例: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 例:
- Examples:
- Example:
- eg.
- 御物の例
- Examples of Gyobutsu
- 八景の例
- The examples of Eight Views
- 能面の例
- Examples of Noh masks
- 稀な例。
- This is a rare example.
- 祓の事例
- Cases of Purification Rites
- 先后の例祭
- Reisai Festival for the previous empress
- 作り方の例
- Some examples of preparation styles
- 出世魚の例
- Examples of Shusseuo
- 伝統的な例
- Traditional examples of kaiseki ryori
- 福原流の例
- Fukuhara School examples
- 釜飯駅弁の例
- Examples of kamameshi as ekiben
- 支援内容の例
- Examples of support
- 白米の炊飯例
- Examples of cooking white rice
- 現在での用例
- Example at the present time
- 臣籍降下の例
- An example of being demotion from nobility to subject
- 狂言回しの例
- Examples of kyogen-mawashi
- 種類(一例)
- Variations (examples)
- 麻雀での用例
- Examples from mah-jong
- 日本国外の例
- Examples in foreign countries
- 襲の色目の例
- Examples of Kasane no irome (color combinations for female court attire)
- 臣下の着用例
- Example in wearing of a vassal
- 上皇の着用例
- Example in wearing of a retired emperor
- 天皇の着用例
- Example in wearing of an emperor
- 神事相撲の一例
- Examples of shinji sumo
- 以下はその例。
- The following are such examples.
- Examples are as follows:
- 「神国」の用例
- The example of 'Shinkoku'
- 酒造統制の例外
- Exceptions to the sake brewing control
- 皇太子の着用例
- Example in wearing of a crown prince
- 以下に例を示す。
- Examples are shown below.
- Examples are given below.
- 以下に例をあげる
- Examples are given as follows.
- 『例:贈正四位』。
- 'For example: Shoshii (Senior Fourth Rank), posthumously conferred'.
- 先帝以前3代の例祭
- Reisai Festival for the spirits of the three imperial ancestors preceding the last emperor
- 皇妣たる皇后の例祭
- Reisai Festival for the emperor's deceased mother
- 日本の練り菓子の例
- Examples of Japanese nerigashi
- 海外の練り菓子の例
- Examples of foreign nerigashi
- 城郭構えの現存例。
- This is an existing example of a castle-like jinya.
- 「ちゃった」使用例
- Examples of use
- 『例:贈太政大臣』。
- 'For example: Daijo-daijin (Grand Minister), posthumously conferred'.
- 目撃例も少なくない。
- There are not a few cases of witness accounts.
- 毎年の嘉例のごとく。
- Following the custom of every year.
- 午餐が常例であった。
- Full-house celebration was usually held at midday.
- 伝来された贋作の一例
- A sample of introduced counterfeit sword
- 例えば新体道である。
- For example, 'Shintaido' (martial arts uniquely combined with some body movement) regards jujutsu as such.
- (例)いろいろな芝居で
- Example 3: In various performances
- また形容詞の例としては
- Examples of adjectives are as follows:
- -n > -nn-の例
- Examples of -n > -nn-
- -m > -mm-の例
- Example of -m> -mm-
- 密教がその一例である。
- Esoteric Buddhism is one such example.
- 歴史上の皇位簒奪の事例
- Cases of historical usurpation of the imperial throne
- 皇籍復帰した例は除く。
- Examples of those who returned to Imperial Family are excluded.
- 「和風」芸術と文化の例
- Examples of 'Wafu' arts and culture
- 男女が性交を指す例え。
- This is an analogy referring to a sexual activity between a man and woman.
- 大星由良助などがその例。
- One of them was Yuranosuke OBOSHI.
- 万世一系がうたわれた実例
- Cases of using the theory of the unbroken Imperial line.
- 異例の伊勢下向であった。
- It was an exceptional trip to Ise.
- 中世以降の色目・文様の例
- Examples of color and patterns after the Medieval period
- 例大福Mac(iMac)
- Example: Daifuku Mac (iMac)
- しかし、近年は例外も多い。
- However, there are also many exceptions in recent years.
- どぶろく特区である区域の例
- Examples of the special zone of Doburoku
- 女系天皇の前例とされるもの
- Precedent of Female-line Emperor
- - 手に入れることの例え。
- A metaphor meaning to get something
- (例:竹内流、気楽流など)
- (e.g., Takenouchi school and Kiraku school)
- 右のアイナメはその失敗例。
- The ainame (rock trout), shown on the right, is a failed example of shioyaki.
- - 手に入れたいものの例え。
- A metaphor for something you want to get.
- 以下は被疑者の自己負担の例。
- The following example illustrates that a suspect paid his expense for a meal during the police interrogation.
- 宗家もその例外ではなかった。
- The head family was no exception.
- 手は右手左手両例が認められる。
- Some of them hold the fans with their left hands while others with right hands.
- 明治以降の公文書類における用例
- Examples of Usage After the Meiji Period
- 岡山市で事例が報告されている。
- A case of a shio katsudon has been reported in Okayama City.
- /z/(ザ行) 例 「なぜ」 -
- /z/ (z-sound) ex. 'naze'
- /g/(ガ行) 例 「はげ」 -
- /g/ (g-sound) ex. 'hage'
- /d/(ダ行) 例 「まで」 -
- /d/ (d-sound) ex. 'made'
- /b/(バ行) 例 「なべ」 -
- /b/ (b-sound) ex. 'nabe'
- 廃藩置県、日清修好条規、新貨条例
- Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures), the Japan-Qing Treaty of Friendship and the New Currency Act became effective
- また、詩歌にうたわれた例も多い。
- They also have been described in many poetries.
- 天皇や大臣などの高官に例がある。
- Some emperors and high officials such as ministers used this type of fan.
- その代表例のひとつが手事である。
- Tegoto is a typical example of such cases.
- - 厄や鬼が祓われたことの例え。
- It is a metaphor expressing that a devil or ogre is exorcised.
- 東京都でも確認された事例がある。
- Domi katsudon has been confirmed in Tokyo, too.
- しかし、『田村』などの例外もある。
- However, there is an exception such as 'Tamura.'
- 3例目の第119代光格天皇の場合。
- The third case; the hundred and nineteenth Emperor Kokaku.
- このことは前例にないことであった。
- There was no precedent like this.
- 自治体が放流を禁じている例もある。
- Some local governments prohibit any discharge of lanterns and other objects into the sea and river.
- これは、その象徴的な事例であろう。
- One might say this is a symbolic example of the people's support for Gidayu-bushi.
- 例として鶴巻温泉の元湯・陣屋など)
- An example is Motoyu Jinya of Tsurumaki Onsen.
- 踊りにおいて使われる例は大変多い。
- Uchiwa fan is frequently used in dance.
- ご祝儀に採用されるルール上の具体例。
- Concrete examples of the rules which apply for goshugi.
- 美しい女性を天女と例えることもある。
- Beautiful women are sometimes figuratively referred to as tennyo.
- 弓矢を射る事を模式的に例えた舞踊り。
- It is a dance which shows shooting Yumiya.
- 代表的なものをいくつか例に挙げると、
- Some typical examples are cited as follows:
- 次第に有償とする例が増えてきている。
- The number of such guides who receive financial compensation is gradually increasing.
- 後冷泉天皇は三后並立の唯一の例である。
- There was only one example of having Sango heiritsu (having three Empresses at the same time) during the Emperor Goreizei's reign.
- 例外なく綬を通す為の孔が穿たれている。
- A bore to pass a ribbon through is provided without exception.
- 恒例のように若草鹿之助のライブがある。
- As an annual event, Shikanosuke WAKAKUSA holds a live concert.
- 称制は、天智天皇と持統天皇の例がある。
- As the examples of the emperors who governed the nation without holding an enthronement ceremony, there are Emperor Tenchi and Empress Jito.
- 具体例では越前松平家の例が著名である。
- Specifically, the family of Echizen-MATSUDAIRA is a typical example.
- その最初の例はフランスのパリであった。
- The first example of this was in Paris, France.
- これは意図的に相打ち死した事例である。
- This is an example of the intentional aiuchi to death.
- これが年中行事と結びついた例といえる。
- And it is an example as that a folk remedy came to be tied up with an annual event.
- その一例が下水再生水の無償提供である。
- One example is the donation of recycled waste water.
- もちろん日本の作曲家にも使用例が多い。
- Of course, there are many examples of its use by Japanese composers.
- おぼろの例として田麩(でんぶ)がある。
- One of the dishes categorized in oboro is, for example, denbu (mashed and seasoned fish, flesh of whitefish and shrimp that has been boiled, shredded, parched, seasoned, and colored red).
- ただし初例については諸説あり定説はない。
- However there is no universally accepted theory as to when the first kabuki, kaomisekogyo was performed.
- 着地型旅行商品の販売に係る旅行業法の特例
- Exceptions to the Travel Agency Act regarding sales of landing-type travel commodities
- 同年9月、新出版条例公布、改印制度廃止。
- In September in the same year, a new publishing ordinance was promulgated and the change-seal system was abolished.
- 市川宗家の助六で長唄を使ったた珍しい例。
- This was a rare case where Nagauta was used in 'Sukeroku' performed by the Danjuro ICHIKAWA family, the head family of Kabuki.
- 他に、健康指向で愛用されている例が多い。
- In addition to those, there are many instances of Ecchu fundoshi used habitually for the health-oriented purpose.
- これは王族以外から立后された初例である。
- This was the first time that a person other than the royal family became empress.
- 中宮職が皇后に付置された最初の例である。
- This was the first case in which Chugushiki was assigned to an empress.
- 具体的には、下記の例のように掲載される。
- It is run as follows in specific examples.
- 転じて、変な顔のこと(例:顔面福笑い)。
- The term 'Fukuwarai' has since come to mean a strange face (e.g., 'Ganmen fukuwarai' means to have a funny facial expression).
- 同様の例として、冬至の日の柚子湯がある。
- One of the similar example is yuzuyu (a hot citron bath) on winter solstice.
- ほぐして、パスタにあえて食べる例が多い。
- Italians often eat bottarga by flaking it and then mixing it with pasta.
- 一方「唄もの」の代表例が「長唄」である。
- Nagauta (long epic songs with shamisen accompaniment) is an example representative of song-like performance.
- なお、式に準じたものとして例が挙げられる。
- Furthermore, the type of regulation based on shiki includes 'rei'.
- このような父子逆転の加後号は他に例がない。
- There is no other example like the above, in which the son's and father's names have been turned around.
- 用例には腕相撲、足相撲、指相撲などがある。
- Ude-zumo (arm wrestling), ashi-zumo, (foot wrestling), and yubi-zumo (finger wrestling) are examples of this.
- しかし、いずれも極めて僅少な事例であった。
- However, these are extremely rare occasions.
- 備考:團十郎の助六で長唄を使った珍しい例。
- This program rarely used Nagauta for 'Sukeroku' by Danjuro.
- 特に2音節の結合単位については例外がない。
- Particularly, when the unit consists of two syllables, they are never combined.
- 『式例和曾我』(しきれい やわらぎ そが)
- 'Shikirei Yawaragi Soga'
- 首都を移す「遷都の詔」などがその例である。
- Sento no Mikotonori (the relocation of the capital) was the example.
- (例:2000年芸術・文化・ファッション)
- (e.g.: Art, culture and fashion in 2000)
- しかしながら、次のような例外は考えられる。
- However, the following exceptions exist.
- 歌詞は縁起をかつぐ内容が多いが例外もある。
- The lyrics of the song may be associated with believing in omens, but there are exceptions.
- ヒンドゥー教の神話でも虹を弓に例えている。
- In the myths of Hinduism, a rainbow is also compared to a bow.
- 演者が実際に高座で倒れる『死神』が代表例。
- 'Shinigami (the God of Death)' is a typical example, in which a storyteller falls down at the Koza (the stage on which a rakugo storyteller sits).
- 安久美神戸神明社例祭(1980年1月28日)
- Akumikanbe-shinmeisha Shrine's annual festival (January 28, 1980)
- 本項では主に日本における事例について述べる。
- This section mainly describes the cases in Japan.
- 一方、讒謗律、新聞紙条例で言論規制を行った。
- In the meantime, suppression of free speech came into effect with implementation of Zanboritsu (the Defamation Law) and Shinbunshi Jorei (Press Regulations).
- 実体のないことの例え(幽霊は肉体がないので)
- As a metaphor for things with no substance, deriving from the idea that yurei have no physical form.
- 以後、藤原氏の子女が皇后になる先例となった。
- This set a precedent that children of the Fujiwara clan became empress.
- なお特例として近世の天皇の神事用の扇がある。
- A special case was fans for the emperor used in Shinto rituals in the early-modern times.
- 慣例に従い、女児に近い格好で育てられていた。
- In accordance with the custom, he was usually dressed in girlish costumes when he was a child.
- 以下に例を示す(○は中り、×は外れを示す)。
- Examples are shown as follows (O means a hit and X means a miss).
- 動詞における音便の例としては以下のものがある。
- Examples of euphonic changes of verbs are as follows:
- 具体例(有栖川宮)利子女王→貞愛親王妃利子女王
- An example of this is Arisugawa no miya Princess Toshiko who became the Princess Toshiko Joo, the wife of the Imperial Prince Sadanaru, after her marriage.
- 明治時代以降は、4例の立太子礼が行われている。
- After the Meiji period, the Rittaishi no Rei took place four times.
- 徳仁親王妃雅子の青色唐衣もまたこの例に従った。
- The blue karaginu of Princess Masako, the wife of Imperial Prince Naruhito, also conformed to this case.
- 弥生時代から奈良時代の遺跡などに発掘例がある。
- Some were found at the ruins that were constructed from the Yayoi period to the Nara period.
- 例えば能楽では能管、民謡や多くの祭礼では篠笛。
- For example, it means Nohkan in the case of Noh and shinobue in the cases of folk music as well as many of rites and festivals.
- 前近代の慣例はここに廃止されたものと解される。
- It is believed that pre-modern customs were abandoned at around this time.
- こうして11月1日吉例顔見世興行の初日を迎える。
- Finally on November 1, the first festive kaomise performance was shown.
- 蜷飾りは蘇芳もしくは紫1色、6色などの例がある。
- Nina decorations were dyed in dark red, purple, or six colors.
- 以上、宮家から入って皇統を継いだ天皇は3例ある。
- There are three examples how members of the Miyake succeeded into the Imperial throne.
- しかし、慣例としてこれに準じた儀礼が採用された。
- However, rites based on these ordinances were adopted as customary practices.
- 例としては近畿地方の濃口醤油は色が一般的に濃い。
- For instance, koikuchi soy-sauce in the Kinki region is particularly dark-colored in general.
- ふつうの短歌を催馬楽の調子でうたった例がおおい。
- There are many cases in which ordinary Tanka (31syllable poem) was sung with Saibara beat.
- 濃厚な味付けに特色があり、卵でとじない例も多い。
- They are characterized by rich seasoning, and eggs are not always used.
- 例えばユッケは「肉膾」と書き、膾の一種とされる。
- For example, 'yukke' (raw meat food) is spelled as '肉膾' (meat namasu) and is regarded as a kind of namasu.
- また、日本の古典的な理想の男子像にも例えられる。
- It is also likened to the image of a 'classical ideal Japanese man.'
- 海苔を「磯の花」として例えた事から名付けられた。
- It was named by likening nori to 'flowers of the shore,' with flowers meaning hana in Japanese.
- 近代では森鴎外の『高瀬舟』の中にその用例がある。
- In modern times, an example can be seen in Ogai MORI's novel 'Takasebune' (The Boat on the Takase-gawa River).
- 例えば、「肥前国風土記」には、こんな記事がある。
- For example, 'Hizen no kuni fudoki' (the topography of Hizen Province) contains an article as follows :
- 以下の例に示すように今では日本各地の駅に見られる。
- Today, kamameshi is seen everywhere in Japan as follows.
- これほどのロングラン公演は前例のないことであった。
- Such a long run kanjin-Noh performance had never been held before this.
- これは、前斎宮の内親王が降嫁した唯一の例となった。
- This was the sole case of a marriage of an Imperial Princess who was formally Saigu to a subject.
- 7月30日 明治天皇例祭(めいじてんのうれいさい)
- July 30: Meiji Tenno-reisai Festival (an annual festival for Emperor Meiji)
- 新酒(しんしゅ)とは、一般に次の用例で用いられる。
- Shin-shu is generally used in the following examples:
- また、コンビニ弁当などとして販売される事例も多い。
- They are often among the bentos sold at convenience stores.
- ほどなく下鴨神社に到着、そこへ例の若い女が登場する。
- In a while he arrives at Shimogamo-jinja Shrine and there appears the young woman.
- 舞台を壊しかけたチャリ掛けを役者が救った例と言える。
- That is a good example of an actor saving a bad chari that almost spoiled the performance.
- 「日本国皇帝」の使用例は外交文書で最も多く見られる。
- Examples of the usage of 'Nihonkoku Kotei' title can mostly be seen in diplomatic documents.
- 地方に下った宮家の例としては他に五辻宮が挙げられる。
- There was the example of the Itsutsujinomiya family who went to the country and established a household of the Imperial prince.
- As for an example of the Imperial Houses that moved into the local region, there is Gotsuji no Miya.
- この事例は、臣下の協議による皇位継承の先例となった。
- This became an example of Imperial succession decided in a conference.
- 1月30日 孝明天皇例祭(こうめいてんのうれいさい)
- January 30: Komei Tenno-reisai Festival (an annual festival for Emperor Komei)
- 「しょうゆ」という語は15世紀ごろから用例が現れる。
- Examples using the term of 'soy-sauce' started to appear around the 15th century.
- このうち飯碗・汁碗などは漆器を用いるのが通例である。
- Usually, lacquerware is used for the rice bowl and soup bowl.
- 例えば尾上梅幸 (7代目)の俳号は「扇舎」であった。
- For example, Baiko ONOE (the seventh generation) also had a Haigo called 'Sensha.'
- また、近世では慶安の朝覲行幸では大臣の着用例がある。
- Also in recent times, at Chokin no Gyoko (New Year's visit to the Imperial Palace) in the Keian era, a minister dressed in the Kikujin no ho.
- 慣例としては10月から5月までの間に着るものである。
- As a matter of practice, people wear it from October through May of the next year.
- - 若いセミクジラのクジラヒゲが食用にされた例もある。
- - The instance that whalebone of young right whales was eaten existed in the past.
- 原則カ行の例を表記する(後述の形容詞においても同様)。
- In principle, examples of conjugation in KA-row sounds are shown (The same applies in case of adjectives).
- 青嵐と混同して強風としたり、嵐の後の凪とする例もある。
- There are examples in which haze is replaced by big wind, because it is mistaken for wind blowing through verdure, or replaced by calm after a storm.
- 備考:市村座以外で河東節「所縁江戸櫻」が使われた初例。
- Notes: This was the first time Katobushi was used at a theater other than the Ichimura-Za.
- 紅茶や中国茶等の外国の茶道具に類例の道具は存在しない。
- There are no utensils that parallel yuzamashi in the tea equipment of the other countries such as Western black tea and Chinese tea.
- 上皇となった天皇が再び天皇に即位した例もある(重祚)。
- Some retired emperors acceded to the throne again (choso [a second accession to the imperial throne]).
- しかし、その後、王の臣籍降下はわずか1例にとどまった。
- There was just one example of a Prince being demoted from nobility to subject.
- 但し自署においても「秋篠宮眞子内親王」とした例がある。
- However, in some cases the princess used 'Akishinonomiya Mako Naishinno' as her own signature.
- 白銀製で、二階棚の下段、右側に置かれるのが例であった。
- It was made by silver, and usually put on the right side on the lower shelf of Nikai-dana (a stand with two shelves).
- 冬場はやや日持ちするので、大なべで多めに作るのが通例。
- In winter, when nishime stays good for more days than in other seasons, it is usually prepared in a relatively large quantity, using a large pot.
- 例えば大坂で茶屋(ちゃや)といえば色茶屋のことである。
- For instance, chaya refers to an erotic teahouse (employing prostitutes) in Osaka.
- 例えば、柚餅子は日本各地で郷土料理として点在している。
- For example, many places around Japan insist that yubeshi (a sweet citron-flavored steamed dumpling) is one of their unique local dishes.
- 「金的を射とめる」とは望んだものが手に入った事の例え。
- The words 'hit kinteki' is a metaphor for getting something you desire.
- The expression 'hit kinteki' is a metaphor for getting something you desire.
- 歌舞伎座の前の天津甘栗の露天商などが代表的な例である。
- The tenshinamaguri rotensho in front of the Kabuki-za Theater is a famous example.
- 家庭では、ご飯にのせて食べたり、茶漬けにする例がある。
- In homes, it is eaten with boiled rice, sometimes with tea poured over it.
- 例:下記『螢の光』で「ほたるの」の「五」の音の連続等。
- Example: In the song 'Hotaru no Hikari' (Glow of a Firefly) which uses the 'Auld Lang Syne' tune, the successive sounds of 'five' at the opening word 'hotaru.'
- 一人で桜を愛でていると、例年通り多くの人々がやってきた。
- When he was admiring the cherry blossoms alone, many people came to see the flowers as they had done in the past.
- 近古の例では、江戸芝居三階を当たりぶるまいの会場とした。
- For example, in the early modern age, the third floor of Edo-shibai-theatre was used as the venue for feasting.
- なお八景以外にも、四景、十景、十二景などの例も見られる。
- In addition to Eight Views, there are examples of Four Views, Ten Views, Twelve Views and so on.
- 現在では鋲留めが多いが、近世では僧侶の扇などに例がある。
- Most of hiogi today use a rivet, but in the early-modern times fans for Buddhist priests used this four-knot pivot.
- これは女性が当主として宮家を継承した大変珍しい例である。
- This was a very exceptional example of a woman being succeeded to Miyake (house of an imperial prince).
- 12月25日 大正天皇例祭(たいしょうてんのうれいさい)
- December 25: Taisho Tenno-reisai Festival (an annual festival for Emperor Taisho)
- 例年海外では、卵の生食で食あたりする日本人が少なくない。
- Not a few Japanese eat a raw egg to get sick overseas every year.
- ここでは炊飯器を使った家庭向けの方法(一例)を記載する。
- The following is one example of the recipe for home cooking with a rice cooker.
- 金剛流能楽師と井上流の舞い手が夫婦となっている例もある。
- There have been some examples of a married couple of a Noh actor from the Kongo school and a dancer from the Inoue school.
- 古くなったり、使い終わった後は廃棄されるのが慣例であった。
- Conventionally it was disposed when it becomes old or after use.
- 同じような例に『義経千本桜・吉野山道行』の早見藤太がある。
- A similar role is HAYAMI no Tota in 'Yoshitsune Senbon Zakura, Yoshinoyama Michiyuki' (Yoshitsune and One Thousand Cherry Trees, Journey to Mt. Yoshino).
- 内親王・女王であって親王妃・王妃となった者も例外としない。
- No exceptions were made for Imperial Princesses and Princess who became consorts to Imperial Princes and Princes.
- これはあくまでもおおよその傾向であり、例外はいくつもある。
- This is an approximate trend with a lot of exceptions.
- また両流の拘束によらないかと思われる中間形式の違例も多い。
- There are also many exceptional cases that seem to be not bound up with neither of these schools.
- 律令制下の一氏族による国司世襲は、きわめて例外的であった。
- It was extremely exceptional for one clan to maintain the heredity of kokushi under the Ritsuryo system.
- 福井県・亀岡市・能勢町では「丁稚羊羹」と呼ぶ例が見られる。
- In Fukui Prefecture, Kameoka City (Kyoto Prefecture), and Nose-cho (Osaka Prefecture), mizu-yokan is sometimes called detchi-yokan (cheap yokan containing less azuki beans and sugar).
- 勝ち方は君前に召し出され、ほうびの禄をたまわる例であった。
- The lord calls the winners to him, and customarily offers them a stipend as a reward.
- 例えば墓室の壁画など呪術的なものに辰砂が多く使われている。
- For example, a quantity of cinnabar would be used for such 'witching' articles as the wall paintings of sepulchers.
- これに対し狂言は、一部の例外的役柄を除いて面を使用しない。
- On the other hand, in Kyogen, performers other than those playing some exceptional roles conduct performances without using masks.
- 臣下の着用例としては、六位蔵人の使用が代表的なものである。
- For the example in wearing of a vassal, the use of Rokui no Kurodo (Chamberlain of Sixth Rank) is the representative.
- 麺料理もその例外ではなく、スパゲティですら短く切り刻まれる。
- Even noodles are no exception, and spaghetti is also cut into short pieces.
- その後、初めて招いたお客に例のまずいお茶と利休饅頭を出した。
- He served the bad tea and 'Rikyu manju' to the first guest he invited after that.
- 殊に鎌倉幕府の源氏将軍として栄えた清和源氏はその好例である。
- In particular, Seiwa Genji, which flourished as the Genji shogun of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), is a good example.
- 藤原宗忠は「后一腹に皇子四人は、昔から稀有の例だ」と評した。
- FUJIWARA no Munetaka mentioned, 'It is unusual for the Empress to have four Princes.'
- それを、貞明皇后に見てもらうのが恒例行事であったそうである。
- It was an annual event that Setsuko showed the display to the Empress Teimei.
- 内侍司を指す場合もあり、天皇の母を大御息所と呼ぶ例もあった。
- It sometimes meant Naishi no Tsukasa (female palace attendants), and there was a precedent that the Emperor's mother was called Grand Miyasundokoro.
- 例えば、住吉大社に行幸する場合は「住吉行幸」などと呼ばれる。
- For example, Gyoko to the Sumiyoshi-taisha Shrine is called 'Sumiyoshi Gyoko.'
- 例えば、納豆をかけただけの納豆飯を「料理」と呼ぶ人は少ない。
- For example, very few people call rice with natto 'dish.'
- コロッケ単体ではなく、料理に加えて使用する例も多々見られる。
- Korokke are sometimes added to other dishes or served alone.
- そして1600年代からは酢を用いた例が散見されるようになる。
- And from the 1600s, examples of using vinegar came to be seen here and there.
- これを付喪神(つくもがみ)といい、この妖怪もその一例である。
- This is called Tsukumo-gami (gods of a variety of things) and yurei-gasa is one of the examples of this.
- 近世の例では黄丹袍と同様の鴛鴦丸文の経緑緯黄の浮織物とした。
- In the early-modern times, Ukiorimono (woven with raised designs) with green warp and yellow weft and the Eno-marumon (the design of mandarin duck making circle) similar to the Oni no ho (a cloth which a crown prince puts on in a ritual) was used.
- 三つ葵は汝の家紋と聞くが、このたびの吉例により、我に与えよ。
- 'I knew that the Mitsu-aoi is your family crest, but according to the festive custom, present it to me.'
- 例えば織部流のように「侘茶法」と「式典茶法」に分かれている。
- For example, like the Oribe school, a style is divided into 'wabichaho' (tea ceremony in the style of wabi) and 'shikitenchaho' (method of tea ceremony for memorial ceremony).
- 古代遺跡の発掘調査の結果、曲げ物が出土した例を以下に列挙する。
- The following are the examples of magemono found as a result of excavating and researching archaeological sites.
- その中の成功事例が全国普及を後押しをしたことは想像に難くない。
- It is easy to imagine that the success case among them triggered the spread to hot springs of all parts of the country.
- 例外的に宮中に仕える少女が成人用の袿の代用として複数枚用いた。
- As an exception, girls waiting in the Imperial court wore several Akome in place of Uchigi (ordinary kimono) for adults.
- 古い例では丸岡城の現存天守に葺かれている凝灰岩製のものがある。
- One of the old examples is the tiles laid on the existing Maruoka-jo Castle keep, and these tiles are made of tuff.
- したがって、王羲之の真跡は現存せず、蘭亭序もその例にもれない。
- Because of that, any of Wang Xi-Zhi's Shinseki (original handwriting) including the Ranteijo does not exist today.
- 王政復古 (日本)以降、皇太子以外の者が摂政となった例はない。
- Only crown princes became Sessho after the Restoration of Imperial Rule in Japan.
- 一例として、香川県では蕎麦よりも讃岐うどんを食べる風習がある。
- For example, in Kagawa Prefecture, people customarily eat Sanuki Udon (udon noodles from Kagawa Prefecture, formerly Sanuki Province) instead of soba noodles.
- そのため、基本的に収量と米質は反比例の関係にあると言ってよい。
- Therefore, we can basically say that the yield is inversely proportional to the quality of the rice.
- そのためか長物を扱うための基本とされ重要視されている例も多い。
- For that reason, it is often considered the foundation for wielding polearms.
- 空海が真言七祖像の上部に書いた賛(京都府・東寺)が古い例である。
- An old example of san is written on the upper part of 'Shingon Shichisozo' (figures of seven patriarchs in the Shingon sect of esoteric Buddhism) by Kukai (To-ji temple, Kyoto prefecture).
- 藤沢はこれを了承し、例外的なルールでの対局が行われた例となった。
- Since Fujisawa approved this, the game became the case which an exceptional rule was adopted.
- 皇帝の湯沐邑はこの一例のみで、その後は皇族が湯沐邑を与えられた。
- This was the only example of the Emperor's own Tomokuyu, and after that the Imperial Family was given Tomokuyu.
- 雅楽に関しては奈良時代に家芸として確立していた例も知られている。
- Some gagaku (ancient Japanese court dance and music), is known to have been established as iegei (family's specialty) in the Nara period.
- 卵にご飯投入派(卵かけご飯の逆パターン:生卵とご飯の食事の1例)
- A way of putting rice into egg (an opposite pattern of tamago kake gohan: an example of a meal using a raw egg and rice)
- その他の現在でも残る例としては萱普請(屋根普請)や溝普請がある。
- Other examples that still exist today include, kaya fushin (yane fushin) and mizo fushin.
- 芸術まで高められた高山の茶筅では「筌」の字を使うことが通例である
- The chasen made in Takayama has been elevated to the realm of art and is usually represented by a pair of Chinese characters including '筌' instead of '筅.'
- ただし、その区別は広く共通のものとはいい難い(以下は一例である)。
- However, the distinction is far from universal (the followings are examples).
- 例えば西暦2000年は、神武天皇即位紀元(皇紀)2660年となる。
- For example, the year 2000 by the Western calendar system corresponds to the year 2660 by the Jinmu Tenno Sokui Kigen (Koki).
- 死亡した当日に葬ったことと、陵地・陵戸がないことは、他に例が無い。
- There is no other emperor who was brried on the day of his death and who has no imperial property or imperial tomb guard.
- 要の金具は表に蝶、裏に鳥を配することが多いが、一方が梅の例も多い。
- The metal fittings of the pivot usually have a butterfly on the surface and a bird on the back, but not a few such fittings have Japanese plums on one side.
- 同日夜、皇太子は沖縄戦と県民の心情を思う異例の談話を発表している。
- The Crown Prince made an unprecedented remark on the same night that he sympathizes with people in Okinawa Prefecture who were tormented by the Battle of Okinawa.
- 仲哀天皇・神功皇后の実在性が疑われる中で、皇子もその例外ではない。
- The existence of the Emperor Chuai and the Empress Jingu is doubtful, and so with the existence of the Imperial Prince Oshikuma.
- 大正12年(1923年) 銚子別邸・瑞鶴荘にて突如違例、次いで重体
- In 1923, Prince Sadanaru became ill suddenly, his condition would worsen, becoming critical.
- 明治初期、官民で作成された憲法案では「皇帝」と表記される例が多い。
- In the drafts of Constitution prepared by public and private sectors in the early Meiji period, the title 'Kotei' was adopted in many cases.
- 特に太政大臣の忠雅が女院別当に補されたのは極めて異例のことだった。
- The appointment of Tadamasa, the Grand Minister, the position of Nyoin betto (steward to the mother of the emperor) in particular was a rare exception.
- 皇后(香淳皇后)の実家であったが、皇籍離脱の例外とはならなかった。
- This was the family from which Empress Kojun came from, however, this was not an exception.
- しかし、坂上田村麻呂や大伴弟麻呂や藤原頼経といった先例が存在した。
- However, there were seii taishogun such as SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro, OTOMO no Otomaro, and FUJIWARA no Yoritsune in the past.
- 例をあげれば「舞妓」「藤娘」「町娘」「武家娘」「姫君」などがある。
- For example, 'apprentice geisha,' 'wisteria maiden,' 'town maiden,' 'samurai daughter' or 'noble lady'.
- 通例は頭(かしら)、麹屋(こうじや)、酛屋(もとや)のことを指す。
- Kashira (a headman), koji-ya (a koji supplier), and moto-ya (a yeast mash maker) are generally included in san-yaku.
- トンカツ以外のカツを用いる場合にはそれが明記されるのが通例である。
- Katsudon with non-pork cutlets are usually specified by the names of such particular cutlets.
- 竃に架けるための鍔があり、それを羽根に例えて羽釜(はがま)と呼ぶ。
- It has a brim that is set on a kamado (cooking stove), therefore it is called hagama (kama with wing).
- 平安時代前期以降、天皇・皇太子・太上天皇・臣下の着用例が見られた。
- The Kikujin no ho was worn by an emperor, a crown prince, a Daijo tenno (a retired emperor), a vassal after the early Heian period.
- また庭上に降りる四方拝も御座は設けるものの出御に及ばない例であった。
- Also, she did not come down to the garden at the Shinto ceremony held on New Year's Day in which the Emperor pays respect to the deities in all quarters, although a seat was arranged for her, she did not in fact sit on it.
- 「てうち」という式例が12月に行なわれていたが、それも幕末に絶えた。
- A practice of 'teuchi', in which fans of actors appeared on the stage to praise them, was conducted in December (in the old Japanese calendar), although it was also discontinued by the end of the Edo period.
- 『吉例寿曽我』とも、また略して『曽我の対面』『対面』とも通称される。
- It is also referred to as 'Kichirei Kotobuki no Soga,' as well as in abbreviated versions 'Soga no Taimen' and 'Taimen.'
- 例示として岩波文庫版(校訂仲田勝之助)より東洲斎写楽の項を引用する。
- The following texts are quoted from the section of Sharaku TOSHUSAI of the Iwanami Library edition (revised by Katsunosuke NAKADA).
- 市町村は都市計画または条例により「伝統的建造物群保存地区」を定める。
- The local authorities determine 'preservation districts for groups of historic buildings' based on their city planning programs or ordinances.
- 平成期の青年に、煙管の先に紙巻煙草を差して、喫煙をしている例がある。
- There is an example of young people in the Heisei period who smoke a cigarette with it attached to the end of the kiseru.
- 近世の例では、形状は全く女性と同じだが、紐先に「立鼓」の飾りはない。
- In the modern times there was an example of Noshi, which was the same style as for women, but without ryugo decorations at the end of the strings.
- しかし、費用の問題から回収せずにそのまま流してしまう例も少なくない。
- But, quite often, people leave them floating away because of costs for collection.
- また立后のときは唐衣と表着に白を用いるのが平安中期以降の慣例である。
- Wearing white karaginu and omotegi (outer clothes) for the investiture of the Crown Princess was a customary practice after the mid-Heian Period.
- また、華道の池坊家にもこれと同じ慣例があり、小野専芳が改姓している。
- The same custom also exists within the Ikenobo family of Kado (flower arrangement), and Senho ONO (小野専芳) also changed his family name.
- 例えば、中国の黄酒を飲む際などにも、古くから行われてきた行為である。
- For example, people used to enjoy warm Chinese Huangjiu (yellow wine) from the old times.
- 一例として、福井県の郷土料理である「小煮しめ(こにしめ)」を挙げる。
- As an example, the following is the recipe for konishime (a dish coming from Fukui Prefecture).
- - 縁日で見かける例もあるが、駅前などで恒常的に商売するものをさす。
- Some are seen at fairs, but it generally refers to those who constantly do business in front of stations, and in other busy areas.
- う蝕により失われた歯形態は、ごく一部の例外を除き再生することはない。
- A tooth that has been damaged by dental caries will not recover its form, except in very rare cases.
- しかし、歌舞伎では場面の名称が本文の段名とは異なることがある(例1)。
- However, in Kabuki, some of the scene titles are different from the section names in the text (example 1).
- (例)石切梶原で、刀で巨大な石(の手水鉢)を一瞬のうちに真っ二つに切り
- Example 2: In 'Ishi-kiri Kajiwara,' at the scene the leading character cuts a huge stone basin in half in an instant
- などがあるが、上記の例はいずれも、語中の音-k-が脱落したものである。
- In both of the examples above, -k- in the middle of the word is omitted.
- 和歌・和琴などに秀でともされ、桓武天皇の先例に倣って鷹狩を復活させた。
- He was good at making poems and playing the 13-string koto, and he brought back falconry by following the precedent of Emperor Kammu.
- また、試合場の外に出ることを反則としても即座に負けと認める例も少ない。
- Additionally, while going out of a fighting area is an offense in such sports, the player often does not lose the match straight after in most cases.
- 以上の前提により「日本で伝承されてきた」幽霊とその他の類例を表記する。
- There now follow descriptions of yurei and similar concepts which have been passed down through generations as a result of the beliefs outlined above.
- これらの全てが後補と断定できない以上、こうした例もあったかもしれない。
- As it cannot be concluded that all of these decorations were added later, these instances could be possible.
- 古代日本の統一国家の樹立には朝鮮と中国が先例になっている可能性がある。
- There is a possibility that ancient Japan was unified according to precedents of Korea and China.
- もっとも、明治皇室典範の下で、王が華族の家督相続人となった事例はない。
- However under the Meiji Imperial Household Law, there are no examples of a Prince becoming successor to nobility.
- このような例は、明治時代~昭和時代に存在した久邇宮家の他には例がない。
- It is a singular event in history other than the Kuninomiya family that existed from the Meiji to the Showa Period.
