised to Jushiinoge (Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade) and while he held the important positions such as Nakatsukasa no Shoyu (Junior Assistant Minister of the Ministry of Central Affaires), Governor of Aki Province, Governor of Higo Province, and Governor of Mutsu Province, he also took charge of Samurai-dokoro betto (the administrator of the Board of Retainers) of FUJIWARA no Yorimichi's family.
- 兄弟に源忠隆、源忠国らがあり、子に源定宗、源定重、藤原兼頼室、内侍紀伊(祐子内親王家紀伊?)らがある。
- His brothers included MINAMOTO no Tadataka and MINAMOTO no Tadakuni and his children included MINAMOTO no Sadamune, MINAMOTO no Sadashige, wife of FUJIWARA no Kaneyori and Naishi no Kii (Kii, maid of honor) (who is considered to be Yushi Naishinno-ke no Kii [Kii, Lady-in-Waiting to Imperial Princess Yushi]).
- 建暦2年(1212年)6月7日、侍所の建物内で宿直の御家人同士のいざこざから刃傷事件があり死者も出た。
- On July 13, 1212, there was a sword fight in the building of Samurai-dokoro (the Board of Retainers), triggered by a quarrel among gokenin who were on tonoi (guard), and some were killed.
- わざと修羅場を演じて源典侍を仰天させた二人は、調子に乗って掴み合いをするうちにぼろぼろになってしまう。
- They pretended to have a huge battle and startled Gen no Naishinosuke, but they got carried away by the fight and were exhausted.
- 讃岐典侍日記(さぬきのすけにっき)とは、平安時代後期に讃岐典侍藤原長子によって書かれた日記文学である。
- Sanukinosuke Nikki (The Diary of Sanukinosuke) is a piece of literature in the form of a diary, written by Sanuki no suke (her court name) FUJIWARA no Nagako during the late Heian period.
- なお、釈迦如来の両脇侍として、文殊菩薩・普賢菩薩ではなく、薬王菩薩・薬上菩薩を配することがまれにある。
- Rarely, Shakanyorai's attendants are Yakuo Bosatsu and Yakujo Bosatsu instead of Monju Bosatsu and Fugen Bosatsu.
- 宝冠に阿弥陀の化仏(けぶつ、小型の仏像)があることから、観音菩薩(阿弥陀仏の脇侍)であることがわかる。
- Because there is a Kebutsu (an artificial small sized statue of the Buddha) of Amida on her hokan (crown), this is identified as a Kannon Bosatsu (Kannon Buddhisattva, an attendant figure of the Amida Buddha).
- 武士の軍役としてもっとも古い形はこれらの領家への近侍や国衙への出仕における軍事的奉仕であったと思われる。
- The oldest style of military service imposed on samurai was supposed to have been military service when samurai served the lord of the manor as a retainer or presented himself for duty at the provincial government office.
- 1275年(日本の建治元年・元の至元十二年)、クビライは再び礼部侍郎杜世忠を正使とする使者を日本に送る。
- In 1275, Kublai sent envoys again to Japan, with assistant minister of rites Shizhong DU as chief envoy.
- 天皇が出御し、皇后をはじめ女御内侍司以下これに列し、女王は世をもって次とし、長幼にはよらず、幄座につく。
- Being attended by the Emperor and Empress, together with nyogo (Emperor's consorts) and naishi no tsukasa (female court attendants), the imperial princesses were seated at akuza (sitting places in a temporary house set in a ceremonial courtyard) in the order of generations, not of ages.
- 鉄砲組2…侍1人、奉公人4人、足軽36人、人夫11人、口取2人(計54人) 乗馬1頭、駄馬2頭(計3頭)
- Teppo gumi 2 - 1 samurai, 4 servants, 36 foot soldiers, 11 laborers, 2 kuchitori (total of 54), 1 cavalry horse and 2 packhorses (total of 3 horses).
- 鎌倉幕府において検断沙汰を所管したのは、東国については侍所、西国については六波羅探題の検断奉行であった。
- In the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), kendan-sata was under the jurisdiction of samurai-dokoro (the Board of Retainers) in Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly Kanto region), and in Saigoku (the western part of Japan), it was under the jurisdiction of kendan-bugyo (magistrate for trial) of Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency in Rokuhara, Kyoto).
- 以上の引付衆・問注所・侍所の所管地域は東国に限られており、西国については京の六波羅探題等が所管していた。
- The above mentioned Hikitsukeshu, Monchujo, and Samurai-dokoro handled cases that took place in Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly the Kanto region); Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency in Rokuhara, Kyoto) controlled cases that took place in Saigoku (the western part of Japan).
- 「莬玖波集」に入集しているほか、「文和千句」「紫野千句」「侍公周阿百番連歌合」などにも句が残されている。
- In addition to the poems of his in the 'Tsukuba shu,' his poetry was also included in the 'Bunwa senku' (One Thousand Verses from the Bunwa era), the 'Murasakino senku' (One Thousand Verses from Murasakino (the Purple Fields)), and the 'Jiko shua hyakuban renga awase' (The Jiko Shua's hundred-verse Renga contest).
- 4月、病で藤壺(23歳)が里下がりし、源氏は藤壺の侍女王命婦(おうのみょうぶ)の手引きで再会を果たした。
- In April, when Fujitsubo (23 years old) took a short leave because of her illness, Genji met her again through the introduction of O no Myobu, a maid of Fujitsubo.
- 日本では、勢至菩薩が単独で信仰の対象となることはきわめてまれで、多くは阿弥陀三尊の脇侍として造像された。
- In Japan, it is very rare for Seishi Bosatsu to be the sole target of religious attention, and is usually found as an attendant figure of Amida Sanzon.
- 播州三日月藩土から増上寺の寺侍となったが,素行不良のゆえに追放され、数学、書道の教授と易で生計を立てる。
- He was originally a feudal retainer of the Mikazuki Domain of Harima Province and later became terazamurai (samurai who performed administrative functions at temples) at Zojo-ji Temple, but was expelled as a result of his bad behavior, and ended up teaching mathematics and calligraphy, as well as practicing fortune-telling.
- 釈迦如来の脇侍は文殊菩薩・普賢菩薩とする場合が多いが、本図の脇侍菩薩は図像的に文殊・普賢とは思われない。
- Although the attendant figures of Shaka Nyorai (Buddha Shakyamuni) are commonly described as Monju Bosatsu (Manjusri) and Fugen Bosatsu; the attendant figures in this mural painting are unlike Monju and Fugen in their usual iconographic image depiction.
- 高詮の代に、京極氏は四職の一つとなり、以後の当主は江北、出雲、隠岐、飛騨を領し、侍所司を務める事となる。
- In the generation of Takaakira, the Kyogoku clan became one of the Shishiki, and thereafter the family head governed Gohoku, north of lake, Izumo, Oki, and Hida, and took the position of Samurai-dokoro no tsukasa.
- もともとは、名主などの有力百姓だった者が、守護大名や在地の国人領主などと主従関係を結び、侍身分を獲得した。
- Originally, powerful farmers such as Myoshu (officer of the field) made master-servant relationship with Shugo Daimyo (provincial governors) and Kokujin Ryoshu (local samurai governors) and achieved the position of samurai.
- 紀北の地侍たちは高野山や根来寺に坊院を建立し、子弟を出家させてその坊院の門主に送り込む行為を盛んに行った。
- Jizamurai (local samurai) in Kihoku (northern part of Wakayama Prefecture) had priest's houses built in the Koyasan Temple and the Negoro-ji Temple and actively made their children become priests and sent them to those chief priests.
- この戦いで紀伊の寺社・国人勢力はほぼ屈服・滅亡させられたが、各地の地侍はその後もしばしば蜂起を繰り返した。
- Most of the temple and kokujin power in Kii Province were yielded or subverted by this battle, but jizamurai in each place often started riots.
- 両脇侍像が跪座している点が特徴であり、勢至菩薩像内の銘文から久安4年(1148年)作であることが判明した。
- It features statues of wakiji (attendants statues) kneeling on both sides, and was identified as a creation of 1148 according to the inscription inside the statue of Seishi Bosatsu.
- 明治政府では参議・司法大輔・侍補を務め、明治4年(1871年)からは岩倉使節団の一員として欧米各国に渡る。
- He worked for the Meiji Government as a sangi (councillor), an officer in the Ministry of Justice, and an aide in the Imperial Household Department, and in 1871 travelled to the West as a member of the Iwakura Mission.
- その後、侍補からの要請に乗る形で自らが宮内卿に就任することで明治政府と天皇の一体化を行う構想を抱いていた。
- After that, he assumed the post of Secretary of the Imperial Household by the request of an aide and had a plan to integrate the Meiji government and the Emperor.
- 夕霧は娘の中で一番美人と誉れ高い藤典侍腹の六の君を、落葉の宮に預けて教養の豊かな女性に育てようとしている。
- Roku no Kimi, a daughter between Yugiri and To no Naishinosuke, was said the most beautiful woman of his daughters, so he tried to leave her with Ochiba no Miya in order to bring her up to an well-educated woman.
- しかし侍屋敷、侍町の佇まいを現在に伝える地域もあり、その一部は重要伝統的建造物群保存地区に選定されている。
- However, some Samurai Yashiki or Samurai-machi areas survive today in the form they once held, and some of them are designated as Important Preservation Districts for Groups of Historic Buildings.
- また、信長の六男織田信秀 (侍従)、七男織田信高、八男織田信吉といった多くの息子たちは秀吉の家臣となった。
- A lot of sons of Nobunaga, such as Nobuhide ODA (chamberlain), the sixth son, Nobutaka ODA, the seventh son, and Nobuyoshi ODA, the eighth son, became vassals of Hideyoshi.
- 地域社会においては国衙に君臨する受領が諸大夫身分であり、それに仕えて支配者層を形成したのが侍身分であった。
- In local societies, the zuryo who reigned in kokuga (provincial government office) was in the shodaibu status and those who served them and formed the dynasty were in the samurai status.
- 内訳…侍2人、奉公人5人、足軽16人、中間5人、人夫4人、口取1人(計33人) 乗馬1頭、駄馬1頭(計2頭)
- Breakdown - 2 samurai, 5 hokonin (servants), 16 foot soldiers, 5 chugen (soldiers one rank below common soldiers), 4 ninpu (laborers), 1 kuchitori (a person who leads the horse) (33 total), 1 cavalry horse and 1 packhorse (total of 2 horses).
- ただし国人・地侍等の既得権授益層の解体を意味するため、最終的に徹底しされるのは、豊臣秀吉の天下統一後である。
- However, as the measures meant to dissolve the classes such as kokujin (local lord) and jizamurai who had had vested interests, it was after the unification of the whole country by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI that heinobunri was thoroughly accomplished.
- 脇侍の観音菩薩は、宝冠の上に阿弥陀の化仏を表すし、勢至菩薩は水瓶を持つので、両脇侍は比較的区別がつけやすい。
- The Kannon's crown displays kebustu, a small image of Amida, while the Seishi has suihei, a small water bottle, so you can tell one from the other with ease relatively.
- 各地侍が勢力を保つため情報収集戦とゲリラ戦が日夜行われ、「忍術」が自然発生したのではないかと考えられている。
- It is considered that 'Ninjutsu' arose spontaneously in the condition that each jizamurai always fought an information war and a guerrilla war to maintain power.
- その後、当主は京極高光、京極持高、京極高数と続き、それぞれ侍所所司として室町時代に頻発した乱の鎮圧にあたる。
- Thereafter, Takamitsu KYOGOKU, Mochitaka KYOGOKU, and Takakazu KYOGOKU successively became the family heads, and they suppressed the frequently-occurring wars during the Muromachi period as Samurai-dokoro shoshi (Governor of the Board of Retainers).
- 「侍」は狭義の、つまり本来の武士であり、所領(知行)を持ち、戦のときは馬に乗る者で「御目見え」の資格を持つ。
- The 'samurai' were the original bushi in a narrow sense, had shoryo (chigyo [enfeoffment]) and when the war happened he rode on a horse and had the entitlement of 'omemie' ([the privilege to have] an audience [with one's lord, a dignitary, etc.]).
- お抱えは、一代限りの雇用の者だが、実際は世襲することも多く、軽輩の者が多いなかで、専門職で侍身分の者もいた。
- Okakae (retainer) was hired only in one generation, but in fact was often inherited, and among many of keihai some of them were professional and in the class of samurai.
- 内訳 鉄砲組1…侍1人、奉公人5人、足軽36人、人夫11人、口取2人(計55人) 乗馬1頭、駄馬2頭(計3頭)
- Breakdown of teppo gumi 1 - 1 samurai, 5 servants, 36 foot soldiers, 11 laborers, 2 kuchitori (total of 55), 1 cavalry horse and 2 packhorses (total of 3 horses).
- 「出生身分」とは「イヘ」の社会的格付けであり、公家に仕える下級貴族とその予備軍・侍階級とか言う場合に該当する。
- The 'birth rank' was a social rank of the 'house' and referred to lower class aristocrats and its supplying army and samurai class that served kuge (aristocrats).
- 出発しようとする維盛と日が悪いので忌むべきだという侍大将の藤原忠清で内輪もめとなり、結局出発は月末まで遅れた。
- There was an infighting between Koremori, who wanted to depart as soon as possible, and FUJIWARA no Tadakiyo, Samurai-daisho (the commander of warriors), who insisted that the date chosen for departure should be avoided as it was inauspicious, causing the departure to be delayed to the end of the month.
- 直政の武力・政治的手腕は、豊臣秀吉にも高く評価され、家康と秀吉が和解すると、従五位下侍従・兵部省に叙任される。
- His military and political ability was highly valued by even Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, and he was promoted to Jugoinoge Juji (Chamberlain at Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) of Hyobusho (ministry of the military), as Ieyasu reached a settlement with Hideyoshi.
- 小式部内侍(こしきぶのないし、長保元年(999年)頃 - 万寿2年(1025年)11月)は平安時代の女流歌人。
- Koshikibu no Naishi (ca. 999-November, 1025) was a female poet who lived during the Heian period.
- 頼朝は禍根を断つべく鎌倉にいた義高の殺害を決めるが、これを侍女達から漏れ聞いた大姫が義高を鎌倉から脱出させる。
- To remove this thorn in his side, Yoritomo decided to kill Yoshikata in Kamakura, but Ohime was told about his plan by her maid-in waiting, and she helped Yoshitaka to escape.
- 二人のほか百人一首には、和泉式部、大弐三位、赤染衛門、小式部内侍、伊勢大輔といった宮廷の才女の歌が載っている。
- Except for those women, 'Ogura Hyakunin Isshu' selects other highly talented female poets who served the court, such as Izumi Shikibu, Daini no Sanmi, Akazome Emon, Koshikibu no Naishi, and Ise no Osuke.
- 義種は小侍所の頭人に任じられるなど幕府の中枢で活躍し、また若狭、加賀の各守護にも補任される有力な大名であった。
- Yoshitane actively worked in the center of Bakufu like being appointed as the head of Kozamurai dokoro (an office of officers to guard Shogun in attendance), and was such an influential Daimyo as to be appointed as Shugo (provincial constable) of Wakasa Province and also Kaga Province.
- 侍(さむらい)は、古代から中世にかけての日本における官人の身分呼称、あるいはそこから発展的に生じた武士の別名。
- 'Samurai' is the positional title for officials in Japan from the ancient to middle ages, and an alternative name for 'bushi' (warrior) that was derived from the first meaning.
- それを察知した山縣は、明治天皇崩御(死去)直後の1912年8月に桂を内大臣兼侍従長に押し込めて政治的引退を図る。
- Swiftly detecting Katsura's attempt, Yamagata forced Katsura to hold the two honorary posts, the minister of palace and the grand chamberlain in August 1912, right after the demise of Emperor Meiji, trying to deprive Katsura of real political power.
- 同年6月12日、三国の調の儀式の儀式が行われ、皇極天皇が大極殿に出御し、古人大兄皇子が側に侍し、入鹿も入朝した。
- On June 12 of the same year, when Empress Kogyoku arrived at Daigokuden having Prince Furuhito no Oe guarding her close by, Iruka entered the Imperial Court where the ceremony of Sangoku no Shirabe took place.
- 備の証である大旗(幟、軍旗)とそれを率いる士大将の旗印、大馬印を持つ旗持足軽と馬印持足軽を旗奉行(侍)が率いる。
- Hata bugyo (a samurai) led the hatamochi ashigaru (banner-bearing foot soldiers) and umajirushimochi ashigaru (foot soldiers bearing umajirushi (the commander's battle standard)), who carried the ohata (large flag) (nobori (flag), gunki (war banner)) which was the proof of the sonae, the hatajirushi (flag emblem) of the samurai daisho (samurai general) leading the sonae, and the oumajirushi (large battle standard of the commander).
- 名主層の中には武士に対して軍役を果たすことで地侍となり、武士身分の一角に食い込む者も多く出るようになっていった。
- Some people in the myoshu class became jizamurai (local samurai) by doing military service as samurai, and this resulted in many myoshu people who made inroads into the samurai class.
- 光圀の侍医井上玄桐の記した『玄桐筆事』には生誕後間もない光圀と頼房が対面していることを伺わせる逸話を記している。
- Gento INOUE, Mitsukuni's physician described an episode in 'Gento Hitsuji,' suggesting that Yorifusa saw the new-born, Mitsukuni.
- このときの列席した侍従・少将の官位を持つ大名の中での席次は5番目であり、前田利家や豊臣秀勝、結城秀康らに次いだ。
- On this visit, his order of precedence was fifth among the lords who had the official rank of Jiju or Shosho (Major General) and was also after Toshiie MAEDA, Hidekatsu TOYOTOMI and Hideyasu YUKI.
- 西村兼文(新選組が屯所を置いた西本願寺の寺侍)の『新撰組始末記』では実行者は土方、沖田、山南、原田になっている。
- According to 'Shinsengumi Shimatsuki' by Kanefuji NISHIMURA (a samurai serving at Nishi Honganji-Temple where Shinsen-gumi placed their military post), the assassins were HIJIKATA, OKITA, YAMANAMI and HARADA.
- 教えられた通りワタツミ神の宮殿へ行き、そこで待っていると、海神の娘のトヨタマビメの侍女が水を汲みに外に出て来た。
- Hoori went to Watatsuminokami's palace as he was told, and when he was waiting there a female servant of the sea god's daughter, Toyotamabime, came out to get some water.
- 彼女が内侍司として出仕する直前に髭黒の妻となったことを惜しんで、譲位後に玉鬘の娘を妃に迎え寵愛した(「竹河」)。
- He regretted that she got married to Higekuro right before she served as Naishi no tsukasa (female palace attendants), so after his retirement, he took a daughter of Tamakazura as his wife and favored her. ('Takekawa' (Bamboo River))
- 壬生基義(もとよし)は、陸軍士官学校_(日本)を卒業後、陸軍軍人の道を歩み陸軍少将まで累進し、侍従武官も務めた。
- Motoyoshi MIBU became a soldier after graduating from military academy and was promoted to Major General in the army, and also served as a military attache to the palace.
- 襲撃に驚いた駕籠かきは遁走し、数名の供侍たちが駕籠を動かそうと試みたものの斬り付けられ、駕籠は雪の上に放置される。
- Surprised by the attack, the palanquin bearers ran away, and some of the samurai attendants, while trying to move the palanquin, were struck down, leaving the carriage unattended in the snow.
- 平安時代の諸大夫身分や侍身分の技能官人層は、摂関家などの上層貴族に名簿(みょうぶ)を捧げる等して主従関係を結んだ。
- In the Heian period, technical officers of shodaibu (aristocracy lower than kugyo) and samurai rank engaged master-subordinate relationships with upper nobles, such as sekkan-ke (the families that produced regents), by devoting myobu (identification), etc.
- そのため、宗氏は通交権益の知行化を通じて有力庶家の掌握や地侍の被官化を行い、領国支配を推し進めていた(宗氏領国)。
- Therefore, the So clan established their dominance over the territory by obtaining the revenue arose from the trade with Korea in order to have a command of influential families and place local samurai under the clan's order (this is called the Territory of the So clan).
- 光宗も父と同じく守仁親王(二条天皇)に近侍したと考えられ、平治元年(1159年)の平治の乱では父と行動を共にする。
- It is believed that Mitsumune, like his father, served as a trusted vassal of Imperial Prince Morihito (Emperor Nijo), and he and his father acted together when the Heiji War occurred in 1159.
- 直政の次男である直孝は唐梅院の侍女を母に産まれたとされるが、直政は直孝の誕生後、十年近くも対面しようとしなかった。
- Naotaka, Naomasa's second son, was born to a waiting woman of Tobaiin, however, Naomasa did not try to meet him for about 10 years after his birth.
- 源典侍のもとに泊まった夜、源氏は何者かの襲撃を受け太刀をとって応戦するが、掴み掛かってみると相手は頭中将であった。
- When Genji stayed overnight with Gen no Naishinosuke, he was attacked by somebody and took his sword to respond to the attack, but he made a grab at the man to find that it was Tono Chujo.
- 大宮 (源氏物語)が亡くなり、内侍司に任命された玉鬘 (源氏物語)は孫として喪に服しながら、出仕を思い悩んでいた。
- Omiya passed away, and Tamakazura, who had been appointed to Naishi no tsukasa (female palace attendant), was in mourning for her grandmother, and was worried about entering the service.
- 侍町とは、家臣の屋敷いわゆる武家屋敷が建ち並ぶ町であり、基本的には身分の高い家臣ほど、城に近い位置に屋敷を持った。
- Samurai towns were where the large estates of retainers, the so called Buke yashiki (samurai residence), were located and in general, retainers with higher position had a closer location to the castle.
- 京都の衣屋の子として生まれ、父に従い黄檗山に詣でていたが寛文7年、15歳で隠元の侍者であった月潭道澄の弟子となる。
- While he was born as the son of a clothing shop owner in Kyoto, and visited Mt. Obaku following his father, in 1667, at age 15, he became a disciple of Gettan Docho, an attendant of Ingen.
- 内侍2人が左右から被綿をわかち、和琴を弾くもの以下に、六位蔵人が御簾中からこれを伝取し、庭中でこれを被(かづ)く。
- Two naishi (ladies-in-waiting to the emperor) cooperatively divided the kisewata, and Rokui no Kurodo (the Chamberlain of Sixth Rank) received the divided kisewata from the naishi behind a bamboo blind, and gave it to the wagon (Japanese harp) players and others in the forecourt as a reward for their performance.
