Honyaku Star - Search: 作法

作法: 494 Terms and Phrases

作法
manner of production (esp. of prose, poetry, etc.)
way of making
manners
etiquette
propriety
ceremony
proprieties
Ｅtiｑuette
ritual

操作法
operation procedure

不作法
ill-mannered
rude
misbehavior
misbehaviour
rough manners
ill manners

無作法
ill-mannered
rude
solecism

行儀作法
etiquette
good manners

無作法に
bluntly
rudely
savagely

無作法な
bearish
graceless
ill-mannered
impertinent
impolite
incorrect
indecorous
rude
rustic
unseemly

無作法者
bounder
roughneck

不作法で
common as muck

文章作法
methods of writing
rules of good writing
writing style guide

礼儀作法
etiquette
courtesy
manner
protocol

不作法者
bounder

切腹の作法
Ritual

檜扇の作法
Manners of Hiogi

阿知女作法
Achimenowaza (songs to accompany kagura performances)

作法の注意
Attention to manner

時計製作法
horology

礼儀作法！
Good form!

詩作の作法
a system of versification

注意・諸作法
Cautions and manners

無作法な行為
a disrespectful act

系統的脱感作法
systematic desensitization

盛り付けの作法
Manners for arranging dishes

日本の食事作法
Japanese Table Manners

贈答の際の作法
Manner on the occasion of gift-giving

保証ダム操作法
insurance method of reservoir operation

ひどく不作法で
no better than a Billingsgate fish-fag

無作法な振舞い
ungracious behavior
indecorous behavior

女性らしい作法
ladylike manners

無作法な態度で
in an impolite manner

下馬 (作法)
Geba (dismounting a horse as a manner)

水位別ダム操作法
layer method of reservoir operation

無作法に振る舞う
misbehave

不作法にふるまう
play the bear

浮世絵版画制作法
The production method for Ukiyoe woodblock prints

不作法な身振りは
an indecent gesture

不作法に近いさま
verging on the indecent

『祭典作法全』
'Saiten-saho Zen' (all the manners for ceremonies)

プログラミング作法
Programming style

『御文』拝読の作法
Reading the 'Ofumi'

礼儀作法を心得ない
inconsiderate

不作法な行いをする
misbehave

無作法な者のように
like a boor,

金剛界伝法潅頂作法
Kongokai Dembo Kanjo Saho

彼は無作法な男だ。
He has rough manners.

人情味のない無作法さ
callous disrespect

咒師作法と達陀の行法
Shushi saho and Dattan no gyoho (the ritual of Dattan)

行儀作法が人を作る。
Manners make the man.

議論の無作法な代理物
a crude substitute for argument

全く無作法なホステス
a totally graceless hostess

無作法で、失礼である
rude and discourteous

「作法の厳しい家だ。
'They're quite strict about manners.

手水の作法としては、
The steps to use the purifying water are:

大導師作法と過去帳読誦
Daidoshi saho (the ritual performed by Daidoshi in Shuni-e) and Dokuju (Chanting Sutras) of a family register of deaths.

無作法な行為または表現
an impolite act or expression

彼は作法がぎこちない。
He is awkward in his manners.

人を指差すのは無作法だ。
It is bad manners to point at people.

不作法で教養のない愚か者
a rude or vulgar fool

事務所からの不作法な退去
unceremonious dismissal from office

彼は彼女を無作法に扱った
he treated her impolitely

反抗的に、または無作法に
in a disobedient or naughty way

彼は無作法な返事をした。
He made a rude reply.

陰陽道の護身作法の一種。
An art of self defence in Onmyodo.

行儀作法の監督を任された人
chaperon

無作法な冷笑している態度で
in an uncomplimentary sneering manner

礼儀作法を極度に気にする人
a person excessively concerned about propriety and decorum

後宇多天皇宸翰伝法灌頂作法
Go-Uda Tenno (Emperor Go-Uda) Sinkan Dembo Kanjo Saho

彼は彼女の無作法に怒った。
He is displeased at her rude behavior.

日本の食事作法をも参照せよ。
Refer to eating manners in Japan as well.

儀式作法は宗派によって違う。
The manners of the ceremony are different in each sect.

挨拶は礼儀作法の根本である。
Greetings are the basis of good manners.

私の母は、礼儀作法に厳しい。
My mother is strict with manners.

無作法、あるいは不適当な行為
an indecent or improper act

彼女は、無作法に服を着ていた
she was rather indecently dressed

無論作法はこの限りではない。
Of course, this is not the only allowable etiquette.

彼は自分の不作法を弁解した。
He excused himself for his bad behavior.

彼の無作法には我慢ならない。
I can't abide his rudeness.

彼の無作法は仲間を怒らせた。
His gross manners offended his companions.

彼は行儀作法を全く知らない。
He has no manners at all.

この作法は本行の間、連日続く。
This manner continues every day during hongyo.

引導作法を行わない宗派がある。
There is a sect that does not perform the Indo ritual.

その少年は行儀作法を知らない。
The boy doesn't know how to behave.

じろじろ見るのは無作法である。
It is rude to stare at strangers.

私の母は行儀作法にやかましい。
My mother is strict about manners.

「礼儀作法をわきまえてない！」
'Bad form!'

作法としきたりが要求されること
a requirement of etiquette or custom

彼の貴族的な作法には感心する。
I admire his aristocratic manners.

「自分は切腹の作法を知らない。」
I do not know the procedure of seppuku.'

参考（以下は、寺院作法である。）
For reference (the following are the manners for the temple)

「それだけじゃない、無作法です。
'Not only that, but you're rude.

食事中に音を立てるのは不作法だ。
It is bad manners to make noises at table.

ナイフで物を食べるのは不作法だ。
It is bad manners to eat with a knife.

不快または無作法な言葉または文句
an offensive or indecent word or phrase

夜遅く人を訪問するのは無作法だ。
It is bad manners to visit late at night.

彼がそうしたのは無作法であった。
It was impolite of him to do so.

その給仕の作法は独特のものである。
The manner of serving is peculiar.

そのように無作法をしてはいけない。
You must not misbehave so.

食事中に音を立てるのは無作法です。
It is bad manners to make a noise while you eat.

すべての形体と儀式を厳格に守る作法
a manner that strictly observes all forms and ceremonies

「行儀作法をわきまえているから？」
'Good form?'

礼儀作法、慣習、または流行が求める
required by etiquette or usage or fashion

公文書の作法に倣って書かれたもの。
It was written following the style of an official document.

彼は自分の無作法に気づいていない。
He is unconscious of his bad manners.

彼の無作法に私はもう我慢できない。
I can't put up with his rudeness any more.

料理の盛り付けの作法は、次のとおり。
The manners for arranging dishes are as follows:

本来の儀式はこうした礼儀作法を指す。
Gishiki meant the rules and customs in their original sense.

中国では、茶の作法を「茶芸」という。
In China, people call the method of tea as 'Chagei.'

いずれも動作の作法が定められている。
In either case, the manners of movement are specified.

教義の観点から、引導作法を行わない。
Their version of teaching does not include Indo ritual.

彼は無作法な答えをしたかもしれない。
He might have answered rudely.

その店員は無作法が理由で解雇された。
The clerk was dismissed on the grounds of her rude manners.

礼儀作法に気を付けなければいけない。
You must look to your manners.

一般に認められた習慣と礼儀作法に従う
following accepted customs and proprieties

彼らは君の悪い作法に腹をたてている。
They are angry at your ill manners.

そのひとつに食事の作法があるだろう。
Manners in eating meals is one.

また、その具体的な作法も定めている。
The book also defines a specific procedure of the naorai.

以下は、寺院作法を踏まえた注意である。
The cautions described below are based on the manners one should obey in a temple.

子供に行儀作法を教えるのは親の義務だ。
It is up to parents to teach their children manners.

そんな事を言うとは、あなたは無作法だ。
It's very rude of you to say a thing like that.

安っぽく、不作法なために下品であること
tastelessness by virtue of being cheap and vulgar

先生は、無作法なことをした学生を叩いた
The teacher smacked the student who had misbehaved

礼儀正しさや礼儀作法が欠如しているさま
lacking civility or good manners

粗野な不作法者であるための優雅さのなさ
inelegance by virtue of being an uncouth boor

彼女は少年が無作法なのを許してやった。
She forgave the boy for his rudeness.

日本の食事作法で食する伝統的な料理様式。
Styles of the traditional dishes to be eaten with Japanese etiquette

そのため礼儀作法が非常に重視されている。
For this purpose, they attached great importance to etiquette and formality.

→詳細は切腹切腹の作法の節を参照のこと。
For details, refer to 'Ritual.'

参拝には以下のような決まった作法がある。
There is a certain manner to visit and carry out prayer as described below.

また、法語などを授ける行為・作法をいう。
Indo also means the act and the proper ritual of bestowing Buddhist words.

お水取りが終わると咒師作法は再開される。
After Omizutori is over, Shushi saho is reopened.

奴の、不作法な振る舞に腹が立ったのだ！」
'I resent his familiarity and ill-breeding.'

コンサートの最中に喋るのは無作法である。
To talk during a concert is rude.

口に物をほおばってしゃべるのは不作法だ。
It is bad manners to speak with your mouth full.

彼女は彼の無作法な振る舞いに腹を立てた。
She got angry at his rude behavior.

良趣味に反することにおいて、無作法に傾く
in violation of good taste even verging on the indecent

彼の無作法が、彼のよい性格を損なっている
His bad manners detract from his good character

彼の態度は無礼だとは言えないが無作法だ。
He is impolite, not to say rude.

彼は無作法だが、それでも私は彼を愛する。
He is rude, but I love him all the same.

彼はとても不作法なのでみなが嫌っている。
He is so impolite that everyone hates him.

作法は時代にしたがって変遷があったらしい。
It is thought that the manners have changed with the times.

作法の例として、香炉の扱い方を取り上げる。
As examples of ritual manners, descriptions about how to handle the Koro (incense burner) are given below.

見知らぬ人をじろじろ見るのは不作法である。
It is rude to stare at strangers.

僕達は彼の無作法にはうんざりしているのだ。
We are disgusted by his bad manners.

見知らぬ人をじろじろ見るのは無作法である。
It is rude to stare at strangers.

良質の食事を選び、準備して食する行為と作法
the art and practice of choosing and preparing and eating good food

教養な洗練が欠けた無骨で荒々しく不作法な人
a crude uncouth ill-bred person lacking culture or refinement

彼の無作法について彼女は私に文句を言った。
She complained to me of his rudeness.

職位に応じた冠、衣服、礼儀作法を制定した。
Crowns, clothes, and decorum appropriate for job titles were established.

彼女の行儀作法は良家の子女のそれではない。
Her manners are not those of a lady.

途中で席を立つのが無作法なのは共通している。
In common with foreign customs, it is considered a breach of decency to leave the dining table in mid-course.

これは禅寺の食事作法を取り入れたものである。
Kaiseki is influenced strongly by the manners found in Zen temples.

そのため、一般的に言えば作法はうるさくない。
Therefore, no strict eating manners are required in general.

小笠原流作法を基礎とした煎茶道の流派である。
The ceremony uses unground sencha tea, as oppoosed to powdered matcha, and is based on Ogasawara-ryu manners.

低俗で、気配りまたは気品のない、無作法な態度
an impolite manner that is vulgar and lacking tact or refinement

勝利を自慢するのは、良い行儀作法とはいえない
it is not good form to brag about winning

怒りは、そのような無作法な進入で燃え上がった
resentment flared at such an unmannered intrusion

彼女の招待を断るとはあなたも不作法な人です。
It's very impolite of you to decline her invitation.

授位任官/喚辞（官人の名前を呼ぶ場合の作法）
This Article 'Jui-ninkan/Kanji' (bestowal of ranks and appointment of posts/calls of names) set forth manners in which names of the government officers were called.

その地域の作法に従う（郷に入っては郷に従う）。
They follow the local custom of the region; as the proverb says, 'When in Rome, do as the Romans do.'

「礼儀作法は、授業で教わるものじゃありません。
`Manners are not taught in lessons,' said Alice.

食事中にそんなことをするのは無作法なことです。
It is bad manners to do so at table.

その子はお客様に無作法にしたことで謝るべきだ。
He should apologize for being rude to the guests.

あんな不作法な少年たちのことなど気に留めるな。
Don't take any notice of those rude boys.

彼女は彼の無作法なふるまいが我慢できなかった。
She couldn't do with his rude behavior.

彼はとても粗野だ。彼の不作法には我慢できない。
He's so rude. I can't put up with his bad manners.

拝礼の基本的な作法は「二拝二拍手一拝」である。
A basic manner of prayer is 'Twice bowing, twice clapping and one-time bowing.'

ただし、神社によっては作法が異なることがある。
However, the steps and manners may differ depending on shrines.

初夜の大導師作法の間には「神名帳」が読誦される。
During Daidoshi saho in shoya, 'Jinmyocho' (the list of deities) was read.

口にものをほおばったままで話すのは無作法である。
It is rude to speak with your mouth full.

口いっぱいに物を放り込んで話をするのは無作法だ。
It is rude to talk when your mouth is full.

彼女は、無作法なことをしている学生をしかりつけた
She told the misbehaving student off

彼女は、大部分の男性を無作法な軽蔑を持って扱った
she treated most men with offhand contempt

なお、室町幕府においても湯起請には作法があった。
The method of yugisho in the Muromachi bakufu was as follows.

また、軍事作法について記した書状も存在している。
Some papers he wrote about military affairs are also in existence.

礼儀作法を備えている反面、品行は悪かったらしい。
Although he was good-mannered, his behavior was inappropriate.

彼はあんなに無作法にふるまったことを恥じている。
He is ashamed of having behaved so badly.

彼はあんなに不作法にふるまったことを恥じている。
He is very much ashamed of having behaved so badly.

彼の礼儀作法を見れば彼が紳士であることが分かる。
His manners proclaim him a gentleman.

ー厳密に言えば,「作法」といって,歌曲ではない。
To be precise, the Achime is not a song but refers to rules of etiquette.

著書は『悉曇要訣』『梵字形音義』『反音作法』など。
Among many others, he wrote the 'Shittan Yoketsu' (a book of Sanskrit study), 'Bonjigyo Ongi,' and 'Hanon Saho' (a book of phonology).

下巻は年中の仏事（法会）の来歴・作法を月次に解説。
The third volume describes the history and manners of annual Buddhist services (masses) for each month.

かれは宣誓の作法にのっとり、とつぜん右手をあげた。
His right hand suddenly ordered divine retribution to stand by.

彼らの無作法で下品な言葉の抑制をする気にさせられる
moved to curb their untoward ribaldry

（無作法な子供について使用され）無礼で手に負えない
(used of an ill-mannered child) impolitely unruly

寺内で使われる言葉、儀式の作法なども中国式である。
Even the words used within the temple and ritual conventions are in Chinese style.

彼女の礼儀作法は決して感じの良いものではなかった。
Her manners were anything but pleasant.