- 例えば大相撲も本来は皇室神道としての奉納の祭りであり、神事でもあった。
- For example, a grand sumo tournament was originally a matsuri for dedication as the Imperial Household Shinto, and was also the Shinto ritual.
- 新宿「すずや」の「とんかつ茶漬け」は特異な茶漬けの例として有名である。
- Tonkatsu chazuke' (pork cutlets and cabbage on rice with hot green tea) at 'Suzuya' in Shinjuku is well known as an unusual example of chazuke.
- また、地域によっては武術の名称である棒術をそのまま使っている例もある。
- In some regions, 'Bojutsu' (staff technique), a name of martial arts, is straightfowardly used.
- 認定されるといくつかの特例が適用され、また場合により交付金も受けられる。
- Once the area is designated, some exceptions are applied and in some cases a subsidy is also granted.
- 以下にニュースや天気予報、新聞などに登場する、全国的な風物詩を例示する。
- The following illustrates nationwide Fubutushi that appear on news, weather forecasts, newspapers and so on.
- (出典例:古事記歌謡 大久保正 昭和56年7月10日 講談社 P174)
- (Reference example: songs in the 'Kojiki,' Tadashi OKUBO, July 10, 1981, Kodansha, p.174)
- このような皇后を、学術的には「非妻后の皇后」と呼び、あわせて11例ある。
- Such empresses are scholarly called 'Hisaigou no Kogo' (an empress who is not wife of an emperor) and there are eleven of these cases in total.
- この慣習に従い、政治実務から棚上げにされた人物の例として兼明親王がいる。
- An example of one person who, following this custom, was put aside from political affairs, was Imperial Prince Kaneakira.
- 藤原氏は対抗措置として、前例のない内親王の立太子を実現させることになる。
- To prevent that, the Fujiwara clan installed a Crown Princess for the first time.
- 極端な例では、母が全くの庶民の出である第119代光格天皇なども存在する。
- In an extreme case, the mother of the hundred and nineteenth Emperor Kokaku was a commoner.
- 第一親等の皇族でありながらも、当時の慣例に倣って源氏姓を賜り、臣籍降下。
- Though he was a member of the imperial family and maintained a first degree relationship, he was given the family name of Minamoto following the practices of the times and he became subject of the state.
- また、この時には2つの点で継体天皇の先例が強く意識されていたようである。
- It seemed like the example of Emperor Keitai was strongly considered in two issues at this time.
- 直系継承法と考えると、傍系継承で即位した実例との矛盾が生じるためである。
- Because if they consider it a direct succession code, there is an inconsistency between the real cases in which the imperial throne was succeeded to an indirect descendent.
- 持統天皇の時に火葬が導入されて以後は簡略化されて30日間が通例とされた。
- After the cremation was introduced when Emperor Jito passed away, the procedure was simplified and the ordinary enshrinement period became 30 days.
- 宗教施設の中には神仏習合の権現として参拝の対象になっている例も存在する。
- There is also an example that some religious facilities are the target of prayer as Gongen (avatar) of syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism.
- 例えば3万6800円の枡席Cを、4人で使えば一人当たり9200円になる。
- For instance, when the charge for Masuseki C is 36,800 yen, the cost is 9,200 yen per person if the masuseki is occupied by four.
- 本格的な芝居小屋では建物正面、入り口の上に櫓を設置するのが通例であった。
- Orthodox theaters have mostly had a yagura at the front of the building, above the entrance.
- 縄文時代の遺跡から出土した土器からサンショウの果実が発見された例もある。
- There was a case where the fruit of sansho was discovered in earthware excavated from ruins of the Jomon period.
- 突然大事な物をさらわれる事を例えて「トビに油あげをさらわれる」と称する。
- A phrase saying 'aburaage is taken away by a flying kit' is an analogy used to explain the fact that some very important item has suddenly been snatched away.
- 味噌汁の具(実)には、地方風土により様々な差異があるがここに一例を記す。
- There are various ingredients (mi) of miso soup depending on the areas and some examples follow;
- 各都道府県の条例では、施設の衛生基準や浴槽水の水質基準などが定められる。
- The regulations of each prefecture specify the sanitation guidelines for facilities as well as the quality standards for bathwater.
- 例年、一定の題にしたがって(兼題の歌会)国民からの詠進歌を募集している。
- Usually each year, poems on a certain theme are invited from the public (for Subject for a Poem Utakai).
- 茶の湯における「カネワリ法」の資料はこの『南方録』のほかに類例が少ない。
- There are little materials about the 'kanewari measurement system' for tea ceremony, except for 'Nanboroku.'
- (例)身替座禅で、浮気相手の「花子が許へ..」と満面の笑みを浮かべたときに
- Example 1: In 'Migawari Zazen,' in the scene the leading character is about to go to the other woman, grinning from ear to ear, says: 'To Hanago's place.'
- しかし例年の節会の出御は少なく、新嘗祭の出御は譲位直前の一度だけであった。
- However she did not participate in Sechie so often (seasonal parties held in the Court), she only attended once at the Harvest Festival before her enthronement.
- 元来茶道などにおける飲料用であった抹茶の製菓への応用の成功例の一つである。
- Matcha ice cream is one of the successful examples of the application of Matcha, which was originally only for drink in the tea ceremony, to sweets.
- 吉宗は一旦これを廃止したものの、家斉が再び使用をはじめ、以後は恒例化した。
- Yoshimune TOKUGAWA briefly abandoned this practice, but it was revived by Ienari and continued as an established custom.
- 日本では、瀟湘八景に直接影響を受けて考案された近江八景が最初の例とされる。
- In Japan, the Eight Views of Omi which was originated under the direct influence of the Eight Views of Xiaoxiang is considered to be the first example.
- 特に開腹手術を行う患者や、足腰に外傷を負った患者に用いられている例が多い。
- Especially, there are many instances where T-jitai are used by a patient who will undergo a laparotomy or a patient who has received an external injury around the legs or hips.
- その特異な形態から、生物の形でそれに近いものにその名が付けられる例がある。
- There are cases where organisms looking like the kiseru were named after it because of their unique figures.
- 例えば、冷泉天皇や円融天皇がそれぞれ譲位後に冷泉院、円融院と呼ばれている。
- Similarly, Emperor Reizei and Emperor Enyu were called Reizeiin and Enyuin respectively after they left their thrones.
- 和歌なども翻訳され、例えば扇子に記したマラルメの4行詩はその影響とされる。
- Waka (Japanese poetry) and others were also translated and influenced writers and poets such as Mallarme, as shown by Mallarme's quatrain written down on a sensu (folding fan).
- 『越後獅子』、『吾妻八景』、『秋色種 (あきのいろくさ)』がその例である。
- They include, for example, 'Echigojishi,' 'The Eight Views of Azuma' and 'Aki no irokusa' (the flowers of autumn).
- しかし、例外的に素盞男神社で酉の市が行われる他、大須七寺でも行われている。
- However, Tori no ichi is also held exceptionally in Nanatsu-dera Temple in Osu, in addition to Susanoo-jinja Shrine.
- 切腹を自殺の方法として用いる例は、明治時代以降も軍人や右翼の間に見られる。
- Examples of seppuku as a method of suicide following the Meiji period can be seen among soldiers and members of the right wing.
- 特に正月内宴・野行幸では天皇が赤白橡、臣下が青白橡を着用する例が見られた。
- Especially at Naien (private dinner) in the new year and Nogyoko (hawking or picnic that an emperor went out for a pastime), an emperor wore Akashira-tsurubami (grayish red color) and a vassal wore Aoshira-tsurubami.
- 歴代の天皇の中で諡が改められたのは後鳥羽院のみであり、かなり例外的と言える。
- This is an exception, and there is no other successive Emperor but Go-Toba-in whose posthumous name was changed.
- 杜氏全体の数が激減している近年、むしろそうした例のほうが多いといっても良い。
- This kind of instances are more in these days that the total number of toji has drastically decreased.
- 昭和末期から日本全体で伝統的な正月遊びが薄れたが、京こまも例外ではなかった。
- Since the end of the Showa period, traditional New Year's games--such as the Kyo top--faded away from all areas of Japan.
- にわかせんぺい(二○加煎餅)、九十九島せんぺい、湯せんぺいといった例がある。
- Some such examples include Niwaka-senpei, Kujukushima-senpei and Yu-senpei.
- これで、1人の天皇が2人の皇后を持つことができる先例が開かれることになった。
- This became a precedent that one emperor could have two empresses.
- 皇位の場合とは異なり、諸外国の君主の場合は、確実に簒奪とされている例も多い。
- Unlike the cases of the Imperial Throne, there are many certain examples of usurpation of monarchs in foreign countries.
- 日本の歴史上五代以上天皇位についていない家系に属する皇裔が即位した例はない。
- There was no example, in Japanese history, of an Imperial descendant who had not succeeded to the throne for more that five generations.
- 過去において、見ようによっては「婿入り」と見られる事例が少なくとも3例ある。
- In the past, there were at least three cases where a male-line male might have been `married into' an Imperial female family.
- さらに、室町時代には、旧南朝の末裔である小倉宮、玉川宮のような例も見られる。
- Furthermore, there is an example of Oguranomiya and Tamagawanomiya who were the descendants of the former Southern Court in the Muromachi period.
- しかし、おおよそ平安時代には言及が慣例化し、江戸時代まで続いたことが伺える。
- However, around at the Heian period, the citation to the code (in the edict) was established as a rule, and it had been practiced until the Edo period.
- しかし、近年では新聞記事などでも参拝という誤った用語が使用される例が目立つ。
- In recent years, however, the word sanpai is often used incorrectly for the emperor even in newspaper articles.
- こうした用法の場合は「蕎麦」の字は用いず、ひらがなで表記するのが通例である。
- In this case, the word 'soba' is commonly written in hiragana and kanji characters representing buckwheat (soba) are not used.
- 大名家の庇護を失った明治維新直後には、他のワキ方の例に漏れずきわめて困窮した。
- Directly after the Meiji Restoration, when protection of Daimyo family (feudal lord family) was lost, the school was in hard straits like other Waki-kata.
- フェティシズムの愛好例として、女性の陰部に挿して火皿に火を入れる使用例がある。
- There is an example of fetishist's favorite use of the kiseru where they inserted it into the women's genital area and then put a fire into the bowl.
- 天皇が天災以外の理由で外国にお見舞いの言葉を贈ったのは前例のないことであった。
- It was unprecedented that the emperor sent his sympathies to foreign countries for other reasons besides natural disaster.
- 後に「今このような結果になったことに心を痛めています」と異例の発言をしている。
- Therefore, he later made unprecedented remarks, 'I regret that the bluegill has inflicted serious damage on the ecosystem of Japan.'
- 例えば皇太子などが成人・結婚し、天皇・皇帝と別に住居を構える場合などが当たる。
- A good example of this is after Crown Prince becomes an adult and is married, he will have separate palace from the Emperor and the Empress, in this case the palace will be called Rikyu.
- そのため、名称も他の天皇のように神武天皇例祭ではなく、神武天皇祭となっている。
- Therefore it is called Jinmu tenno-sai instead of Jinmu tenno-reisai, although the term 'reisai' (an annual ceremony) is used for the festivals for the other emperors.
- なお、新字体による「真子」の表記は、通俗用法としても用いられる例は見られない。
- In addition, the examples of using the expression '真子' (Mako) by the simplified Chinese characters for '眞子' have not been found even in popular style.
- (例えば、ちらし寿司の四色や五色の彩などが陰陽五行に基づいているといわれる。)
- (For example, it is said that 4-color or 5-color ingredients in chirashi zushi (vinegared rice with thin strips of egg, pieces of raw fish, vegetables and crab meat arranged on top) are based on Inyogogyo.)
- 室町時代以後の元服の儀では烏帽子を被せる代わりに前髪をそり落とす事例が増えた。
- In genpuku ceremonies held after the Muromachi period, young men more frequently had their forelocks shaved instead of having an eboshi placed on their head.
- またクラークは寮での米食を禁止し、ライスカレーのみを例外としたといわれている。
- Clark is said to have prohibited eating rice in the dormitory with the only exception of rice curry.
- また現在日本で失伝したと思われる流派が、外国で存続している例も確認されている。
- And even the schools that seem to end their lives in Japan today are found alive in foreign countries.
- 中世には、4人の六位蔵人のうち、行幸では3人まで着用できるなどの慣例があった。
- In the medieval period, there was a custom that three out of four Rokui no Kurodo could wear the Kikujin no ho at the Gyoko.
- また片山九郎右衛門門下の観世流の能楽師と井上流の名取りが結婚している例もある。
- And there have been some instances such that a Noh actor in the family of Kuroemon KATAYAMA in Kanze-ryu and a natori (a person given a diploma) got married.
- 寛保時代の雑書『諸国里人談』では、他にも龍燈が寺に火を献じる例が紹介されている。
- In 'Shokoku satobitodan' (Talks on people of all countries) in Kanpo era, for example, ryuto dedicated a fire to a temple.
- 具体例:照宮成子内親王→(東久邇宮)盛厚王妃成子内親王→(皇籍離脱)→東久邇成子
- Specific example of the above (as written in Japanese order): Terunomiya Sigeko Imperial Princess=>(Higashikuni no miya) Morihiro Prince queen consort Shigeko Imperial Princess=>secession from the Imperial Family=>Shigeko HIGASHIKUNI
- 近世も徳川家祥元服ほかしばしば使用された例がある(有職文化研究所蔵調進控見本)。
- There are several instances where these motif were used in the early-modern times, such as coming-of-age ceremony of Iesachi TOKUGAWA (Sample of Choshin Hikae in the collection of Yusoku Bunka Kenkyujo (Institute of Court Culture)).
- 熊本市の出水神社例大祭(春・秋)、「くまもと秋のお城まつり」などで公演している。
- They perform in the annual festivals of Izumi-jinja Shrine (held in spring and autumn) in Kumamoto City, 'Kumamoto autumn castle festival' and so on.
- 上記以外の例では、三重県の手こね寿司で具を混ぜた後、更に切り身を乗せる事がある。
- As an example other than the above, Tekone-zushi in Mie Prefecture is sometimes made by placing sliced raw fish over the bed of vinegared rice mixed with ingredients.
- 黄色・緑等諸説があるが、『白氏文集』の用例によると、春の柳の芽吹きの色とされる。
- There are various views on the color including yellow and green; according to the description in the 'Hakushimonju' ('Bai-Shi Wen Ji,' a collection of poems by Hakkyoi, a famous Chinese poet), the color is the green shoots of a willow in spring.
- 太鼓物の通例として、シテの役柄はことごとく人間ではない「異類のもの」に限られる。
- As a general rule, the shite's role is limited to only ones of not human being but 'nonhuman being,' an unearthly things.
- 海外好きで洋食も好み、一例は東京會舘のコキールとオムレットなどお気に入りだった。
- He liked overseas and western dishes, and, for example, he was fond of the coquille and omelet of Tokyo Kaikan Hall.
- 今日では輸送技術の発達により、極端な例を挙げれば山里などでも寿司屋が存在している。
- Now with the development of transportation technology, there are sushi restaurants even in the mountains, for example.
- 鯨由来物の工業資源としての利用としては鯨油が代表例ではあるが、鯨肉も例外ではない。
- Whale oil is a typical example of the industrial materials made from whales, and whale meat is no exception.
- また本来が毎年の顔見世興行で演目の一つに付け足されるかたちの「吉例」の演目だった。
- Originally this was a 'Kichirei' (festive custom) program, which was added to another program in yearly kaomise performance.
- このような算額奉納の習慣は世界中をみても他に類例がなく、日本独特の文化といわれる。
- No such custom can be found in any other country in the world and the culture of dedicating mathematical puzzles is said to be unique to Japan.
- また、今日見られる熨斗も、熨斗鮑の包みが様式化したもので、儀礼折り紙の一例である。
- Furthermore, the current noshi is a stylized noshi awabi (a thin strip of dried abalone wrapped in folded red and white paper), and an example of the girei origami.
- 副詞の呼応などの文法の例も含まれることから、古典の入門として適した教材だといえる。
- This includes the agreement of adverbs, therefore it is a proper material for beginning to read classic literature.
- さまざまな地方ルール(ローカルルール)があり、例えば次のようなものが知られている。
- The following are some well-known local rules.
- 他方、捕鯨会社の肝いりで東京に開かれた鯨肉料理専門店は繁盛せずに倒産した例もある。
- On the other hand, some of the restaurants specialized in whale meat-based dishes under the sponsorship of a whaling company were unable to be prosperous and became bankrupt.
- 大正天皇との夫婦仲は至って良好で、慣例を打ち破って夫の身辺の世話を自ら見たという。
- The Emperor Taisho and the Empress Teimei lived happily together as husband and wife, and the Empress Teimei seemed to break with Imperial court custom, as she took if upon herself to look after her husband's needs.
- また親骨のみ板目であとは柾目の例もあるが、これらは畢竟板目が割れやすいからである。
- Some of such fans used cross-grained wood only for ribs at both ends of a fan and straight grained wood for the rest of the fan because cross grain was fragile.
- 嫡妻として立后された訳だが、江戸時代で嫡妻が立后される例は房子を含め4例しかない。
- She became the Empress as a legal wife, there are only 4 cases, including Fusako, where a legal wife became the Empress during the Edo period.
- 即位詔の中に不改常典への言及がない例があり、即位詔が今日まで伝わらない天皇も多い。
- Among the imperial edicts upon enthronement, some of them have no reference to Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten, and therefore, many emperors' edicts are not documented today.
- なお能などの分野では慣例的に家元を宗家と言習わして、家元の語を用いない場合がある。
- In fields such as noh theater, iemoto is customarily referred to as 'soke' and the word 'iemoto' may not be used.
- カクテルの材料に燗した日本酒が用いられる例として、オレンジ・サキニーや卵酒がある。
- For examples in which warmed Japanese sake is used for ingredient of cocktail, there are Orange Sakini and tamagozake (egg sake).
- 切り口に見える小豆の粒の様子を、夜の闇の中に咲く白い梅の花に例えて付けられた名称。
- It is named by comparing the adzuki beans at the cut end to white plum blossoms in the shadows of night.
- 日本でその具体的な形状を知る最も早い例は、弥生、古墳時代より出土する木製品である。
- Wooden products excavated from the remains of the Yayoi period and the Kofun period (tumulus period) show the detailed shape of the oldest Uchiwa fan existing in Japan.
- 唐宋の詩詞と同題名の曲も少なくない(例えば「陽関曲」の歌詞は、王維の七絶である)。
- Many of them are provided with the same names as those in the Tang and Sung poetry (for example, the words of the song titled 'Yang Guan' consist of a Shichi-zetsu style poem by Wei WANG.)
- 当時の日本では、雅楽などの例外をのぞけば、これだけ大規模な楽隊編成は他になかった。
- At that time, music would not be played by such a large group of participants in Japan except for Gagaku and the like.
- 「語りもの」(浄瑠璃)の代表例としては「義太夫節」「常磐津節」「清元節」等がある。
- Gidayu-bushi (musical narrative of puppet theatre), tokiwazu-bushi (theatrical music), and kiyomoto-bushi (theatrical music) are the examples that represent narration-like performance (joruri).
- 多くの場合、能の鬼は女の妄念から生ずる(例えば鐡輪 (能)、葵上、道成寺 (能))。
- In many cases, oni in Noh plays are products of female obsessions (for example, Kanawa [Iron Wheel], Aoi no Ue [Lady Aoi] and Dojo-ji Temple [all Noh plays]).
- これは、外題には縁起を担いで「割れない」奇数の字数にすることが慣例になったいたため。
- The reason is; it became custom that the number of Chinese characters in the title should be an odd number because people followed the superstition that an odd number of Chinese characters cannot be devided.
- 以来、江戸城に毎年鮎を献上するのが慣例となり、鵜匠21戸に各10両の扶持を給与した。
- Since then, it became a practice to offer ayu to Edo-jo Castle every year, and each of 21 usho was entitled a stipend of ten ryo.
- 長野県木島平村の算額8面は、山間部の小村としてはきわめて濃密に分布している例である。
- Kijimadaira-mura Village of Nagano Prefecture, having eight old sangaku is an example of a small mountainous village having an extremely dense distribution of sangaku.
- 能において爪先立ちして舞を舞うのは、乱の流レ足くらいにしか見られない特殊な例である。
- In the Noh performances, the performers do not dance on tiptoes except for performing with the step of the midare-ashi in the midare.
- 例えば、競技かるたで用いる小倉百人一首には、「い」で始まる首として、次の3つがある。
- For example, Ogura Hyakunin Isshu (the Ogura Anthology of One Hundred Tanka-poems by One Hundred Poets) used for Karuta competitions includes three poems that start with the letter 'い' (i) as follows.
- 日光東照宮の「眠り猫」(伝・左甚五郎作)は、日本猫の姿をよくあらわす好例といえよう。
- A wooden prayer board of 'Sleeping Cat' (attributed: carved by Jingoro HIDARI) of Nikko Tosho-gu Shrine is a good example to show what Japanese cats were like.
- その後も反射炉の燃焼ガスや鉱山の石炭ガスを燃焼させて灯火として燃やした例などがある。
- Other examples followed, including burning combustion gas from reverberatory furnaces or gas carbon in mines for illumination.
- これは、後世の先例となって江戸幕府に至るまで、皇位継承には幕府の承認が必要とされた。
- This example was followed until the period of Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), the bakufu needed to approve the Imperial succession to the throne.
- 皇統は男系によりつながれてきており、女系により次代へ継承された例はないことがわかる。
- The Imperial line was continued by the male Imperial members, there was no example of succession to the throne being passed on by an Empress.
- これらは、伝えるべき史実の核がないまま系図だけが創作された場合にありがちな例である。
- This fact strongly suggests that their pedigrees were created out of materials unrelated to historical facts.
- 文面がほぼ同じ形で固定したのは、このような文例に従って詔が作られたためと考えられる。
- A certain conformity found in the writing pattern of the edicts might be due to the fact that the edicts were written following such model phrases.
- 事例としては柳生三厳の逸話であり、映画『七人の侍古典からの引用』にも引用されている。
- The story about Mitsutoshi YAGYU is one actual example of that, and the movie 'Shichinin no Samurai' (Seven Samurai) also quotes this story.
- 失中者の順位を決定する際には(以下例ではAとCの順位を決定する場合)遠近競射を行う。
- The ranking of those who missed the target (A and C in the following case) is decided by enkin-kyosha (competition shooting to decide ranking based on how close an arrow is to the center of the target).
- (例:生田流の中空調子=山田流の曙調子、生田流の曙調子=山田流の二重中空調子、など)
- (Example: Nagazora-choshi scale of Ikuta school = Akebono-choshi scale of Yamada school, Akebono-choshi scale of Ikuta school = Double Nagazora -choshi scale of Yamada school)
- 同郡では製銅が盛んだったようで、金属生産と巨人という出雲国の例との共通点もみられる。
- It seems that copper was produced actively in Taka County, and the fact is similar to the one in Izumo Province as the two places produced metal and had the legend of the giant.
- 現在でも祭礼で棒術が棒の手や棒術、棒踊り、獅子舞などと呼ばれ演じられる例が多くある。
- Even now, Bojutsu is often performed in rituals and festivals by the names of Bo no te (Japanese traditional dance), Bojutsu, bo-odori (bar dance) and shishimai (lion dance).
- また、(旧来からであるが)講談師が落語家の協会に所属し、落語定席に出演する例も多い。
- Additionally, there are (and have been) many cases where kodanshi, being members of an association of rakugoka (rakugo storytellers), regularly appear in rakugo (comic storytelling) performances.
- 奈良・平安初期には地方官衙の役人までが使用したので、雑石の石帯の発掘例は全国に多い。
- Many sekitai with plainer stones have been excavated in various parts of the country as they were used even by officials of local government agencies in the Nara and Heian periods.
- 大きな発展の一例として、終止形の代わりに連体形を使用するようになったことが挙げられる。
- One example of great developments is the use of the attributive form instead of the end-form.
- 一例としてナスの味噌漬けについて述べれば、初秋に採り入れたナスをへたのついたまま洗う。
- For example, to make Misozuke of eggplants, pick eggplants in the beginning of fall and wash them with the calyx.
- アンズの種子による重症例がある一方、幼児が青梅の果肉を囓った程度では心配ないとされる。
- While apricot seeds can cause severe incidents, it is safe for infants to nibble Japanese green plums.
- 場合によっては醤油味・塩味を「せんべい」、甘いものを「せんぺい」と呼び分ける例もある。
- In some cases, 'senbei' means those seasoned with soy sauce or salt and 'senpei' refers to sweet ones.
- 例えば市松の中に曲線で扇形を入れる場合は糸鋸で嵌め込む木象嵌と呼ばれる技法が使われる。
- A technique called mokuzogan inlay work is used, for example, when inserting a shape of a fan using a curved line within an ichimatsu pattern.
- 日本で女性が皇太子となったのは過去に一例のみ、奈良時代の孝謙天皇が皇太子から即位した。
- There was only one case in which a woman became a crown princess; Empress Koken succeeded to the Imperial Throne after having been the crown princess in the Nara period.
- 転じて、日本以外の国の帝王の女子を呼ぶのにも用いる(例:アナスタシア・ニコラエヴナ)。
- Shifting from it, the Himemiko is also used to call the daughters of the sovereigns of other countries other than Japan (example; Anastasia Nikolaeva Romanova).
- 16~17世紀のヨーロッパ人も、万世一系の皇統とその異例な古さという観念を受け入れた。
- Europeans in the 16th and 17th centuries accepted the theory of the unbroken Imperial line and the extraordinary long duration of the Japanese Imperial family.
- 江戸時代はもとより、それ以前に於いて、皇女が武家に降嫁し、関東下向した唯一の例である。
- She was the only Princess who married into a Samurai family and went to the Kanto area from Edo, not only during the Edo period, but in the previous era's as well.
- 一般に非常にボリュームがあり、カロリーの高い食べ物の代表例として挙げられることがある。
- Generally, katsu-curry is sometimes cited as a very hearty dish and also as a typical example of high-calorie food.
- また継承者が「危険な古流の技術はもう必要ない世の中になった」とし指導を辞める例もある。
- And some successors stop teaching the koryu jujutsu, saying the world does not need its dangerous techniques any more.
- 最も古いうちわ(団扇)の例は、中国の歴史の記録や古代エジプトの壁画にみることができる。
- The oldest records, on which Uchiwa fan first appeared, are the record of Chinese history and wall painting of the ancient Egypt.
- 上記の通り慣例故実を整理簡素化した大正大礼以後、太刀と石帯の対応関係もなくなっている。
- Since the state ceremony of the Taisho Emperor, when the customs were simplified as described above, the link between sword and sekitai has been lost.
- (例:欽ドン!欽ドン!良い子悪い子普通の子、天才・秀才・バカ、禁煙グッズのTV-CM)
- (e.g., Kindon Yoiko Waruiko Futsunoko [a comedy TV program of Kinichi HAGIMOTO, a Japanese comedian], Tensai Shusai Baka [a segment of the radio program hosted by Shinji TANIMURA, a Japanese singer], and a TV commercial for items to encourage people to quit smoking)
- 歌詞については流派により異なるが、内容としてはほぼ同じなため、以下に歌詞の一例をあげる。
- The words of the song vary depending on different schools, but the contents are basically the same, and therefore an example is given below.
- 一般の海魚の運ばれない山村等で正月などハレとケ(晴れの席)の料理に供されていた例もある。
- In some mountain villages where sea fishes were not available, such whale meat was served as a dish on celebratory occasions, for example, on New Year's holidays.
- また、最近は店主の好みによって独自メニューの開発を行なって新たな形態を打ち出す例もある。
- Some street stall owners develop new dishes based on their own tastes, and adopt different types of dishes.
- ただし、教育勅語は例外であり、書面により発し、天皇の親署がある(国務大臣の副署はない)。
- However, Kyoiku Chokugo (Imperial Rescript on Education) is an exception, which is issued in writing and signed by Emperor himself or herself (without countersignature by Minister of State).
- いくつかの事例に照らせば、中国人は日本のこの主張を気にとめ、一目置いていたと言って良い。
- Given some reactions from China, it would appear thatthey took notice of Japan's insistence and paid respect to Japan on this matter.
- このような例は貴賎結婚に極めて厳格だったヨーロッパの王室ではあまり見られないことである。
- This was not very common in European Royal Households where they were very strict about marriage with a commoner.
- 『太平記』によると、武芸を好み、日頃から自ら鍛練を積む極めて例が無い座主であったという。
- According to 'Taiheiki' (The Record of the Great Peace), he favored military art, and kept himself trained as a usual behavior, which was rare for a Tendai-zasu.
- また、前天皇との関係では直系であっても、次の天皇に予定する皇太子が傍系とされた例がある。
- There are also cases in which the relationship with the former emperor is of the direct line, but the relationship with the imperial prince who was to succeed the Throne was of the collateral line.
- これはもっぱら元服の時に高貴な人の子息が使用しているが、平安末期以降の所用例は見えない。
- This style was used by the children of people with high rank at the coming-of-age ceremony, but there was no record of this style being used since the end of the Heian period.
- 例えば箏の『雲井の曲』、三味線の『琉球組』、胡弓の『鶴の巣籠』、尺八の『鹿の遠音』など。
- Examples are 'Kumoi no Kyoku' for koto, 'Ryukyu Gumi' for shamisen, 'Tsuru no Sugomori' for kokyu, and 'Shika no Tone' for Shakuhachi.
- それらの事例により広義(一般的)には『生麺・茹で麺タイプのひやむぎも存在する』と言える。
- Because of these cases, in a broad sense (in general), it can be said that 'fresh- and boiled-type hiyamugi noodles also exist.'
- そのため標準的な図案だけではなく、豊臣秀吉のようにその変種(太閤桐)を使用した例もある。
- Therefore people used not only the standard designs but its variants such as Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI who used Taikogiri (Kiri-mon with a design of flowers and leaves of paulownia).
- 「祭」の語を単独で用いる傾向が強いのは一部の例外を除き、殆ど日本正教会のみとなっている。
- Almost only the Japan Orthodox Church has a strong tendency to use the term 'matsuri' singularly, excluding some exceptions.
- 酉の市(とりのいち)は、例年11月の酉に行われる、各地の鷲神社(おおとりじんじゃ)の祭。
- 'Tori no ichi' is an open-market fair held at Otori-jinja Shrines around the country on the Days of the Cock in November every year.
- 居酒屋がメニューのひとつに加えているような例だけでなく、焼き鳥屋も出来ている地域がある。
- Yakitori is not only added to the menu of izakaya bars; some regions even have yakitori-ya restaurants.
- ハムやベーコンなどを具材としたケチャップライスのことをチキンライスと呼ぶ例も散見される。
- Sometimes dishes containing ham or bacon are called chicken rice.
- 寿司を「かん」と数えた例は比較的最近からで、国語辞典が採用するようになったのも最近である
- Examples of counting sushi with the counter suffix, 'kan,' could be seen in more recent times, and it was also in recent times when a Japanese-language dictionary adopted such counter suffix.
- 例えば、豚カツは味噌汁・漬物とともに箸を添えて和定食として出されることが多くなっている。
- For example, pork cutlets are served with a cup of miso soup, pickles and chopsticks as a Japanese set meal in many restaurants.
- 何十人もの人が同時に聞いたという例もあり、幻聴や幻覚の類では決してなかったと証言している。
- Some people insist the sound was not auditory hallucination or hallucinatory image because sometimes, dozens of people heard the sound at the same time.
- 越中褌の愛好家は他の下着には無い、独特の軽い着装感から愛好している例が多いと言われている。
- It is said that there are many instances in which the fanciers of Ecchu fundoshi love Ecchu fundoshi because of the unique light feeling of wearing that no other undergarments have.
- 例えば、鰯の輸送記録を見ても、明確に干物や魚肥類(肥料)とは区別されて鮮魚が存在している。
- For example, according to records of transporting sardines, fresh fishes were clearly differentiated from dried fishes and from sardines for fertilizer.
- 皇位継承をしなかった皇太子に贈られた例は、敦明親王が小一条院の院号を受けたという例がある。
- As an example of the former case, Imperial Prince Atsuakira received Ingo as Koichijoin.
- 天皇はもちろん皇太子にも成人であることが求められた当時としてはきわめて異例な措置であった。
- At the time when the adulthood was required for not only an Emperor but also for a Crown Prince, it was an extremely rare move.
- これは、後白河の母・藤原璋子が白河法皇・鳥羽上皇に従って参詣した先例にならったものだった。
- Emperor Goshirakawa followed the custom and had his mother, FUJIWARA no Shoshi visited Kumano with the Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa and the Retired Emperor Toba.
- 祓い人形と同様に身の穢れを水に流して清める意味の民俗事例として、現在も各地で行われている。
- This ceremony is still held in various regions as a folk custom which represents the removal of participants' impurities by throwing them into a river, in the same way as harai-hitogata (purification with a paper doll).
- 例えばワインとチーズを交互に口にすると、両者の味わいが単独の時よりも格段に増すことがある。
- For example, having wine and cheese in turn may deepen the flavor of each much more than having only either one of them.
- 例えば、中華人民共和国の北京市や上海市では1990年代から複数の焼き鳥屋が営業をしている。
- For instance, several yakitori-ya restaurants have been operating since 1990s in Beijing City and Shanghai City, People's Republic of China.
- デパートや商業施設、観光関係やサービス業の従業員など夏の制服として着用する例も多くなった。
- Also increasing are cases where the employees of department stores and other commercial establishments, tourism and entertainment services are beginning to wear yukata as a uniform for the summer season.
- 例えばお好み焼きなど、長時間にわたり一定温度を持続する必要のある物は厚手のものを使用する。
- For example, thicker plates are preferred for cooking for which constant temperature is needed such as okonomiyaki (savory pancake with various ingredients).
- (例)劇中の役者がたまたま実際の親子で、その二人が抱き合って感涙に咽ぶとても感動的なシーン。
- Example 4: When a real father and son play the roles of a parent and a child (sometimes mother and daughter), at the scene such actors embrace each other shedding tears of emotion
- 近世には上皇・親王及び中世同様、大臣や大将が着用し、また准大臣(儀同三司)も使用の例がある。
- In the early modern period, konoshi were worn by retired emperors and imperial princes, by ministers and generals (just as they did in the middle ages), and there are also examples of it being worn by Jun-daijin (vice ministers, Gido-sanshi ministers).
- バリエーションとして、ハンバーグではなく肉団子のタネを使う例や肉ではなくツナを使う例もある。
- There are other variations of stuffed peppers where meatball mixture is used instead of hamburger mixture and tuna is used instead of meat.
- 各地の老舗をはじめ鯨料理の専門店が存在するほか、メニューの一つとして取り入れている例もある。
- There are Restaurants specialized in whale-meat-based dishes in various areas including well-established restaurants and also there are some restaurants where whale-meat-based dishes are included in their menu items.
- 同様に、例えば「きみがためは」と「きみがためお」が同じ陣にあれば「きみ」で取ることができる。
- Similarly if, for example, 'きみがためは' (kimigatamewa) and 'きみがためお' (kimigatameo) are on the same territory, then both can be taken with the letters 'きみ' (kimi).
- また、皇后陵は中国の古式に則って(例西太后の「定東陵」)天皇陵の東に造営されることになった。
- Also, the imperial mausoleum for the empress was built on the east side of the imperial mausoleum following the ancient Chinese style (Empress Dowager Cixi's 'Teitoryo').
- 藤原詮子以降の院号では、上東門院(藤原彰子)をはじめとした、門院号を贈ることが通例化された。
- After FUJIWARA no Senshi, conferring the honorific title Moningo became a general rule, including Jotomonin (FUJIWARA no Shoshi).
- いつ頃から使われたかはっきりしないが、三種の楽器を合わせる意味においていくつかの用例がある。
- It is not clear when the word sankyoku was first used, but there have been some instances of such use in a sense that the three instruments were played together.
- 平安時代の中期から、先例を伝える知識の体系化が進み、小野宮流、九条流の2つの流派が生まれた。
- The systematization of knowledge on precedents had advanced since the mid-Heian Era, and two schools, the Ononomiya School and Kujo School were established.
- 有職故実(ゆうそくこじつ)とは、古来からの先例に基づき、官職・儀式・装束などを研究すること。
- Yusoku kojitsu is the study of government positions, ceremonies, and costumes based on their ancient precedents.
- 卵を取る客は、ほとんど卵かけ飯として食べる(味噌汁に入れる、丸呑みする、などの例外もある)。
- Almost all customers who take the raw egg make tamago kake gohan (there are some exceptions of putting it in miso soup or swallowing it).
- 例として「姫塚」は古墳の名称である塚と「とある姫」が亡くなったことを祈念した「姫塚」がある。
- For example, there are two kinds of 'Hime Zuka' (princess mound); one is the appellative of ancient burial mounds, the other one is a mound dedicated to a certain princess in her memory.
- 「保持団体認定」の例としては、輪島塗技術保存会、本場結城紬保存会、本美濃紙保存会などがある。
- The examples of 'holder group recognition' include Wajimanuri Gjutsu Hozonkai (Wajima-nuri Technique Preservation Society), 'Honba Yukitsumugi Hozonkai' (Preservation Association for Yuki silk fabric) and Hon Minogami Hozonkai (Hon Mino Paper Preservation Society).
- しかし、沖縄製麺協同組合が交渉した結果、特例として「沖縄そば」の表記が認められた経緯がある。
- There was background, however, about the Okinawa Noodle Manufacturing Co-op negotiating with the Fair Trade Commission and, as a result, the use of the term 'Okinawa soba' was accepted as an exception.
- また、柔術の流派の多くで棒術を含んでいたり、または他流の棒術を併伝している例が多くみられる。
- In addition, many schools of jujutsu (classical Japanese martial art, usually referring to fighting without a weapon) have their own Bojutsu or use Bojutsu from other schools.