- 近侍の僧侶でも最上級のもののみを坊官と呼び、以下を諸大夫・北面・侍などと公家と同様の家臣形成をしていくようになる。
- Therefore, only the monks who served monzeki and were in the highest rank came to be called bokan and other lower rank monks came to be categorized into shodaibu, hokumen or samurai; such categorization formed a hierarchy similar to that of court nobles.
- 酒席に侍って各種の芸を披露し、座の取持ちを行う女子のことであり、江戸時代中期ごろから盛んになった職業の一つである。
- Geisha is one of professions that became popular in the mid Edo Period that refers to women serving at banquets performing their various arts and entertaining guests.
- 松平乗邑(のりさと)<従四位下。和泉守。侍従>【享保2年11月1日藩主就任-享保8年5月1日移封】〔大坂城代。老中
- Norisato MATSUDAIRA 'appointed as the lord of the domain on November 1, 1717 - transferred on May 1, 1723'[Osaka Jodai (Keeper of the Osaka Castle), Roju (Senior Councillor of the Tokugawa shogunate)]
- これによれば、宮人の准位が最も高いのは蔵司で、以下膳司、縫司、内侍司と続き、これが後宮十二司の位置付けにも影響した。
- According to this, the highest juni among kunin was Kura no tsukasa followed by Kashiwade no tsukasa, Mui no tsukasa and Naishi no tsukasa, which influenced grading of kokyu junishi.
- ところがこの文章の実際の執筆者が保守的な儒学者として知られていた侍補の元田永孚であることが分かると、伊藤は激怒した。
- However, Ito was enraged when he found out that the actual writer of the document was a jiho (Emperor's aide) Nagazane MOTODA who was well known as a conservative Confucianist.
- 当時の公家の日記『中右記』は「最下品の者が、第一国に任じられたのは院に近侍しているからだろう」との世評を載せている。
- 'Chuyu-ki', a diary written by a kuge (court noble) at that time, made reference to a rumor that 'the reason for someone with the rank of saigebon (the lowest rank in the nobility) being appointed to the position of Dai-ikkoku might be that he served the Cloistered Emperor closely.'
- 杉本氏からは、初代の鎌倉幕府侍所別当 和田義盛にはじまる和田氏が別れた他、杉浦氏、鮎川氏、走水氏などの庶流が別れた。
- From the Sugimoto clan, the Wada clan, which originated from Yoshimori WADA, Samuraidokoro Betto (an administrator of the Board of Retainers) of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), separated, and other branch families such as the Sugiura clan, as did the Ayukawa and Hashirimizu clans.
- 文応元年(1260年)、将軍の供奉などを務める小侍所へ入り、弘長元年(1261年)4月に安達義景の娘の覚山尼と結婚。
- In 1260, he joined the Kozamurai-dokoro, the office in charge of attending on a shogun, and in May 1261, married Kakusan-ni who was a daughter of Yoshikage ADACHI.
- 源氏が挙兵すると平家の侍大将となって一軍を率いて、平盛澄とともに、各地を転戦し、大江遠業、源義基、源義兼を討伐した。
- When the Minamoto clan raised an army, he became a Samurai-Daisho of the Taira family and led the army, taking part in various battles with TAIRA no Morizumi and killing OE no Tonari, MINAMOTO no Yoshimoto, and MINAMOTO no Yoshikane.
- 鎌倉時代には短垂髪といって、せいぜい腰の辺りまで垂らした髪を一つにまとめておく髪型が侍女などに行われるようになった。
- In the Kamakura period, women such as waiting maids had a hairstyle called mijira-suberakashi in which their hair was at up to waist length and was tied back in a ponytail.
- 2号壁と5号壁の両菩薩像については、日光・月光菩薩(薬師如来の脇侍)とする説、弥勒仏の両脇侍菩薩とする説などがある。
- Therea are some opinions regarding these two Bosatsu image of the wall No. 2 and the wall No. 5, including that they are Nikko Bosatsu (Bodhisattva of Sunlight) and Gakko Bosatsu (Bodhisattva of Moonlight, of the attendant figures of Yakushi Nyorai [the Healing Buddha]) respectively, or they are the attendant figures of Miroku Buddha.
- 皇后や皇太子は「青糸毛」、更衣 (女官)・典侍・内侍司などの上臈・小上臈・中臈の女房たちは「紫糸毛」に乗ったという。
- It is said that empresses and crown princes used 'ao-itoge' (carts with blue or green threads), and joro (high rank woman servant in the Imperial Court), kojoro (certain daughters or granddaughters of daijin (the Ministers of State), nagon (the Counselors), and sangi (the Consultants) and other kugyo (senior nobles)), and churo (the middle rank woman servant in the Imperial Court) of nyobo, such as ladies-in-waiting, assistant handmaids, ladies of the handmaid's office, and so on used 'murasaki-itoge' (carts with purple threads).
- 養女となり櫛笥家に仕えるなどの経緯をへて、十代のころには橘氏を名乗り「大江留子」として籌宮成子内親王の侍女となった。
- After those stories including being adopted to and served the Kushige family, she took the name of the Tachibana clan in her teens, then as 'Tomeko OE,' she became a lady in waiting of the Imperial Princess Kazunomiya Fusako.
- 当初は宣旨が下される際、その口宣を蔵人に伝える内侍をさしていたが、のちには宣旨の宣下に関係なく呼称されるようになった。
- Initially, it referred to Naishi who transmitted Kuzen to Kurodo (Chamberlain) when Senji was proclaimed, but later came to be called regardless of imperial proclamation of Senji.
- 文武に優れた梶原景時は鎌倉幕府侍所別当として御家人たちの行動に目を光らせ、勤務評定や取り締まりにあたる目付役であった。
- Kagetoki KAJIWARA, who was excellent both in literary and military arts, worked for the Kamakura bakufu as an administrator of the Board of Retainers while keeping an eye on the gokenins' activities for their performance review, as well as for law and order.
- 日本の中世期においては、幕府の地頭、御家人、その郎党といった正規の武士以外に地侍(土豪)、野伏、農民等も武装していた。
- In the medieval period of Japan, not only regular samurai who were jito (land steward appointed by the central military government to each of the estates [shoen] into which the countryside was divided), gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) and other roto (retainers) but also jizamurai (local samurai [or dogo: local ruling family]), nobushi (unofficial warrior hidden in a forest) and farmers were armed.
- 三千院境内にある往生極楽院の本尊で、阿弥陀如来像は来迎印を結び、観世音菩薩、勢至菩薩を脇侍とする阿弥陀三尊坐像である。
- This is the honzon within Sanzen-in Temple, and consists of three seated statues of Amida Sanzon (Amida Triad); Amida Nyorai pausing Raigo-in, Kanzeon Bosatsu and Seishi Bosatsu as the attendants of Amida Nyorai.
- 鳥取・大山寺 (鳥取県西伯郡大山町) 木造阿弥陀如来及び両脇侍像(重要文化財) 天承元年(1131年)良円 (仏師)作
- Wooden statue of Amida Nyorai and statues of ryowakiji, Daisen-ji Temple (Daisen-cho, Saihaku-gun, Tottori Prefecture), Tottori (an important cultural property) made by Ryoen (busshi - sculptor of Buddhist Statues) in 1131
- 治暦4年に従五位下に叙され、侍従・近衛府・右近権中将などを経て、承保2年(1075年)に白河天皇の蔵人頭に補任される。
- In 1068, he was made Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade), and subsequently was appointed to positions such as Jiju (Chamberlain), Konoefu (Division of Inner Palace Guards), and Ukongon Chusho (Provincial Guard of the right), and in 1075 was appointed Kuroudo-no To (Emperor's personal secretary) to Emperor Shirakawa.
- 天文19年(1550年)に第12代将軍・足利義晴臨終の際には枕元に侍り、後継者の足利義輝の補佐を遺言されたといわれる。
- It is said that in 1550 Sadataka attended the deathbed of the 12th Shogun Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA, who willed that Sadataka should assist the next Shogun Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA.
- 周防内侍(すおう の ないし、長暦元年(1037年)頃? - 天仁2年(1109年)頃?)は、平安時代後期の女流歌人。
- Suo no Naishi (c. 1037-1109) was a female waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables) poet during the late Heian Period.
- 一方で雅経は後鳥羽天皇に近侍し藤原定家などとともに「新古今和歌集」を撰進し、和歌と蹴鞠の師範の家としての基礎を築いた。
- On the other hand, Masatsune closely served the Emperor Gotoba and compiled 'Shinkokin Wakashu' (New Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) with FUJIWARA no Teika and others to tender it to the emperor, and thus he built the foundation of the family as the grand masters of waka and kemari.
- 長谷寺参詣の途上で偶然にも夕顔の侍女だった右近に再会、その紹介で源氏の邸宅・六条院に養女として引き取られる事となった。
- On her way to Hasedera Temple, she runs into Ukon, a woman who was once Yugao's maid, and through her good offices she is taken in to Rokujo-in Palace as an adopted daughter of Genji.
- ただし、『大日経疏』10に「次黒夜神真言。」「此即閻羅侍后也」などとあることから、密教では中夜を司り閻魔王の妃とする。
- However, according to the descriptions '次黒夜神真言' and '此即閻羅侍后也' in the tenth article of 'Dainichikyo-sho', she is considered to be Empress of Enma-o in midnight in Mikkyo (Esoteric Buddhism).
- また、一宮の生母である中納言典侍が皇子誕生以来体調を崩して実家に戻ったままになっていることも天皇の不満を抱かせていた。
- The Emperor was also dissatisfied with the absence of Chunagon Naishi, Ichinomiya's real mother, who had returned to her native home after the birth of the prince and remained there.
- 当日は季節外れの雪で視界は悪く、護衛の供侍たちは雨合羽を羽織り、刀の柄に袋をかけていたので、襲撃側には有利な状況だった。
- It was a day of unseasonable snow and poor visibility, so the samurai attendants were dressed in raincoats and had covers attached to the hilts of their swords, which was advantageous for the attackers.
- それは、承平天慶期の勲功者の子孫で侍身分の技能官人の家と認知され、武芸を家業としている郡司・富豪百姓・田堵負名らである。
- These certain individuals were gunji (district managers), wealthy farmers, and tato fumyo (cultivators/tax managers) who were descendants of Johei Tengyo kunkosha, samurais, family members of technical officers, and specialized in military arts as a family business.
- そのような中で大名たちは一族・更に家臣や周辺の国人領主や地侍たちを従えながら、彼らに対して惣領としての優位性を主張した。
- Under such circumstances, a daimyo subjected their families, vassals, Kokujin ryoshu (local samurai lords) and jizamurai (local samurai) of neighboring provinces to their rule and asserted their superiority as a soryo (heir).
- しかしながら、実際には、大奥の侍女のひとりが天ぷらを料理していて、火事を出しかけたために禁止されたというのが事実である。
- However, the fact was that the cooking was prohibited because a fire was likely to be caused when a female servant in O-koku (the inner halls of Edo-jo Castle where the wife of the Shogun and her servants reside) was cooking fried foods.
- 杉並区荻窪 (杉並区)の「荻外荘」(てきがいそう)は、元は大正天皇の侍医頭だった入澤達吉が所有していた郊外の別荘だった。
- Tekigaiso' located in Ogikubo, Suginami Ward (Suginami Ward) was originally the suburban second home of Tatsukichi IRISAWA, the head court physician of Emperor Taisho.
- 兄の朱雀帝即位後、その外戚である右大臣・弘徽殿女御派の圧力や尚侍となっていた朧月夜との醜聞もあって須磨、後に明石へ隠退。
- After his older brother Emperor Suzaku ascends the throne, he goes into voluntary seclusion at Suma, and then at Akashi, under pressure from the Udaijin (Minister of the Right) and Kokiden no nyogo (Empress Kokiden) group, who were maternal relatives of the emperor and due to the scandal about his relationship with Oborozukiyo, who had become Naishi no Kami (Principal Handmaid).
- 殿原衆(地侍)と全人衆(商工業者・周辺農民)からなる「堅田衆」による自治が行われており、「堅田湖族」とも呼ばれてもいた。
- In Katata, they governed themselves, by 'Katata-shu' (autonomous organization in Katata) composed of Tonobara-shu (a group of Jizamurai [local samurai]) and Zenjin-shu (a group of artisans, tradesmen and farmers) and they were also called 'Katata Kozoku' (autonomous organization in Katata).
- 天正13年(1585年)11月13日、家康に人質時代から近侍しており、岡崎城代であった石川数正が豊臣秀吉のもとに出奔した。
- In January 2, 1586, Kazumasa ISHIKAWA, Deputy Governor of Okazaki Castle, who had been an attendant to Ieyasu since the time when he was sold, fled to Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.
- 複数ある場合は本陣備は大名が、それ以外は大名の重臣(家老)がその任に就く(但し、抜擢人事により若手の侍が就く場合もある)。
- If there were multiple sonae, then the daimyo assumed the position in the army headquarters sonae, and the daimyo's senior vassals assumed the positions at the other sonae (however, depending on the personnel selection, young samurai could also assume such a position).
- 定子の母貴子は円融天皇朝に掌侍を勤めて高内侍と称された人で、女ながらに漢文を能くし、殿上の詩宴にもに招かれるほどであった。
- Teishi's mother, Kishi, served as Naishi no jo (looking after the sacred sword and jewels) of Emperor Enyu and was known as Ko no naishi due to her mastery of Classical Chinese, which was rare for a woman and led to her being invited to the poetry parties at the imperial palace.
- 姉兼子が堀河天皇の乳母であったことから、康和2年(1100年)堀河天皇に仕え、翌康和3年(1101年)に典侍に任じられた。
- Because her elder sister Kaneko was the wet nurse of the Emperor Horikawa, she started to serve for the Emperor Horikawa in 1100 and was appointed to Naishi no suke (a court lady of the first rank) in 1101.
- 悲嘆に暮れる源氏は、右大臣家の威勢に押されて鬱屈する日々の中、今は内侍司となった朧月夜_(源氏物語)と密かに逢瀬を重ねる。
- Genji, grieving about it, and during the depressing days due to being pushed by the power of the family of the Udaijin (Minister of the Right), he secretly has repeated affairs with Oborozukiyo (The Tale of Genji), who serves as Naishi no tsukasa (female palace attendant) then.
- 実麗の妹、観行院(つねこ、観行院)は、仁孝天皇に典侍として仕え、14代将軍徳川家茂に降嫁した和宮親子内親王の生母となった。
- Kangyoin (Tsuneko, Kangyoin), the younger sister of Saneakira, worked as a maid of honor to the Emperor Ninko, and gave birth to Imperial Princess Chikako KAZUNOMIYA who was married to Iemochi TOKUGAWA, the fourteenth Shogun.
- このことは、院政下で活躍した北面武士などもその名簿を参照すると、侍身分以外の僧侶・神官などが多数含まれている事でも分かる。
- This is clear in the name list of Hokumen no bushi (the Imperial Palace Guards for the north side), who were active under the cloister government, in which many Buddhist priests, Shinto priests, and others not of the samurai status were included.
- その夜のうちにニコライを見舞う予定であったが、ニコライ側の侍医の要請により翌日へ延期され、天皇はひとまず京都御所に宿泊した。
- The Emperor planned to visit Nicholas that night, but it was postponed to the next day on the request of Nicholas's doctor, and the Emperor stayed in the Kyoto Imperial Palace.
- 宮内省において明治天皇の補佐・指導を担当する侍補を中心とした宮中側と政策の実務を行う太政官の間で路線対立が生じたからである。
- The Imperial Household Ministry was divided by the difference in policy course into the Imperial Court side, centering on jiho (an aide) who assisted and provided directions to the Emperor Meiji, and Dajokan (Grand Council of State) side, who managed practical affairs.
- 戦いののち、菊の前を始めとする侍女たちの供養を、山の麓にあった関根村(現・栃木県矢板市大字山田小字関根)の人々が行っていた。
- After the Battle, the villagers of Sekine-mura, a village at the foot of the mountain (present Koaza Sekine, Oaza Yamada, Yaita City, Tochigi Prefecture), held a memorial service for Kikunomae and her lady attendants.
- 織田信孝の方が数日先に生まれたが、侍女が信長に出生を伝えるのが信雄の方が早かったために信雄は次男、信孝は三男とした説がある。
- Some say that Nobukatsu and Nobutaka ODA, who was born several days earlier, were deemed as second and third son, respectively, because the lady in waiting made notification of Nobukatsu's birth earlier than Nobutaka's birth.
- 薬師寺像のように、中尊を坐像、脇侍を立像とするのが一般的だが、法隆寺大講堂像のように、中尊、脇侍ともに坐像とする場合もある。
- Generally, Chuson was made as a sedentary statue and Kyoji were made as standing statues like the statues of Yakushi-ji Temple, but in some cases both Chuson and Kyoji were made as sedentary statues such as in the Daikodo Lecture Hall of Horyu-ji Temple.
- 「蝦」の種類は確認できないものの911年の『侍中群要』では摂津国と近江国の二カ国から貢上されており、宮中へも納められていた。
- Although the species of '蝦' (ebi) has not been confirmed, according to 'Jichu Gunyo' (Practices and Usage for Kurodo Chamberlain) in 911, '蝦' was donated from Settsu and Omi Province and delivered to the Imperial Palace.
- 向かって右の脇侍像(観音菩薩)は、世界文化遺産切手の図案にもなった著名なものだったが、顔の部分の絵具はほとんど失われている。
- The attendant image (Kannon Bosatsu) to the observers' right was a well-known image, which became the design for a World Cultural and Natural Heritage stamp, but the pigments comprising its face were almost lost.
- なおこのことから正成自身も忍者であったかのように言われることがあるが、正成自身はむしろ普通の戦働きでならした侍であったらしい。
- For this reason, Masanari is sometimes told as if he was Ninja himself, but Masanari rather seemed to be a warrior who showed a great performance in general battlefields.
- 時代が下って武士階層の裾野が広がり、侍身分より下の地侍なども武士の扱いを受けるようになると、侍は上層の武士を指すようになった。
- As time passed, the range of bushi class was expanded and jizamurai (local samurai) with positions lower than samurai were also considered bushi while the term samurai began to indicate upper class bushi.
- この地域には栗田氏や市川氏、屋代、小田切、島津などの小国人領主や地侍が分立していたが、徐々に村上氏の支配下に組み込まれていった。
- The Kurita clan, the Ichikawa clan, samurai owning small-sized land, such as Yashiro, Odagiri and Shimazu, and local samurai existed independently in this area, but they became to be integrated gradually into the control of the Murakami clan.
- その12日後、北条庶流を代表する一番引付頭人北条宗宣らが貞時の従兄弟で得宗家執事、越訴頭人、幕府侍所所司であった北条宗方を追討。
- Twelve days later, Munenori HOJO, the first head of the legal office representing the collateral line of the HOJO family, searched out and destroyed Munekata HOJO, a cousin of Sadatoki and an under secretary of the Tokuso family, the chief of suit, and Deputy Chief of the Office of Samurai; Board of Retainers of shogunate.
- 1310年(延慶 (日本)3)からは鎌倉幕府によって検断沙汰(刑事事件)として扱われ、侍所および六波羅探題検断方の所管となった。
- In 1310, such disputes were for the first time dealt with as kendan-sata (criminal cases) by the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and were under the control of Samurai-dokoro (the Board of Retainers) and Rokuhara Tandai (an administrative and judicial agency in Rokuhara, Kyoto) Kendangata (criminal justice).
- 合計…侍35人、奉公人112人、足軽141人、中間5人、人夫39人、口取22人(計354人) 乗馬32頭、駄馬22頭(計54頭)
- In total, there were 35 samurai, 112 servants, 141 foot soldiers, 5 chugen, 39 laborers, 22 kuchitori (total of 354), 32 cavalry horses and 22 packhorses (total of 54 horses).
- 父の親房は、後の「三房」の1人として後醍醐天皇に近侍し、1333年(元弘3年/正慶2年)から開始された建武の新政を補佐していた。
- His father, Chikafusa was a 'Sambo (one of three omniscients with fusa (房) character in their name),' served the Emperor Godaigo in later years, and assisted the 1333 Kenmu restoration.
- その後朧月夜 (源氏物語)が入内する予定だったが、これも源氏との密通により中断を余儀なくされ(その後朧月夜は尚侍として出仕)た。
- After that, Oborozukiyo (the misty moon) was scheduled to enter the Imperial court, but it was canceled due to her illicit intercourse with Genji (later Oborozukiyo served as Naishi no Kami (Principal Handmaid)).
- 侍が世の中の中心だった江戸時代、沢庵はおかずに欠かせない定番で、当時、侍に沢庵を一切れ、もしくは三切れだけ出すのはタブーだった。
- In the Edo Period, when the world revolved around samurai takuan was an essential old standby side dish but it was a taboo to serve samurai either one piece or three pieces of takuan in those days.
- 一 奉公人侍中間小者あらし子に至迄 去七月奥州へ御出勢より以来 新儀に町人百姓に成者於在之者 其町中地下人として相改一切置へからす
- First, townspeople and farmers have to investigate if there is anyone who was in military service (from hokonin [those who served Hideyoshi], samurai, chugen and komono to arashigo [servants for miscellaneous chores]) and changed his status to townsman or farmer after the Oshu expedition that was carried out in the seventh month of last year, and if such people are founded, they must be deported.
- 「十二司」という名のとおり、内侍司・蔵司・書司・薬司・兵司・闡司・殿司・掃司・水司・膳司・酒司・縫司の12官司より構成されている。
- As the term 'junishi (twelve offices)' suggests, the Kokyu junishi consisted of twelve offices including Naishi no tsukasa (Female Palace Attendants Office), Kura no tsukasa (Office concerned about clothes of Emperor and Empress), Fumi no tsukasa (Book and Writing Materials Office), Kusuri no tsukasa (Medical Office), Suwamono no tsukasa (Military Equipment Office), Mikado no tsukasa (Emperor Attendants Office), Tonomo no tsukasa (Housekeeping Branch of the Imperial Household Ministry), Kamori no tsukasa (Housekeeping Office), Mondo no tsukasa (Water Office), Kashiwade no tsukasa (Table Office), Sake no tsukasa (Sake Office) and Nui no tsukasa (Sewing Office).
- 従五位上民部大輔春宮亮平経方の娘とも、藤原師長の娘である堀河院御乳母典侍紀伊三位師子と同一人物ともいわれており父親は定かではない。
- She is said to have been the daughter of TAIRA no Tsunekata, Jugoinojo (Junior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade), Minbu taifu (Senior Assistant Minister of Popular Affairs), Togu no suke (Assistant Master in the Crown Prince's Quarters), or even the very same woman as 堀河院御乳母典侍紀伊三位師子 who was the daughter of FUJIWARA no Moronaga, but her real father is still unknown.