君はあいつと会ったんだろう、無作法だったかもしれん。
I know you have seen him; he told me so; and I fear he was rude.

彼が不作法なのは意識的であって、偶発的ではなかった。
His rudeness was conscious, not accidental.

室町幕府における武家の作法・制度について解説している。
The book provides a guide to manners and systems of samurai family in the Muromachi bakufu

「行儀作法なども、他の侠客とは変えなければならない。」
We have to put on different manner, when we act as Chobei.'

ふるまいまたは出演において行儀が悪く、無作法で、卑劣な
ill-mannered and coarse and contemptible in behavior or appearance

茶道における野点においては、余りこれといった作法は無い。
Sado has almost no set rules of etiquette for Nodate.

よくもまああなたはそんな無作法な振る舞いができるものだ。
How dare you behave so rudely?

紳士方は、上流階級の作法でもってこの料理を評価していく。
who justly value themselves upon their knowledge in good eating;

また「玉串拝礼」や「懸玉串」や「立玉串」等の作法もある。
Furthermore, there are other manners such as 'tamagushihairei', 'kendamagushi', and 'tatetamagushi' (which may have different styles of offering).

彼は都会人の作法を身につけているけれども根は田舎育ちだ。
For all his city ways, he is a country boy at heart.

中院流においても作法の細部に関しての差異は問題視されない。
In the Chuin school, the differences in method details are regarded minor in importance.

彼はパイプに戻り、最後に炉格子の中へ無作法につばを吐いた。
He returned to his pipe and finally spat rudely into the grate.

※神社によっては、上記と全く異なる作法で玉串を捧げている。
* Some shrines make an offering of tamagushi in a totally different manner from the above description.

『拾芥抄』『後押小路内府抄』によれば、その作法は次のとおり。
According to 'Shugaisho' (an ancient encyclopedia written in the 14th century) and 'Gooshikoji naifu sho,' the customary bow is as follows:

特に生間流の場合は造りの捌き方に「式包丁」という作法がある。
Above all, the Ikama School has a special slicing method to make sashimi, which is called 'shikibocho.'

私はそんな不作法なやり方で話しかけられることになれていない。
I am not used to being spoken to in that rude way.

ある人が間違いをしたからといってそれを笑うのは無作法である。
It is not good manners to laugh at someone when he makes mistakes.

祭祀によっては故実による独自の作法が伝わっているものもある。
Some rituals have their original procedures of the naorai derived from a tradition.

この作法が主客の名残惜しさの表現、余情残心であると述べている。
This manner is the expression of the host's lingering farewell, or 'yojo-zan-shin', as taught by II.

全く罰を与えなくても子供達にちゃんとした礼儀作法を仕込めます。
You can teach good manners to children without resorting to punishment.

意識しないでもあの甲板長のスメーは、行儀作法をわきまえている。
Had the bo'sun good form without knowing it,

専用の鈴台は、畳の上に直に置いて用いるのが、正式な作法である。
In accordance with the proper manner, the special rindai is placed directly on tatami mats.

現在は武田流、小笠原流等が各々に伝わる作法に則って保存しており、
In the present day various schools of horseback archery including the Takeda and Ogasawara schools hand down and preserve the rules, etiquette and traditions.

檜扇には宮中での必需品だけに、さまざまな取り扱いの作法があった。
Hiogi was indispensable in the Imperial court, so there were many manners of handling.

十念（じゅうねん）とは南無阿弥陀仏を十回称える事（作法）をいう。
Junen is (a manner of) chanting a homage to Amida Buddha ten times.

数珠の仕様は真言宗では事相（真言密教の儀礼・作法）の分野に入る。
In the Shingon sect, designs of juzu belong to the category of phenomenon (courtesy and/or manners of Shingon Esoteric Buddhism).

日本に歯磨き洗面、食事の際の作法や掃除の習慣を広めたといわれる。
He is reputed to have been the one that spread the practices of tooth brushing, face washing, table manners and cleaning in Japan.

心と身体の穢れを取り除き、清浄な心でお参りする際の作法とされる。
It is to get rid of impurities of the body and soul, so it is supposed to be a manner when praying with a pure heart.

香を一定の作法に則って香を聞くことを「聞香」（もんこう）という。
Monko' means listening to incense in accordance with a set ritual.

日本人の中には無作法にみえると言っていいほどに、内気な人がいる。
Some Japanese are shy even to the point of appearing rude.

禁じ手・四十八手・作法・礼法等が神亀3年(726年)に制定される。
In 726, they defined a list of prohibited techniques, 48 major sumo techniques, etiquette, and good manners.

立川流の秘儀や作法などが述べられた文献は殆ど焚書で無くなっている。
Almost all of the literature describing the secret ceremonies and rules of the Tachikawa-ryu school were lost through book burning.

明覚には、『反音作法』『梵字形音義』『悉曇要訣』などの著作がある。
Myokaku wrote 'Hanon saho' (a book of ingaku phonology), 'Bonjigyo ongi,' and 'Shittan yoketsu' (a book of Sanskrit study).

ちょっとした不作法が、相手には、大変な不快と感じられることがある。
Little liberties are great offenses.

それこそ礼儀作法を本当にわきまえているってことではないでしょうか？
which is the best form of all?

彼は無作法だったことをあやまったが、彼女は彼を許そうとしなかった。
He apologized for his rudeness, but she wouldn't forgive him.

これを行わないために食事の最初には汁物を一口すするのが作法とされる。
It is considered as a good manner to take a sip of soup as the start of a meal to avoid Mogibashi.

また浄土真宗としては、他宗の作法・教義に対して、批判する意思はない。
Further, Jodo Shinshu Sect has no intention to criticize other sects' manners and doctrines.

親指、人指し指、中指の三指で香をつまむが、作法は宗派によって異なる。
The incense is picked up by the thumb, index finger and middle finger, but the manner depends on the religious school.

3月12日以降の3日間は、後夜の咒師作法の間に達陀の行法が行われる。
Dattan no gyoho is done during Shushi saho of goya for three days after March 12.

儀式料理のレシピや作法が中心だった16世紀以前の料理書と大きく異なる。
It is quite different from food books written before the 16th century whose main themes were recipes and manners of ceremonial foods.

なお、巫女の補助がつく場合には、作法は巫女の指示にしたがうようにする。
If assisted by a female attendant, behave in manners as advised by her.

また、将軍の御前で元服を行う大名・世子に礼儀作法を教える役目も担った。
The officer was also in charge of teaching the etiquette concerned with the genpuku ceremony (the ceremony of celebrating the coming of age) for the heirs of daimyo who would attend the ceremony in front of shogun.

近代までにそれぞれ独立した競技、儀礼的神事として作法や規則が整備された。
In separate competitions, the rules and etiquette of each of the forms has been maintained through to present times.

また、昨今の日本料理の海外進出により、日本の食事作法も理解されつつある。
Also, recent advance of Japanese cuisine overseas is gaining foreigners' understanding of Japanese table manners.

修験道においては、立螺作法（りゅうらさほう）と呼ばれる実践が修行される。
In shugendo (Japanese ascetic and shamanistic practice in mountainous sites), practice called ryura saho (manner of blowing the hora, conch-shell) is implemented.

当時の作法では切腹は士分の者にしか許されず、足軽は斬首と定められていた。
The custom at that time was that only people of Shibun were allowed Seppuku (suicide by disembowelment) and Zanshu (beheading) was for Ashigaru upon execution.

武士の作法として、名乗りが行われている間に攻撃することは許されなかった。
Samurai propriety did not allow them to attack while nanori was taking place.

明けて正午になると鐘が鳴らされ食堂で「食作法（じきさほう）」が行われる。
After the dawn and at noon the bell is rung and 'Jikisaho' (having a simple meal with the long prayer) is done in Jiki-do Hall.

浪士達は切腹の作法を知らず、前日に教えられた上で切腹したといわれている。
It is said that they committed seppuku after learning their manners a few days ago, as they had not known any.

『御文』拝読作法の詳細については、『御文』拝読の作法のセクションを参照。
Please refer to the section of reading 'Ofumi' for detail.

近世に入り、武士身分の処刑として切腹が確立すると、切腹にも作法が登場する。
In the early modern period, seppuku became established as a method of capital punishment for those of the samurai class, and certain rituals came to surround the practice.

後には、切腹に付き添って首を斬り落とす介錯（かいしゃく）の作法が確立した。
It later became established that the role of kaishaku (suicide assistant) would serve to behead one who has committed seppuku.

でもおまえ、あえて申せばまだ礼儀作法の授業はあまり受けておらぬであろうが」
`but I daresay you've not had many lessons in manners yet?'

でもなによりもまずフックは、礼儀作法を重んじる心を持ちつづけていたのです。
But above all he retained the passion for good form.

犬追物（いぬおうもの）は鎌倉時代から始まったとされる日本の弓術の作法の一つ。
Inuoumono is one of the manners of the art of Japanese archery that started from the Kamakura period.

大将は中門のなかでこれを実検して、見せる者は中門の外にいるのが作法とされる。
The commander would view inside the chumon gate (inner gate); whereas it was etiquette for people showing the head to stay outside the chumon gate.

茶杓、茶入の拭き方はいろいろな作法があり、袱紗さばきはそのなかで複雑である。
There are a series of manners for cleaning chashaku or chaire, which require complicated fukusa sabaki.

用材は、「三ツ尾伐り（三つ紐伐りともいう）」という古くからの作法で切り出す。
The wood is cut in the ancient manner called 'Mitsuogiri (or Mitsuhimogiri).'

勇気、忠誠、自己規律、また簡素な生活を強調した日本人のさむらいの伝統的な作法
traditional code of the Japanese samurai which stressed courage and loyalty and self-discipline and simple living

そして室町幕府の三代将軍となる足利義満に宮中の故実作法や文化教養を教授する。
He taught Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA who was the third Shogun of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) about the ancient practices, courtesies and culture of the Imperial Court.

彼がそこにいたならば、彼はあなたに行儀作法に気をつけるように言っただろうに。
Had he been there, he would have told you to mind your manners.

江戸時代には、切腹は複雑で洗練された儀式となり介錯がつく切腹の作法が確立した。
During the Edo period, seppuku became established as a complicated and refined ritual in which kaishaku assistants were present.

袴はふつう左足から穿くものとされる（左から動作を起すのは日本の伝統的な作法）。
Hakama should usually be put on from the left leg (it is a Japanese custom to start actions from the left).

茶箱手前を制度化している裏千家の作法に則って以下使い方について簡単に解説する。
Herein below, the manner of using kinto is briefly explained according to manners of Urasenke school in which chabako-demae is institutional.

他の人たちは彼の無作法な言葉にあっけにとられ、何も言うことが見つからなかった。
The others, taken aback by his rude speech, could find nothing to say.

出し抜けに、無作法に、ちょうど、侍が下下（したじた）を呼びつけるような風に――
abruptly and unceremoniously, in the manner of a samurai summoning an inferior:--

（本膳料理には『硯蓋』という揚げ菓子があり、それを持って帰るのが作法である）。
(In honzen ryori [a highly ritualized form of serving Japanese cuisine], there is fried cake called 'suzuributa' that is meant to be taken with guests when they leave.)

会津戦争での会津若松城受け取りの時、堂々とした態度で軍監としての作法を勤めた。
On the ceremony of receiving Aizu Wakamatsu-jo Castle in the Aizu War, he performed it in a proper manner as a commander.

ある武士と喧嘩をして「腹を切る作法も知らぬ下司め」と言われ、腹を切って見せた。
When a certain samurai had a quarrel with him and said, 'you are of low birth and don't even know how to commit seppuku suicide,' he actually demonstrated it by cutting his own belly.

事相（真言密教を実践するための作法。修法の作法など）の違いによる分派であった。
This split was caused by the difference of Jiso (事相), a way to implement Shingon Mikkyo (e.g., a manner of ascetic training).

なお作法にうるさい向きでは、箸は余り汁に深く浸す事も無作法だと云うことである。
Some people who are particular about manners may say it is also rude to dip chopsticks deep into a bowl of soup.

ただし現代の日本では、必ずしも日本人の全てがこれら作法に精通している訳ではない。
In modern Japan, however, it may be said that not all Japanese are cognizant in those manners.

聴衆は、まるでコンサートが平服でのリハーサルであるかのように無作法にふるまった。
The audience behaved indecorously, as if the concert were an informal dress rehearsal.

―厚かましい作法で攻撃されることなく非常に幼い子どもと応対できる者は存在しない。
- No one can have attended to very young children without being struck at the unabashed manner

私はこの無作法な断りかたに腹が立ちましたが、そのまま家（うち）に帰って来ました。
Annoyed at the churlish rebuff, I turned my back and walked home.

ずらす作法にも、途中からずらす作法と、最初から最後までずらしたままの作法がある。
The latter case is further divided between times when the palms are joined exactly at first and then slid half way through; and another time when the palms are not precisely joined from beginning to end.

それまでの作法の延長の女子教育と違い、進歩的で自由なレベルの高い授業が評判となる。
Her school received a high reputation for providing a progressive, liberal and high-quality education unlike the traditional notion which was to teach manners to women.

伊勢氏は武家の礼儀作法を司り、代々室町幕府の足利将軍家の嫡男に作法等を教えていた。
The Ise clan took charge of civility and rules of etiquette of samurai families, and the clan taught the art of manners to the legitimate sons of the Ashikaga Shogunal family for generation after generation during the Muromachi bakufu period.

忠平の息子の藤原実頼と藤原師輔は、父の意志を受け継いでそれぞれの儀式作法を確立した。
The sons of Tadahira, FUJIWARA no Saneyori and FUJIWARA no Morosuke, followed in their father's footsteps and established their own ceremony etiquette styles independently.

平安時代には弓術流派が興り、各種流派にはそれぞれに独自の技術・教え・作法が存在した。
In the Heian Period some schools of Kyujutsu were founded and each school had their own technique, lesson style, and mannerisms.

住み込みの為に番頭や手代から礼儀作法や商人としての「いろは」を徹底的に叩き込まれる。
Under the live-in system, the ABC's of shopkeeping, such as etiquette and formality, were thoroughly hammered in by banto (a head clerk) and tedai (a clerk).

また、氏康の娘が嫁ぐ際に「幻庵おほへ書」という礼儀作法の心得を記した書を記している。
He left a note titled 'the Genan Memorandum' in which he wrote knowledge of civility and rules of etiquette when Ujiyasu's daughter married.

設置の向きや日々の供物や拝礼の作法は神棚と同じように行なうが、順番は神棚の後にする。
The direction of installation and the manner for making daily offers to the alter and worship are the same as for household Shinto alters, but offers and worship should be done after household Shinto altars.

細かい所では、両手を合わせる際に、指先まで合わせる作法と、意図的にずらす作法がある。
More specific examples of hakushu etiquette include occasions when the palms are joined exactly so that the tips of the fingers (including the thumb) meet the tips of the same fingers of the other hand and occasions when the palms are intentionally not joined so exactly.