- そのうち最初の2つは最後のオチのフリとして用いられる(「フリ・小オチ・大オチ」の例もある)。
- The first two sometimes work as furi (giving the audience a sense of expectancy to the story line) for ochi (there are some cases in which the three serve as 'furi, ko ochi [small punch line], and o ochi [big punch line]'.)
- 場合によっては、祭礼で演じられるが、伝承形態は武術そのものとして伝わっている例も散見される。
- Some of them have succeeded as a martial art, although they are sometimes performed in rituals and festivals.
- 近世では菊唐草の経緑緯黄の生地が用いられ、赤色袍や橡(つるばみ-黒)袍とともに調進例がある。
- In the early-modern times, cloths with green warp and yellow weft and the design of arabesque with chrysanthemum flowers were used, and were supplied together with red round-necked robe and grayish round-necked robe.
- 一般家庭での普及はあるものの、藤原氏流(97家)の使用例は、うち7家のみであるといわれている。
- While fuji-mon design is widely used in general households, it is said that only seven (out of 97) families of the Fujiwara clan lineage use them.
- 千葉県の房総半島の伝統食鯨のたれのように、地域の特産品となり、土産物として販売される例もある。
- Some whale meat-based foods, for example, Kujira-notare, a traditional whale-based food on the Boso peninsular, Chiba Prefecture, are sold as souvenirs.
- 例えば天正年間を中心として作られた、特徴的な打刀拵の一群を天正拵(てんしょうごしらえ)と呼ぶ。
- For example, a group of characteristic uchigatana-goshirae crafted mainly in the Tensho era is called Tensho-goshirae.
- 江戸時代から一般的であった南北朝時代の史観が、明治時代の万世一系では不適当とされた事例である。
- This is the case that the historical view of the period of the Northern and the Southern Courts, which had been common since the Edo period, was denied during the Meiji period.
- 上代には践祚と即位との区別がなかったが、桓武天皇から践祚後に日を隔てて即位式を行う例ができた。
- Although there were no distinction between accession and enthronement in ancient times, the enthronement ceremony of Emperor Kanmu was held days after his accession.
- 平安時代以降で注目すべきは、『朝野群載』という模範文例集に即位詔の例文が載せられたことである。
- Since after the Heian period, it is noteworthy that a boilerplate collection called 'Choya Gunsai' (Collected Official and Unofficial Writings) carries the examples of sentences for writing an imperial edict upon enthronement.
- このように、烏帽子親には主君や一門の棟梁、信頼の置ける地域の有力者などに委嘱する例が多かった。
- Likewise, lords, toryo (head of the clan), and trustworthy influential person were frequently asked to serve as eboshi-oya.
- 称号を取得した後は、例えば錬士六段、範士八段のように、段位の前に称号を名乗ることになっている。
- After obtaining a title, he or she can put the title before the Dan-i like Renshi-Rokudan and Hanshi-Hachidan.
- 文献には、やや訛った『しょうから』(鳥取市)や、『しょから』(志摩市)の事例が掲載されている。
- Local accents 'shookara' (Tottori City) and 'shokara' (Shima City) can be seen in documents.
- 蛋白質が分解されてアミノ酸を生じ、旨みを含むことから、鍋料理などの隠し味として加える例もある。
- It is sometimes added to one-pot dishes as a hidden flavor because the protein contained in it is broken down into amid acids and makes the dishes tastier.
- 京都版に限っては例外で、整版説なども唱えられたが、木活字による印行だという説が支持されている。
- The only exceptional case was Kyoto-ban (Kyoto editions) where a theory of woodcut printing was advocated and supported by a theory on printing and publishing using wooden characters.
- 平安時代後期以降の例によると、天皇は賀茂・石清水臨時祭次度出御など限られた機会に着用している。
- An example after the late Heian period shows an emperor wore the Kikujin no ho on limited occasions such as the Kamo and Iwashimizu special festival.
- 平安後期から明治維新より前の慣例を述べると、白玉製巡方無文の帯は天皇の祭事用のみに使用された。
- According to custom from the end of the Heian Period to the Meiji Restoration, square unfigured sashes with white gemstones were used only for ceremonies involving the Emperor.
- 例えば、市川海老蔵 (11代目)や尾上菊之助 (5代目)はそれぞれ成田屋・音羽屋の御曹司である。
- For example, Ebizo ICHIKAWA (the eleventh) and Kikunosuke ONOE (the fifth) are onzoshi of the Naritaya family and the Otowaya family respectively.
- 例えば、神棚を祀っている家庭には仏壇があることが多く、2つの宗教に同時に入信している家庭が多い。
- For example, many families with a household Shinto altar also have a Buddhist altar, belonging to two religions at the same time.
- 具体例:(久邇宮)良子女王→皇太子昭和天皇妃良子女王→皇后 良子→皇太后 良子→香淳皇后(追号)
- Example: Princess (Kuni no miya) Yoshiko -> Emperor Showa's Crown Princess Yoshiko -> Empress Yoshiko -> Empress Dowager Yoshiko -> Empress Kojun (posthumous title)
- この例を、北朝を正統とする立場からは、光厳天皇の治世をはさんだ後醍醐天皇の重祚と見る意見もある。
- Some think that this is chosa of Emperor Godaigo after Emperor Kogen from the viewpoint of orthodoxy of the Northern Dynasty.
- 久邇宮朝融王(香淳皇后の兄)や東久邇成子など、一部の旧皇族は特例として豊島岡墓地に葬られている。
- Part of the Imperial Family members who passed away, such as Kuninomiya Prince Asaakira (Empress Kojun's brother) and Shigeko HIGASHIKUNI was buried in Toshimagaoka Graveyard as an exception.
- 通例、香典は、香典袋(不祝儀袋)に入れて葬儀(通夜あるいは告別式)の際に遺族に対して手渡される。
- Typically, koden is wrapped in a special envelope called koden-bukuro (bushugi-bukuro) and is passed to the bereaved family at the funeral (lykewake or funeral service).
- 近現代でも、文化大革命のとき、無実の罪で糾弾された共産党員が、公衆の面前で割腹自殺した例がある。
- Even in the modern era, there are examples of Communist Party members accused of crimes that they did not commit taking their own lives by cutting their abdomens in public during the Cultural Revolution.
- 他にも、成分を取り出して基礎化粧品の開発に成功した例、乾燥おからを使った猫砂などの実用例もある。
- In addition, there are successful examplesof developing a basic skin care using an extract of okara and practical use of dried okara as sand for pet cat.
- 腰をおおよそ一周半する長方形の布に紐をつけたものが一般的(遊女は例外的に紐が無いものを使った)。
- Commonly it is a rectangular cloth, which can wrap the waist one and half way round, and has a string attached to it (as an exception, yujo (a prostitute) used the one without a string).
- ただし美観地区が定められていても、その美観地区内での条例はまだ制定されていないというケースが多い。
- However, there are many cases where an aesthetic area is designated, but regulations have not been established yet.
- また他の種類の鍋、例えば寄せ鍋などの最後に大根おろしを加えて食べるものをみぞれ鍋と呼ぶ場合もある。
- Also, other types of pot dishes such as when grated radish is added to finish up Yosenabe (pot of chicken, seafood and vegetables) are called 'mizore nabe' as well.
- 寺院内に鳥居があったり、「八幡大菩薩」と神社の神を仏の呼び方で呼ぶ事例などに名残を見る事ができる。
- The syncretism left traces, such as the torii (an archway to a Shinto shrine) in precincts of temples or the deity with the name of 'Hachiman Daibosatsu' (Great Bodhisattava Hachiman), in which a name for a shrine deity (Hachiman) is connected with a name of Buddha (Daibosatsu).
- ただしノルウェーやアイスランドなど沿岸での捕鯨が継続された地域では、例外的に鯨肉食が残存している。
- However, exceptionally, in Norway and Iceland where whaling activities in their coastal areas remain, whale meat has still been eaten.
- 林家三平のような例外もあるが、基本的に多用されることはなく、一幕・一席にあるかないかのものである。
- Although there is an exception like Sanpei HAYASHIYA, this kind of technique is basically not in heavy usage and is used only once per act/story, if ever.
- 例えばバーミヤン (レストランチェーン)では発芽玄米ご飯があるが、同店の白米よりぼそぼそしている。
- For example, Bamiyan (a restaurant chain) serves sprouted brown rice, but it has a texture that is coarser than the white rice served at the same restaurant.
- 531年に後継を皇子の勾大兄(安閑天皇)に譲位(記録上最初の譲位例)し、その即位と同日に崩御した。
- In 531, he abdicated in favor of Magari no Ooe Prince (Emperor Ankan) (the first abdication in recorded Japanese history), and passed away on the day of the Prince's enthronement.
- 一方、高橋氏は、幾つかの例外を除き、奈良時代から平安時代と長期にわたり志摩国の国司を世襲している。
- On the other hand, the Takahashi clan maintained the heredity of kokushi in Shima Province for a long time from the Nara period to the Heian period with some exceptions.
- 「和」は同時に日本そのものや日本的なるもの(例えば日本式食事を意味する「和食」など)をもあらわす。
- In addition, 'Wa' represents Japan herself and things Japanese (for example, 'Washoku' which means Japanese style food) as well.
- 元々は律令国家の恒例祭祀の一つであり、7世紀後半の天武天皇の時代にはすでに行われていた記録がある。
- Originally, Kinen-sai festival was one of the annual rituals held by the Japanese nation under 'ritsuryo' (legal codes in the Nara and Heian periods based on Chinese models), and a record says it was held as early as in the later seventh century, the reign of Emperor Tenmu.
- それまで、大地主たちは不作や飢饉の時にそなえて、毎年の収穫から一定量の米を備蓄するのが通例であった
- Until then it was common for large landowners to stock up with a certain amount of rice from the harvest every year in order to prepare for poor crops or famine.
- 仏教では本来、出家僧侶は財産になるような私有物を持つことを禁じられており、衣服も例外ではなかった。
- In Buddhism, priests were prohibited from having any private possessions that could have value; clothing were no exception.
- したがって、この例があるからといって、半幅帯が「ハレ」の衣装として一般的に認識されたわけではない。
- Therefore, it doesn't mean that the hanhaba obi is generally recognized as a costume for noticeably cheerful and formal situations or such places
- 温泉蒸気を用いて饅頭を製造した例は、江戸時代に熱海温泉の源泉の一つ「風呂の湯」で行われた記録が残る。
- As for the production of manju using the steam from hot springs, there remains a record of the Edo period; according to it, at 'Furo no yu,' one of spring's sources of Atami-onsen hot springs, such steam was used for making manju.
- 赤身については特に馬肉に近いとの評があり、実際に馬肉を鯨肉と詐称して販売していた例が報告されている。
- There is an evaluation that the red meat of whales tastes like horse meat, and it was reported that horse meat was actually sold as whale meat.
- 例を挙げると、サザエは日本海側では青森県でも漁獲されるのに対し太平洋側では関東地方以北には現れない。
- For instance, turban shells are harvested even in Aomori Prefecture on the side of the Sea of Japan, whereas, they are not found in areas north of the Kanto region on the side of the Pacific Ocean.
- 近世になると、新田開発によって本村に住む農民が居住地をそのままとして新田側に出作する例が多くなった。
- In modern times, when more lands were reclaimed, more farmers living in villages went out to newly developed fields to plow, leaving their villages quite alone.
- 備考:助六を市村羽左衛門と市川團十郎以外の役者が演じた舞台で河東節「所縁江戸櫻」が使われた唯一の例。
- Note: This was the only performance where Katobushi 'Yukari no Edozakura' was used on the stage of Sukeroku impersonated by an actor other than Uzaemon ICHIMURA and Danjuro ICHIKAWA.
- 「待っていたとはありがてえ」は、即興で入れた台詞がいつしか台本の中に取り込まれてしまった有名な一例。
- `Thank you for waiting for me' is one of famous examples in which an improvised dialogue came to be adopted in the acting script.
- 別称(唐名)として、後漢書になぞらえて「長秋宮」、あるいは漢代の例をもって「椒房」「椒庭」と称した。
- They were either known by another name (Tang name) as 'Choshukyu' in the analogy form of Gokanjyo (The History of the Later Han Dynasty) or 'Shobo' or 'Shotei' as an example of the Han dynasty age.
- なお、以下の例の内、宇多天皇の子達や忠房親王の例は、臣籍として生まれながら、皇籍に移行した例である。
- Among the following examples, Emperor Uda's children and Imperial Prince Tadafusa became members of Imperial Family although they were born as subjects.
- これは、皇族は大臣とならない当時の慣例に目を付けて、左大臣の地位を狙った藤原氏の陰謀と言われている。
- It is said that this was a plot of the Fujiwara clan who were aiming to the position of the Sadaijin since there was a tradition of an Imperial Family member not being allowed to become a Minister.
- 神聖な場所とされるが故に、たいへん穢れを嫌い、例えば「次清」の別などの厳格な規律が存在するとされる。
- It is said that they have very strict rules such as a distinction between 'tsugi' (uncleanness) and 'kiyo' (cleanness) because this place is respected as a sanctuary which should avoid any impurity.
- 皇位継承法説をとる場合には、桓武天皇以降の法がそれ以前と別の理解をされていたと説くことが通例である。
- Supporters of the imperial succession theory usually argue that the interpretation of laws during the reign of Emperor Kanmu, or later, differs from the way of the time before Emperor Kanmu.
- それ以後の時代にも特例はおおくあるが、院政期の藤原忠実、室町初期の足利義持が愛用した紅梅直衣が有名。
- There are many exceptions in later periods, the famous ones are kobai (light pink) Noshi which was worn by FUJIWARA no Tadanazain the period of the cloistered governments and also worn by ASHIKAGA Yoshimochi and his favorite Noshi in early Muromachi period.
- また「大和(やまと)」という言葉が使われる場合もある(例:大和言葉、大和魂、大和撫子、大和絵など)。
- The term 'Yamato' is sometimes used (e.g. Yamato-kotoba (words of Japanese origin), Yamato-damashii (Japanese spirit), Yamato-nadeshiko (woman who displays the feminine virtues of old Japan), Yamato-e painting (a traditional Japanese style painting of the late Heian and Kamakura period dealing with Japanese themes), etc.).
- 諸外国では鶏卵を生食する例は皆無に等しく、卵かけご飯は日本独特の食品流通と衛生管理を背景にしている。
- There is almost no example of eating a raw hen's egg in other countries, and tamago kake gohan is supported by the food distribution and the hygienic control unique to Japan.
- ここで2度目の飯次が出され、2度目の汁替えも勧められるが、汁替えは客の方で断るのが通例となっている。
- Then, the second rice container is served and a second refill of soup is recommended, but usually guests decline the second refill of soup.
- 古い文献に「かん」という特別な助数詞で数えた例は見当たらず、いずれも1つ2つ、または1個2個である。
- The old literature had no examples of counting sushi with a special counter suffix, 'kan,' and only had descriptions of counting as hitotsu (one piece), futatsu (two pieces) and so on, or ikko (one piece), niko (two pieces) and so on.
- 1947年に食品衛生法が制定されると、各都道府県でふぐの販売に関する条例制定がなされるようになった。
- When the Food Sanitation Act was established in 1947, prefectural governments started to enact ordinances regarding the sale of pufferfish.
- しかし中国伝来の現代音楽(当時として)であった清楽は、例外的に、江戸時代の身分制度から自由であった。
- But Shingaku, contemporary music introduced from China, was exclusively free from the class system in the Edo period.
- また本来交互に演じられる三つの筋のうちの一つの筋に該当する部分を抜き出して上演することもある(例2)。
- Also, sometimes one of the three main stories are selected and the relevant scenes are performed (example 2).
- 道長は先に中宮であった定子を皇后とし、娘の藤原彰子(しょうし)を中宮に立てて、一帝二后の先例を開いた。
- Michinaga set the precedent for Ittei-Nigo (an emperor having two empresses) when he made Teishi, who was the second consort of the emperor at the time, empress, and made his daughter, FUJIWARA no Shoshi, the new second consort.
- 顔見世の式例は、江戸では江戸三座の幹部が集まり、夏に来年の役者の割り振りの予定をたて、9月に決定する。
- The details of kaomise were determined in September (in the old calendar) after the managers of three theatres in Edo got together during summer to decide upon casts for the following year's productions.
- 一例として東ローマ帝国ローマ皇帝のユスティニアヌス1世の妻テオドラ (ユスティニアヌスの皇后)がある。
- An example is Theodora, who was the wife of Emperor Justinian I., the Eastern Roman Emperor.
- 取り決めによってそれぞれの王室に不幸があった場合、半旗を掲げることと、服喪することが慣例になっている。
- Following a convention, it customarily lowers the flag to half-staff and observes mourning when a member of a royal family passes away.
- その皇位継承に当たり、当時の先例では、神器がなくとも最低限、治天の君による伝国詔宣が必要とされていた。
- According to precedent at the time, 伝国詔宣 by Chiten no kimi was at least required even if sacred treasures were not available in order to succeed the throne.
- 日本国政府(内閣総理大臣・内閣 (日本))の慣例的な紋章となっており、日本の国章に準じた扱いを受ける。
- It is the conventional Monsho for Japanese Government (prime minister, cabinet [Japan]), and is treated in the same manner as the national emblem.
- 千歳楽が出る祭で最も賑わうのは10月最終土日に行われる倉敷市玉島乙島の戸島神社秋季例大祭(乙島祭り)。
- Out of many festivals which include parades of the senzairaku, few can match the annual autumn festival of Toshima-jinja Shrine (Otoshima Festival) for festivities held on the last Saturday and Sunday of October in Tamashima Otoshima, Kurashiki City.
- 武家文化が文武を重きにおく事に対し、公家文化は花鳥風月と例えられる雅や遊び、いわゆる趣味や芸術である。
- While the samurai culture put a value on the literary and military arts, court noble culture was characterized by elegance and pleasure, that is, hobbies and arts which were told as kacho-fugetsu (beauty of nature, the traditional themes of natural beauty in Japanese aesthetics).
- 団扇の用途と機能は、生活用具としての物理的な用途・機能とそれ例外の役割により、以下のように分類できる。
- Usage and function of Uchiwa fan can be classified as follows from physical and other viewpoints.
- 例えば「大物タレント登場」という前フリをしておきながらそれほど大物ではないタレントが登場するパターン。
- One example is that audiences are provided information that a big personality is coming but find out later that it is not so famous a name.
- なぜか、「ひもかわうどん」だけは蕎麦側についており、蕎麦一色だった江戸でも例外的に人気があったようだ。
- For some reason, 'himokawa udon' belonged to the soba camp suggesting its exceptional popularity in Edo where soba was the overwhelming favorite.
- この条例を定めているのは都府県の数は2005年現在で、ふぐ食の根付いている西日本を中心に19を数える。
- As of 2005, the number of prefectures which have this kind of ordinance is 19, mainly in western Japan where the food culture of pufferfish cuisine has taken root.
- 一方で地方での発掘例は平安中期以後激減し、地方の官人は使用しなくなっていったことが想定できるのである。
- On the other hand, the number of sekitai dating from after the end of the Heian Period excavated in local districts is much lower, which suggests that local officials no longer used sekitai.
- 天皇家は足利氏、織田信長、豊臣秀吉の例に倣い桐紋を徳川家にも与えようとしたが、徳川家はこれを固辞した。
- The Imperial Family tried to give Kiri-mon (paulownia patterns) to the Tokugawa family in order to follow the precedent of the Ashikaga clan, Nobunaga ODA and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, but the Tokugawa family refused to receive it.
- なお、「ヒガシ」のアップテンポな演奏こそが、曳行する地車の制約から解放された音楽の典型例とも考えられる。
- In addition, the uptempo performance of 'Higashi' is thought to be a typical example of the music of danjiri-bayashi becoming free from the restrictions of drawing danjiri.
- その中から最終審査員と呼ばれる映画関係者(例年3人)によってグランプリ1本、準グランプリ2本が決定する。
- Among them, people in the film industry (normally, three people each year), who are empaneled as the final jury, decide one grand prize winner and two runners-up.
- 一例として、出雲国造が古伝新嘗祭の神楽に使用するのは、袍のような黒い生地の小直衣で、冠とともに使用する。
- One example is the konoshi made from black fabric like a ho and worn with a kanmuri, which is used by the Kuni no Miyatsuko (Provincial Magistrate) of Izumo Province during the kagura (ancient Shinto music and dancing) of the ancient Niiname-sai festival (the Harvest Festival).
- 小型のハクジラ類を中心に、縄文時代以前を含む旧石器時代の貝塚や、弥生時代の遺跡など古くから出土例がある。
- Remains of whales, centered on small-sized odontoceti, were unearthed from shell mounds originated in the Paleolithic period, including the Jomon period and from remains originated in the Yayoi period.
- のちには、准母の経歴がなくても、単に未婚の内親王を優遇する目的で「皇后宮」の称号が与えられた例も生じた。
- In later years, there were cases when the title 'Kisai go' was given even if she did not have experience as 'Junbo,' for the purpose of favorably treating unmarried princesses.
- 国内でも同様の用例は見られるが、名指しは天皇に特別な敬意を示さない意思表示として受け取られる場合も多い。
- Similar examples can be seen even in Japan, but calling the emperor by a name without an honorific title can be often perceived as a declaration of intention that special respect is not paid to the emperor.
- この日も恒例の勤労奉仕団への会釈(挨拶)を行なう予定だったが、その準備をしている時に発作を起こし、急逝。
- Even through her last day, the Empress Teimei planned to engage in the established practice of the eshaku (salutation, greeting) ritual to labor service groups, but had an attack of angina pectoris while she was preparing for the practice, and then suddenly passed away.
- 彰仁親王は、ヨーロッパの君主国の例にならって、皇族が率先して軍務につくことを奨励し、自らも率先垂範した。
- Imperial Prince Akihito encouraged the Imperial Family to take the initiative to join military service, following the examples in European monarchy countries, he himself took the lead in joining the military.
- こうした無茶な行為によって不可逆的な疾病を患ったり、急性症状によって死に至る例もあったと伝えられている。
- It is said that this act caused an irreversible disease or even a death due to acute presentation.
- 有識とは過去の先例に関する知識を指し、故実とは公私の行動の是非に関する説得力のある根拠・規範の類を指す。
- Yusoku' means a knowledge about past precedents, while 'kojitsu' means a convincing basis and norms for the rights and wrongs of public and private acts.
- 例えばコンブ、鰹節、カタクチイワシの煮干し(瀬戸内海沿岸など)、スルメ(岡山県県北地域など)などである。
- For example, kelp, shaved bonito, or boiled-dried anchovy is used in the Inland Sea coastal regions, and dried squid in the north area of Okayama Prefecture.
- 例えばとんかつチェーン店かつやには、チキンカツ丼が、カレーうどんのチェーン店得正にはミンチカツ丼がある。
- For example, the tonkatsu (pork cutlet) restaurant chain Katsuya offers chicken katsudons and minchi katsudons (bowls of rice topped with minced pork cutlets) are available in Tokumasa, a curry-udon (thick Japanese wheat noodles with curry soup) restaurant chain.
- そして、昨今の研究によれば、江戸時代は世界で例を見ない資源還元(リサイクル)社会であったといわれている。
- According to the recent studies, during the Edo period, Japan was an unprecedented recycling-oriented society in the world.
- ただし遠距離行幸では有文帯でも蒔絵太刀とともに使用する例はある(紫檀地螺鈿より蒔絵のほうが丈夫なので)。
- However, there are cases in which figured sashes were used with lacquered swords for long-distance imperial visits, because lacquerware is stronger than rosewood inlaid mother-of-pearl.
- 地方公共団体の文化財保護条例等においても、文化財の種類の一つとして「有形文化財」を規定している場合がある。
- Also, there are cases which the regulation for the Protection of Cultural Properties and so on of local public entities stipulate 'tangible cultural properties' as one of the types of cultural products.
- まず御籤で1~3の数字を出し、鳥居の前に立って、例えば御籤で2が出れば2番目に通った人の姿などを記録する。
- The person who wants to receive this service first draws Omikuji (sacred lots) to pick up a number from one to three, then stands in front of Torii (an archway to a shrine), where, for example, if the number is two, then he or she records the appearance and other things of the second passer-by.
- なお、御物は慣例的に文化財保護法による指定の対象外となっており、国宝や重要文化財などには指定されていない。
- Conventionally, the gyobutsu are not included in the Cultural Assets Preservation Act, nor are they registered as national treasures, important cultural assets or important cultural properties.
- 例えば鯛や伊勢海老は現在でも日常的に食卓に上るとは言いがたいが、「食文化の中で重要ではない」とはいえない。
- For example, although sea breams and Ise-ebi (lobsters) are not eaten daily even today, it cannot be said that 'they are not important in food culture.'
- 夜に道路を利用して店舗を出す例では、廟街や西洋菜街(女人街)が有名であるが、衣料品や雑貨の販売に限られる。
- Another famous example, of street stalls operating their businesses at night time streets are, Temple Street and Sai Yeung Choi Street (Woman street), but these shops only sell clothing and miscellaneous goods.
- 例えば、女性皇族にも皇位の継承を認めるべきだという意見、旧皇族を皇籍復帰させるべきだという意見などが出た。
- For example, there have been proposed opinions that succession of the throne by a female member of the Imperial family should be approved, that the former member of the Imperial family should be restored to the register of the Imperial family, etc.
- 寸法は札丈(札板文字を入れる板の部分 の高さ)を測り、「号」で表される(例:4.0号=札丈が約12cm)。
- To measure the size of an ihai, only the fudatake (height of the flat tablet part where characters are inscribed) is measured and its size is represented in 'go'; for example, four go of ihai has approximately twelve centimeters of the fudatake.
- 公衆浴場法の適用を受ける公衆浴場は各都道府県の条例で、「普通公衆浴場」と「その他の公衆浴場」に分類される。
- Public bathhouses subject to the Public Bath House Act are categorized into 'ordinary public bathhouses' and 'other public bathhouses,' pursuant to the regulations of the respective prefecture.
- 例えば富士山に登るのに、吉田から、須走りから、須山から、それぞれ登れるが、最終的に頂上に至れば同じ所である。
- You can climb Mt. Fuji from any starting point at Yoshida, Subashiri, and Suyama, but you will eventually reach the summit and find yourself in the same place.
- この際、瀟湘八景と同様に前2句+後2句の漢字4文字となるように項目名が設定されることが多い(例:金沢八景)。
- In many cases, as with the Eight Views of Xiaoxiang, the item name is made up of four Kanji (Chinese characters): the first pair and the latter pair (e.g. '金沢八景' Eight Views of Kanazawa).
- しかし本外題がいくつもあって、それらが共通の通称で束ねられているという例は、この『助六』をおいて他にはない。
- But 'Sukeroku' is the only play that has a lot of titles, but commonly called by only one nickname.
- 例えば、加えたままの煙管の雁首を上げることは、強くかみ下唇を突き出す怒りや不快感の表情を強調するなどである。
- For example, raising up the gankubi of the kiseru in mouth emphasizes anger or discomfort expressed by biting it hard and pushing his lower lip out.
- 「皇室は前例を重んじなければなりませんが、その前例の中には前例がないにもかかわらずなされたものもあります。」
- It is a rule of the Imperial household to respect precedents, but some of the precedents are those that had newly been created without having had their own precedents.'
- 例えばスペイン語圏の各国では「アロス・コン・レチェ」として、主に子どもが喜ぶおやつとしてよく食べられている。
- For example, in Spanish-speaking countries, it is served as 'arroz con leche,' and it is often eaten as a snack favored mainly by children.
- ごく一般的な銭湯の構造の例は次のようになっている(なお、この見取り図は関東地方の銭湯に多いパターンである)。
- A typical sento is structured as follows (the layout shows the most popular pattern of sento in the Kanto region):
- その後も、改易された大名(家取り潰し)が切腹させられた例は浅野長矩など極めて例外的であることは注目に値する。
- Subsequent extremely rare examples, such as those of daimyo including Naganori ASANO, who committed seppuku after having their domains confiscated are particularly worthy of attention.
- 否定的な意見の根拠としては、次の例などがあり、合気道をそのまま一般的な護身術として考えることに疑義を呈する。
- Reasons for the negative opinions include the following, questioning the idea of considering aikido as a common art of self-defense.
- 古代以来、構造は中心に柄と一体である「棒」を通し、扇部分の縁を「枠」によって素材を固定する例が多数を占める。
- Since ancient times, most Uchiwa fan have had a structure of one main center 'rod,' which also becomes a handle part, and a 'frame' for fixing the material, which shapes the outline of the fan part.
- 蕎麦とイノシシ・ヒツジの肉との合食禁(食い合わせを禁ずる例)を解説しているが、今日における科学的根拠は無い。
- In 'Shugaisho,' there is an explanation that gasshokin (bad combination of foodstuffs) (examples of prohibited food combinations) applies to the combination between buckwheat and boar or lamb but there are no scientific grounds to support that claim.
- これらの例からもわかるように白足袋は清浄を示す象徴であり、ほかの足袋とは性格の異ったものとして扱われている。
- As known from these examples, white tabi are a symbol of purity so that they are treated differently from that of other kinds of tabi.
- 一般に「有形文化財」といった場合には、地方公共団体が文化財保護条例により指定した有形の文化財を指すことが多い。
- Generally, when something is referred to as 'Tangible cultural properties', it frequently means tangible cultural properties that the local public entities designated under the Regulation for the Protection of Cultural Properties.
- 「これでちゃんこでもしてくれ」などの様に言ったが、それも一回の食事代くらいのものではないのが通例だったらしい。
- They used the word like 'Here it is for chanko,' and it is said that they usually gave money more than that for one meal.
- 代表的な使用例は、イギリス女王エリザベス2世 (イギリス女王)の母であるエリザベス・バウエス=ライオンがある。
- Representative example of use is Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, the mother of Elizabeth II, the queen of England.
- 通常、即位前の天皇に命(みこと)の称号を用いる『古事記』に於いて、王(みこ)の称号が用いられているのは、異例。
- This is quite unusual; in the Kojiki, an emperor before enthronement is usually called mikoto.
- 足利義満の死に際し、朝廷が太上天皇の尊号を贈ろうとしたという事例もあったが、最終的には子の足利義持が辞退した。
- There was a case where, on the occasion of the death of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, the Imperial Court offered to award him the honorary title of Daijo Tenno, but eventually his son Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA refused to accept.
- これに関しては、「私」字を万葉仮名に用いた例が他に無いことから、本来「弘斐王(おいのおおきみ)」の誤りでろう。
- As to 'Shi (or Oi) no Okimi' in those historical books, there were no previous examples of ancient writers or editors using 'Shi (私)' for Manyogana (early Japanese syllabify composed of Chinese characters then used phonetically); so historians and other scholars would be able to conclude that the original writing was written in this way 'Oi no Okimi' and 'Shi (or Oi) no Okimi' was the transcription mistake.
- 明治時代以降、他の皇室慶弔行事と同じように、即位の礼の日はその年限りの国民の祝日となることが慣例となっている。
- After the Meiji period, it became custom that the day of the Sokui no rei becomes a national holiday only for that year like other Imperial-Family congratulations-and-condolences events.
- 出家して行助入道親王と名乗ったが、子である後堀河天皇の即位後、異例の太上天皇号を贈られ院政を行うことになった。
- He entered into priesthood and was named Monk-Imperial Prince Gyojo, however after his son, Emperor Gohorikawa succeeded to the throne, he was exceptionally given the title of dajo tenno (a retired emperor) and started the cloistered government.
- 明治時代以降の臣籍降下では、生家の宮号と同じ氏を用いる例があった(山階芳麿侯爵・久邇邦久侯爵・伏見博英伯爵)。
- After the Meiji period, some examples can be seen where they kept the same original Miyago when they were demoted from nobility to subject. (Marquis Yoshimaro YAMASHINA, Marquis Kunihisa KUNI, Count Hirohide FUSHIMI).
- 特に858年(天安 (日本)2年)に即位した清和天皇はわずか9歳で、これほど低年齢の天皇はそれまでに例がない。
- Especially Emperor Seiwa, who was enthroned in 858, was only nine years old, and there was no precedent of such young Emperor until then.
- 現代において蘇演(復曲)された作品や、新たな新作の現代雅楽、例えば黛敏郎の「昭和天平楽」などで用いられている。
- It is used in revived classics as well as newly composed modern gagaku music such as 'Showa Tempyoraku' by Toshiro MAYUZUMI.
- 本来は桶という意味から円形の形状であったが、平安時代には方形のものも木製であれば火桶と呼称していた事例もある。
- As the term 'oke' (pail) implies, they used to be round, but there are examples from the Heian period of square ones being called hioke as long as they were made of wood.
- 薬味としてではなくユズ自体を味わう調理例としては、果皮ごと薄く輪切りにして砂糖や蜂蜜に漬け込む方法などがある。
- As a suggestion to taste yuzu citron itself, not as a condiment, there is a recipe to confit it in sugar and honey by slicing the fruit into rounds with its pericarp intact.
- 鏡餅には、ユズリハ・熨斗・エビ・コンブ・ダイダイなどを載せるのが通例となり、これは具足餅(武家餅)と呼ばれた。
- It became customary to place yuzuriha (Daphniphyllum macropodum), noshi (a thin strip of dried abalone wrapped in folded red-and-white paper), shrimp, kelp, bitter orange and so forth on kagami-mochi; this style was called Gusoku-mochi (literally, armor rice cakes) or Buke-mochi (literally, samurai family rice cakes).
- 鱗のない魚は総じて皮が厚く、鰻も例外ではない(ナマズなどとは違いきわめて小さな鱗があるが皮膚に埋没している)。
- An esquamate fish including eel generally has a thick skin (unlike a catfish, eel has a very small squama which is hidden in the skin).
- 地方公共団体の文化財保護条例等においても同様に、文化財の種類の一つとして「無形文化財」を規定している場合がある。
- Similarly, some ordinances of local public bodies specify 'intangible cultural properties' as one category of cultural properties.
- 酒気帯び運転で逮捕されて当初は「奈良漬けを食べた」と供述した事例でも、後の調べで飲酒していたことが判明している。
- There are some cases that a driver who was arrested due to drunk driving made a statement as 'I ate narazuke' at first, but the later interrogation has revealed that the driver had taken alcoholic beverages.
- 聖徳太子の自筆とされる『法華義疏』4巻は六朝風であるが、『金剛場陀羅尼経』が唐風であるのはその変遷の好例である。
- Such a change in style is typically found in the following example: The four volumes of 'Hokke Gisho,' said to have been written by Prince Shotoku himself, were written in the six dynasty style, but 'kongojodarani-kyo' (the Buddhist scripture of Dhāraṇī of the Adamantine Place) was written in Tang style.
- 一度臣籍に降下した後には皇族に復帰することは許されないのが原則であるが、皇籍に復帰する事例も比較的多く見られた。
- It was not allowed for Imperial members who were demoted to subjects, to come back to the Imperial Family again, however there were in fact some exceptions that can be seen.
- 勅旨田の設定地は全国に及んでおり、例えば史料からは、下野、武蔵、美濃、摂津、備前、肥前などに設定例が検出される。
- The established land of Chokushiden was across the country; and was identified in Shimotsuke, Musashi, Mino, Settsu, Bizen, and Hizen Provinces according to historical materials.
- また、カステラのように、ヨーロッパから伝わった製法が独自に発展した例や、卓袱料理の様に中国から伝わった例もある。
- The cooking methods of some foods from Europe, such as castella sponge cakes, were modified when they were introduced to Japan, while other foods came from China, like Shippoku ryori (special Chinese cuisine in Nagasaki Prefecture, to which Japanese cooking methods were introduced).
- 満月→下弦の月→新月→上弦の月という、月の満ち欠けの周期の状態を表す言葉の、上弦・下弦とは弓に例えた言葉である。
- The words of a waxing half moon and a waning half moon, used to show phases of the moon such as full moon => waning half moon => new moon => waxing half moon, compare the moon to a bow.
- なお、東京での事例は、丼飯の上に揚げたてのトンカツを置き、その上からドミグラスソースをかけるという様式であった。
- For the Tokyo domi katsudon demi-glace sauce is poured over a freshly deep-fried pork cutlet on rice.
- 近世以前の事例を見ると、一部の例外を除いて、切腹は敵に捕縛され、斬首されることを避けるための自決に限られている。
- With certain exceptions, the examination of early modern period examples shows that seppuku was limited to serving as a means of committing suicide in order to avoid being beheaded after being captured by one's enemy.
- 現在、伝わった柔術流派を元にして海外で独自の柔術流派が開かれている例が多い(ハワイの檀山流、カジュケンボなど)。
- At present, those foreign countries have many jujutsu schools of their own, such as Danzan-ryu and Kajukenbo in Hawaii, based on the original one.
- 半襟をも下着の一部と考えれば、その一部を見せるのが正式の着用法である点で、世界の民族衣装のなかでも例外的である。
- Taking it as a part of underwear, haneri is an exceptional one among various ethnic costumes in the world, because a part of haneri falls into someone's eye when it is formally dressed.
- 足利義教は茶壺に「注連の縄」という銘を付けていたが、これは茶道具に銘が付けられた例としては最初期のものと言える。
- Yoshinori ASHIKAGA named his chatsubo 'Shime no Nawa' (a sacred straw festoon), and this is considered as the most early example of naming a tea utensil.
- 皇族の方が留袖をお召しの場合や、一般の者でも叙勲などで宮中に参内する場合は色留袖を着用するのが慣例になっている。
- When tomesode is worn by someone of the Imperial family or when an ordinary person pays a visit to the Imperial Palace for bestowal of an order and the like, it is customary to wear iro-tomesode.
