以来: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 以来
- since
- henceforth
- thence
- て以来
- since
- ever since
- from here on
- 神武以来
- since the era of the Emperor Jinmu
- since the dawn of Japan's history
- unprecedented
- 開闢以来
- since the creation (of the world)
- since the dawn of history
- 上古以来
- from (since) ancient times
- from time immemorial
- 一別以来
- since our last meeting
- since we parted
- それ以来
- since then
- from that time
- ever since
- thereafter
- from that time on
- whereafter
- 有史以来
- since the dawn of history
- 中世以来
- since the Middle Ages
- 物心ついて以来
- for as long as one can remember
- 19世紀後半以来絶滅
- extinct since late 19th century
- ローマ時代以来のスパ
- a spa since Roman times
- 以来ずっと友人です。
- We've been friends ever since.
- 更新世以来知られている
- known from the Pleistocene onward
- 1991年以来独立国家
- since 1991 an independent state
- (近世国学以来の新解釈)
- (A new interpretation resulting from the modern study of Japanese classical literature)
- それ以来3年が経過した。
- Three years have passed since then.
- 一 佐スチ以来共御鹽味之事
- One: Considerations (佐スチ以来共)
- 退位以来院政を敷いている。
- He abdicated and ruled as a Retired Emperor.
- 以来、使用は自粛している。
- Since then, they have been refraining from using taiko drums.
- あれ以来彼から便りがない。
- I have heard nothing from him since then.
- 我々はそのとき以来、友達だ
- we were friends from then on
- 戦国時代 (日本)以来の銃。
- This was introduced to Japan during the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States: Japan).
- 彼は先月以来病気だそうです。
- I hear he has been ill since last month.
- あの時以来彼に会っていない。
- I have not seen him since.
- 沼地が干拓されて以来、まれな
- rare since the marshes were drained
- それ以来彼らの消息は不明だ。
- They have never been heard of since.
- 以来、中堅貴族として活躍する。
- Thereafter, it was influential as a middle-ranked nobility.
- 先週の土曜日以来ずっと雨です。
- It has been raining since last Saturday.
- 彼はこの前の日曜日以来病気だ。
- He has been sick since last Sunday.
- 14世紀以来の文化と商業の中心
- a cultural and commercial center since the 14th century
- 1989年以来ほとんど無活動な
- mostly inactive since 1989
- お別れして以来2年たちました。
- Two years have passed since we parted.
- 以来、多くの観光客を集めている。
- Since then, the line has attracted many tourists.
- 以来能楽書林とは深い関係にある。
- Since then, the family has had close relationship with Nohgakushorin.
- 私はその時以来彼にあっていない。
- I have not seen him since then.
- 町はその時以来ずいぶん変わった。
- The town has altered a great deal since then.
- 彼女は高校時以来ずっと変わった。
- She has changed a lot since high school.
- 彼はそれ以来1度も戻ってこない。
- Never has he returned since.
- 彼はそれ以来一度も戻っていない。
- Never has he returned since.
- その時以来彼から何の便りもない。
- I haven't heard from him since then.
- 四時に研究室にいて、それ以来……
- I was in my laboratory at four o'clock, and since then . . .
- それ以来彼から一度も便りがない。
- We have never heard from him since.
- 我々はここに7月以来住んでいる。
- We've been living here since July.
- 以来多くの観光客を受け入れている。
- There have been many visitors ever since.
- 私は1980年以来、神戸にいます。
- I have been in Kobe since 1980.
- わが社も設立以来よく伸びたもんだ。
- Our company has come a long way since it was set up.
- その時以来私達は彼にあっていない。
- Since that time we have not seen him.
- その時以来私は彼女に会っていない。
- I haven't seen her since then.
- その時以来彼女はずっと彼に仕えた。
- From that time on, she always waited on him.
- それ以来彼のうわさは聞いていない。
- He has never been heard of since.
- それ以来、彼の消息を聞いていない。
- He has not been heard of since.
- そのとき以来彼と知り合いになった。
- I have got acquainted with him since then.
- それ以来ずっと私たちは友達である。
- We have been friends ever since.
- それ以来山嵐はおれと口を利かない。
- Porcupine has not spoken to me since.
- 鎌倉時代以来、礼服化していった直垂。
- Since the Kamakura period, hitatare had become a full-dress.
- 以来上方桂一門は文枝を止め名とした。
- Since then Bunshi became 'tomena' (the highest-level stage name) of the Katsura family.
- 私はそれ以来彼の消息は聞いていない。
- I haven't heard of him since then.
- 彼がアメリカへ行って以来便りがない。
- I have not heard from him since he left for America.
- 彼らは1989年以来、ここにいます。
- They have been here since 1989.
- 1988年以来トムに会っていません。
- I haven't seen Tom since 1988.
- もうそれ以来彼に会うこともなかった。
- I saw him no more.
- 昨年以来からは何の便りもありません。
- We have not heard from him since last year.
- それ以来彼らは愛し合うようになった。
- From that time on, they came to love each other.
- あの事故以来、彼の健康は衰えている。
- His health has declined since the accident.
- 彼はそれ以来宗教活動に携わっている。
- He has engaged in religious activity since then.
- 京都大学設立以来のキャンパスである。
- This campus has been used since Kyoto University's foundation.
- デボン紀以来に存在する低い維管束植物
- lower tracheophytes in existence since the Devonian
- 以来、今川氏は幕府高家として存続した。
- The Imagawa clan survived as bakufu koke (privileged family under Tokugawa Shogunate) since then.
- 高校を卒業して以来彼は何もしていない。
- Since he graduated from high school he has not been doing anything.
- 彼は妻が死んで以来酒を飲む癖がついた。
- He has taken to drinking since the death of his wife.
- 彼はそれ以来昼食に酒を飲む癖がついた。
- He has since taken to drinking at lunch.
- ここに来て以来、生活は単調そのものだ。
- Life has been so flat since I came here.
- それ以来我々の勢力範囲は拡大してきた。
- Our sphere of influence has expanded so much since then.
- それ以来彼はだらしない生活をしてきた。
- He has led a loose life since then.
- それ以来彼からは何の便りもありません。
- I have never heard from him since.
- ジョンは1976年以来の知り合いです。
- I have known John since 1976.
- 17世紀以来、英国で支配的な哲学的伝統
- the predominant philosophical tradition in Great Britain since the 17th century
- ぼくはあれ以来かれに会っていなかった。
- I'd never seen him since then.
- これに懲(こ)りて以来つつしむがいい。
- Keep this in your head and be more careful hereafter.
- 「日本開白以来、土民の蜂起之初めなり。」
- It was the first uprising by ordinary people since Japan was founded.'
- 弘長元年(1261年)以来続く伝統行事。
- It is a traditional event which has been held since 1261.
- 以来本庄家を家元として現在に至っている。
- Since then, it has been handed down to the present with the Honjo family as grand masters.
- 大正天皇が拝観して以来一般公開記録なし。
- The statue has never been unveiled to the public since it was visited by Emperor Taisho.
- 1998年以来のアップル社製ハードウェア
- Apple hardware since 1998
- 私はそれ以来ずっとかれの世話をしている。
- I have been taking care of him ever since.
- 台所でころんで以来彼女はぼけてしまった。
- Ever since she fell in the kitchen, she hasn't been all there.
- 僕が最後に君にあって以来君は出世したね。
- You've come up in the world since the last time I saw you.
- 3年前に東京へ来て以来ここに住んでいる。
- I came to Tokyo three years ago and have been living here ever since.
- 彼女は当地に来て以来6回引っ越しをした。
- She has moved house six times since she came here.
- クリスマス以来、ずいぶん太ってしまった。
- I've put on a lot of weight since Christmas.
- それ以来「元離宮二条城」という名称となる。
- Since then it has been called 'Motorikyu Nijo-jo' (former Imperial Villa Nijo Castle).
- 一定期間または出生以来保管されていたこと。
- Have been kept for a definite period, or since birth.
- 後冷泉天皇以来5代の天皇はここに居住した。
- Five generations of emperors after Emperor Goreizei resided in the palace,
- 以来、金剛流の座付として代々ワキを勤めた。
- Since then, they have played the role of waki (a supporting character) exclusively for the Kongo school for generations.
- 私はそれ以来彼のうわさを聞いたことがない。
- I have never heard of him since then.
- 結婚して以来、彼はマイホーム主義になった。
- Since we got married he's become a devoted family man.
- 今世紀が始まって以来、多くの進歩があった。
- Many improvements have been made since this century began.
- 彼は去年の2月以来私達に便りをしてこない。
- He has not written to us since last February.
- 夫を亡くして以来、彼女は身を持ちくずした。
- She has gone to the bad since she lost her husband.
- 爆破予告以来、空港の警備体制は強化された。
- Security at the airport has been stepped up since the bomb scare.
- それ以来こちらに来られたことがありますか。
- Have you been here since?
- 以来、大臣・公卿が任命される慣例となった。
- Since that time, ministers or court nobles became customarily appointed to this post.
- 皇朝十二銭以来の日本で鋳造された銭貨である。
- This is the first coin that was minted in Japan since Kocho Junisen coins.
- 以来、駿河守護・今川氏の被官として存続する。
- Since then, the clan had been served as a low-level bureaucrat of the Imagawa clan, Suruga no kuni Shugo (provincial constable of Suruga Province).
- 頼康は幕府創業以来の宿老として重きをおいた。
- Yoriyasu sustained a certain power as one of the chief vassals from the beginning of the bakufu.
- 前月仲たがいして以来カレンには会っていない。
- I haven't seen Karen since we fell out last month.
- 世界の人口は産業革命以来、3倍以上になった。
- Since the Industrial Revolution, the world population has more than tripled.
- 事件以来あの政治家は人前に出てこなくなった。
- The politician didn't appear in public after the incident.
- 私たちは1960年以来この町に住んでいます。
- We have lived in this town since 1960.
- それ以来ずっととてもよい天気が続いています。
- It has been very fine since then.
- 科学的知識は16世紀以来大いに進歩してきた。
- Scientific knowledge has greatly advanced since the 16th century.
- その日以来彼はその少年と暮らすことになった。
- From that day forth he lived with the boy.
- それ以来、唐桑町の人は先祖代々鯨を食べない。
- Since then, people of Karakuwa-cho have not eaten whales for generations.
- 300年以来アルメニアに設立され独立した教会
- an independent Christian church established in Armenia since 300
- 国民の雰囲気は先の選挙以来急速に変化してきた
- the national mood had changed radically since the last election
- その協会は設立以来、素人の入会を断ってきた。
- The association has excluded amateurs ever since its foundation.
- 住吉社船以来、実に10年ぶりの貿易船となった。
- It was the first trading ship in ten years after Sumiyoshi-jinja zoeiryotosen.
- この地区の町名も大部分は近世以来のものである。
- Most of the town names in this area have been also derived since the early-modern times.
- 平安時代以来、「叫ぶ」に由来するとされてきた。
- Saekibe has been said to derive from 'Sakebu' (to shout) since the Heian period.
- 昭和天皇の崩御以来の自粛ムード再来といわれた。
- It was said that there was the most widespread hesitation of social activities on that day after the demise of Emperor Showa.
- 以来、山田家代々で小笠原家の茶堂を務めていた。
- From then on, generations of the Yamada family performed the tea ceremony for the Ogasawara family.
- 私は子供のとき以来ずっと彼のことを知っている。
- I have known him ever since he was a child.
- 彼は15歳で故郷を出て以来2度と帰らなかった。
- He left his hometown at the age of fifteen never to return.
- それ以来彼は全力をあげて自分の仕事に没頭した。
- Since then he had put his whole soul into his work.
- 以来孔子廟などわずかな建物を残すのみであった。
- After closure, only the Confucian Shrine and a few other buildings were left.
- 創立以来「自由の学風」を建学の精神としている。
- Since it was set up, Kyoto University has kept 'academic freedom' as the spirit of its foundation.