今でもおかずを御飯にのせて食べることを行儀作法の点から問題視されることは日本では多い。
In Japan, even today, it's often considered rude to put a side dish on top of cooked rice and eat it.

成婚当時は教育係の万里小路幸子という老女官に宮中での礼儀作法を厳しく躾けられ困惑した。
At the begging of her marriage life, the Empress Teimei was taught civilities and rules of etiquette in the Imperial Court in a stern manner by Yukiko MADENOKOJI, a senior court lady and the educator,; this put the Empress Teimei in a difficult position.

応量器を用いた食事は厳格な作法が定められており、禅宗における重要な修行のひとつである。
The table manners are rigid in regard to oryoki, and they're part of the important ascetic practices in the Zen sect.

正しい作法のための彼女のリトマス試験はあなたが分離不定詞であるかどうかということである
her litmus test for good breeding is whether you split infinitives

食べ方としては、歯形が付かないように端から食べて行き、水平に削って行くのが作法とされる。
The table manner for onigiri is to eat from the edge and trim horizontally without leaving tooth mark.

現代人が扇子を持つ時ついつい要を持ってしまうが、檜扇は要を持たないのが正式な作法である。
People today tend to hold fans at the pivot, but the formal manner of hiogi is not holding the fan at the pivot.

茶碗はすべて盆にのせられ、客は銘々茶碗をとって飲用するという作法だったと推測されている。
The presumed manner is that tea bowls were all put on a tray and each guest takes a tea bowl from the tray.

馬術家の礼儀・作法も重んじており、公式の場では燕尾服・山高帽や軍服などの正装を要求する。
The decencies of the equestrians are important as well; at the formal events, it requires the formal dress such as a tailcoat and a top hat or regimentals.

勤行作法については、自分の所属する寺（お手次寺）の住職に教えていただく事が、最良である。
It is best to learn how to do gongyo from the chief priest of the temple you belong to (called 'Otetsugidera').

そして木の下に白布と様々の覆いを広げ、その上に座り、武士の作法に従って切腹したのだった。
Then under that tree he spread a white cloth, and divers coverings, and sat down upon the coverings, and performed hara-kiri after the fashion of a samurai.

普段の拝礼の作法、供物などは神棚と同じように行なうが、順番は神棚を先、祖霊舎を後にする。
Manners for regular worship and offerings are same as when worshipping kamidana, but the worship of kamidana should precede the worship of mitamaya.

立螺作法には、当山派・本山派などの修験道各派によって流儀を異にし、吹奏の音色は微妙に違う。
Styles of ryura saho vary in different branches of shugendo such as Tozan school and Honzan school, thus making each sound slightly different.

ここでは、作法が確立した江戸時代の非自発的切腹（多くは刑罰としての切腹）の手順を説明する。
Here the procedure of involuntarily seppuku (used as punishment in many cases) established during the Edo period is explained.

また多くの日本人は、まえもって断りを入れた無作法に対しては寛容（あまり批判しない）である。
Furthermore, many Japanese are tolerant (or less critical) of any improper manners if is notified in advance.

つまりウマ上の弓道や合戦の作法を継承する家に生まれ、それを継いだ人物が武士であると言える。
That is, the person who was born into a family which succeeded horseback archery and the manners of fighting, can be called a bushi.

このため作法や譜は幸流にきわめて近いが、装飾的な替えの手組みを多く持つところに特色がある。
Therefore, its manner and music score are very similar to those of Ko school, but its characteristic is using varieties of decorative tegumi (a rhythm pattern).

阿知女作法で有名なものは庭燎の後に、また、採物、前張等でもフレーズを変えて繰り返される。
The most common way of Achimenowaza is that after the part of Niwabi, a variation of the phrase is repeated in the part of Torimono or Maebari, and so on.

そういう地域では、極端な前屈姿勢での食事も必ずしも無作法というわけではない場合も見られる。
In these regions, eating in an extreme stooped position is not always considered to be bad manners.

修法の作法（灌頂・護摩・観法・印契・真言などの行法）を指し、教相は、真言密教の理論である。
It means a manner of ascetic training (修法) (training manners (行法) such as Kanjo, rite, Kanpo (meditation, 観法) and Ingei (sign made with the fingers, 印契), Shingon), while Kyoso is a theory of Shingon Mikkyo.

「礼儀作法をわきまえているからという理由だけで、その男を引き裂くなんて、それこそなんだ？」
'To claw a man because he is good form, what would that be?'

宮中に伝わる神楽の一つ「阿知女作法」の「阿知女（あちめ）］は阿曇または阿度部のことである。
'Achime' in 'Achimenowaza,' one of Kagura (music and dancing performed at shrine) that has been handed down at the Court, refers to Azumi or Adobe.

折形（おりかた）は、日本の礼儀作法の1つで、贈答品を包む紙の折り方に関する礼儀作法である。
Orikata is a term used to refer to techniques of folding a sheet of paper to wrap a gift, which is one aspect of Japanese etiquette and rules.

一部の地方では、この褌祝の祭事は、子に性技の作法を伝える、性教育の儀式でもあったと言われる。
In some regions the loincloth celebrations were used to hand down gender specific etiquette and it said were at times a form of sex education.

正座をすることは、いくつかの伝統的な日本の茶道、日本舞踊、武道など芸道では必須の作法である。
Sitting seiza style is a required part of some traditional Japanese arts such as tea ceremony, classical Japanese dance, and budo (martial arts).

例えば、生花心得・詩歌・小謡・文書様作法・商売往来・筆を取る方法・筆づかい・十二月異名など。
Represented in some of these materials were: Appreciation of the art of flower arrangement, poetry, small pieces of song, manners for writing, business know-how, penmanship, brushwork, and synonyms for the names of the months.

だが、おなじ梅若がかりの芸風を受けつぎつつ、本家とは型や作法などに細かな違いがあるとされる。
However, while it keeps the Umewaka style, it is said that the style of acting and manner has subtle difference from the head family.

つまりはじめ人長作法において笛、篳篥、和琴および本末の歌人に庭燎を奏させて試み、着席を許す。
To put it simply, in the manner of a nincho he has fue flute, hichiriki instrument and wagon koto players play Niwabi as an initial trial so as to permit them to sit.

合掌の作法は、数珠の輪の中に通した左手をみぞおちの前あたりにあげて、その輪の中に右手を通す。
Do gassho by putting the left hand through the ring of the juzu (another name of nenju) and then raise it to the front of the pit of the stomach and put the right hand through the ring.

日本では一般に（洋風の物を除き）麺類などを食事ですする際は、音を立てても無作法とはされない。
Generally, it is not considered ill-mannered to make a slurping noise when eating noodles (except for Western type noodles) in Japan.

一般的な和室に於ける作法では、座布団の正面は「縫い目の無い（目立たない）一辺」であるとされる。
The etiquette for a normal Japanese room is to place the zabuton with the seamless side up.

本項では、日本での食事における一般的な作法を紹介するが、これは場所や状況によって多少変化する。
This section is to introduce commonly accepted manners of dining in Japan, which, however, may vary in some degree depending on places and situations.

小笠原流煎茶道（おがさわらりゅうせんちゃどう）は小笠原長清の父、加賀美遠光以来の作法とされる。
The Ogasawara-ryu sencha tea ceremony is believed to have been started by Nagakiyo OGASAWARA's father, Tomitsu KAGAMI.

中世は鏑矢を一手（ひとて）を普通の矢と共に箙に盛り上差矢（うわざしや）とするのが作法であった。
In the Medieval Period, including an arrow with Kaburaya combined along with regular arrows in the ebira (quiver) as uwazashiya was typical.

走りの行法は3月5日からの3日間、および3月12日からの3日間、後夜の悔過作法の前に行われる。
Gyoho of running is done for three days from March 5 and for three days from March 12 before Keka ritual of goya.

殿上人の作法故実書『蓬莱抄』、公事の指図書『雲図抄』を著すなど、識見豊かな官人として活躍した。
He was active as a government official with deep insight, and wrote 'Horaisho' (a book on ancient practices of Tenjobito) and 'Unzusho' (a book on court rules of ceremonies and etiquettes).

歌学（かがく）は、和歌の本質・作法、古歌の解釈、故実、歴史など和歌に関する総てを研究する学問。
Kagaku is a study that researches everything related to waka, such as its essence and mannerisms, the interpretation of old waka, ancient practices and history.

日本の食事作法（にほんのしょくじさほう）とは、日本において食事をする際の作法（マナー）である。
Japanese table manners refer to the manners of dining in Japan.

中華人民共和国では別に配膳されるが、おかずを御飯茶碗に載せながら食べるのが普通の食事作法である。
In the People's Republic of China, cooked rice and cooked side dishes are served in separate bowls and/or on plates, but it's the convention of the table that, before you eat the side dishes, you put it over the cooked rice in your rice bowl.

順徳天皇が『禁秘抄』で「禁中作法先神事」と述べたように、天皇は肇国以来「神事」を最優先してきた。
As Emperor Juntoku stated in the 'Kinpisho' (a book written by Emperor Juntoku, which records the history and origin of the Imperial Court's ceremonies and sets forth the rules and etiquette for carrying out such ceremonies) that consideration should be given to divine service before other manners at the Imperial Court, successive emperors have given the highest priority to Shinto rituals since the establishment of the country.

またこの他に各寺固有の作法として護身法（ごしんぽう）加行を四度加行に入るより前に行うことがある。
In addition, Goshinpo (self-defense)-kegyo may be conducted previous to Shidokegyo at some temples, based on their respective study protocols.

妖精の儀式で正式な礼儀作法を習っていましたので、優雅に立ちあがってウェンディにお辞儀をしました。
having learned the grand manner at fairy ceremonies, and he rose and bowed to her beautifully.

なんて思ってるぞとフックは言いたくてうずうずしましたが、言ってしまうのは無作法に思えたのでした。
Hook itched to do it, but it seemed too brutal.

彼等は、すばしっこくて無作法な鼠のように、どんぐりの上を、あちらへこちらへ、こそこそ歩いていた。
- but they crept like swift, erratic mice, running here and there among the beech-mast.

各々神饌に対しての礼儀作法、考え方が異なっていたこと、それらが今でも継承されてきたことが伺える。
This indicates that there were different courtesies or stances toward Shinsen, which have been passed down to the present day.

作法などに自信のないときは、あらかじめ日本の食事文化や作法は勉強中であることを断っておくといい。
Therefore, when you are not confident in those Japanese manners, it is advisable for you to declare in advance that you are just in the process of studying Japanese dietary culture and manners.

秋月家から養子に入った上杉治憲は実家の秋月家家老から上杉家の作法に背かないことの訓戒を受けている。
Harunori UESUGI, who was adopted from the Akizuki family, had been told cautiously by the karo of his home Akizuki family not to be against the manner of the Uesugi family.

このほか、障子や襖の敷居（しきい：障子や襖が移動する木材でできたレール）を踏むのも無作法とされる。
Besides, it is regarded ill manners to step on shikii (thresholds: wooden rails to slide shoji doors and fusuma panels) of shoji (a light paper sliding door) and fusuma (a heavier sliding panel).

また、伊勢神宮や伊勢観光のガイドも勤め、参拝の作法を教えたり、伊勢の名所や歓楽街を案内して回った。
Onshi also worked as a guide for visiting the Ise-jingu Shrine and sightseeing in Ise, and taught the peasants how to offer prayers and took them around famous places and entertainment districts in Ise.

僧侶の食事作法のひとつだが、道徳的普遍性の高い文章であるため禅に限らず多くの分野で引用されている。
It is simply a kind of table manners, but it's quoted by many people in other fields because it has great universality in its morality.

それにより、一般には流派の本質ではない「礼儀作法＝堅苦しい＝小笠原」イメージがついてしまっている。
Due to this, an image of 'courtesy and manners = strict and rigid = Ogasawara' developed, although as a rule this was not what the school advocated.

ただし、現在でも一部の神社では作法が異なっており、例えば、出雲大社や宇佐神宮では「四拍手」である。
However, a few shrines practice different prayer manner; for example, Izumo Taisha Shrine and Usa Jingu Shrine practice 'four claps.'

「山椒は小粒でもぴりりと辛い」の喩えの通り、舌先が痺れるほど大量に粉を振りかけるのは無作法とされる。
A proverb says, 'even small Japanese pepper is piquant,' and it is considered rude to put consummate amounts of powder, which can numb the taste buds.

音を出す理由は、感謝や喜びを表す為、凶事や悲しみを表す行事においては音を出さない作法（後述）もある。
Since the purpose of making clapping sounds is to express gratitude or joy, the etiquette is different at solemn events and when expressing sorrows (see below).

つまり人長作法、庭燎、よりあい、という順番で、これをいわば序曲として、阿知女作法を経て、採物に入る。
In fact, the process from the nincho's manner and Niwabi to yoriai is considered the prelude to torimono (symbolic offerings), and the torimono follows Achime no waza (Manners of Achime).

切腹の作法が制定された時期については諸説あるも、18世紀の初め（享保年間の前後）という説が有力である。
Various theories exist regarding when the procedures of seppuku became established but the most prominent among these state that it was at the beginning of the 18th century.

一方で必ずしも練習用、初心者用に限ったものではなく、「巻藁射礼」等、作法に乗っ取った礼法、演武もある。
On the other hand, makiwara are not only used for practice or for beginners, but require some archery techniques based on manners and enbu (military exercises), including makiwara-jarei (a way of ceremonial shooting to aim at a straw target).

剣術との相違点は主に床の間での想定で型が組まれている点にあり、奉納、作法を意識している点も挙げられる。
The difference from swordplay is that the kata of iaido is made on the assumption that it's played on the floor; another point is that iaido puts emphasis on the awareness on drawing and sheathing the sword.

三千家の点前作法は基本的によく似通っているが、心得が無くてもわかる比較的目立った違いをいくつか挙げる。
Basically, temae-saho (serving manners) of each of the three Sansenke schools are similar, but following are some differences that can be noticed even by non-professionals.

修道士はそういった幸福を指摘したのだが、ロミオはすねて、無作法な娘みたいにそのことを受けつけなかった。
All these blessings, as the friar made them out to be, did Romeo put from him like a sullen misbehaved wench.

「禁秘抄」は朝廷における儀式作法の根源・由来・を究め古来よりの慣習を後の世代に残さんとしたものである。
Kinpisho was an in-depth study of the root and origin of manners and etiquette of ceremonies performed at the Imperial Court, with an intent to pass the ancient customs down to succeeding generations.

よい礼儀作法について考えなくてはいけないことそれ自体が、礼儀作法をわきまえてないことを意味するのでは？
it not bad form to think about good form?

作法はすべからく戦場にあるが如く、大将の首級などは敵方から奪還に来襲することも大いにあり得るからである。
Etiquette was maintained as if on the battlefield; decapitated heads of commanders were highly likely to have been recovered from the enemy side.