- 字体は始皇帝の文字統一以前に用いられた「大篆」の例として書家に愛好され、呉昌碩の臨書など作品のモデルとなっている。
- The character font is loved by the Chinese calligraphers as an example of 'Da-zhuang' which had been used before the characters were standardized by the Emperor Shi, the font is a model of the works such as ling-shu (writing calligraphy with copying) by WU Chang-shou.
- 平安末期や鎌倉時代には既に例が見られるが、まだ一般的ではなく、室町時代、江戸時代を経てゆっくりと一般化していった。
- Such a change could be seen as early as the end of the Heian period and the Muromachi period but was not common yet, and gradually became generalized through the Muromachi and Edo periods.
- 例としては、鳥羽が娘の八条院に相続した荘園群である八条院領、後白河が長講堂という寺院に寄進した長講堂領などがある。
- Examples of above are seen in groups of private estates, Hachijoin estate, in which Toba let his daughter Hachijoin to succeed, and others are the the estates of Chokodo which Goshirakawa donated to the temple called Chokodo.
- これは邦良親王が当時幼い上に病弱であったためとも言われているが、天皇より9歳年上の皇太子という異例の措置であった。
- It was supposedly because Imperial Prince Kuniyoshi was young and weak at the time; the result was that the Crown Prince was nine years older than the Emperor, which was quite unusual.
- 以後、英照皇太后と明治天皇の神式の例を踏まえて、1909年に皇室服喪令、続いて1924年に皇室喪儀令が制定された。
- Based on the Shinto ceremonies for Empress Dowager Eisho and Emperor Meiji, the Imperial ordinance of mourning was enacted in 1909, and then the Imperial ordinance of funeral rites was established in 1924.
- また、鍋料理のように、素材のまま出し、食べる人が自ら味付けや調理を行う料理法は、他の国にあまり例がないようである。
- A cooking method that eaters themselves season or cook raw materials served like a one-pot dish cooked at the table seems to be rare in other countries.
- 以前は、江戸へ下り酒として大量輸送される灘五郷のような大ブランドを例外として、基本的に日本酒とは地産地消であった。
- Previously, sake usually had been locally consumed as local products except for famous brand like Nada gogo where a large amount was shipped to Edo as kudarizake.
- その後のAMDのCPUはサーマルプロテクション機能が施されるなど改良が進み、このような事例はほとんど起きていない。
- Later CPUs from AMD have gone through improvements such as the implementation of thermal protection functions, and have rarely caused such failure since.
- 合気会系の道場では一般的に、稽古の始まりに盛平の考案による「合気体操」と呼ばれる鍛錬法を行うのが慣例となっている。
- In Aikikai-affiliated dojo, at the start of training it is customary to perform a method of discipline called 'aiki taiso,' as invented by Morihei.
- 「総合認定」の例としては、「雅楽」における宮内庁式部職楽部部員、「能楽」における社団法人日本能楽会会員などがある。
- The examples of 'general recognition' include the members of Shikibushoku Gakubu (Music Department) of the Imperial Household Agency due to their playing 'gagaku' (ancient Japanese court dance and music) and the members of The Association for Japanese Noh Plays due to their performing of 'Noh' (classical Japanese musical drama).
- これまでの愛好家は父親や祖父が愛用していたことで、近親者に勧められて本人も愛用するようになる受動的な例が多かった。
- In the past, many became passive devotees to the fundoshi loincloth by following the recommendations given by close relatives including their fathers and grand fathers who regularly used fundoshi loincloth.
- 例えば、朱舜水が伝えた明楽が梁川藩で伝承されていたことを示唆する記録もある(『音楽雑誌』第二拾五号、1892年)。
- For example, there is a record suggesting that the Mingaku brought by Shun-Shui CHU was descended from generation to generation in the Yanagawa Domain ('Music Journal,' Vol. 25, 1892).
- 美観地区が定められると、この美観地区内では、地方自治体の条例によって、建築物の構造や設備を規制することが可能となる。
- Once an aesthetic area is designated, the structures and facilities of buildings in the area can be restricted by regulations of the local government.
- なお美観地区に指定された初例は東京都千代田区の中心にある皇居周辺一帯であり、昭和8年(1933年)に指定されている。
- The first designated aesthetic area consists of the nearby spots surrounding the Imperial Palace located in the center of Chiyoda Ward, Tokyo, and the designation was received in 1933.
- 如仏の判決(にょぶつのはんけつ)は、囲碁のルールのうちの死活において「両劫に仮生一つ」を認めたという鎌倉時代の判例。
- Judgment of Nyobutsu is a leading case in Kamakura period concerning the life-and-death judgment in the rules of Igo (board game of capturing territory), admitting a kasho (tentative life) in double ko.
- 当時の皇室では皇位継承予定者以外の親王は世襲親王家を継承する例外を除いては出家して法親王となる事が慣例となっていた。
- It was taken for granted that an Imperial Prince who would not succeed to the throne would take over the hereditary Imperial family, or enter into the priesthood to become a cloistered emperor.
- 八代目三津五郎の急死は、以後「フグ中毒」といえば「三津五郎」の名が必ず例にあげられるようになったほどの大事件だった。
- The sudden death of Mitsugoro the 8th was a major incident, and since then, 'puffer fish poisoning' was always associated with the name 'Mitugoro' as an example.
- また小型貨物自動車の荷台の部分を改造したものなど、特種用途自動車の例示のなかの食堂自動車を屋台と捉えることもできる。
- Other stall forms, a store setup in the converted bed of a small motor truck and a special purpose dinning car, are considered street stall vendors.
- さらに長保2年(1000年)、藤原彰子が皇后とされるに及んで1人の天皇が2人の皇后を立てることができる例が開かれた。
- Moreover, as FUJIWARA no Shoshi was to become the empress in 1000, it became an example of one emperor having two empresses.
- 摂政関白以外に内覧が任じられた主な例としては、醍醐天皇の時に摂政・関白が置かれず、藤原時平・菅原道真が内覧となった。
- There was one example when Nairan was ordered to a position except for Regent or Chancellor, when Emperor Daigo was in power, instead of having those two positions, FUJIWARA no Tokihira and SUGAWARA no Michizane became Nairan.
- 皇族は臣籍降下に際して、新たに一家を創設するのが通例であるが、臣下の養子(猶子)となる形で臣籍に降下する例もあった。
- It is a custom for Imperial Family, who are demoted from nobility to subject, to establish a new prince's house, but there was another option of being adopted by the family who are common subjects.
- しかし、足立郡郡司武蔵武芝は武蔵では正官の国司赴任以前には検注が行われない慣例になっていたことから、検注を拒否する。
- However, MUSASHI no Takeshiba, the local magistrate of Adachi County, refused the Gon-no-kami's land survey because Adachi County had decided not to conduct the survey in the customary way unless the official Governor arrived in the county.
- 和歌山県の那智勝浦と、千葉県の勝浦において、地名のみならず食文化においても多くの共通性がみられるのはその一例である。
- For example, Nachikatsuura in Wakayama Prefecture and Katsuura in Chiba Prefecture have many things in common, such as place names and culinary culture.
- 冷蔵庫の無い時代であり、漬物や干物、燻製など、長期保存に適した調理方法による郷土料理が多い(例、山梨県の鮑の煮貝)。
- At that time, there were no refrigerators, and so local dishes were mostly tsukemono (pickles), himono (dried fishes), or kunsei (smoked products), which could be preserved for a long time (e.g. boiled abalone in the present Yamanashi Prefecture).
- 例えば、受け手が右手で捕り手の右手首を掴んだ状態を「片手交差取り」、「斜め片手取り」または「相半身片手取り」という。
- For example, the defender grabbing the attacker's right wrist with his/her right hand is called 'katate kosa dori' (grabbing one hand across the way), 'naname katate dori' (diagonal, grabbing one hand) or 'ai hanmi katate dori' (same stance, grabbing one hand).
- 新たな愛好家は、従前の例ではなく、周囲に愛用する者がいない中で、能動的に初めて褌を着用する例となっていることである。
- But, the newly emerging devotees are positive, unlike their predecessors, in enjoying fundoshi loincloth for the first time even among the those who do not wear it.
- 例として、石川県寺家遺跡や高座遺跡の例(中世期)や秋田県洲崎遺跡(13世紀末)、岩手県落合遺跡(鎌倉時代)などがある。
- Examples of magemono-izutsu were found in the Jike site and the Takaza site in Ishikawa Prefecture (Medieval period), the Suzaki site in Akita Prefecture (end of the 13th century), and the Ochiai site in Iwate Prefecture (Kamakura period).
- 正月の日の遊びとして少女らが地について遊んだ(例えば野球の硬球も中はコルクに糸を巻き付けたものを革で包んだ物である)。
- Girls play games with them on New Year's day (Hard baseballs are made by winding thread around a cork and wrapping it with leather).
- なお、中世の朝廷衰微の時代には立太子の礼を行う予算がないために儲君が立太子をされないまま、次期天皇に即位した例も多い。
- However, during medieval times when the Imperial court's power declined, not a few Crown Princes ascended to the Imperial throne without the ceremonial Rittaishi due to lack of budget for the Rittaishi no Rei.
- 日本の近世にあたる江戸時代(後期)に活躍した浮世絵・歌川国芳の名所絵『雪見舟図』などは、その様子を描いた代表例である。
- 'Yukimi Fune Zu,' an ukiyoe landscape painted by Kuniyoshi UTAGAWA who was famous in the late Edo period (the early-modern times in Japan) is a representative example describing yukimi.
- 当日は注意報が発令されており、市条例で火入れが禁止される状況であったが、市も消防署も慣例により条例違反を黙認していた。
- Although an intentional burn was prohibited on that day according to the city ordinance since a warning was issued, the city and the fire department quietly condoned the violation of the ordinance by following the customs.
- 例外として、熱伝導性の低いガラス繊維等を利用したものではこの心配はなく、着火部位が蚊遣器本体に接触しても消火されない。
- As an exception, kayariki using glass fiber with low heat conductivity would not cause such trouble to a repellent stick even if the ignited part is in contact with the main unit of the kayariki.
- 全国の神社を管理する神社本庁は、インターネット参拝を自粛するように全国の神社に通知をするという異例の行為を行っている。
- The Association of Shinto Shrines has unprecedentedly notified Shinto shrines nationwide that every shrine should refrain from providing Internet Sanpai services.
- 中世の『ハッティンの戦い』は重装歩兵に対し弓騎兵が執拗な攻撃をしかけ敵の戦意を喪失させる事で勝った古典的な事例である。
- 'The Battle of Hattin' in the Medieval period is a classic example of archery cavalry soldiers attacking heavily armed foot soldiers persistently so that they would not want to fight any more and they won the battle.
- 一例として指の腹などで墨を磨り直し、粒子を細かくするなどして、好みの墨色に合わせるなど、いろいろな方法が取られている。
- Various methods are used such as, grinding sumi with the tip of a finger to create fine particles to adjust the desired ink color.
- 得意としていた大役の数々、例えば『十種香』八重垣姫や『籠釣瓶』の八つ橋などを丁寧に演じ、打ち収める姿は悲壮ともいえた。
- He carefully performed and fulfilled many major roles that he was good at such as Yaegaki-hime of 'Jusshuko' (Incense Burning) and Yatsuhashi of 'Kago Tsurube' (Basket bucket) and his last performance of the role was even heroic.
- 例として、車をはじめとするあらゆる製品名でカタカナ語を使う傾向にみられる(外国映画のタイトルなどはその最たる例である)。
- For example, there is a tendency to use katakana (one of the Japanese writing systems based on syllables, mainly used for writing loan words and the names of persons and geographical places that can't be written in kanji) for the name of cars and other products (the best examples are the titles of foreign movies).
- 例えば、鶴の基本形は4つのとがった「カド」を持っており、動物を折る場合ならこれらを頭や足に当てることで創作が容易になる。
- For example, the crane base has four angular corners, which are applied to a head and legs to facilitate the creation of animal models.
- 例えば、例年1月1日に新年を祝って行われる歳旦祭は、旧暦1月1日の新暦相当日ではなく新暦1月1日に行うということになる。
- For example, Saitansai, a Shinto festival held on January 1 each year to celebrate the new year, would be held on January 1 of the new calendar, not on the date that January 1 of the old lunar calendar would be converted to.
- 例えば長和3年(1014年)6月16日には加賀国源政職に、12月8日には弁官藤原定頼に暴行を振るったことが記されている。
- For instance, it was stated that he committed violence against MINAMOTO no Masamoto in Kaga Province on July 21, 1014 and against FUJIWARA no Sadayori, Benkan (Oversight Department: division of the daijokan responsible for controlling central and provincial governmental offices) on January 7, 1015.
- 最近の皇室典範改正論議で、皇位継承の危機への対策の先例として、欣子内親王の例を取り上げる人も多い(皇位継承問題を参照)。
- There are some people who talk about Imperial Princess Yoshiko as a precedent to avoid the crisis of discontinuation of Imperial succession when there was a recent argument about improving the Imperial Family (Household) Law.
- - 子宝や童子などの表現や子孫繁栄や輪廻転生の一環としての具現化や例としては還暦に着る「赤いちゃんちゃんこ」などがある。
- There are expressions such as Kodakara (the treasure that is children) and doji (child), embodiment of fertility, family prosperity and part of Rinne Tensho (all things being in flux through the endless circle of birth, death, and rebirth, the circle of transmigration); for example, 'red chanchanko' (red padded sleeveless kimono jacket, red Japanese vest) worn at the celebration of Kanreki.
- もやい船の場合はその町のシンボルになるものがデザインされている(例町内に亀山社中跡がある自治会は坂本龍馬を描いている)。
- Moyai-bune has a symbol of its town on the sail (e.g., a neighborhood association in a town which has remains of Kameyama shachu (the first trading company in Japan led by Ryoma SAKAMOTO at the end of the Edo period) in its town posts a sail depicting Ryoma SAKAMOTO).
- 飯に汁をかけるという供食方法としては平安時代以前に遡ることは確実で、例えば『枕草子』や『源氏物語』にも湯漬けが登場する。
- Eating rice with liquid poured over it undoubtedly dates back to the Heian period; for instance yuzuke (hot water on cold rice) appears in 'Makura no soshi' (the Pillow Book) and 'Tale of Genji.'
- 低い音から高い音の間を縦横無尽に駆け抜けるその音色は「舞い立ち昇る龍の鳴き声」と例えられ、それが名前の由来となっている。
- The name of Ryuteki flute (literally means a dragon flute) is derived from its tone, which is compared to 'a roar of the rising dragon,' sounding as if there is no barrier between the lowest pitch and the highest pitch
- 例えば、2007年(平成19年)3月14日に気象庁が発表した開花予想によれば、鹿児島市より東京都の方が先に咲くとされた。
- For example, according to the 'forecast of cherry blossom blooming dates' issued on March 14, 2007 by the Japan Meteorological Agency, cherry blossoms in Tokyo were expected to bloom earlier than those in Kagoshima City.
- 一例として、ニューヨーク・タイムズ紙(2007年7月29日)はニューヨーク市・クイーンズ区の「寿司教室」を紹介している。
- One example is that the New York Times (dated July 29, 2007) introduced a 'sushi course' in Queens, New York.
- ここには寝殿造風な庭園の伝統や書院庭の石組みの流れと触れあう面があったがこうした庭園の例としては桂離宮の庭園が現存する。
- There was an aspect that it would touch the tradition of Shinden-zukuri style (architecture representative [characteristic] of a nobleman's residence in the Heian period) garden and the flow of rock arrangement (in Japanese landscape gardening) in Shoin (reception room) garden, and the garden in Katsura Imperial Villa exists as the example of such gardens.
- しばしば上方歌舞伎は型よりも持味、心情、雰囲気を重視するといわれるが、なかでもつっころばしはその典型的な例であるといえる。
- It is often said that Kamigata Kabuki places more stress on originality, feelings, and atmosphere than formality; the role of Tsukkorobashi is an extremely typical example.
- しかしこの一件では、「しぶった」板前が「しくじった」ことに変わりはないとして業務上過失致死罪、及び京都府条例違反とされた。
- However, in this case, since the 'unwilling' chef was still considered 'at fault,' the chef was found guilty of involuntary manslaughter due to professional negligence as well as of being in violation of a Kyoto Prefectural Ordinance.
- かつて、日本ラグビーフットボール選手権大会は1月15日の成人の日に行われており、成人を迎える選手が出場していた事例もある。
- The Japan Rugby Football Tournament used to be held on Coming-of-Age Day on January 15 and some players who had recently turned twenty took part in the game.
- 瓦は本来粘土瓦を指し、例えばドイツでは粘土製のものをほかのものと区別してZiegel(ツィーゲル=瓦、煉瓦)と呼んでいる。
- The name 'Kawara' originally refers to a clay tile, and in Germany, for example, a tile made of clay is called Ziegel (tile) to distinguish it from the other tiles made of different materials.
- このほか老人が香染(丁子による茶色)の扇を使用するなどの特例が中世にあり、その一部は近世にも復古的に行われたかと思われる。
- In addition, there were special cases where the elderly used fans of kozome (dyed brown by clove) in the medieval period, and some of such cases were revived in the early-modern times.
- なお、大和高田市に存する「片塩」「浮孔」の町名・施設名(例:浮孔駅)は全て、第2説に基づいた近代以降の復古地名に過ぎない。
- Names of towns and facilities (e.g. Ukina Station) such as 'Katashio' and 'Ukina' currently existing in Yamatotakada City are all just Fukko chimei (returning to an old name of the place) after the early modern times, based on the second theory.
- しかし、緊急事態であることが考慮され、特別に治天となり、後高倉院(天皇の例に倣い没後に院号を贈られた)として院政を布いた。
- However it was considered that as an emergency, he became an exceptional Chiten, he started ruling the cloistered government as Gotakakurain. (Following the example of the Emperor, he received in go title (a posthumous title given to an emperor) after death.))
- 西日本では金箔仏壇を使用する例が多いが、和蝋燭の煙に含まれるカーボンが洋蝋燭に比べ少ないので、金箔を汚しにくいためである。
- In western Japan where kinpaku butsudans (Buddhist altar heavily lacquered using gold-leaf or gold lacquering) are common, warosoku is preferred because the carbon content in its smoke is lower than that of western candles and therefore warosoku is less likely to stain the gold leaf.
- 例外も多いが、酒樽などは保存のためフタが閉じられた状態が常であり、風呂桶はフタが開けられた状態で使用することが普通である。
- There are many exceptions, but the lid of sakadaru (wine cask or barrel) is constantly closed for preservation and in the case of furo oke the lid is usually opened when taking a bath.
- しかし、穴の数え方が資料によってまちまちのため(例えば、へそではなく尿口を数えるなど)の説もあり、信憑性は今ひとつである。
- However, the latter theory lacks clear credibility because, depending the material, the way of counting the number of human holes is different, including the theory that it includes the urinary hole, saving the navel.
- これらの中には、日本のチェーン店が出展している例もあれば、日本で働いて焼き方やたれの作り方を覚えた中国人が開いた店もある。
- These restaurants include those that were opened by Japanese chain stores, and those that were opened by Chinese who learned how to grill yakitori and make sauces by working in Japan.
- また天皇妃が出産する際には、妃はもちろん、その世話をする女房も白づくめの十二単をまとう慣例になっていた(『紫式部日記』)。
- When a wife of an Emperor gave birth, it was conventional that she and her nyobo wear all-white juni-hitoe (according to the 'Murasaki Shikibu Nikki' [The Diary of Lady Murasaki]).
- 襦袢をもし「下着」に分類するならば、見せる着方が正式な着装法とみなされている点で世界の民族の下着の中で例外的な存在である。
- If juban is categorized into 'undershirt,' it is an exceptional example of wearing undershirts in that showing juban is recognized as a formal style.
- なお、もともと外題が付けられていなかったため諸本の表題は一定しておらず、「瓢庵茶談」「珠光一紙目録」などの諸例が見られる。
- Because the original book didn't have a title, transcriptions were given different titles, including 'Hyoan Chadan' (Tea Talk at Hyoan Hut) and Juko Isshi Mokuroku (Juko's diary about the method of judgment).
- 江戸時代には、数少ない例外を除いて上演が途絶えていたが、江戸末期に復曲され、2006年現在では能観世流でのみ上演されている。
- In the Edo period, it was not performed except for a few occasions, but recomposed at the end of the Edo period, now in 2006 it is performed only by the Noh kanze-ryu school.
- しかしながら、1998年を最後に検挙事例はなく、また鯨肉供給総量が増加していることなどからリスクに見合わないとの指摘もある。
- However, nobody has been arrested for such a crime since 1998, and it is also pointed out that, as the total supply of whale meat has increased, committing such a crime is not worth the risk.
- 尚、近年では旧内務省 (日本)系官庁の事務次官あるいはそれに準ずるポスト(警視総監)の経験者が就任するのが慣例となっている。
- In recent year, it has become an institution that the deputy secretary such as former Ministry of Interior or one who experienced an equal post (the Tokyo Metropolitan Police commissioner) takes up the grand steward position.
- (なお南北朝以前にも光孝天皇・後白河天皇・後堀河天皇などのように立太子されない例もあるが、いずれも急遽擁立された例である)。
- (There were cases in which the ceremonial investiture of the Crown Prince was not performed, like Emperor Koko, Emperor Goshirakawa, and Emperor Gohorikawa, before the Northern and Southern Dynasties, because they were enthroned suddenly.
- 通例であれば、次期皇位承継者が決定されると同時に、もしくは日を改めて速やかに立太子礼が開かれ、次期皇位継承者は皇太子になる。
- Normally, when the next heir to the Imperial Throne is determined, the ceremonial investiture of the Crown Prince is carried out at the same time or immediately after a few days and the heir becomes Crown Prince.
- 例えば、仏教教団において位牌をたてる場合などには、追号が贈られるまでは白木や紙で仮の位牌を立てたりして法要を営む場合もある。
- For instance, in the case where a Buddhist organization provides memorial service for the demised emperor before his posthumous title is conferred, they often use a temporary ihai (Buddhist mortuary tablet) made of plain wood or paper wherever necessary.
- その皇族自身が天皇として即位しなかったものの、存命中に子が天皇として即位したために、太上天皇に准じた待遇を受ける例があった。
- There was an example that a member of imperial family who didn't ascend the throne received the treatment equivalent to that of Daijo tenno because his son ascended the throne while he was still alive.
- 当初は存命中に譲位した天皇を指すものであったが、在位中に崩御した天皇に対しても追号として院号を贈る慣例が出来るようになった。
- At first, Ingo indicated an emperor who left his throne while he was alive, but it became a custom to confer Ingo as a posthumous title on the Emperor who passed away during his reign.
- 以前は金星 (相撲)を提供してしまったときのみにこれが見られたが、最近では幕内に負けてもほぼ例外なくこれが起るようになった。
- Originally this only happened when rank-and-file wrestlers in sumo's highest division won against a yokozuna however recently it happens almost without exception even if the yokozuna loses to a ranking wrestler in the senior division.
- 代表的な例として、正教会で最大の祭である復活大祭と、それに自らを備える期間である大斎 (東方正教会)(おおものいみ)がある。
- As representative examples, the Easter which is the biggest festival of Orthodox Church, and Omonoimi (Eastern Orthodox Church) which refers to a period to get oneself ready for the Easter are named.
- 同じ米でも、家庭の炊飯器などで調理して食べる食用米に比べ稈長(稲の背丈)は高くなり、穂長(稲穂の長さ)も長いのが通例である。
- Although both of them are types of rice, compared to food rice, which is cooked and eaten at home using a rice cooker, sakamai usually has a longer stem length (height of the rice plant) and a longer ear length (length of the rice ear).
- この「カネワリ法」は中国の陰陽論を基にした理論先行の体系であるが、本来は大工や工芸家が寸法の比例関係に用いていたものである。
- The 'kanewari measurement system' is a theoretical system based on Chinese principles of Yin and Yang, originally used by carpenters and craftsmen for taking measurements in the right proportion.
- 「必然的なものでも、例外なしに起こるものでもなかった」うえ、それらの変化が起こった詳しい原因についてはいまだ論争が続いている。
- It is neither an inevitable change nor a one which occurs without exception, and a debate still continues as to detailed reasons why such a change occurred.
- 折り図では、慣例的に、山折り線を一点鎖線(「―・―・―・―・―」)、谷折り線を破線(「― ― ― ― ―」)で表すことが多い。
- Conventionally, in the diagram, dashed-dotted lines ('-・-・-・-・-') and broken lines ('- - - - -') show the mountain fold and the valley fold, respectively.
- 例えば、和歌山県の太地では、主たる捕獲対象種はヒゲクジラ類だったがハクジラ類のゴンドウクジラも伝統的に食用として好まれてきた。
- For example, in Taiji of Wakayama Prefecture where baleen whales have mostly been hunt, black whales belonging to odontoceti have traditionally been liked as a foodstuff.
- 例えば、伝統的に静岡からの流通がある山梨県のほか、東京都内のスーパーマーケットなどでも魚肉コーナーで販売されていることがある。
- For example, in addition to Yamanashi Prefecture to where distribution routes from Shizuoka Prefecture have been established traditionally, such meat is also sold at the fish meat corners of supermarkets in Tokyo Prefecture.
- 天皇に次ぐ者、例えば皇太子、皇太子妃、親王、内親王などの皇族や、位階が三位以上の者の死は、死死の表現(こうきょ)の語を用いる。
- 薨去 (Kokyo) is used to express the death of people next to the emperor in rank, for example, imperial family members, such as crown prince, crown princess, imperial prince, and imperial princess and people higher than Sanmi (Third Rank) in the rank.
- 日本古来の物として特殊な例としては祭りなどで選ばれた福男やなまはげなどの演者、大相撲など神の依り代になった人も縁起物とされる。
- Special examples peculiar to Japan include fukuotoko (the luckiest man) selected in a festival, performers such as namahage (folklore demons of the Oga Peninsula that pay frightening visits to children at the New Year) and people who become yorishiro (object representative of a divine spirit) in events such as the ground sumo tournament.
- 藁鉄砲を使う事例により、東日本における10月10日 (旧暦)に行われる同様の行事、十日夜(とおかんや)との類似性が指摘できる。
- According to some cases using a straw gun, they may be associated with a similar event, tokanya (the night on the 10th day of October) held on October 10 in the east of Japan.
- 日本の酒税法では、ビールと発泡酒は区別されており、例えば定められた副原料以外を用いた場合はビールとは認められずに発泡酒になる。
- The Japanese Liquor Tax Act distinguishes beer from low-malt beer and beverages are classified as low-malt beer if they contains ingredients other than those stipulated for beer.
- 懐石料理は茶会以外の場、例えば料亭や割烹などの日本食を扱う料理店をはじめとして様々な飲食店で懐石料理を提供するところが増えた。
- Nowadays, kaiseki ryori is often served at places other than tea parties such as fancy Japanese-style restaurants and kappo-ryotei (fancy restaurants serving mostly Japanese cuisine) which are specialized in Japanese cuisine, and various other restaurants.
- この免許は、各都道府県の条例により定められているため、ある県で取得した免許を持っている場合でも、他県では無効となる場合が多い。
- As this license is in accordance with prefectural ordinances, even when a person is licensed in one prefecture, he or she often finds the license invalid in another.
- 狭義では、日本の文化財保護法や地方公共団体の条例における文化財の種類のひとつで、音楽や工芸技術などの無形の文化的所産を意味する。
- In a narrow sense, it means intangible cultural products such as music and applied arts, which belong to one category of cultural properties specified by the Act on Protection of Cultural Properties of Japan or ordinances of local public bodies.
- 女帝の礼服(即位用の正装)と束帯(通常の正装・男帝の黄櫨染に相当)は明正天皇の例に従って白竜文(竜文は無文の綾地綾)を使用した。
- Her formal dress for the enthronement ceremony and the traditional formal court dress (ordinary formal dress, equivalent to Koro zen (yellowish brown color for an emperor - for male emperors) made of white silk fabric were worn, following the the example of Emperor Meisho (the fabric was made of figured cloth without a pattern).
- 彼らの子の多くは何らかの知的障害を持って生まれたが、舂米と長谷は例外的に厩戸の優れた能力の一端を継承した人物として描かれている。
- Many of their children were born with some kind of intellectual disabilities, but Tsukishime and Ohatsuse are portrayed as characters who exceptionally inherited a part of Umayado's impressive ability.
- 国事行為臨時代行については、昭和天皇病気療養時に、皇太子明仁親王の外国旅行が重なり、皇長孫である徳仁親王が代行となった例がある。
- There was a case in which Imperial Prince Naruhito, the first grandson of the Emperor Showa, became an agent when Emperor Showa was treated medically and Crown Prince Akihito was traveling abroad.
- 「皇后宮」も「中宮」もともに皇后であり、互いに優劣はないが、「中宮」のほうが実質的に天皇の正妻としての地位を占めている例が多い。
- 'Kisai no miya' and 'Chugu' were both empresses and one was not superior to the other but in most cases, 'Chugu' was substantially in the position of the emperor's legal wife.
- また、外国では「The emperor」と呼ばれることから「名前+天皇」の用例がある(例『ラストエンペラー』での「裕仁天皇」)。
- Moreover, since tenno is called 'The Emperor' in foreign countries, there is an example of 'name + Tenno' (for example, 'Hirohito Tenno' (the Emperor Hirohito) in the movie 'The Last Emperor').
- 今日では、例えば「悲劇の皇女 和宮親子内親王」というように皇族の名前や身位とは別に、その皇族の境遇を強調する場合にも多用される。
- Today, 'Himemiko' is also often used to stress a situation of specific Imperial Family such as 'The tragic Himemiko, Kazunomiya Chikako Naishino' (the Imperial Princess Kazunomiya Chikako) apart from the names or statuses of the members of the Imperial Family.
- 日本文化を特徴的に示す概念として、「和(わ)」という言葉がしばしば用いられる(例:和語、和文、和歌、和服、和食、和風旅館など)。
- As a concept distinctively indicating the Japanese culture, the term 'Wa' is often used (e.g. Wago (words of Japanese origin), Wabun (Japanese text), Waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables), Wafuku (traditional Japanese clothes), Washoku (Japanese food), Wafu-ryokan (Japanese hotel), etc.).
- そのため杜氏は、酒蔵の内部では、蔵元からも蔵人からも大きな尊敬の念を寄せられており、親方(おやかた)と尊称されるのが通例である。
- Therefore it is common that the toji is called 'oyakata' (boss) by both the brewery and the kurabito because of great respect from them.
- 語源は「糸を引っ張って動かす」という意味の「からくる」という動詞の連用形の名詞化といい、16世紀後半頃から用例が確認されている。
- The etymology of karakuri is said to have been the nominalized adverbial form of the Japanese verb 'karakuru,' which means 'move something by pulling the strings attached to it,' and the word karakuri was found to have been used as early as in the late 16th century.
- 戦後の食料難を機に、今まで着目されなかった素材や代用品を取り上げて考案された料理が多い(例、ローメン、仙台牛タン、焼きうどん)。
- Due to the scarcity of food after World War II, substitute foods and foodstuffs hitherto uneaten, as well as many local dishes were created anew (e.g. romen noodle, ox tongue dishes of Sendai, or yakiudon (udon fried with meat or vegetables)].
- 個人船の場合は家紋や故人の人柄を示すもの(例:将棋が好きだった人は将棋の駒、幼児の場合は好きだったアニメキャラなど)が描かれる。
- A personal boat has a sail with a family crest or a drawing that indicates the idiosyncrasies of the deceased (e.g., a shogi piece (Japanese chess) for a shogi lover; or cartoon characters for a toddler).
- 例えば、『源氏物語』などの古文では、「琴」は、この項で説明している琴(きん)のほかに、箏、琵琶などすべての撥弦楽器を指している。
- For instance, in ancient writing such as 'Genji Monogatari,' 'Koto' indicates all plucked string instruments such as 'So (箏) no Koto' and Biwa (a four-string Japanese lute) besides 'Kin (琴) no Koto,' which is explained in this paragraph.
- 江戸時代以前の日記などの記録類においては誤記と思われる少数例を除けば「雙六」と「双六」の使い分けがはっきりとしている事からである。
- For example, before the Edo period, in the documents such as journals, '雙六' and '双六' were clearly different except with a few exceptions by errors.
- 日本の「皇紀」以外にも、西暦やイスラーム暦と異なる独自の紀元を立てたり、あるいは古くからあったものを西暦にかえて使った事例がある。
- In addition to Japanese 'Imperial Era,' there are cases where original eras different from the Western calendar system or Islamic calendar were established or old eras were converted to the Western calendar system for use.
- 国際連合平和維持活動で派遣された自衛隊員、災害救助にあたった自衛隊員に対する接見はすでに行なっていたが、これは異例のことであった。
- While the Emperor had already received the members of Self Defense Forces dispatched for the United Nations' peacekeeping operations and those engaged in disaster relief works, it was unprecedented that the Emperor received the members of Self Defense Forces dispatched to a battlefield.
- 日本では飛鳥時代に中大兄皇子と持統天皇の二例が見られるが、どちらも日本書紀では一見してほとんど事実上の天皇と同然に記述されている。
- There were two examples of Shosei in Japan, Prince Naka no Oe and Emperor Jito in Asuka period, both are recorded in the 'Chronicles of Japan' as if they were practically real Emperors.
- 内親王が斎宮に卜定された際にも野宮まで行幸し(天皇の野宮行幸はこの白河天皇の例のみである)、斎宮退下の後には堀河天皇の后に立てた。
- The Emperor accompanied the Imperial Princess to go to Nonomiya (the temporary palace for purification) when the Princess was appointed to become Saigu by fortune telling, (there was no other record in the history about an Emperor going to Nonimiya, apart from Emperor Shirakawa) after the Princess resigned from the position of Saigu, she was appointed as Emperor Horikawa's Empress.
- 1959年に裏千家十五代鵬雲斎の弟嘉治が慣例を理由に改姓を申し出、認められたことを皮切りに、左海祥二郎、伊住政和らが改姓している。
- In 1959, Yoshiharu - a younger brother of Hounsai, the 15th head of Urasenke - proposed changing his family name as a custom and was given permission, which was followed by others including Shojiro SAKAI and Masakazu IZUMI following suit.
- 例えば任天堂のゲームクリエイター・宮本茂は、ゲーム作りへのこだわりからほぼ出来上がったものを大幅にやり直させることがしばしばある。
- For instance, Nintendo video-game designer Shigeru MIYAMOTO is so particular about game creation that he often instructs his subordinates to make drastic changes to a product which is almost completed.
- 中世以降、中国では布袋になぞらえた太鼓腹の姿が弥勒仏の姿形として描かれるようになり、寺院の主要な仏堂に安置されるのが通例となった。
- Since the middle period, Miroku bodhisattva has been depicted with a paunchy appearance similar to that of Hotei in pictures and those pictures have been commonly placed in major Buddhist buildings of temples in China.
- しかしながら、江戸時代初期から文献では、特に寺院などで「寺方蕎麦」として蕎麦切りが作られ、茶席などで提供されたりした例が見られる。
- Starting during the early Edo period, however, there have been documented instances that, particularly, at places such as temples, sobakiri known as Terakata soba (buckwheat noodles offered in a temple) was made and served at a tea ceremony.
- 狭義では、日本の文化財保護法や地方公共団体の条例における文化財の種類のひとつで、建造物や美術工芸品などの有形の文化的所産を意味する。
- In a narrow sense, they are a type of cultural properties stipulated in the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties and ordinances of the local public entities, and it refers to cultural products with a tangible form including buildings and other structures, and works of fine arts and crafts.
- その起源は明らかではないが、上方においては村山又兵衛にはじまり、嵐三右衛門 (初代)が1年間の興行の順序、期間、式例などをさだめた。
- Although its origin is unknown, Matabe MURAYAMA was the first to organize kaomise and Sanemon ARASHI (I) determined the order, period, and convention of kaomise performance in Kamigata (Kyoto and Osaka area).
- 唐代の絵画によると警衛のものや宦官などが闕腋のうわぎを用い、文官などが有襴の縫腋袍を用いる例が多いが、すべてが沿うとも言い切れない。
- In drawings of the Tang period, one can see that many guarding officers and kangan (eunuchs) wore these robes with ketteki (1. unstitched, open-sided traditional Japanese clothing, or clothing with such an open side; or 2. a robe worn by military officials with a round collar, unstitched open sides and no ran) and civil officers used hoeki no ho with ran, but it wasn't necessarily appropriate to suggest so.
- しかし、天皇は立憲君主としての立場を自覚していたため、上御一人(最高権力者)であってもこの2例を除いて政治決定を下すことはなかった。
- However, the Emperor was aware of his position as constitutional monarch; therefore, he had not made political decisions apart from these two incidents although he was Kamigoichinin (person in paramount authority).
- これらにより、日本国内の食生活・食文化が均一化・均質化し、家庭内での調理機会も減少(例えば、魚を使った料理)した、と指摘されている。
- They argue that this has caused the uniformization or the homogenization of domestic culinary life and culture, and decreased the opportunity for Japanese to cook by themselves at home (e.g. fish dishes).
- 例えば千葉県東北部では、濃口醤油の澄まし汁仕立てで焼き角餅のお雑煮に「ハバノリのふりかけ」(鰹節も混ぜる場合があり)をかけて食べる。
- For example, in the north-eastern region of Chiba Prefecture, people eat zoni made with baked square mochi and strong soy-sauce soup sprinkled with 'Habanori no furikake' (dried and parched laver seaweed) (sometimes shaved bonito is mixed into it also).