- 永平寺の住職となった後も道元の侍者であるとの姿勢を終生変えず、道元の霊廟の脇に居室を建て、道元の頂相に生前同様に仕えたといわれる。
- Even after assuming the position of the chief priest of Eihei-ji Temple, Ejo is said to have kept the attitude of being an attendant of Dogen throughout his life, built his residence next to the mausoleum of Dogen and served Dogen's effigy in the same manner as he had done while Dogen had been alive.
- 稲葉正邦(まさくに)<従四位下。民部大輔。侍従>【嘉永元年11月24日藩主就任-明治4年7月20日藩知事免官】〔京都所司代。老中〕
- Masakuni INABA 'appointed as the lord of the domain on November 24,1848 - dismissed as Governor of the domain on July 20, 1871'[Kyoto Shoshidai (the shogunate's military governor stationed in Kyoto), Roju (Senior Councillor of the Tokugawa shogunate)]
- それ以降子に恵まれなかったため、天保6年(1835年)、典侍正親町雅子所生の第四皇子熙宮(統仁親王、のちの孝明天皇)を養子とした。
- After that, Yasuko was not blessed with a newborn and so, in 1835, she adopted the fourth Prince Hironomiya (the Imperial Prince Osahito, later the Emperor Komei), who was the birth child of Naishi no suke (a court lady of the first rank) Naoko OGIMACHI.
- つまり、最初は武士のみならず、明法家などの他の中下級技能官人も「侍」とされたのであり、そこに武人を意味する要素はなかったのである。
- In other words, the word 'saburafu' originally included the nuance of not only 'bushi' but also other low- to middle-ranking ginou kanjin such as myoboke (legal experts), so it did not have the connotation of warrior or soldier.
- 地侍層は、戦国大名や国人領主から加地子(地代=中間得分)の徴収権を保証される代わりに、家臣となり、戦時には軍役を果たす義務を負った。
- Ji-zamurai undertook obligations of serving as a part of military at the time of war in return for the privilege to collect Kajishi (intermediate taxes) guaranteed by Sengoku Daimyo and Kokujin Ryoshu.
- 雑賀荘は上方勢により占領されたが、太田左近宗正を大将になおも地侍ら五千人が日前国懸神宮にほど近い宮郷の太田城 (紀伊国)に籠城した。
- After Saigaso was occupied by the Kamigata army, 5,000 people including jizamurai led by Sakon Munemasa OTA held Ota-jo Castle (Kii Province) at miyago which was near the Hinokuma Kunikakasu-jingu Shrine.
- あまりな醜聞暴露に恐れをなしたためか、孝謙天皇称徳天皇と道鏡、宇多天皇と藤原褒子、花山天皇と馬内侍らの淫猥な説話を削った略本もある。
- Perhaps wary of causing scandals, there exists an abridged version which removed obscene stories about the Empress Koken (later enthroned again as the Empress Shotoku) and the monk Dokyo, the Emperor Uda and FUJIWARA no Hoshi, and the Emperor Kazan and Uma no naishi.
- 伊賀国では、藤林氏・百地氏・服部氏の上忍三家が他の地侍を支配下に、最終的に合議制を敷いて、戦国大名に支配されない地域を形成していた。
- In Iga Province, three families of Jonin, the Fujibayashi clan, the Momochi clan and the Hattori clan controlled other jizamurai and adopted collegial system to form the area not controlled by daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) in the Sengoku Period.
- 秀吉は忠実な天皇の侍大将として信長より前の室町幕府武家政権としての成果と文書体系をも覆し天皇にひれ伏した。(「武家と天皇」今谷 明)
- Hideyoshi reversed the achievement and document architecture of the military government in the Muromachi bakufu, which was even before the era of Nobunaga, and groveled at the Emperor's feet as a loyal samurai general of the Emperor ('Buke to Tenno'(the Emperor and the Samurai) by Akira IMATANI).
- 発給手続きは、天皇が内侍司に伝え、そこから蔵人頭に、蔵人頭から担当上卿に上卿から外記局、弁官、内記局などに伝えられて初めて発給された。
- Senji was issued only after the processes of transmission from the emperor to Naikikyoku (Secretaries' Office of the Central Affairs), via Naishi no tsukasa (female palace attendants), Kurodo no to (Head Chamberlain), Shokei (court nobles who work at Imperial Court as high rank post) in charge, Gekikyoku (Secretaries' Office of the Council of State) and Benkan.
- まもなく伊藤は侍補の廃止を決断する一方、高まる自由民権運動に対抗するために道徳教育の強化には同意して政府の教育政策の継続が認められた。
- Soon Ito decided to abolish the role of jiho but agreed to strengthen moral education to hold out against the Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right) and decided to allow the continuation of the government's education policy.
- さらに同年、能登国の地侍が景勝の扇動により蜂起して荒山城に籠城した際、前田利家の要請に応じて救援し、城の後詰に来ていた上杉軍を討った。
- In the same year, when local samurais of Noto Province staged an uprising and held up fighting in Arayama Castle by the instigation of Kagekatsu, Morimasa headed for a rescue in response to a demand by Toshiie MAEDA and beat the Uesugi army stationed at the back of the castle.
- この公相君とは、1756年に訪れた冊封使節の中の侍従武官だったのでないかと見られており、空手の起源をこの公相君の来琉に求める説もある。
- It is considered that Koshokun was a military attaché to the Chinese palace who visited the Ryukyu Kingdom as one of the Sakuho Shisetsu (entourage of Chinese diplomats for the creation of peerage) in 1756, and there is a theory that the beginning of karate can be traced to this visit by Koshokun to the Ryukyu Kingdom.
- 他の日記には、女流作家による『成尋阿闍梨母集』(成尋阿闍梨母)、『讃岐典侍日記』(藤原長子)、男性による『厳島御幸記』(源通親)がある。
- Apart from Sarashina Nikki, 'Jojin Ajari no haha no shu' (A collection of poems by mother of Jojin Ajari) written by a female author (the mother of Jojin Ajari), 'Sanukinosuke Nikki' (the Diary of Sanukinosuke) (by FUJIWARA no Nagako), 'Takakurain in Itsukushima Gyoko ki' (The record of the visit of a retired Emperor Takakura to Itsukushima) (by a male author, MINAMOTO no Michichika) are famous examples as well.
- 鏡面にタガネで千手観音の立像と侍立する眷属を彫り、背面には中央に宝相華文、四方に蝶や鳥を配した図柄の八稜鏡であり、国宝に指定されている。
- It is a hachiryokyo (eight-lobed bronze mirror) and designated as a national treasure; the standing statue of Senju Kannon with kenzoku (one's family and relations) are carved with tagane (chisel) on the mirror side, and on the back side of the mirror, Hosoge-mon (flower motif) is carved in the center as well as butterflies and birds in four directions.
- 『平治物語』では重盛は動揺する父を励ましたとするが、『愚管抄』によれば清盛と一緒にいたのは基盛・宗盛と侍15人で、重盛は同道していない。
- 'The Tale of Heiji' told of Shigemori comforting his upset father, but according to the 'Gukansho' (Jottings of a Fool), Kiyomori was with Motomori, Munemori, and 15 samurai, and Shigemori was present.
- その後、狩野宗茂に預けられたが、頼朝は重衡の器量に感心して厚遇し、妻の北条政子などは重衡をもてなすために侍女の千手の前を差し出している。
- Later, Shigehira was taken into the care of Munemochi KANO; Yoritomo recognized him by his capability and showed great hospitality to him, and Yoritomo's wife, Masako HOJO offered her maid, Senju no mae to entertain Shigehira.
- 若くして伊賀国上野の侍大将・藤堂良清の嗣子・主計藤堂良忠(俳号は蝉吟)に仕え、2歳年上の良忠とともに北村季吟に師事して俳諧の道に入った。
- At a young age, he served shukei (budget bureau) Yoshitada TODO (his haigo was Sengin), who was an heir of Yoshikiyo TODO, a Samurai-Daisho (commander of warriors) of Ueno in Iga Province, and studied under Kigin KITAMURA to start learning haikai with Yoshitada, who was two years older.
- 片膝を立て、両手で蓮台(亡者を迎え取るためのもの)を捧げる観音像で、もとは単独像でなく阿弥陀三尊像の脇侍として作られたものと推定される。
- It is a Kannon-zo (statue of the Kannon) that raises its knee and offers a lotus pedestal (to receive restless spirits) in its hands, and it's believed that it wasn't a single statue but made as a kyoji (attendant figure) of Amida Sanzon-zo (the image [figure, statue] of the Amida Triad).
- 広野の子(当道が広野の子なら当道の兄)の坂上峯雄は侍従として都にあったが、孫の坂上峯盆も曾孫の坂上行松も東北経営と都での任に就いている。
- SAKANOUE no Mineo, the son of Hirono (if Masamichi was the son of Hirono, Mineo could have been the elder brother of Masamichi), was in the capital where he served as jiju (Imperial Household Agency staff), then SAKANOUE no 峯盆, the grandson of Hirono, and SAKANOUE no Yukimatsu, the great-grandson of Hirono, was also in charge of operating Tohoku district and serving in the capital.
- 正徳は江戸時代の6代将軍徳川家宣・7代徳川家継の治世の年号で、主に将軍侍講(政治顧問)の新井白石と側用人の間部詮房らが実際の政権を担った。
- Shotoku is the name of an era ruled by the sixth shogun Ienobu TOKUGAWA and the seventh shogun Ietsugu TOGUGAWA when mainly Hakuseki ARAI, the shogun's teacher and Akifusa MANABE, the lord chamberlain took the reins of government.
- 替わって諸大夫と青侍を主体に構成される(前者が置けたのは摂関家などの上流公家に限られる)家僕(かぼく)によって家政が運営されるようになる。
- Instead, household management came to be operated by Kaboku (servant) mainly consisting of Shodaibu and Aosamurai (the former was only placed in the upper class Court nobles such as the Sekkan-ke).
- ただし、日本では「士」は「侍」に置き換えられ、工と商に区別はなく一括して町人と認識されており、百姓(農)と「町人」との間に序列はなかった。
- In Japan, shi '士' (government official) was replaced with '侍' (samurai or warriors), ko (artisans) and sho (merchants) were collectively recognized as townsman without being differentiated, and no order existed between peasants (no) and the 'townsmen.'
- 翌20年(1615年)4月、大坂夏の陣の勃発に伴い、日高・有田・名草郡の地侍が浅野長晟が留守の和歌山城を狙って蜂起したが、再度鎮圧された。
- In April of the following year, 1615, jizamurai in Hidaka, Arida and Nagusa Counties rose to riot, targeting the Wakayama-jo Castle from which Nagaakira ASANO left, in accordance with the outbreak of Osaka Natsu no Jin (Summer Siege of Osaka), but they were suppressed again.
- 「行く野・生野」「文・踏み」の巧みな掛詞を使用したその当意即妙の受け答えが高く評価され、以後小式部内侍の歌人としての名声は高まったという。
- Her witty reply poem using plays on words such as 'ikuno' (literally a field to go, and Ikuno, the place-name) and 'fumi' (literally a letter, and to step) was set at a high value, and since then she had gained in her reputation as a poet.
- 古人大兄皇子は皇極天皇の側に侍していたが、その儀式の最中、異母弟・中大兄皇子(後の天智天皇)、藤原鎌足らが蘇我入鹿を暗殺する事件が起きた。
- Furuhito no Oe no Miko was next to Empress Kogyoku during that ceremony, during which time younger paternal brother, Naka no Oe no Oji (later Emperor Tenchi) and FUJIWARA no Kamatari killed SOGA no Iruka.
- 「サブラフ」は「侍」の訓としても使用されていることからもわかるように、平安時代にはもっぱら貴人の側にお仕えするという意味で使用されていた。
- 'mandafu' was used to read the character '侍,' indicating that it was used as a word to indicate service to a nobleman.
- この間の彼女を支えたのは、光秀が玉の結婚する時に付けた小侍従や、細川家の親戚筋にあたる清原家の清原いと(公家清原枝賢の娘)らの侍女達だった。
- During that period, Tama was waited upon by Kojiu (chamberlain), whom Mitsuhide had made escort Tama when she got married, and by the maids of Ito KIYOHARA (daughter of a noble Shigekata KIYOHARA) of the Kiyohara family, who were relatives of the Hosokawa family.
- 重盛が侍賢門、頼盛が郁方門を攻撃し、敗走したみせかけて源氏を内裏からおびき出し、その間に内応者に陽明門を開けさせて内裏を占領する働きをした。
- 重盛が侍賢門、頼盛が郁方門を攻撃し、敗走したとみせかけて源氏を内裏からおびき出し、その間に内応者に陽明門を開けさせて内裏を占領する働きをした。While Shigemori attacked the Jiken-mon Gate and Yorimori the Yuho-mon Gate, Norimori acted as a decoy by feignting that he was fleeing in retreat, drawing the troops of the Minamoto clan from the Imperial palace, after which he had his man on the inside open the Yomei-mon Gate and took possession of the Imperial palace.
- 当時、小式部内侍の歌は母が代作しているという噂があったため、四条中納言は小式部内侍をからかったのだが、小式部内侍は見事な歌で答えたのだった。
- In those days, there was a rumor that the poems by Koshikibu no Naishi were in fact composed by her mother, so Shijo Chunagon made fun of Koshikibu no Naishi, but she replied to him with an excellent poem.
- しかし、羽林家が近衛府等の武官職系を経て大納言に進むのに対し、侍従・弁官(蔵人・蔵人頭を兼任)等の文官・事務系職を経て中納言・大納言に進む。
- However, in the case of the House of Urin, one was promoted to Dainagon after the posts of military officers such as Konoefu (the Headquarters of the Inner Palace Guards), while in the case of Meike, one was promoted to Chunagon (vice-councilor of state) and Dainagon after the posts of civil officers and administrative officers such as jiju (a chamberlain) and benkan (a controller of the Oversight Department) (also served as kurodo (chamberlain) and Kurodo no to (Head Chamberlain) at the same time).
- 藩は、守護大名が荘園を解体し、各農村に所領を持つ国人級の武士や、武士化した名主層(地侍)を被官化し、一円的領域支配を築いていったことに始まる。
- Han started when shugo daimyo (Japanese territorial lords) dismantled manors and employed local lords-grade samurai who had owned a territory in each farming village and the village headmen who had become local samurai as their vassals, firmly building a system to rule the whole region in their territory.
- 朝廷内で皇帝に侍る史官が、皇帝および国家の重大事を記録する「起居注」を蓄積し、皇帝が崩御すると、代ごとに起居注をまとめた「実録」が編纂される。
- The chroniclers serving the emperor at court would store up those of the 'collected sayings' of the emperor that touched on matters of critical importance to the emperor or the state, and then for each generation, after the emperor passed away, they would compile and edit a 'veritable record', which contained his collected sayings.
- 甲賀五十三家(こうがごじゅうさんけ)は、「鈎の陣」にて六角氏に味方した甲賀の地侍五十三家のことであり、後の甲賀流忍術の中心となった家々である。
- Koka fifty-three families refers to jizamurai (local samurai) fifty-three families in Koka, who stood by Rokkaku clan's side in 'Siege of Magari,' who later became the center families of Koga-ryu school ninjutsu (ninja techniques).
- 鎌倉期守護は、侍所などの監督下で刈田狼藉の検断を実施してきたが、室町期守護は自らの権能として刈田狼藉の検断を実施することができるようになった。
- While shugo in the Kamakura period were involved in the kendan (trials) of karita-rozeki under the supervision of Samurai-dokoro, shugo in the Muromachi period actually exercised their own authority when hearing karita-rozeki cases.
- 兵卒の身分は依然として武士と農民の間に位置して低かったが、功を認められれば侍や特異な例ではあるが豊臣秀吉のように大名にまで出世する者もあった。
- The low status held by ashigaru was intermediate between that of samurai and peasants but there were those such as Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI whose abilities were recognized and who rose to the rank of daimyo (feudal lord), although it was a peculiar case.
- 村山たか、とする資料もある)の子で、鹿苑寺(金閣寺)の寺侍であったが、やはり長野と共に安政の大獄において志士弾圧に加わったとして標的にされた。
- Some documents describe her as Taka MURAYAMA), who was a mistress of Shuzen NAGANO, and he was a terazamurai (samurai who performed administrative functions at temples) at Rokuon-ji Temple (Kinkaku-ji Temple), but was made a target since he also took part in the suppression of patriots during Ansei no Taigoku.
- 一方、一方系諸本は壇ノ浦の戦いで海に身を投げながら助けられ、出家した平徳子による念仏三昧の後日談や侍女の悲恋の物語である「灌頂巻」を特立する。
- Meanwhile, the books of the Ichikata version contains 'Kanjo no maki' (the Initiate's Chapter), a tragic love story of a waiting woman, and a sequel to the story in which TAIRA no Tokuko, who was saved after she threw herself into the ocean in the Battle of Dannoura, became a nun and was leading a life devoted to praying to Buddha.
- 弘仁元年(810年)に嵯峨天皇が即位した際には侍読となるなど漢詩に優れ、同5年(814年)に成立した勅撰漢詩集である『凌雲集』の編纂に携わる。
- He was so well versed in Chinese poem that in 810 he became a tutor to Emperor Saga upon the enthronement and took part in compiling an imperial anthology of Chinese poems 'Ryounshu' completed in 814.
- 成り立ちは、幕末~明治初期、薩長の田舎侍が我が物顔で江戸を闊歩していることが気に食わず、江戸っ子の心意気を誇張して魅せるために作ったとされる。
- It is said that the story was created to express the sprit of a native of Edo in an exaggerated way as the author didn't like country samurai from Saccho (Satsuma Domain and Choshu Domain), who walked around like they owned the world, from the end of Edo period through until the early Meiji period.
- 桑名藩所伝覚書では「上杉弾正(上杉綱憲)から吉良佐平(吉良義周)様へ御付人の儀侍分の者四十人程。雑兵百八十人程参り居り申し候よし」と記してある。
- In the Kuwana domain's memorandum, it is said that 'about 40 loyal retainers and 180 low ranking soldiers were sent by Danjo UESUGI (Tsunanori UESUGI) to Sahei KIRA (Yoshimasa KIRA).'
- 『幼学綱要』(ようがくこうよう)とは、明治天皇の勅令を受けた侍講元田永孚によって編纂され、1882年12月2日に宮内省より頒布された勅撰修身書。
- 'Yogaku Koyo' (Principles of Early Education) is the 'shushin' (moral education) book compiled by Nagazane Motoda, lecturer in the Imperial Household, under the command of Meiji Emperor and distributed by the Department of the Imperial Household on December 2, in 1882.
- その12日後、引付衆一番頭人で寄合衆と思われる北条宗宣らが貞時の従兄弟で得宗家執事、越訴頭人、幕府侍所所司で寄合衆と思われる北条宗方を追討した。
- In twelve days after that, Munenobu HOJO, who was considered the chief of Hikitsukeshu (coadjustors of the high court) as well as a Yoriaishu member (a member of the top decision making organ), and others chased Munekata HOJO, a male cousin of Sadatoki, who was considered chamberlain of the Tokuso family, and a Yoriaishu member as well as Ossotonin (the head of legal institutions of Kamakura bakufu and Muromachi bakufu) and Samurai-dokoro shoshi (Governor of the Board of Retainers).
- 8月16日、井ノ松原(現海南市)において鈴木孫一らの雑賀衆は日高郡の国人・地侍の応援を得て南郷の土豪稲井秀次・岡本弥助らと戦い、これを撃破した。
- On October 7, the Saiga shu including Magoichi SUZUKI fought with the local clan of Nango such as Hidetsugu INAI and Yasuke OKAMOTO at Inomatsubara (Kainan City at present), helped by kokujin and jizamurai in the Hidaka County, and defeated them.
- しかし平山武者所季重も熊谷次郎直実も主人を持たない独立した武者であり、平山季重は武者所を名乗るように朝廷や公卿に仕える「侍」であり武官であった。
- However, HIRAYAMA no Mushadokoro Sueshige (Sueshige HIRAYAMA of Mushadokoro - place where Samurai guards of the Imperial Palace are staffed) and Kumatanijiro Naozane KUMAGAI, were masterless independent busha, but Sueshige HIRAYAMA was a 'samurai' and military officer that served the imperial court and kugyo as he called himself as mushadokoro.
- 文政9年(1826年)に京都所司代となって侍従・越前守に昇叙し、文政11年(1828年)に西の丸老中となって将軍世子・徳川家慶の補佐役を務めた。
- He was promoted again to Kyoto shoshidai (The Kyoto deputy) and was conferred the title of jiju (Imperial Household Agency staff) and Echizen no kami (Governor of Echizen Province) in 1826, followed by a further promotion in 1828 to roju (member of shogun's council of elders) of Nishinomaru Goten Palace to support Ieyoshi TOKUGAWA, a shogunal heir.
- 結婚後の夫婦仲は円満で子も多く、雲居の雁以外の夫人は妾の藤典侍(源氏の側近惟光の娘)の一人だけという一夫多妻制の当時では珍しい生真面目さだった。
- After their marriage, they are living in perfect harmony and have many children, moreover, Yugiri is deeply sincere and has only one concubine, To no Naishinosuke (a daughter of Genji's close retainer, Koremitsu), which was unusual in the period of polygynous practices.
- 中尊は坐像、脇侍は跪坐とするものは来迎形式の阿弥陀三尊像であり、この場合、左脇侍の観音菩薩は往生者を迎え取るための蓮台を捧げ持つのが普通である。
- The triad with Amida seated at the center and the other two kneeling down on both sides is a form of Raigo, which means inviting the dead spirits to heaven. The left Bodhisattvas Kannon in this triad usually has a rendai, a lotus-flower-shaped pedestal to carry the dead.
- 皇室用財産は国有財産であり、宮内庁の各部局(宮内庁長官官房、宮内庁侍従職、宮内庁書陵部、三の丸尚蔵館、宮内庁京都事務所、正倉院事務所が管理する。
- The Grand Steward's Secretariat, Imperial Household Agency, the Board of Chamberlains of the Imperial Household Agency, Imperial Household Archives, The Museum of the Imperial Collections ('Sannnomaru Shozokan' in Japanese), the Imperial Household Agency Kyoto Office and the Shosoin Office administer the imperial properties, which the nation owns.