「楽家録」によれば、その作法は、まず人長が進んで軾の前に行って3拍子を踏んで右足で軾を蹴って本方に立つ。
According to the 'Gakkaroku' (fifty books on gagaku written by Suehiro ABE in 1690), the Niwabi was performed as follows: a nincho (chief kagura dancer) would go to a point in front of the shoku (straw mat), dance in triple meter, kick the shoku with his right foot, and then stand to the side of the motokata (leaders who sat to the left of the garden fire during the performance of the Mikagura, a type of music performed in court Shinto ceremonies).

公爵はオーランドゥに、苦し紛れにそんな無法なことをするのか、それとも作法を無視する乱暴者なのかと尋ねた。
The duke asked him if distress had made him so bold or if he were a rude despiser of good manners.

初夜と後夜の悔過は「大時」といわれ特別丁寧に行われ、悔過作法の後に「大導師作法」「咒師作法」をおこなう。
Shoya and goya are called 'Taiji' (keka (a confession of one's sins) performed especially both on evening and midnight at Shuni-e) and treated in a special courteous manner and after Keka ritual, 'Daidoshi saho' and 'Shushi saho' (the ritual performed by Shushi in Shuni-e) are done.

正座をするときの入り方とくずし方は、着ている着物によって流儀が異なり、それらは作法として体系化されている。
The way of entering and exiting the seiza position depends on the clothing one is wearing, and there are formalized manners governing the movements.

古代末から中世にかけて作られるようになった往生伝には、その臨終の作法が定着していった跡を見ることができる。
One can find traces of how the manners at rinju took root by reading ojoden (stories of the attainment of rebirth in the Pure Land), which started to be made from the end of the ancient period to the medieval period.

四度加行、諸尊法、作法部、灌頂部、諸大事、印信の部に分けられ、浅から深へと区切って伝えるようになっている。
表記を変えました。

庖丁道（庖丁式）とは料理に関する作法・故実や調理法などを最も頻用する調理器具の包丁で象徴した呼び名である。
The way of the kitchen knife (or the kitchen knife method) is the name given to cooking-related matters such as the art of cooking, its etiquette, and its traditions, and it has as its symbol one of the most frequently used cooking utensils, the kitchen-knife.

ミス・アイバースがそこにいないこと、そして彼女が不作法に立ち去ったことがゲイブリエルの心をさっとかすめた。
It shot through Gabriel's mind that Miss Ivors was not there and that she had gone away discourteously:

どんなにフックが堕落の道を歩んできたかもしれませんが、まだ礼儀作法がカンジンだってことは分かっていました。
However much he may have degenerated, he still knew that this is all that really matters.

建物や仏像の様式、儀式作法から精進料理に至るまで中国風で、日本の一般的な仏教寺院とは異なった景観を有する。
The temple is unique among Japan's Buddhist temples as it maintains a Chinese style from its buildings and Buddhist imagery to its ceremonies and vegetarian food.

小・中学生が集まり、お経を唱えたり、写経、お坊さんの法話など普段できない生活を体験し、礼儀作法を勉強する。
This event provides elementary and junior high school students with an opportunity to study etiquette through activities that they can hardly experience in real life, such as reciting sutras, copying sutras, listening to a sermon made by priests.

一方、日本側の招待された面々は、十手と孫の手をナイフとフォーク (食器)に見立てて作法の練習をしたという。
Meanwhile, it is said that the Japanese who were invited to dine with the American rehearsed the situation using a jitte (short, one-hook truncheon) and a backscratcher as substitutes for a knife and fork.

その後、実頼に始まる儀式作法を彼の邸宅小野宮に因んで小野宮流と称し、師輔に始まる儀式作法を九条流と称した。
Afterwards, the ceremony etiquette style embraced by Saneyori was named the Ononomiya school after his Ononomiya residence while the style introduced by Morosuke was named the Kujo school.

一方この時代、入浴することは心身を清めるための厳粛な行事であったため、裸ではなく白衣で入るのが作法であった。
On the other hand, it was the proper manner to take a bath wearing Byakue costumes rather than being naked because bathing was a serious occasion to purify one's body and soul at that time.

原則として『正座をしてユガケを挿す・外す』『弓射以外の作業を行う際は必ずユガケを外す』事が基本的な作法である。
In principle, as basic manners, 'sitting straight when we put a yugake on or off,' or 'always take a yugake off when we do anything except for kyusha.'

この経緯から日本における作法の一環で相手を敬う意図により、現在でも来客に対して必ずといってよいほど提供される。
Given this background, it is a matter of etiquette in Japan that even today a guest must be given a zabuton in order to show respect.

除目の儀は、行事を通じて、たとえば紙の折り方や墨の磨り方にいたるまで非常に細かい作法が決められた儀式であった。
For the ceremony of jimoku, very minute rules were established through the event, including the way of a sheet of paper was to be folded and the way in which caked ink was scrubbed.

首を刀で斬り落とすのには首の骨の関節を切ること、身分地域により皮を残し切り落とすなどいくつかの作法が存在した。
Several techniques were developed for beheading a person with a sword, such as striking the sword into the neck joint, and leaving a skin remaining between the body and the head, depending on the rank and province of the person committing Seppuku.

また、定められた作法に則り、礼法に従って射を披露することを射礼や体配などという（「体配」とは日置流系の用語）。
Besides, it is called Jarai (or Sharei) or Taikubari pose (体配) to shoot according to defined manner and rules of decorum ('Taikubari' is a term from the Heki schools).

日置流には武射傾向の強い流派が多く、今日「武射系」といえば、日置流諸派やそれに由来する作法・射法のことである。
Many Heki schools retain strong characteristics of Busha (武射) so, today mentioning the 'Busha group' immediately brings to mind the various Heki schools and their manners, and way of shooting.

『貫首秘抄』に、摂関・蔵人らが天皇の御作法や政治への顧問、幼帝の教育の方法を知るための必見の書と書かれている。
It is described as a must-read for Sekkan (regents and advisers) and Kurodo (Chamberlain) to learn the Emperor's manners and the way of working as a political advisor and educating young emperors in 'Kanjuhisho' (accounts on the hints on Kurodo, written by FUJIWARA no Toshinori).

不作法をしない、自分の利益を求めない、いらだたない、恨みをいだかない。 (コリント人への第一の手紙 13:5)
doesn't behave itself inappropriately, doesn't seek its own way, is not provoked, takes no account of evil; (1 Corinthians 13:5)

この時代の海戦では非戦闘員の水手・梶取を射ることは戦の作法に反する行為だったが、義経はあえてその掟破りを行った。
At this point in history, the shooting of noncombatants like navigators or oarsmen in a naval battle was considered against the etiquette of war, yet Yoshitsune dared to break this unwritten rule.

その後、明暦2年（1656年）には二条番衆に対する道中作法定書が出され、翌年には大坂番衆を含める形で改正された。
Later, in 1656, a law on manners during journeys was issued for Nijo Banshu (guards), and in 1657 the law was revised to include Osaka Banshu as well.

後白河法皇の院庁別当にも名を連ね、「年来礼儀作法の道を営む、当時頗るその褒（ほまれ）あり」（『玉葉』）と称される。
He also became Innocho-Betto (Chief Administrator of the Retired Emperor's Office) for Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa and his behavior is described in 'Gyokuyo' (Kanezane KUJO's diary) as having 'engaged in the ways of etiquette for years and he now receives great praise.'

作法伝奏を業とした伊勢家の後継者として文化の知識も多彩で、和歌・連歌・茶道・庭園などに通じた教養ある人物であった。
He had ample knowledge about culture as a successor to the Ise family, whose job was manner denso, and was an educated man, being well versed in waka, linked verse, Japanese tea ceremony and garden, etc.

しかし、こういった日本の食事作法から丼物が生まれたことは偶然の産物であるが新しい調理方法を生み出すきっかけとなった。
However, although Donburimono originated from such Japanese table manners by chance, its introduction provided the opportunity to develop new cooking methods.

座る側の作法としては、座布団を足で踏まず、まず座布団の下座側に跪座し、膝を生かして座布団の方へ45度体を向きかえる。
Etiquette for sitting on a zabuton includes not standing on the zabuton, and first of all kneel on the zabuton on the side away from the seat of honor and use one's knees to pivot 45 degrees in the direction of the zabuton.

あぐらをかいて座ることは作法として正しい座り方ではなく、くだけた座り方とされ、公式の場では不適当であるとされている。
Sitting cross-legged is not considered good manners; instead, it is considered casual and inappropriate for formal occasions.

逆にご飯茶碗や味噌汁の椀などを手で持たずに食べたり、皿に身を乗り出して口が料理を「迎えに行く」ことが無作法とされる。
In contrast, it is considered a breach of etiquette to lean forward over one's plate and let your mouth 'go fetch' foods such as boiled rice and miso soup without holding a china bowl (for boiled rice) or a wooden bowl (for miso soup or else).

「撥」（鈴棒）は、勤行時以外は「鈴」の中に入れておき、勤行中は鈴台の上、「雲輪」の右側に置くのが、正式な作法である。
In accordance with the proper manner, 'bachi (rin stick)' is placed in the 'rin' at times other than during religious services and on the right side of 'kumowa' over the rindai during religious services.

茶道は茶室と呼ばれる狭い空間で行われる事が多く、独特の作法が存在することから、使用される道具には工夫が必要とされる。
Since sado is usually performed in a small space called chashitsu (tea room) using unique manners, the tools used there have to be creative.

阿知女作法（あちめのわざ、あちめわざ、あちめさほう、あじめのさほう、等々）とは、宮中及び神社等で歌われる神楽歌の一つ。
Achimenowaza (also known as Achimewaza, Achimesaho, Ajimenosaho, and so on) is a Kagurauta (songs to accompany kagura [sacred music and dancing performed at shrines] performance) performed in the Imperial Court or shrines.

年表・日本地図・武鑑・茶道・華道・作法・占い・料理法など多種多様な知識が載せられ、下欄の用語と関係のないものとなった。
It contained a great variety of information about time line, map of Japan, Bukan (a book of heraldry), Sado (Japanese tea ceremony), Kado (flower arrangement), manners, fortune-telling, recipes, and so on, which had no relation to the entry words listed below.

このことにより、多くの門徒の子孫達が、（阿弥陀如来による）他力本願の意味や、浄土真宗独特の儀礼・作法が途絶えつつある。
As a result, many of monto's descendants are not aware of the meaning of Tariki Hongan (by Amida Nyorai) and the unique rituals and manners of Jodo Shinshu Sect.

江戸末期になると、武家の教養として作法が固まっている抹茶の茶の湯を嫌い、気軽に楽しめる茶を求める声が町衆から出てきた。
When the end of the Edo period came, people of the town, who despised the strict form of chanoyu using maccha for the education of samurai families, demanded tea which could be enjoyed lightheartedly.

一方、礼法家の立場からは、本膳料理の食事作法を定めるようになり、小笠原流の『食物服用之巻』などのハウツー本が生まれた。
Manner specialist wanted to fix the table manners for honzen ryori (formally arranged meal), so a how-to book by the Ogasawara school called 'Shokumotsufukuyo-no-maki' (a book for taking meals) was published.

ミスター・ウルフシェイムは古ぼけたメトロポールを想う感傷的な雰囲気はどこへやら、とんでもなく無作法にぱくつきはじめた。
and Mr. Wolfshiem, forgetting the more sentimental atmosphere of the old Metropole, began to eat with ferocious delicacy.

身体的な煩わしさは、礼儀作法の拘束力によって強化されていなければ、人が習慣的に軽視してきた不都合なものである。
Physical irksomeness is an incommodity which men habitually make light of if it is not reinforced by the sanction of decorum;

10月17日富士川の戦いの前日、当時の戦闘の作法として武田軍が維盛の陣に送ってきた書状には下記のように書かれてあった。
On October 17, the day before the Battle of Fujigawa, the Takeda army sent a letter to Koremori's camp, following the rules of warfare of that time, which said as follows:

作法よりも食べて旨い料理に主点が置かれ、冷たくしてお土産に持ち帰る料理よりその場で食べてしまう料理という視点が強かった。
Importance was placed on delicious dishes rather than on eating etiquette, and people there considered that dishes should be eaten at the places they were cooked, rather than being taken out as a souvenir in a cold state.

これにより、この酒井家では、家臣の家督相続の儀を忠昌に相談したが、忠昌は酒井家代々の作法もあろうこと故に何事も申しがたい。
Then, the Sakai family asked Tadamasa's opinion about the inheritance of their vassel, only to receive the Tadamasa's reply 'I am not in a position to advise on that matter, as the Sakai family has its own traditional manners.'

かつて、拝礼の作法は各神社によってさまざまだったが、現在の二拝二拍手一拝に統一されたのは明治期の神仏分離によるものである。
Although the prayer manner was different in each shrine in the past, unification to the current method, twice bowing, twice clapping and one-time bowing' was implemented due to the separation of Buddhism and Shintoism in the Meiji period.

大化の改新以後、唐の影響を受けた様々な制度・行事・儀礼が行われるようになり、その際の様々な礼儀作法が定められるようになった。
After the Taika Reform, various systems, functions, and formalities influenced by Tang models began to be introduced, and various rules and customs began to be prescribed.

実検の作法は、まず右手で髻をにぎり、引き上げめにして、右手に台を持ち下から受けて持って出て、すわるとき両膝をふせて安座する。
The etiquette of checking a head was to firstly grasp the hair in the right hand, and lifting it up place the receptacle tray below using the right hand, and to sit down cross legged.

それに、ティバルトの葬儀も済んだばかりなのに、キャピュレット家が婚礼をあげることはどんなに無作法に見えるかも分かりませんわ。
and how indecorous it would show for the family of the Capulets to be celebrating a nuptial feast when his funeral solemnities were hardly over.

「礼儀作法といえば小笠原」といわれるほどのマナー作法における正統流派だが、その歴史は鎌倉時代にまでさかのぼる武家作法の高家。
The school is so well-known as a school of traditional etiquette that it is said that 'etiquette is Ogasawara' and its history can be traced back to the Kamakura-period high-ranking family involved in teaching samurai etiquette.

宮中行事の時複雑な式での作法などをメモする目的で用いられたとも言うが、女性の場合は他人の視線から咄嗟に顔を隠す場合に重宝した。
It is said that hiogi fans were used as notes of complicated manners of court functions, and women used these fans to hide their faces at once to avoid people's eyes.

茶巾は作法通り畳んで絞って水気を取った後に耳を上にして巾筒にいれ、巾筒は茶箱の真ん中やや右より、茶碗の右奥あたりに入れておく。
After folded and wringed dry, chakin is placed into kinto with its selvage up properly according to the manner, and the kinto is placed in the chest, at the position which is slightly right from the center and diagonally right behind the tea bowl.

実際の用例では、教義の問題というよりは、葬送儀礼や仏事作法など習俗に関わる場面で、地域社会との交流のなかで生まれる言葉である。
As a matter of actual examples, this phrase is not used as a matter of doctrine but in the intercommunication with local society, such as on the occasion of funeral rituals and Buddhist services that are closely connected with local customs.