- 例えば柄杓・蓋置・建水の運び出しは、女性は全てを建水に仕組むが、男性は建水に蓋置を仕込んだ上で柄杓は「乗馬柄杓」と称して右手に持つ。
- For example, in the women's style, a rest for the kettle lid, or futaoki, and the bamboo ladle must be inside the rinse-water container called kensui, while in the men's style, the rest for the kettle lid must be inside the rinse-water container, and the bamboo ladle must be held in the right hand, which is, namely, (horse riding ladle way.)
- これに対して有平細工のように水飴をくわえた砂糖を熱して冷まし造形を行なうものもあり、類例として雲平細工や新粉(しんこ)細工などがある。
- On the other hand, like aruheizaiku, starch syrup is added to sugar and heated, cooled down and shaped and as similar examples, there are umpei zaiku (umpei work) and shinkozaiku and so on.
- 例えば、護良を祭神とする鎌倉宮では「もりながしんのう」と読んでおり「もりよし」は「祭神の名前の読みとしては誤用である」との見解である。
- For example, the Kamakura-gu Shrine that enshrines the Prince, calls him Prince Morinaga, saying that 'moriyoshi' is an mistaken pronunciation of the enshrined deity's name.
- しかし不完全醗酵により、醪のなかには、まだ醗酵性糖分がそのまま残っているため、製成酒は日本酒度のわりには甘く感じられるのが通例である。
- However, it is usual that the seisei-shu is felt sweet for the sake meter value because some amount of fermentable sugar remains unchanged in the moromi due to the incomplete fermentation.
- だが、先に紹介された聖武天皇の盤双六の例を初め、平安時代の加賀国の国衙に「雙六別当」と称される部署が存在したと言う記録が残されている。
- However, besides, as already mentioned above, the board Sugoroku played by Emperor Shomu as an evidence, the historical record says that 'Sugoroku-betto (a head office for Sugoroku)' was placed in the provincial government in the Kaga Domain,.
- 個々の項目の具体例を挙げると、近江八景の「石山の秋月」のように「石山」(対象となる地)と「秋月」(その地で見られる事象)のようになる。
- To give a concrete example of a component of Eight Views, the Eight Views of Omi has 'Autumn Moon at Ishiyama' (written as 石山秋月), which consists of 'Ishiyama (石山)' (the site of the scene) and 'Fall Moon (秋月)' (a phenomenon at the site).
- 江戸幕府のもとでも天皇の権威は温存されたが、紫衣事件などにみられるように、年号の勅定などを僅かな例外として政治権力はほとんどなかった。
- The authority of the Emperor was preserved under the Edo Bakufu (from 1603); but as seen in the Shie Incident Emperors had almost no political power except few occasions such as deciding the name of an era; (Shie Incident refers to the incident in which Emperor Gomizuno gave purple robes, symbolizing the highest order of priesthood, to Daitoku-ji Temple and Myoshin-ji Temple in 1627 without the approval of Bakufu and caused Bakufu to take back the purple robes to deny the authority of Emperor Gomizuno.)
- 中世以後(初例は後三条天皇とされているが、恒例となったのは後深草天皇以後とされる)には即位灌頂と呼ばれる仏教様式の儀式も執り行われた。
- In and after medieval times, Buddhist style ceremonies called Sokui Kanjo (Buddhist ritual of accession ordination) were also held (although it is said that the first case was made at Emperor Gosanjo, it become an established custom after Emperor Gofukakusa).
- 有栖川宮家にはすでに熾仁親王という嫡子がいたため、稠宮は親王家の慣例に従い、然るべき年齢に達した後に妙法院の門跡となることが内定した。
- Since Imperial Prince Taruhito was the oldest son in Arisugawa no Miya family, Sawanomiya was decided unofficially to enter into the Myoho-in Temple and become a priest-prince when he reached the appropriate age, following the custom of the Imperial family.
- しかし現状では、能楽協会会員以外の者が仕事として演能を依頼されることは、和泉のような極めて稀な事例を除き、日本国内ではまずあり得ない。
- In the current situation, however, it is practically impossible for someone who is not a member of the Nohgaku Performers' Association to be offered a job to perform Noh within Japan, except for very rare cases such as IZUMI.
- 主に作家や評論家などのゲストを呼んで講演や対談・インタビューなどを行う昼間の本会企画と、夜に旅館で行う合宿企画の二部構成が通例である。
- Usually, it consists of two sessions, one being a scheme of plenary session in the daytime where mainly writers and critics are invited to deliver lectures or join conversations or interviews, and another being a scheme of lodging session held in the evening at ryokan (a Japanese style hotel).
- 上代の文献では全体にわたってこのように整然たる仮名の使い分けが見られ、一部の例外を除いて甲乙の混同は見られず両者は厳然と区別されていた。
- We can see such a methodical usage of phonetic characters throughout the documents written in ancient Japanese, and with some exceptions, A-type and B-type were strictly distinguished and there was no confusion between them.
- 今日我々が読むことができる即位詔は『続日本紀』が採録した文武天皇以降のものの一部で、一部例外を除き宣命体という独特の文体で記されている。
- For the imperial edict upon enthronement available at present, there exist only a part of the edicts of Emperor Monmu and his successive emperors in the later time, archived in 'Shoku-Nihongi' (Chronicles of Japan II), and except for some cases, they are written in Senmyo (imperial edict) texts.
- 一部の出版物においては、今上天皇に対して、敬称を用いない三人称に「○○(元号)天皇」(例:「明仁」)という称号を用いる事例が散見される。
- In some publications, examples using title 'OO (name of Japanese era) Tenno,' without using honorific titles to Kinjo Tenno for the third person (for example: Akihito), can be seen here and there.
- また、例年パッケージツアーが組まれる他、土曜日及び日曜日には臨時特急列車「かううらひなまつり号」が運行されるなどで、賑わいを見せている。
- Furthermore, in addition to the packaged tours which are arranged annually, other attractions such as an extra express train called 'Katsuura Hinamatsuri Go' being run on Saturdays and Sundays attract large crowds.
- 小型の弓にお守りなどをつけた神社の縁起物の「破魔矢」は、神奈川県の破魔矢奉製所(寿製所と誤記してる例多し)という会社が商標登録していた。
- Hamaya,' a lucky charm given by shrines today, was originally a trademark registered by a company in Kanagawa Prefecture called Hamaya Hoseisho, which produced 'Hamaya' by decorating a small bow with amulets or other materials.
- 一般に、悪さをしないと言われているが、鳥取県溝口町(現・西伯郡伯耆町)に出現する「幽霊傘」(ゆうれいがさ)という妖怪は例外のようである。
- Although karakasa-kozo is said to do no harm in general, the yokai called yurei-gasa (an umbrella monster) that appears in Mizoguchi-cho, Tottori Prefecture (present Hoki-cho, Saihaku County) seems to be an exception.
- 大道芸としての親しみやすさから動物・鳥類をモチーフにしたものが主で、仕上げの例としては最終的に成形後にニワトリの鶏冠が食紅で赤く彩られる。
- It is a friendly street performance and shapes mainly animals or birds and as a finished example, after shaping, the crest of a chicken is painted with food red.
- (ちなみに第一次エチオピア戦争で、エチオピア帝国がイタリア王国に勝利した先例があるが、これは英仏の全面的な軍事的支援によるものであった。)
- (There was a historical precedence where the Ethiopian Empire was victorious over the Kingdom of Italy in the First Italy–Ethiopian War but it was made possible by a full-scale military support of England and France.)
- 中世にはその名のとおり、夏だけ単にかさねて着たものであったが、のちに四季を通じて衣紋を保たせるために着て、通例、夏は赤、冬は白帷であった。
- It was worn over the hitoe only during summer in medieval times as the name suggests, but it was later worn throughout the seasons to wear a kimono properly not to allow it to come loose, and aka-katabira (red light hemp garment) was worn during summer while shiro-katabira (white light hemp garment) was worn during winter.
- たとえば、本外題が『寿曽我対面』という演目を、通常われわれは『吉例寿曽我』、『曽我の対面』、あるいは『対面』などといった通称で呼んでいる。
- For example, the play entitled 'Kotobuki Soga no Taimen' is generally called by its nicknames 'Kichirei Kotobuki Soga,' 'Soga no Taimen,' and 'Taimen.'
- 例えば西日本の一部地域の様に「三社参り」などと言って正月三が日の内に複数(多くは三社程度)の神社に参拝するのが習慣となっている地域もある。
- For example, in some regions in the western Japan, there is a custom called 'sanja-mairi' in which people visit different shrines (about three shrines in most cases) during the first three days of the New Year.
- 正式には和服の慣例に準じ、男性は黒の5つ紋付の長着に縞袴、女性は紋付の黒または色留袖に襠袴だが、規定は無くそれ以外が着用されることも多い。
- Officially, men wear black nagagi (full-length garments) with five family crests and striped hakama, and women wear black or color tomesode (formal dress patterned only below the waistline, as worn by a married woman) with family crests and machi hakama, following the code for traditional Japanese clothing; but there are no rules and often different clothing is worn.
- それぞれの品種の酒米において、個々にそうした反比例が成り立つため、上級品種だからといって必ずしも下級品種よりも良い米質であるとは限らない。
- Because this inverse relationship exists individually for each variety of sakamai, the variety of the higher grade doesn't necessarily have better quality than the rice of the lower variety.
- 美観地区が最もよく整備されているのは京都市で、約1800haが美観地区に指定されており、市街地景観整備条例によって建築物の規制がされている。
- In Kyoto City where an aesthetic area is best maintained, a total of approximately 1800 hectares is designated as an aesthetic area, and architectural structures are regulated by an ordinance on urban area landscape improvement.
- なお、旧令の用語のうち、現行令により修正されたものについては適宜修正した(例「宮内大臣」を「宮内庁長官」、「図書頭」を「書陵部部長」など)。
- Furthermore, some terms had been used in the old Kotofu Rei but was amended in the existing Kotofu Rei, such amendments were made where appropriate (for instance, 'Imperial Household Minister' was amended as 'Grand Steward of the Imperial Household Agency,' 'Zusho no kami' as 'Manager of Imperial Household Archives,' and so on.)
- 現代においても、一般的な用語としては用いられないが、皇居において天皇の子女の部屋を皇子室というように、皇子の呼称が使用される例も散見される。
- Although Miko is not used as a general term at present, there are some cases to use the naming of Miko here and there, such as the Miko room to refer to the room for the children of the emperor at the Imperial Palace.
- 湯沐邑の用例として最も古い時代を参照するものとしては、平安時代に作られた『新撰姓氏録』に、「諸国に多治部を定めて皇子の湯沐邑にした」とある。
- The oldest reference to an example of Tomokuyu was in 'Shinsen Shojiroku' (Newly Compiled Register of Clan Names and Titles of Nobility) composed in the Heian period, saying 'Tajibe (people who are privately owned by the Emperor and in charge of education for the Prince) was set in various districts to be Prince's Tomokuyu.'
- 皇族の身分に関する事柄は天皇の大権事項であるから、この準則が存在したとしても、天皇の意思があれば例外をつくることは可能であったと考えられる。
- Since the matters in relation to Imperial rank was under Emperor Taikenjiko's control (Emperor has right to control), even if this regulation existed, it was possible for the Emperor to make an exception if he wished to do so.
- また、この元明天皇の前例に則り、仮に女性皇族が即位しても夫が皇統に属する男系男子の旧皇族(旧宮家)であれば男系が維持されるという意見もある。
- In addition, there is an opinion that based on the precedent of Emperor Genmei, the male-line is maintained even if a female member of Imperial Family ascends to the throne as long as her husband is an old imperial family member from the imperial male-line.
- そのため、就任は10歳前半までに行い、長じても20歳代までに将軍職を辞任して京都に返され、中務卿・式部卿などに任ぜられることが通例であった。
- For that reason, it was common that the post of shogun was assumed before he was 10, and he was sent back to Kyoto in his 20's after he was resigned as Shogun; he would be appointed to Nakatsukasa-kyo (Minister of the Ministry of Central Affairs) or Shikibukyo (Minister of the Ministry of Ceremonial) after that.
- 日本でおにぎりと言えば三角に握ったものというイメージが強く、「おにぎり型」というように三角形をした物のことを指す代名詞としてよく例えられる。
- In Japan, onigiri has a strong image of triangle and 'onigiri-shaped' is a good example of the pronoun to indicate the things triangle.
- 典型的な例として、主人公は自分の家族、大名、禁じられた恋愛との選択に迫られた場合に、唯一の窮地からの解決として、心中をする(例:近松もの)。
- As a typical example, a leading character who is forced to select either to take heed of his family and his lord or to fulfill his forbidden love affairs cannot help but commit suicide with his lover in order to be released from the dilemma (as depicted, for instance, in a series of drama written by Monzaemon CHIKAMATSU.)
- その根拠は、例えば茶入が重視されていた利休時代に「掛物ほど第一の道具はなし」と記すような、当時のものとは考えられない記述が目立つ点であった。
- The theory was based on the fact that this book has descriptions which are hard to believe to be the ones of those days; for example, although Rikyu's days put a premium on chaire (tea container), the book says, 'Nothing is more important than Kakemono (a hanging scroll; a work of calligraphy or a painting which is mounted and hung in an alcove or on a wall).'
- 壺焼きは、壺状の調理器の中で蒸し焼きにするもののほか、巻貝の貝殻をそのまま調理器として使う料理法をも意味するが、後者の料理法の代表的な事例。
- Tsuboyaki (literally, cook in a vase) means two things: one is to smother food in a vase-shaped cooker, and another is to use a snail shell itself as a cooker and process the snail, but usually, the latter cuisine is a typical example.
- 盛岡文士劇は、昭和24年、作家の鈴木彦次郎を中心に始まり、歳末恒例の盛岡名物として第13回の昭和37年まで盛岡劇場(旧盛岡劇場)で上演された。
- The Morioka bunshi-geki began in 1949 with Hikojiro SUZUKI, a writer, as a central figure and had been performed thirteen times until 1962 at the Morioka Theater (old Morioka Theater) as a Morioka's annual year-end attraction.
- この話を受けた京都の老舗 組み紐店は、伝統の維持と、前例のない事からこの話を一度は断るが、後に承諾、画期的なシューズは2001年に発売された。
- The long-established braided cord store in Kyoto which received this offer from Nike had once declined it for the reasons of preservation of tradition and a lack of precedent, but accepted it later and the innovative shoes were released in 2001.
- なお、明治の皇室典範は臣籍から皇籍への復帰を「君臣の分を乱すもの」として認めていないが、鎌倉時代まで遡ると王氏から皇族への復帰の例は存在する。
- Under Imperial House Law during the Meiji period, it was not allowed for subjects who once left the Imperial Family to return to the Imperial Family since it was considered to 'confuse the moral of sovereignty and subjects,' but there were some examples where the Emperor's family changed to the Imperial Family during the Kamakura period.
- しかし、一部自治体で独自の原産地呼称管理制度が始まっており、長野県の長野県原産地呼称管理制度や、山梨県甲州市のワイン原産地認証条例などがある。
- However, some local governments have begun their own control system of appellation of origin, such as Nagano Appellation Control of Nagano Prefecture and Wine Domain of Origin Certification Regulation of Koshu City, Yamanashi Prefecture.
- 例えば新刀最上作である堀川国広が相州上工の作を写しているが、鎌倉期の地鉄、匂い口と、慶長元和期の綺麗な新刀地鉄とでは時代の差が歴然としている。
- For instance, Kunihiro HORIKAWA who was the best new sword craftsman, imitated the work of Soshu artisans, but the difference in periods, in the iron quality and the Nioikuchi, between that in the Kamakura period and those whose iron is beautiful in the Keicho Genwa era is obvious
- 例えば、雅楽に用いる鳥兜と火炎太鼓に紅葉を添えたものは、源氏物語「紅葉の賀」で主人公が紅葉の下で鳥兜をかぶる優美な舞青海波を舞った場面を表す。
- For instance, the uta-e depicting a torikabuto (a traditional hat worn when playing gagaku (ancient Japanese court dance and music)), a kaendaiko (a large drum decorated with flames), and Japanese maple leaves suggests the scene where the hero of 'Genji Monogatari' performed an elegant dance 'Seigaiha' (Blue Ocean Wave) donning a torikabuto under Japanese maple trees, which appears in the chapter of 'Koyo-no-ga' (An Autumn Excursion).
- 例えば、雑煮、赤飯、おでんなどは地方によって味噌・醤油・塩・砂糖など味付けが異なり、かつ白味噌・赤味噌などの細かな分類がある為地域差が大きい。
- For example, some common dishes, such as zoni (vegetable soup containing rice cakes), sekihan (festive red rice) and oden (Japanese hotchpotch foods served in a pot), have different seasonings (soy sauce, salt, sugar, white miso or red miso, etc.) according to each local community, so they differ greatly from each other.
- しかし、ごく稀に例外として分派独立を許される者(江戸期における喜多流の分派)や、各流派の宗家の了承を得て移籍を果たす者(観世栄夫)も見られる。
- However, there were a very few exceptions that a person was allowed to branch out on his own (the Kita school established as a branch school in the Edo period) or transferred to another school with permission of the head families of the schools (Hideo KANZE).
- ただし、当時は作文始・御遊始(管弦)と合わせた一連の行事として捉えられて御会始と呼ばれており、1日のうちに3つを行うのが通例と考えられていた。
- But because gokaihajime was considered to consist of a poetry reading, 作文始 and gyoyuhajime (ancient Japanese court music playing), it was thought to be a customary practice that these three events were held in one day.
- 直系・嫡系皇位継承法説を支持する学者の多くは、桓武天皇以降に不改常典は形骸化し、内容が理解されないまま先例を踏襲して書き継がれていったと考える。
- Many of the scholars who support the direct line imperial succession code theory or the legitimate child imperial succession code theory think that Fukai-no-Joten/ Fukaijoten had become a dead letter after the reign of Emperor Kanmu, and it had continued to be written according to precedent without understanding the contents.
- 最近になって大統領金大中は諸国の慣例に従って「天皇」という称号を用いる様にマスコミ等に働きかけたがマスコミはそれに従う者と従わない者に二分した。
- Recently, the President Dae-jing KIM worked on the mass media to follow the custom of various countries and use the title 'Tenno,' but the mass media split into those that follow and those that do not.
- 祭の賑やかな様子から、「お祭り騒ぎ」という慣用句が生まれ、何かが賑やかな状態や、喧騒や喧々諤々などの状態になっているのを例えてた態様表現がある。
- A idiom, 'omatsuri sawagi' (festivity), generated from a cheerful atmosphere of festival, is an expression of the states something cheerful, or hustle and bustle, kenkengakugaku (clamorous censure) and so on.
- 観世栄夫が特例として能楽協会会員に混じって日本国内で能を演じたこともあったが、この時でも観世栄夫に支払われた現金は出演料という形を取らなかった。
- There was a case that Hideo KANZE performed Noh with members of the Nohgaku Performers' Association within Japan as an exception, but cash that was paid to Hideo KANZE was not in the form of a performance fee.
- 例えば「刀を抜く」という仕草の場合、扇子を柄に見立てて抜いた後、鍔元から切先まで視線を動かしながら見ると、刀の長さが観客に伝わるという口伝がある。
- For example, there is a tradition within the rakugo community that the gesture of drawing a sword can be well conveyed to the audience by moving a folded fan like the hilt of a sword, and then by shifting the eyes from the end of the fan to a point of empty space representing the point of the sword to indicate the length of the blade.
- 昭和44年 (1969) 7月、国立劇場で中村勘三郎 (17代目)の文弥・仁三で通し狂言が復活上演されたのが、今日までその唯一の例外となっている。
- The only exception until now was, in July, 1969, with Kanzaburo NAKAMURA XVII as Bunya and Nisa, the full length play was re-performed at the National Theater.
- 袱紗さばきの一例は、点者が茶席にはいる前に袱紗を三角形に折りたたみ、男性であれば帯の下からその一角をはさんで、女性であれば帯の上からはさんで出る。
- One example of fukusa sabaki is to fold fukusa in triangle and tuck it into the obi sash, at the lower rim of the obi sash when the person who is to make tea is a man, or at the upper rim of the obi sash when the person is a woman, before entering the tea room.
- また即位礼の習礼で皇族が使用し(このときは立烏帽子・指袴(切袴)・烏皮履を使用)、また神宮祭主など、皇族が神職をつとめる場合に使用例があるという。
- A konoshi is also worn by the Imperial Family during the rehearsal for the enthronement ceremony (on this occasion it is worn with a tateeboshi (formal headwear with a peak), a sashiko (hakama on which the sashinuki hem reaches the ankles and is not tied) and uhiri (black leather shoes)), and when members of the Imperial Family serve as Shinto priests such as the head priest of Ise-jingu Shrine.
- 例えば、展開図を二次元の作品へと平らに折りたためるかどうかの問題 (flat-foldability) はそういった数学的課題のうちの一つである。
- For example, flat-foldability, an issue as to whether or not a crease pattern can be folded into a two-dimensional model, is an example of a mathematical challenge.
- 翌3年(1134年)3月2日、廷臣の反対を排し、上皇の妃ながらに女御宣下を与え、同月19日、これまた異例中の異例として、皇后宮に冊立したのである。
- Despite the objections of court retainers, Taishi was given the title of Imperial Princess on April 5 of the following year, entitling her to be treated as almost equal to the Retired Emperor's Empress, and in an almost unprecedented turn of events, she became Kogogu (equivalent to Empress) on April 22.
- しかし古来日本の皇室では、皇位を継承するためには父のみ皇族であればよく、皇族男子と藤原氏など臣民女子との間に生まれた子が即位した例はきわめて多い。
- On the other hand, in the Japanese Imperial Household in ancient times, the child of an Imperial family member father was allowed to succeed the throne; many children who were born between the male Imperial Family Members and the female subjects ascended to the throne.
- 女官を生母として生まれた朱宮は本来であれば、他の多くの女官腹の皇女を同じく、内親王宣下を受けることもなく比丘尼御所で生涯を終えるのが通例であった。
- Because her birth mother was a court lady, under normal circumstances, Akenomiya should have lived her life at an imperial palace for bikuni (female Buddhist disciples) like many other princesses born to court ladies without receiving the proclamation of the title as Imperial Princess.
- 村上天皇は為平親王を愛し、その婚礼には自分が安子と婚礼した際の例に倣って宮中の昭陽舎で実施させるなど、将来の皇位継承候補としての待遇を受けている。
- Emperor Murakami loved Imperial Prince Tamehira, he let the Prince follow his example of having the Prince's wedding at Shoyosha of the Imperial Palace where the Emperor had his own wedding with Anshi (Yasuko), the Prince was treated as the future successor to the Imperial throne.
- 時にとりわけ大きな力をもった権力者が天皇という地位を廃止、あるいは簒奪を画策したことがあるとされているが、現在までに成功した例はないとされている。
- It is said that sometimes, especially big authority planned to abolish or usurp the position of the Emperor, but it is said that no one has succeeded.
- 但し、含まれる酵素により熟成が進み、また、糖分とアミノ酸がメイラード反応し、温度、時間に比例し、白色→黄色→ピンク色→褐色→焦げ茶色→黒色となる。
- However, the yeast contained within sakekasu carries out fermentation and the Maillard reaction between sugar and amino acids leads to its color changing from white to yellow then pink followed by brown, dark brown and black depending on temperature and time.
- 平成に入って、テレビの骨董鑑定番組の影響から急激に需要が増えたが、投機目的や、インテリアとして求められる例が多く、暖房器具としての需要は低かった。
- Since the 1990s, demand rapidly increased due to the influence of an antiques appraisal show on TV, although most people bought them in the hope their value would increase or as interior accessories rather than as heating appliances.
- これに似た例として、石川県金沢市の金沢カレー、茨城県土浦市のツェッペリンカレー、北海道富良野市の富良野カレー、秋田県仙北市の神代カレーなどがある。
- Similar examples include Kanazawa curry of Kanazawa City in Ishikawa Prefecture, Zeppelin curry of Tsuchiura City in Ibaraki Prefecture, Furano curry of Furano City in Hokkaido, and Jindai curry of Senboku City, Akita Prefecture.
- 現在もほぼ日本全域に分布する最もポピュラーな桜であり、例年3月に気象庁が発表する「さくらの開花予想」(桜前線)も本種の開花状況が基準となっている。
- It's still the most popular cherry tree in Japan, being planted in nearly every area of the country, and the 'bloom forecast' (cherry blossom front) which is announced in March of every year by the Japan Meteorological Agency is based on the bloom condition of this type.
- 例えば『日本三代実録』によると、承和3年(837年)に仁明天皇が、弄玉、弄刀(今で言うジャグリングのような曲芸)の散楽を演じさせたとの記録がある。
- In 'Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku,' for example, there is a description stating that Emperor Ninmyo ordered in 837 to perform rodama (ball playing) and roto (sword playing - stunt similar to current juggling).
- 例外的に香坂しぐれ、きくりのような女性キャラも存在するが、この場合も武道の達人、くノ一や男装趣味といった特殊な設定のキャラクターであることが多い。
- As exceptional examples, there are some female characters in fundoshi loincloths, like Shigure KOSAKA and Kikuri, but most of them are specially designed for particular characters such as an expert in marshal arts, a female ninja, a devotee of wearing men's clothes and so on.
- 別名 ゴケンジョ 「後家の女」の意で、平たい貝殻が二枚貝の殻に似ているにもかかわらず、1枚しかないありさまを夫を失った未亡人(後家)に例えたもの。
- Also known as gokenjo (literally meaning 'widow woman'), because the flat shell resembles a bivalve shell but as it does not have a matching shell it can be compared to a widow who has lost her husband.
- 最初の例は1872年(明治5年)京都で上演されたサミュエル・スマイルズ作中村正直訳の『西国立志編』が原作の『鞋補童教学』『其粉色陶器交易』であった。
- Their first examples were 'Kutsunaoshi Waranbe no Oshie' (literally, 'Teachings by a Child Repairing Shoes') and 'Sonoirodori Toki no Koeki' (literally, 'The Color and the Trade of Earthenware') presented in Kyoto in 1872, and their original was 'Saigoku Risshihen' (a translation from Self-Help written by Samuel Smiles) by Masanao NAKAMURA.
- また欧米各国の識者からも、実際の運用能力への留保はありつつ、その内容に関しては高く評価された(具体例としてエルヴィン・フォン・ベルツが挙げられる)。
- While there were some reservations regarding its actual operational abilities, the constitution was highly acclaimed by intellectuals in U. S. and European countries (with a specific example being Erwin von Bälz) in terms of its contents.
- 現在の折り紙は、多くの場合、使用する紙は一枚で、はさみや糊などは使用しないが、2枚の紙を使うもの(例 手裏剣)やはさみで切り込みを入れるものもある。
- In many cases, origami models are made of a sheet of paper without using scissors or glue, but scissors are used to cut paper for certain designs which require two sheets of paper, for example shuriken (a small throwing blade).
- 調合・焼成の困難な赤色系の絵付を17世紀に成功させたのは、磁器を国内で初めて製作した有田焼以外ではこれが唯一の例であり、かつ陶器では国内初であった。
- This was the first and only example of a successful piece of earthen pottery with a reddish color paint in the 17th century aside from Arita-yaki (Arita pottery), which was the first Japanese porcelain, since reddish color paint requires a delicate glaze compound and burning.
- また、廃絶した又は廃絶する予定の宮家の祭祀を承継するため廃絶した宮家の宮号と同じ氏を用いる例があった(小松輝久侯爵・華頂博信侯爵・東伏見邦英伯爵)。
- Also there were another examples where they kept the same Miya go title which was about to be or already discontinued, in order to succeed the ritual of the prince's family (Marquis Teruhisa KOMATSU, Marquis Hironobu KACHO, Count Kunihide HIGASHIFUSHIMI).
- 律令制度の下では、内親王・女王は非皇族と婚姻しても、皇族の身分を保持したままであることが通例であったが、皇室典範では皇籍を離脱することが定められる。
- Under a government based upon the ritsuryo legal code, the right was granted for Imperial Princes and Princesses to keep their rank as Imperial Family after marrying partners who were not from the Imperial Family, however according to Imperial House Law they must renounce their membership in the Imperial Family.
- 場所は、山頂、海浜、川、そして市など、境界性を帯びた地が多く、常陸筑波山、同童子女松原、肥前杵島岳、摂津歌垣山、大和海石榴市、同軽市などの例がある。
- As for venues for utagaki meetings, well-bounded places were selected such as mountain tops, seashores, riversides, market places, and so on; for example, Mt. Tsukuba in Hitachi Province, Otome no Matsubara park in the same Province, Mt. Kishima-dake in Hizen Province, Mt. Utagaki-yama in Settsu Province, Tsubakichi (also known as Tsubaichi) marketplace in Yamato Province, Karuno-ichi marketplace in the same Province, and so on.
- 有明海などにしか大規模に残っていない干潟に生息する魚介類の料理は、過去に岡山県の児島湾などの他の地域でもみられたのにすでに消滅してしまった例もある。
- Tideland fish and shellfish once existed in Kojima Bay, Okayama Prefecture and in other regions of Japan, but now their large-scale habitat exists only in the Sea of Ariake, so they are no longer used in local cuisine.
- 以前の旗の形をしたものは旗印、旗の形ではないものを馬印とし、更に時代を下ると馬印は大馬印と小馬印に分かれた(大馬印に比例する旗印は纏と表記される)。
- Traditional ones which were in a flag shape were called hatajirushi and others which were not in a flag shape were regarded as umajirushi, and in later years, o-umajirushi (large umajirushi) were distinguished from ko-umajirushi (small umajirushi); additionally, hatajirushi whose size was equivalent to o-umajirushi were called matoi.
- 確実な記録としては、『天王寺屋茶会記』の永禄7年(1564)8月20日の津田宗達の茶会で用いられたのが初例であり、珠光の時代よりも随分と下っている。
- A reliable record is 'Record of the Tea Ceremony at Tennojiya,' which describes the tea ceremony given by Sotatsu TSUDA on October 5, 1564, on which occasion the caddy was used, but the date is much later than the period of Juko.
- 周りに正方形の紙がなくとも、例えば目の前にあるいらない書類などを工夫して正方形に整えれば、予め用紙を用意してなくとも折り紙を十分に楽しむことが出来る。
- Even if square paper is not available, origami can be fully enjoyed with paper made by shaping unwanted documents in hand into a square with a little ingenuity, and therefore it is not necessary to prepare origami paper in advance.
- 欧米を中心とする先進諸国は勿論、アジア全体と比較しても異例の低比率のため、日本のキリスト教関係者は、かつてこれを「1%の壁」と形容していたこともある。
- The figure is extraordinary low compared with the whole of Asia as well as developed countries mainly in Europe and the United States, and those involved in Christianity in Japan once described this situation as 'the wall of one percent.'
- また派生して団子状の丸いもの、もしくは丸まったもののことを団子と呼ぶ場合もある(例えば土団子、ダンプリング、ミートボール(肉団子)、クネードルなど)。
- In Japan, some small balls are called 'dango', for example, a ball made of earth (children often make it at sandboxes or beaches) is called 'tsuchi-dango' (literally, 'earth dango'); meatballs are called 'niku-dango' (literally, 'meat dango') and other foods for dishes such as dumplings and knaidlach are called 'dango' as well.
- 甲乙の差異については、例えば「き」を表す万葉仮名は支・吉・峡・来・棄などの漢字が甲類の「き」とされ、「秋」や「君」「時」「聞く」の「き」を表していた。
- As for the distinction between A-type and B-type, for example, Manyo-gana representing the sound of 'き' (ki) included in the Chinese characters of 支, 吉, 峡, 来 and 棄 were A-type characters and used to write 'き' (ki) of 'aki' (autumn), 'kimi' (you), 'toki' (time) or 'kiku' (listen).
- しかし、それ以外の外交とは関係の無い国内向けの公文書(例えば日本人向けの勲記、辞令等)においても「日本国皇帝」を発令者とするものが多数確認されている。
- However, many official documents for domestic communication that have nothing to do with diplomacy (e.g. certificates for decoration for the Japanese, appointment letters, etc.) with the title 'Nihonkoku Kotei' as issuer are identified.
- 実際に5世の子孫だったかには賛否両論あるが、この事例は5世の子孫までは皇位継承権を持ちうる先例となって、その後の皇位断絶に強く意識されることとなった。
- There were theories approving and disapproving whether the Emperor Keitai was in fact the descendant of Emperor Ojin or not, but this experience was accepted as an example of allowing descendants, up to five generations, succeed to the throne, it was strongly reflected in the discontinuity of Imperial succession later on.
- 複数の都道府県で栽培されている場合には、原則として原産地都道府県の項に配した(例28府県で産地品種銘柄に指定されている山田錦は原産地の兵庫県の項に)。
- When a specific variety is grown in multiple prefectures, as a general rule it's allocated to the prefecture in which it was originated (e.g., Yamada nishiki, which is designated as a brand variety of growing districts in 28 prefectures, is allocated to its place of origin, Hyogo Prefecture).
- 明治維新以前は、弓を引くことは一部の例外を除いて武士階級のみが許されていたが、維新後は一般庶民でも弓が引けるようになり、急速に遊戯化・娯楽化が進んだ。
- Until the Meiji Restoration, with some exceptions, only members of the samurai class were allowed to draw bows, but after the restoration the common people were allowed to draw bows, and it rapidly became a game or an amusement.
- 寿司職人も比較的安易に養成されている傾向があり、一例としてニューヨーク・タイムズ紙(2007年7月29日)は韓国人が主催する「寿司教室」を紹介している。
- Sushi chefs tend to be relatively easily trained and, for example, The New York Times (July 29, 2007) introduced 'Sushi Lessons' managed by Koreans.
- 詞調に合わせて詞が作られるが、詞調ごとに形式が決められており、例えば「憶江南」では、句の字数が3・5・7・7・5、押韻が2・4・5句目と決められている。
- Ci is composed according to each tune that had the different form; for example, in 'Okukonan (Recalling the south of the Chang Jiang River) ' the number of characters in each line is determined as 3,5,7,7, and 5 characters, and the 2nd, 4th, and 5th lines should be rhymed.
- その例証のひとつとして、ひとりの天皇の在位年数を実際より長くしてしまったため、武内宿禰のような何代もの天皇に仕えた者の年齢が異常に長くなったとしている。
- He maintains that the length of each emperor's reign was made longer than its actual length, which caused the life spans of persons, such as TAKEUCHI no Sukune, who served several successive emperors, to be abnormally long.
- ただし、その中には、天皇在位のままで死去するのは不吉であるとして、崩御直前に譲位の手続きが行われて太上天皇の尊号が贈られ、そのまま崩御した例も見られる。
- However, they include instances where Emperors thought it was ominous to die while in the reign and arrangements were immediately made to hand over the throne before the demise, with the honorary title of Daijo Tenno being awarded and the Daijo Tenno passing away soon thereafter.
- 明日香皇女は、母が豪族の娘という身分にしては、持統天皇の訪問を受けたり、彼女の病気平癒のために108人の沙門を出家させたりなど、異例の扱いを受けている。
- The Imperial Princess Asuka, despite of the fact that her mother was a daughter of a merely local ruling family, was given an unusual treatment, as she was visited by the Empress Jito, who also persuaded 108 people to become priests, praying for the recovery of the princess from her illness.
- このような異表記が見られるということは、かつては「上宮記」以外にも継体の出自系譜を伝える史料が存在した可能性(例えば『日本書紀』の系図)を示唆している。
- Since there were different writing expressions used for one person in historical books, we can also consider that there were possible historical materials which existed to support the origins of the family tree chart for the Emperor Keitai, other than the 'Joguki' (For example, family tree charts of 'Nihonshoki' [Chronicles of Japan]).
- 中世武家社会においては、男子が成人に達して元服を行う際に特定の人物に依頼して仮親に為って貰い、当人の頭に烏帽子を被せる役を務めることが通例とされていた。
- It was customary in the samurai society during the medieval ages to have someone special become a nominal father to perform the role of placing an eboshi on a boy's head at the family's request when the boy celebrates the genpuku ceremony.
- 石川県の金沢市には正月に色とりどりの辻占煎餅を、縁起物として家族で楽しむ風習があり、現在も和菓子店における辻占の製作風景は、年末恒例の風物詩となっている。
- In Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Prefecture, there is a custom that the whole family enjoy colorful tsujiura-senbei as good lucky charms, and even now the scene of tsujiura production in Japanese sweets shops is a special feature at the year end.
- 明治の浮世絵の例にもれず、新聞錦絵には舶来の安いアニリン系の洋紅や紫ムラコが使用され、鮮やかでいささかどぎつい効果をあげ、幕末までの浮世絵と色調が異なる。
- Like other ukiyoe prints created in Meiji period, carminite and ramco which were based on imported inexpensive aniline were used in shinbun-nishiki-e and they exerted a colorful and loud effect and, therefore, shinbun-nishiki-e had different color tones from those of ukiyoe created before the end of Edo period.
- もっとも、江戸時代は身分の上下を問わず家を存続させるための養子が頻繁に行われており、嗣子の絶えた摂家を継ぐため皇族が養子に入った例が3例ある(皇別摂家)。
- However, there were many examples of having adopted children to succeed the family during the Edo period and it did not matter whether someone was higher rank or lower rank, there were three examples of Imperial Family members being adopted to a Regent family who did not have any successors (Kobetsu regent family).
- 更に父親在世中に父を飛ばして子を皇位に立てる慣例が存在しないために、恒世を即位させるために大伴親王にも皇位継承を認めなければならない事態となったのである。
- Moreover, as there had been no practice where a child would become emperor ahead of his father while the father was alive, it was required to approve Imperial Prince Otomo as the heir to the imperial throne in order to have Tsuneyo ascend the throne.
- その後親王宣下を受けるが、これが昨今の皇位継承問題 (平成)において臣籍に産まれた人物が皇籍についた事が旧皇族復帰を推す勢力に先例として重要視されている。
- Subsequently, he was given the title of Imperial Prince and in the latest issue on deciding the successor of the Imperial Throne in the Heisei period, this has been valued as a precedent by the group supporting the resurrection of the former Imperial Family, as it meant a commoner had entered the Imperial Family.