- - 清少納言は『枕草子』のなかで「いと執念き御もののけに侍るめり」と記し、紫式部も「御もののけのいみじうこはきなりけり」という記述を残している。
- In 'Makura no Soshi' (The Pillow Book), Seishonagon wrote, 'It is a very vindictive mononoke,' and Murasakishikibu also left a statement, 'The mononoke became too terrible.'
- 特に直垂は幕府より屋形を許された足利一門や守護や国人の家臣に限り、侍烏帽子と直垂の着用が許されており、直垂の着用に制限が出来たのもこの頃である。
- Especially for hitatare, only the Ashikaga clan, military governors, and retainers of provincial lords granted yakata (an honorific title) by bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) were permitted to wear it, and they were allowed to wear the lacquered hat of samurai with hitatare, and this was the period when there were restrictions on the wearing of hitatare.
- その養子となった吉田兼倶の子清原宣賢(きよはらのぶかた)(正三位・侍従・少納言)(1457年 - 1550年)は明経道を研究整理してとり纏めた。
- His adopted son, Nobukata KIYOHARA, Shosanmi, jiju, Shonagon (1457 - 1550), was the son of Kanetomo YOSHIDA, and he studied, organized and summarized the myogyodo.
- 昭和期の当主、醍醐忠重は、海軍に入り海軍中将にまで進み、侍従武官、第5潜水艦隊司令官、第6艦隊司令長官などを歴任するが、戦後、戦犯に指定される。
- Tadashige DAIGO, who was the family head during the Showa Period, joined the navy and was promoted to vice admiral, filling various post including military attaché to the palace, commander of the Fifth Submarine Fleet, commander-in-chief of the Sixth Fleet, but he was designated a war criminal after the war.
- 武芸の実務、技能官人たる武士もこの両身分にまたがっており、在京の清和源氏や桓武平氏などの軍事貴族が諸大夫身分、大多数の在地武士が侍身分であった。
- Technical officers who did the practical work of military art were divided into these two statuses and the military aristocracies such as Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan) or Kanmu-Heishi (Taira clan) and so on, who were staying in Kyoto, were in the shodaibu status and the majority of local bushi were in the samurai status.
- 近習…山吉盛侍(30石5人扶持)・永松九郎兵衛(7両3人扶持)・新貝安村(6両)・天野貞之進(6両)・鈴木浅右衛門(5両)・高橋治右衛門(10両)
- Kinju (attendants) - Morihito YAMAYOSHI (30 koku with salary for 5 servants), Kurobe NAGAMATSU (7 ryo with salary for 3 servants), Yasumura SHINGAI (6 ryo), Sadanoshin AMANO (6 ryo), Asaemon SUZUKI (5 ryo), Jiemon TAKAHASHI (10 ryo)
- 「○○大将」「○○奉行」「組頭」「番頭」「物頭」(○○には士、侍、足軽、鉄砲、槍、弓等が入る)…備の指揮官やその指揮下にある各部隊の指揮官を指す。
- Such and such daisho' (general), 'such and such bugyo,' 'kumigashira' (captain), 'ban gashira' (head of a group) 'mono gashira' (military commander) ('such and such' is replaced by samurai, samurai, ashigaru, teppo, yari, yumi, and so on) refer to commanders of the sonae or the captains of various troops under the commanders.
- 新しい服をあまり買わず、洗濯して使っていたため、洗濯させられる侍女から新しい服を着てほしいと苦情が出たとき、天下のため倹約するのだと逆に説教した。
- His clothes were washed frequently because he rarely bought new clothes, and when the female servant, who had been forced to wash them, complained that she wanted Ieyasu to buy new clothes, he told her in an admonishing tone that he saved money for the nation.
- 「侍」という漢字には、元来 「貴族のそばで仕えて仕事をする」という意味があるが、武士に類する武芸を家芸とする技能官人を意味するのは日本だけである。
- The kanji (Chinese character) '侍' originally meant 'to be on hand to work for and serve an aristocrat,' and only in Japan is the word used to refer to ginou kanjin (culturally and academically accomplished palace officials) with military skills who belonged to the bushi class.
- ほぼ同時に宮中の改革も行われ、旧来の宮中職や女官は廃され、士族を中心とした侍従らが明治天皇を武断的な改革君主にふさわしい天皇に養育することとなった。
- The reform of the Imperial court was implemented at almost the same time, and in this reform, a number of positions from the former imperial court, including court ladies, were abolished, and palace staff mainly consisting of 'warrior class' educated Emperor Meiji so he could become fit for the role of a militaristic reform leader.
- 侍女のまろやの案内で行ったそこは、夢と様子の違うことのない立派な屋敷で、豊雄は怪しんだけれど、それも一瞬のこと、豊雄は真女児と楽しいひと時を過ごした。
- A servant girl, Maroya, leads him to the splendid house that is exactly what he saw in his dream, and he has a fun time with Manago, although he wonders about it only for a second.
- 奈良時代末期に入ると、天皇と後宮あるいは男性官人との連絡係を務める内侍司の地位が、三種の神器を保管する十二司筆頭の蔵司と同格として扱われるようになる。
- In the late Nara period, the position of Naishi no tsukasa who acted as corresponding clerks between an emperor and the kokyu or male officials came to be treated equally to that of the Kura no tsukasa that ranked first in the junishi and preserved three sacred imperial treasures.
- 代表的な例として東宮居貞親王の尚侍・藤原綏子と密通した源頼定は居貞親王(三条天皇)即位後に既に公卿であるにも関わらず昇殿が許されなかった(『大鏡』)。
- To give a representative example, MINAMOTO no Yorisada, who had committed adultery with FUJIWARA no Suishi, a shoji (principal handmaid) of Crown Prince Okisada, was not allowed to enter the Imperial Court in spite of the fact that he was already a kugyo by the time Imperial Prince Okisada was enthroned (Emperor Sanjo) ('Okagami' [the Great Mirror]).
- 更にその中で上位の者は領主や地侍としての地位を獲得して荘園領主の支配から脱却したり、荘園内外にて独自の経営地及び独自の小作関係の形成を行うようになる。
- Further, there were those of the upper-class who attained the position as a landlord or a jizamurai (local samurai) which enabled them to break away from the rule of the manor owners and to establish their own business managing and renting their lands to local peasants.
- 一方、柏木は女三宮の姉落葉の宮と結婚するが満足できず、源氏が紫の上につきっきりで手薄になっていた隙をついて、乳母子の小侍従の手引きで女三宮と密通した。
- Meanwhile, Kashiwagi, who has married Ochiba no miya, Onna Sannomiya's older sister, unsatisfied with his marriage, takes the opportunity to commit adultery with Onna Sannomiya with the help of Kojiju, menotogo (the son of a menoto, a woman providing breast-feed to a highborn baby) while Genji is busy staying by Murasaki no ue's side to take care of her.
- しかし皇太子という立場を慮った侍従の機転によって(内容が内容だけに、何が起こるか分からない)御座所に引き返して東宮大夫以下の近臣とともに放送を聞いた。
- However, a chamberlain, who was quick-witted enough to think about the complex footing of the Crown Prince (he must have imagined the worst scenario in the light of the humiliating contents of the announcement), took him to Gozasho (living room for the Crown Prince) to let him listen the broadcast with close aides from the Togu-daifu (the Lord Steward to the Imperial Prince).
- これを見た団蔵は腰抜け侍ぶりを笑ったが、その後、赤穂浪士の討ち入りがあり、そのなかに大高がいたことを知った団蔵は己を恥じて出家の上、大高を弔ったという。
- Although Danzo laughed at how cowardly he was, when he later found out that Otaka was one of the Ako Roshi who made the raid, he was ashamed of himself and became a Buddhist priest to hold a mass for Otaka.
- なお小式部内侍は母の和泉式部と同時期に一条天皇中宮である藤原彰子に出仕していたために、母式部と区別するために「小式部」と呼ばれるようになったとみられる。
- Furthermore, Koshikibu no Naishi was called 'Koshikibu' (small-shikibu) because she and her mother, Izumi Shikibu, served FUJIWARA no Shoshi, the second consort of the Emperor Ichijo, at the same time.
- そのため既存の勢力(武田氏・上杉氏等)のように、その軍団を構成する多数の国人・地侍の意向に配慮する必要もなく、独裁的に政治・軍事を展開することができた。
- Therefore, unlike existing powers (Takeda clan, Uesugi clan etc.), they were able to take political or military actions autocratically with no need to consider the wishes of the many local or provincial samurai who formed the army.
- 公辨法親王の母方の叔母が綱吉の正室鷹司信子の侍女だった縁から両者は親しく、公辨法親王の方が綱吉よりはるかに若年ではあったが綱吉の相談に与る立場にあった。
- As Cloistered Imperial Prince Koben was close to Tsunayoshi because his maternal aunt was a lady-in-waiting of Nobuko TAKATSUKASA, Tsunayoshi's legal wife, Cloistered Imperial Prince Koben was in a position to be consulted by Tsunayoshi even though he was far younger than Tsunayoshi.
- 男色はもとより、仏教の戒律で禁じられていた飲酒·肉食や女犯を行い、盲目の「森侍者」(しんじしゃ)という側女がいたり、「岐翁紹禎」という実子の弟子がいた。
- Besides homosexuality, he did things that are forbidden in Buddhism, such as drinking liquor, eating meat, and cavorting with women, had a mistress called Shinjisha, and one of his students was a son of his named Shoutei KIOU.
- 例えば、先々代の住友友純や西園寺公望公爵、そして元侍従長の徳大寺実則公爵などの父親である徳大寺公純は、もともと鷹司家から徳大寺家へ養子入りした人である。
- For example, Kinto TOKUDAIJI, the father of the family head (two generations ago) Tomoito SUMITOMO, Duke Kinmochi SAIONJI and Duke Sanetsune TOKUDAIJI, who was the former grand chamberlain, was adopted from the Takatsukasa Family by the Tokudaiji Family.
- 美濃の守護職を務める頼忠の子の土岐頼益は、優れた武将で合戦でたびたび戦功があり、「幕府七頭」の一家として評定衆に列し、侍所別当として幕閣の重鎮となった。
- Mino no Shugo (provincial constable of Mino Province) Yorimasu TOKI, the son of Yoritada, was an excellent busho (military commander) and often distingushed himself in battles, who was listed in Hyojoshu (a member of the Council of State) as one of the head of the Bakufu-Shichito (7 greatest families of bakufu), and became a grand person of the Shogunal cabinet as Samurai-dokoro betto (an administrator of the Board of Retainers).
- 本人の日誌によれば、侍への同情も感じながら、この形での処刑はフランス側が望むように戒めになるところか、逆に侍が英雄視されると理解し、中断させたそうである。
- In his own diary, the chief wrote that while he felt pity for the retainers, he also thought the execution in that manner would not serve as a warning against future killing but it would merely hero-worship the retainers and that was why he stopped the execution.
- 若紫:後深草院は想いを寄せていた自身の乳母であった、大納言典侍(だいなごんのすけ)の娘である二条を引き取るが、これは多分に『源氏物語』の若紫を連想させる。
- Young Murasaki: The passage where Gofukakusa-in takes and raises Lady Nijo, the daughter of his beloved wet nurse Dainagon-no-suke, is strongly reminiscent of Young Murasaki in 'The Tale of Genji.'
- 彼らの多くは六位どまりの侍身分の技能官人であったが、上層階級の者は諸大夫身分の一角を占めて四位・五位クラスまで昇り、受領級の官職に任命されるようになった。
- Many of them were technical samurai officers of the sixth rank which was the highest rank for them, but those who were in higher classes dominated a part of shodaibu (aristocracy lower than kugyo) positions, were promoted to the fourth or fifth rank, and were appointed to zuryo-level government positions.
- まず1180年(治承4年)に鎌倉の大倉郷に頼朝の邸となる大倉御所が置かれ、また幕府の統治機構の原型ともいうべき侍所が設置されて武家政権の実態が形成された。
- Firstly Okura Palace was located in Okurago in Kamakura in 1180, and the Samurai-dokoro (the Board of Retainers), which was an archetype of governing system of bakufu, was established and formed an actual samurai government.
- 江戸城からは、天璋院や和宮親子内親王の侍医として留守をまもっていた大膳亮弘玄院、多紀養春院(多紀安琢)、遠田澄庵、高島祐庵、浅田宗伯らが大坂へ急派された。
- Among others, Daizen no suke (title of the person in charge of meals in the court) Kogen-in, Taki Yoshun-in (Antaku TAKI), Choan TODA, Yuan TAKASHIMA and Sohaku ASADA, all who served the Tenshoin and Imperial Princess Kazunomiya Chikako as court physicians who normally stayed in the castle at all times, were urgently dispatched to Osaka from Edo Castle.
- 元老会議は後継首相に桂太郎を指名したが、桂は半年前に内大臣兼侍従長になったばかりであり、この点に関して「宮中・府中の別」を乱すものとして非難の声があがった。
- The conference of elder statesmen appointed Taro KATSURA as the next prime minister, but he had already assumed both Minister of Palace and Grand Chamberlain just half a year before, and his nomination became a target for criticism as a violation of the principle of separation between the Imperial Family and the Japanese government organization.
- 頼朝は、1180年(治承4年)に鎌倉に侍所を置き御家人を統制し、さらに1185年には、義経の追捕を理由に、各国へ守護・地頭を設置し、全国の支配権を確立した。
- In 1180, Yoritomo controlled the gokenin by creating the Board of Retainers in Kamakura, and in 1185, for the reason of search and capture of Yoshitsune, he brought the entire country under his jurisdiction by positioning Shugo (provincial constable) and Jito (estate stewards) in every province.
- 蒲生秀行 (侍従)、小早川秀秋ら諸大名を大した罪でも無いのに若年などを理由に減封・移封したことは、関ヶ原の戦いで彼らを東軍(徳川方)につかせる一因を成した。
- It turned to be one of the reasons for Daimyos such as Hideyuki GAMO (his servant) and Hideaki KOBAYAKAWA to join the East (TOKUGAWA) squad at the battle of Sekigahara that Hideyoshi decreased or changed their territories by nominal reasons such as rubbishy faults or youthfulness.
- 平安時代中期以後の後宮の再編と十二司の解体に伴い、主殿寮に吸収されて同署より内侍司に対して派遣される形となり、こうした女官を主殿司あるいは主殿女官と呼ばれた。
- With the reorganization of kokyu and the demise of kokyu junishi after the middle of the Heian period, Tonomo no tsukasa was incorporated into Tonomoryo (Imperial Palace Keeper's Bureau) and Tonomoryo began to send the staffs in Tonomo no tsukasa to Naishi no tsukasa (female palace attendants) and such a court lady was called court servant or court lady servant.
- 紫式部の本名は不明であるが、「御堂関白記」の寛弘4年正月29日の条において掌侍になったとされる記事のある「藤原香子」(かおりこ/たかこ/こうし)との説もある。
- Murasaki Shikibu's real name is unknown, but it is assumed that she was the 'FUJIWARA no Kaoriko/Takako/Koshi,' who became shoji (ranked) on January 29, 1007, which was described in 'Mido Kanpakuki (FUJIWARA no Michinaga's diary).'
- こうした地侍たちは、安土桃山期の兵農分離(刀狩など)によって郷士や再度、百姓身分に戻り、庄屋・名主・肝煎・番頭など村の指導者としての地位に就くことが多かった。
- In most cases, these Ji-zamurai returned to the position of farmers due to the separation policy of samurai and farmers such as the sword hunt during the Azuchi Momoyama period and took the leaders' position of the villages such as Shoya, Nanushi, Kimoiri, and Banto.
- しかし、さらに追っ手に追われると、菊の前は菊の前に従ってついてきた11人の侍女たちとともに、太鼓岩と呼ばれる崖の上から山の北下を流れる箒川に身を投げ自害した。
- As the pursuers approached, Kikunomae and her eleven lady attendants leaped from the bluff called Taikoiwa into the Hokigawa River on the north of the mountain to death.
- 策伝が完成した『醒睡笑』を重宗の元に届けた折り(1628年:寛永5年3月17日)、重宗と同席した子・板倉重郷(板倉侍従)に献呈された(実際には重宗への献呈)。
- When Sakuden completed Seisuisho and brought it to Shigemune (on April 21, 1628), the book was presented to Shigemune's son, Shigesato ITAKURA (chamberlain Itakura) (Although in in fact it was presented to Shigemune).
- 応永32年(1425年)に朝廷の内侍所で湯起請が行われたことが『薩戒記』に記載され、『看聞御記』にも永享3年(1431年)に湯起請が行われたことが記されている。
- In 'Sakkai-ki Diary,' it is stated that yugisho was conducted at Naishidokoro (the place where the sacred mirror is enshrined) of the Imperial Court in 1425, and also in 'Kanmongyoki,' it is described that it was conducted in 1431.
- 同年には再び知門下省事・申思佺、侍郎・陳子厚および潘阜ら高麗使臣が正使・黒的、副使・殷弘をともなって派遣され、第2回目の使節が日本へ上陸したが、これを黙殺した。
- In the same year, vasslas from Goryeo were sent again, including chancellor Shin Shisen, assistant chancellor Chin Shiko and Hanpu, accompanying chief envoy Kokuteki and vice-envoy Inko, but Japan ignored these second envoys who reached there.
- 一、乗輿ハ、一門ノ歴々・国主・城主・一万石以上ナラビニ国大名ノ息、城主オヨビ侍従以上ノ嫡子、或ハ五十歳以上、或ハ医・陰ノ両道、病人コレヲ免ジ、ソノ外濫吹ヲ禁ズ。
- • Only those with permission may ride a palanquin, such as the Tokugawa family, landed daimyo, the sons of daimyo, castle lords, legitimate children of rank higher than jiju (chamberlain), people over fifty, doctors, men of Onmyodo (the way of Yin and Yang), the sick and so on.
- このように栄華を極めた家斉であったが、その最期は誰ひとり気づかぬうちに息を引き取ったと伝えられ、侍医長・吉田成方院は責任を問われ処罰された(『井関隆子日記』)。
- It is said that, while Ienari lived in glory, he breathed his last without anyone realizing it, for which his chief physician, Seihoin YOSHIDA, was held responsible and punished (according to the 'Diary of Takako IZEKI').
- また4月21日_(旧暦)、平氏追討で侍所所司として義経の補佐を務めた梶原景時から、「義経はしきりに追討の功を自身一人の物としている」と記した書状が頼朝に届いた。
- On April 21 (old lunar calendar), Yoritomo received a message from Kagetoki KAJIWARA, who once assisted Yoshitsune as Saburai-dokoro no Shoshi/ Tsukasa (management officer of the Samurai station) when Yoshitsune was in the pursuit of the Taira clan, informing that 'Yoshitsune indulged in trumpeting that the pursuit was achieved exclusively owing to his merit.'
- 寛仁5年(1021年)、道長の末女・藤原嬉子も将来の皇妃となるべく東宮敦良親王に内侍司として侍したが、嬉子は後冷泉天皇を産んで万寿2年(1025年)に早世した。
- In 1021, Michinaga's youngest daughter, FUJIWARA no Kishi/Yoshiko, served the Crown Prince, Prince Atsunaga, as Naishi no Tsukasa (Lady officials serving Emperor) so that she would also be an Empress in the future, but Kishi/Yoshiko died early in 1025 after she gave birth to Emperor Go-Reizei.
- 巻名は光源氏と源典侍の歌「はかなしや人のかざせるあふひゆえ神のゆるしのけふを待ちける」および「かざしける心ぞあだに思ほゆる八十氏人になべてあふひを」に由来する。
- The title comes from the waka poems exchanged between Gen no Naishinosuke and Hikaru Genji: 'Alas, how fickle it is! For all my having been waiting for this festival, which is said to have a miraculous virtue, thinking that it would be the day to meet you, without knowing someone else had already seen you with the raising hollyhock over her hand.' and 'You held up the hollyhock of the day of meeting not only to see me but also as many as eighty clans, didn't you? Isn't it fickle enough to feel unpleasant?'.
- 幕府の役所の下役で一代限り雇用名目の者達のうち、与力は本来は寄騎、つまり戦のたびに臨時の主従関係を結ぶ武士に由来する騎馬戦士身分で「侍」、同心は「徒士」である。
- Among those who worked under the bakufu's office and were nominally hired only in one generation, the '与力' (yoriki, a police sergeant) was originally '寄騎' (yoriki, lower-ranked samurai), that is, they were in the class of cavalry warriors who came from the bushi who established a temporal master-subordinate relationship every time war happened and were 'samurai,' and doshin (a police constable) were 'kachi.'
- 訳:輿に乗る者は、徳川一門、国主、大名の息子、城主、侍従以上の嫡子、50歳以上の者、医者、陰陽道の者、病人等許可されている者に限り、その他の者は乗せてはならない。
- Translation: Only those with permission may ride a palanquin, such as the Tokugawa family, landed daimyo, the sons of daimyo, castle lords, legitimate children of rank higher than jiju (chamberlain), people over fifty, doctors, men of Onmyodo (the way of Yin and Yang), the sick and so on.
- 戦国時代 (日本)に比較的流動性があった侍と百姓が固定化されるのが天正9年(1582年)頃から始まった太閤検地や天正16年(1588年)の刀狩などによってである。
- The classes of samurai and peasants which had social mobility to some extent in the Warring States period (Japan) were fixed by taiko kenchi (the cadastral surveys conducted by Hideyoshi) which started around 1582 and katanagari (sword hunt) which was carried out in 1588.
- その後は治天の君に近侍する伝奏が直接自分達の上司でもある将軍・足利義満に伝達し、義満もしくは奉行などの幕府役人の意向も伝奏を経由して治天の君・天皇に取り次がれた。
- After that, the tenso who served the Chiten no kimi directly conveyed the messages to the shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA who was his superior, and the intention of Yoshimitsu or the bakufu officials including bugyo (magistrate) was in return relayed to Chiten no kimi or the Emperor through the tenso.
- また、自分が歴住として道元と同列に祀られることをおそれ「自分の遺骨は先師(道元)の墓所の侍者の位置に埋め、忌日には先師の墓前に向かい供養読経するべし」と遺言した。
- Further, as he was afraid that he might be enshrined in the same category as Dogen as one of the successive chief priests, he left a will saying 'My remains should be buried at the place of Dogen's attendants and on the anniversary of my death, a memorial service and sutra chanting should be conducted while facing the tomb of Dogen.'
- 基俊に師事した藤原俊成は、歌合の判詞の中で、幽玄を「姿既に幽玄の境に入る」「幽玄にこそ聞え侍れ」「幽玄の体なり」「心幽玄」「風体は幽玄」と批評用語として多用した。
- FUJIWARA no Toshinari who studied under Mototoshi often used Yugen as a criticism word like 'It reached Yugen already.' 'It sounds just like Yugen.' 'It is the Yugen style.' 'A Yugen mind.' 'It looks like Yugen.' in his judgment words of Utaawase.