但し、本稿の記載においては真宗各派の中でも多数派である本願寺派・大谷派の作法などを基準として記載されていることに留意されたい。
Provided, however, please pay attention to the fact that the explanation in this section is to be made based on the manners of Hongan-ji School and Otani School which are dominant among various schools of Jodo Shinshu Sect.

朝廷の料理は宮内省に属す内膳司が司っていたが、山蔭は内膳職とは関係がなく、単に料理法や作法に通じた識者として指名されたものか。
FUJIWARA no Yamakage is supposed to have been simply designated as an expert well-versed in cooking and manners, since he had nothing to do with the Emperor's dietary office of the Imperial Household Bureau which was in charge of the food served at Court.

居合道とは、日本刀を用い、抜刀から納刀、および諸作法を通し技能の修練のみならず人格の涵養なども含めた各自による自己修練のこと。
Iaido is a self-discipline that represents not only training in technique but also the maturing of the person by learning how to use a Japanese sword such as drawing it, sheathing it and other manners.

特に日本式の風呂になじみの無い者のために、浴槽の中で体を洗わないなど入浴のルールや作法を脱衣場などに掲示しているところもある。
Sometimes the rules and manners for bathing are displayed in the dressing rooms of public bathhouses, especially for people who are unfamiliar with Japanese-style bathing.

室町時代の東山文化のころ、茶道や華道が大成するのとほぼ同時期に作法なども大成され、現在の形に近いものになったと考えられている。
During the Higashiyama Culture that flourished in the Muromachi period, incense burning rituals were established almost at about the same time Sado (tea ceremony) and Kado (flower arrangement) were established, and it is believed that incense burning had become close to the contemporary style.

礼儀正しいときほどもっとも残酷なときで、それこそたぶんフックが本物の礼儀作法を身につけているということの証明になるのでしょう。
He was never more sinister than when he was most polite, which is probably the truest test of breeding;

さてピーターとネバーバードはお互いの言ってる事が分からないばかりでなく、礼儀作法がどういうものかもすっかり忘れていたのでした。
Well, not only could they not understand each other, but they forgot their manners.

イートン校の社交クラブに入るには、意識しなくても礼儀作法をわきまえていることこそ必要不可欠であることをフックは思い出しました。
He remembered that you have to prove you don't know you have it before you are eligible for Pop [an elite social club at Eton].

御堂流（みどうりゅう）とは、藤原北家九条流藤原道長（摂政・太政大臣）の子孫の一門及び彼を祖とする有職故実及び作法の流派の呼称。
Mido-ryu was the name of a style of Yusoku-kojitsu (knowledge of court rules, ceremony, decorum and records of the past) and manners for the descendants of FUJIWARA no Michinaga (Sessho [Regent] and Daijo-daijin [Grand Minister]) of Kujo line of Fujiwara-Hokke (the Northern House of the Fujiwara Clan) and the groups who assumed Michinaga as their ancestors.

藤原北家の総帥だった藤原忠平は宮廷の儀式作法に関心が深く、先例を尊重して儀式を行ったことは『貞信公記』にも詳細に記載されている。
FUJIWARA no Tadahira, the patriarch of the Northern House of Fujiwara clan, was also a connoisseur of court ceremony etiquette who performed ceremonies by respectfully following the precedents, as was described in detail by 'Teishinko-ki' (Diary of FUJIWARA no Tadahira).

正保2年1645年公刊と考えられている松江重頼の俳諧作法書「毛吹草」にも、近江日野の名物として「五器（ごき）」が挙げられている。
In 'Kefukigusa' (a theoretical script on Haikai poems) published by Shigeyori MATSUE probably in 1645, 'Goki' (articles for the Buddhist altar) is mentioned as a specialty in Omi Hino.

都市部の家庭ではちゃぶ台が使われ、それまでの家父長制的な銘々膳の作法から、食事が家族だんらんの場として認識されるようになってくる。
Chabudai (low dining tables) began being used in households in urban areas, and it came to be recognized that the eating place in households was for enjoying each other's company among family members, instead of observing patriarchal etiquette using meimeizen (small individual low eating tables).

門徒物知らず（もんとものしらず）は、浄土真宗の信者（門徒）に対して他宗の信者が「仏教の作法を知らない」と批判する際に使われる言葉。
Monto mono shirazu' is a phrase which believers of other sects use when they criticize monto (believers) of Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) as 'they don't know about the manners of Buddhism.'

午前中は題目、つまり法華経の読誦を中心とした行法（法華懺法という）を行い、午後は阿弥陀仏を本尊とする行法（例時作法という）を行う。
In the morning, Buddhist monks practice daimoku, namely gyoho of chanting Hokke-kyo sutra (it is called hokke senbo) and in the evening, they practice gyoho of praying to a principal image Amida Buddha (it is called reiji saho).

咒師作法（しゅしさほう）は咒師が須弥壇の周りを回りながら、清めの水（洒水）を撒き、印を結んで呪文を唱えるなど、密教的な儀式である。
In Shushi saho, Shushi goes around shumidan, sprinkles purified water (Shasui), chants a spell making symbolic signs with the fingers and so on, which is a ceremony of Esoteric Buddhism.

和泉式部は巫女に縁結びの祭を行わせたが、その一環として巫女は、和泉式部の着物の裾をめくって陰部を露出させる作法をすることを迫った。
Izumi Shikibu had the shrine maiden conduct a matchmaking ceremony but the shrine maiden tried to force her to roll up the hem of her kimono and expose her genitalia

日本では、椀などを口元に運ぶが、日本を除くアジアやヨーロッパ地域の主要なマナー上では、食器を手に持つことこそを無作法とすることが多い。
In Japan, people bring the bowl and other eating utensils closer to their mouth, however, holding eating utensils is often considered to be bad from the point of view of manners in Asia and Europe.

この場合、一つの皿の料理だけを食べてその皿を空けてしまうのは無作法とされ、複数の皿の料理を、順番にバランスよく食べ分けなければならない。
In such a case, it is considered improper manners to deplete one dish and make it empty before eating other dishes, so you must keep balance in eating all dishes evenly in order.

あ～ち～め―（一度）、お～お～お―（三度）、お～けー（一度）のフレーズを阿知女作法と呼び、これが２組（本方・末方）に分かれて唱和される。
'Ah, Chih, Meh' (once), 'Oh, Oh, Oh' (three times), 'Oh, Keh' (once): This set of phrase is called Achimenowaza, and sung in chorus by two groups (motokata [leaders, sitting on the left side of the niwabi, a garden fire, at Mikagura, music performed in court Shinto ceremonies] and suikata [followers, sitting on the right side of the niwabi]).

射礼・体配は小笠原流の作法・動作を中心に採り入れ、流派ごとにまちまちであった射礼・体配を連盟方式に統一し、試合や審査上の混乱を是正した。
Manners and movements of the Ogasawara school were mainly adopted for Jarai and Taihai (posture and manner of the martial art), unifying the Jarai and Taihai, which varied among schools, to a style consistent with that of the federation, and correcting the confusion in matches and reviews.

この期間に、「旗下大番六備の作法の書」、「分国の仕置」、「法度の式目九十九箇条」、「軍伍」を徳川四奉行の市川昌忠と共に見つけ出している。
During this time, he discovered 'Kika Oban Roku-sonae no Saho no sho,' 'Bunkoku no shioki,' 'Hatto no shikimoku kyujukyukajo,' and 'Gungo' with Masatada ICHIKAWA, who was one of the four major magistrates.

同じ箸文化圏の中国、韓国、東南アジアでは、皿を持って食べる行為を「路上生活者ようだ」として忌避されており、世界でも日本の食事作法は珍しい。
This unique manner of eating in Japan is unusual in the world, even in the same cultural area where people use chopsticks for eating, such as China, Korea, and other South East Asian countries, where people recuse themselves from holding a plate to eat something because they think such manners are similar to what homeless people do on the street.

当時、即位式に続いて行われる大嘗会で行われる神膳供進の儀では、天皇が摂関に儀式の作法についての助言を受け、それに基づいて儀式を進めていた。
In those days, in the ritual of shinzengushin (literally, offering god's tray) carried out in Daijoe after the enthronement ceremony, the emperor progressed the ritual based on the manner which was told by Sekkan (regent or adviser).

特に東京を中心とする首都圏では、元々が浄土真宗の土地柄では無く、所属する寺が浄土真宗系であっても、儀礼・作法を他宗と混同している門徒が多い。
Especially in the Tokyo metropolitan area where Jodo Shinshu Sect has not been so prevalent from the beginning, many monto, though they belong to temples affiliated to Jodo Shinshu Sect, are confusing the rituals and manners of other sects with those of Jodo Shinshu Sect.

天皇が補任を行うために必要な文書であるため、大間書の書き方、折り方、封印方法など多くの作法が存在し、大変複雑であり、作成には慎重が期された。
Since it was a necessary document for the Emperor to conduct Bunin (appointment of government post), there were many and very complicated manners for Omagaki such as how to write, how to fold, how to seal and so on, and Omagaki was created with extra care.

江戸後期や四民平等となった明治には、女学校で礼儀作法が授業に取り入れられるなど、富裕層の町人も作法を学ぶようになるが、小笠原とは関係はない。
In the late Edo period and Meiji period, which saw the introduction of equality for all people, girls' schools started teaching etiquette classes and affluent merchants were able to learn manners, although they were not related to Ogasawara.

漢方薬で消化を助けるサンショウの実を乾燥させた後に石臼等で挽いた山椒の粉を振りかけ香味を楽しみながら重箱の左隅から食べるのが一般的な作法である。
Generally, Unaju is consumed from the left corner by applying Sansho (Japanese pepper powder), which is considered to enhance digestion in Chinese medicine, which is dried and milled by a stone mill, in order to enhance the flavor.

非常に多数の年中行事からなる儀式は、細部まで作法・様式が決められており、儀式を滞りなく執り行うため、『西宮記』『北山抄』などの儀式書も作られた。
For rituals consisting of numerous annual events, detailed etiquette and patterns were determined, and such books concerned with rituals like 'Saikyuki' and 'Hokuzansho' were written in order to smoothly execute these rituals.

戦国時代 (日本)に入ると、作法を保持していた有力な守護大名・守護代が次々と滅び、江戸時代まで作法を継承できたのは島津氏と小笠原氏だけとなった。
In the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (Japan), dominant Shugo daimyo (Japanese territorial lord as provincial constable) and Shugodai (the acting Military Governor) who were preserving Inuoumono manners perished one after another, and those who could maintain the manner even to the Edo period were only the Shimazu clan and the Ogasawara clan.

実頼の儀式作法についてはその日記『清慎公記』に多少の記述はあるが、実際には孫で養子の藤原実資が著した『小野宮年中行事』によって完成されたと言える。
Saneyori's ceremony etiquette style, although his diary 'Seishinko-ki' (Diary of FUJIRAWA no Saneyori) features a few descriptions of it, was finalized, in fact, by the publication of 'Ononomiya Nenjugyoji' (Precedents for Annual Events of Ononomiya) authored by Saneyori's grandson (lately adopted by Saneyori as his son), FUJIWARA no Sanesuke.

これらの声をくみ上げる形で、江戸時代中期に黄檗宗万福寺の元僧売茶翁（売茶翁）が行っていた煎茶の法に従い、改めて煎茶の作法を定めたのが煎茶道である。
The Senchado was developed by redefining the way of sencha in response to the voices of the people and followed the way of sencha performed by the Baisao of the former monk of Manpuku-ji Temple of Obaku Sect during the mid-Edo period.

その際、包んだまま渡すことを作法とする説と、包んだまま渡すと「この風呂敷にお返しを包んで戻せ」という催促の意となるため、厳に慎むべしとする説がある。
Further, while some believe that giving a gift wrapped in Furoshiki conforms to the rules of etiquette, some insist on refraining from doing so because it would suggest 'asking for its return wrapped in this Furoshiki.'

日蓮宗では法華経を受持すること自体がすでに戒を保つことであるとして死後あらためて受戒を行わないが、地域によっては通夜の際に受戒作法を行う場合もある。
Since the Nichiren sect regards remembering the teachings of Hoke-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra) itself as following the commandments, commandments are not given anew after death, but, in some regions, a ritual for receiving the commandments is observed at Tsuya.

次第に記されていない阿闍梨（師）の口伝（師から弟子への面授）が不可欠であり、この口伝に基づいた作法と次第の内容を行うことが事相を習得することである。
The oral tradition of the Ajari (high priest) which was not written in the shidai is an essential component of the discipline, and the methods based on this oral tradition and contents of the shidai complete mastery in practical training.

また、粗暴で作法に疎かったとされ、『中右記』（嘉承元年正月7日条）には、その勅使から酒を賜った際の作法の誤りの酷さに非難を受けたことが記されている。
It is said that he acted rudely and was unfamiliar with etiquette, and it is described in 'Chuyuki' (The Diary written by FUJIWARA no Munetada) (in the section for February 19, 1106) that, when he was served with sake wine by an Imperial envoy, he behaved seriously disregarding the etiquette and was accused of bad behavior.

また、足利家には大草流があり、この頃より食作法がやかましく言われるようになり、1人分の料理を膳の上に組むいわゆる「本膳の形式」による料理が形成された。
With the Ashikaga family based on the Ogusa school, it was required to observe eating manners more strictly during this period, and the so-called 'honzen style' (the style for formal dinners), in which dishes for a person were arranged on a tray placed in front of the person, was formed.

四条流の起源は、藤原山蔭（四条中納言、824年 - 888年）が、光孝天皇の勅命により庖丁式（料理作法）の新式を定めたことに由来すると伝えられている。
It is said that the the Shijo School was derived from a new kitchen-knife method (cooking manner) which was establisehd by FUJIWARA no Yamakage (Shijo Chunagon, or Shijo Vice-Councilor, 824-888) in accordance with an order given by the Emperor Koko.

その伝統を受け継ぐ小笠原流は武家社会での礼式に則った射の流れを汲む流派であり、今日の弓道で「礼射系」といえば、小笠原流に由来する作法や射法のことをいう。
The Ogasawara school inherited a shooting tradition based upon the code of etiquette from the Samurai world and the 'Reisha group' in today's Kyudo means the code or style of shooting originating from the Ogasawara school.

摂関政治、官司請負、家業の継承が始まった10世紀前半は、その後の貴族社会において最重要事項とされた朝廷儀式・宗教儀式の標準作法が形成された時期でもある。
The first half of the tenth century, when Sessho and Kanpaku-based politics, the Kanshiukeoi system, and the inheritance of such a family businesses started, was also the era when standard styles of rituals in the Imperial court and religious rituals were established.