- 例えば、雄略天皇の子の清寧天皇には後嗣がなく、履中天皇の孫である仁賢天皇・顕宗天皇が王位を継いだとされているが、実際は王位簒奪ではなかったかとの説もある。
- For example, when Emperor Seinei, son of Emperor Yuryaku, didn't have a successor, it is assumed that Emperor Ninken and Emperor Kenzo, grandsons of Emperor Richu, succeeded the Imperial throne, but there is also a theory stating that in fact, it was an usurpation of the Imperial throne.
- また行幸に男装で供奉する「あづまわらは」も幕末の例では胡粉地の28橋の扇を用いているので、近世には女子は横目扇を用いないことが多かったのではないかと思う。
- In addition, girl servants in men's clothes accompanied with imperial visits called 'Azumawarawa' used 28-slate whitewash fans in an instance in the end of Edo Period, indicating that girls in the early-modern times rarely used cross-grained fans.
- 英会話が苦手だという日本人は多いが、英語に由来する外来語(例:グローバルスタンダードなど)は好んで使われ、和製英語という日本独自の「英語」も生まれている。
- Many Japanese people say that they are not good at English, but commonly use words of foreign origin which come from English (e.g. global standard, etc.), and 'English' specific to Japan which is called waseieigo (Japanese word constructed of elements from one or more English terms) was created.
- ゆえに、たとえば一人の杜氏が引退しても、その蔵の味、蔵の個性を守るために、同じ流派、杜氏集団から次の杜氏を迎えることが、伝統的な酒蔵においては通例である。
- Consequently, if one toji retires from a traditional brewery, they generally invite the next toji from the same toji school or group in order to keep their taste and originality.
- 例えば尾上菊五郎系統の尾上梅幸、尾上松緑、中村歌右衛門系統の中村芝翫、中村梅玉、片岡仁左衛門系統の片岡我童、片岡我當、片岡芦燕などは俳名由来の名跡である。
- For example, Baiko ONOE and Shoroku ONOE as a group of Kikugoro ONOE, Shikan NAKAMURA and Baigyoku NAKAMURA as a group of Utaemon NAKAMURA, and Gado KATAOKA, Gato KATAOKA, and Roen KATAOKA as a group of Nizaemon KATAOKA are successions of a family name derived from Haimyo.
- 皇位継承者不在の危機にあたり、臣籍降下した者が即位した例であるが、当時在世中の元良親王らを超越しての即位であり、藤原淑子・基経による擁立劇という側面もある。
- This was an example of a member of the Imperial Family who abdicated and then returned and became the Emperor because there was no one to succeed the enthronement; it is said that the event of Emperor Uda's enthronement could have been set up by FUJIWARA no Yoshiko and Mototsune, although Imperial Prince Motoyoshi was still alive.
- 滋賀県では小動物ではなく婆の妖怪とする例があり、砂ほりばばあ(砂を放る婆の意)といって、ある竹薮の一角に婆が住み着き、そこを通る村人に砂を投げつけたという。
- In Shiga Prefecture, there is an example in which it is believed that not a small animal but a specter of an old woman called Sunahori-babaa (another name for sand-throwing hag) lived at a corner of a bamboo grove and threw sand at people passing by.
- 虚飾性を排し、単純な一枚の布で全ての機能が完結する「潔さ」が、日本人が古来から持つ「美意識」と共通するものがあり、日本の古典的な理想の男子像にも例えられる。
- It can represent 'graciousness' that excludes vanity and completes all the functions with a simple piece of cloth, and it reminds us 'the sense of beauty' that the Japanese have cherished since ancient times, and can even exemplify the classic and ideal image of a man in Japan.
- 宿禰(足尼とも書く)の称号は4世紀から6世紀にかけて、しばしば(王族ではない)有力豪族の名に下接して使われていた(例:野見宿禰・武内宿禰・多加利足尼など)。
- The title Sukune (which was written as '宿禰' or '足尼' in Japanese) was, particularly from the fourth century to the sixth, often added after the name of influential gozoku (local ruling families, who are not related to the royal family) (e.g., NOMI no Sukune, TAKENOUCHI no Sukune, TAKARI no Sukune and so on).
- しかしその直後に義満は後継者不指名のまま急死し、四代将軍となった足利義持や幕府重臣により先例無しとして太上法皇位の追号も取りやめられ、朝貢貿易も停止された。
- However, immediately afterward, Yoshimitsu died suddenly without assigning the successor and the posthumous title of Daijo Hoo and tribute trade were halted by Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA, the fourth shogun and senior vassals of the bakufu, since they were historically unprecedented.
- 12世紀以降、宮城内の天皇在所である内裏を「大内裏」と表記することがあったが、14世紀になると宮城全体を「大内裏」と称するようになり、この用例が一般化した。
- After the 12th century, it often meant a particular Palace where emperor stays within the Imperial Palace as 'Daidairi,' but after the 14th century, the whole Imperial Palace was called 'Daidairi' and the usage of this expression became common.
- 平安時代末期に作られた『朝野群載』の即位詔の例文は、実際のものとほとんど変わらない表現でこのくだりの文章を示しており、定型文の引き写しが行われた証拠となる。
- 'Choya gunsai' (Collected Official and Unofficial Writings) compiled at the end of the Heian period shows a model phrase of this part with almost exactly equal letters to that really used in the imperial edicts to the enthronement, and this can be used as evidence that the model phrase had been handed down by copying the example.
- また近年、典型例を挙げれば日本人が紳士の国イギリスに憧れを抱く如く、世界的ジャポニズムの流れによって「風情」に憧れを抱き日本を好きになる外国人も少なくない。
- Recently, as a typical example, Japanese admire England which is supposed to be a country of gentlemen and likewise, lots of foreigners come to like Japan admiring 'fuzei' with the global trend of Japonism.
- 三種の神器がない状況での即位は後鳥羽天皇が後白河天皇の院宣により即位した先例に従ったものであり、この時代は三種の神器が皇位継承の絶対条件ではなかったのである。
- It was not an absolute condition to have the three sacred emblems of the Imperial Family for Imperial succession at that time, enthronement followed the example of Emperor Gotoba's enthronement after receiving a command from ex-Emperor Goshirakawa, without having the three sacred emblems of the Imperial Family.
- 2004年には兵庫県のUFOビデオ撮影友の会が、六甲山上空に正体不明の布状の飛行物体を撮影した事例があり、その大きさは30メートルもの巨大なものだったという。
- In 2004, a circle of UFO video shot in Hyogo Prefecture showed an unidentified cloth-like flying object over Mt. Rokko, and the object had the amazing size of thirty meters, they said.
- ただし都市化の進展と共に、遊廓の存在が問題になり、郊外などへ移転させられる事例もあった(例:東京大学の近くにあった根津遊郭が深川の洲崎パラダイスに移転、など)
- With the progress of urbanization, however, the existence of Yukaku was acknowledged as a problem and some red-light districts were forced to move to the suburbs, etc. (e.g. Nezu Yukaku near the University of Tokyo was transferred to Susaki Paradise, Fukagawa)
- 皇太后は通常、皇后であった者に対する追号として用いられることはないが、孝明天皇の后であった英照皇太后、明治天皇の后であった昭憲皇太后には例外として用いられる。
- Usually, Kotaigo is not used as a posthumous title for a person who was an empress but, by way of exception, it is used for Empress Dowager Eisho who was the Empress of Emperor Komei and Empress Dowager Shoken who was the Empress of Emperor Meiji.
- なお、臣籍降下に際して、王の身位は当然に除かれるとは言え、名は改めないのが通常であるが、葛城王(橘諸兄)から諸兄、以仁王から以光などのように改める事例もある。
- By the way when Emperors are demoted from nobility to subject, they keep their names although the title of the Emperor cancelled, however there are some cases where they changed their names from the original to another, for example, Prince Kazuraki (TACHIBANA no Moroe) to Moroe, Prince Mochihito to Mochimitsu.
- しかし、7世紀後半の天武天皇の時代、すなわち前述の唐の高宗皇帝の用例の直後とするのが、1998年の飛鳥池遺跡での天皇の文字を記した木簡発見以後の有力説である。
- However, the theory stating that it was adopted in the period of Emperor Tenmu in latter half of 7th century, which was right after the usage of the title by Emperor Gao Zong of Tang mentioned above, has the power, after the mokkan (wood strip), which has the Emperor's handwriting written on, was founded in the Asukaike Ruins in 1998.
- ただし、文化 (元号)10年(1813年)ころの『風俗問答答書』には「草の餅はゝこ草をも用ひ候や」とあり、地方によってはハハコグサを用いる例も少なくなかった。
- However, from the description that 'Hahakogusa is also used for making kusamochi' which appears in 'Fuzokumondo-tosho' (Question and Answer on Cultural Matters) compiled around 1813, it is clear that many districts used hahakogusa as an ingredient.
- これらは冷やし蕎麦に名の元になる具のみを乗せたものではなく、キュウリ、錦糸玉子、カマボコ、ワカメなどの具とともに、主となる具を綺麗に盛り付けるのが慣例である。
- It is customary to serve the above-referenced cold noodles with various toppings such as cucumber, omelet slivers, kamaboko (steamed fish paste) and wakame seaweed in addition to the respective foodstuffs that they are named after that are all arranged attractively.
- 追号は天皇が崩御した後に贈られる称号であり、制度上は必ずしも元号が追号になるわけではない(明治以降は慣例を踏襲しただけであり、旧皇室令等でも規定されていない)。
- A posthumous title is the title given after the demise of the Emperor and gengo (era name) does not necessarily become his posthumous title from an institutional standpoint (after Meiji period the custom was just followed and nothing is prescribed for the posthumous title in Kyu Koshitsu-rei (the Old Imperial Families' Act) and so on).
- 「戦前の日本で天皇の王朝の非常な古さが国家主義的に悪用されたことに強く反発する戦後の歴史家は、日本における天皇制と天皇家の異例な長命さという意義を軽んじてきた。
- 'There were historians during the postwar period who strongly criticized the government for wrongfully using the Imperial family's long duration to promote nationalism during the prewar period, and these historians made light of such a long duration of the Japanese emperor system and the Imperial family.'
- 時代が下がり江戸時代になると皇位継承又は世襲親王家(伏見宮家・桂宮家・有栖川宮家・閑院宮家)相続と無関係の皇族は皆出家する慣例となり、賜姓皇族は現れなくなった。
- By the Edo period, it had become a custom for all the Imperial Families to enter into the priesthood who were not related according to Imperial succession or who were not one of the heredity Imperial Family members (the Fushiminomiya family, the Katsuranomiya family, the Arisugawanomiya family, the Kan innomiya family), there was no Shisei Imperial Family existing.
- すでに皇室の公式行事では洋式の大礼服を着用する事が義務付けられていたが、生涯を通じて洋装を拒んだ幟仁親王だけは特例として明治天皇から束帯での参加を許されていた。
- Although people were required to be in full western dress in official events at the Imperial Court at that time, Emperor Meiji allowed Imperial Prince Takahito, who refused to wear Western-style clothes throughout his life, to attend events in Sokutai (traditional Japanese formal court dress) as an exception.
- ただし、外交文書などではその後も「日本国皇帝」が多く用いられ、国内向けの公文書類でも同様の表記が何点か確認されている(用例については別項「日本国皇帝」を参照)。
- However, in diplomatic documents and so on, 'Nihonkoku Kotei' (Emperor of Japan) was used afterwards, too, and several similar expressions can be found in official domestic documents, also (look at 'Nihonkoku Kotei' for the usage of the expression).
- ただし日本以外でも、丈のある弓が使用された例があるが、ほとんどが単弓で硬く重い為、馬上から用いる事はなく、腕力のある特別に訓練された弓歩兵が、その弓を使用した。
- However, although there were examples in which a long bow was used in places other than in Japan, they were usually simple bows which were hard and heavy, and used by specially disciplined foot soldiers that had power, instead of being used on horseback.
- まず第一に挙げられる例としては、松平頼則が雅楽に着想を得た作風を基本としながらもセリー技法や不確定性など当時の前衛的な技法を取り入れた多数の創作を手がけている。
- As a first example, there is Yoritsune MATSUDAIRA, who had a gagaku-inspired creative style as his foundation while creating many compositions that incorporated avant-garde techniques at the time, such as serialism and indeterminacy.
- ただし完全な円形の丸鞆の実例は伝世品・発掘品ともに奈良時代から近世にいたるまでほとんどなく、この記事については検討が必要である)、鉈尾に取り付けることもあった。
- However, there are almost no surviving perfectly round sashes, which were often affixed to the dabi, from the Nara Period to modern times, and this is true both for art objects which have been loved and handed down and for objects found during archaeological excavations.
- 日本国憲法第2条は皇位は世襲のものである旨規定しているが、その方法については、皇室典範の定めるところによると規定して、例えば皇位継承の性別については触れていない。
- The 2nd Article of the Constitution of Japan prescribes that the Imperial Throne is hereditary but, as for the manner thereof, the same provides that it shall be determined by the Imperial House Act and does not refer to, for example, the gender of the successor.
- しかし、光明皇后が磐之媛の例を先例として皇后に冊立されてから、このような制約はなくなり、むしろ皇族よりも藤原氏のほうが皇后の出身氏族として尊重されるようになった。
- However, since Empress Komyo became empress by imperial investiture, following Iwanohimenomikoto as a precedented example, these became unrestricted and rather, the Fujiwara clan became more respected than the Imperial Family as the origin of the empress' clan.
- ただ、万葉仮名の「共」を逆説の確定条件を示す接続助詞「ども」や「とも」として用いる例はないので、上のいずれの読み方であっても「ともに寝る」という解釈がされている。
- As '共' (Tomo) of Manyogana (early Japanese syllabary composed of Chinese characters used phonetically) has never been used as conjunctions of 'domo' and 'tomo' indicating fixed conditions of paradox, both of the above reading have been interpreted as 'sleep together.'
- 儲君に関しては、江戸時代までは皇室典範のような皇位継承の順序を定めた法律がなく、天皇の意思や朝廷、幕府などの介入により、複数の候補者から選ばれるのが慣例であった。
- Before the Edo period, there was no law that determined the order in line to succession to the Imperial throne such as Imperial House Act, and Chokun, or the Crown Prince, was customarily chosen from among plural candidates, intervened by the will of the Emperor and by the court and bakufu (shogunate).
- そこで、これら地歌、箏曲、胡弓楽、尺八楽の四種の音楽を総称して「三曲」と呼び、他の邦楽種目、例えば長唄や義太夫節、清元、琵琶楽、能楽などと区別するために使われる。
- Therefore, four types of music, jiuta, so-kyoku, kokyu-gaku, and shakuhachi-gaku, are collectively called 'sankyoku', and the word 'sankyoku' has been used to distinguish itself from other traditional Japanese music such as nagauta (long epic song with shamisen accompaniment), gidayu-bushi (musical narrative with shamisen accompaniment), kiyomoto-bushi (musical narrative with shamisen accompaniment), biwa-gaku (biwa music), and nogaku (the art of Noh).
- これらのまりは、非常に弾性が高くてよく弾み、正月の日の遊びとして少女らが地について遊んだ(例えば野球の硬球も中はコルクに糸を巻き付けたものを革で包んだ物である)。
- Since these balls were very elastic and bounced well, girls played by bouncing them on the ground during New Year's Holidays (for example, a hard ball in baseball similarly contains a core of cork wound by threads and covered with leather).
- 地方自治体は主要農作物種子法にもとづき、都道府県の農業試験場等で酒米品種の奨励品種決定のための試験を行い、優良な品種を農業者に対して栽培を奨励するのが通例である。
- Usually, under the Major Agricultural Products Seed Act, the agricultural experiment stations of the municipality and so on carry out tests to determine the recommended varieties of sakamai and recommend excellent varieties to farmers.
- わかりやすい例を出せば、「酒米の王様」と呼ばれる山田錦も、どの土地で、どの土壌で、どの農法で、どの篤農家によって栽培されたかによって、品質はピンからキリまである。
- As an easy-to-understand example, even for Yamada nishiki, which is called the 'king of sakamai,' there are many grades of quality depending on the land, soil and growing method as well as the farmer.
- またそれらを、鎮めるため(和御魂・荒御魂という神霊の2つの様相の変化)に建立した碑や塚や供養塔も日本各地に多数存在し、例としては包丁塚や人形塚や道具塚などがある。
- Also, many monuments, mounds and memorial towers, such as hocho-zuka (mound of kitchen knives), ningyo-zuka (mound of dolls) and dogu-zuka (mound of tools), were constructed at various places in Japan in order to assuage the anger of Tsukumogami.
- 例えば、南極海のヒゲクジラ類については、採餌海域である南極海に回遊してきて間もない時期には痩せて脂肪の乗りが少なく、長期間滞在するうちに脂肪が豊富になるといわれる。
- For example, it is said that the baleen whales in the Antarctic ocean are lean and not fatty, when coming to the ocean to feed themselves, but become gradually fatty during their long stay there.
- 臨時陵墓調査委員会(1935年-1944年)で審議の結果、桓武天皇や安徳天皇など埋葬地以外が陵に治定されている前例を踏まえ、その跡地を整備、陵墓参考地に指定された。
- The site of Keijuin Temple was arranged and designated as a referable mausoleum according to the discussion in the extraordinary investigation committee of the Imperial mausoleums and tombs (1935 – 1944), which followed the examples of designated mausoleums that were not located where the dead were buried, such as those of Emperor Kanmu and Emperor Antoku.
- 珍しい例であるが地方によってはその地方特有に個別の変化をして太鼓台そのものの外観がすっかり変わってしまったところもある(愛媛県西条市の太鼓台(曳き山)が顕著な例)。
- As a rare example, some regions have individually transformed the styles and the appearances of the taikodai into their own regional ones, which are completely different from other standard ones. (a prominent example: the taikodai (hikiyama) in Saijo City, Ehime Prefecture)
- (例 『三絃四重奏曲』(杵屋正邦作曲・長唄、地歌、常磐津、義太夫の各三味線のための曲)、『二種の三絃のためのソナタ』(藤井凡大作曲・地歌および長唄三味線のための曲)
- For example, the term sangen is used in some titles, such as 'Sangen shijuso kyoku' (A sangen quartet), composed by Seiho KINEYA for shamisen as performed in Nagauta (ballads sung to shamisen accompaniment), Jiuta, Tokiwazu (dramatic narrative chants accompanied by shamisen) and Gidayu (a style of chanting with shamisen), and 'Sonata for two types of sangen,' composed by Bondai FUJII for shamisen performed in Jiuta and Nagauta).
- 歌詞の一例は、「一(ひと)ごに二(ふた)ご、三(み)わたし四(よ)めご、五(い)つ来ても六(む)かし、七(なな)んの八(や)くし、九(ここ)のまへで十(とを)よ」。
- One example of the words is 'Hito (one) go ni Futa (two) go, Mi (three) watashi Yo (four) mego, Itsu (five) kitemo, Mu (six) kashi, Nana (seven) n no Ya (eight) kushi, Koko (nine) no maede To (ten) yo.'
- 例えば「呼吸(筋)の力である」「“気”の力である」「実際の呼吸のように自然で無意識的な力の使い方である」「全身の力を統一したものである」など、意見は多岐に分かれる。
- For example, there are various opinions such as 'the power of the breathing (muscles),' 'power of 'qi,'' the 'way of using power in a natural and subconscious way like actual breathing,' and 'unification of the power of the entire body.'
- 料理では、和風と洋風の特徴の両方を程よく取り入れることをいい、代表例としては、和のあんこと洋のパンを取り入れたあんパンやマグロを使用したカルパッチョなどがあげられる。
- In cooking, it means to adopt the characteristics of both Japanese cooking and Western cooking in a dish; typical examples include 'anpan,' which is a type of sweet bread (Western) with azuki bean jam (Japanese), and a dish of Carpaccio using tuna fish.
- 洋菓子の世界ではパティシエがその技術と芸術性を発揮できる分野である一方、和菓子の飴細工は有平細工のような例外を除いて、もっぱら大道芸、伝統工芸の1つと見なされている。
- In the world of western confectionery the technique and artistry are exerted, but on the other hand, amezaiku of Japanese confectionery is regarded as exclusively one of street performance or traditional performing arts, except for something like aruheizaiku.
- その初例は、寛治5年(1091年)に堀河天皇の准母となったてい子内親王であるが、彼女が同時に皇后とされたことから、天皇の妻ではない女性が皇后に立てられる例が開かれた。
- The first example of such is Imperial Princess Teishi who became 'Junbo' for Emperor Horikawa in 1091 but since she became the empress at the same time, women who were not wives of the Emperor started to be represented as empress.
- そのため、慣例で源氏がなるとされていた征夷大将軍に任官されるために、新田氏の末裔となるべく系図を借り受けて「源朝臣」を称するようになったという解釈がされることが多い。
- It is often viewed that, as seii taishogun was appointed from the Minamoto clan by convention, Ieyasu TOKUGAWA borrowed a spot in the family tree so as to be a descendant of the Nitta clan, thereby calling himself 'Minamoto no Ason' so that he could become seii taishogun.
- これは醍醐天皇養母として皇太夫人になった女御藤原温子の例に倣うとしているものの、天皇の同母姉妹で非配偶の后(尊称皇后)は前代未聞であり、廷臣たちの反感を買ったという。
- This (appointing the Princess Teishi (Yasuko) as Emperor Horikawa's Empress) followed the example of Nyogo, FUJIWARA no Onshi (Yoshiko) becoming Kotaibunin (the mother of emperor and empress) as Emperor Godaigo's foster mother, however there was no example in history for an Emperor's real mother or sister becoming the Emperor's Empress, (an honorific title for the Empress) it was said that there were some complaints from the court officials.
- これに対して苦情の電話を入れるとよく「今出ました」と言い訳されるといわれており、このことに例えて物事の遅延に対する安易な応対や言い訳を「そば屋の出前」と称されている。
- It is said that soba restaurants often answer phone calls complaining of late deliveries by saying that 'It has just been sent,' and therefore simplistic excuses for delays are called 'soba-ya no demae.'
- 桜前線は例年、3月下旬に九州南部・四国南部へ上陸し、順次、九州北部・四国北部、瀬戸内海沿岸・関東地方、北陸地方、東北地方と北上し、5月上旬に北海道に至る形で描かれる。
- This line graph shows that Cherry Blossom Front lands the southern Kyushu and Shikoku areas in late March, subsequently moving northward in ascending order of latitude values of locations starting from the northern Kyushu and Shikoku areas, the Seto Inland Sea coast, the Kanto region, the Hokuriku region, the Tohoku region and finally reaching Hokkaido in early May annually.
- 中国製については、中国から寒根葛(葛)の根を輸入し国内で製造した物を国産本葛と表示している例や、国産本葛と中国産葛を混ぜ合わせて国産本葛としている例が多々見受けられる。
- Regarding the Chinese products, there are many cases to call them Japanese hon-kuzu, which are made of jikkon-kudzu (kudzu plant) imported from China and processed in Japan, or Japanese powder mixed with Chinese one.
- 最近の鯨体の食用利用としては、前述の鯨油マーガリンを除けば、ノルウェーなどが生産した鯨肉エキスを牛肉エキスの代用としてコンソメ原料などに使用していた例がある程度である。
- In recent years, except the case of margarine above, there are not so many examples about the use of whale bodies as food but there is a case that whale extract which produced in Norway was used as substitute for beef extract as ingredient of consomme (a clear soup).
- 江戸時代の浄瑠璃の一節や柳樽(やなぎだると読み、柳多留とも表記する)という雑俳(巷から集めた俳句)の書籍のなかに「祭り」を男女の性行為の例えとして用いている表現がある。
- There was expressions likening a sexual activity between a man and woman to 'matsuri' in a phrase of Joruri (dramatic narrative chanted to a shamisen accompaniment) and in a book of zappai (playful literature originating from haiku [a Japanese poem in seventeen syllables having a 5-7-5 syllabic form and traditionally containing a reference to the seasons]) (haiku collected in the streets) called yanagidaru (box-shaped, lacquered liquor cask) (written as 柳樽 and also as 柳多留 in Chinese characters) in the Edo period.
- 室町時代の初期の文献によると、上皇は小直衣も狩衣も随時着用することができたが、摂家以下はそれぞれ任大臣・任大将後小直衣を着用し始めると、原則として狩衣は着ない例であった。
- According to writings dating from the early Muromachi period, retired emperors were able to wear konoshi and kariginu at will, but it was generally the case that those ranking below sekke would no longer wear kariginu after they began wearing konoshi following their appointment to the status of daijin or taisho.
- また皇位は基本的に万世一系であるとされており、皇位簒奪の具体例として挙げられているものは、未遂、あるいは本当に皇位簒奪かどうかは学者の間でも議論が分かれているものとなる。
- Also, basically, the Imperial Throne is said to be an unbroken imperial line and there is a controversy among scholars over whether specific examples of usurpation of the imperial throne were attempts or in fact, usurpation of the imperial throne.
- また、アングロ・サクソン人アングロ・サクソン諸国のハロウィーンなどのように、世界宗教以前の信仰に基づくものや、世界宗教が伝来した各地で習合した形で伝わっている事例もある。
- In addition, like Halloween held by Anglo-Saxons in Anglo-Saxon countries, there are some festivals which are based on a belief before the world religion, or which are passed down in the form of syncretization in each place where the world religion was introduced.
- 例えば、漫画においていつもより速いペースで作業を行う人間に対し別の人間がその理由を質問したところ、答えが「ページの都合」だった……という場合にこれを「楽屋オチ」と称する。
- For example, in manga, one of the characters is doing something quicker than usual and, when asked by some other character the reason why, he or she answers that it is to save the page; this is also called 'gakuya ochi.'
- 一方、日本酒吟醸酒の誕生が日本国外の市場でブームに火がついたためにひいては総生産量が増えた事例を参考として、新しい日本酒として輸出することに販路を見込んでいる醸造元もある。
- In contrast, with the help of examples that the introduction of ginjoshu (high-quality sake brewed at low temperature from rice grains milled to 60 percent weight or less) to the market outside Japan created a boom which led to the increase in the total production, some sake brewers seek export markets with this type of sake as a new product.
- それまで、座付の狂言作者の脚本しか上演されなかった(明治32年に松井松翁作の『悪源太』が上演されたのを例外として)閉鎖的な歌舞伎界に近代の風を通す大きな穴を開けたのである。
- He opened a large hole to let modern air into the closed world of Kabuki where only scripts written by Kabuki playwrights working in the theater had been performed so far (except for the performance in 1899 of 'Akugenta' written by Shoo MATSUI).
- 他に例を求めると、2008年に日本で行われた第34回主要国首脳会議の会場が北海道の洞爺湖畔となったのも、周囲から隔絶されていたことで警備がしやすかったのが最大の理由である。
- For another example, the biggest reason that the Lake Toya area in Hokkaido has been selected as the venue for the 34th summit held in Japan in 2008 was also easier to guard since the area is isolated from the surroundings.
- なお、第38代天智天皇、第40代天武天皇、第42代文武天皇など女性天皇の子が即位した例もあるが、その子の父親すなわち女性天皇の夫もまた天皇・皇太子である(下掲系図を参照)。
- There are some cases such as the thirty-eighth Emperor Tenji, the fortieth Emperor Tenmu, or the forty-second Emperor Monmu who was the child of a Female Emperor and succeeded the throne; their father (the husband of the Female Emperor) was also Emperor or Prince (Refer to Family Tree below).
- 一方、桜井をはじめとする民俗学者の多くは、葬式に赤飯を炊いていたと思われる民俗事例や晴れ着を着て喪に服した民俗事例などを念頭に、「非日常」という点で葬式もハレだとしている。
- On the other hand, many folklorists including Sakurai define funerals as hare, based on the point that they are 'non-ordinary,' keeping in mind the folk examples that haregi were worn in mourning and sekihan wsa possibly served at funerals.
- 料理例は、鶏肉に小麦粉や片栗粉などを薄くまぶして油で揚げたもの、ワカサギやカレイ、タカサゴ(グルクン)などの白身魚、テナガエビやサクラエビなど小型のエビを利用した物がある。
- Examples of food prepared this way include fried chicken with a thin coating of batter made from flour or katakuriko (potato starch), fried fish using white meat fish, such as lake smelt, righteye flounder and double-lined fusiliers (gurukun), and fried shrimp using smaller prawns such as tenagaebi (oriental river prawn) and sakuraebi (a small pink shrimp).
- また現在そのままの名称で伝わっている例も多くあり、良移心頭流、関口新心流、堤宝山流、竹内流、竹内御家流、竹内判官流、神道揚心流、双水執流などの流派が諸外国で伝承されている。
- And there also exist many jujutsu schools that are handed down in foreign countries with their original names unchanged, such as Ryoi Shinto-ryu, Sekiguchi Shin Shin-ryu, Tsutsumi Hozan-ryu, Takeuchi-ryu, Takeuchi Oie-ryu, Takeuchi Hangan-ryu, Shinto Yoshin-ryu and Sosuishi-ryu.
- 地方公共団体は、条例を定めて、重要文化財などの国が指定する文化財以外の文化財でその地方公共団体の区域内に存するもののうち重要なものを指定することができる(第182条第2項)。
- The local public entities may, by establishing regulations, designate important products that exist within the districts of the local entities, which are other than those products such as important cultural properties designated by the national government (Item 2, Article 182).
- 当時の幕府の法令は、今でいえば日本全国を対象とする法律であって、それに対し今の地方自治体が定める条例のように、江戸時代にも特定の藩や地域だけに認められた法度もたくさんあった。
- While the decrees of the bakufu at the time were today's national laws in Japan, there were many Hatto (law, ban) locally effective only in certain domains and regions in the Edo period as there are Jorei (ordinance) set forth by local governments today.
- そのため、アマチュアでありながらネット上で多数のファンを獲得し、その実力を買われてゲーム原画師や漫画家、イラストレーターとして採用される、逆転現象といえる事例も多く発生した。
- Consequently, there have been many cases of a so-called opposite phenomenon whereby some amateurs are appreciated and engaged as video game lead animators, cartoonists, or as illustrators, according to the reality that they have obtained a large number of fans through websites.
- 常に相手を思っている状態のことを表したことわざで、アワビはアサリやシジミのように二枚貝ではないため、ピッタリの貝が無く、相手を常に思う状態であるということに例えた言葉である。
- This proverb represents the situation in which one person always thinks of another, based on the assumption that awabi, unlike bivalves such as asari and corbicula clams, have no matching shell and always long for a partner.
- しかし南朝方の入京にあたって神器帰還の儀式は行われたものの正式な譲位の儀式は行われず、後亀山天皇への処遇は「天皇として即位はしていないが特例として上皇待遇」というものであった。
- Although there was an official ceremony to return holy durables to Nancho (the Southern Court), there was no enthronement ceremony and Emperor GO-KAMEYAMA was treated as 'a special retired Emperor not officially enthroned.'
- 複雑な作品を折る場合には、金属箔を利用したホイル紙や、薄い和紙(破れにくい)の裏に金属箔(例えばアルミホイル。形が崩れにくくなる)を裏打ちした自作の用紙が用いられることが多い。
- When intricate models are made, foil paper made of metal leaf or home-made paper made by lining (untearable) thin washi (Japanese paper) with metal leaf (for example, aluminum foil to avoid losing shape) is used.
- 現代では伝統工芸と西洋文化の融合が図られる事例もあり、アメリカ合衆国のスポーツブランドナイキはスポーツ・シューズのストリングの紐に伝統的な平打ちの組み紐の「三分紐」を採用した。
- At present, there is a case of fusion between traditional industrial arts and Western culture, and U.S. sports brand Nike adopted 'Sanbu-himo braid' as strings of its sports shoes.
- このときは、有力候補がおらず、廃太子となった恒貞親王や嵯峨の子である源融らが候補となったが、最終的には称徳崩御時の先例をとって、仁明の子で年配の光孝天皇が即位して皇位を継いだ。
- At this time there wasn't an appropriate successor and Imperia Prince Tsunesada, who had previously lost his position as Crown Prince, and Emperor Saga's child, MINAMOTO no Toru, were both appointed as successors, finally it was decided in favor of Emperor Ninmyo's child, Emperor Koko who was rather old to become a successor, became Emperor after following the example of when Emperor Shoko died.
- 生まれて初めて富士山を祀る神社に参拝する行事で、山開きの日(多くは6月1日)の例祭に、初山団扇と呼ばれる団扇を購入して親類縁者に配り、子供の成長の御礼と報告を兼ねる場合が多い。
- In an event that a child visits the shrine where Mt. Fuji is enshrined for the first time, his or her parents buy Uchiwa fan called Hatsuyama Uchiwa in the annual festival held on the opening day of a mountain to climbers (usually June 1), distributing it to relatives for expressing their appreciation and telling relatives about their child's growth.
- 義経に再度敗れた後、平知盛が戦乱を「潮(うしお)にて水に渇(かっ)せしは、これ餓鬼道。・・・」と六道に例えて述べるくだりは、仏教思想の影響の強い平家物語色を感じられる場面である。
- After being defeated by Yoshitsune, the scene where TAIRA no Tomomori describes the battle by comparing Rokudo (six posthumous worlds) as 'being thirsty and wanting water in the ocean is exactly what Gakido (the Buddhist hell of starvation) is' clearly shows the nature of the Heike Monogatari (The tale of the Heike) which is featured by the strong influence by Buddhist thought.
- そのルールも曖昧な点が多く、例えば共お手つき(相手と手が接触し、自らの意思に拠らず不可抗力でお手つきが発生すること)などの解釈は人によって違うどころか、知らない競技者も存在する。
- The rule contains many unclear points, for example, tomo otetsuki (unavoidable otetsuki that caused by touching opponent hand) is interpreted differently depending on players, or even some players do not know the rule.
- この一連の経緯がその後の定例となり、皇后には皇后宮職、皇太后には皇太后宮職、太皇太后には太皇太后宮職、皇太夫人には中宮職がそれぞれ個別に設置されて奉仕に当たる体制ができあがった。
- These events became precedents, and Kogogushiki, Kotaigo gushiki, Taikotaigogushiki (Imperial Household Agency assigned to the household of Grand Empress Dowager), and Chugushiki were established to serve Empress, Empress Dowager, Grand Empress Dowager, and Kotaifujin respectively.
- 例えば千葉県松戸市の戸定歴史館に展示されている徳川家関連の文書では「日本国皇帝」の国内向け使用例(1903年徳川家達への貴族院 (日本)議長の任命辞令等)を確認することができる。
- For example, in Tokugawa family-related documents exhibited in Tojo History Museum in Matsudo City, Chiba Prefecture, usage examples of the title 'Nihonkoku Kotei' for domestic communication (e.g. the letter of appointment of Iesato TOKUGAWA to Chairman of the House of Peers in 1903) can be seen.
- 惟康親王は一旦臣籍に下がった後の親王宣下、忠房親王は臣籍で誕生しながら親王に宣下されており、先例を重視するならば旧皇族およびその男系子孫の皇籍復帰は決して不可能ではないと言える。
- Given that Imperial Prince Koreyasu received the title of Imperial Prince even after having been demoted to the rank of commoner and Imperial Prince Tadafusa was made an Imperial Prince by Imperial decree despite having been born a commoner, it is not impossible for male former members of the Imperial Family to return to the Imperial Family if precedent is adhered to.
- また例えば地歌のある曲でも、流派によって違う箏の手、胡弓の手、尺八の手がつけられていることが多く、それもユニゾンに近いものから多音的なものまで、流派によっても傾向が異なっている。
- Even when one and the same jiuta is sung, its accompaniment melody of koto, kokyu and shakuhachi often varies from school to school, and the performance style varies from school to school, ranging from a unison-like ensemble to polyphonic one.
- これはきわめて精緻に作られた合奏音楽と言え、雅楽の管絃やガムランなどと共に、西洋音楽のポリフォニー(多音性)とは異なるヘテロフォニー(異音性)の端的な例として挙げることができる。
- This sankyoku gasso can be called a very scrupulously made ensemble, and along with other music, such as the wind and string music of Gagaku (ancient Japanese court music), or Gamelan (Indonesian music), it's typical heterophony, being different from the polyphony of Western music.
- 例えば近代以降のクラシック音楽ならば「個人的な解釈の違い」となるべきところを、集団で、伝統としてある程度、固定化して引継いでゆくところに流儀というものの特異性があるといっていい。
- Ryugi is unique in that the differences from other schools are fixed to some degree and handed down as traditions within the group, while, for example, in western classical music of modern age and thereafter, differences in interpretation of music are considered to be only 'personal'.
- それを機に、囃子演奏スタイルが変わった保存会、講・連(大阪市平野区の杭全神社で「へたり」での奉納をする平野地車囃子保存会が典型例)があらわれるなど、画期的な地車囃子の奉納であった。
- It was a landmark dedication for danjiri-bayashi; based on this, preservation societies and forums called Ko and Ren emerged which changed the performance styles of hayashi (the typical example is Hirano Danjiri-bayashi hozonkai [Preservation Association of music performed in festivals of Hirano] which dedicates their hayashi in the style of 'hetari' at Kumata-jinja Shrine in Hirano Ward, Osaka City).
- 一般に黒川能と呼ばれるのは、山形県櫛引町大字黒川の春日神社の「王祗祭」で演じられる能のことを指すが、他にも3月23日の祈年祭、5月8日の例祭、11月23日の新穀感謝祭でも舞われる。
- Kurokawa-Noh, as it is called in general, refers to the Noh performed at 'Ogi-sai' (Ogi festival) at Kasuga-jinja Shrine in Oaza Kurokawa, Kushibiki-machi, Yamagata Prefecture, but it is also performed at Kinen-sai (a festival for bountiful harvests) of March 23, Rei-sai (an annual festival for the shrine) of May 8, and Shinkoku-kansha-sai (a festival for the harvest of the year) of November 23.