- これは1948年以来、61年ぶりの開扉である。
- 61 years have passed since it was last exhibited in 1948.
- 時政の就任以来、北条氏の権力確立の足場となる。
- SinceTokimasa was appointed to the post of Shikken, he provided the Hojo family with a foothold of their political power.
- それ以来、日本には非常に多くの変化が起こった。
- Since then, a great deal of change has occurred in Japan.
- このあたりは私がここにきて以来建て込んできた。
- The area has been built up since I came here.
- 親じはあの夕方以来、頭を上げたことがないんだ。
- The governor has never held up his head from that evening,
- だから私はそれ以来、常に自分の身を用心しとる。
- I've always been on my guard since then,
- 1975年以来スペインの王(1938年生まれ)
- king of Spain since 1975 (born in 1938)
- それ以来、メンドリは太り、羽毛もつやつやした。
- From that day the Hen became fat and sleek,
- 建物は有史以来、ずっと人間のかたわらにあった。
- Buildings have been man's companions since primeval times.
- 兇行以来いろんな人が歩き廻ったんでしょうね?」
- No doubt many feet have been here since Monday night.''
- 日本の鉄道は創業以来、官設官営を基本方針とした。
- The basic railway policy in Japan was, from the beginning, to build and administer it by the government.
- 掘立柱は原始住居以来の建築に使われるものである。
- Hottate-bashira was used in structures throughout history since prehistoric times when it was used in primitive dwellings.
- それ以来、あの女性が現れることはなかったという。
- After that, the woman never appeared again.
- 私は朝食以来何も食べていないので、とても空腹だ。
- I haven't eaten since breakfast and I'm very hungry.
- 私はその時以来、彼女から便りをもらっていません。
- I have not heard from her since then.
- 物心ついて以来はこんな美しい夜を見たことがない。
- It's the most beautiful night I've seen since I can remember.
- ジョンとメアリーは1976年以来の知り合いです。
- John and Mary have known each other since 1976.
- ダイエットして以来、彼女はずいぶん体重が減った。
- She's lost a lot of weight since she went on a diet.
- シェリーは僕が最後にあって以来本当に太ったなぁ。
- Shelly's really filled out since the last time I've seen her.
- 私たちは学生時代以来ずっとお互いに会っていない。
- We have not seen each other since our school days.
- ジェインが東京に引っ越して以来、連絡がないんだ。
- I haven't heard from Jane since she moved to Tokyo.
- 同社は古代の創建以来、阿曇氏が祭祀を司っている。
- Since the establishment of the shrine, the Azumi clan has been in charge of religious services.
- 新しい職を引き受けて以来、彼女は大金を稼いでいる
- Since she accepted the new position, she has been raking it in
- トムとスーはお互いに1985年以来の知り合いだ。
- Tom and Sue have known each other since 1985.
- 20日早朝、官軍は開戦以来、最大の兵力を投入した。
- In the early morning of 20th, the government army sent the biggest military force since the start of the war.
- その葬儀も村始まって以来の盛大なものだったという。
- His funeral service is said to be of the largest scale ever in the village.
- 以来、三年ごとに世界剣道選手権大会を開催している。
- Since then, it has held the World Kendo Championships every three years.
- 一部の僧侶は得度以来総本山で一生を過ごす者もいる。
- Some monks spend all their lives in sohonzan after entering into priesthood.
- 以来、編暦作業の実務は幕府に移り天文方で行われた。
- Since then, the job of making a calendar was done by bakufu's Tenmonkata.
- 私たちはその時以来、彼女から便りをもらっていない。
- I have not heard from her since then.
- それ以来、彼女は母親を尊敬することが出来なかった。
- Since then she couldn't look up to her mother.
- 彼は1ヶ月前に足を骨折して以来何も出来ないでいる。
- He has been out of action since breaking his leg a month ago.
- 以来西園寺に仕えていた丹波の郷士中川家に生まれた。
- He was born into the Nakagawa family in the town of Tanba, and eventually he went to work for SAIONJI.
- 以来、安産祈願の寺として信仰を集めるようになった。
- Since then, the temple has been attracting people who whishes safe delivery.
- 公家社会では、鎌倉時代以来、家格が定まっていった。
- In Kuge society, family status had become fixed in the Kamakura period and later.
- 数年前に彼が訪れて以来この近隣は少しも変っていない
- the neighborhood had undergone few modifications since his last visit years ago
- 10世紀以来ミュンヘンで作られている、ダークラガー
- a dark lager produced in Munich since the 10th century
- 最初、侍の来た時以来、あった事をいっさい物語った。
- and he related everything that had happened from the time of first visit of the samurai.
- それ以来、キツネは、嘲笑の恥辱にまみれて苦しんだ。
- Thereafter, feeling his life a burden from the shame
- 宇多以来の路線は律令制への回帰を志向したものである。
- The post-Uda policy was aimed at returning to the Ritsuryo system.
- 以来、『君が代』は事実上の国歌として用いられてきた。
- Since then, 'Kimigayo' had been used as the de facto national anthem.
- 以来武者小路千家の家元は高松藩の茶道指南役に就いた。
- Thereafter, iemoto (Head of the School) of Mushanokoji-senke was assigned as Sado shinan yaku (Sado instructor).
- 同志社大学の前身・同志社英学校時代以来の校地である。
- It was initially the campus of Doshisha English School, the predecessor of Doshisha University.
- 源頼朝以来、武家政権の主催者の血族として栄えてきた。
- Since MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, Seiwa-Genji flourished as the blood relatives of the organizers of the samurai government.
- こずえさんは生まれて以来絶望に屈することはなかった。
- Kozue has never given way to despair in her life.
- 1912年以来、日本は選手をオリンピックに送ってる。
- Japan has been sending her athletes to the Olympics since 1912.
- ロンドンへいって以来、彼女は電話をかけてきていない。
- She hasn't phoned since she went to London.
- 以来玉津島と天野に一神両所が並び立ったとされている。
- Since then, the same god has been enshrined in two locations, Tamatsushima and Amano.
- 家が建てられて以来、ずっと二軒とも医院だったらしい」
- Both have been ever since the houses were built.''
- 手紙はそのとき以来ずっと金庫にしまわれたままだった。
- where it reposed from that time forward.
- ビックタニー以来ジムは、最も故障した器材を持っている
- the gym has some of the most knocked-out equipment since Vic Tanny
- ダビデがゴリアテを倒してい以来に最も大きな驚きである
- the biggest upset since David beat Goliath
- 私がはっきりと話して以来、私の同僚は私を村八分にする
- Ever since I spoke up, my colleagues ostracize me
- 世界が始まって以来、運命を定められているように思えた
- it seemed predestined since the beginning of the world
- 以来、レーヨン・ナイロンなどの化学繊維を製造してきた。
- The factory has produced chemical fiber such as rayon and nylon ever since.
- ただし、この地区の町名は大部分が近世以来のものである。
- However, most of the town names in this area have been passed on since the early-modern times.
- 京都府内で新市の誕生は2004年の京丹後市以来となる。
- No new city was formed in Kyoto Prefecture until Kyotango City was formed in 2004.
- 古今以来の伝統を引き継ぎ、かつ独自の美世界を現出した。
- It produced unique beauty, following tradition in all ages.
- それ以来牛鬼はその土地の者には祟りをしなかったという。
- After that, the Ushioni never haunted the local people.
- 以来、武田流弓馬道を名乗り鎌倉市に所在し活動している。
- After that, they have been announcing themselves as the Takeda School of Horseback Archery and operating in Kamakura City.
- 私は高校以来、日本の古典文学を読んだことがありません。
- The last time I read classical Japanese literature was in high school.
- 私達の生活様式はヨーロッパ文明の伝来以来変化してきた。
- Our mode of life has changed since the introduction of European civilization.
- 彼の診療所は、そのスキャンダル以来多くの患者を失った。
- His clinic has lost many patients since the scandal.
- 15年前に卒業して以来私は昔の級友に会ったことがない。
- Since graduation fifteen years ago I have never run into my former classmates.
- 以来、公望の書生として西園寺家に出入りするようになる。
- After that, he would frequently visit SAIONJI (Kinmochi)'s house as a student of Kinmochi.
- 」ものであり、即ち「吾国開闢以来唯一神道是也」とする。
- Therefore, 'this is the one and only true shinto since the beginning of the nation.'
- それ以来、恐怖心がどんどん大きくなってきたのでしょう。
- His fears had been ever since growing upon him.
- 彼は、カルーソー以来最も偉大なテノールと宣伝されていた
- He was billed as the greatest tenor since Caruso
- 地域的ステレオタイプは、創設以来、アメリカの一部である
- regional stereotypes have been part of America since its founding
- この論はそれ以来「ブルックスの法則」と呼ばれるに至り、
- Brooks's Law has been widely regarded as a truism.
- 石川郷に三芦城を築城して居住し、それ以来石川氏を称した。
- He constructed Miyoshi-jo Castle in Ishikawa-go district and lived there, when he took the family name Ishikawa.
- その子松木宗継が宗家以来260年ぶりに大納言に就任した。
- His son, Munetsugu MATSUNOKI, assumed the position of Dainagon (chief councilor of state) 260 years after Muneie held it.
- 江戸期以来の流行により一般においても広く知られてはいる。
- These descriptions are widely known since the book prevailed among people during the Edo period.
- 政元以来の細川政権は崩壊し、三好政権が成立したのである。
- The Hosokawa's government fell apart and then the Miyoshi's government was established.
- 有史以来の防護設備、砦、城、要塞の基本は壁と塔であった。
- Since the dawn of history, basic elements of defense facilities, forts, castles and fortresses were walls and towers.
- 以来法然臨終までの21年間、その許で修学することとなる。
- He studied under Honen for 21 years until the demise of Honen.
- 即位以来現在に至るまで、旺盛に国内外の訪問を行っている。
- He has vigorously visited various districts within and outside the country since his enthronement.
- そのため、江戸時代以来の日本猫の姿は確実に失われている。
- Therefore, the original figure of the Japanese cats since the Edo period has been disappearing for certain.
- その通りにして以来、家は窮迫することがなくなったという。
- Once these were followed, the house was never in distress again.
- 結果次第では、両社に対して2月以来の行政指導が行われる。
- Depending on the results both companies may be put under administrative guidance from February.
- この間の事件以来、二人の関係は目に見えて悪くなっていた。
- After recent events, their relations with each other had grown somewhat cold.
- 裏・先世以来未有此刀百濟■世■奇生聖音故為倭王旨造■■■世
- (On the back side) 先世以来未有此刀百濟?世?奇生聖音故為倭王旨造???世
- 「白鳳より以来、朱雀以前、年代玄遠にして、尋問明め難し。」
- 'Beginning in the Hakuho ('white firebird' era) and continuing up until the Suzaku (vermilion bird era), the age was shrouded in darkness and distance, and it was very difficult to clarify our questioning.'
- ここに、高橋是清以来3代ぶりの政党内閣が復活したのである。
- A party cabinet revived for the first time after the three non-party cabinets.
- それ以来、宗派を問わず灌仏会の代名詞として用いられている。
- Since then, it has been used to refer to Kanbutsue regardless of sects.
- 以来代々茶道頭として仙台藩に仕え、維新後も伝承されている。
- From then on, the Shimizu family served Sendai Domain as masters of the tea ceremony and continued passing it down after the Meiji Restoration.
- 以来、毎年正月8日から17日間宮中で行われるようになった。
- It was subsequently practiced at the imperial palace from the 8th to the 17th day of the first month of every new year.
- 初日から通常興行になったのは帝国劇場開場以来のことである。
- It was when the Imperial Theater opened that they employed the usual performance routine from the first day.
- 以下、古代以来の天皇と政治体制との関わりを中心に解説する。
- Below is an explanation about the Emperors and the political system since ancient Japan.
- 明正天皇以来119年ぶりの女性天皇、後桜町天皇が誕生した。
- Accordingly, Empress Gosakuramachi, a female emperess, was enthroned for the first time in 119 years after Emperor Meisho.