- 九鬼の議論では、伝統的にはむしろ野暮の代表である侍を持ち出すことで「いき」が町人の文化であることを軽視している点、西洋哲学での理屈付けをしている点には批判もある。
- Kuki's argument has been criticized on the grounds that, by bringing up samurai (warriors) who, if anything, have traditionally represented 'yabo,' it neglects the fact that 'iki' is the culture of the townspeople, and also that it follows Western philosophical logic.
- また、武士などの諸大夫、侍クラスの家の家芸は親から子へ幼少時からの英才教育で伝えられると共に、能力を見込んだ者を弟子や郎党にして伝授し、優秀であれば養子に迎えた。
- And the iegei of a family in a shodaibu or samurai class such as bushi was inherited from parent to child from the cradle by special education, or was inherited to those who were accepted as having the talent and became disciples or roto (retainer), and if they were excellent they were adopted.
- よく言われるように貴族に仕える存在として認識された武士を侍と呼んだと言うよりもむしろ、上層武士を除く大多数の武士が侍身分の一角を形成したと言った方が正確であろう。
- It is more accurate to say that the majority of bushi, except for upper-class bushi, formed a part of the samurai status, rather than that the bushi who were recognized as those who served the aristocrats were called samurai, as they say.
- 建久7年(1196年)には康慶、快慶、定覚らとともに東大寺大仏の両脇侍像と四天王像の造立という大仕事に携わるが、これらの像はその後大仏殿とともに焼失して現存しない。
- In 1196, together with Kokei, Kaikei, and Jokaku, Unkei participated in a major assignment to create the Ryowakiji statues to be placed on either side of the Daibutsu (Big Buddha) and the Shitenno (Four Heavenly Kings) statues for Todai-ji Temple, but these statues do not exist any more as they were destroyed along with the Daibutsu-den (Big Buddha Hall) in a fire.
- なかば強引に落葉の宮と結婚した後は、毎月夜毎十五日ずつ均等に雲居の雁と落葉の宮に通い、また落葉の宮を六条院の夏の町に移して藤典侍腹の六の君を養女とした(「匂宮」)。
- Yugiri, who virtually forces Ochiba no Miya to marry him, visits both Kumoi no Kari and Ochiba no Miya equally at night for fifteen days a month each, and he moves Ochiba no Miya to the Summer-Residence of Rokujo-in Palace, and moreover adopts Roku no Kimi, a daughter of To no Naishinosuke. ('Nioumiya')
- 阿弥陀三尊のうちの左脇侍像として安置される観音像については、単に「観音菩薩像」と言うのが普通で、「聖観音」と称するのは、独尊像として祀られる場合にほぼ限られている。
- The Kannon statue, which is placed as the left Kyoji (attendant figure) of Amida sanzon (Amida triad), is generally called only 'Kannon Bosatsu statue' and it is limited to being called 'Sho Kannon' when it is enshrined individually.
- 元来は有力貴族や諸大夫に仕える位階六位どまりの下級技能官人層(侍品さむらいほん)を指すが、次第にその中でも武芸を職能とする技能官人である武士を指すことが多くなった。
- Originally, this was a term for the class of low-ranking technical palace officials up to the sixth rank who worked for aristocracy and Shodaibu (aristocracy lower than Kugyo), but eventually was used to define the bushi, who were technical palace officials with military skills.
- 右近は秀吉の宣教師追放令で大名の地位を追われ、その後、新庄直頼が3万石で高槻に入ったが、1600年の関ヶ原の戦いで改易され、その身柄は蒲生秀行 (侍従)に預けられた。
- Ukon was removed from his rank of Daimyo by the edict expelling Christian missionaries, afterward, Naoyori SHINJO entered Takatsuki with 30,000 koku, but he was forced to change his rank in the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, and he was handed over to Hideyuki GAMO (palace staff).
- 六位層は位袍の色が青系の縹であったことから、「青侍」という語が生じたと言われ、また青が持つ“未熟”という意味から年若いあるいは位階の低い侍の意味も有したとされている。
- It is believed that the word 'Aozamurai' originated from the fact that costumes for those at Rokui rank were of hanada (medium blue); besides, based on the connotations of blue, that is to say 'immature,' 'Aozamurai' also meant a young or low ranking samurai.
- 滋子が女御・皇太后・女院になった際には、家司・皇太后宮権大夫・女院別当となるなど一貫して滋子の側に仕え、妻に滋子の妹・清子(高倉天皇の典侍、中納言三位)を迎えている。
- When Shigeko became Nyogo (court lady), queen mother and Nyoin (a woman who received 'Ingo (a title of respect given to close female relatives of the Emperor or a woman of comparable standing)), Munemori always served Shigeko consistently as Keishi, Kotaigo-gu Gon-taifu or Nyoin-Betto (the attendant to Nyoin) respectively and took her younger sister, Kiyoko (Naishi no suke (vice minister of Naishi no tsukasa) to Emperor Takakura; called Chunagon-sanmi) as his wife.
- なお、「一介の人間としての釈迦」を重視する臨済宗、曹洞宗、黄檗宗の禅宗各派では釈迦如来の脇侍として大迦葉尊者・阿難尊者を配し、十大弟子・十六善神が随従することがある。
- The various schools of Zen sects such as Rinzai sect, Soto sect and Obaku sect place importance on 'Shaka as a human' and in some cases have Daikasho-sonja and Anan-sonja as attendant figures to Shakanyorai, together with Judai deshi or Juroku Zenshin.
- 伝説の上では聖徳太子に近侍した秦河勝を初世としているが、実質的には室町時代前期に奈良春日大社・興福寺に奉仕した猿楽大和四座の一、円満井座に端を発すると考えられている。
- According to a legend, the founder was said to be HATA no Kawakatsu, who was a retainer of Prince Shotoku, but in actual fact, the origin of the school is considered to have been from the Enmani troupe, one of the four Sarugaku groups from Yamato (Yamato Sarugaku yoza) that served the Kasuga Taisha Shrine and the Kofuku-ji Temple in Nara in the early Muromachi period.
- さらに、徳大寺実則の長女順子は、鷹司信輔の父である鷹司煕通(陸軍少将、侍従長)へ嫁ぐ、というように、鷹司家と徳大寺家は網の目のような連綿とした濃い血のつながりがある。
- Moreover, as Sanetsune TOKUDAIJI's eldest daughter Junko married Hiromichi TAKATSUKASA (an army major-general and the grand chamberlain), the father of Nobusuke TAKATSUKASA, the Takatsukasa and Tokudaiji families have a finely meshed pattern of strong blood connections.
- 天正12年(1584年)の小牧・長久手の戦いに参加し、翌13年(1585年)には従四位下、侍従に叙任し、秀吉から羽柴姓を与えられた(大坂夏の陣終了後まで羽柴姓を継続)。
- In 1584, Tadaoki took part in the Battle of Komaki Nagakute, and in the following year (1585) he was promoted to the rank of Jushiinoge (Junior Forth Rank, Lower Grade), appointed to the position of Jiju (chamberlain) and given the family name 'Hashiba' by Hideyoshi (this name continued to be used until the end of Osaka Natsu no Jin (Summer Siege of Osaka)).
- 二人は当代第一の美男美女夫婦といわれたが、玉が秀吉の禁教令発布直後にキリシタンになったとき、これに激怒して侍女の鼻をそぎ、さらに玉を脅迫して改宗を迫ったと言われている。
- In their day they were said to have been the most handsome couple in Japan, but their relations were not always harmonious; it is said that when Gracia became a Christian directly after the release of Hideyoshi's edicts prohibiting Christianity, he flew into a rage, sliced off the nose of her maid-in-waiting and forced Tama into converting back.
- また宣賢の孫舟橋枝賢(しげかた)(正三位・宮内卿・侍従・少納言)(1520年-1590年)の娘いと(洗礼名:マリア)は、細川ガラシャに仕えてキリスト教入信を手助けした。
- Furthermore, Ito (Christian name: Maria), a daughter of Nobukata's grandson, Shigekata FUNABASHI (Shosanmi, Kunaikyo [Minister of the Sovereign's Household], jiju, Shonagon) (1520 - 1590), served Gracia HOSOKAWA and helped her convert to Christianity.
- 続いて行われた検地・刀狩も、その目的には兵農分離、すなわち体制の一部として天下人に従う武士と、単なる被支配者である農民とに国人・地侍を分離し、解体することが含まれていた。
- The following land survey and Sword Hunt included the aims of heinobunri, that is, the separation and dissolution of kokujin and jizamurai into the warrior class who followed tenkabito as a part of the framework and the farmers who were merely ruled.
- この時の強訴については、藤原道長の『御堂関白記』同年7月12日条に「寺侍法師等、只今来申云、大衆参上木幡山大谷云所、二千許参着云々」という記述が対応すると考えられている。
- The article on July 12 (in the lunar calendar), 1006, in 'Mido Kanpakuki' (FUJIWARA no Michinaga's diary), which goes, 'They said monk-soldiers have just come and made an appeal, and that about 2000 people arrived at the place called Kohatayama Otani, and so forth,' is thought to have mentioned this goso.
- 普賢延命菩薩は、普賢菩薩(釈迦如来の脇侍であり、独尊としても祀られる)から派生した密教系の菩薩像であり、除災、長寿などを祈念する修法「普賢延命法」の本尊として造像される。
- Fugen Enmei Bosatsu is an image of Bosatsu of Esoteric Buddhism that is derived from Fugen Bosatsu (kyoji (attendant figure) of Shaka Nyorai (Buddha Shakamuni), often worshiped independently) and its statue was constructed as honzon (principal image of Buddha) of Shuho (an esoteric ritual) 'Fugen Enmei ho' (prayer and austerities of Fugen Enmei (Samantabhadra)) that prays for removal of disasters and for longevity.
- 天平勝宝9歳(757年)3月、孝謙天皇(実は光明皇后の意思)は、道祖王が太上天皇の喪中にも関わらず侍童と密通して、民間に機密を漏らし甚だ不行跡であるとし、廃太子を議した。
- In March 757, Empress Koken (actually will of Empress Komyo) proposed to depose the Crown Prince, saying that Prince Funado secretly contacted a jido (page) and disclosed confidential information to the public in the mourning of Emperor Daijo.
- 宇多天皇の頃より、天皇の日常の居所が清涼殿に定着化され、儀式や公事への参加あるいは天皇に近侍して身辺の雑用や宿直・陪膳などの職務を行うためには昇殿は欠かせないものであった。
- From the era of Emperor Uda, the emperor's daily whereabouts were fixed in the Seiryoden; therefore, shoden was indispensable for enabling those of suitable rank to participate in ceremonies and public duties or deal with the emperor's personal affairs in their capacity as an attendant and carry out duties such as taking the night watch or waiting on the emperor at table.
- 「お前立ち」像は中尊・両脇侍ともに立像で、三尊が1枚の大きな光背を背負っており(一光三尊形式という)、三尊の印相(両手の指で示す形)、服制、両脇侍の宝冠などにも特色がある。
- The Omaedachi-zo statue, made up of Chuson (the principal statue in a group of Buddhist statues) and two Ryowakiji (statues standing at both sides of Chuson) features the Ikko-sanzon (meaning the three icons carrying one large halo) and has characteristics in style, the gods' inso (the shapes expressed with their fingers), the way they are dressed, and the hokan (crowns) worn by the Ryowakiji.
- 十八間という巨大建築であった鎌倉将軍邸の侍所は御家人が参集して儀式や宴を行う会場であるが、武家社会固有の儀礼としてときには将軍と御家人が対座することもあったとみられている。
- The Samurai-dokoro in the big 146-m-wide residence of Kamakura shogun was the place where gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate) gathered to hold ceremonies or banquets, but it is also considered that shogun and gokenin sometimes sat face to face there as a ritual characteristic to the samurai society.
- 根来寺の主だった行人は、泉識坊が土橋氏、杉之坊が津田氏伊予橘姓津田氏(楠木氏系)、また成真院が泉南の地侍中氏など、紀伊のみならず和泉国・河内国・大和国の地侍で構成されていた。
- The major Gyonin of the Negoro-ji Temple were constituted by not only jizamurai of Kii Province but also that of Izumi, Kawachi and Yamato Provinces, for example, the Gyonin of Senshiki-bo Temple was the Dobashi clan, the one of Sugino-bo Temple was the Iyotachibana-Tsuda clan (the Kusunoki clan linage) and the one of Joshin-in Temple (成真院) was the Naka clan, jizamurai of Sennan Province.
- その層が、地域の封建領主層に結びついて自らも小領主化して地侍となり、守護大名や国人(旧地頭層)と主従関係を持って年貢の一部免除を受けて合戦時には「寄子」クラスの軍役を務める。
- That class became connected with the feudal lord class, and they themselves became jizamurai (local samurai) as small lords to hold a master and servant relationship with the shugo daimyo (Japanese provincial military governor feudal lords) and kokujin (local samurai) (former jito), exempted from a part of nengu (land tax) and served 'Yoriko' (bushi that served under feudal lords during the Period of Warring States) class military roles during battles.
- ただし、信忠誕生時には美濃は信長と敵対していたため、美濃衆の息女であったとしても、濃姫の侍女や縁者などを側室として差し出したと考えられ、美濃衆の有力者の息女などは考えにくい。
- However, even if she was the daughter of someone who was Mino-shu, it is unlikely it was an important person, as Mino was in conflict with Nobunaga when Nobutada was born, they could have offered a lady-in-waiting or relative of Nohime as a concubine.
- 甲賀と伊賀は、鎌倉時代にはその領地の大半が荘園だったため守護や地頭による支配を受けなかったが、戦国時代 (日本)になり荘園が崩壊すると、地侍が数十の勢力に分かれ群雄割拠した。
- Since most territories of Koga and Iga were shoen (manor in medieval Japan) in the Kamakura period, they were not controlled by shugo (provincial constable) or jito (manager and lord of manor), but when the shoen system collapsed in the Sengoku period (in Japan), dozens of jizamurai groups struggled for power.
- 日本書紀皇極天皇三年(644年)3月の項に、軽皇子が朝参しなかった時、その宮に侍泊した中臣鎌子に寵妃阿倍氏をつかわして世話をさせたとあり、寵妃阿倍氏は小足媛と考えられている。
- There is a description in the section of March, 644 of Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan), which is the Prince Karu made his favorite mistress, of the Abe clan to look after NAKATOMI no Kamako, who stayed the palace when the Prince Karu did not go to the Imperial Court; it is believed that this favorite mistress, of the Abe clan was Otarashihime.
- 吉良家と今川家から管領や侍所が1人も出ていないのはこのためである(これらの役職は「家臣の仕事」であり、足利宗家の継承権を持つ両家の者は管領などに任じられる身分ではなかった)。
- For this reason, members of the Kira and Imagawa clans did not become kanrei (shogunal deputy) or Samurai-dokoro (the Board of Retainers) (these positions were 'jobs of vassals' and the members of both the clans with the right of succession to the head family of Ashikaga had too high social status to be assigned to kanrei and so on).
- 時が下り、松田元隆の代には、足利義晴のもと大永2年(1522年)京の都で侍所室町幕府に就任するなどしていたが、享禄4年(1531年)、天王寺合戦で味方の浦上村宗とともに討死。
- In a later period, in the time of Motomichi MATSUDA, he assumed his post as Shoshidai (deputy governor of the Board of Retainers) in the capital in Kyoto in 1522 under the reign of Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA, but he died at the Battle of Tennoji in 1531along with his colleague Muramune URAGAMI.
- 雑賀衆(さいかしゅう)は、戦国時代 (日本)に紀伊国北西部の雑賀荘を中心とする一帯(現在の和歌山市の雑賀崎)の諸荘園に居住した国人・土豪・地侍たちの結合した集団(一揆)である。
- Saikashu was a group (ikki) of combined local lords, powerful local clans and local samurai who resided in private estates in the center of Saikasho in the north west part of Kii Province (present day Saikazaki, Wakayama City) during the Sengoku period (Warring States period).
- これらの像は、正倉院文書によれば天平宝字6年(762)制作されたものであるが、正倉院文書には両脇侍の名称を「神王」としており、「金剛蔵王」の名称は平安時代の記録に初めて現れる。
- According to Shoso-in Monjo (documents of Shoso-in (Treasure Repository)), these statues were made in 762 and the names of both Kyoji were 'Shinno' (God-King), so that the name of 'Kongo Zao' was seen in a record from the Heian period for the first time.
- 平安時代には武士の支配を法的に保証するのは荘園領主たる「領家」「本所」であり、開発領主たちはその所領を孜々として寄進し、名簿(みょうぼ)を奉って子弟を近侍させ、猟官活動を行った。
- During the Heian period, the lord of the manor called 'ryoke' or 'honjo' legally warranted samurai the control over the manor; on the other hand, the local notables who actually developed the land did office-seeking by assiduously contributing their territory, offering a certificate given to the leader with the retainer's name on it and had his sons be retainers.
- 11世紀の侍階層出現の頃より現れて公家の家政機関に奉仕する役目を担うが、四位・五位へ昇進する諸大夫より下位に置かれて、基本的には六位に置かれていた(稀に五位に昇る者が存在した)。
- The position first appeared in around the 11th century when the samurai rank system was created, and it fulfilled the role of serving the household institution of court nobles, however, it ranked under Shodaibu (aristocracy lower than Kugyo) who would raise to Shii (Fourth Rank) or Goi (Fifth Rank), mainly placed at Rokui (Sixth Rank) (rarely, some rose to Goi).
- 中国・明の人物であったが、隆慶 (明)5年(和暦:元亀2年(1571年))倭寇に捕えられ捕虜として薩摩に連れてこられたところを島津義久に気に入られその侍医となりそのまま帰化した。
- Whilst he was a personality of Ming China, in 1571 he was captured and taken prisoner by pirates, taken to the Satsuma region in Japan where Yoshihisa SHIMIZU took a liking to him became a court physician and settled down.
- 『原中最秘抄』には「雲隠は幻の次なり 然に根本より此巻なし 然ば ふるき目録にも本よりなしとかきたり 多の有識才翰の人々に尋申侍りしにも全分不二覚悟一」(一、二は返り点)とある。
- 'Genchu saihisho' (Secret Notes of Suigensho) says that, 'Although Kumogakure comes next to Maboroshi, it does not exist at all and some old catalogues say it didn't exist in the first place, and even when asking many knowledgeable talented people about it, they don't know either.'
- 但し、この事件以降平城天皇と仲成・薬子との結びつきはさらに強固なものとなったらしく、尚侍であった薬子の昇進を考慮して、事件の直後に尚侍の官位相当が従五位から従三位に引き上げられた。
- However, it seems that the relationship between Emperor Heijo and Nakanari/Kusuko became stronger and the court rank of Naishi no Kami (Principal Handmaid) was upgraded from Jugoi (Junior Fifth Grade) to Jusanmi (Junior Third Grade) soon after this incident taking into account the promotion of Kusuko, who was then Naishi no Kami.
- 興福寺の薬王・薬上菩薩像は、元は同寺西金堂(廃絶)の本尊釈迦如来像の脇侍だったもので、現存像は鎌倉時代の再興像であるが、奈良時代の西金堂創建時から薬王・薬上菩薩像が安置されていた。
- The Yakuo Bosatsu and Yakujo Bosatsu of Kofuku-ji Temple were originally attendant figures for the Honzon Shakanyorai in the Saikon-do (removed) Kofuku-ji Temple, and the current figures were reconstructed in the Kamakura Period, but Yakuo Bosatsu and Yakujo Bosatsu figures have been installed in the Saikon-do since it was established during the Nara Period.
- それは、沢庵を一切れだけ出した場合、侍は「一切れ(人を斬れ)と申すのか!」と怒り出し、また、三切れ出した場合は「三切れ(身斬れ、つまり腹を切る)と申すのか!」と怒り出すためである。
- The reason for this was that if one slice ('hito-kire' which also means to kill someone) of takuan was served the samurai would become angry and said, 'Are you trying to tell me to kill someone,' and, if three slices ('mi-kire' which also means to cut oneself or to commit harakiri) of takuan was served the samurai would also become angry and said, 'Are you trying to tell me to commit harakiri?'
- 「侍」の内、1000石程度以上の者は大身(たいしん)、人持ちと呼ばれることがあり、戦のときは備の侍大将となり、平時は奉行職等を歴任し、抜擢されて側用人や仕置き家老となることもある。
- Among 'samurai,' those who had about more than 1000 koku (about 180,000 liters) were called taishin (big feudal lord) or hitomochi (big feudal lord) and when war occurred they were appointed to the samurai general and in times of peace they held a post in the magistrate's office and sometimes were selected to sobayonin (lord chamberlain) or a chief retainer of management.
- その後、江戸時代に地下家として、外記の青山家(中務省史生)・深井家(賛者)、弁官の和田家(弁侍)などが橘姓を称し、中でも深井家は薄家の直系(祖の定基を以継の子とする)とされている。
- Afterwards, in the Edo period, several families, such as the Aoyama family (Shisho [official worker at the Ministry of Central Affaires]) and the Fukai family (Sanja [an assistant to the minor councilor]) working as Geki (Secretary of the Grand Council of State), the Wada family (bensaburai (弁侍))working as Benkan (Controller of the Oversight Department, division of the daijokan responsible for controlling central and provincial governmental offices), used the sei (authentic surname) 'Tachibana,' and among them, the Fukai family is said to have been the direct line of the Susuki family (the family's ancestor, Sadamoto, was said to be Yukitsugu's son).
- 一方、吉宗の侍医として仕えていた荻生は「大明律例訳義」が原文を載せていないことに批判的で1723年(享保8年)に明律原文に校訂・句読を施した「官准刊行明律(訓点本明律)」を著した。
- Meanwhile, Ogyu who served as the court physician for Yoshimune, was critical of the fact that 'Daiminritsureiyakugi' did not contain the original text, and in 1723, authored 'Kanjunkankominritsu' (kuntenbonminritsu), which added revisions and punctuation to the original Ming code.
- 髙橋昌明は、1975年の『伊勢平氏の成立と展開』において、彼らが公的には諸衛府の官人、私的には高貴な貴族の「侍」、世間的には一種の傭兵隊長であったことを、資料に基づき詳細に明にした。
- 'The Establishment and Development of the Ise Taira Clan' (Taira Clan at Ise Province) published in 1975 by Masaaki TAKAHASHI who wrote in detail that they were low to middle class officials of hoefu (a collective name of soldiers in the Imperial Guard) in public, and were private 'samurai' of high class aristocrats and were a type of captain of mercenaries.