「遠州・三河・美濃・尾張国へ発向して、存命の間に天下を取つて都に旗をたて、仏法・王法・神道・諸侍の作法を定め、政をただしく執行はんとの、信玄の望み是なり」
`Shingen wishes to enter the Enshu, Mikawa, Mino, and Owari Province to rule those provinces, putting up a flag in a capital while Shingen is alive, and establish the Buddhist law, Oho (the law and customs for Buddhism), rules with Shinto religion and 諸侍, properly handling the affairs of state.'

現在、島津家関係の史料（国宝「島津家文書」など）や小笠原流の資料により作法は伝わっているが、実演の方は動物愛護との絡みもあり、今後も復興されるみこみはない。
Today, the manner has been handed down in the historical materials related to the Shimazu family (a national treasure 'the archives of the House of Shimazu') and the Ogasawara school, but the demonstration will not be restored in the future due to animal welfare.

内容は、真言宗のいわゆる事相と真言宗に相当する2つの部分から成り立つが、前者である両界曼荼羅（の原形）の作法や真言、密教の儀式を説く事相の部分が非常に多い。
This sutra consisted of two parts, so-called jiso (the thing-in-itself) of the Shingon sect, and the Shingon sect, but it contained very many descriptions of the jiso part, preaching manners (in the original form of) and mantra of the former Ryokai mandala (Mandalas of the Two Realms), and the ceremonies of Esoteric Buddhism.

四象会などにおいて高田民子に大きな援助を受けていたが、代稽古に遣っていた門下の野沢竹朝の不作法を咎められたことで高田家と縁を切り、四象会運営は苦しくなった。
He was considerably supported by Tamiko TAKADA for Shishokai and others, but disconnected from the Takada family due to the improper manners of Chikucho NOZAWA, his disciple who trained other disciples as his proxy, and therefore the management of Shishokai came in trouble.

北ノ庄時代、「堀左衛門督殿、悪しき仕置の条々」と、三十数箇条にわたり、家中の諸士のあてがい扶持、百姓、町人の作法の悪い旨の高札を城下の辻に建てるものがいた。
When he was at Kitanosho, as 'Loose regulations by mister Hori-Saemon no kami,' over 30 articles on notice board to criticize salary for retainers determined by Hidemasa and bad behavior of peasant and townspeople were displayed.

その間は酒と少量の料理が出るが、この間は「酒を飲みながら談笑する」など、ある程度はくつろいだ時間になるため、酒があるうちは作法をあまり気にしないでも問題ない。
While sake drinks are served together with a bit of foods, people may enjoy relaxing time to some extent by 'drinking and chattering pleasantly,' so that they may have no problem even if they are less anxious about dining manners so long as they enjoy sake drinking.

しかし梁田広正や滝川一益でも同様の敵地への領地替えが行われて旧領はしばらく安堵されていたので、これは新領獲得まで旧領安堵するという当時の作法ではという説がある。
However, as similar transference of the fief to enemy's territory was carried out for Hiromasa YANADA and Kazumasu TAKIGAWA and their former fiefs were guaranteed for a certain time period, there is a view that it was a custom at that time to guarantee the former fief until the new fief is in fact acquired.

また、日蓮正宗の勤行には、唱題とは別に「引き題目」と呼ばれる作法もあり、この時は「なーむーみょーほーれんーげーきょー」と一音一音が長く引き伸ばされて唱えられる。
Additionally, in the Buddhist religious services of Nichiren Shoshu sect there is a manner called 'Hiki-daimoku' other than Shodai, in which way each sound is recited longer as 'Na-mu-myo-ho-ren-ge-kyo.'

――その夜（よ）は一晩中、何か他のことを考えようとしても、私の心はあの窓に現れた女の顔と、それから戸口に出て来たあの女の無作法さとにばかりかえって行くのでした。
All evening, though I tried to think of other things, my mind would still turn to the apparition at the window and the rudeness of the woman.

また一人一人に料理が盛って持ち出され、茶席におけるように、取り回し時に特別の作法を言われぬことなど、総じて料理屋で食べる懐石料理は打ち解けたものであることが多い。
Generally kaiseki ryori served at restaurants is served in a more casual style, for example, dishes are put on individual plates and there are no special manners for serving out to people.

祓う（災厄、身の汚れを祓う）、示す・正す（威儀）、顔を隠す（威儀）、表す（家紋など、象徴）、かざす（儀式の際）、占う（軍配、差配）、もてなす（客間、作法・礼儀）。
The Uchiwa fan is used to drive out evil spirits, show dignity, cover one's face to show dignity, show one's symbol such as a family crest, tell fortunes, take command of the military, and demonstrate good manners when entertaining others in a drawing room; it is also held above one's head in certain rituals.

香道（こうどう）とは、香りを楽しみ、日常を離れた集中と静寂の世界に遊ぶことを目的とした芸道で、一定の作法のもとに香木を炷（た）き、立ち上る香りを鑑賞するものである。
Incense burning is an example of Geido (art), aimed at enjoying incense while meditating in a quiet world away from the pressures of daily life, and to appreciate the fragrance rising from Koboku (fragrant wood) burned ('taku' in Japanese) according to traditional rituals.

寛永3年（1626年）及び同11年（1634年）に行われた征夷大将軍上洛の際に供奉者の道中作法を定め、違反者には死罪 (江戸時代)を含めた厳しい処罰を課すこととした。
In journeys of Seii Taishogun to Kyoto conducted in 1626 and 1634, regulations on accompanying people's manners during the journey were established and it was stipulated that those who violated the regulations were punished severely, and sometimes sentenced to death (Edo period).

侘茶法は千利休ゆずりの草庵の茶といい、これに対して式正茶法は書院および広間の茶で、室町以来の書院茶に武家の礼儀作法と侘茶の精神とを取り入れた秋元瑞阿弥独自の流儀である。
The Wabi-cha school is said to favor a style of tea ceremony performed in a simple thatched cottage (soan) that is derived from SEN no Rikyu; the Shikisei school, on the other hand, is a style of tea ceremony performed in a study (Shoincha) or grand hall, and this is the original way developed by Zuiami AKIMOTO, who incorporated the philosophy of the samurai called Reigi Saho (civilities) and the spirit of Wabi-cha into the Shoincha way of tea ceremony from the post-Muromachi period.

その修法「虚空蔵求聞持法」は、一定の作法に則って真言を百日間かけて百万回唱えるというもので、これを修した行者は、あらゆる経典を記憶し、理解して忘れる事がなくなるという。
The incantation method 'Kokuzo Gumonji-ho' involves chanting mantras 1 million times over 100 days following certain rules, and those who complete this method become able to memorize, understand and never forget all Buddhist texts.

色目を使い、だしぬけに「えへん」と咳払いしてみせ、にっこりほほえみ、なれなれしく笑いかけ、ずうずうしく恥知らずな、無作法きわまる「ナンパ師」の手管を一通り演じてみせた。
He made eyes at her, was taken with sudden coughs and 'hems,' smiled, smirked and went brazenly through the impudent and contemptible litany of the 'masher.'

後に「あのような作法をどこで学んだのか」と訪ねられたとき、「愛宕の小屋で忠臣蔵の芝居を見て、赤穂城明け渡しの部分をそっくり真似ただけだ」と答えたという逸話が残っている。
There was an episode that when he was asked later, 'Where have you learned such manners?,' he replied, 'I watched Chushingura in a theater house in Atago, so I just imitated the scene of the surrender and evacuation of Ako Castle.'

日本では、食器を口元に上げ香りを楽しむことが一般的ではあるが、「皿や椀といった食器を手に持つ」という食文化のない・あるいはかえって無作法となる地域（韓国、北朝鮮）もある。
In Japan, although it is common that people raise eating utensils to their lips to enjoy the smell of meal, in some regions, they don't have a food culture that 'holding dishes such as plates and bowls in their hands,' or Japanese eating manners are considered to be rather lack of manners (in South Korea and North Korea).

儀式（ぎしき）とは、本来は律令制の朝廷における公務・宮中行事に際しての礼儀作法のことであるが、後にはこうした作法を規定した編纂物・書物のことを「儀式」と呼ぶようになった。
Gishiki originally meant court rule and customs in official duties and ceremonial functions at the imperial court under the ritsuryo system, and later, compilations and books for prescribing court rule and customs came to be called 'Gishiki.'

3月12日、後夜の咒師作法の中で（13日午前１時）、咒師は蓮松明という松明に照らされながら５人の練行衆とともに南側の石段を下りて閼伽井屋（あかいや　別名・若狭井）へ向かう。
During Shushi saho of goya on March 12 (at 1 am on March 13), being illuminated with the Taimatsu torch called Hasu taimatsu (a torch five-feet long, hasu means lotus), Shushi goes down stone stairway in the south side with five Rengyoshu and head for Akaiya (a well) (alias, Wakasai).

技術的問題を解決するため。記録データは、技術的な問題を解決する過程で、サイトを圧迫する作法を守らないウェブスパイダーを追跡するために開発者によって調査されることがあります。
To solve technical problems. Log data may be examined by developers in the course of solving technical problems and in tracking down badly-behaved web spiders that overwhelm the site.

特に伊勢氏は政所執事・武家故実宗家であり、日常的な部分より礼儀作法を重んじることは一族郎党に対する棟梁の権威を守り、幕府内部においての地位を保つために重要であることとする。
The Ise clan, in particular, was mandokoro shitsuji and the family set the example for bukekojitsu (manners and rules for the samurai class); therefore, showing respect and courtesy was important in maintaining authority as a leader and Ise's position in the bakufu government.

餅と菜を一緒に取り上げて食べるのが習わしで、「名（＝菜）を持ち（＝餅）上げる」という縁起担ぎだったという（上記の習わしが武家社会一般の作法だったという説は、誤伝による俗説）。
It is said to have been a practice of picking up mochi and a piece of vegetable together to eat, which was for good luck with a pun: 'mochi ageru' (raise a mochi = win), and 'na' (vegetable, or 'name' in Japanese) to make it 'win one's name.'

戦国時代 (日本)には、主に秘書的役割もこなし、特に主君の盾として命を捨てて守る役目が大きかったため、幅広い知識と一流の作法と武芸を身につけていなくては務まるものではなかった。
During the Sengoku Period (period of warring states), Kosho took charge of secretarial affairs, in particular acting as a human shield to protect their lord at the risk of losing their own lives; for this reason, Kosho had to not only be knowledgeable and have impeccable manners, but also be skilled in the military arts.

『本願寺作法之次第』という本願寺に伝わる書籍には政元の山科本願寺参詣のためだけに蓮如の指示で精進料理ではなく戒律的に問題のある魚料理に献立を変更したいきさつが載せられている程である。
A book handed down in Hongan-ji Temple, 'Hongan-ji saho no shidai' (The Orders of Manners in Hongan-ji Temple), writes about the situation where the menu was changed from a vegetarian dish to a fish dish which was problematic in terms of the doctrine, under Rennyo's instruction only for Masamoto's visit to Yamashina Hongan-ji Temple.

伝統芸能や伝統のスポーツ、あるいは日常生活におけるお辞儀・礼儀作法・日本の食事作法などにおいて、広範に見られる特徴として「型（形）」の尊重という点が挙げられ、日本の美点ともされてきた。
As a characteristic which is broadly seen in traditional performing arts, traditional sports, or in manners in Japanese daily life such as bowing, civility and rules of etiquette and table manners, a respect for 'kata' (standard form of a movement, posture, etc. in martial arts, sport, etc.) (or called katachi (pattern)) is pointed, and has been considered to be a virtue of Japan.

その伝来としては、臨済宗の開祖となる栄西禅が1191年中国から帰国の折に茶種と作法を持ち帰り、その飲み方などが日本に広まったという説が有名である（詳しくは茶道茶道の歴史の項を参照のこと）。
As for introduction of macha-ho method to Japan, it is popularly accepted that Eisai Zenji (the great Zen teacher Eisai), the originator of Rinzai-shu denomination (Rinzai-shu sect), brought back with him from China in 1191 several kinds of tea along with the manners on how to drink them, which subsequently spread in Japan (for details, please refer to the section on Sado, History of Sado)

だが、武骨な大名が一人でつとめて天皇や上皇の使者に対して無礼があったりしてもいけないので、饗応役の大名には朝廷への礼儀作法に通じた高家肝煎が指南役(口添え役とも)につくのが決まりであった。
However, to prevent boorish daimyo, who served in the position alone, from behaving in an impolite manner toward messengers of the emperor or the retired emperor, there was a rule that Koke-kimoiri (a kind of mentor for nobles who was familiar with manners and rules of etiquette that had to be observed for members of the Imperial Court) served as an instructor (or an adviser) for Kyooyaku daimyo.

佐藤信淵はその著書『草木六部耕種法』の中で、昆陽の薩摩芋栽培法を「疎放なる作法」と批判し、昆陽の種芋を直接地面に植える方法に対して、高温多湿な苗代を作り早い時期に収穫する方法を紹介している。
Nobuhiro SATO criticized that Konyo's sweet potato cultivation method was a 'Careless method' in his book 'Six-step method in cultivating plants'and introduced high temperature and humidity seedlings as a harvest method at early time, in contrast to Konyo's method of planting the seed tuber directly on ground.

京都の舞妓のようにプライベートまでしっかりとしたきめごとはなく、仕事後は鬘（かつら）をとり茶髪の今風の姿になり服装や行動も自由であるため、儀作法の徹底不足や意識の低さは会社組織の短所といえる。
Unlike Maiko in Kyoto who are under the strict rules to abide by even with matters that happens during their private time, the Ryuto geisha have no dress code nor codes of conduct that apply to them after work and once their wigs are off, the Ryuto geisha go about in their colored hair and modern clothes which seems to contribute to their insufficient observance of good behavior and poor level of pride in their job highlighting the disadvantage of the company system to operate the geisha service.

古くは『舞子』と書き、かつては9～12歳でお座敷に上がり接客作法を学び、芸能など修業して一人前の芸妓に成長していたが、戦後児童福祉法と労働基準法の改正にともない現在は中学卒業後でないとなれない。
The 'Maiko (舞妓)' was written as 'Maiko (舞子)' in past times, and she learned customer service skills at ozashiki (banquets in which guests were attended by geisha) at the age of 9 - 12 and stood on her feet through the training of entertainment, but now no young girls can become Maiko until she graduates junior high school in accordance with the revision of the Child Welfare Act and the Labor Standards Law after the war.

近世ノ作法、仏の懸記ニタガハズコソ、仏ノ弟子ナヲ仏意ニ背ク、マシテ在家俗士堂塔ヲ建立スル、多ハ名聞ノ為メ、若ハ家ノカザリトス、或ハ是レニヨリテ利ヲエ、或ハ酒宴ノ座席、詩歌ノ会所トシテ、無礼ノ事多シ
The modern customs are shameful to the Buddhist record written about the future, and the students of Buddhism turned away from the will of the Buddha as the samurai of existing families built a tower, young men decorated their houses in order to have his name heard many times, gained profits from it, sat at drinking parties, or made it into kaisho where poetry is read, and held many rude activities.