- 以来、この会は毎年11月後半から12月初旬に行われている。
- This event has been organized annually between the mid November and early December since its inaugural year.
- 彼の一族はメイフラワー号以来マサチューセッツ州に住んでいた
- his family has lived in Massachusetts since the Mayflower
- パレスチナ暫定自治政府の結成以来大きな政治的役割を果たした
- has played a largely political role since the creation of the Palestine National Authority
- 1832年以来保守党として知られている英国の政党のメンバー
- a member of political party in Great Britain that has been known as the Conservative Party since 1832
- この前手紙を書いた時以来別に新しい事は何も起こっていない。
- There is nothing new transpired since I wrote you last.
- この前あなたにお会いして以来、かなり進歩されたようですね。
- You seem to have made considerable progress since I saw you last.
- そうして律令制以来の郡・郷が、新しい郡・郷に再編されていく。
- The district and go formed after the Ritsuryo system was reestablished into the new district and go by that process.
- 正嘉年間以来、地震・暴風雨・飢饉・疫病などの災害が相次いだ。
- Before Nichiren wrote the treatise, there had been a succession of disasters, such as earthquakes, rainstorms, famines and epidemics since the Shoka era (1257 - 1258).
- 雨声会は1907年に開かれたものが第1回で、以来数回続いた。
- The Usei-kai was first held in 1907, and was subsequently held several more times.
- これによって江戸時代以来の藩制は廃止され、藩領は整理された。
- Consequently, the fief system since the Edo period was abolished, and the lands of the domains were consolidated.
- 以来上七軒の特色を生かし、少数ながらにし舞台を披露している。
- Since then the atmosphere of the Kamishichiken Geisha district has been brought to life and presented on stage in a modest way.
- 更に、当時箏が江戸中期以来、三味線の後続として発展していた。
- Furthermore in those days, the koto had developed as a sequel to the shamisen since the middle of the Edo period and still had room for development.
- 日本人が歴史が始まって以来知っている唯一の王朝だからである。
- Because the current Imperial family is the only one that Japanese people can find its name in the history of Japan.
- 以来、皇后は同時に2人まで冊立することができるようになった。
- Since then, up to two people could ascend to the throne as empress simultaneously.
- 初世以来観世流の芸系に属し、金春流の太鼓とはまったく異なる。
- It has belonged to the methods and style of the Kanze school since the founder, and is completely different from the drums of the Konparu school.
- 「三代以来の名工」とされ、へら削りの巧みな造形に特徴がある。
- He was called the 'excellent craftsman ever since the third, ' and his specialty was artful formative design by paddle carving.
- 以来その井戸から夜な夜なお菊が皿を数える声が聞こえたという。
- It says that since then, Okiku's voice counting plates was heard from the well night after night.
- 以来、約390年にわたって毎年絶えることなく奉納されてきた。
- Since then, it has been dedicated every year for approximately 390 years.
- 宇多天皇が遣唐使を停めて以来、日本の書道は日本趣味を増した。
- After Emperor Uda stopped sending envoys to Tang Dynasty China, increasingly more Japanese taste was introduced into calligraphy in Japan.
- 我々は衣服を着るようになって以来、お互いが分からなくなった。
- Ever since we wear clothes, we know not one another.
- 頼朝以来、御家人相互の主従関係・支配関係は厳しく禁じられた。
- Since the time of Yoritomo, master-servant or dominant-subservient relationships between gokenin (samurai retainers) were strictly forbidden.
- 本当のことをいえば、あの歌を聞くのはそれ以来好きじゃねぇぜ。
- and I tell you true, I never rightly liked to hear it since.
- 天智天皇8年(669年)以来実に32年ぶりとなる遣唐使である。
- It was indeed 32 years since the last Kento-shi was dispatched in 669.
- このことが好まれ、明治以来数多くの創作作品の題材となっている。
- Thus, writers and other dramatist valued these historical incidents, choosing this subject material for the production of many creative works going forward from the Meiji period.
- 現在でも当時以来の姿を残した環濠集落が、わずかながら存在する。
- There are a limited number of moat settlements which still retain the original features.
- 〔裏面〕「先代以来未だ此(かく、七支刀)のごとき刀はなかった。
- (On the back side) 'Since the previous generation, a sword like this (seven-pronged sword) have not existed.
- 挙兵以来、鎌倉方では非常に大きな戦力を有していたと考えられる。
- Since they had raised their army, the Kai-Genji seemed to have possessed an extremely large military power.
- 幼少の頃より紙切りに興味を持ち、以来、独学で紙切りの芸を磨く。
- He became interested in kamikiri during his childhood, and thereafter he polished up his skills of kamikiri by himself.
- また彼女の即位で、明正天皇以来119年ぶりの女帝誕生となった。
- Also this was the first enthronement of a female Emperor since Empress Meisho, in one hundred nineteen years.
- 以来、画僧たちは仕事に打ち込み、見事な大画像が完成したという。
- Since then, the artist-monks focused on their work and completed an admirable piece of a large portrait.
- これは室町時代以来の狩野家の正系を主張する目的もあったようだ。
- It is said that he had another meaning in writing Honchogashi of emphasizing the legitimate line of the Kano School since the Muromachi period.
- 以来、有沢家代々で不昧公御流儀を伝承し菅田庵を守り伝えてきた。
- Since then, the Arisawa family handed down Fumaiko goryugi from generation to generation, and maintained Kandenan tea hut.
- そしてその時以来、未知の情感が二人の間に籠りはじめたのだった。
- And from that time an undiscovered feeling had held between the two men.
- それ以来ずっと、海から海へ陸から陸へとわしを追いかけ回しとる。
- that it has followed me ever since, from sea to sea and from land to land,
- 「いいですか、出航以来、常に炉の火をがんがん焚き続けたんです。
- 'You must remember that, since we started, we have kept up hot fires in all our furnaces.
- 議会は称号を復活させ、それ以来、英国の主権者によって使用された
- parliament restored the title and it has been used by English sovereigns ever since
- 古代以来、その戦略的位置が南アラビアの主な交易の中心としてきた
- its strategic location has made it a major trading center of southern Arabia since ancient times
- 私の全財産はなくなり、それ以来私は絶望に身をまかせてしまった。
- My entire worldly wealth was swallowed up, and I resigned myself thenceforward to despair.
- 昭和30年(1955年)に北区を分区して以来、現在の境域となる。
- The present boundary of the ward was formed in 1955 when the Kita Ward was separated.
- 昭和30年(1955年)に南区を分区して以来、現在の境域となる。
- The present boundary of the ward was formed in 1955 when the Minami Ward was separated.
- 喜多流は創流以来座付制度を取らず喜多座と呼ばれることはなかった。
- Since its establishment, Kita Style has never adopted the system of 'seat or theatre (za)' and never been called Kita Theatre.
- また古代以来、天皇が行ってきた神道儀式は中世以降衰退していった。
- Shinto rituals emperors carried out since ancient times declined since the medieval period.
- 開館以来途切れることなく行われている大和文華館の伝統行事である。
- This is a traditional event of the Museum Yamatobunkakan and has continued since its opening.
- これにより孝謙天皇以来859年ぶりに女帝が即位することとなった。
- Due to above, it was the first time in eight hundred fifty nine years that an Empress was enthroned since Emperor Koken.
- 即位以来、憲法の精神を守りつつ平成の天皇のあり方を模索している。
- Since his enthronement, observing the spirit of the constitution, he has tried to find the ideal image of the Emperor in the Heisei period.
- 藤原氏を外戚としない天皇は、宇多天皇以来実に170年ぶりになる。
- The Emperor who was not a maternal relative of the Fujiwara clan was born after an interval of 170 years since Emperor Uda.
- 9.11テロ以来、世界の各地で大規模なテロリズムが発生している。
- Since 9.11 large scale acts of terrorism have occurred all over the world.
- 源義家は源氏の祖経基以来、自らの代まで5代続けての叙任であった。
- MINAMOTO no Yoshiie was the fifth successive generation after Tsunemoto (founder of Minamoto clan) to assume this post.
- 確かに、反乱以来、しらふでいたやつは一人もいなかったことだろう。
- Certainly, since the mutiny began, not a man of them could ever have been sober.
- 彼女は、夫が結婚以来127回自分を撮り下ろしたとぼくに自慢した。
- She told me with pride that her husband had photographed her a hundred and twenty-seven times since they had been married.
- 以来約200年を経過した今日でもそれ以上の残闕本資料が出ていない。
- Even today, with 200 years having passed since then, no more incomplete parts have newly found.
- これにより清和源氏新羅三郎義光以来の名門甲斐武田氏嫡流は滅亡した。
- As a result of these battles, the distinguished Kai-Takeda clan of the direct descendants of Shinra-Saburo Yoshimitsu of the Seiwa Genji lineage became extinct.
- 区内の町名は、おおむね近世以来の町界・町名を現代に引き継いでいる。
- Town names in Kamigyo Ward have succeeded most of the borders and names of the towns since the early-modern times.
- 中国の唐朝に対して日本が派遣した遣唐使が停止されて以来の日中交渉。
- It was the first diplomacy between Japan and China since sending Kento-shi (Japanese envoy to Tang Dynasty China) from Japan had been stopped.
- 極一部の居合術流派(江戸時代以来の流派)は鞘木刀で稽古をしている。
- A very small portion of iai-jutsu schools (those founded since the Edo period) practice with saya bokuto.
- 以来現在までに、集中豪雨や台風、梅雨などで15回以上流されている。
- It has been swept away at least 15 times when the river is swollen by torrential downpours, typhoons, and heavy rains during Tsuyu (Japan's rainy season).
- 彼は約10年まえにイタリアへ行き、それ以来ずっとそこに住んでいる。
- He went to Italy ten years ago and has lived there ever since.
- 彼自身の国からイングランドへ去って以来、従者の仕事に従事してきた。
- Since he had abandoned his own country for England, taking service as a valet,
- 前回の調整以来、少なくとも一日経過しないと、ずれを修正できません。
- Not adjusting drift factor because it has been less than a day since the last calibration.
- Not setting clock because last adjustment time is zero, so history is bad.
- 21世紀を迎えて以来、日本アニメはアメリカの主流に入り込んできた。
- Since the turn of the millennium, Japanese animation has entered the mainstream in the US.
- 天守は寛延3年(1750年)に落雷で焼失して以来、再建されなかった。
- The keep was not rebuilt after it burned down due to a lightning strike in 1750.
- 浄土真宗は蓮如以来、「講」と呼ばれる組織のネットワークを持っていた。
- The Jodo Shinshu Sect had maintained a systematic network called 'Ko' since the time of Rennyo.
- このとき皇位継承した明正天皇は称徳天皇以来859年ぶりの女帝である。
- The Empress Meisho who succeeded to the throne on this occasion, was the first female Emperor after Empress Shotoku, first time in 859 years.
- 中世以来、仏教者のために王道が衰え、神道が廃れたのに憤り筆をとった。
- Razan wrote the book out of indignation that the influence of the Imperial family and Shintoism plunged after the medieval period due to the emergence of Buddhists.
- 同年以来、内務省 (日本)は数年間かけて神社の整理事業をおこなった。
- That same year, the prewar Ministry of Home Affairs carried out a shrine reorganization project that lasted several years.
- ――君は例の『四つの暗号』事件以来、からだはすっかりいいんだろう?」
- I trust that Mrs. Watson has entirely recovered from all the little excitements connected with our adventure of the Sign of Four.''
- date 文字列 [%s] を 1969 年以来 %ld 秒とします
- date string [%s] equates to %ld seconds since 1969.
- 11世紀中葉の後期王朝国家の成立以来、国衙軍制は機能停止してしまった。
- After the latter dynastic nation was established in the middle of the 11th century, the kokuga forces system stopped functioning.