- 平成以降は一般家庭での正月の遊びとしては廃れ気味となったが、パソコンやウェブ上で遊ぶ福笑いソフトなどが登場したほか、自治体などが執り行う新春行事としては変わらず恒例のものといえる。
- From approximately the start of the Heisei period, the game has fallen out of favor as a game played by families on New Year's day; however, Fukuwarai computer games and web-based versions have appeared, and local governments and the like continue to include the game in festivities celebrating the New Year.
- 例えば、一部には、本来その地域とのゆかりが薄い料理であるにも拘らず、地元商工会議所・商工会や行政がマスコミ等とのタイアップで、強引に「郷土料理」「名物料理」に仕立てたケースもある。
- For example, some dishes are forcibly made out to be 'local dishes' or 'specialties' by a tie-up of local chamber of commerce and industry, a local commerce and industry association, a local government, the media etc, although these dishes originally have little relation to their local communities.
- ただし、例えば土佐では皮を残さず切り落とすなど、地方によって異なり、切腹人があえて首を切断することを希望する場合もあり、必ずしも「抱き首」にしなければならないということはなかった。
- However, there were difference among different areas, such as the practice of completely severing the head in Tosa as well as instances in which the seppukunin wished that his head be completely severed, so it was not the case that 'daki-kubi' absolutely had to be carried out.
- 日本のランチプレートを使う給食で問題と成った犬食いでは、麺類(例えばソフト麺)が先割れスプーンしかないため食べ難く、必然的に料理に鼻先を突っ込まざるを得ないという問題も持ち上がった。
- Although Inugui became a problem at school lunch where lunch plates were used, and another problem that students had difficulty in eating noodles (e.g. soft type noodles) with using spork only they had, and they were forced to put their noses into the meal arose.
- 庚寅詔諸國曰 自今以後 制諸漁獵者 莫造檻阱 及施機槍等類 亦四月朔以後 九月三十日以前 莫置比滿沙伎理梁 且莫食牛 馬 犬 猿 雞之肉 以外不在禁例 若有犯者罪之 - 『日本書紀』
- On May 19, 675 the Emperor Tenmu enacted a new law prohibiting a meat diet; conserving alevin was required and eating, beef, horse meat, dog meat, meat of Japanese monkey, and chicken was banned from May 3 to October 27.
- それは「土木之壮麗、荘厳之華美、天下第一之仏閣也」(『明月記』嘉禄2年6月5日条)、「今度事、華麗過差、已超先例」(『玉葉』承安3年11月21日条)といわれるほど大規模なものだった。
- It was the Buddhist temple on a huge scale described as follows; 'the wooden building was magnificent, it had a solemn and beautiful atmosphere, it was the best Buddhist temple in the world.' 'Meigetsuki' (FUJIWARA no Teika's diary in Chinese writing style) (an article on June 5, Karoku 2), also mentioned; 'This Buddhist temple was too beautiful and solemn, there was no other temple like this throughout history.' 'Gyokuyo' (Diary of Kanezane KUJO) an article on November 21, Shoan 3.
- 例えば日向国では、焼酎を入れた、日向燗徳利(ひゅうがちろり)と呼ばれる、素焼きで作られた酒器やスズで作られた酒器を、囲炉裏(いろり)にさして燗を行った上で、焼酎を飲んでいたのである。
- For example in Hyuga Province, people used to enjoy warmed shochu by placing a vessel unglazed or made of tin called 'Hyuga chirori' into irori fireplace (open hearth).
- 『金枝篇』に載せられている例でいえばヨーロッパのキリスト教以前の色を濃く留めている風習の一つで、収穫した穀物を使い人形状のパンまたはクッキー(人体の象徴)を作り、分割する祭礼がある。
- According to an example stated in 'Kinshihen,' there was a festival of making human-shaped bread or cookie (symbol of human body) using harvested cereals, and of dividing it, as one of very religious European customs before the Christianity.
- 現在は、酒蔵が酒米を作る篤農家と契約栽培を結ぶときには、酒米の質を落とさないために、できた米1俵単位で契約するものではなく、はじめに田の面積1反あたりいくらで契約するのが通例である。
- Currently, when a brewery makes an arrangement with a farmer who produces sakamai, they don't contract on the unit of a bag of rice but usually on the basis of the area of the rice field with the unit of one tan in order not to degrade the quality of rice.
- 保有の方法には町並み保存地区を指定する、国の重要伝統的建造物群保存地区によるもの、県や市の景観条例などによるものがあるほか、町並み保存会を結成してや町並み保存運動を展開するなどがある。
- Townscape preservation can be done by several ways, for example, by designating townscape preservation districts, by following the regulations on preservation districts for groups of important national historical buildings, by following prefectural and city landscape ordinances, and by forming townscape preservation movements by setting up townscape conservation societies.
- 即位前の名は大海人皇子(おおあまのみこ、おほしあまのみこ、おおさまのみこ)といい、幼少期に養育を受けた凡海氏(海部一族の伴造)にちなむもので当時では養育者より幼名をとるのは慣例だった。
- His childhood name, the Prince Oama (Ohoshiama, Osama), which he used until he ascended the throne, was related to the Oshiama clan (they worked as the chiefs of various departments at the Imperial Court for the Amabe clan) that took care of him when he was a child, and it was the custom of that time to take one's childhood name from someone who brought one up.
- しかし、表面的に大きく変化していても、その中に一貫する極めて日本的な要素や傾向を指摘できる面もある(例:住居が和風の座敷から洋間に変わっても、室内に靴を脱いで上がる点では変わらない)。
- However, even though it changed drastically on a superficial level, the Japanese traditional culture has an aspect of being able to point out very Japanese coherent elements and trends (e.g. even if rooms in the house changed from zashiki (Japanese style tatami room) to a Western-style room, the custom of taking off shoes when entering a house is not changed).
- 確実な記録としては、『天王寺屋茶会記』の永禄7年(1564)8月20日の津田宗達の茶会で用いられたのが初例であり、他の木製の茶器(薄茶器参照)よりも随分と下っていることが判明している。
- One reliable record was the one found in 'Record of the Tea Ceremony at Tennojiya,' that recorded a chakai (tea party) held by Sotatsu TSUDA in October 5, 1564, and it is known that this was the first time a natsume was used as a tea utensil, much later than other wooden cha-ki (See the item for usucha-ki.)
- 従来の荒唐無稽な歌舞伎脚本やうわべだけの近代化に終わった活歴物と違う、新しい歌舞伎劇を目指すべく、1893年(明治26年)論文『我が邦の史劇』を発表、その実践例としてこの作品を創作した。
- Aiming at creating a new kabuki drama unlike traditional unrealistic scripts or historical drama modernized only on the surface, he published a paper titled 'Wagakuni no Shigeki (Japan's historical drama)' in 1893 and put his theory into practice by creating this work.
- 日本では古く奈良時代・平安時代に、当代の生母というだけで皇太后若しくは皇太夫人の尊号を奉られることもあったが、江戸時代初期以来その例はなく、先代の嫡妻をもって太后とするのが慣例になった。
- In Japan, even though in the Nara and Heian periods, there were cases where an honorary title of Kotaigo or Kotaifujin (title for previous retired emperors' wife) were dedicated only because the person was the real mother of the Emperor of the time, there is no such example since the early stage of Edo period and it has become a practice that the lawful wife of the former Emperor is named the Taigo.
- 明治になって再び朝廷に政権が返った事により、江戸幕府の大奥や西洋の宮廷の例のように皇后やその周辺の側近が国政に関与する可能性も存在したが、彼女は自らを律して国政に直接関与する事を戒めた。
- Due to the return of political power to the court during Meiji Period, there was a possibility that the empress along with advisers close to the empress could take part in the national government, like the O-oku in the Edo Bakufu or the Imperial Court in Western countries, but the Empress disciplined herself and prohibited themselves from taking part in the national government.
- また、伝統などの違いにより例外もあるが、多くの祭りにおいては工夫を凝らした美しい衣装や化粧、厚化粧を施して稚児、巫女、手古舞、踊り子、祭囃子、行列等により氏子が祭礼に参加することも多い。
- In many matsuri, although there are exceptions due to a difference of tradition, shrine parishioners often participate in the rites and festivals by putting on an artful and beautiful costume, and makeup or heavy makeup, as chigo (beautifully dressed children parading at festivals), miko (a shrine maiden), performers of tekomai (float leading dance), dancers, performers of festival music, participants in the parade and so on.
- 王に対しては「王太后(英語Queen Dowager)」という言葉が相当するが、独立国の元首をすべて皇帝と称してきたかつての儀典上の慣例から日本語としては熟しておらず、皇太后が準用される。
- For an O (king), there applies a word 'Otaigo (in English, Queen Dowager)' but from an old custom of protocol to refer to all heads of the state as Emperors, this word has not ripened as a Japanese and Kotaigo is applied.
- 男子後継者候補がまったくいなかったとすると、飯豊王の執政は問題の一時先送りにしかならず、後世の女性天皇と比べてもまったく類例のないことになる(それゆえ『日本書紀』を正しいとする説もある)。
- If there was no successor of a son, the administration by Iitoyo no himemiko is a mere postponement of the problem and comparing with later Empress she was totally exceptional (thus, some theory think 'Nihonshoki' was correct).
- 具体的には、皇玄孫までを皇族としその子孫は臣籍に下すこと、ただし宮家を継承する長男のみは例外とするが、これも皇玄孫のさらに4世(玄孫)までを皇族としそれ以降の世代は臣籍に下すことになった。
- Great-great grand children of the Imperial Family would still be called members of the Imperial Family, other descendants were to be demoted from nobility to subject, except for the eldest son who will succeed to the Miyake, and in this case four generations after a great-great grandchild of the Imperial Family, would still be called members of the Imperial Family, after that, the descendants were to be demoted from nobility to subject.
- この一件は『平家物語』では悲劇とされるが、冷泉隆房の歌集『艶詞』によるともともと高倉の寵愛を受けていたはずであった小督がその後も隆房と密通を重ねており、当時の宮中の風紀の乱れの一例である。
- This incident was written as a tragedy in 'The Tale of Heike,' but according to the anthology of waka poems by Takafusa REIZEI 'Tsuyakotoba,' Kogo was still seeing Takafusa although she was loved by the Emperor, it shows there was no strict morality within the Imperial Palace in those days.
- - いい印象、好ましいイメージ、目指したい姿像を表す言葉・概念「カワイイ」が、2005年頃、海外に広がりを見せる(他の国の例では、たとえばアメリカの同様の言葉・概念に「cool」がある)。
- The term or concept 'Kawaii' indicating a good impression, preferably an image or posture aimed at expanding to other countries in around 2005 (as an example in other countries, 'cool' has the same meaning or concept in the United States of America).
- 例えば、成長の早い魚類では、生まれた当年の魚、2年目の魚、3年目の魚…が、同じ時期に漁獲されると、それぞれ体の大きさが一回り以上異なるので、それらをはっきりと大きさで区別できることがある。
- Rapidly growing fishes of the same kind that differ in age can be easily distinguished from one another by size when they're caught, because the size may more than double within a year.
- 上皇になると殿上人を整理(旧来は天皇在位中の殿上人はそのまま院の殿上人となる慣例であった)して院政機構の改革を行うなどの積極的な政策を採って、台頭する鎌倉幕府に対しても強硬的な路線を採った。
- Once he became the retired emperor, he made an active effort to become a (high-ranking) courtier allowed into the Imperial Palace, as a court noble (traditionally, people who served an emperor would stay with him after his reign) in order to reform the system of the cloister government; he was ready to take forceful action against the Kamakura government, which had started to behave conspicuously.
- 平安時代には、舞曲は近衛の官人が仕えるのを例として、細纓冠緌にサクラを冠の右側に挿し、袍は小忌衣、太刀を帯びた舞人6人ないし10人、歌人4人(笏拍子、狛笛・篳篥・和琴それそれ1人)で奏した。
- During the Heian period, Azuma-asobi was performed by six or ten dancers who followed the style of the Imperial Guard's soldiers and wore Saiei no Kanmuri (crown with two rounded strings on the top) with a spray of cherry blossoms on the right top of the crown, Omigoromo (ceremonial jacket used for the Shinto rites at the Imperial Court), and swords and four music players (one performer each of shaku-hyoshi [wood clappers], a flute, a hichiriki, and a wagon).
- 例えば幕末に捕鯨地の長崎県を訪れたフィリップ・フランツ・フォン・シーボルトも、しばしば鯨料理が供されたことについての記録を残しており、中には「鯨ひげのサラダ」などの特異な献立も記されている。
- For example, at the end of Edo Period, Philipp Franz von Siebold visited Nagasaki Prefecture, where a whaling base existed and recorded that he was often served whale-based dishes, in particular a unique menu of 'whalebone salad.'
- 現在でも、法令上は元号とグレゴリオ暦と共に神武天皇即位紀元が使用されており、例えば閏年の置き方はグレゴリオ暦ではなく神武天皇即位紀元を元に決められている(明治31年5月10日勅令第90号)。
- Even now, Jinmu Tenno Sokui Kigen is legally used together with gengo and the Gregorian calendar and, for example, the style of placing intercalary years is determined based not on the Gregorian calendar but on Jinmu Tenno Sokui Kigen (Imperial Edict No. 90 issued on May 10, 1898).
- 前者の例として、昭和41年(1966年)の歌会始において三笠宮崇仁親王の子である近衛やす子(1944年生)が、彼女よりも出生順では後の寬仁親王(1946年生)の後の席次となっている例がある。
- As an example of the former, at the first poetry reading party of the New Year at the Imperial Palace in 1966, the seating order of the daughter of Mikasanomiya Imperial Prince Takahito, Yasuko KONOE (born 1944), came after Imperial Prince Tomohito's (born 1946).
- 鎌倉時代以降、親王宣下の制度により、本来その資格のない2世王以下の皇族が天皇・太上天皇の養子・猶子となって親王の称号を世襲する例が散見されるようになり、これを後世「世襲親王家」と呼んでいる。
- After the Kamakura period, due to the regulations governing the titles of Princes by Imperial Order, it was often seen for a member of the Imperial family, who was in his second generation or earlier, and not entitled to the throne, to became an adopted son of an Emperor or retired Emperor and then succeed to the throne, this example was called 'Seshu Shinnoke' (the Hereditary Imperial family) in future generations.
- 例えば『呂氏春秋』仲冬紀に載せる「弘演納肝」の故事では、忠臣であった弘演は、自分の腹を切って内臓を出し、自分の体内に惨殺された自分の主君の肝臓を入れて絶命し、人々からその忠勇をたたえられた。
- In the 'Hongyan Nagan' story of 'Lushi Chunqiu' (The Annals of Lu Buwei), the bravery and loyalty of the retainer Hongyan who ended his life by cutting his own abdomen, removing his internal organs and inserting the liver of his master who had been brutally murdered is praised by many.
- 君主を含む権力者が、世襲その他のあらかじめ決められている地位継承の規定や慣例によらず、有能であるなどの理由で、その地位にふさわしいと考える者に自分の地位を譲ることは、譲位ではなく、禅譲と言う。
- The transfer of a position from a powerful person, including a monarch, to another person who he considers is appropriate for the position because he is capable, regardless of heredity or predetermined regulations or customs of succession of a position, is not an abdication of the throne, but jozen (peaceful transfer of power).
- 一度臣籍に下った者が皇位につくのは、日本の皇位継承史の中でも極めて異例であるが天皇の子の身分の決定は天皇の専権事項である(臣籍に降ろした実子を皇族に戻す事も許される)として押し切ったのである。
- It was an unusual example of Japanese Imperial succession for an Imperial member who had been demoted from nobility to subject, to come back and succeed the throne, it was forced to decision because the Emperor had the absolute right to chose the rank of the Emperor's children.
- 下記2例以外にも、臣籍にあった北白川宮能久親王庶子2名が、明治30年(1897年)7月1日に華族に列している(二荒芳之伯爵と上野正雄伯爵)が、当初から臣籍にあったので「臣籍降下」には当らない。
- Except for following two examples, two illegitimate children of Kitashirakawanomiya Imperial Prince Yoshihisa, who were common subjects, became nobility on July 1, 1897, (Count Yoshiyuki FUTARA and Count Masao UENO) however, this was not considered as a demotion from nobility to subject, since their rank had been subject.
- ちなみに、賀茂臨時祭・石清水臨時祭の奉納舞に選ばれた舞手は必ず瑪瑙の石帯を使うのが慣例であって、本来瑪瑙の帯を使うのは少将だが(臨時祭勅使は中・少将から選ばれる)この時だけは犀角の帯をつける。
- It is customary that dancers selected for the Hono-mai (a Shinto dance for dedication) in the Kamo no rinjisai (Kamo Special Festival) and Iwashimizu-rinji-matsuri (Iwashimizu Special Festival) always use sekitai with agate, and although only shosho usually use an agate sash (an imperial envoy for special festivals was selected from among chujo and shosho), they are permitted to put on a rhinoceros horn sash on this occasion.
- 祭礼などの場に地元の酒が四斗樽で運ばれて皆で自由に飲むか、比較的に裕福な階層が自前の徳利などを携えて酒屋へ行き、酒屋は店頭に並べた菰(こも)かぶりの酒樽から枡で量り売りをするのが通例であった。
- People usually drank local sake freely in the situations like festivals from yontodaru (a barrel of about 72 liters), or comparatively rich people went to sake shops with their own sake bottles and bought sake by masu (measure) from a sake cask wrapped in a rush mat.
- 文語体:例は威勢よき黒ぬり車の、それ門に音が止まつた娘ではないかと両親に出迎はれつる物を、今宵は辻より飛びのりの車さへ帰して悄然と格子戸の外に立てば、(樋口一葉『十三夜』1895年)岩波文庫から
- Literal style: When a black colored car stopped at the gate, her parents, thinking that their daughter had come back, always greeted her, but tonight she left the car which she had picked up on the street and stood with a heavy heart in front of the lattice door ('Jyusanya' by HIGUCH Iichiyo, 1895, from Iwanami Bunko)
- しかし承久の乱以後、実際の皇位継承に関しては鎌倉幕府の承認が必要な慣例となっており、仁治3年(1242年)四条天皇の崩御に際し、幕府は有力候補であった岩倉宮忠成王の即位を覆し後嵯峨を即位させた。
- After the Jokyu War, however, approval of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was required for the effective succession of the imperial throne; in fact, because of the demise of Emperor Shijo in 1242, the Kamakura bakufu rejected Prince Iwakuranomiya Tadanari, a promising successor, and instead made Gosaga take over the imperial throne.
- 一説には平安中期以降、服制が曖昧になり、衣冠や直衣を束帯の代用とした「衣冠の束帯」「直衣の束帯」という例があり、前者の語から接助詞の「の」が省かれて誤用され、定着してしまった結果であるとされる。
- One theory says that uniforms became lax in and after the mid Heian period and there were examples of 'ikan no sokutai' and 'noshi no sokutai' where ikan or noshi was used as an alternative of sokutai, and the particle 'no' was omitted from the former phrase, which was misused and then became established.
- 鎌倉時代以後の例では、狩衣より略装とみなされ、狩衣着用のときは、改まったときは指貫を下括(足首で裾口を縛る)とし略儀では上括(すねで縛る)としたのに対し、小直衣ではもっぱら上括とするものとされた。
- After the Kamakura period, konoshi were considered more informal than kariginu; however, in contrast to kariginu, which were worn with the sashinuki (a type of hakama meant to be worn with blousing over the leg and exposing the foot) fastened in the 'gegukuri' style (hem tied at the ankle) on formal occasions and in the 'shokukuri' style (hem tied at the shin) on informal occasions, konoshi were always worn in the 'shokukuri' style.
- 皇族の子孫は数代経た後に皇籍から離脱するのが律令以来の通例であったが、中世以後、伏見宮や閑院宮の様に皇統維持のために、何代経ても親王位につくことのできる家系(世襲親王家)を創出していったのである。
- Although there was a custom for the descants of the Imperial Family to make demotion from nobility to subject from the government based on the ritsuryo legal codes, after the Medieval Period, the Imperial Family line (the hereditary Imperial Family) was established, such as Fushiminomiya and Kaninnomiya for the Imperial succession, in order for them to succeed to the throne after many generations.
- 一方、こうしたジェンダーフリーの立場からの鯉のぼり批判は、石原慎太郎東京都知事から東京都議会(平成16年第2回定例会)において、「伝統文化まで拒否する極端でグロテスクな主張」として批判されている。
- However, the criticism of koi-nobori from the gender-free standpoint was countered by Tokyo Governor Shintaro ISHIHARA of the Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly (the second regular meeting in 2004), who said 'it is an extreme and bizarre allegation that even denies traditional culture.'
- 臣下により天皇が殺害されたのは、確定している例では唯一である(他には、毒殺の疑いのある孝明天皇の例が未確定である。安康天皇は同じ皇族によって殺害されているが、史実性が低いので除外されることが多い)。
- This is the only confirmed case of an Emperor being killed by his vassal. (There is an unconfirmed case of Emperor Komei who was allegedly poisoned to death. Also, Emperor Anko was allegedly killed by one of the members of the Imperial family, but his case is often excluded due to its low historicity.)
- 直衣布袴も室町中期に足利義持が紅梅直衣に使用したのを最後に(この例自体が多分に尚古趣味によるものであった)ほとんど例を絶ち、近世には桜町上皇が仏事に使用した記事(通兄公記)などが知られるのみである。
- Noshi hoko was last used with Kobai (light pink) Noshi by Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA in the middle of the Muromachi period, (this example was probably considered as old fashioned), there were almost no other examples, but one historical article (Tsukyo (Michie) koki which mentioned that Retired Emperor Sakuramachi used it for a Buddhist service (for the dead).
- その一例として、歴代の東宮が伝領する「壷切の剣」を頼通が「藤原氏(特に摂関家)腹の東宮の宝物」との理由で、23年もの間、親王が即位するまで献上しなかった事が、大江匡房の談話集『江談抄』に記されている。
- According to 'Go Dan Sho,' written by Oe no Masafusa, there is an example of the above: Yorimichi did not give away Tsubo kiri no ken (a traditional sword handed down from emperor to crown prince) which passed through successive princes for 23 years until the enthronement of the prince, the reason being that 'the Tsubo kiri no ken was meant for the FUJIWARA clan's (specially the Sekkan-ke (families of the Fujiwara clan whose members were eligible to become regent) treasure.'
- 准母は皇室の中で選ばれるものであったが、平安時代末期に平清盛の娘平盛子が甥の高倉天皇の准母に、室町時代に三代征夷大将軍足利義満の正室であった日野康子が後小松天皇の准母に、それぞれ擬されている例がある。
- Although junbo was selected from imperial family, there were some exceptions that TAIRA no Seishi, a daughter of TAIRA no Kiyomori, was named as the junbo of Emperor Takakura who was a Kiyomori's nephew-in-law in the end of the Heian Period, and Yasuko HINO, the lawful wife of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, the 3rd Seitaishogun, was named as the junbo of Emperor Gokomatsu in the Muromachi Period.
- そのため、少なく見積もってもほぼ1500年は確実に系譜を辿り得る日本の皇室のような王朝は、約800年にもわたってフランスを統治し、現在もスペインを統治しているカペー朝の男系一族を例外として存在しない。
- Therefore, dynasties like the imperial household in Japan whose line can be unfailingly traced back in the genealogy, at least 1,500 years, doesn't exist in Europe except for the Capetian Dynasty male-line family that governed France for about 800 years, and governs Spain even now.
- ただし、寿司職人の間で戦前の寿司一人前分、握り寿司5つと三つ切りの海苔巻き2つを、太鼓のバチ(チャンチキ)に例えて「5かんのチャンチキ」と呼んだと紹介されている(篠田統『すしの本』1970年増補版)。
- However, it described that sushi chefs said five pieces of Nigiri-zushi and two rolls of Norimaki (vinegared rice rolled in a sheet of dried seaweed with various fillings in the center) cut into three pieces, which were equivalent to a sushi set for one person in prewar times, 'chanchiki (gong) of five kan' as compared to drum sticks (enlarged edition of 'Sushi Book' written by Osamu SHINODA in 1970).
- しかし、西欧人が日本の食事風景と朝鮮の食事風景の双方を見比べた場合に、日本式食事マナーの椀を手に持って口に近づけるほうが見苦しいとし、匙で口に運ぶ朝鮮式の食事マナーを気品あるものと賛美している例もある。
- However, when Westerners compare eating style in Japan with that in Korea, they consider that Japanese style eating manners such as holding bowl and bringing mouth closer to them is displeasing, while they praise that eating style in Korea such as bringing food to their mouths with spoon is decent.
- 本来、成人の日は、前年の成人の日の翌日からその年の成人の日までに誕生日を迎える人(例:1998年の新成人の場合は1997年1月16日から1998年1月15日までに20歳になった人)を祝う日となっている。
- Essentially, Coming-of-Age Day is for those who turn twenty from the day after the last Coming-of-Age Day to the day of the present one (For example, for Coming-of-Age Day in 1998, those who turned twenty from January 16, 1997 to January 15, 1998).
- 事例として、2006年9月15日に粕汁2杯を食べて自動車で帰宅していた神戸市の教師が呼気1リットル中、0.15ミリリットルのアルコールが検出されたとして2007年3月に酒気帯び運転容疑で書類送検された。
- One example of this is a teacher from Kobe City who drove home after eating two bowls of kasujiru (sake-lees soup) on September 15, 2006 and, when pulled over, was found to have exhaled 0.15ml of alcohol in 1l of breath, following which charges were filed on suspicion of driving under the influence of alcohol in March 2007.
- 最近では保育園・幼稚園・小学校に通う子供達を「裸のつきあいの意義を知る」としてクラス単位などで全員一緒に入浴させる「体験入浴」を学校行事とともに地域のふれあい行事として、一部の施設で行っている例もある。
- A recent example is that some facilities offer the service of 'experiencing taking a bath' as a school event at which to 'learn the meaning of relationship without dressing' (which also means a completely open relationship) and also as a local event, through the provision of opportunity for all children going to day nurseries, kindergarten and elementary schools to bathe together as a class.
- 後者の例としては、昭和52、53年(1977年、1978年)の歌会始において、同じく三笠宮崇仁親王の子である千容子(1951年生)が、出生順どおり高円宮憲仁親王 (1954年生)の前となっている例がある。
- As an example of the latter, at the first poetry reading party of the New Year at the Imperial Palace in 1977 and 1978, another daughter of Mikasanomiya Imperial Prince Takahito, Masako SEN (born 1951), was seated before Takamadonomiya Imperial Prince Norihito (born 1954) in accordance to the order of their birth.
- 物語は文化 (日本)二年 (1805) に処刑になった盗賊・鬼坊主清吉の講釈ネタに、安政二年 (1856) の江戸城御金蔵破り事件をからめ、剣客・八重垣紋三の逸話と初春恒例の曾我兄弟の対面を付け加えたもの。
- It is based on a koshaku (narration of a story) about the robber Seikichi ONIBOZU, who was executed in 1805, and also includes the incident of Edo-jo Castle Gokinzo Yaburi (Theft of the shogun's gold) in 1856, anecdotes of the expert swordsman Monzo YAEGAKI, and the scene of the Soga brothers' encounter which was often performed as a new year's program.
- 奈良時代ごろに、経典などの大事な書物をネズミから守る益獣として、中国の歴史から輸入された事が、日本猫の始まりと言う伝説があるが、弥生時代のカラカミ遺跡からの発見例もあり、紀元前から存在していた可能性がある。
- There is a legend that the beginning of Japanese cats was the ones imported around the Nara period from Chinese history as beneficial cats to protect important documents including sutras from rats, but there is a possibility that they had existed since before the birth of Christ partially because there is a specimen discovered from the Karakami remains of the Yayoi period (250 B.C.– 250 A.D.).
- 当時、皇位承継するにはその父が院でなければならないという慣例ができており、やむなく皇位についたことのない守貞親王が後高倉院として治天の地位について院政を開始し、その子が後堀河天皇として即位することとなった。
- At that time, a custom prevailed that the successor of the Imperial throne should have a father who was a retired Emperor, therefore Imperial Prince Morisada who previously had no position in the Imperial Palace, succeeded to the position to start to rule the Cloistered government as Gotakakurain against his will, and his son became Emperor Gohorikawa.
- 親王は貞子・董子どちらの妃との間にも王子女に恵まれなかったため、慣例に従うなら別の宮家を創設するか臣籍降下するはずであった異母弟の有栖川宮威仁親王を、自身の後継者にすることが生前に明治天皇から許されていた。
- The Prince did not have any children either with Sadako nor Tadako, it was approved by Emperor Meiji before he died, to have his half younger brother, Arisunogawa no Miya Imperial Prince Takehito as his successor, who was supposed to have established a new Miyake or have been demoted from nobility to subject according to custom.
- 江戸時代後期には光格天皇が父親の閑院宮典仁(すけひと)親王に太上天皇の追号を送ろうとしたが、天皇に即位しなかった者への贈位は前例がないとして反対した幕府の松平定信と衝突する尊号一件と呼ばれる事件が発生した。
- In the latter Edo period, Emperor Kokaku tried to give a posthumous title to his father, Kaninnomiya Imperial Prince Sukehito, and this came into conflict with Sadanobu MATSUDAIRA of the bakufu, who opposed that there is no precedent of giving a title to one who was not enthroned as the Emperor, and this was called the Songo Ikken (honorific title incident),
- また糸魚川静岡構造線以東は焼き餅で、西は焼かずに入れるという傾向があるものの、個別の地域差が大きく、これだけで割り切れるものではないが、日本の東西の食習慣の違いを表わす例としてよく持ち出されるものでもある。
- There is a slight regional tendency that mochi are baked before being used in zoni in the areas to the east of the geotectonic line of Shizuoka-Itoigawa. the fact that they are not baked in the areas to the west of the line is often mentioned to point out a difference in eating habits between the east and the west in Japan, however, the difference is not so distinctive, because regional variations also exist within each area.
- 地方公共団体では、それぞれ文化財保護条例を定めて、国が指定する無形文化財以外の無形文化財のうち、その地方公共団体にとって重要なものを「都道府県指定無形文化財」、「市町村指定無形文化財」などの形で指定している。
- Each local public body institutes regulations for protection of cultural properties to select intangible cultural properties important for the body, other than important intangible cultural properties designated by the national government, and designates such properties as 'Intangible Cultural Properties Designated by Prefecture' or 'Intangible Cultural Properties Designated by Municipality.'
- 従って、光明皇后(藤原氏)のように、皇后であっても臣下の家の出身者は皇親とは認められず、逆に藤原教通室となった禔子内親王の様に臣下に降嫁後に二品叙位を受けた例も存在する(『扶桑略記』長久2年12月19日条)。
- Accordingly, even an empress was not recognized as part of the Koshin if she had come from a subject's household, as seen with Empress Komyo (Fujiwara clan), whereas one who married into a subject's household could still be conferred a court rank, as with Imperial Princess Teishi who was conferred the second court rank after she had married FUJIWARA no Norimichi (Chapter December 19, 1041, 'Fuso Ryakki' [A Brief History of Japan]).
- 摂関期にはまだ平安宮内裏が本来の皇居であると認識されており、平安宮内裏が健在であるのに里内裏を皇居とする例はほとんど無かったが、院政期以降になると、平安宮内裏の有無に関わらず里内裏を皇居とする例が一般化した。
- In the regency period, the dairi in Heian-kyu palace was still recognized as the primary imperial palace, and the satodairi was rarely used as the imperial palace when the dairi in Heian-kyu palace was available; in the cloistered government period, however, the satodairi was commonly used as the imperial palace irrespective of the presence of the dairi in the Heian-kyu palace.
- 鎌倉時代には検非違使の別当が私家での検非違使庁務に使用したり、勧修寺流藤原氏当主が一族の法華八講に出るときなど、古くからの慣例故実のある場合のほかは、もっぱら大臣クラスが烏帽子直衣を着るという通念が生まれる。
- In the Kamakura period it was common for people who's official rank was higher than Minister to wear Eboshi apart from the special occasions such as; betto of Kebiishi used while working for the Kebiishi office, or when the head of the Kajuji House of the Fujiwara clan attended their hokke hakko (a Buddhist service).
- 応神天皇は、皇太子の時に、猪に危難を救われた事を思い出して、吉例として、詔を発して、能勢・木代村、切畑村、大円村より、毎年10月の亥の日に供御を行うように命じ、亥の子餅の献上の起源であると言い伝えらえれている。
- Emperor Ojin, who remembered the boar that had saved him from danger when he was a prince, issued an imperial edict to make it a festive custom for the people of Kishiro, Kirihata and Omaru villages in Nose district to present kugo (emperor's meal) on the day of boar in October every year, which is now believed to be the origin of the custom to present Inoko mochi cakes of Nose district to Imperial court.
- 例としては本作の前年に公開されたギャング・アクション映画「暗黒街の対決」(1960年 岡本喜八監督)や、本作の9年後に公開された任侠パロディ映画「日本一のヤクザ男」(1970年 古澤憲吾監督)などが挙げられる。
- Examples of these include a gang action film 'Ankokugai no Taiketsu' (The Last Gunfight), directed by Kihachi OKAMOTO in 1960) which was released one year before 'Yojinbo', and a gangster parody film 'Nippon-ichi no Yakuzaotoko' (1970, directed by Kengo FURUSAWA) which was released nine years after 'Yojinbo' are other examples.
- 例えば、内親王・女王による宮家の継承および創設を認める、既存の宮家の後継者としていわゆる旧皇族の男系子孫から養子(第1内親王・女王の婿等)を迎える、旧皇族を復籍するなどさまざまな意見はあるが、結論は出ていない。
- For example, there are some ideas on allowing Princesses and Empresses to succeed the Miyake, or establish new Miyake, or to adopt (the first Imperial Prince or Empress's husband and so on) male descendants of former Imperial family, as the successor to the current Miyake, or have former Imperial members come return to their positions, however there has been no solution thus far.
- 平安時代前期には皇太子の礼服は赤色の九章服になったが(さらに朝賀の廃止された平安中期以降は、皇太子の礼服の着装例がない)、朝服においてはその後も使用され、文様も鴛鴦丸(えんおうまる)が使われることが一般化した。
- Although the crown prince's reifuku was replaced by a red kushofuku in the early Heian period (after choga was abolished in the middle of the Heian period, the crown prince's reifuku fell into disuse), oni no ho was continuously used for chofuku and the use of the eno-maru (a design in which mandarin ducks form a circle) pattern became common practice.
- このため、郵便制度の整備、鉄道の敷設、輸出産業の育成(一例が富岡製糸場)を行い(殖産興業)、徴兵制を実施した(戸主は徴兵を免除されたので、主に戸主以外の次三男層や貧農層の子弟が兵役を担った為、血税一揆が起きた)。
- In light of the above, the government put the postal service in place, constructed the railway system, developed export industries (with an example being Tomioka Seishi-jo (Tomioka Silk Mill)) (encouragement of new industry) and implemented conscription (which, since the household head was exempt from this legislation and the other sons of the family or male members of the poor peasant class were drafted into military service, caused the blood tax revolt (anti-conscription revolt)).
- それ以前は、女性をモチーフとした例えば浮世絵に見られる諸作品は「美人絵(びじんえ)」や「女絵(おんなえ)」として分類されていたが、特に後者の呼称では源氏物語絵巻にあるような引目鉤鼻の記号的な女性図をも含んでいた。
- Before then, various works such as those found in ukiyoe, that are in the motif of women, were categorized as 'bijin-e' (paintings of beautiful women) and 'onna-e' (women pictures); but the latter term, for example, also included symbolic paintings of women with hikime-kagihana (drawn-line eyes and a hook-shaped nose) such as those found in 'Genji Monogatari Emaki' (the Illustrated Handscroll of the Tale of Genji).
- ただし、いったん絶滅した復刻米などの場合で、なおかつ現存するのが復刻地の尽力に負うことが顕著である品種は復刻地都道府県の項に配した(例神力は兵庫県原産で、現在も兵庫県でも栽培されているが、復刻栽培した熊本県に)。
- In the case of fukkokumai from a precinct variety, if its existence is largely own to the effort of the prefecture in which it is revived, such variety is allocated to the prefecture of its revival (e.g., Shinriki's place of origin is Hyogo Prefecture and it's grown in Hyogo Prefecture even today, but it was allocated to Kumamoto Prefecture where is was revived).
- 例えば、雅楽の演奏の時には殆ど化粧しない東儀秀樹が写真集の中で歌舞伎舞踊と同様の舞台化粧で登場する、元々厚化粧の印象が強い浜崎あゆみもデジタルカメラの広告で更に厚化粧になる、と言うようなケースは枚挙にいとまが無い。
- Hideki TOGI, for example, who hardly ever puts on any makeup during his performances in gagaku (ancient Japanese court dance and music), appeared in a photo book wearing stage makeup similar to what is used in Kabuki Buyo, and Ayumi HAMASAKI, who already gives a strong impression of wearing atsugesho, puts on even heavier atsugesho in advertisements for digital cameras and other similar cases too numerous to mention.
- 弥仁は妙法院への入室が予定されていたが、京都の足利義詮は二条良基と相談の上、北朝再建のために広義門院に要請し、延臣に擁立されて即位した古代の継体天皇の先例も引照して、8月17日に弥仁は践祚され、後光厳天皇として即位。
- Although Prince Iyahito was expected to enter Myohoin, after Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA of Kyoto discussed the situation with Yoshimoto NIJO, they asked for help for Kogimon-in, Prince Iyahito received the order to succeed to the throne and was enthroned as Emperor Gokogon in August 17, following the example of ancient Emperor Keitai who was enthroned after being appointed by Enshin (延臣).