「儀式」のモデルになったのは、唐における礼制の集大成である礼書であったと考えられているが、日本の「儀式」は律令格式と重複する部分を削り、法令で定めるのには不適切な純粋な礼儀作法の記述に特化している。
It was considered that 'Gishiki' modeled after the Book of Etiquette and Decorum, a compilation of decorum in Tang -- Japanese 'Gishiki' was specialized exclusively in rules and customs inappropriate to be specified in law by omitting the parts that overlapped with ritsuryo kyakushiki (Laws and regulations).

実際、この親切が、現在許容されている普通の礼儀の概念よりも、もっと自由なものとなり、また、無作法だとか厚かましいとか思われずに、他人にその誤っていると思う点を正直に指摘することができれば、好都合です。
It would be well, indeed, if this good office were much more freely rendered than the common notions of politeness at present permit, and if one person could honestly point out to another that he thinks him in fault, without being considered unmannerly or presuming.

それぞれの現場における実践の積み重ねがやがて作法・故実としてマニュアル化されていくのであるが、なにが法的意味を持ち、なにがもたないかが厳密な意味で分節化されていなかったということに注意するべきである。
Accumulation of practices in each field was eventually compiled in a manual as manners and ancient practices, and it is worthy of attention that what was legally meaningful and what was not were not strictly segmented.

ちなみにアメリカ合衆国では、口から食べかけの料理がはみ出している状態が大変な無作法と考えられており、料理は一口ずつ口に運ぶものだという考えの延長で、皿の上でどんな料理でも細かく切り刻みスプーンですくう。
For your information, in the United States, the situation that a half-eaten food comes out of the mouth is considered to be very bad manners, therefore, according to an extension of the idea that people should bring food to their mouths mouthful by mouthful, they cut them into small pieces on the plate and scoop by spoon.

また合理性を重んじ、作法や教えも簡潔であったことから、近世には庶民に広く受け入れられたが、他の宗派からはかえって反発を買い、「門徒物知らず」（門徒とは真宗の信者のこと）などと揶揄される事もしばしばであった。
Since it values rationality and has simple manners and teachings, it was widely accepted among the public in early modern ages, but on the other hand, it provoked antipathy from other sects and often got ridicule such as 'Monto (Shinshu followers) know nothing'.

飯茶碗一膳の飯の量を消費する時間は、一般的な食事作法・習慣から考えると、惣菜としてのおかずを順々に一口ずつ食べて、全品を平らげながら食べ終わることから、飯茶碗一杯分の飯の消費は、食事時間とほぼ同じ傾向がある。
In view of general manners and habits of dining, because the meal is finished by eating a mouthful of each dish one after another, the time to consume a bowl of rice is substantially equal to the time for the meal.

近藤伊与吉の回想によると『生の輝き』のシナリオを読んだ際、村田が帰山に「脚本の作法と言うものは吾々には解らないが、そのままではその脚本は新派劇ですよ」と発言し、帰山・近藤と三晩徹夜してシナリオを直したという。
According to Iyokichi KONDO's reminiscences, when reading a scenario of 'Sei no kagayaki,' Murata told Kaeriyama, 'The method of how to make scenarios is not understandable to us, but this scenario is Shinpa-Geki (a New-School Play) like this.' and stayed up all night long for three straight nights to revise the scenario with Kaeriyama and Kondo.

北辰一刀流を学んだというから（同流派の道場ではたいていどこでも上下関係が厳しかったそうである）、おそらく礼儀作法を身に着けていただろう藤堂は、もしかすると局内で接客応対や事務処理などを担当していたのかもしれない。
Todo may have attended to visitors or done clerical work in the office because he seems to have learned etiquette at the Hokushin Itto school dojo, where relationships between superiors and inferiors were strict.

その結果、局務押小路家が外記方、官務壬生家が官方、そして出納平田家が蔵人方の地下官人を統率して奉行・職事の指示に従って傘下の地下官人を率いて儀式のために必要な事務・雑務を行うことになった（「禁中諸政諸司等作法事」）。
It was decided that the head secretary of the Council of State Secretaries 'kyokumu,' the Oshinokoji family; the head secretary of the Senior Recorder of the Left 'kanmu,' the Mibu family; and a secretary of the Bureau of Archives 'suino,' the Hirata family were to lead the lower ranking officials in respective offices to carry out clerical work and miscellaneous business for the ceremonies under the command of commissioners and court officials (according to 'Kinchu shosei shoshi to shoji').
As a result, Kyokumu Oshikoji family, Kanmu Mibu family and Suino Hirata family became responsible for various clerical and administrative jobs relating to ceremonies under the instruction of bugyo and shikiji (the head of office) while commanding the jigekanjin of Gekikata (Secretaries' Office), Kangata (one of government office) and Kurodogata respectively ('Kinchu Shosei Shoshi to Sahonokoto' (manners in political affairs and officers of the Imperial Court)).

ナナがコドモ達を学校へ送り迎えする姿は礼儀作法のお手本にしたいくらいで、コドモ達がちゃんとしているときはおちつきはらって横にならんで歩いているし、コドモ達が列からはみだそうものなら、頭でつついて列におしもどすのです。
It was a lesson in propriety to see her escorting the children to school, walking sedately by their side when they were well behaved, and butting them back into line if they strayed.

大導師作法は聖武天皇、歴代天皇、東大寺に縁のあった人々、戦争や天災に倒れた万国の人々の霊の菩提を弔うとともに、現職の総理大臣以下の閣僚、最高裁長官などの名を読み上げ、その働きが天下太平、万民豊楽をもたらすよう祈願する。
In Daidoshi saho, they read the name of the incumbent Prime Minister, the Cabinet officials, the chief justice of the Supreme Court and so on and pray for their good works to bring the peaceful world and the affluent life for the national, as well as mourning the bodhi (enlightenment) of the spirits of the Emperor Shomu, successive Emperors, those who were linked with Todai-ji Temple and those who were killed in wars or natural disasters around Japan.

四度加行を行う過程で、加行を行うための作法で必要とされる事相の伝授が適宜、行われるが、伝法灌頂を受けていないと伝授出来ない行法(修法)があるため、事相の一流伝授を受けるためには伝法灌頂を受けていることが必須条件である。
In the process of Shidokegyo, although the practical training, which is necessary as a manner for Kegyo is taught, denpo-kanjo is essential for undergoing Ichiryu-denju (initiation of practical training in the Shingon sect) because denpo-kanjo is necessary to receive training in the discipline.

現在でもほとんどの場合、手渡す際に風呂敷を解き、贈答品のみを置いて風呂敷を持ち帰るのは、後者の作法に準じているためであるが、風呂敷での包み自体を新しい感覚のギフト包装と捉えて、そのまま贈ろうという提案も近年なされている。
In most cases today, one unwraps a gift off Furoshiki before giving it leaving the gift alone and taking back Furoshiki, which means conformity to the latter rule, but some propose, in these days, to give a gift being kept wrapped in Furoshiki, where Furoshiki itself be considered as a new type of gift wrapping material.

戦国武将北条氏康の娘が、北条頼康の養子吉良氏朝に嫁すことになった際、氏康の大叔父にあたる北条幻庵は氏康の娘に書状をしたため、吉良氏の家風や格式に関わること、吉良家の正室としての日常の作法やたしなみなどを細かく教え授けた。
When a daughter of Ujiyasu HOJO, busho (a Japanese military commander) in the Sengoku Period, was marrying Ujitomo KIRA who was an adopted son of Yoriyasu HOJO, Ujiyasu's granduncle, Genan HOJO, wrote a letter to the Ujiyasu's daughter in which he taught her in detail about family traditions and formalities of the Kira clan, daily manners and preparedness necessary for her to remain a lawful wife in the Kira family, and so on.

8月7日大仏お身拭い（大仏殿） 200人程の僧侶や関係者が、早朝より二月堂の湯屋で身を清め、白装束に藁草履姿で大仏殿に集合し、午前7時より撥遣作法が行われた後、全員でお経を唱え、年に一度の大仏さまの「お身拭い」を行なう。
August 7: Great Buddha Ominugui (Great Buddha Hall): Approximately 200 Buddhist monks and others purify their bodies at the bath house of Nigatsu-do Hall from early morning and gather at the Great Buddha Hall in white clothing and straw sandals; after taking out the Great Buddha's soul, they chant together and clean his body.

また、都市部を中心に発達したお留守居茶屋などの料亭の料理は、酒を飲みながら料理を食べる形式で本膳や懐石のように作法にあまりとらわれないのが特徴であり、これを会席料理と称した（現在最も多く行われているのはこの会席料理である）。
The dishes at restaurants developed centered on the urban areas, for example, 'rusui-jaya' teahouses where the domain's diplomatic officials were regulars, were eaten while drinking sake in eating styles not restricted as honzen or kaiseki (懐石), and these dishes were called kaiseki (会席)-ryori dishes (the dishes served mostly today).

その江戸幕府においても高家が大名に礼儀作法を伝授する際に受け取る「束脩」などは一種の幕府公認の礼銭であり、かの『忠臣蔵』の最初の場面である浅野長矩と吉良義央の遣り取りも実は「束脩」の性質を巡るトラブルと考える事も可能である。
In the Edo bakufu, however, the 'sokushu' (initiation fees) that Koke (government position in charge of rituals and ceremonies) received from Daimyo when teaching manners can be considered to be a type of reisen officially recognized by the bakufu; in fact, it is possible to assume that the fight between Naganori ASANO and Yoshihisa KIRA in the first scene of the 'Chusingura' (The treasury of Loyal Retainers) was over the nature of the 'sokushu.'

切腹の際に怒りのあまり臓物をなげつけたという説もあるが、医学的検証からそのようなことは不可能であること、腹に刀をいれたとたん介錯するという作法があることから、そういった逸話とともに創作された辞世の句か落首の類とも考えられる。
There is a story that he was so enraged during seppuku (suicide by disembowelment) that he flung his entrails away; however, not only has this been proven impossible from a medical standpoint, but also due to the manner of Kaishaku (to assist someone in committing hara-kiri by beheading him), his head must have been cut off the moment the sword entered his abdomen, so the story is fictitious, and it is likely that the death haiku or rakushu (satire) was made up along with it.

武家故実の中でも弓馬や軍陣における実践的な故実と幕府や主君の前における儀礼や作法などの故実が存在したが、戦法の変化によって前者は形式的なものになったのに対して、後者は公家故実とも融合して、室町時代に小笠原流や伊勢流が生まれた。
Within buke-kojitsu, there was practical kojitsu on kyuba (archery and horsemanship) and battle as well as kojitsu on ceremonies and manners for when in front of the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) or one's lord, and while the former became perfunctory due to changes in military tactics, the latter blended with kuge kojitsu and spawned the Ogasawara school and Ise school.

また後継者不足の問題も表面化してきており、その対策としてそば打ちの技術や作法を習得することを目的とした「豊平流そば打ち段位認定制度」を発足させ道の駅豊平どんぐり村で実施したり、新品種「とよむすめ」の栽培を展開するなど各種活動を行っている。
At the same time, however, securing the future generation of soba makers has become a challenge and, as a measure to address the situation, the region has been taking various actions such as; implementing the 'Grade Certification System for Toyohira Soba Makers,' designed to teach the soba-making skills and manners, at Toyohira Donguri-mura Road Station and cultivating the new variety of buckwheat 'Toyomusume.'

糾法とは弓と馬を意味し、七代目の小笠原貞宗は南北朝時代 (日本)に後醍醐天皇に仕え「弓馬の妙蘊に達し、かつ礼法を新定して、武家の定式とするなり」という御手判を賜り、このとき「弓・馬・礼」の三法をもって小笠原流とする武家作法としてのその位置づけが確立。
'Kyuho' was defined as archery and horsemanship, and the 7th head of the clan, Sadamune OGASAWARA, who served Emperor Godaigo during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, was asked by the Emperor 'to improve archery and horsemanship skills and to set new standards for manners, which samurai families should follow'; it was at this time that the Ogasawara school's three arts of 'archery, horsemanship and courtesy' were established as samurai manners.

形態はある人が毎月定家に和歌の添削を請い、それに対し定家が和歌の作法について10種類の有り様（有心体、幽玄な様、事の然るべき様、麗しい様、長高な様、見様、面白い様、一節ある様、濃い様、鬼拉体）を説きながら指導したもので、特に有心体を重要視したものである。
It is a style in which someone asks Teika to correct a waka, and Teika teaches him while preaching 10 types of waka rules of behavior (the ushin (sentiment with artistic sensibility) style, the Yugen (the subtle and profound) style, style with concrete meaning, balanced and harmonious style, elegant style with sense of tension and neatness, style with distinct visual depictions, intellectually artful style, style with uncommon idea, complicated and skilled style, and strong and sharp style), among which Teika especially placed importance on the ushin style.

しかし、普通の人にとっては、こういうふうに多くの人々に支持されている自分の好みというのは、完璧に満足のいく理屈であるというだけでなく、自分の宗教的信条にははっきりと書いていないような道徳、趣味、礼儀作法といった概念のいずれにたいしても、唯一の理屈となります。
To an ordinary man, however, his own preference, thus supported, is not only a perfectly satisfactory reason, but the only one he generally has for any of his notions of morality, taste, or propriety, which are not expressly written in his religious creed;

以上の「神仏への崇敬」「公私における主従関係の徹底」「武芸を重視した教養の習得」「日常からの礼儀作法の厳守」という4点は、伊勢氏に限らず武家一般の基本的なあり方について論じている部分が多く、鎌倉幕府の北条重時による『北条重時家訓』と並んで後世に影響を与えた。
The above four points: 'Reverence to God and Buddha,' 'Relationship between leaders and followers in private and public settings,' 'Education focusing on the military and cultural arts,' and 'Courtesy on a daily basis' are fundamental in the education of samurai families in general, not only the Ise clan, and the book greatly influenced later generations, along with 'Hojo Shigetoki Kakun' ('A family precept by Shigetoki HOJO').

仁明天皇・文徳天皇の時代（833年‐858年間に藤原良房が台頭するとこの傾向は著しくなり、宇多天皇は自ら易学（周易）に精通していたほか、藤原師輔も自ら「九条殿遺誡」や「九条年中行事」を著して多くの陰陽思想にもとづく禁忌・作法を組み入れた手引書を示したほどであった。
This trend became prevalent as FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa gained power during the eras of Emperor Ninmyo and Emperor Montoku (833 - 858) and aside from Emperor Uta being personally familiar with the art of divination (shueki (eki established in the Zhou Dynasty)), FUJIWARA no Morosuke was so well versed in Onmyodo that he wrote 'Kujodonoikai' and 'Kujo nenchugyoji' (Kujo annual events) incorporating many taboos and manners based upon the principles of Onmyo into guidebooks.