- 初祖の定政以来、山城守を世襲していたため「土岐山城守家」とも言われる。
- The Toki family was also called 'the Toki Yamashiro no kami family' because the members of it successively took over the posion of Yamashiro no kami from Sadamasa, who originated the family.
- したがって、紀伝道のみならず相撲の司家として鎌倉時代以来君臨してきた。
- Thus, the family reigned not only as historians, but also as a family of Sumai no Tsukasa since the Kamakura period.
- 近世以来、南北朝のいずれが正統かをめぐって南北朝正閏論が行われてきた。
- Starting in more recent years, debate has been raging over which lineage, that of the Southern or Northern Court, is legitimate (called the Nanbokucho seijunron in Japanese).
- Since the start of the modern era, the Nanbokucho-Seijun-ron debate over which of the Imperial Courts, Southern or Northern, was legitimate has continued.
- これ以来、学界はもちろん在野研究者を巻き込んだ論争が現在も続いている。
- Since then, the controversies, which have involved amateur researchers as well as academic societies, have carried on.
- 過去帳では聖武天皇以来の東大寺有縁の人々の名前が朗々と読み上げられる。
- In Dokuju of a family register of deaths, the names of those who have linked with Todai-ji Temple since the Emperor Shomu are read resonantly.
- また、テレビ開局以来初の大規模イベントとなり、各放送局が実況中継した。
- Moreover, as the Crown Prince's departure was regarded as the first and the largest-scale event since broadcasting service was started, each broadcasting station broadcasted the departure.
- 日本の皇室は現在の日本国につながる国家が始まって以来ずっと続いている。
- The Japanese Imperial Family has a continuous line of succession since the rise of a state leading to modern Japan.
- 「扈従」に由来し、中世以来、武将の身辺に仕えて、諸々の雑用を果たした。
- The term is derived from the word 'kosho' or 'koju' (attendant of a noble person) which from the middle ages was a post that meant serving in close proximity to a busho (Japanese military commander) and taking care of daily chores and affairs.
- もっともこうした自体はアメリカの 1989 年の加盟以来生じていない。
- which has not happened since the US joined Berne in 1989.
- ピーター・アスカムに告白して以来、初めてやることがなくなってしまった。
- For the first time since his avowal to Peter Ascham he found himself without an occupation,
- 以来、越後国の国人として承久の乱では頼連が北条朝時軍に参加するなどした。
- Subsequently, as Kokujin (local samurai) of Echigo Province, Yoritsura participated in the army of Tomotoki HOJO as part of the Jokyu War.
- 鎌倉幕府では仁治元年(1240年)以来、たびたび押買の禁令を出している。
- Since 1240, the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) often issued laws forbidding oshigai.
- 特に上代以来の数々の和歌の歴史が可能にした数多くの本歌取りに特徴がある。
- Honkatori (adaptation of a famous poem) is a remarkable feature of it, having been facilitated by a long history of the waka poem since Jodai.
- 大正以来の大仏殿に対する風雨の被害が積もりに積もり、行われたものである。
- This repair was implemented for the hall, where wind and rain damages accumulated from the Taisho period.
- 官軍南下軍は2月の高瀬の戦い以来目立った成果を収めることができずにいた。
- Since the battle in Takase in February, the force of the government army advancing south had not made any outstanding achievement.
- その前書きによると初出版以来8年間で合計約70万冊が売れたとの事である。
- According to the preamble, 700,000 copies were sold during the eight years since the first was published.
- 公経以来鎌倉幕府の後援を受け、鎌倉時代を通じて摂家をしのぐ勢力をもった。
- Since the generation of Kintsune, the Saionji Family gained support from the Kamakura shogunate and came to power that surpassed the sekke throughout the Kamakura era.
- 2006年度は1963年以来43年ぶりに収穫量が100万トンを下回った。
- In the Fiscal Year 2006, mikan crops were lower by 1 million tons after 43 years since 1963.
- 以来、織田信長や豊臣秀吉らによって城郭の石垣構築にも携わるようになった。
- Thereafter, the Ano-shu Guild became involved in construction of stone walls of castles built by various castellans, including Nobunaga ODA and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.
- これ以来、山へ残った円仁派を山門派、三井寺へ入った円珍派を寺門派と呼ぶ。
- Since then, the Ennin School, which remained on the mountain, was referred to as the Sanmon School, and the Enchin School, which entered Mii-dera Temple, was referred to as the Jimon School.
- 釈迦如来は、インド以来、広く仏教の流布した地域で造像されるようになった。
- Statues of Shakanyorai were shaped over wide-ranging areas, where Buddhism had spread from India.
- 1951年の「東映京都撮影所」としての開所以来、多くの傑作を生み出した。
- Since the opening of the Toei Kyoto Movie Studio in 1951, many great movies has been filmed there.
- 殺人のあった朝にソーホーの自宅を出て以来、完全に姿を消してしまったのだ。
- From the time he had left the house in Soho on the morning of the murder, he was simply blotted out;
- それは、ぼくが部屋に入って以来はじめて彼女の口から飛び出した言葉だった。
- it was the first word she uttered since I came into the room.
- 最終的には339名が逮捕されることとなり「安政の大獄以来の大獄」となった。
- As many as 339 people were arrested at last, this was 'the largest suppression after Ansei no Taigoku (suppression of extremists by the Shogunate).'
- 建武以来追加(けんむいらいついか)とは、室町幕府が制定した追加法の法令集。
- Kenmu Irai Tsuika refers to the supplementary law code established by Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- しかし唐以来、漸次南方の沿岸に海外から交易に訪れる外国の海上勢力が増した。
- However, during and after the Tang dynasty, the influence of foreign vessels visiting the southern costal areas for trade gradually increased.
- 京都府で八幡市以来20年振り12番目、全国で669番目の市として誕生した。
- It became the 12th city in Kyoto Prefecture, the first in 20 years after Yawata City, and the 669th City nationwide.
- 区内の東半部の町名は、おおむね近世以来の町界・町名を現代に引き継いでいる。
- The town names in the eastern half of Nakagyo Ward have succeeded most of the borders and names of the towns since the early-modern times.
- 区内東部の単独町名は、おおむね近世以来の町界・町名を現代に引き継いでいる。
- Independent town names in the east part of the Ward have succeeded most of the borders and names of the towns since the early-modern times.
- 日本の首都にあたるみやこは有史以来、畿内(現在の近畿地方)で遷都してきた。
- Since the dawn of history, the 'Miyako' corresponding to the capital of Japan had been repeatedly relocated within Kinai (present Kinki region, or provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara).
- 平将門の乱以来平穏だった平安時代の関東地方では久しい大規模な反乱であった。
- It was a massive rebellion that happened in Kanto Region which had been peaceful for a long time since Taira no Masakado Rebellion, in the Heian period.
- 元寇以来、内外に諸問題が噴出する中で幕政運営を巡って両者の対立は激化する。
- Confrontation and rivalry became intense over government administration amid internal and external issues erupting one after another since the Mongol invasion attempts on Japan.
- 嵯峨天皇時代に検非違使が創設されて以来、徐々に権限を奪われ有名無実化した。
- Since the position of kebiishi (officials with judicial and police powers) was established during the era of Emperor Saga, danjodai was gradually shorn of its authority and became titular.
- ペストなど7つの対象感染症していない保管施設で出生以来飼育されていたこと。
- Has been kept since birth in a storage establishment where the seven infectious diseases designated have not been confirmed.
- 江戸期以来の慣行として、流儀の謡本は宗家のみに版権が帰属するとされていた。
- Since the Edo period, copyright of Utai-bon of the school was customarily considered to belong exclusively to the Soke.
- 従ってそれ以来、製造業者たちは本物の現金を支給しなければなりませんでした。
- So from then on, manufacturers had to pay real cash.
- マリガンは14ヶ月前に逆転で王座を奪取して以来、まったくの負けしらずです。
- Mulligan has been riding high since he seized the crown in a come-from-behind victory 14 months ago.
- 1980年代の規制撤廃以来、多くの商業銀行に劣らないサービスを提供している
- since deregulation in the 1980s they offer services competitive with many commercial banks
- その上、評定衆にも加えられた頼康は、幕府創業以来の宿老として重きを置かれた。
- In addition, being added to Hyojosyu (the members of Council of State), Yoriyasu was respected as Syukuro (a chief vassal of a samurai family) since the establishment of bakufu.
- その後、1970年(昭和45年)に新丸太町通が開通して以来、急速に発展した。
- Following this, with the opening of the Shin-marutamachi-dori in 1970, the region underwent rapid growth.
- これは幕府制度確立以来の根本制度の変革であり、幕府権力の低下も意味していた。
- This was a change of the bakufu's fundamental system since its establishment, which meant the bakufu to be losing its authority.
- 勝と西郷は元治元年(1864年)9月に大坂で面会して以来の旧知の仲であった。
- Katsu and Saigo knew each other since they met in Osaka in September 1864.
- イギリスは、義和団事変以来満州から撤兵しないロシアを牽制したいと考えていた。
- Britain had wanted to keep Russia in check, which had not withdrawn troops from Manchuria since the Boxer Uprising.
- 当校は開設以来、毎年200名から300名の卒業生を社会に送り出してきました。
- Our school has sent 200 to 300 graduates into the world each year since our founding.
- ただ、代数方程式の重解の考察にからんで多項式の微分が関孝和以来扱われている。
- The exception was that since the time of Takakazu SEKI, polynomial differentials had been considered in relation to repeated roots in algebraic equations.
- その記事、各新聞紙上に現はれて以来、ハイカラーといふ語の流行を来すに至れり。
- Since the article appeared in various newspapers, the word haikara has been popular.
- それ以来、保津川には怪火が現れるようになり、人はこれを姥ヶ火と呼んだという。
- Since then, a fiery apparition appeared in Hozugawa-river and people called this ubagabi.
- それ以来、明治の終局まで大体において我が国の書風に変化というものはなかった。
- During the period from that time to the end of the Meiji period, roughly no changes were made in calligraphy of Japan.
- 以来、七瀬の祓い所の一つとして貞観 (日本)元年には従五位上の神階を賜った。
- Since then, it has been given the status of the divine rank of Junior Fifth Rank, Upper Grade as one of Nanase no haraidokoro in 859.
- これらの堂宇は、創建以来たびたび火災に見舞われ、焼失と再建を繰り返してきた。
- There are many instances of fire within the temple grounds but any damaged buildings were reconstructed on every occasion.
- 興福寺は、創建以来たびたび火災に見まわれたが、その都度再建を繰り返してきた。
- There are many instances of fire at Kofuku-ji Temple but it was reconstructed on every occasion.
- これが最初の希望の光だよ、攻撃に失敗して以来はじめてのな、おまえのおかげだ。
- This is the first glint of hope I had since the attack failed, and I owe it you.
- 1980 年以来、かれらは SF 大会のホテルの一室でアニメを上映していた。
- Starting in 1980, they would show anime programs in one of their hotel rooms at science fiction conventions.
- こうして、律令制以来の国司の職権は、室町期において名実ともに消滅したのである。
- Thus, the authority of kokushi, which had been maintained since the enforcement of the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), disappeared both in name and reality in the Muromachi period.
- 明治の時代になっても、沖縄県では法整備が遅れ、旧琉球王国以来の体制が継続した。
- Even in the Meiji period, legal systems were not developed in Okinawa Prefecture and the old systems which had been used since the age of the Ryukyu Kingdom were still in effect.
- 上記のように幕末期以来大量の金が国外に流出していたため、金準備が不足していた。
- As mentioned above, gold was insufficient because a lot of gold had flowed outside the country since the end of the Edo period.
- そのような状況での決死の救助活動であり、以来、日本海軍への護衛依頼が殺到した。
- It was a death-defying rescue work in such circumstances, and, since then, Imperial Japanese Navy had a rush of requests for escorts.
- 1277年(建治3年)九州で時宗の祖一遍に師事して以来、一遍の諸国遊行に従う。
- After becoming the disciple of Ji Sect founder Ippen in 1277 in Kyushu, he accompanied him on his travels around Japan.