- 弘仁元年(810年)の薬子の変をきっかけに蔵人所が設置されると、従来は後宮の内侍司を通して伝えられていた天皇の勅旨の太政官への伝達が、次第に蔵人所の職事によって行われるようになった。
- When the kurodo dokoro was founded after the Kusuko Incident in 810, the shikiji at the kurodo dokoro gradually assumed the role of conveying the imperial edict to the Daijokan -- the order had conventionally been conveyed by naishishi (also referred to as naishi no tsukasa; messengers from the palace attendants) at kokyu (the women's quarters of the Imperial Palace).
- 土豪とは広義には、広域を支配する領主や在地の大豪族に対して、特定の「土地の小豪族」、その地域の「在地の小豪族」という意味もあり、その場合は、地侍の主筋になる在地領主も含まれるからである。
- It is because, compared to Ryoshu and large Gozoku (powerful families) who govern wide regions, Dogo in a broader sense has a meaning of 'small Gozoku specific in the regions,' in which case Dogo includes Zaichi Ryoshu, the lord of the manors of Ji-zamurai.
- 5月20日 (旧暦)に紀伊伊都郡で娘のあぐりとともに3人の侍に警護されて隠れていたのを発見され、5月24日 (旧暦)に京都の家康に引き渡されたが、無罪となり以後は京都でかね夫婦と暮らす。
- On June 16, she was discovered hiding away with her daughter Aguri guarded by three samurai in Ito County, and on June 20, she was handed over to Ieyasu in Kyoto, but she was sentenced to innocence and from that time she lived with Kane's family in Kyoto.
- 来迎(らいごう)とは、仏教中の浄土教において、彩雲に乗った阿弥陀如来が、臨終に際した往生者を極楽浄土に迎える為に、観音菩薩・勢至菩薩を脇侍に従え、諸菩薩や天人を引き連れてやってくること。
- In the Jodo (Pure Land) sect of Buddhism, Raigo means Amida Nyorai (Amitabha Tathagata), who is riding on the colorful clouds together with various bosatsu and tennin (heavenly beings), coming to see a person who is about to die in order to take him or her to the heavens, and who is served by Kannon Bosatsu (Kannon Buddhisattva) and Seishi Bosatsu on the side.
- 明治維新後、通禧は外国事務総督、神奈川府知事、開拓使長官、侍従長、元老院 (日本)副議長、貴族院 (日本)副議長、枢密院 (日本)副議長を歴任し、明治17年(1884年)伯爵に叙される。
- After the Meiji Restoration, Michitomi held the posts of: Governor-general for foreign affairs, Governor of Kanagawa Prefecture, Director of the Development Comission, Grand Chamberain, Vice-president of the Chamber of Elders, Vice-president of the House of Peers and Vice-president of the Privy Council, and he was given the title of count in 1884.
- それに対し、対馬は山がちで耕地が少なく土地を通じた領国支配は困難であった。そのため、宗氏は通交権益の知行化を通じて有力庶家の掌握や地侍の被官化を行い、領国支配を推し進めていた(宗氏領国)。
- On the other side, Tsushima was a mountainous country with small arable land, so it was difficult to govern the territory only with taxes imposed on the land.
- 養子入りに際しては幸田彦右衛門が傳役として付けられ、信長家臣から岡本太郎右衛門、坂仙斎、三宅権右衛門、坂口縫殿助、山下三右衛門、末松吉左衛門、立木、河村以下の侍が信孝付きとして付けられた。
- When he was adopted, Hikoemon KODA accompanied him as Denyaku (an adviser assigned directly by the shogun) and samurai who had been Nobunaga's vassals such as Taroemon OKAMOTO, Sensai SAKA, Gonemon MIYAKE, Nuinosuke SAKAGUCHI, Sanemon YAMASHITA, Kichizaemon SUEMATSU, TACHIKI and KAWAMURA came to serve Nobutaka.
- また、構成員の中には秀次の近侍として仕えた富田高定(前田利長に仕えて、関ヶ原で北陸にて戦死)を含める場合もあるなど、史料によっては八人ではなく七人ともされ、さらにメンバーも変わることがある。
- In another case, Takasada TOMITA, who served Hidetsugu closely, later served Toshinaga MAEDA and died during the Battle of Sekigahara, was included as a member, and depending upon the historical documents, the number of the members were seven, and not eight, and there was a case in which even the members themselves were different.
- 勤番侍が桜田門外の変を語ったかと思うと歌舞伎の道具係が名優を語り、彰義隊残党が敗軍逃亡の有様を語り、御数寄屋坊主が御茶壺道中を語るなど、当事者ならでの実体験に基づく貴重な証言録となっている。
- They are important records of evidences based on the real experiences, which you only get from the people concerned: for example, kinban zamurai (samurai being on duty in Edo) told the Sakuradamongai Incident; a person in charge of tools told the famous actor; the survivors of Shogitai (group of former Tokugawa retainers opposed to the Meiji government who fought in the Battle of Ueno) told how the defeated army ran away; osukiya bozu (a monk serving the feudal lord in Edo castle) told the tea pot journey.
- 三千院の本尊である阿弥陀三尊像(国宝)は、来迎図のような図像ではなく彫像であるが、三尊が来迎する様を表現した像であり、脇侍の二菩薩像が、胡坐ではなく日本式の正座をしている点でも知られている。
- Amida Sanzon-zo (the image of Amida Triad) (a National Treasure), which is the honzon of Sanzenin Temple, isn't the picture but a statue, and it very clearly shows how Sanzon comes to collect someone; additionally, it is well known as kyoji (attendant figures) of two Bosatsu sitting in the Japanese style instead of being cross-legged.
- 土一揆の時代には一揆の中核として活躍し、中には、村落から離脱して、自らの地位を武士に特化する地侍もおり、戦国時代 (日本)に入ると、戦国大名やその幕下の大身の国人領主の家臣として系列化された。
- During the period of Doikki (peasant uprising), they performed an active role as the core of the uprising, some of whom left the village to emphasize on their position as samurai and they were organized as subordinate warriors under Sengoku Daimyo (warring lords) and Kokujin Ryoshu in the Sengoku period.
- 芥川は、物質的な幸福だけを真の幸福と考える若侍と、精神の内部における幸福を最大視する翁と、この相対する二つの型の人間の会話を最後において、種類の異なった幸福感を示し、原作に多少の綾を付与した。
- Akutagawa added a conversation of two types of people, a young samurai who takes only the physical comforts as happiness and an old man who regards psychological satisfaction as most important, at end of the plot of its original to show two different kinds of feeling of happiness and his own color.
- 「いにしへに恋ふること侍けるころ、田舎にてほとゝぎすを聞きてよめる/このごろは寝でのみぞ待つほとゝぎすしばし都の物語せよ」(『後拾遺和歌集』夏・一八六・増基法師)以下、勅撰集には三十首を収める。
- Thirty waka composed by him were included in Chokusenshu (an anthology of poems collected by Imperial command) starting with 'Composed when I loved in the past, and heard a little cuckoo singing, 'Nowadays, I wait for a little cuckoo without sleeping, tell me about the capital.', summer, 186, Zoki Priest).
- 文久3年(1863年)8月、吉村寅太郎、松本奎堂、藤本鉄石ら尊攘派浪士の天誅組は孝明天皇の大和行幸の魁たらんと欲し、前侍従中山忠光を擁して大和国へ入り、8月17日に五條市代官所を襲撃して挙兵した。
- In August 1863, the Tenchugumi (Heavenly Avenging Force,) a group of masterless samurai (roshi) who revered the emperor like Torataro YOSHIMURA, Keido MATSUMOTO, and Tesseki FUJIMOTO, raised an army in order to charge ahead of Emperor Komei's Imperial Trip to the Yamato Province and, led by ex-chamberlain Tadamitsu NAKAYAMA, they went to Yamato Province and attacked the magistrate's office in Gojo City on August 17.
- 薩摩の剣客村上喜剣は、京都の一力茶屋で放蕩を尽くす大石内蔵助をみつけると、「亡君の恨みも晴らさず、この腰抜け、恥じ知らず、犬侍」と罵倒の限りを尽くし、最後に大石の顔につばを吐きかけて去っていった。
- When an expert swordsman from Satsuma, Kiken MURAKAMI, found Kuranosuke OISHI at Ichiriki-jaya Teahouse indulging in dissipation, he insulted him by saying 'you do not even avenge for your lord, this coward, shame on you, you do not know what it means to be a samurai' and spit on Oishi's face before leaving.
- 地侍たちは、侍身分となることで、中央の守護や、在地の国人のような領国支配者の下で小領主となることを指向していたが、支配者から見れば、地侍は在地百姓の有力者に過ぎず、被支配者と見なされがちであった。
- Ji-zamurai intended to become small lords under the rule of central and provincial governors, but they were regarded as subjects since they were just powerful farmers from the perspective of governors.
- その後内侍司となった朧月夜と源氏の関係が発覚したことで、源氏の失脚を謀り須磨への追放に成功したが、父太政大臣(元右大臣)の死去、また自らの病で力を失い、朱雀帝の源氏召還を止めることができなかった。
- After that, when Genji's affair with Oborozukiyo who was Naishi no tsukasa (female palace attendant) was revealed, the Empress Kokiden succeeded in ruining Genji and exiling him to Suma; when her father Daijo-daijin (Grand Minister and ex-Minister of the Right) died and her own health deteriorated due to illness, however, she couldn't stop the Emperor Suzaku from pardoning Genji.
- また、嵯峨朝になると、種継の子で平城天皇の内侍司として権勢を握った藤原薬子とその兄藤原仲成が反乱を企てて断罪された薬子の変の発生に加え、嵯峨天皇・橘嘉智子の信頼を受けた北家の冬嗣の台頭も背景にある。
- Furthermore, the Kusuko Incident, a failed rebellion by FUJIWARA no Nakanari and his sister Kusuko who was a daughter of Tanetsugu and held power as naishi no tsukasa (a female palace attendant) for Emperor Heizei, as well as the rise of FUJIWARA no Fuyutsugu from Fujiwara Hokke who won trust of Emperor Saga and TACHIBANA no Kachiko, also led to the decline of Shikike.
- 「奥羽永慶軍記」には、景勝は大変な女嫌いで身辺に女を一切近づけず、また正室の菊姫 (大儀院)と非常に不仲であると共に、極めて衆道を好み、身辺にはもっぱら美貌の少年達のみを侍らせていたという話がある。
- A war chronicle entitled Ouu Eikei Gunki contains a tale of Kagekatsu having extraordinary hatred for women, that he actively kept women away from him, and that he did not get along with his wife, Kikuhime (Daigiin); instead it has been told that he had an affinity for men, and often kept good-looking boys close to him.
- 最後の「女性論」では、清少納言・紫式部・和泉式部・小式部内侍・大和宣旨・小侍従ら宮廷の花を語るが、中でも作者が賛美したかったのは、伊勢 (歌人)・選子内親王・藤原定子・藤原歓子の四人であったらしい。
- In the last chapter on women, stars in the Imperial court such as Sei Shonagon, Murasaki Shikibu, Izumi Shikibu, Koshikibu no Naishi, Yamato no Senji, and Kojiju are the topics of discussion, but the author seems to give the highest praise to Ise, who was a poet, Imperial Princess Senshi, FUJIWARA no Teishi, and FUJIWARA no Kanshi.
- 毎月一日、天皇が三種の神器が安置されている内侍所へ参拝する為に御月扇として月毎に扇が新調されたほか、毎年、絵所から賢聖御末広として、表面に古代中国の賢聖、裏面に金銀砂子に草花を描いた扇が献上された。
- A Sensu was made every month for an On-tsuki-ogi (御月扇) because the Emperor carried it with him for a visit at the Naishidokoro (a place where the sacred mirror was enshrined) storing the three sacred imperial treasures on the 1st day of the month, and also the Edokoro government office presented a fan with pictures of Kenjo sage in ancient China on its surface and pictures of plants and flowers on Kin-gin Sunago (gold and silver leaf reduced to powder) on the reverse side as a Kenjo-Onsuehiro fan.
- 4代目正親町三条実躬までは大納言が極位極官であったが、5代目正親町三条公秀の娘で北朝光厳天皇の典侍であった藤原秀子(陽禄門院)が、崇光天皇、後光厳天皇を産み、天皇の外戚になったため、大臣家となった。
- Up to the time of the fourth family head Sanemi OGIMACHISANJO, as Dainagon (chief councilor of state) was the highest court rank or government post available, the OGIMACHISANJO family, having become the maternal relative of the Emperor, with FUJIWARA no Hideko (Yorokumon-in), who was the daughter of the fifth family head Kinhide OGIMACHISANJO and Naishi no suke (a court lady of the first rank) to Emperor Kogen of the Northern Court producing Emperor Suko and Emperor Gokogon, was made the house of minister.
- やがて、文章博士経験者が従来の明経博士経験者に代わって大学頭・侍読・式部大輔などの要職を独占して公卿に昇進する者も登場するようになり、明経道が管轄する儒学に関する事柄にも文章道が関与することもあった。
- Later, as those who experienced monjo hakase, instead of those who experienced myogyo hakase, began dominating important positions such as daigaku no kami, jidoku (imperial tutor) and shikibu no taifu (Senior Assistant Minister of the Ministry of Ceremonial) and some were even promoted to kugyo, monjodo sometimes became involved in Confucianism, which was under myogyodo's control.
- 山内首藤経俊はこの襲撃事件を平氏反乱の兆しとは気づかず、12月25日に侍所別当和田義盛が幕府に事件の張本を伊勢国員弁郡の郡司進士行綱と報告し、翌元久元年(1204年)2月、行綱は召し捕られ囚人とされた。
- Tsunetoshi YAMANOUCHI SUDO did not recognize this attack as a rebellion of the Taira clan and Samurai-dokoro betto (the superior of the board of retainers), Yoshimori WADA, reported to the bakufu that the incident was caused by Yukitsuna SHINSHI, gunji (official of a county) of Inabe County, Ise Province, who was captured and sent to prison in March 1204.
- ところが弘化3年(1846年)、第14代藩主で兄の直亮の世子であった井伊直元(直中十一男、これも兄にあたる)が死去したため、兄の養子という形で彦根藩の後継者に決定し、従四位侍従兼玄蕃寮に叙位・任官する。
- In 1846, with the death of Naomoto II (the 11th son of Naonaka and Naosuke's elder brother), who was the heir of the 14th lord Naoaki (the third son of Naonaka and Naosuke's elder brother), therefore, Naosuke (the 14th son of Naonaka) was adopted as the heir to the Hikone Domain and appointed to Jushiino Jiju (Junior Fourth Rank Chamberlain) and Genba-ryo (the Office of Diplomacy and Buddhism).
- そして、同年8月2日 (旧暦)(9月5日)には三条河原において、秀次の家族及び女人らも処刑されることになり、秀次の首が据えられた塚の前で、遺児(4男1女)及び正室・側室・侍女ら併せて39名が処刑された。
- On September 5, 1595, the family of Hidetsugu including the women were executed at Sanjogawara; a total of 39 people including the bereaved children (four boys and one girl), a lawful wife, concubines, and waiting women were executed in front of the tumulus where the head of Hidetsugu was laid.
- 朝廷でも皇帝の趙匡胤や太宗 (宋)自らが書の研究や蒐集を愛好し、淳化3年(992年)には翰林侍書の中国の書家一覧王著に命じて、王羲之を中心とする古今の書蹟を集めた書蹟集『淳化閣帖』全10巻を編纂させた。
- Zhao Kuang-yin and Song Taizong, emperors of the dynasty, also liked to study and collect calligraphy works themselves, and ordered Wang Zhu, who was a court calligrapher in the Hanlin Academy and on the list of Chinese calligraphers, to compile a 10-volume calligraphy book named 'Chunhua ge Tie' featuring new and old calligraphy works, especially those by Wang Xi-zhi, in 992.
- その内容は、侍(さむらい)、中間(ちゅうげん)、小者(こもの)ら武家奉公人が百姓・町人になること、百姓が耕地を放棄して商いや日雇いに従事すること、逃亡した奉公人をほかの武家が召抱えることなどを禁じたもの。
- It banned the following things: Servants for samurai families such as samurai, chugen (warriors who took their orders from samurai) and komono (lowest-ranking warriors) settling as peasants or townspeople, peasants abandoning their farmland and engaging in business or working as day laborers, and samurai families employing servants who had fled from other samurai families.
- 国衙軍制成立の過程で武芸、すなわち軍事を専門とする諸大夫身分の貴族(軍事貴族)や侍身分の官人層が出現し、これらの層の上層身分たる軍事貴族層では、特に東国を中心として、自ら国司として現地赴任する者も現れた。
- In the process of establishing the kokuga forces system, shodaibu (aristocrat lower than Kugyo) (military aristocrat) or samurai officials who specialized in military arts appeared and some of the military aristocrats went to various provinces, especially those of eastern Japan, in order to serve as kokushi.
- 日光菩薩・月光菩薩は『薬師本願経』に、薬師如来の浄土である東方瑠璃光世界の主要な菩薩であるとして言及されるが、薬師如来の脇侍として造像される以外に、日光菩薩・月光菩薩単独での信仰や造像はないと言ってよい。
- Nikko Bosatsu and Gakko Bosatsu are described as the main Buddha in the Buddhist paradise of Yakushi-Nyorai, the realm known as Joruri or Pure Lapis Lazuli in the eastern quarter, Vaiduryanirbhasa in Sanskrit in 'Yakushi Hongan-kyo Sutra,' and it can be said that there is neither faith nor statues of Nikko Bosatsu and Gakko Bosatsu individually, other than the statues of the Kyoji of Yakushi-Nyorai.
- 少属の下に「史生」(しせい)→「職掌」(しきしょう)→「使部」(しぶ)→「直丁」(じきちょう)の下級職員と「侍長」(さむらいのおさ)→「侍」(さむらい)の警備職員、および「女孺」(にょじゅ)の女官が存在する。
- Under shosakan, there were lower class employees called Shisho, Shikisho, Shibu and Jikicho, security officers called Samurai no osa and Samurai, and female employees called 'Nyoju' (a court lady in a lower rank).
- なお、家煕の人となりや博学多才ぶり、高い見識のほどについては、侍医(専門は現代で言う小児科)で、茶人であった山科道安(やましなどうあん)がその言行を日録風に記した『槐記』11巻により、如実に知ることができる。
- In the 11th volume of 'Kaiki'. written by Doan YAMASHINA, a court physician (specializing in what is today known as pediatrics) and master of the tea ceremony, Iehiro's sayings and doings are described like a diary and we can clearly see his personality, varied attainments and considerable insight.
- ただし、信孝は侍従にまで昇進した殿上人であり、貴人が血統を保存するために側室を持つことが当然だった当時からすると側室、側室所生の子が存在し、徳川の世になってから世に出たとするのは的外れではないとも考えられる。
- However, it was natural at that time for a person of high rank to have concubines in order to protect his blood line, and Nobutaka was a tenjobito (a high-ranking courtier allowed into the Imperial Palace) who was promoted as high as jiju (a chamberlain); therefore, it is likely that his concubines and their children actually existed and made themselves known in the Tokugawa era.
- 王朝国家体制では四位、五位どまりの受領に任命されるクラスの実務官人である下級貴族を諸大夫(しょだいぶ)と、上級貴族や諸大夫に仕える六位どまりの技能官人や家人を侍(さむらい)と呼び、彼らが行政実務を担っていた。
- In the system of the dynasty state, lower-ranking nobles who were officials for practical works appointed to the zuryo and who were promoted up to shii (Fourth Rank) or goi (Fifth Rank) were called shodaibu (aristocracy lower than Kugyo) and the technical officers and kenin (retainers) who were promoted up to rokui (Sixth Rank) and served upper-ranking nobles or shodaibu were called samurai (warrior) and they were in charge of administrative affairs.
- しかし、地方に本拠を置く軍事貴族も、中央の有力貴族に名簿 (名札)(みょうぶ)を差し出し、私的な主従関係を結んで、多くの場合は直接京に出向いて奉仕し(それが「侍」であるが)、その推挙により武官の官職を得ている。
- However, military aristocrats with a main base in districts submitted the Myobu (identification) to central powerful aristocrats, held the private master and servant relationship, and many went directly to Kyoto to serve (that was 'samurai'), and obtained the court position of military officer by their recommendations.
- 昭和天皇の侍従長を務めた入江相政の著作「入江相政日記」には、「東宮様のご縁談について平民からとは怪しからん」と香淳皇后が秩父宮妃勢津子、宣仁親王妃喜久子の両親王妃とともに昭和天皇に訴えたという内容の記述がある。
- In 'a diary of Sukemasa IRIE' written by Sukemasa IRIE who served as the Grand Chamberlain of the Emperor Showa, there is a description that the Empress Kojun complained to the Emperor Showa with both Princess Chichibu Setsuko and Princess Kikuko, the wife of Imperial Prince Nobuhito, saying 'It is unforgivable to have a common woman as a wife for the Crown Prince.'
- 百人一首の中の小式部内侍が歌った「おほえ山 いくの(生野)の道の遠ければ まだふみも見ず 天橋立」の歌枕として登場する生野は福知山市内の地名であるが、このことからその福知山と交通の歴史の深さを知ることが出来る。
- Ikuno, which appears in the beginning of one of the Hyakunin Isshu (one hundred waka poems by one hundred poets) was composed by Koshikibu no Naishi saying 'The road going over the Oe-yama mountain range and via Ikuno is so far that I have not set foot on Ama no Hashidate or seen a letter from my mother yet,' and is a place name in Fukuchiyama City; this poem illustrates the long relationship between Fukuchiyama and transportation.
- 日蓮宗において本尊とされるものに大曼荼羅(「南無妙法蓮華経」の題目の周囲に諸尊の名を文字で記したもの)、一尊四士(釈迦如来と脇侍の四菩薩)、一塔両尊四士(宝塔を中心に釈迦如来・多宝如来・四菩薩を表わす)などがある。
- In the Nichiren sect, the honzon (principal object of worship) may be the Great Mandala (the Nichiren chant 'Nam-myoho-renge-kyo' surrounded by the names of Nyorai and Bosatsu), the Issonsisi (Shaka Nyorai and wakiji of four Bosatsu) or the Ittoryosonsisi (hoto (treasure pagoda) surrounded by the Shaka Nyorai, the Taho Nyorai and the four Bosatsu).