- そのことは、皇族の範囲を狭く限定する趣旨(これは大正天皇の直系の子孫であっても同様に適用される)が準則の第1条にまず謳われ、邦家親王の子孫に関する規定は特例として「附則」に言及されているに過ぎないことからも明白である。
- It was expressed in No.1 of the regulation as a purpose to limit the range of Imperial Family to a narrower definition, (it was applied in the same way to the direct descendants of Emperor Taisho) it was apparent that the regulation for an Imperial Prince's descendants was an exception as it was mentioned in an additional rule.
- 事実、準則が制定されてから1946年(昭和21年)に廃止されるまでの26年間に12例の皇族の臣籍降下があったが、いずれも準則に該当する王が勅旨により強制的に華族とされることを避けるために自発的に情願を行ったものである。
- In fact, there were 12 examples of Imperial members demoted from nobility to subject twenty six years after the regulation was issued and before it was abolished in 1946, in each case a Prince who falls under the regulation, voluntary appealed to avoid being forced to become nobility on the Emperor's order.
- 一例として、イギリス王室は直系男長子優先の継承順位であるため、継承順位は、エリザベス女王の第2子アン王女よりも、第3子ヨーク公の方が継承順位は上で、ヨーク公が4位、アン王女は弟王子2人とその家族よりも下の10位である。
- As an example, in the British Imperial Household, the eldest son in the direct line is preceded in order of succession; Duke of York, the third child of Queen Elizabeth has a higher priority than Princess Ann, the second child of Queen Elizabeth in order of succession; Duke of York is the forth in line to the imperial throne while Queen Ann is the tenth having a lower priority than her younger brothers and their families
- 地方公共団体では、それぞれ文化財保護条例を定めて、有形文化財(重要文化財に指定されたものを除く)のうち、その地方公共団体にとって重要なものを「○○都道府県指定有形文化財」、「市町村指定有形文化財」などの形で指定している。
- Each of the local public entities establishes Regulation for the Protection of Cultural Properties, and designates those products that are important to the local public entities among the tangible cultural properties (excluding properties which are designated as important cultural property) in the form of 'a tangible cultural asset designated by xx prefecture', 'a tangible cultural asset designated by municipalities' and so on.
- ただし、地方公共団体の有形民俗文化財として指定を受けた場合において、その登録有形民俗文化財について、その保存及び活用のための措置を講ずる必要があり、かつ、その所有者の同意がある場合は、例外的に登録を抹消しないことができる。
- However, when it is designated as tangible folk cultural property of a local public entity, the registry may not be canceled exceptionally provided that the registered tangible folk cultural property needs some measure for its preservation and application, and the owner agrees.
- 希少な例として、正倉院に奈良時代から伝わる蕨手刀(わらびてとう正倉院では黒作横刀と呼称)や黒作大刀(くろつくりのたち)などがあり、京都の鞍馬寺には坂上田村麻呂の佩用と伝えられる平安時代の黒漆大刀(くろうるしのたち)がある。
- Some of rare examples are warabi-teto (which is called Kurozukuritachi in Shosoin) and kurotsukuri-no-tachi which have been housed in Shosoin since the Nara period, and kurourushi-no-tachi from the Heian period housed in Kurama-dera Temple in Kyoto, which is said to have been carried by SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro.
- 和宮及びそのお付き女中は宮中風の生活習慣を守り(一例を挙げると天皇の許しがないため冬期でも足袋をはかず裸足であった)、一方、大奥になじまない和宮一行を大奥側も不遇な待遇をしていじめるなどし、当初は険悪な空気であったという。
- Kazunomiya and her maids kept the same customs like the Imperial style, (for example they spent winter time bear foot without wearing socks since the Emperor did not allow them to do so), on the other hand, people in Ooku gave the hard time to Kazunomiya and her maids as they did not get used to the new life in Ooku, it is said there was a bad atmosphere inside the Ooku in those days.
- 逆に日本猫が持ち出された例として、ネコの存在しなかった沖縄や奄美大島などに人々が本土から移住した際に、一緒に猫を連れて行ったため、この地でノネコとなったものが、ヤンバルクイナなど固有の希少動物を食い荒らし、問題となっている。
- On the contrary, an example of Japanese cats being brought out includes that, when people moved from the main land to Okinawa or Amami-oshima island where cats had not existed, they took cats with them, and as a result, some of them became alley cats there and spoilt rare native wildlife including Okinawa rails by eating them, which has been at issue.
- 後醍醐側の光厳天皇への処遇は「朕の皇太子の地位を退き、天皇として即位はしていないが特例として上皇待遇とする」とされ即位の事実を否定されてしまった(したがって論理的には小一条院同様皇太子をやめて上皇の尊号を受けたという例になる)。
- Emperor Godaigo treated Emperor Kogon as 'the retired Emperor who abdicated from the position of Crown Prince, however, not officially succeeding to the throne, he was treated as an retired emperor exception,' which means the Emperor was indirectly denied and he was no longer Emperor. (Hence, theoretically this is a similar to the example of Koichijo-in who abdicated from being the Crown Prince and received the respected title of retired emperor.)
- 現代の新作能では伝統的な曲目においては考えられないような実験的な演出が試みられることも多く、例えば「伽羅沙」では囃子方の他にパイプオルガンを背景音楽として使用しているし、「安倍晴明」では地謡の一部で同時に二つの旋律が謡われている。
- For the Shinsaku-Noh in modern days, experimental stage-management that cannot be considered for the traditional songs is often tried and, for example, music by a pipe organ is used as the background music in addition to the hayashi-kata (a traditional music player group) in a work 'Garasha' and two melodies are simultaneously sung in a portion of jiutai (background chorus) in a work 'ABE no Seimei.'
- 『日本書紀』においても、仁徳天皇の「皇后」磐之媛命を唯一の例外として「皇后」の父はすべて神または天皇・皇族である(もっとも、『日本書紀』の記事には後世における天皇の生母に対する顕彰によって贈られた「皇后」号も存在するとの考えがある)。
- In 'Nihon Shoki,' with the only exception of Iwanohimenomikoto, Emperor Jintoku's 'Kogo,' all fathers of 'Kogo' were either God or the Emperor/a member of the Imperial Family (But it is thought in 'Nihon Shoki' that the title 'Kogo' was presented as an honary award to the emperors' real mothers in later years).
- 当初は宮中儀礼において必要に応じて定められた地位であったが、後に皇女の優遇のために置かれるようになり、天皇と配偶関係にない皇女が准母・皇后として冊立された例も多い(これを准母立后と称し、このように后となった内親王を尊称皇后とも呼ぶ)。
- At first junbo was the status which was named accordingly in court ceremony, later it was put to give good treatment to imperial princesses, and there were many examples that imperial princesses who were not married to the emperor were named as a junbo and empress (it is called junbo-rikko [investiture of junbo and empress], and an imperial princess who became an empress in this way is also called a Sonsho kogo [honorific empress who is not a wife of the emperor]).
- 頼長は宇治にいる忠実に助けを求め、上洛した忠実は法皇に対して、藤原道長の娘・藤原彰子や非執政者の娘(藤原師輔の娘・藤原安子、藤原師実の養女・藤原賢子)が立后した例を示し、頼長には近衛天皇の母・美福門院に書を送って嘆願することを命じた。
- Yorinaga sought Tadazane who was in Uji for help; Tadazane came out of Uji, ordered Yorinaga to send the document to Bifukumonin, the mother of Emperor Konoe, to ask for Masaruko to be enthroned, presenting the case examples to the Cloistered Emperor that the daughter of Michinaga FUJIWARA, FUJIWARA no Shoshi, and daughters either of which was not the daughter of a governor; FUJIWARA no Anshi; the daughter of FUJIWARA no Morosuke; FUJIWARA no Kenshi, the adopted daughter of FUJIWARA no Morozane were enthroned.
- 例えば全国に支配権を敷いていた武家政権の君主である征夷大将軍への就任も形式上は天皇の宣下によって行われることになっており、その権力者は天皇の権威を利用し、その政敵を朝敵(天皇の敵)などに指定させ、その統治権を正当化することが多かった。
- For example, the assumption of Seii Taishogun, who was the sovereign of samurai government which had supremacy throughout the country, was claimed to be granted by the Emperor in a form of Imperial proclamation, and most of the time, the man at power used the Emperor's authority to make a political opponent as choteki (enemy of the Emperor) to justify his right to rule.
- 酒造りに関しても、たとえば秋田藩や会津藩のように、領内の産業育成であるとか、財政の建て直しであるとか、幕府も納得する理由のもとに醸造業の改善や拡大を企画するときには、たとえ全国的には酒造制限期であっても特例として許可されることがあった。
- Also regarding sake brewing, it was sometimes permitted as an exception even in the restriction period nationwide if it was for the purpose of industrial development in the domain, reconstruction of the economy or for planning to improve or expand the brewing industry based on the reasons accepted by the bakufu as in the Akita Domain and the Aizu Domain.
- 精霊船の基本形は前述の通りであるが、近年では印灯篭の「遊び心」が船本体にも影響を及ぼし、船の形をなしていない、いわゆる「変わり精霊船」も数多く見られる(例ヨット好きの故人→ヨット型、バスの運転士→西方浄土行の方向幕を掲げたバス型など)。
- Although the basic structure of shorobune is, as mentioned above, influenced by the playful spirit of shirushi toro, nowadays, many so called alternative shorobune are made these days (e.g., yacht type shorobune for the dead who loved yachts; a bus type with a destination bound for the Western Pure Land for a bus driver).
- 柔術の定義については、流派が数多くあり、技法の内容も多種多様であるため、一概には言えないが、例えば講道館の創始者嘉納治五郎は、「無手或は短き武器をもって、無手或は武器を持って居る敵を攻撃し、または防御するの術」である、と柔術を定義した。
- Having various schools and techniques, jujutsu is difficult to be defined uniformly, but, for example, Jigoro KANO, who was the founder of 'Kodokan judo' (the judo form of Kodokan Judo Institute), defined it as the offense and defense techniques using no (or a small) weapon against an armed or unarmed opponent.
- 現在、能楽と呼ばれる芸能は、室町時代に観阿弥、世阿弥、音阿弥、金春禅竹らによって大成され、織豊期に観世座、宝生座、金春座、金剛座のいわゆる大和四座が、専ら猿楽を上演する芸能集団として、黒川能などの例外を除くと寡占的な地位を占めるに至った。
- The performing art now known as nogaku was established during the Muromachi period by Kanami, Zeami, Onami and Zenchiku KONPARU, and during the Shokuho period, the so-called Yamato-yoza, consisting of Kanze-za, Hosyo-za, Konparu-za and Kongo-za, held a dominant position as a performing group which specialized in sarugaku (comical mimicry and speech performance), except for Kurokawa Noh.
- 皇室令及附属法令廃止ノ件(昭和22年皇室令第12号)により廃止されたが、現行皇統譜令は第1条で「この政令に定めるものの外、皇統譜に関しては、当分の間、なお従前の例による」との経過規定を置き、皇統譜の詳細に関しては旧皇統譜令の定めを準用する。
- The Kyu Kotofu Rei was repealed based on 'Koshitsu rei oyobi fuzoku horei haishi no ken' (literally, repeal of Koshitsu Rei and the subordinate laws and ordinances (Koshitsu Rei No.12 of 1947), but Article 1 of the existing Kutofu Rei is a progress provision stipulating that 'any matters concerning Kotofu, except for those stipulated by this government ordinance, shall, for the time being, comply with precedents,' and thus, detailed rules stipulated in the Kyu Kotofu Rei applies mutatis mutandis to the existing Kotofu.
- 「ハレとケ」という概念関係の捉え方は、柳田國男が近代化による民俗の変容を指摘する一つの論拠として、ハレとケの区別の曖昧化が進行していること(例えば、ハレの儀礼時にのみ行っていた特別な飲食が日常的に行われる、など)を提示したのが始まりである。
- Interpretation of the conceptual connection of 'hare and ke' began when Kunio YANAGIDA posed that the distinction between hare and ke was progressing towards ambiguity (for example, special food and drinks that were served only at hare rituals are consumed in ordinary settings), which he used as a rationale for pointing out that folklore was transforming because of modernization.
- 日本においては、中大兄皇子(舒明天皇・斉明天皇の皇子で後の天智天皇)と持統天皇(天智天皇の皇女・天武天皇の皇后で後の持統天皇)の2例を「称制」としているが、この他に神功皇后・飯豊皇女・阿閉皇女の計3例のケースも称制に相当すると言う考えがある。
- In Japan there were two examples of Shosei which were, Prince Naka no Oe (Emperor Jomei and Empress Saimei's Prince, later called Emperor Tenchi or Tenji) and Emperor Jito (Emperor Tenchi's Princess, Emperor Tenmu's Empress and later called Emperor Jito), however there are some opinions that the three examples of Empress Jingu and Iitoyo no Himemiko (Princess Iitoyo) and Ahe no Himemiko (Princess Ahe) were considered as Shosei.
- 重要伝統的建造物群保存地区(じゅうようでんとうてきけんぞうぶつぐんほぞんちく)は、日本の文化財保護法第144条に基づき、市町村が条例等により決定した「伝統的建造物群保存地区」のうち、特に価値が高いものとして国(文部科学大臣)が選定したものを指す。
- The preservation districts for groups of important historic buildings refer to 'Historic Buildings Preservation Areas' ordained by local authorities under Article 144 of the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties of Japan, of which the state (Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) selects those which are especially important.
- 例えば、後円融の子後小松天皇は、1392年(元中9年/明徳3年)に南北朝合一を実現して後醍醐以来の唯一の天皇となり、皇子称光天皇に譲位して院政を行い、1428年(正長元年)に称光が没して皇統が絶えると、伏見宮家から後花園天皇を立てて院政を続けた。
- For example Emperor Goenyu's son, Emperor Gokomatsu made the unity of the Southern and the Northern Courts happen in 1392, and became the only Emperor since Emperor Godaigo's era, he then passed the Imperial throne to his Prince, Emperor Shoko to start his cloistered government, after Emperor Shoko died in 1428 and there was no one to succeed to the throne, he appointed Emperor Gohanazono from the Fushiminomiya family as a successor to continue to rule his government.
- 都市の特定のエリア(例えば、中華街、元町、神田神保町の古本祭り、浅草サンバカーニバル、YOSAKOIソーラン祭りなど)、文化施設(たとえば、Bunkamura、水戸芸術館など)、教育機関(中学校、高等学校、大学など)の祭り、フェスティバル等がある。
- Festivals held at specific areas in the city (e.g., China Town, Motomachi, Secondhand Book Fair at Kanda Jinbo-cho, Asakusa Samba Carnival, YOSAKOI Soran Festival and so on), at cultural facilities (e.g., Bunkamura, Art Tower Mito and so on), and at educational institutions (junior high schools, high schools, universities and so on) are named.
- ちなみに、粕汁にはアルコール分が含まれており、2006年9月15日には粕汁2杯を食べて自動車で帰宅していた神戸市の教師が呼気1リットル中、0.15ミリリットルのアルコールが検出されたとして2007年3月に酒気帯び運転容疑で書類送検された事例がある。
- Incidentally, kasujiru contains alcohol, and in the case of a teacher in Kobe City, who ate two bowls of kasujiru and drove home on September 15, 2006, 0.15ml alcohol was detected per liter of his breath, and criminal papers were filed with prosecutors against him on suspicion of driving under the influence of alcohol in March 2007.
- 「御物」の用例としては、室町幕府8代将軍足利義政の所蔵品を指して東山御物(ひがしやまごもつ)、徳川家伝来の名物茶道具を指して柳営御物(りゅうえいごもつ)などと言う場合があるが、単に「御物」と言えば皇室の私有物を指し、「ぎょぶつ」と読むのが通例である。
- The examples of 'gyobutsu' are the Higashiyama Gomotsu, which was the collection of Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, the eighth shogun of the Muromachi shogunate, and also the one called 'Ryuei Gomotsu, which consists of famous Japanese tea utensils (tea things handed down to the Tokugawa clan); however, the word 'Gyobutsu' simply means the belongings of the Imperial Family and is usually referred to as 'gyobutsu.'
- こういった問題において、例えば箸は軽度の意識障害や指先の運動機能障害がある場合に大変扱い難い食器となってしまうわけだが、ここで先割れスプーン(特に先端部がフォーク状になっているもの)を使うと、無理な姿勢で食器に顔を近づけずとも、口元まで食事を運びやすい。
- For instance, in these problems, chopsticks are difficult to use for people who have disturbance of consciousness or motility disorder of fingertips, here, if they use spork (particularly, they use the spork with fork-like tip), it is easy for them to bring food to their mouths without moving their faces to eating utensils in unnatural posture.
- 早世した草壁皇子だが、両親・妻・息子・娘と近親者(さらに次女・吉備内親王の夫、長屋王も実際は特例として親王待遇を受け、皇位継承権があったとの説が指摘されている)の殆どが皇位につき、彼の子孫達は天武系の嫡流として奈良時代における文化・政治の担い手となった。
- Prince Kusakabe died at an early age, however, most of his families including his parents, wife, sons, daughters and close relatives took throne (moreover the theory that Prince Nagaya, who was the husband of his second daughter Imperial Princess Kibi was also treated as Imperial Prince as a special case and had the right of succession to the Imperial Throne has been pointed out), while his descendants became bearers of culture and politics as main branch of the Imperial line from the Emperor Tenmu in Nara Period.
- 一説には病気の天皇が治療のために灸を据えようとしたところ、「玉体に火傷の痕をつけるなどとんでもない」と廷臣が反対したために退位して治療を受けたと言われているが、天皇が灸治を受けた前例(高倉天皇・後宇多天皇両天皇)もあり、譲位のための口実であるとされている。
- There is one theory that the Emperor wished to be administered moxibustion, but his courtier was against it, saying, 'It is out of the question that the Emperor has a burned mark on the body'; consequently, the Emperor decided to abdicate in order to have moxa cautery treatment done, but there was an example the former emperors had the same treatment done (Emperor Takakura and Emperor Gouda), so it is presumed to have been an excuse to abdicate.
- それを犯せば君主であれ国民であれ主権を侵すことになり、ここに立憲制は瓦解する(この場合の主権は、例えば領海侵犯や国民が他国へ拉致された場合などにおいて「我が国の主権侵害」などと言われるが、まさにこの内外に(法律面で)侵されざるべき国家の權利を主権という)。
- Irrespective of monarch or general people, violating it means a violation of sovereign power, and this makes the constitutional system collapse (in this case, sovereign power means state right which shouldn't be [legally] violated in and outside of Japan, and an expression like 'infringement of Japanese sovereignty' is often used in the case of intrusion into territorial waters or abduction of Japanese civilians to other country).
- 近世の山科流は極彩色で縁取りした金の源氏雲を描き(金は泥絵具・箔ともに例がある。山科流の女子用は雲に金銀を用いるが、横目扇は金一色)、飛鶴2羽と大松を描き、松の根元の丘には笹を描き、左に群青色の水を配し、水には銀泥で観世水(波)を描き、なかに緑色の亀を描く。
- Fans of Yamashina school in the early-modern times had a picture as follows: gold Genjigumo (floating clouds) with brilliant-colored frames (both pigments made from earth materials and foil were used for gold; gold and silver were used for girl's fan of Yamashina school but only gold was used for cross-grained fans); two flying cranes and a big pine tree; bamboo grass on the hill at the bottom of the pine tree; ultramarine water on the left; in the water there were Kanzemizu (whirling waves) drawn with silver paint; and a green turtle.
- このため、全くの部外者や、見物する者や参加する者という当事者にとっても「祭=楽しいイベント(お祭り騒ぎ)」という程度の認識しか持たれないことが多く、祭のために仕事を休むということは、例えば葬儀のためにということなどと比べると遥かに理解が得られにくい状況にある。
- Therefore, in many cases, complete outsiders, viewers and concerned people called participants only have a recognition at a level of 'matsuri equaling to cheerful event' (omatsuri sawagi), and now is in the situation where it is almost far from clear to take days off for a feast compared with cases of taking days off for funeral service and so on.
- 元来「道」という言葉は日本語において「体系」という意味をも持ち、王朝時代から管弦のことを「糸竹の道」と表現するなどの用例があることをみてもわかるように、芸について「みち」もしくは「道」で表現される内容は最初は単純に「芸の体系」というほどの意味であったと思われる。
- Originally, the word 'do' (or 'michi') meant 'system' in Japanese and, as shown by the example in which wind and string instruments have been referred to as 'Itotake no michi' since the Dynastic period, it is thought that 'michi' or 'do' first meant simply 'system of art' when used in relation to the arts.
- 一方で「水子の祟り」「水子の障り(霊障)」を云々するのは、人工妊娠中絶を行った女性を精神的に追いつめる可能性もあることが指摘され、中には霊感商法の一環として露骨に不安をあおり、高価な物品の販売や寄付・献金を促す悪質な例(悪徳商法)も多くあることから社会問題化した。
- On the other hand, commenting on 'mizuko no tatari' (curse of mizuko), 'mizuko no sawari' (harm brought on by mizuko), and so on is pointed out of possibilities to drive women who had abortions to mental anguish, and in some instances, there are many vicious cases (illegal business) such as selling expensive merchandise or urging donations by blatantly provoking anxiety, and it was recognized as a social problem.
- 持統天皇が文武天皇に譲位をして太上天皇になったのが最初であり(皇極天皇が弟・孝徳天皇に譲位した例はあるが、このときには「太上天皇」号は存在しておらず、また、その後斉明天皇として重祚している)、江戸時代後期光格天皇が仁孝天皇に譲位するまで、計62人の上皇が存在した。
- The first Emperor to become Daijo Tenno was Emperor Jito, who handed over the throne to Emperor Monmu, (though there is an example of Empress Kogyoku, who transferred the throne to her younger brother Emperor Kotoku, but at this time, there was no title of 'Daijo Tenno' and, thereafter, she acceded to the throne again as Empress Saimei) and up until Emperor Kokaku handed over the throne to Emperor Ninko in the late Edo period, there were 62 Joko's in total.
- 殆どの天皇には、譲位後すみやかに太上天皇号が奉られるが、退位によって自動的に奉られるものではないので、淡路廃帝(淳仁天皇)のようにクーデター的に廃位されたり、安徳天皇や九条廃帝(仲恭天皇)のように退位・即位の事実が曖昧にされたりして、尊号が奉られなかった例もある。
- To most Emperors, the titles of Daijo Tenno were awarded soon after transfer of the throne but, because it was not awarded automatically with the transfer, there were cases where the honorary titles were not awarded as was the case with Awaji haitei (the deposed Emperor of Awaji) (Emperor Junnin), who was abdicated in something like a coup, and with Emperor Antoku and Dethroned Emperor Kujo (Emperor Chukyo) whose abdication and enthronement were made obscure.
- 重量精米歩合であると、たしかに全体の白米の重さは精米歩合に比例して小さくなっているものの、ある米粒はあまり削られていなかったり、ある米粒は酒米構造まで削られていたりする。、などと磨かれ具合がまばらになっていても、平均化された見掛け上の値として精米歩合が出てきてしまう。
- In case of rice-polishing ratio by weight, the weight of the whole polished rice grains decreases in proportion to the rice-polishing ratio, but some grains are not much shaved and others are shaved to the level of sake rice structure.
- 現代社会の例としては、全国各地の第三セクターにある放棄され廃墟と化している無人遊園地では、深夜になると無人のジェットコースターがひとりでに走り、白馬のメリーゴーランドが生身の白馬に変化し苦しみもがき、迷子の子供がマンホールから次々と這い出てくる不思議な目撃話が語られている。
- At some amusement parks of joint public-private ventures that had fallen into ruin, according to eyewitnesses, roller coasters with no staff would start to run, the white horses of merry-go-rounds would become living white horses and be tormented, and lost children would crawl out from manholes in the middle of the night.
- 特に大相撲では、「大関は最大で五人」という慣例があることから、大関が五人いる状態で新横綱・新大関が同時に誕生すると「誰か昇進させないと六大関になってしまうから、(成績は満点とはいえないが)押し出されて横綱になった」という揶揄の意味で「ところてん式に昇進」といわれることがある。
- This applies especially to the case of grand sumo tournament where there is a custom that 'there should not be more than five ozeki (sumo wrestler of the second highest rank)'; if new yokozuna (sumo grand champion) and new ozeki come into being simultaneously when there are already five ozeki, this situation is sometimes called 'tokoroten-shiki promotion' implicating ironically that 'the new yokozuna has become yokozuna by being pushed out of ozeki's position (in spite of insufficient scores) because someone had to move upward in order to avoid having six ozeki.'
- ただし、神功皇后や倭姫命などの例があるように古代の女性皇族で巫女的な資質をもっていた人がいてもまったく不思議ではないが、記紀をみる限り、飯豊女王について巫女的な要素が直接うかがわれるような記述があるわけではなく、あまり巫女的な面を強調しすぎることには慎重であるべきとする説もある。
- However, it is not strange that there existed people who had a miko-type character in ancient female Imperial families like Empress Jingu or Yamato hime no mikoto and so on, but in 'A Record of Ancient Matter' and 'Chronicles of Japan' there is no description which suggests that Iitoyo no himemiko had a miko-type character and some theories say that you should be careful to emphasize her miko aspect too much.
- また、格に関しても中国では唐の滅亡後は官人資格などを定めた限定的な法律に縮小されていくのに対して、日本では養老律令以後新規の律令が全く作られなくなったために格の占める比率が高くなり、律令による規定そのものを否定する法令(例墾田永年私財法)さえも格の形式によって出されるようになった。
- As for Kyaku, too, as opposed to China, where after the fall of the Tung dynasty, it had diminished into restrictive law which stated the qualifications for government officials, the share of Kyaku became high since not one new Ritsuryo code were made at all from the Yoro Ritsuryo code in Japan, and even laws and ordinances (for example, 'konden einen shizai ho', the Law Permitting Permanent Ownership of Newly Cultivated Land) which denied the rules by the Ritsuryo codes were passed in the form of Kyaku.
- この説は北東北戊辰戦争に従軍した山本八十吉の話(『大館戊辰戦史』93頁)、斬殺された仙台使節の罪状書きに「尊氏の悪例」と書かれていた(『仙台戊辰史』)ことを根拠とする(中山吉弘編著『明治維新と名参謀前山清一郎』〔東京図書出版会、2002年 ISBN 4434013491〕を参照)。
- This theory was based on the story by Yasokichi YAMAMOTO who served in the Northern Tohoku Boshin War ('History of Boshin War in Odate', page 93) and on the fact that 'bad example of Takauji' was written in the indictment document of Sendai Shisetsu (an envoy from Sendai) who was killed with a sword ('History of Boshin War in Sendai') (See 'The Meiji Restoration and The Great General Staff Seiichiro MAEYAMA' compiled by Yoshihiro NAKAYAMA, [Tokyo Tosho Shuppankai (publishing company), 2002, ISBN 4434013491]).
- 平成13年(2001年)12月18日、天皇誕生日前に恒例となっている記者会見において明仁は、翌年のサッカーFIFAワールドカップ共催に際してのコメントの一部で、「桓武天皇の生母が百済の武寧王の子孫であると続日本紀に記されていることに大韓民国とのゆかりを感じています」との発言を行った。
- On December 18, 2001, Akihito mentioned in the annual interview before his birthday, for the comment of mutual relief on the FIFA World Cup of Soccer in the following year, 'I feel a certain kinship with Korea after knowing Emperor Kammu's mother's descendant is related to Baekje Muryeong-wang, according to Shoku-Nihongi (The Chronicles of Japan II).'
- 准母は堀河天皇が践祚に際して、既に生母である中宮藤原賢子が崩御していたため、寛治元年(1087年)に皇姉てい子内親王が母に擬せられたのが初例となり、爾来、天皇の生母が死去した後に幼年で即位した場合や、生母が存命だが身分が低すぎるか既に女院となっている場合などに、准母を定めるようになった。
- It became the first example of junbo that in 1087, in the succession of Emperor Horikawa to the throne, his elder sister, Imperial Princess Teishi was equated with his mother because his real mother, Chugu (Empress) FUJIWARA no Kenshi was already deceased, after that, junbo was named in the case that an infant emperor succeeded to the throne after his real mother passed away, or the case that although his real mother was alive, her social status was too low or she was already a nyoin (a woman bestowed with the title 'in' [title given to retired emperor]).
- この立場にたった場合、なぜ、このような物語が旧辞に取り入れられたのかははっきりしないが、越前国(あるいは近江国)出身であった継体天皇の先例として播磨国出身の顕宗・仁賢2天皇を設定することにより、万世一系的な王統譜に断層をもたらしかねない地方出身の王位継承資格者の特異性を払拭する意図があったとも言われている。
- From this standpoint, it is not clear why such a story was adopted by Kyuji (a record of old stories which served as a foundation of 'Kojiki,' etc.) but it is said that there was an intention that, by setting two Emperors Kenzo and Ninken, who were from Harima Province, as a historical precedent for Emperor Keitai who was from Echizen Province (or Omi Province), peculiarity of a candidate from a local area as a successor to the Imperial throne may be cast aside, which might bring a gap in the unbroken royal genealogy.
- 正暦2年(991年)に最初の女院となった東三条院藤原詮子の待遇を定めるについては、まったく前例がない新儀であったことと、一条天皇の生母ではあるが、皇后の経歴がないために権威において一段劣る彼女をあえて后位よりも上位に位置づける必要があったことから、上皇の待遇が参考とされ、これがその後の女院の待遇の先例となった。
- In the decision of the treatment of Higashisanjoin FUJIWARA no Senshi who became the first nyoin in 991, the treatment of Joko was taken into account to decide her treatment because it was an unprecedented procedure and it was necessary to rank her, who was the real mother of Emperor Ichijo but inferior in authority to the Empress due to lack of the career as an empress, above the Empress, and that became the precedent of the treatment of following nyoins.
- 都が平安京に移って以降、いったん出家した皇族が還俗して践祚した例はなく、この時院政を敷いていた後水尾天皇はその第19皇子である高貴宮(後の霊元天皇)を践祚させようとしたが、高貴宮は生後間もなかったので、四世襲親王家の一つである有栖川宮を継承していた良仁親王が高貴宮が成長するまでの間の中継ぎとして践祚して後西天皇となった。
- At the time, there was no precedent where an Imperial member entered priesthood and then returned to a secular life to become enthroned as emperor, Emperor Gomizunoo, who used to rule the cloistered government, tried to have his nineteenth Prince, Ade no Miya (the later Emperor Reigen) succeed the throne, however the Prince Ade no Miya had just been born, so, it was decided that Imperial Prince Nagahito who belonged to the Arisugawa no Miya, one of the four hereditary Imperial families, would temporarily succeed the throne and be named Emperor Gosai until Ade no Miya was old enough to become Emperor.
- また、和氏が武寧王の子孫であるかどうかは、学術的に少なからず疑義を持たれており、いずれにしても1000年以上前の「続日本紀に記されていることにゆかりを感じる」という程度の発言であるにも関わらず、この発言が韓国では大きく話題にされ、当時の大統領であった金大中が大統領談話で言及までしたことは、天皇の発言が大きな影響力を持つことを物語る実例の一つとなった。
- There is some doubt academically whether Yamatouji is Baekje Muryeong-wang's descendant or not; it was an actual example that the Emperor's remark has a strong political message, knowing that the Korea mass media paid great attention to such words from the Emperor, referring to the history more than a thousand years ago, and even the former President Dae-jung [Daejung, Dae jung] Kim mentioned this in the interview.
- その例として、例えば平安時代から鎌倉時代の絵画である「扇面古写経」・「鳥獣人物戯画」・「信貴山縁起絵巻」・「男衾三郎絵詞」・「北野天神縁起(弘安本)」・「東北院職人歌合絵巻」などには「桶」が描かれており、絵画の制作年代から類推して、この「桶」は鎌倉時代以降に作られた結桶ではなく曲桶であり、曲物の「桶」が遅くても平安時代以降には日用的に使用されていたとされている。
- For instance, the paintings from the Heian period through the Kamakura period, such as 'Senmen Koshakyo' (ancient sutra manuscripts on a fan), 'Choju Jinbutsu Giga' (caricatures of frolicking birds, animals and humans), 'Shigisan Engi Emaki' (picture scroll depicting the stories about Mt. Shigi), 'Obusuma Saburo Ekotoba' (picture scroll of the Kamakura period), the Koan version of 'Kitano Tenjin Engi' (history of Kitano Tenjin Shrine), and 'Tohoku-in Shokunin Utaawase-emaki (Touhoku-in poetry Contest among persons of various occupations), depict 'oke' (wooden bucket); judging from the periods when these paintings were produced, these oke are not 'yuioke' (wooden bucket with a bottom) which were developed after the Kamakura period, but are 'mageoke,' which suggests that the 'oke' in a form of magemono was used on a daily basis after the Heian period.
- 更に宇多天皇の信任が厚く、符宣上卿(太政官符を発給する際の上卿)として28回も名を連ね、『日本三代実録』編纂開始時には源融・藤原良世と先任の上卿2人がいるにも関わらず撰国史所総裁を務めていること、寛平7年(895年)には位階昇進の人事草案を提出する擬階奏を行っている(いずれも摂関もしくは一上が務める慣例であった)ことから、藤原基経没後は能有が事実上の政権担当者として寛平の治を押し進めたと考えられている。
- In addition, he won Emperor Uda's esteem and was assigned to serve as Fusen jokyo, a commander who led dajokanpu (official documents from the Grand Council of State) 28 times, and from the fact that he served as the president of Senkokushisho (an organization which edits national history books) when the editing of 'Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku' (sixth of the six classical Japanese history texts) began even though there were 2 other senior commanders like MINAMOTO no Toru and FUJIWARA no Yoshiyo, also in 895, he submitted a personnel proposal for promotion in rank (generally, both of these roles were played by Regents and Chancellor Ichinokami - Minister of the Left), Yoshiari pushed forward the peaceful era of Kanpyo as a factual administration after FUJIWARA no Mototsune died.
- しかし、1907年以来の政府の皇族増加抑制策は、明治維新前後の時期に新たに興された各宮家が、いわゆる「四親王家」とは異なり、元来は世襲を予定しなかったにもかかわらず、天皇の「特旨」などによって漸次永世皇族に移行してゆき、結局、皇室典範での永世皇族制の成立に結びついた経緯への反省を踏まえたものでもあり、宮家の不足も生じていなかったことから天皇の大権を発動して例外をつくるケースが実際に発生したとは考えにくい。
- However, the government policy to halt the increasing numbers of Imperial members since 1907, was established after reflecting on the experience of each new Miyake established before and after the Meiji Restoration, that were different from the 'four Imperial Prince families' that were not originally planned as hereditary families, they gradually became the permanent Imperial Family by the order of the Emperor, since there was no shortage of Miyake, it is hard to think that there was a case when Emperor had to make an exception by using the Emperor's Taiken (Emperor's right).
- 後世においては製造に高度な技術を必要として製造経費もかかる白紙ではなく、低廉で非常時の綸旨発給に備えやすい中古紙からの再生紙である薄墨紙(宿紙/漉返紙)が用紙として用いられるようになり、後に綸旨には薄墨紙用いる事を書式とする慣例が成立したために、薄墨紙を「綸旨紙」、綸旨自体を「薄墨綸旨」と呼ぶ例も見られるようになった(ただし、天皇から蔵人頭・蔵人以外の官人(弁官など)に対して作成・発給が命じられた場合には薄墨紙は用いられていない)。
- In the later age, usuzumi gami (gray paper) (shukushi (recycled paper) or sukigaeshi gami (paper made from dissolved paper), recycled paper made from used paper, which was inexpensive and easy to be stocked for urgent issuance of rinji, came to be used instead of white paper whose manufacturing cost was expensive because an advanced technique was required for manufacturing, and thereafter it became a custom to use usuzumi gami for rinji as a documentary format; therefore, in some cases, usuzumi gami was called 'rinji gami' (rinji paper), and rinji itself was called 'usuzumi rinji' (however, usuzumi gami was not used for rinji which was created and issued by the Emperor to government officials (esp. low to medium rank) (such as benkan, etc.) other than Kurodo no to (Head Chamberlain) and Kurodo).
- 呼称は、柔術に対する講道館の柔道を参考に、明治32年に武術再興のため設立した大日本武徳会が江戸時代以来の剣術や撃剣を学校の体育教育に採用できるよう稽古法を改め、大和心(大和魂)など精神修行とする(高野佐三郎の歌にも「剣道は神の教えの道なれば やまと心をみがくこの技」とある)ため、名称を大正8年(1919年)ごろ剣道としたという記録に残っており、明治末から大正初期ごろに成立したものらしい(なお剣道という用語は、例えば寛文7年(1667年)安倍立伝書に剣術は日用の術なので剣道という号にするという表現がみえるなど、江戸時代にも流派によっては使われたこともある)。
- The name 'Kendo' seems to have been established in or around the end of Meiji period to the early Taisho period, as it recorded that Dai Nippon Butoku Kai, which was established in 1899 to restore Bujutsu, using examples from Jujutsu versus Judo of the Kodokan Judo Institute, established the Kendo name in around 1919 so that Kenjutsu and Gekken, which were handed down from the Edo period, would be introduced into physical education in the school system by changing the training methods and making it a form of mental training such as Yamato-gokoro (Japanese spirit) (Yamato-damashii [Japanese spirit]) (a poem of Sasaburo TAKANO describes, 'Kendo is a God-instructed way; this technique refines Yamato-gokoro') (the term 'Kendo' was used by some schools as early as the Edo period; for instance, Abe-tate densho (book) in 1667 described that since Kenjutsu was for daily use the name of Kendo would be used).