- それ以来私は彼女に会いませんし、従ってこの奇妙な事件についても何も知りません。
- and I have not seen her since, nor do I know anything more about this strange business.
- 白亜紀以来絶滅したと考えられた魚だが、1938年にアフリカの海岸沖で発見された
- fish thought to have been extinct since the Cretaceous period but found in 1938 off the coast of Africa
- 赤シャツさんと堀田さんは、それ以来折合(おりあい)がわるいという評判ぞなもし」
- Since then they say Red Shirt-san and Hotta-san are on bad terms.'
- 江戸幕府成立以来、京都とその周辺の行政は京都所司代及び京都郡代が管轄していたが、
- Since the establishment of the Edo bakufu, Kyoto Shoshidai and Kyoto Gundai were in charge of administration in Kyoto and the neighboring areas.
- 縄文農耕論は、明治時代以来の長い研究史があり、農耕存否の論争は現在も続いている。
- The farming theory of the Jomon period has a long history of study since the Meiji period and the existence of farming is still being debated today.
- 古式な真言宗の伝法の悉くを35歳の若さで灌頂し、弘法大師空海以来の才と称された。
- He was conferred every old-style teaching of Buddhism in Shingon sect at the young age of 35 and was described as a great talent since priest Kobo-Daishi Kukai.
- 一日を6分割して不断念仏する集団(ないし成員)を指し、古代以来、顕密寺院にいた。
- It refered to the group (or member) who divided a day into six parts and kept practicing nenbutsu (Buddhist invocation), and they usually used kenmitsu-jiin (exoteric temples of Esoteric Buddhism) since the group had been formed.
- そこで真言密教を開宗し、以来、大宝寺 (五島市)を西の高野山というようになった。
- There, he founded Shingon Esoteric Buddhism, and thereafter, the Daiho-ji Temple (located in Goto City) came to be called western Koyasan (Mt. Koya).
- これには空海以来の歴代長者の任命日・俗姓・師資・年譜などが人別に記載されている。
- The records describe the dates of appointments, secular surnames, masters, disciples and chronological records of the respective Choja since Kukai.
- 頼光の病気はその後すぐに回復し、土蜘蛛を討った膝丸は以来「蜘蛛切り」と呼ばれた。
- then, Yorimitsu soon recovered from his illness, and thereafter the sword 'Hizamaru,' with which Yorimitsu slashed Tsuchigumo, began to be called 'Kumogiri' (Tsuchigumo cutter);
- 因みに同社の「クラシックパンツ」の包装紙は販売開始以来同じデザインを続けている。
- By the way, the wrapping paper for 'Classic Pants' of the said company has been kept the same in its design since the start of the sales.
- 10世紀末に小槻奉親が左大史に補任されて以来、小槻氏の嫡系は代々左大史に昇った。
- After OTSUKI no Tomochika was appointed Sadaishi at the end of the 10th century, descendants of his stem family succeeded Sadaishi for generations.
- あれ以来と云うもの、僕たちはただの一日だって、平和だったことはありアしないんだ。
- We have not had a peaceful hour since -- not one.
- 宗教改革以来いくつかの改訂版があり、その言葉の威厳と美しさのために広く賞賛される
- has had several revisions since the Reformation and is widely admired for the dignity and beauty of its language
- これは奈良時代以来、廃太子の際には何らかの容疑が付けられていることからも示される。
- This theory is also supported by the fact that some suspicions were thrown on the crown princes whenever they were expelled after the Nara period.
- 一方福澤諭吉は「学者職分論」以来、こうした官/民の立場の違いに意識的であり続けた。
- On the other hand, Yukichi FUKUZAWA continued to be conscious of such difference of the stances between public sector and private sector since his theory on the duty of scholar.
- 1875年(明治8年)以来3回、地方民情を知るために、県令および府知事を招集した。
- Prefectural governors gathered three times since 1875 to learn of the living conditions of people in district areas.
- 長野での初対決で武田・上杉両軍による甲冑武者パフォーマンスが行われ、以来定着した。
- In the first match in Nagano between the two teams, persons wearing armors of Takeda's forces and those of Uesugi forces staged performances, and such performances have been staged there thereafter.
- 以来、日本最大の観光地である京都の迎賓館として最高級ホテルとして君臨し続けてきた。
- Since then, the hotel has kept the position of the highest-class hotel, as the guest house of Kyoto, the largest sightseeing place in Japan.
- 中世-近世以来もちいられてきた古くからの総称としては、他に日興門流、大石寺派など。
- There are also Nikkomon School, Taisekiji School, and so on, as the old generic names used in and from the medieval period and the early-modern period.
- 一方で、平安時代の『七大寺巡礼私記』以来の、玄ボウの首塚である、という伝承もある。
- On the other hand, there is a tradition that it was Genbo's Kubi-zuka (burial mound for heads) since 'Shichidaiji Junrei Shiki' (Private Journal of a Pilgrimage to the Seven Great Temples) in the Heian period.
- 明治14年(1880年)に維新以来の功労を顕彰され、家格を世襲親王家に改められる。
- In recognition of his distinguished services after the Meiji Restoration, his family rank was changed to hereditary Imperial prince's family in 1880.
- 島にきて以来の絶望的な状況の中起こった、数少ない幸福な出来事を歓びあう三人と千鳥。
- The three and Chidori were happy that something good had happened since they had been sent to the island.
- これは「神武天皇以来、一貫して男系で継承されてきた血筋」と言い換えることができる。
- This can also be paraphrased as 'the blood line which has consistently succeeded as the male line since Emperor Jimmu.'
- また、皇族の父親を持たない皇后が、皇族身分を認められたのもこの時以来のものである。
- It was since this time when empresses whose fathers were not of the Imperial Family were admitted as a member of the Imperial Family.
- 1967年、第一回日本能楽団欧州公演に加わって以来、積極的に海外公演を行っている。
- Since he joined the Japan Noh Troupe's first performance tour to Europe in 1967, he has been active in overseas performances.
- 飛鳥時代以来の仏師を中心とした技術者たちは、仏工(ぶっこう)として造仏所に属した。
- Engineers, most of them were busshi since the Asuka period belonged to zobutsusho as 'bukko' (sculptors of Buddhist statues and altar fittings).
- この饅頭を利休が大変気に入り、それ以来利休の茶会には必ずこの饅頭が出されたという。
- It is said that Rikyu liked this manju very much, and since then this manju was always served at the tea ceremonies held by Rikyu.
- あの政治家はいわゆるリクルート・スキャンダルが発覚して以来落ち目になってしまった。
- That politician has come down in the world since the so-called 'Recruit scandal' was publicized.
- 戒壇院の建物は江戸時代末期の嘉永元4(1851年)に焼失して以来再建されていない。
- The Kaidan-in was not rebuilt after being burnt down in a fire in 1851, at the end of the Edo Period.
- そのお祭り騒ぎをヴェロナ始まって以来の規模でするためには費用はおかまいなしだった。
- No cost was spared to prepare such festival rejoicings as Verona had never before witnessed.
- タイムマシンで到達して以来、一週間ほどにわたり、雨がまったく降らなかったからです。
- for since my arrival on the Time Machine, a matter of a week, no rain had fallen.
- こんなにむごい仕打ちをしたのは、バーベキューをひざまづかせた日々以来のことでした。
- It was his grimmest deed since the days when he had brought Barbecue to heel;
- ――ところが、先週の月曜日以来と云うもの、私たちの間には急に隔たりが出来たんです。
- And now, since last Monday, there has suddenly sprung up a barrier between us,
- 以来基氏の子孫が鎌倉府の長官(鎌倉公方)となり、関東管領として上杉氏が代々補佐した。
- Since then, Motouji's descendants inherited the top post of the Kamakurafu (Kamakura kubo) and the Uesugi clan supported Kamakura kubo as Kanto kanrei (a shogunal deputy for Kanto region) for generations.
- 第二に中世以来の「無縁」概念(都市をアジールとする考え)との関連性も指摘されている。
- Secondly, it is also pointed out that jishi menkyo had a connection with the concept from the medieval ages that the town was the 'asylum' (the area on which the political power could not exert its sovereignty).
- 古河公方家の祖である鎌倉公方家は、足利尊氏の子の足利基氏以来代々関東を支配していた。
- The Kamakura-kubo family, who were the forefathers of Koga-kubo, ruled the Kanto region for generations from the era of Motouji ASHIKAGA, who was the son of Takauji ASHIKAGA.
- ここに江戸幕府は事実上「滅亡」し、家康以来続いた260余年の支配に終止符が打たれた。
- This virtually marked the end of the Edo Shogunate which lasted for over 260 years.
- 畿内においては、中世以来有力寺社との結びつきが強く、多くが各寺社の管理下に置かれた。
- In Kinai (now refers to Osaka, Kobe and Kyoto areas), Hinin had strong ties with influential temples and shrines since the feudal period and many remained under the control.
- 三千家の中で裏千家の流儀を特徴づけるのは11代玄々斎以来特に顕著な「積極性」である。
- Among the three Sansenke schools, the Urasenke school has been featured by its particularly prominent 'positive attitude' since the generation of Gengensai, the eleventh headmaster of the school.
- それ以来三十年余の長きにわたって、格知学舎で仏教、儒教を中心に漢学の指導に当たった。
- Thereafter, he taught Chinese classics; mainly, Buddhism and Confucianism, at Kakuchi Gakusha for about 30 years.
- 江戸時代以来、高品質な酒を産出してきた灘五郷では宮水と呼ばれる硬水が使用されていた。
- Nada gogo (literally, five districts in Nada) where high quality sake have been produced since the Edo Period, hard water called Miyamizu have been used.
- 傍系であった閑院宮家出身のためか、中世以来絶えていた朝廷の儀式の復興に熱心であった。
- It could be due to the Emperor being from the Kaninnomiya family of a collateral line, but he was keen to restore the ceremonies of the Imperial Palace, which had been lost since medieval times.
- 以来、江戸城に毎年鮎を献上するのが慣例となり、鵜匠21戸に各10両の扶持を給与した。
- Since then, it became a practice to offer ayu to Edo-jo Castle every year, and each of 21 usho was entitled a stipend of ten ryo.
- その時以来、彼は自分を虐待するものに対して尽きる事のない憎しみを感じるようになった。
- From that moment on, he felt undying hatred for his oppressors.
- 日本では、8世紀初頭以来、律令に基づいた土地支配・租税収取が政府によって行われてきた。
- In Japan, land had been controlled by the government under the ritsuryo legal codes in order to collect land taxes since the early eighth century.
- 箱式石棺は、板状の石材で遺骸のまわりを箱状に囲いこむもので縄文時代以来の埋葬法である。
- Hakoshiki-sekkan consisted of making an enclosure with stones around the dead body like a box, and is the burial method from the Jomon period.
- しかし朝鮮の立場は建国以来、明の属国であり、その外交方針をここで変える意思はなかった。
- However, the Joseon Dynasty had been a tributary nation to Ming since its establishment, and it would not change its diplomatic policies.
- 建武以来追加も建武式目以後に追加された御成敗式目の追加法という立場に立ったものである。
- Kenmu Irai Tsuika was established supplemental to Goseibai Shikimoku and was added to Goseibai Shikimoku after the Kenmu Code.
- しかし、エルトゥールル号は出港以来蓄積した艦の老朽や物資・資金不足は限界に達していた。
- However, the damage to the hull and commodity and financial shortage of the Ertuğrul had piled up so much since her departure that it was now nearly impossible for her to sail back.
- 江戸幕府は、直轄の軍事力としては、旗本や御家人からなる戦国時代以来の体制を続けてきた。
- Edo bakufu maintained the system that lasted since the Sengoku period (period of warring states), with hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu) and gokenin (shogunal retainers), as a military power under its direct control.