- 文治元年(1185年)1月26日、豊後国豪族緒方惟栄の味方などを得て、範頼はようやく兵糧と兵船を調達し、侍所別当の和田義盛など勝手に鎌倉へ帰ろうとする関東武士たちを強引に押しとどめて周防国より豊後国に渡ることに成功。
- On January 26, 1185, with support from Koreyoshi OGATA, a Gozoku (local ruling family) in Bugo Province, Noriyori was able to get army provisions and ships, convince Yoshimori WADA and other busho who wanted to go back to Kamakura even without permission and finally was able to go to Bungo from Suo Province.
- 二の丸御殿は手前から順に「遠侍」(とおざむらい)、「式台」(しきだい)、「大広間」、「蘇鉄の間」、「黒書院」(くろしょいん)、「白書院」(しろしょいん)と呼ばれる6つの建物が雁行に並び、廊下で接続され一体となっている。
- Ninomaru Goten consists of 6 buildings arranged diagonally one after another and connected by a hallway: Tozamurai, Shikidai, Ohiroma, Sotetsu-no-ma, Kuro Shoin and Shiro Shoin.
- 武士は当初、「侍」に象徴されるように天皇・貴族の警護や紛争の鎮圧を任とする階層であったが、平清盛の平氏政権を経て鎌倉幕府の成立に至り、旧来の支配権力である朝廷・国司・荘園に対して全国の軍事・警察を担う公権力に発展した。
- Bushi were firstly in the class which guarded the Emperor and aristocrats and suppressed the conflicts as symbolized in 'samurai,' but when the Kamakura bakufu was established through the Taira clan government by TAIRA no Kiyomori, bushi developed into the official authority which were in charge of military affairs and police activities against the Imperial Court, kokushi (provincial governors) and shoen which were traditionally ruling powers.
- 臨済は黄檗希運の弟子であり、河北省の地を拠点とし、新興の藩鎮勢力であった成徳府藩鎮の王常侍を支持基盤として宗勢を伸張したが、唐末五代の混乱した時期には、河北は5王朝を中心に混乱した地域であったため、宗勢が振るわなくなる。
- RINZAI was the disciple of Kiun OBAKU; the school grew as a religious movement centered in the province of Hebei, with the support of Changshi WANG of the Hanchin government, but in the confusion that arose around the end of the Tang dynasty, Hebei was at the center of the tumultuous five dynasties and it became difficult to sustain a religious movement.
- 筋は、平家全盛の世にひそかに源氏に心を寄せる梶原が研師の親子から源氏ゆかりの名刀を手に入れ、後日の挙兵を心待ちにするというもので、刀を買おうとする平家方の侍俣野五郎をあしらう様や刀の目利き、試し切りなどが主な為所となる。
- The program is a story of KAJIWARA, who, secretly feeling sympahy for Genji (Minamoto clan) when the Taira family was at the height of its prosperity, obtained from a grinder and his son a celebrated sword related to Genji and looked forward to the future rising of Genji, and the main highlights of the program are the scene of Goro MATANO, a samurai belonging to the Taira family, who tries to buy the sword but is given a cold reception, the scene of judgement of the sword, and that of cutting someone with the sword by way of experiment.
- ただ、『愚管抄』に保元の乱についての話が「少々アルトカヤウケタマハレドモ、イマダ見侍ラズ」とあること、また永仁5年(1297年)成立の『普通唱導集』に「平治・保元・平家の物語」が琵琶法師によって語られたことが記されている。
- 'Gukansho' mentions the Hogen Disturbance, saying, 'Although I have heard there may be a little something of the sort, I have not been able to see it,' and 'Futsu-shodo shu (A Selection of Ordinary Advocates),' completed in 1297, says that 'Tales of Heiji, Hogen and Heike' were told by Biwa-hoshi (a blind minstrel who played the biwa (lute)).
- 旗本や御家人などの一般の武士の住まいは民家とそれほど変わらない規模の建物であったことも多いが、上級や中級の侍屋敷では土塀や長屋門、式台を構え、下級のものも少なくとも書院造の座敷を設けるなど、格を示すような特徴を持っていた。
- Although many ordinary samurai such as Hatamoto (direct retainers of the shogun) or Gokenin (lower-ranked vassals) had residences which differed little from folk houses, upper or middle class Samurai Yashiki had mud walls, Nagayamon (a gate and long house for vassals), and Shikidai (an entrance hall with a wooden floor), and even lower class ones had at least zashiki (a tatami-mat reception room) of Shoin-zukuri style (a typical traditional Japanese style house), attempting to display their high status.
- 三重・新大仏寺の如来像(もと阿弥陀三尊像だが、江戸時代の土砂崩れで脇侍が失われ、本尊も体部が大破したため、頭部をもとに盧舎那仏坐像に改造)、兵庫・浄土寺 (小野市)の阿弥陀三尊像なども、重源が設置した東大寺別所の造像である。
- The Nyorai statue (which used to be the Amida Sanzon (Amida Triad) statues until the side samurai were lost, and the main statue and base badly damaged, in an Edo landslide, the head later being remodeled based on that of the Birushana-butsu (Birushana Buddha) seated statue) at Shindaibutsu-ji Temple in Mie and the Amida Sanzon statues of Jodo-ji Temple in Ono City, Hyogo, are also statues from the Todai-ji Temple branch established by Chogen.
- 舟橋を家名とするのは清原国賢(きよはらくにかた。従三位・大蔵卿・侍従・少納言)(1544年 - 1615年)の子で後陽成天皇・後水尾天皇の侍読を務めた舟橋秀賢(ふなばし ひでかた。従四位上・式部省・明経博士)の代以降である。
- Funabashi became the family name after the generation of Hidekata FUNABASHI (Jushiinojo - Junior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade), Shikibusho (Ministry of Ceremonies), myogyo hakase, a jidoku to Emperor Goyozei and Emperor Gomizunoo, and the son of Kunikata KIYOHARA (Jusanmi - Junior Third Rank, Okura-kyo, jiju, Shonagon) (1544 - 1615).
- 正平8年/文和2年(1353年)には侍所司を務めていた秀綱が、京を追われた後光厳天皇、足利義詮らを護衛している最中に討たれ、正平17年/貞治元年(1362年)には摂津神崎橋での戦いで、秀綱の子である佐々木秀詮兄弟が討たれる。
- In 1353, Hidetsuna who took the position of Samurai-dokoro no tsukasa (the officer of the Board of Retainers) was killed while protecting Emperor Gokogon, Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, and others who were expelled from Kyoto, and in 1362 the hideakira SASAKI brothers, who were sons of Hidetsuna, were killed in the battle of Settsu Kanzaki-bashi bridge.
- 平安時代に入ると、蔵人など後宮出入りの職権を持つ官職が登場するようになると、後宮十二司の役割が低下し、10世紀の中頃には内侍司に他の11司の機能が吸収・統合される形で後宮の機構改革が行われながら摂関政治期を迎えることになった。
- In the early Heian period, job grades such as kurodo that had authority of comings and goings in the kokyu appeared, which lowered the role of the kokyu junishi, and in the middle of the tenth century, while the structural reform of the kokyu was performed in the form of the functions of eleven tsukasa being absorbed/integrated by the Naishino tsukasa, the Sekkanseiji Period (regency period) made a start.
- 日本では偏袒右肩で衣をまとって施無畏印・与願印か説法印を結んだ釈迦如来(しゃかにょらい)を中尊として、脇侍(きょうじ、わきじ)として左に騎獅の文殊菩薩(もんじゅぼさつ)、右に乗象の普賢菩薩(ふげんぼさつ)を配置するのが一般的。
- In Japan, this style normally installs Shakanyorai with a robe worn with the right shoulder exposed with Semu-in, Yogan-in or Seppo-in as the Chuson (center) with Monju Bosatsu riding on a lion to the left and Fugen Bosatsu riding an elephant to the left (as attendant figures).
- 江戸時代初頭、四辻公遠の娘・与津子は後水尾天皇の典侍となり、天皇の寵愛を受けて皇子(夭折)と皇女(後の文智女王)を儲けたが、これが徳川和子の入内直前の出来事であったため、江戸幕府の怒りを買い、一時宮中から追放される羽目にあった。
- Yotsuko, the daughter of Kinto YOTSUTSUJI, became a maid of honor of the Emperor Gomizunoo in the beginning of the Edo period and, while in the Emperor's favor, gave birth to a prince (who died young) and a princess (later Bunchijoo), but the births took place shortly before the marriage of the Emperor Gomizunoo to Kazuko TOKUGAWA and thus invoked the wrath of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), with the result that she was temporarily expelled from the court.
- 室町時代に入ると地侍たちが地元の有力武士と関係を結んで寄親・寄子の関係を結ぶようになり、守護大名や戦国大名も有力武士を傘下に入れる過程で彼らの寄親としての権限を認めて、自らも彼らと寄親・寄子の関係を結んで家臣団に取り込んでいった。
- During the Muromachi period, jizamurai (local samurai) became involved with the local dominant samurai, forming the Yorioya-Yoriko relationship, while shugo daimyo (military governors) and Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) acknowledged their authority as Yorioya in the process of drawing dominant samurai under their jurisdiction and they also established the Yorioya-Yoriko relationship with them to include them amongst their vassals.
- もっと現在に近いものでは、日光街道の2番目の宿場町だった草加宿(現在の草加市)で団子屋を営んでいた「おせん」という老婆が、ある日、侍に「団子を平らにして焼いたらどうか」と言われて始めたのが名前の由来、というよく知られた挿話がある。
- There is a well known story of a time much closer to the present in which 'senbei' is derived from an incident in which an old woman named 'Osen', who was running a dumpling shop in Soka-juku (present Soka City), the second relay station from Nihonbashi, Edo on the Nikko-kaido Road, started to make and sell a different form of dumpling taking advice she received one day from a samurai who told her, 'How about making those dumplings flat and grilling them?'
- その後の頼盛の動向は『玉葉』によると、八条院より兼実に頼盛の申し状が伝えられ(3月7日条)、頼盛の後見侍清業が兼実のことを後白河に奏し(4月1日条)、清業が源雅頼に「頼朝は兼実を摂政に推挙する意向である」と語っている(4月7日条)。
- In regard to Yorimori's subsequent actions, according to the account in the 'Gyokuyo,' 'A communication from Yorimori was conveyed to Kanezane in the form of a letter passed along by Hachijoin (see the entry for March 7), and Kiyonari, Yorimori's guardian, reported the matter with respect to Kanezane to Goshirakawa (see the entry for April 1); Kiyonari then told MINAMOTO no Masayori that, 'Yoritomo intends to recommend Kanezane for the post of Sessho' (see the entry for April 7).
- 豊臣方の真田信繁・毛利勝永・大野治房などの突撃により幕府方の大名・侍大将に死傷者が出たり、家康・秀忠本陣は大混乱に陥るなどしたが、兵力に勝る幕府軍は次第に混乱状態から回復し態勢を立て直し、豊臣軍は多くの将兵を失って午後三時頃には壊滅。
- Charges by Nobushige SANADA, Katsunaga MORI, Harufusa ONO and so on on the Toyotomi side killed and injured daimyo, officers and soldiers on the bakufu side and put the headquarters of Ieyasu/Hidetada in a great confusion, however, the bakufu army surpassing in forces, gradually recovering from chaos, regained its balance, while the Toyotomi army, having lost many officers and soldiers, was destroyed at about 3:00 pm.
- 戦国時代 (日本)には天皇や摂関などが身分が低い者に対して命令を下すための奉書を発給する際にこれを承った弁官などが自己の青侍に命じて奉書を発給させた青侍奉書が存在したことが知られている(『親長卿記』・『宣胤卿記』・『実隆公記』など)。
- It was known that, in the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States), when the Emperor or Sekkan (regents and advisers) was to issue hosho paper (edict paper) to make a command regarding low ranked people, the benkan (Council of State) who received the order commanded his own Aozamurai to issue the hosho paper, which was called Aozamurai hosho (according to the diaries 'Chikanaga Kyo ki' [The Diary of Chikanaga KANROJI], 'Nobutane Kyo ki [The Diary of Nobutane NAKANOMIKADO] and 'Sanetaka ko ki' [The Diary of Sanetaka SANJONISHI]).
- 太皇太后・藤原多子の職事を長年に渡って務めた関係から、歌壇の中心である徳大寺家の徳大寺実定・実家(多子の兄弟)、女流歌人・小侍従局(多子の女房)、六条藤家の藤原清輔(太皇太后宮職における上司)・藤原重家 (刑部卿)と親密な交流があった。
- As he had been in the service of the Dowager Empress, FUJIWARA no Tashi, in the Imperial household agency for many years, he had established a close relationships with the main members of the poetry circles, including the Tokudaiji brothers, Sanesada and Saneie (Tashi's brothers), Kojiju no tsubone (Tashi's maid), FUJIWARA no Kiyosuke from the Rokujo-Fujiwara family (Tunemori's superior in the Imperial household agency), and FUJIWARA no Shigeie (the Lord of Justice).
- 古くは中納言以上の公卿であれば官奏を行い得たが、醍醐天皇以後には宣旨によって指名された大納言以上の特定の公卿が「官奏候侍者」とも称される職事公卿として専らこれを行うようになり、大臣と言えども天皇の宣旨を受けない限りは官奏を行い得なかった。
- In ancient times, any noble ranked higher than Chunagon (vice councilor of state) was entitled to do Kanso (submission of a report to the Emperor), but after the reign of Emperor Daigo, the post eligible for Kanso became limited to certain Shikiji-kugyo (high-ranked nobles engaged in submission of reports to the Emperor) who were ranked higher than Dainagon (chief councilor of State) and designated by imperial decree as 'Kanso-kojisha' (literally, attendants in charge of submission of reports to the Emperor), so that even ministers were not allowed to do Kanso unless they were so designated by imperial decrees.
- 特に宮中において天皇に近侍する蔵人・太政官において行政事務を担当する弁官・平安京の司法・警察・民政の実務を行う検非違使佐は仕事量が多く重要な官職であったこのため、それらの職務を同時にこなすことは実務能力に優れた官僚でなければ不可能だった。
- As Kurodo who valeted the Emperor at court, Benkan in charge of administrative jobs at Dajokan and Kebiishi no suke responsible for judiciary/police/civil affairs in Heiankyo (Kyoto) were particularly important official positions with a heavy workload, it was impossible for an official to assume these three positions concurrently unless he had an excellent business ability.
- そして、この戦いに参加した五十三家の地侍達を「甲賀五十三家」と呼び(さらに五十三家の中で六角氏より感状を貰い重きを置かれた家を「甲賀二十一家」と称した)、甲賀の地が織田信長に席巻されるまでの間、六角氏の下で諜報活動に戦闘にと活躍していった。
- The 53 families of jizamurai (literally, soldiers of the land) that participated in this battle were called the '53 families of Koga' (among them, the families which received a letter of commendation from the Rokkaku clan for taking part in the battle and were valued were called the '21 families of Koga') and they were active in both intelligence and fighting activities under the Rokkaku clan until the Koka region was seized by Nobunaga ODA.
- 伊藤が内閣総理大臣に就任したことにともない、三條は内大臣として宮中にまわり、以後は天皇の側近としてこれを「常侍輔弼」することになったのだが、そもそも内大臣府は三條処遇のために創られた名誉職であり、実際は彼を二階へあげて梯子を外したも同然だった。
- Once ITO assumed office as Prime Minister, SANJO transferred to imperial court as Minister of the center, after that, he served as a close adviser of Emperor, but Minister of center's Office was originally a honorary position exclusively set up for SANJO, so actually he was just like a man in a penthouse without means to go down.
- 巻末の跋文によれば、執筆の動機および命名の由来は、内大臣藤原伊周が妹中宮藤原定子と一条天皇に当時まだ高価だった料紙を献上した時、「帝の方は『史記』を書写なさったが、こちらは如何に」という宮の下問を受けた清少納言が、「枕にこそは侍らめ」と即答した。
- According to an afterword to the book, her motive for writing the book and the origin of the title came from the episode in which, when Naidaijin (minister of the center) FUJIWARA no Korechika presented to his younger sister FUJIWARA no Empress Teishi and Emperor Ichijo a bundle of paper, which was still expensive in those days, the Empress inquired, 'Emperor used the paper to copy 'Shiki (Records of the Grand Historian),' what do you think we could write on this?' to which Sei Shonagon answered, 'it (the book) would be good to use as a pillow.'
- 中世史研究史上においては「武士」と同義語として扱われることもあるが、「武士」は中世から近世(江戸時代)までを対象とし、また「武士」論は「武士団」を率いる「侍」のみを対象とすることもあるに対し、「武士団」ではその郎党も含めた社会的実態が問題とされる。
- It was treated as a synonym of 'bushi' in medieval history studies, but 'bushi' referred to those between the medieval to the modern era (Edo period), and 'bushi' theory referred to only 'samurai' that lead 'bushidan' while 'bushidan' was also concerned with social conditions that also included the roto (retainer).
- 古くから名所として知られており、一例として百人一首の小式部内侍の歌「大江山 いく野の道の 遠ければ まだふみもみず 天橋立」が見られるほか、丹後国風土記には、イザナギが天に昇るためのはしごが、イザナギが寝ている間に倒れて天橋立になったとの記述がある。
- Since it has been famous from ancient times, examples can be found in literature, such as the poem by KOSHIKIBU no Naishi in the Hyakunin-isshu, 'By Mt. Oe the road to Ikuno is long, I have not yet seen Amanohashidate'; and in the Tango no Kuni Fudoki it is written that Izanagi had a ladder to climb to heaven, but it fell over while he was sleeping and became Amanohashidate.
- 明治天皇に典侍として仕えた園祥子は基祥の二女で、天皇との間に猷仁親王、輝仁親王、静子内親王、恒久王妃昌子内親王(竹田宮恒久王妃)、房子内親王(北白川宮成久王妃)、允子内親王(朝香宮鳩彦王妃)、聡子内親王(東久邇宮稔彦王妃)、多喜子内親王の皇子女を儲けた。
- Sachiko SONO who served Emperor Meiji as a tenji (a court lady of the first rank) was the second daughter of Motosachi and she gave birth to Imperial Prince Michihito, Imperial Prince Teruhito, Imperial Princess Shizuko, Imperial Princess Masako who married Prince Takedanomiya Tsunehisa, Imperial Princess Fusako who married Prince Kitashirakawanomiya Naruhisa, Imperial Princess Nobuko who married Prince Asakanomiya Yasuhiko, Imperial Princess Toshiko who married Prince Higashikuninomiya Naruhiko, and Imperial Princess Takiko.
- 「職能」起源論では、武士とみなされる社会階層は源氏、平氏などの発生期には武芸を家業とする諸大夫、侍身分のエリート騎馬戦士に限定されていたとし、その後、中世を通じて「狭義の武士」との主従関係を通じて「広義の武士」とみなされる階層が室町時代以降拡大していった。
- According to the theory on the origin of bushi by 'samurai function,' the social class considered as bushi was limited to shodaibu or elite cavalry warriors coming from samurai status, whose family business was military art, during the period when the Minamoto clan and the Taira clan emerged; and later, through the medieval times, the class of 'bushi in a broad sense' came to have the master-subordinate relationship with 'bushi in a narrow sense' and expanded after the Muromachi period.
- 鎌倉将軍邸について吾妻鏡に記録がありそれによると神殿・小御所・常御所・二棟御所・釣殿・侍所などでの構成がわかっていて、寝殿造の構成を引き継ぎながらも武家独自の空間構成がとられていることが伺えるし、釣殿の存在は、池泉庭園が造られていたのではないかと推測される。
- According to the descriptions of the residence of the Kamakura shogun in Azuma Kagami (The Mirror of the East), the residence consisted of a shrine, Kogosho (the residence of the shogun's heir), Tsune no gosho (a room for the Shogun), Nitogosho (the main place consisting of two halls), a tsuridono (fishing pavilion) and Samurai-dokoro, which shows that it inherited the characteristics shinden-zukuri style architecture while adding distinctive samurai aspects and the existence of a tsuridono suggests that there was Chisen garden (Japanese style garden with a central pond and spring).
- 経忠の孫の藤原信隆は生前は正三位非参議止まりであったが、安徳天皇が伊勢平氏一門とともに都落ちすると、信隆の娘で高倉天皇の典侍となっていた藤原殖子(七条院)所生の後鳥羽天皇(後鳥羽天皇)が皇位を継承し、後鳥羽天皇の外祖父にあたる信隆は従一位左大臣を追贈された。
- Tsunetada's grandson FUJIWARA no Nobutaka was only able to rise during his lifetime as far as Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank) and was not assigned a court position, but after Emperor Antoku fled the capital along with the Ise-Heishi (Taira clan), the throne passed to Emperor Gotoba--who had been born of FUJIWARA no Shokushi (whose religious name was Shichijoin), Nobutaka's daughter and a onetime lady-in-waiting to Emperor Takakura--whereupon Nobutaka, Emperor Gotoba's maternal grandfather, was posthumously promoted to Juichii (Junior First Rank) and given the position of Sadaijin (Minister of the Left).
- 歌合に歌を詠進することになった小式部内侍に、四条中納言(藤原定頼)が「丹後のお母さん(和泉式部は当時、夫の任国である丹後に下っていた)の所に、代作を頼む使者は出しましたか。使者は帰って来ましたか」などと意地の悪い質問をしたのに対し、その場で詠んだ歌とされている。
- When she was to present a poem, Shijo Chunagon (vice-councilor of state - FUJIWARA no Sadayori) asked her maliciously 'if she had already sent a messenger to her mother in Tango (Izumi Shikibu lived in Tango, where her husband was working) in order to ask her to compose a poem instead, and if the messenger had already come back yet,' so it is said that she composed a poem on the spot.
- 中尊を坐像、脇侍を立像(りゅうぞう)とするもの(例:京都・仁和寺像)、中尊・脇侍とも立像とするもの(例:兵庫・浄土寺像)、中尊・脇侍とも坐像とするもの(例:京都・清凉寺像)、中尊は坐像、脇侍は跪坐(ひざまずく)するもの(例:京都・三千院像)など、形式は各種ある。
- There are various forms of triads: Amida is seated in the center with statues on both sides standing (e.g. the triad in the Ninnaji Temple in Kyoto), all three statues are standing with Amida in the center (e.g. the triad in the Jodoji Temple in Hyogo), all three statues are seated with Amida in the center(e.g. the triad in the Seiryoji Temple in Kyoto), or Amida seated in the center and the other two statues are kneeling down (e.g. the triad in the Sanzenin Temple in Kyoto).