この高札を読んだ秀政は、袴をつけ、手水で口をすすぎ、高札を三度押し戴き、「こんな立派な諌めの言葉を私に向かっていえるものは誰もいないはずだ、これはひとえに天の与えさせ給うものだ」といい、家宝として、袋に入れ、箱に収め、家中の者の作法、善悪を糾し、ことごとくを改めさせた。
After Hidemasa read the article on the board, he put on Hakama (formal men's divided skirt) and washed his mouth by chozu (purifying water), held the board three times over his head and said, 'There is nobody who can give such precious words to expostulate me, those words must be given by God,' he put the board in a sack and put it in a box as family treasure, then denounced bad behavior of his retainers and changed their behavior completely.

その一方で道長自身は自らが示した新儀（御堂流）の作法を小野宮流など他家の公卿にも強要しようとしていたことが藤原実資の『小右記』（長和2年正月2日条及び治安 (日本)元年7月25日・26日条など）に記されており、御堂流の手法で公家社会の故実を統一しようとする意図も有していた。
On the other hand, it was written in 'Shoyuki' (in the article on February 20, 1013, or the article on September 10 and 11, 1021 and so on of the diary) by FUJIWARA no Sanesuke that Michinaga tried to force his new style (Mido-ryu) on Kugyo (court nobles) of other families such as Ononomiya family, so he had an intention of unifying ancient practices in the court noble society with Mido-ryu.

外記局や弁官局などが持っていた律令制における公文書管理組織が解体していった10世紀に儀式や公事の作法・判断の典拠として日記に記された先例故実の校勘に求めるようになり、そうした日記を多く所持していた家系がそれを理由として先例故実の家柄として公家社会において重要視されるようになった。
The apparatus to manage official documents under the Ritsuryo system, namely the Gekikyoku (Secretaries' Office) and the Benkankyoku (Controller's Office), was dismantled in the 10th century, which led people to begin seeking to modify the precedents for etiquette and legal judgments of public ceremonies and events according to what was found in the written record as recorded in diaries; this meant that for the noble families of aristocratic society, who tended to own many such diaries and could now use them to defend their own pedigree according to past precedent, great importance came to be attached to diaries.

言い換えると、華厳教学が秘密曼荼羅十住心論において第八（天台法華）ではなく第九住心に配置された意味を併せて考えれば、即身成仏義の重重帝網（無碍）が、一即多・多即一という華厳教学を象徴的にする哲理を重要な基礎として、実践作法の理論的基礎に展開したものとして見ることできるからである。
In other words, from the fact that the Kegon (a thought of virtues are correctly provided due to trainings and performing acts of charity) doctrine was placed not as the eighth (Tendai Hokke) but as the ninth Jushin (stages of Mind Development) in Himitsu Mandala Jujushinron (Ten Abiding Stages on the Secret Mandalas), Juju taimo (endlessly interconnected net of Indra) (unobstructed) of Sokushin Jobutsu gi (Principle of Attaining Buddhahood with the Present Body) can be thought to have developed into a theoretical foundation of practical code based on the philosophy which symbolized the Kegon doctrine of Ichi-soku-ta and Ta-soku-ichi (one is equal to many, many to one).

唐文化の影響を受け、「台盤」と呼ばれるテーブルに全料理を載せたり、「唐菓子」など渡来の料理も添えられるなどの献立の多さもさることながら、食べる側にも食べ物の種類ごとに細かい作法が要求されたことが『内外抄』や『古事談』の記述から分かり、現代人から見ると大変堅苦しい物だったようである。
According to 'Naigai Sho' (selection from inside and outside the country) and 'Kojidan' (Tales About the Past), influenced by Chinese culture, all dishes placed on the table were called 'daiban' and there was an extensive menu including garnished foods introduced from foreign countries such as 'togashi' (Chinese cake), and which also required complicated table manners, and from today's point of view, it seems to have been a very stiff and formal style of eating.

これはまた、摂関が大嘗会で行われる神膳供進の儀で、天皇に儀式の進め方を伝授することが摂関の大きな存在意義となったことをヒントにして、摂関が即位する天皇に対して儀式の作法を伝授する、新たなる密教儀式を取り入れたことを意味しており、即位灌頂は摂関の存在意義の一つとなっていくことになる。
In addition, taking the fact that it became large significance of existence for Sekkan to teach the emperor how to proceed the ceremony at the shinzengushin ritual in Daijoe as a hint, Sekkan incorporated a new ritual of Esoteric Buddhism that he taught the manner of a ceremony to the newly enthroned emperor, and sokuikanjo became one of significant existence of Sekkan.

京極派の歌人として新後撰和歌集以下の勅撰和歌集に計24首採録されているが、政治的才能には乏しかったとされ、『花園天皇宸記』文保元年3月26・27日条には公顕が県召除目の大間書執筆を担当した際に、その作法が分らずに娘婿の二条道平が天皇の御前で舅に教えている有様に記主である花園天皇が憤慨したことが記されている。
While, as a kajin (waka poet) of the Kyogoku school of poetry, he had 24 poems of his own adopted in Chokusen wakashu (anthologies of Japanese poetry compiled by Imperial command) subsequent to Shingosen Wakashu (New Later Collection of Japanese poems), it is said that he had little political ability, and it is recorded in the articles of March 26 and 27 of the first year of Bunpo era (in the old lunar calendar, that is, May 15 and 16 of 1317 in the Gregorian calendar) of 'Hanazono Tenno Shinki' (The Records of Emperor Hanazono) that when Kinaki was in charge of writing Omagaki (a list of candidates) of Agatameshi no jimoku (ceremony for appointing local officials), because he didn't know the manner, he learned it from the husband of his daughter, Michihira NIJO, in the presence of Emperor Hanazono, and that the emperor who wrote these records was indignant at their behaviors.

志野流香道では、左手の上に聞香炉をおき、親指を縁に掛け、香炉を反時計回りにまわして灰の上に記される「聞き筋」（灰の上には形作るときに一本太い筋が作られるが、これを聞き筋といい、この方向が香炉の正面に一致する）を自分とは反対の側へ向け、右手を筒のようにして香炉の上に覆い、その間に鼻を近づけて香を聞く、という作法がある。
The incense burning of the Shino-ryu school is performed by placing the Koro in the left hand, placing your thumb on the edge, turning the Koro around counterclockwise, directing 'kikisuji' (a thick line made on the ash when shaping the ash; the direction of this line corresponds to the front face of Koro) drawn on the ash, toward the opposite side of the listener, placing your right hand in the shape of a tube on Koro, and listening to the incense by approximating your nose in the tube.

ただし、御会始そのものは室町時代に中絶しており、『晴和歌御会作法故実』（著者不明であるが、霊元上皇書写の国立歴史民俗博物館所蔵本がある）という書物によれば、後円融天皇の永和 (日本)年間の和歌御会始を模範として後柏原天皇が明応10年（文亀元年/1501年）正月の月次歌会を独立した儀式として執り行ったことが記されている。
Although Gokaihajime itself ceased to be held in the Muromachi period, Emperor Gokashiwabara held a monthly poetry reading as an independent ceremony on New Year's Day in 1501 on the model of waka gokaihajime during the Eiwa era of the Emperor Goenyu's reign, according to 'seiwa utagokai saho kojitsu' (Ancient Practices of New Year Imperial Poetry Reading Party Manner.) (Its author is unknown, but a copy of the book hand written by the Retired Emperor Reigen is possessed by National Museum of Japanese History.)

室町時代には足利氏征夷大将軍家に仕えた四条流の庖丁人（料理人）・大草公次（三郎左衛門）が「大草流」起こす、畠山氏（詳細不明）から畠山流も起こる、その畠山流の由来、その仕立て方、庖丁式、食事作法など膳部一切を旗本進士次郎左衛門尉へ伝え進士流が起こる、公家社会のみならず武家社会における料理においても、四条流の分派が浸透しはじめた。
In the Muromachi period, - Kimitsugu (Saburozaemon) OKUSA (a master of kitchen-knife (cooker) of Shijo School) who had served the Shogun family of Ashikaga clan established 'Okusa School,' - also, Hatakeyama School started from the Hatakeyama family (detailes unknown), - the origin of Hatakeyama School and everything from its preparation to manners including the recipe, kitchen-knife method, and table manners were transferred to the Shogun's retainer, Jiro SHINJI Saemon no jo (third-ranked officer of the Left Division of Outer Palace Guards) who was to establish the Shinji School, and - branches of Shijo School started to take hold in the cuisine not only in Court noble society but also in Bushi society.

現在、総領家三十二世の姪、小笠原敬承斎なる宗家と称する者が小笠原伯爵邸を教場として教授しているが、（1）歴史的に小笠原弓馬術礼法の三法をもって小笠原流とする本流に反すること、（2）全国各地の神社での神事を行っていないこと、（3）弓馬術は武家作法で、歴史的に男系一子相伝、という3点の事実から、敬承斎は「自称宗家」と見るほうが適切。
Nowadays, Keishosai OGASAWARA, a niece of the 32nd head of the main family, calls herself Soke and teaches classes at Lord Ogasawara's Residence, but she should be considered a 'self-appointed Soke' due to the following three facts: (1) her school goes against the main idea that the Ogasawara school has historically consisted of the three arts of archery, horsemanship and courtesy; (2) her school has not performed shinji (ritual ceremonies) in temples and shrines throughout Japan; and (3) archery and horsemanship are samurai skills and have historically have been handed down to one son only.

逍遥の言葉「・・・要するに、彼の貴族的な、英雄本位、淑女本位の高尚がりの活歴派に対しては、それとは反対の、平民的な、不作法な、凡人沢山、風情沢山の丸本式、草双紙式を発揚し、厳格な、窮屈な外国の審美論に対しては、無主義の、放埒な、いわば不即不離の国劇式を、暗に擁護しようという主張と抱負とが内心にあって、彼の作を書き始めたのである。」
Shoyo said, 'In short, I started to write this work with a view and ambition in my mind to inspire noble, hero- and lady-oriented, intellectual audience, who like historical dramas, the maruhon shiki (style of complete set of books) and kusazoshi-style featuring common, rude people and having a lot of ordinary and interesting scenes--contrary to the characteristics of those audiences--and imply my ambition to support the so-called kokugeki shiki (national drama style)--a non-doctorine, loose, and neutral style--to foreign aesthetes, who hold a strict and rigid view.'

一方、山科小野の地に曼荼羅寺を建立して密教修行の活動拠点を築いた東密小野流の開祖／仁海、御室仁和寺で宇多天皇に灌頂を授けた益信の後進にして、広沢池ほとりに遍照寺を建立した東密広沢流の開祖／寛朝らが事相面の法孫として対照されるが、広沢流／益信とともに、後世野沢三十六流と呼ばれる真言事作法分流における重要な基点を創った法匠として捉える。
Ningai, the founder of the Ono School of Tomitsu (Shingon Sect's esoteric teaching), established Mandala-ji Temple at Ono, Yamashina and founded the base for Esoteric Buddhism's practice, and Kancho, younger than Yakushin, who received the kanjo (a ceremony to be the successor) from Emperor Uda at Omuro-Ninna-ji Temple, founded the Hirosawa School of Tomitsu and established Hensho-ji Temple along the shores of Hirosawa-no-ike Pond, and others are thought to have been successors in practical training and contrasted with Shobo, however, it should be interpreted that Shobo as well as the Hirosawa School of Yakushin made important foundations in Shingon-ji Saho Bunryu (branch schools in manners of Shingon Sect), which was later called Yataku Sanjuroku-ryu (thirty-six schools of yataku (Ono School and Hirosawa School)).

ただし富士門流系の中でも冨士大石寺顕正会だけは例外で、「なんみょー、ほぃーれーんげーきょー、なんみょーほぃーれーんげーきょー、なんみょーほぃーれーんげーきょー」という独自の発声法、「小声で二度『なんみょうほうれんげきょう』と唱えながら礼を二回・題目三唱・もういちど題目三唱・最初と同様に礼を二回」という起源不明の作法（「ご挨拶」と呼ばれる）などが採用されている。
However, Fuji Taiseki-ji Kensho-kai is an exception among the Fujimon-ryu sect lineages; it adopts an original way of pronunciation as 'Nanmyo, Hoi-re-nge-kyo, Nanmyo, Hoi-re-nge-kyo, Nanmyo, Hoi-re-nge-kyo' and a manner such as 'making a bow twice while reciting 'Nanmyohorengekyo' twice in small voice, reciting the Nichiren chant three times, reciting the Nichiren chant three times again, and bowing twice in the same way as the first' (called 'greeting'), the origin of which is unknown.

法第三十二条の三第二項の厚生労働省令で定めるときは、当分の間、第二十条第二項に規定するほか、同項の芸能家、家政婦（家政一般の業務（個人の家庭又は寄宿舎その他これに準ずる施設において行われるものに限る。）、患者、病弱者等の付添いの業務又は看護の補助の業務（病院等の施設において行われるものに限る。）を行う者）、配ぜん人（正式の献立による食事を提供するホテル、料理店、会館等において、正式の作法による食卓の布設、配ぜん、給仕等の業務（これらの業務に付随した飲食器等の器具の整理及び保管に必要な業務を含む。）を行う者）、調理士（調理、栄養及び衛生に関する専門的な知識及び技能を有し、調理の業務を行う者）、同項のモデル又はマネキン（専門的な商品知識及び宣伝技能を有し、店頭、展示会等において相対する顧客の購買意欲をそそり、販売の促進に資するために各種商品の説明、実演等の宣伝の業務（この業務に付随した販売の業務を含む。）を行う者）の職業に係る求職者から求職の申込みを受理した時以降六百七十円（免税事業者にあつては、六百五十円）の求職受付手数料を徴収するときとする。ただし、同一の求職者に係る求職の申込みの受理が一箇月間に三件を超える場合にあつては、一箇月につき三件分に相当する額とする。
The cases specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare as provided by Article 32-3, paragraph 2 of the Act shall be, for the time being, in addition to the cases provided by Article 20, paragraph 2, the cases under which the fee of 670 yen (or 650 yen in case of a tax exempt business provider) for accepting the job application is collected upon acceptance of the job application of a job seeker for occupations pertaining to the entertainer set forth in the same paragraph, domestic helper (a person who provides general housekeeping businesses (limited to those provided at a house of an individual, dormitory or other equivalent facilities)), care-giving or nursing-assisting businesses for patients, invalids, etc. (limited to those provided at a hospital or other equivalent facility), person in charge of serving food (a person who provides table-coordinating, food-serving or waiting businesses, etc. following proper manners at a hotel, restaurant, hall, etc. serving foods by following proper menu (including the businesses necessary for organizing and storing the tools such as the tableware associated with such businesses)), cook (a person having the expertise and skills concerning the cooking, nutrition and sanitation and providing cooking businesses), modeling in the same paragraph or mannequin (a person having the expertise and advertising skills concerning the goods and providing such advertising businesses as the explanation, demonstration, etc. of various goods for stimulating the willingness to spend of the customers over-the-counter or at the exhibition (including the sales businesses)); provided, however, the amount shall be equivalent to the fees for three such cases per month if the number of the job applications accepted from the same job seeker exceeds three per month.