- 大口樵翁門下の林津南が鳥取藩茶道方となって以来、林家が代々この地で大口派を伝えてきた。
- Since the appointment of Sho OGUCHI's student, Tsunan HAYASHI (林津南), as the Sadokata (tea master) of Tottori Domain, the Hayashi family has taught the Oguchi-ha style in Tottori.
- というのも僕が思うにノアの箱舟以来、これほど甘やかされた船乗りもいなかっただろうから。
- for it is my belief there was never a ship's company so spoiled since Noah put to sea.
- この国の建国以来、アメリカ人の各世代は国家に対する忠誠を証明するために召集されてきた。
- Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.
- だが、その初代である有宣は応仁の乱以来の混乱を避け、若狭国(おおい町)の荘園に下向した。
- However, Arinobu, the first family head, left the capital and went down to shoen (manor in medieval Japan) in Oi-cho in the Wakasa Province to avoid the turmoil of the Onin War.
- そもそも死罪は薬子の変以来200年以上行われていなかったが、信西が復活させたものである。
- The death penalty, in the first place, had not been imposed for more than 200 years since the Kusuko Incident (Kusuko-no-Hen), but it was reinstated by Shinzei.
- 日本では平安時代の皇朝十二銭以来久しく途絶えていた中央政府による鋳造貨幣であるとされる。
- In Japan, it was considered as the first mintage issued by the central government after many years, since the 'Kocho -Jyunisen' coin (the twelve types of coins minted by the imperial court) was discontinued in the Heian Period.
- 平安時代の10世紀頃、武士が登場して以来、騎射・弓術は武士の表芸として弓馬の道とされた。
- Since Samurai appeared in the 10th centuries during the Heian Period, Kisha and Kyujutsu had been considered to be Kyuba-no-michi as a profession of the Samurai.
- 留め漉きは、奈良時代の紙漉きの伝来以来の古代の製紙法が原型であり、古い歴史を有している。
- The prototype for Tome-suki was the ancient paper making method used since the Nara period, so it has a long history.
- 理由は、大の甘党の上に、ドイツ留学中に細菌を顕微鏡で見て以来潔癖症になってしまったため。
- This is because he not only loved sweets but also because he became obsessed with cleanliness after observing germs under a microscope while studying in Germany.
- 1016年(長和5年)藤原道長の法華三十講の講師となって以来、朝廷の貴族の間で活躍した。
- Since he had served as the lecturer at the Thirty Lectures of the Lotus Sutra held by FUJIWARA no Michinaga in 1016, he was active among the Imperial Court aristocrats.
- 後の1678年、霊元天皇の乳母であった円光院文英尼が開山して以来、皇室の祈願所となった。
- The temple has been the Imperial Family's place of prayer since its founding in 1678 by Enkoin Buneini, a wet nurse of Emperor Reigen.
- 鹿せんべい飛ばし大会が1993年以来、毎年若草山の山開きの日(春分の日)に行われている。
- The Shika-senbei Throwing Tournament has been held since 1993 on Spring Equinox Day when Mt. Wakakusa opens for its spring climbing season.
- 以来、あの鼻を痛がる者は現れず、薮の中から歌い踊る声も聞こえなくなったということである。
- Since then, the man with the hurting nose had not appeared, and voices of singing and dancing had not been heard from the thicket.
- このほか、2002年以来、毎年12月にザ・グレイト・ブッダ・シンポジウムが開かれている。
- Since the Year 2002, 'The Great Buddha Symposium' is held in December every year.
- 創建以来、東大寺に属しその鎮守社とされてきたが、明治の神仏分離の際に東大寺から独立した。
- Since its foundation, it has belonged to Todai-ji Temple as its chinju-sha shrine (a guardian shrine of a temple), but it attained independence from Todai-ji Temple at the time of the separation of Buddhism and Shintoism in the Meiji Period.
- 8世紀前期に登場した玄宗 (唐)は、武則天以来の官職増員政策を改め、官職の抑制に努めた。
- Genso (Tang) appeared in the early eighth century and changed the policy on increasing the number of officials which had continued since Busokuten's era and tried to restrain their numbers.
- 名は、江戸時代作成の系図以来、勝子(しょうし)とされることが一般的であるが、確証はない。
- Her real name has been generally considered Shoshi since a genealogy was made in the Edo period, but there is no evidence to prove it.
- 今この瞬間、フィリアス・フォッグは心の中で、ロンドン出発以来費やした時間を計算していた。
- He was at this moment calculating in his mind the number of hours spent since his departure from London,
- セッコの後ろのバカでかい黒人はある名前を捨てて以来、いろんな名前を使ってきたやつでした。
- That gigantic black behind him has had many names since he dropped the one
- やがて有世以来代々の当主の屋敷が土御門の地にあったことから、「土御門」を名乗る事となった。
- In the course of time, since Ariyo and his descendants had their family head's residence in Tsuchimikado, they began to use the name 'Tsuchimikado.'
- (この事件以来、清雪門は「不開門(あかずのもん)」と呼ばれ、閉ざされたままとなっている。)
- (The Seisetsu Gate has been closed since this case, and called 'Akazu no Mon' [a never-opened gate].)
- 幼少の頃に見た2代目林家正楽の紙切り芸に魅せられて以来、切り絵は大好きな遊びの一つとなる。
- She was fascinated by the kamikiri performance of the second Shoraku HAYASHIYA in her childhood, and after that, kamikiri became one of her favorite amusements.
- ところで、無明は無始以来のものであるから、それに依拠する不覚に対しては「始覚」といわれる。
- As an aside, the esoteric Buddhist concept of avidya (ignorance) comes after the beginning-less (Mushi) concept and as such, lack of dependence is called 'Shikaku' (acquired enlightenment).
- また、国立国会図書館は全国書誌の作成とともに開館以来『雑誌記事索引』を作成、頒布している。
- The NDL has, since its opening, also compiled the 'Japanese Periodicals Index' for circulation as well as the national bibliographies.
- こうして、寛永2年(1625年)の有栖川宮(高松宮)が創設されて以来の新宮家誕生となった。
- Thus, the new Miyake was established, and it was the first time since Arisugawa no Miya (Takamatsu no Miya) was established in 1625.
- 「無常」「無常観」は、中世以来長い間培ってきた日本人の美意識の特徴の一つと言ってよかろう。
- The 'mujo' and 'mujo views' could be said to be unique characteristics of the Japanese concept of beauty that has grown over many years since the medieval era.
- 禅宗では袈裟は嗣法(釈迦以来の仏法が師匠から弟子に正しく伝えられること)の重要な証である。
- In the Zen sect, kesa is positive proof of shiho (the dharma founded by Shakyamuni is inherited by a disciple from a priest master).
- 飛鳥時代の孝徳天皇による大化がその始まりであり、以来15世紀に渡って使われ続けてきている。
- It started with gengo 'Taika' in the reign of Emperor Kotoku in the Asuka period and has been used for fifteen centuries.
- 実朝死後の源氏嫡流として足利将軍家を確立し頼朝以来の源氏将軍を復活させるに至ったのである。
- He established the Ashikaga shogun family as the direct descendant of the Minamoto clan after the death of Sanetomo, and he managed to revive Genji shogun since Yoritomo.
- 日本の書道史(にほんのしょどうし)とは、有史以来、現在までの日本における書道の歴史である。
- Calligraphy history in Japan covers from ancient times to present day.
- 避けるべく求められているのは、天地開闢以来今日まで、審問され糾弾されてきたものばかりです。
- The only things it is sought to prevent are things which have been tried and condemned from the beginning of the world until now;
- ベルモントの1マイル半の成績は、1973年以来事務局によって維持されている2分24秒である
- the track record for the mile and a half at Belmont is 2 minutes 24 seconds held by Secretariat since 1973
- ハードウェア時計を %.2d:%.2d:%.2d に設定 = 1969 年以来 %ld 秒
- Setting Hardware Clock to %.2d:%.2d:%.2d = %ld seconds since 1969
- 京都市街の西に位置し、平安時代に貴族の別荘地となって以来、京都の代表的な観光地となっている。
- Arashiyama, located in the west of urban area of Kyoto City, has represented sightseeing areas in Kyoto ever since noble families used this place as a resort area in the Heian period.
- 第58代光孝天皇以来、千年近く絶えてなかった漢風諡号選定を復活させ、「光格天皇」と諡された。
- It was the first restoration of Chinese-style posthumous name selection since the fifty-eighth Emperor Koko, and the first in 1,000 years, whereby he received the posthumous name 'Emperor Kokaku.'
- 大泉逸郎『孫』、氷川きよし『箱根八里の半次郎』以来大ヒットはなく、全体的な低迷が続いている。
- Enka music on the whole continues to slump without creating any big hits after 'Mago' by Itsuro OIZUMI and 'Hakone Hachiri no Hanjiro' by Kiyoshi HIKAWA.
- 古代に日本酒が最初に醸されて以来、むしろ品質的にはもっとも高い水準に達していると言ってよい。
- It can be said that the quality of sake is the highest it has been since sake began to be brewed in ancient times.
- が、これは蘇軾が祖父の名前「序」を避けて以来広まったのであり、あえて「叙」と表す必要はない。
- However, the character '叙' does not have to be used consciously; it was spread since Su Shi used it to avoid using '序' which was also his grandfather's name.
- 人間は地上への最初の出現以来、つねに情報を集め、有用な考えを他の人間に伝達しようとしてきた。
- Since their first appearance on earth, men have gathered information and have attempted to pass useful ideas to other men.
- 藤原京や平城京の大寺の金堂に比較すれば小規模だが、創建以来の規模を保っているものと思われる。
- Although it is smaller than the Kon-do Hall of big temples in Fujiwara-kyo (the Fujiwara Palace; the ancient capital of Fujiwara) and Heijo-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Nara), it seems to have the same scale as when it was founded.
- それで、イスラエルの人々はホレブ山以来その飾りを取り除いていた。 (出エジプト記 33:6)
- The children of Israel stripped themselves of their jewelry from Mount Horeb onward. (Exodus 33:6)
- 安倍氏(阿倍氏)は阿倍比羅夫や阿倍仲麻呂で知られるように大化前代以来の豪族・貴族の家系である。
- The Abe clan (安倍, also written as 阿倍), famed for its members ABE no Hirafu and ABE no Nakamaro, had been a line of local ruling families and nobility since the time preceding the Taika Reforms.
- 1951年(昭和26年)以来、宮中で行われる歌会始の講師(こうじ)を務め、披講会会長を務めた。
- Since 1951, he served as a koji (presenter of poems) of the ceremony of the Utakai Hajime (Imperial New Year's Poetry Reading) held in the Imperial court and the chairman of hikokai (a group of descendants of the former nobility who serve the New Year Imperial Poetry Reading Party).
- 大坂においては、幕府の金庫同然であったから、享保以来、買米を命じられたことは10余度に及んだ。
- In Osaka, the Kurayashiki was similar to a cashbox for the government, they were ordered to buy rice over 10 times since Kyoho era.
- 以下の城を除く城地での築城は許されず、これらの城地以外は中世以来の城郭であっても陣屋とされた。
- It was not allowed to build a castle in places other than those castle sites listed below, and even those places where castles had existed since the medieval period (the Kamakura and Muromachi periods) were designated as jinya:
- 一方で、宋銭の大量流入による物価高騰や、唐朝滅亡以来の異国に対する社会不安なども起こっている。
- On the other hand, such measures caused price increase by the huge influx of Sung currency and social anxiety against foreign countries since the fall of Tang Dynasty.
- 小笠原流煎茶道(おがさわらりゅうせんちゃどう)は小笠原長清の父、加賀美遠光以来の作法とされる。
- The Ogasawara-ryu sencha tea ceremony is believed to have been started by Nagakiyo OGASAWARA's father, Tomitsu KAGAMI.
- 2000年の『浮世絵春画を読む』以来、田中優子との協同作業で春画や近世遊里に関する著作が多い。
- With the 'Ukiyoe Shunga o Yomu' (A reading of erotic Ukiyoe) published in 2000 as a beginning, he has written many books on Shunga (erotic Ukiyoe) and a red-light district of the early-modern period in collaboration with Yuko TANAKA.