- たとえば、17世紀初頭に刊行された『日葡辞書』では、BuxiやMononofuはそれぞれ「武人」「軍人」という訳語が与えられているのに対して、Saburaiは「貴人、または尊敬すべき人」と訳されていることからも、侍が武士階層の中でも特別な存在であったことは窺えよう。
- For example, 'the Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam' (Nipojisho, Japanese-Portuguese Dictionary), published in early seventeen century, gave the meaning of the terms Buxi and Mononofu as 'bujin' (warrior) and 'gunjin' (military man), respectively, however, Saburai was translated as 'a nobleman or person to be respected', suggesting that samurai were special people within the bushi class.
- 宝暦11年(1761年)、家重が死去した後も、世子の第10代将軍徳川家治の信任は厚く、破竹の勢いで昇進し、明和4年(1767年)にはさらに5,000石加増、御用人から側用人へと出世し従四位に進み2万石の相良城主となって、明和6年(1769年)には侍従にあがり老中格になる。
- Even after Ieshige's death in 1761, Okitsugu was trusted by the 10th shogun, Ieharu TOKUGAWA, Ieshige's heir; he was promoted quickly, given an additional fief of 5,000 koku of rice, promoted from an officer in charge of general affairs and accounts (goyonin) to a shogunate chamberlain (sobayonin), advanced to the junior fourth rank, became the lord of Sagara Castle with a fief of 20,000 koku, and was promoted to a grand chamberlain (jiju) and a senior councilor (roju).
- そこで当時院政を敷いていた後水尾法皇と江戸幕府との間で密かに万が一鷹司房子に男子が生まれないままに天皇が崩御された場合の時には小倉実起の娘(中納言典侍・実名不詳)が生んだ第1皇子である一宮が継承するという合意が出来ており、天皇や摂関家などの有力公家の合意を取り付けていた。
- There had been an agreement between Cloistered Emperor Gomizunoo, then taking the virtual reins of the court, and the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a nominally emperor-appointed Shogun) that, if Emperor Reigen died before Fusako TAKATSUKASA delivered a son, the Emperor's oldest son Ichinomiya born to a daughter (an unidentified Chunagon Naishi (a maid of honor to the Vice-Councilor of State)) of Saneoki OGURA would inherit the throne, and this agreement had won consent of the Emperor and influential noble families including Sekkanke (families qualified for appointment as Prince Regent or Chief Advisor to the Emperor).
- 文徳天皇即位から後一条天皇の万寿2年(1025年)に至るまで14代176年間の宮廷の歴史を、藤原北家、ことに藤原道長の栄華を軸にして、大宅世継(190歳)と夏山繁樹(180歳)という長命な二人の老人が雲林院の菩提講で語り合い、それを若侍が批評するという対話形式で書かれている。
- It describes 176 years of the Imperial Court's history, the reigns of 14 emperors from Emperor Montoku's ascension up to 1025 and the reign of Emperor Go-ichijo, with the prosperity of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan, and especially the glory of Michinaga FUJIWARA as its core, being written in the style of a dialogue between two extremely old men, 190-year-old OYAKE no Yotsugi and 180-year-old NATSUYAMA no Shigeki, with the criticisms of a young samurai, taking place at the enlightenment sermons (bodaiko) held at the Urinin.
- だが、荘園公領制が解体する14世紀に入ると、生産力の上昇や農民層の抵抗、更に荘園内部でも上級層の没落と下級層の上昇などが発生し、更にその中で上位の者は領主や地侍としての地位を獲得して荘園領主の支配から脱却したり、荘園内外にて独自の経営地及び独自の小作関係の形成を行うようになる。
- However, during the fourteenth century, many factors, such as the improvement of productivity, the resistance of the class of peasants, and the downfall of the upper-class together with the advancement of the lower-class, contributed to the demise of the shoen-koryo sei. Further, there were those of the upper-class who attained the position as a landlord or a jizamurai (local samurai) which enabled them to break away from the rule of the manor owners and to establish their own business managing and renting their lands to local peasants.
- また、四等官の仕組みも不完全な形態であり、蔵司・膳司・縫司・内侍司では、尚(しょう/かみ…「長官」)・典(てん/すけ…「次官」)・掌(しょう(まつりごとひと)/じょう…「判官」)の三等官制(さかん…「主典」相当が存在しない)がそれ以外の8司では掌も省かれて二等官制が採られていた。
- Moreover, the structure of Shitokan being in a incomplete form, in Kura no tsukasa/Kashiwade no tsukasa/Mui no tsukasa/Naishi no tsukasa, a Santokan system (excluding sakan) was adopted such as Sho/kami (a director), ten/suke (an undersecretary) and sho (matsurigotohito/jo...(hangan or a judge), and in other eight tsukasa, the Nitokan system was adopted.
- 十二御前と云ふ所は、天正十三乙酉年三月十五日(二十五日の誤り)、薄葉ヶ原合戦の際、山田城主山田筑後守辰業の正室(菊の前)侍女と、此所迄逃落て進退谷(きわ)まりし故に、断崖絶壁の頂上より、主従十二人手に手を握合ふて、身を跳躍して、箒川の深渕に投身自殺を行ふた戦争秘話の遺跡なり・・・
- The place called Juni Gozen is the site of the Battle of Usubagahara where Kikunomae, the lawful wife of Chikugo no kami Tokinari YAMADA, the lord of Yamada-jo Castle, and her lady attendants escaped from the pursuers and got stuck at the bluff and leaped hand in hand into the depth of Hoki-gawa River on the 15th day (error for 25th) of the 3rd month of the 13th year of the Tensho era (corresponds to April 24, 1585).
- 以上が従来の通説であるが、異説としては、六角氏綱(高頼の嫡男で定頼の兄)の子孫が信長に庇護され存続し、六角義郷が、(父あるいは兄にあたる六角義秀の旧臣であり、片諱を与えた)豊臣秀吉に仕えて12万石の大名となり、豊臣姓と侍従の称号を授かり始終優遇されたとされ、近年有力視されている。
- The above is the conventionally accepted theory, but there is another theory which holds that the descendant of Ujitsuna ROKKAKU (the heir of Takayori and elder brother of Sadayori) survived under the aegis of Nobunaga, and that Yoshisato ROKKAKU (the old vassal of Yoshihide ROKKAKU, who was the father or elder brother, and the Kataimina (a name for a dead person)) served Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI to become a feudal lord of 120,000 koku, was given the Toyotomi cognomen and the title of palace staff and was consistently well treated, all of which has been the prevailing theory in modern times.
- 16世紀に入ると、戦国の動乱の中で、本願寺教団は零細な農民から地侍、土豪などの武士階層に至るその組織力を武器に日本各地で活動を活発化させるが、山科本願寺は天文法華の乱により1532年に戦災にあい、第10代証如は摂津国西成郡(現在の大阪市)に蓮如が開いた石山御坊へと移り、石山本願寺とする。
- Following the dawn of the sixteenth century, amid the turmoil of Sengoku, the Honganji Buddhist sect engaged its activities in various regions in Japan using its power of organization, which was constituted by petty peasants up to samurai hierarchy such as the local samurai, the local ruling families and so on; however, in 1532 Yamashina Honganji Temple suffered damage due to the Tenbun-hokke-no-ran War, and therefore the tenth generation (Shonyo) moved to Ishiyama Gobo, which was opened in Nishinari-gun, Settsu-no-kuni (currently Osaka City) by Rennyo, which became Ishiyama Honganji Temple.
- 1936年(昭和11年)には、トーキー脚本に力を見せた脚本家グループ「梶原金八」のメンバーである山中貞雄を起用、山中が『河内山宗俊』を日活との提携で撮り、また、その弟子の助監督・萩原遼 (映画監督)が、山中の原作を得て自ら脚色し、高勢実乗を主演にした『お茶づけ侍』で監督としてデビューした。
- The company hired Sadao YAMANAKA, who was a member of 'Kinpachi KAJIWARA', which was a group of script writers that proved their ability in talkie scripts, and Yamanaka shot 'Soshun KOCHIYAMA' with Nikkatsu, and his disciple assistant director Ryo HAGIWARA (film director) gained and adapted the original script of Yamanaka to make a debut as a director in 'Ochazuke Samurai' (literally, 'rice soup samurai'), starring Minoru TAKASE.
- また、新渡戸は武士道が速やかに廃れたこと、人口の数パーセントを占める支配階級の理念でしかないことから、日本人の伝統に根ざしたものではないとも指摘しているが、日本人の伝統として受け継いだ内容を再解釈した新渡戸の『武士道』は山本常朝の「葉隠」とともに、海外における日本の侍のイメージを決定づけた。
- Also Nitobe pointed out that Bushido was not based on Japanese tradition because it became outdated soon and was an ideology of governing class that consisted only a small percent of the population, but 'Bushido' of Nitobe which reinterpreted the inheritance of Japanese tradition built an image of Japanese samurai in abroad with 'Hagakure' of Jocho YAMAMOTO.
- また、広義の場合には、豪族(大豪族)が中央から下ったか在地かはともかく、その地域で、数郡を支配する大勢力を有したのに対し、一般にその傘下にあるか、あるいは独立した在地の数村を支配する小規模の豪族である、地頭やその系譜をひく国人領主の家臣或いは被官たる者で地侍の主筋になる在地領主をも含む概念。
- In wider sense, while larger gozoku (local ruling families) had a large power to reign some counties in his assigned region whether he stayed in the center or the local, dogo was a retainer or hikan (low-level bureaucrat) of jito, who were usually smaller gozoku and reigned some villages which were under control of or independent from the larger gozoku, or kokujin ryoshu (local samurai lord) of the jito's linage, and even included zaichi-ryoshu (local lord) which was to be the main stream of jizamurai.
- この年に南宋を完全征服した元は、日本との同盟や南宋への牽制の必要もなくなった(後項参照)うえ、クビライは逃げ出した水夫より使者の処刑の報を知り、特に、通常の使者よりも高位(礼部侍郎)であった杜世忠の処刑に腹を立て、日本への再度の侵攻を計画し、1280年には侵攻準備のため征東行省を設置している。
- The conquest of the Southern Sung Dynasty in that year made it unnecessary for the Yuan Dynasty to align itself with Japan or warn against the Southern Sung Dynasty (refer to the relative paragraph described below), and further, Kublai became upset by the information brought by an escaped sailor about the execution of the envoys, particularly of Shizhong DU, who held a higher position (assistant minister of rites) than usual envoys, and consequently he planned to invade Japan again and in 1280 established the Eastern Expedition Field Headquarters to prepare for the invasion.
- 当時の百姓身分は農業や手工業の比較的規模の大きい経営者階層であり、この層に出自する者が地侍などの形で武士身分に食い込みを図るときには、勢力地盤となっている村の名前などを苗字とするのが普通であるし、そもそもこの階層は惣村共同体の足軽中で通用する程度に権威のある私称の苗字を保持しているのが通例であった。
- A farmer class of this age was a comparatively huge hierarchy, composed by businesspersons of agriculture and manufacture; when a person who was from this class tried to become warriors' class such as local samurai, he usually used a place name like home village's name as a surname, and people of this class usually had authorized surnames which they could use among 'Ashigaru' in the community of village.
- 副将軍として迎撃に出撃した教経は「者ども、北国の奴ら生捕られては残念であろう、さあ味方の船を組め」と大音声をあげて、船をつなぎ合わせて板を渡して平坦にして馬とともに押し渡る戦法で攻めかかり、教経が先頭に立って奮戦、敵の侍大将の海野幸広を討ち取り、大将の足利義清は船を沈めて自害して大勝した(水島の戦い)。
- Making a sortie as the lieutenant general for interception, Noritsune said in a loud voice, 'Everyone, it would be a pity if you get captured alive by those from the northern countries. Let's combine our boats!' and attacked by combining boats and placing boards onto them to provide a flat space and cross the sea together with horses; Noritsune fought furiously at the head and slew Yukihiro UNNO, Samurai chief of the enemy, and Yoshikiyo ASHIKAGA, the general of the enemy, scuttled his boat and killed himself, giving the Taira family a great victory(Battle of Mizushima).
- ただし、公家社会において政所及びこれを構成する家司の制度が解体された中世後期に入ると、公家の家臣層も諸大夫と青侍を中心とする家僕に再編成されることになるが、諸大夫を持てない中下層公家では青侍のみで家僕が構成されて公家家政を運営するようになり、青侍と家僕が同義語として扱われる場合もあった(『教言卿記』など)。
- In the late Medieval period, with the mandokoro (Administrative Office) and Ie no tsukasa (house steward) system that constituted mandokoro being broken up by the court, those of the court nobles at the level of vassals were to be reassigned to retainers, mainly including shodaibu and Aozamurai; however, the court nobles at the lower and middle levels who could not have vassals at shodaibu rank had only Aozamurai constituting their vassals and managing their households, whereas Aozamurai and vassals were treated as synonyms in some cases (according to 'Noritoki Kyo ki' [The Diary of Noritoki YAMASHINA]).
- この理由について、昭和天皇の侍従長を務めた入江相政は、自らの著書で『お上(昭和天皇)は大東亜戦争終了後、「国民が戦災の為に住む家も無く、暮らしもままならぬ時に、新しい宮殿を造ることは出来ぬ」と、国民の生活向上を最優先とすべしという考えから、戦災で消失した宮殿などの再建に待ったをかけていた』旨のことを記している。
- As for the reason, Sukemasa IRIE, who served Emperor Showa as Grand Chamberlain, described in his book that 'Okami (Emperor Showa), after the Greater East Asia War, put a stop to reconstruction of Kyuden and so on burned-out in the war with the view of giving top priority to improvement of people's living standards, saying 'A new Kyuden should not be constructed when people have no houses to live in and are in poverty.''
- 更に『吾妻鏡』建久2年正月15日条に書かれた職制においても、政所と侍所については行を改めて別当以下を記載しているのに対して、問注所については政所の項目の最後に「問注所執事」と1行で記されていることから、初期の問注所は政所に属する1機関であり、後に政所から分離して独立した機関となったとする説もある(佐々木文昭説)。
- Furthermore, in the entry about the titles of office written on January 15, 1191 in 'Azuma Kagami' (The Mirror of the East), while the betto (the assistant chief officer) and other officers of Mandokoro and Samurai-dokoro (the Board of Retainers) were each inserted at the start of a new paragraph, the 'head of Monchu-dokoro' is described in the last line of the paragraph concerning Mandokoro, which may explain, according to Fumiaki SASAKI, that the Monchu-dokoro in the beginning might have been a body belonging to the Mandokoro but later become a separate and independent body.
- 安置形態としては、毘沙門天を中尊とし、吉祥天(毘沙門天の妃または妹とされる)と善膩師童子(ぜんにしどうじ。毘沙門天の息子の一人とされる)を脇侍とする三尊形式の像(京都・鞍馬寺、高知・雪蹊寺など)、毘沙門天と吉祥天を一対で安置するもの(奈良・法隆寺金堂像など)、毘沙門天と不動明王を一対として安置するもの(高野山金剛峯寺像など)がある。
- The styles of placement are as follows: a triad style in which Bishamonten is placed at the center with Kyoji (attendant figures) of Kisshoten (Kichijoten, Sri-mahadevi, who is said to a wife of the sister of Bishamonten) and Zennishi-doji (who is said to be a son of Bishamonten) (Kurama Temple in Kyoto, Sekkei-ji Temple in Kochi, and so on); a style that places a pair of Bishamonten with Kisshoten (the statue of Horyuji Temple Kondo (法隆寺金堂) in Nara); and a style that places a pair of Bishamonten with Fudo Myoo (the statue of Koyasan Kongobuji Temple and so on).
- 発生期の武士の家組織の内部奉公人の中においても武士と同様に戦場では騎馬戦士として活動した郎党や、徒歩で戦った従卒がいたが、室町・戦国期になると武士身分の拡散が大きくなり、狭義の武士同士の主従関係のほかに、本来は百姓身分でありながら狭義の武士の支配する所領の名主層から軍役を通じて主従関係を持つようになった広義の武士としての地侍などが登場する。
- Also among the servants who belonged to the family organization of bushi during the early period, there were the roto who fought as cavalry warriors in the battlefield like bushi or jusotsu (officer's servants) who fought on foot, but in the Muromachi and Sengoku period the samurai status spread increasingly and jizamurai (local samurai), originally coming from the class of farmers, as bushi in a broad sense appeared by having a relationship between lord and vassal through the military service for the class of myoshu (owner of rice fields) of shoryo governed by the bushi in a narrow sense, as well as the master-subordinate relationship of the bushi in a narrow sense.
- このため輔(すけ)・丞(じょう)・録(さかん)の四等官(他の日本の官制の四等官と比較して官位相当は一段高く設定されている。)のほかに、天皇に近侍する侍従、宮中の警備、雑役及び行幸の際の警護役である内舎人、詔勅や宣命及び位記を作成する内記等、大蔵省や内蔵寮(くらりょう)等の出納を行う監物等、駅鈴や伝符の出納たを行う主鈴や典鑰が中務省の品官(ほんかん)とされた。
- Therefore, in addition to Shitokan (four classifications of bureaucrats' ranks, the official court ranks conferred to the Shitokan of Nakatsukasa-sho were higher than Shitokan in other ministries) consisting of Suke, Jo and Sakan, the following posts were counted among Honkan (government posts): Jiju (chamberlain); officials attending the Emperor, Udoneri (Ministerial equerry); officials taking charge of the Imperial Court defense and miscellaneous jobs and guarding an imperial visit, Naiki and others; officials engaged in drafting the two types of imperial edict (one was written in the classical Chinese and the other was in the Japanese syllabary) and the court rank diploma, Kenmotsu and others; officials engaged in accounts of Okura-sho (Ministry of the Treasury), Kura-ryo (Bureau of Palace Storehouses), etc., Shurei and Tenyaku; officials managing Ekirei (bells set in stations used for supplying horses), Denfu (certification for lending horses), etc.
- ドラマ中では、猪熊教利が名前すら登場しないこと、唐橋局が掌侍であること、兼安備後が奥の門の見張り役であること、花山院忠長の配流先が津軽であること、公家の処分が徳川家康による豊臣家を支援する公家の宮中からの追放を意図したものであること、広橋局以下女官を謹慎とする後陽成帝の案に対して徳川家康が難色を示し配流となったこと(後陽成帝の処分案が手ぬるいことになる)が異なる。
- The TV-adapted story differs from historical facts in that, in the TV play, even the name of Noritoshi INOKUMA is not mentioned, Karahashi no Tsubone is a naishi no jo (a woman officer who carries the Emperor's sword when accompanying him out of the Palace), Bingo KANEYASU is a watchdog at the Okunomon (Inside Gate), the destination of banishment of Tadanaga KAZANIN is Tsugaru, the punishment of court nobles was intended by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA to expel pro-Toyotomi nobles from the Imperial Court, and Ieyasu TOKUGAWA disagreed to Emperor Goyozei's proposal only to restrain the behaviors of Hirohashi no Tsubone and other court ladies and instead ordered them to be banished (this means that Emperor Goyozei's proposal for punishment had been more lenient).
- また、「雲居の雁」、「落葉の宮」、「朧月夜 (源氏物語)」、「軒端荻」、「浮舟 (源氏物語)」、「柏木 (源氏物語)」、「玉鬘 (源氏物語)(夕顔尚侍)」、「夕霧 (源氏物語)」、「秋好中宮」、「髭黒」、「葵の上」といった登場人物の呼称中で本文中に現れず、『源氏物語』が読まれる中で使われるようになってきた名前がいつ頃から使われるようになったのかを知る手がかりにもなる。
- It also gives us a hint as to when the following names came to be used such as 'Kumoi no Kari,' 'Ochiba no Miya,' 'Oborozukiyo,' 'Nokiba no Ogi,' 'Ukifune (The Tale of Genji),' 'Kashiwagi (The Tale of Genji),' 'Tamakazura (Naishi no Kami - Principal Handmaid) (The Tale of Genji),' 'Yugiri (The Tale of Genji),' 'Empress Akikonomu,' 'Kurohige,' 'Aoi no ue,' and so on, that do not appear in the text but were generated while people were reading 'The Tale of Genji.'
- そのほか、武家住宅の実態は今日でも十分解明されているとはいい難いが、およそは一棟あるいは棟続きの家屋の中に武士の詰所である遠侍や表座敷としての寝殿、対面所、客間として出居、公文所、居間などの諸室を配して周囲には堅固な塀や堀をめぐらすほか、小規模な家屋に対座して庭空間も寝殿造に比して小面積で、中門や車寄せの前庭が寝殿造の広庭にとってかわり、内庭が分化して鑑賞本位になっているとみられ、この基本構成は室町まで踏襲されている。
- Additionally, although the details of samurai residences are still not clear to this day, a typical residence consisted of the following up until the Muromachi period: In one building or a building with annexes, various rooms, such as a tosaburai (tosamurai), where samurai gathered, a shinden and taimen-jo (meeting place), where the samurai spent their days, Dei (Idei) as a guest room, Kumonjo (Office of Administration) and a living room, were placed with strong walls and moats surrounding the buildings, and the garden are was also smaller in comparison with Shinden-zukuri style, matching the smaller-sized buildings, and a front garden with a Chumon gate and entranceway was placed instead of the large garden typical of Shinden-zukuri style, and inside courtyard was divided into smaller sections mainly for viewing.
- 韈の革の同色ならん革を、二分計に細く切つて、強くのして、かた穴の頭に穴をあけて、穴の中より革を引出して(革の先を結ぶべし)、かた穴の左の方に穴二つ、右の方に穴二をあけて、穴より入て小穴より出引て、はこの方を結で、かた穴の中(ままこひたひのそばなり)へさし入べし(両方如(レ)此)、取革といふ五分許の革を取、革の座敷に入とをして、両方の革のはたに穴をあけて、一方をさし入侍れば、革かいさまになるを、続飯にてつけて、さきをそとば頭に切也。
- A soft leather with the same color as shoe leather, is cut exactly into two thin parts. It is stretched and extended. In the part of the leather used for a global shape, a hole is made. From that hole, a piece of leather is pull out and tied at the side. Left of the leather hole, make 2 holes. In the right hole, make 2 holes. The leather attachment goes into the big hole and comes out the small holes and is tied. Then, it should be inserted into the leather hole to the forehead of a stepchild. Both leather holes are done like this with about 1.5cm of the attached leather put into the place for this leather. To the ends of both leathers, a hole is made. From each end, leather is inserted and crossed the other. They are stuck by sokui (paste made of glutinous rice) and the ends are cut by the head part of a sotoba.