- それ以来、彼は心から悔い改め、不正に手にいれた領地を放棄して、余生を修道院で送ろうと決心した。
- Thenceforward he became a true penitent, and resolved, relinquishing his unjust dominion, to spend the remainder of his days in a religious house.
- 系図が見たけりゃ、多田満仲(ただのまんじゅう)以来の先祖を一人(ひとり)残らず拝ましてやらあ。
- If they want to look at my family-record, they will bow before every one of my ancestors from Mitsunaka Tada down.
- 木棺直葬は、墓坑内に顕著な施設をつくらずに木棺を置いただけのもので、弥生時代以来の埋葬法である。
- The wooden coffin method was to simply place a wooden coffin and make no space in the tunnel; this is a burial method from the Yayoi period.
- 『永禄以来年代記』によると、'明智坂本に城をかまへ、山領を知行す、山上の木にまできり取'とある。
- According to 'Choronicle of Eiroku Era,' there is a description that 'AKECHI built a castle in Sakamoto, governed the estate and cut down the trees on the mountain.'
- 元寇以来の政局不安などにより、諸国では悪党が活動し、幕府は次第に武士層からの支持を失っていった。
- The political situation had been unstable ever since the Mongol invasion, and due to this and other factors, criminals were active in several provinces, while the shogunate gradually found itself losing the support of the warrior class.
- それ以来、独自の宗風を保ち、また、泉涌寺は皇室の御陵所・香華寺とされて、皇室との関係が深かった。
- After that, the sect kept its own unique manner, and was designated as an Imperial mausoleum, Koge-ji temple (general name for temples where ihai or ancestral tablets are enshrined) and relations with the Imperial House was deepened.
- 53歳で東寺南池院源仁から伝法灌頂を受け、56歳で阿闍梨位を得て、空海以来の真言密教正嫡となる。
- He received denpo-kanjo (the consecration for the Transmission of the Dharma) from Gennin of Nanchiin of To-ji Temple at the age of 53, was given the position of Ajari (a master in Esoteric Buddhism; a high priest) to became the head of Shingon Esoteric Buddhism succeeding Kukai at the age of 56.
- 順徳天皇が『禁秘抄』で「禁中作法先神事」と述べたように、天皇は肇国以来「神事」を最優先してきた。
- As Emperor Juntoku stated in the 'Kinpisho' (a book written by Emperor Juntoku, which records the history and origin of the Imperial Court's ceremonies and sets forth the rules and etiquette for carrying out such ceremonies) that consideration should be given to divine service before other manners at the Imperial Court, successive emperors have given the highest priority to Shinto rituals since the establishment of the country.
- しかし牛肉を食べる習慣は、「薬食い」と言われて江戸時代からあったものの、主に明治維新以来である。
- Beef was eaten even during the Edo period, when the practice was called 'eating as a drug,' but it was mostly after the Meiji Restoration that eating beef became popular.
- 元和5年(1619年)浅野長晟に従って広島藩に移って以来、広島の地で維新や被爆を経て現在に至る。
- In 1619, following Nagaakira ASANO, he moved to the Hiroshima domain, since then, the Ueda family has stayed in Hiroshima all the way to the present day, experiencing the Meiji Restoration and the Atomic-bomb attack.
- 平安時代以来の書道は上流社会の人々の間で行われていたが、この時代の書道は一般庶民にまで普及した。
- During the Heian period and later, calligraphy was a practice of people only in the upper society, but during this period, calligraphy became popular among common people as well.
- わたしたちがコドモたちと出会って以来、彼らには本当に必要だったいい道徳の教訓になることでしょう。
- It would be the moral lesson they have been in need of ever since we met them;
- ――そして中世ギルド以来の多くの職人文化では、まさにこの力学が機能しているのがうかがえるんだ。
- ?and, in fact, we can observe exactly this dynamic in many historical craftsmanship cultures from the medieval guilds onwards.
- これによって藤原良房以来700年にわたって継続されてきた藤原氏の摂政関白が中断される事態となった。
- Consequently, the tradition of appointing only the members of the Fujiwara clan to Sessho (regent) and Kanpaku finally came to an end, a tradition which had lasted for seven hundred years since FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa.
- その下に地頭として平安時代以来の松浦氏、秋月氏、蒲池氏、菊池氏などの元平家方の武家が盤踞していた。
- Below them, there were samurai who were formerly on the Heike side such as the Matsuura clan, the Akizuki clan, the Kamachi clan, and the Kikuchi clan.
- 肯定的立場からは、事実上の国歌として歌われてきた明治以来の伝統を重視するリベラル寄りの意見がある。
- From the affirmative standpoints, there is an opinion on the liberal side which places importance upon tradition since the Meiji Period to sing as de facto, the national anthem.
- 大隈重信が1873年に大蔵卿に就任以来、積極財政により「大隈財政」なる殖産興業政策の推進を行った。
- After Shigenobu OKUMA assumed office as the Minister of Finance in 1873, he propelled a policy of encouragement of new industry adopting positive fiscal policy so called 'Okuma finances.'
- 〔裏面〕先世以来未有此刀 百□王世子奇生聖徳 故為倭王旨造 伝示後世 □に該当する字、辞書にない。
- (On the back side) Since the previous generation, a sword like this (seven-pronged sword) have not existed; An heir of the King of Paekche mysteriously had imperial virtues by nature; Then it was made for the king of Wa for the first time; So it should be showed to the posterity; There is no Chinese character which corresponds to ** in the dictionary.
- 1929年には渡辺世祐がはじめて五戦説を提唱し、戦後には小林計一郎以来この五回説が支持されている。
- In 1929, Yosuke WATANABE proposed the five-battles theory for the first time, and after the end of the war, this theory was supported by Kiichiro KOBAYASHI first, followed by others.
- 本願寺は蓮如以来、政元と親交があり、紛争にまきこまれることを恐れ、実如と宗祖真影は近江堅田に避難。
- Hongwan-ji Temple, which had had a close friendship with Masamoto since Rennyo, was afraid of becoming involved in that conflict so that Jitsunyo and Shinran's portraits were instead taken to Omi Katada.
- ところが、同17年(1410年)11月に突如嵯峨を出奔して吉野にこもり、以来ここで数年を過ごした。
- However, he suddenly fled from Saga in December 1410, confining himself in Yoshino, and spending the next few years there.
- 全て農耕を防害する人為的な行為であることから、クニ成立以前の共同体社会以来の犯罪であろうとされる。
- Because all of these crimes are acts to do harm to the agriculture caused by a man, these crimes are considered to exist since the emergence of communities before the establishment of the nation.
- 6月にはシカゴのトム・ブキャナンと結婚、そのお祝い騒ぎときたらルイビルはじまって以来の盛大さでね。
- In June she married Tom Buchanan of Chicago, with more pomp and circumstance than Louisville ever knew before.
- 1871年日本で廃藩置県が実施されると、江戸時代以来対馬藩に委ねられていた朝鮮外交権を外務省が接収。
- When the Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) was carried out in Japan in 1871, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs took over the right of trade with Korea, a right that had long been consigned to the Tsushima clan since the Edo period.
- 渡辺綱(わたなべ・の・つな。渡辺源次綱。「源次」は綱の父以来、嫡子の通称)と称し、渡辺氏の祖となる。
- He called himself WATANABE no Tsuna (渡辺源次綱; '源次' was a common name for the legitimate child since the era of Tsuna's father) and became the founder of the Watanabe clan.
- そして嘉永5年(1852年)12月27日には信長以来の名族ということもあって、城主大名に任じられた。
- On February 5, 1853, the Oda family was designated Joshu daimyo (daimyo who is allowed to live in a castle), due to its historic renown since Nobunaga.
- 藤原惺窩の弟子である林羅山が徳川家康に仕え、以来、林家が大学頭に任ぜられ、幕府の文教政策を統制した。
- Razan HAYASHI, a disciple of Seika FUJIWARA, served Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, and since then, the Hayashi family was appointed as Daigaku no kami (Director of the Bureau of Education) and controlled the educational policy of the bakufu.
- 1914年(大正3年)に貞明皇后の命により建てられ、以来、歴代皇后がカイコを飼育している施設である。
- It is a facility which was constructed in 1914 by the order of Empress Teimei and since then, the successive Empresses have reared silkworms.
- これにちなみ、浅草の長国寺では、創建以来、11月の酉の日に鷲山寺から鷲妙見大菩薩の出開帳が行われた。
- Because of this, Washi Myoken Daibosatsu was brought from Jusen-ji Temple to Chokoku-ji Temple in Asakusa to be unveiled on Tori no hi in November since its establishment.
- 以来、橘氏の外戚にある藤原氏や源氏の公卿が橘氏の推挙に基づき、天皇の宣旨を氏院に賜り、是定となった。
- Since then, the Fujiwara and Minamoto clans who were maternal relatives of the Tachibana clan were granted this title under imperial decree given to uji no in, based on recommendation by the Tachibana clan.
- そうなった場合、フォッグ氏は旅行を始めて以来節約してきた四十八時間のうち、一部を使うだけですむのだ。
- In that case, Mr. Fogg would only lose a part of the forty-eight hours saved since the beginning of the tour.
- 車が軽装馬車に取って変わって以来、馬車の鞭はどうしようもないほど流行遅れなものの象徴となってしまった
- since buggies have been replaced by cars the buggy whip has become a symbol for anything that is hopelessly outmoded
- 警察が警告を与えたにも拘わらず、『例の件』以来、屋敷の周りをうろつきまわっているのを目撃されている。
- In spite of the hint the police had given him he had been seen hanging about the house since 'the scene.'
- 明応の政変以来の義稙の支持者である河内畠山氏(尾州家)の畠山尚順も当然義稙方であったと思われるが不明。
- The Kawachi Hatakeyama clan (the Bishu family) who had supported Yoshitane since the Coup of Meio was also thought to be with Yoshitane; however, the fact is unknown.
- 前年の長徳4年(998年)以来続く疫病に悩まされた朝廷はこの年の1月17日に元号を「長保」と改元した。
- The Imperial Court, annoyed by an epidemic which had continued since 998, the previous year, changed the gengo (an era name) into 'Choho' on January 17.
- 下冷泉家は播磨下向時代以来豊臣秀吉と親しい間柄だったため、秀吉は下冷泉家の再興に協力を惜しまなかった。
- The Shimo Reizei family had maintained a close relationship with Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI from their time in Harima, and Hideyoshi actively cooperated in restoring their fortunes.
- これを聞いた豊臣家では大坂城は秀吉公以来の居城であり、この要求を徳川家康の実質的の宣戦布告と受け取る。
- The Toyotomi Family, hearing this proposal, took this demand as a proclamation of war, because Osaka-jo Castle had been their castle since Hideyoshi.
- 頼朝以来の先例(「右大将家の例」)や武家社会の道理を基準とし、御家人の権利義務や所領相続の規定が多い。
- It was based on the precedents ('Udaishoke no rei' [precedents of the family of Udaisho (Major Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards)]) since the era of Yoritomo and the morals of samurai society, and included many regulations of right, obligation and territory succession of gokenin.
- 唐の大尺は現在の曲尺で9.78寸(29.63 cm)であり、それ以来ほとんど変化していないことになる。
- The da-chi used in Tang Dynasty was equivalent to 9.78 sun (29.63 centimeters) in today's kane-jaku, which suggests that the unit length has not changed much since then.
- リグ・ヴェーダでは最勝なる性愛の義に使用されたが、中古以来、恐るべき鬼神として認められるようになった。
- Though Ashura was used for the strongest sexual justice in The Rig-Veda, it has been recognized as an awful Kijin (fierce god) since the Middle Ages (the times around the Heian period).
- 室町時代の管領細川頼之に殉死した三島外記入道以来、平時に病死した主君に対して行う殉死の風習が始まった。
- After Mishima Geki Nyudo followed Muromachi period kanrei (Shogun's deputy) Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA into death, the custom of committing seppuku during peacetime following the death of one's master due to natural causes began.
- 他方では九代目市川団十郎以来の政財界の繋がりが功を奏して、その方面からの援助が大きな支えとなっていた。
- Connections with the political and business worlds since Danjuro ICHIKAWA IX also had an effect, and support from these connections helped significantly.
- この機能は縄文時代の竪穴式住居の中央に設けられた炉以来引き継がれてきた日本の民家の基本構造とも言える。
- This feature can be said to be a fundamental structure of a Japanese house that was originated in Ro (hearth) located at the center of a pit dwelling (house) in the Jomon period
- 福岡県北九州市小倉北区の湖月堂(こげつどう)の栗饅頭は、1895年(明治28年)の創業以来作られている
- Kogetsudo, located in Kokurakita Ward, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka Prefecture, has made their own Kurimanju since the company was established in 1895.
- 本作では『七人の侍』以来多用していた望遠レンズの効果が遺憾なく発揮され、殺陣をより効果的に見せている。
- In this film, using the effect of a telescopic lens, which KUROSAWA had used frequently since 'Seven Samurai', effectively succeeds in highlighting the swordfight.
- 地紋の斑になったところが三嶋大社発行の三島暦に似ることからと「三島」と称するというのが近世以来の通説。
- Recently, it has been generally accepted that it was called 'mishima' because the irregular patterns were similar to the Mishima-goyomi calendar made by the Kawai family and distributed from Mishima-taisha Shrine.
- 財団法人立命館専務理事には、西園寺公望の実弟で、京都法政学校創設以来学園運営に尽力した末弘威麿が就任。
- Takemaro SUEHIRO assumed a place of executive on the Board of Directors as a real brother of Kinmochi SAIONJI, since he had endeavored to manage the school since the Kyoto Hosei School was established.
- しかし、本居宣長以来指摘されているように天つ罪・国つ罪は宗教的に関わりの深い「罪」を挙げたものである。
- As Norinaga MOTOORI and the successors pointed out, however, Amatsu tsumi and Kunitsu tsumi were crimes that were closely related to religion.
- 僕はここ望遠鏡屋で黒犬をみかけて以来、すっかり疑いを再燃させていたので、この男を注意深く見張っていた。
- My suspicions had been thoroughly reawakened on finding Black Dog at the Spy-glass, and I watched the cook narrowly.
- PNA(パレスチナ自治政府)設立の日以来、我々は長官選挙と議会選挙の運動中に主張し叫び続けてきました。
- Since the first day of the establishment of the PNA, we have affirmed and propagated during the presidentional and legislative election campaign that,
- 慶長6年(1601年)、室町時代以来の丹波の旧族、細川忠興の推挙により召し出され、秀氏は旗本家を興した。
- In 1601 Hideuji was allowed to serve the Tokugawa family by the recommendation of Tadaoki HOSOKAWA, a member of a time-honored clan in Tanba (since the Muromachi period), and given the house status of Hatamoto (a direct retainer of the shogun).
- 元寇以来、得宗専制に走った鎌倉幕府は次第に他の御家人を圧迫するようになり、社会に不満が溜まるようになる。
- After the Mongol invasions of Japan of 1274 and 1281, the Kamakura Bakufu, which turned to the tokuso (the title held by the head of the mainline Hojo clan, who monopolized the position of regents of the Kamakura shogunate) dictatorship, gradually began to oppress the other Gokenin (Shogunal retainers), resulting in increasing dissatisfaction among people.
- 当時の京都には富を蓄積した商人、五山版以来の職人、読者層が存在していたことが嵯峨本が生まれた背景である。
- Behind the birth of the Sagabon lay the fact that in Kyoto at the time there was already an existing base of readers in the form of a merchant class with accumulated wealth, and craftsmen from the Gozanban (Five Mountains Editions).
- 宇多天皇以来170年ぶりの藤原氏を外戚としない天皇となった(ただし、禎子内親王は藤原道長の外孫である)。
- He was the first Emperor since Uda, 170 years earlier, who had no maternal relationship to the FUJIWARA clan (but Princess Teishi was the maternal grandchild of FUJIWARA no Michinaga).
- 日本では、新暦への改暦以来現在まで「旧暦」という名前の太陰太陽暦が暦書やカレンダーなどに記載されている。
- In Japan, after the change to the new calendar up to the present, the lunar-solar calendars called 'the old calendar' were described in calendars and expository books about calendar.
- 明治以来多くの日本画家、洋画家、版画家、陶芸家、染織家、デザイナー、音楽家、現代美術作家を養成してきた。
- Since Meiji era, many Japanese painters, oil painters, printmakers, ceramic artists, dyeing and weaving professionals, designers, musicians, and modern art artists have been trained here.
- 古く遡れば平安時代、征夷大将軍に任ぜられた大伴弟麻呂や坂上田村麻呂以来、征夷大将軍の任免は源氏に限らず。
- Looking back further still to the Heian period, in the timeframe following OTOMO no Otomaro and SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro's duties as seii taishogun, taking on the role of seii taishogun was not limited to the Minamoto clan.
- 芸能では、貴族層は前代以来の歌謡である催馬楽(さいばら)や神楽歌、漢詩や和歌の名句を吟ずる朗詠を楽しんだ。
- As for public entertainment, court nobles enjoyed songs and ballads from former generations; saibara (genre of Heian-period Japanese court music - primarily consisting of gagaku-styled folk melodies), kagura-uta (songs to accompany kagura performances) and roei recitation of famous phrases from Chinese-style poem or waka.
- しかしこれ以来山国隊は郷土の誇りとされ、山国神社の還幸祭と京都時代祭では山国隊姿の行進を見ることができる。
- But thereafter, the Yamagunitai became a source of local pride, which is why figures representing the Yamagunitai can still be seen in the processions for the Yamaguni Shrine Kankosai (festival of re-enshrinement) and in the Kyoto Jidai Matsuri (Kyoto's Festival of the Ages).
- これに対し、信玄以来の古くからの重臣たちは敗戦を予感し、死を覚悟して一同集まり酒を飲んで決別したとも言う。
- The old senior vassals from the time of Shingen, who anticipating a defeat, were resigned to die, got together to have farewell drinks.
- いわゆる「フルーティーな香り」を醸し出す代表的品種で、1980年代以来、吟醸酒の誕生の立役者となっている。
- This is a representative variety that gives a so-called 'fruity flavor' and has served as a main actor in the birth of ginjo sake since the 1980s.
- ビールの売り上げが減少傾向にあるのに対し、発泡酒市場は登場以来拡大しアルコール飲料の売れ筋商品でもあった。
- While the sale of beer is on the decline, the low-malt beer market has been expanding and it has been a hot-selling product since its appearance.
- 明治44年(1911年)には、開国以来の懸案であった条約改正を完了させ、名実共に日本は列強の一員となった。
- In 1911 he completed the revision of a treaty which had been a big headache since Japan opened a country to foreign trade and diplomatic relations, as a result, Japan became a member of the Great Powers.
- また日本中にブームを巻き起こした『曾根崎心中』のお初役は初演以来1000回を越え、なお記録を更新中である。
- His acting as O-Hatsu (a polite form of the girl's name Hatsu) in 'Sonezaki-shinju (a lovers' suicide in Sonezaki,' a work by Chikamatsu created a sensation throughout Japan; he has played O-Hatsu more than 1,000 times and is continually elevating that record.
- 一条天皇生母の藤原詮子が出家して東三条院となって以来、国母・准母は出家後に女院号を受けるのが通例となった。
- FUJIWARA no Senshi, the real mother of Emperor Ichijo, became a nun and entitled Higashi Sanjoin, which set a precedent for kokumo and Junbo to become nun and then entitled nyoin (a close female relative of the Emperor or a woman of comparable standing).
- なぜなら、それ以来ローマ帝国の勢力は衰え始め、帝国を奮い立たせた豪胆さは他の民族に移ってしまったのです。
- because from that time the vigour of the Roman Empire began to decline, and all that valour which had raised it passed away to others.
- また、以下の経過は大正時代に黒板勝美東京帝国大学教授が提唱して以来、広く信じられている潮流説に基づいている。
- Furthermore, the progress of the battle given below is based on the now widely accepted tidal theory first proposed in the Taisho period by Katsumi KUROITA, professor at Tokyo Imperial University.
- 新井は荻原を「有史以来の奸物」「極悪人」と断罪し、荻原を罷免すべきという上申書を提出すること三度におよんだ。
- Arai determined Ogiwara was 'the slyest person in history' and 'a devil' and submitted reports three times insisting on the dismissal of Ogiwara to his superior.
- この行事は神護景雲2年(768年)にはじめて行われて以来続いており、吉祥天に向かって懺悔する吉祥悔過である。
- This event has continued since 768 when it was held for the first time and is Kissho keka which is the keka dedicated for Kisshoten (Laksmi).
- 古代以来、構造は中心に柄と一体である「棒」を通し、扇部分の縁を「枠」によって素材を固定する例が多数を占める。
- Since ancient times, most Uchiwa fan have had a structure of one main center 'rod,' which also becomes a handle part, and a 'frame' for fixing the material, which shapes the outline of the fan part.
- 近藤柳可は津藩藤堂氏の依頼により津に赴き茶頭を勤めた人で、以来近藤家は代々藤堂家において指南役を務めてきた。
- Ryuka KONDO went to Tsu at the request of the Todo clan of the domain of Tsu to serve as a saju (priest in charge of tea ceremony in Zen temple); for generations afterwards, the Kondo family played the role of a coach in the Todo family.
- 行政資料は、京都府発足以来の府庁文書のほか、旧郡役所、豊岡県、宮津県などからの引き継ぎ文書も保管されている。
- Its administrative documents include Kyoto Prefectural documents since it was inaugurated, as well as transferred materials from former county offices, former Toyoka Prefecture, and former Miyazu Prefecture.
- 庶民は、洋服がまだ高価だったことや、伝統への美意識やこだわりなどから江戸時代以来の生活の様式を保持し続けた。
- On the other hand, the common people kept the traditional habit and customs handed down from the Edo period because Western clothes were still too expensive for them and because they highly valued or cared for the traditional sense of beauty.
- 角太郎には妻、雛衣がいたが、雛衣の腹には父、犬村儀清の死以来、床を共にしていないにも拘らず、子を宿していた。
- Kakutaro had had a wife named Hinakinu, and she was expecting a baby though she had never slept with Kakutaro since his father Norikiyo INUMURA died.
- この日以来、ダビデはこれをイスラエルの定めとし、おきてとして今日に及んでいる。 (サムエル記上 30:25)
- It was so from that day forward, that he made it a statute and an ordinance for Israel to this day. (1 Samuel 30:25)
- これは、崇光天皇の皇太子直仁親王(正平一統の際に吉野朝廷に捕えられて廃位)以来三百数十年ぶりの立太子であった。
- It was the first such ceremony in well over 300 years since Emperor Suko's heir Imperial Prince Naohito had been invested in crown princedom (although this prince was arrested by the Yoshino Court on the occasion of Shohei Itto (temporal unification of the Northern and Southern Courts) and dethroned).
- 日本からの寺社造営料唐船としては元弘2年(1332年)に派遣された住吉大社造営料唐船以来、10年ぶりとなった。
- It was for the first time in a decade as a trading vessels dispatched to Yuan from Japan in order to raise funds to build a temple or a shrine since Sumiyoshi-taisha Shrine zoeiryo tosen (trading vessels dispatched to Tang-Dynasty in order to raise funds to construct Sumiyoshi-taisha shrine), which was dispatched in 1332.
- 794年の平安京遷都以来、天皇の御所が在るため、東京都ではなくこちらが現在も日本の首都であるという意見もある。
- Because the imperial palace has been located in Kyoto since the capital was moved to Heian-kyo in 794, some opine that the capital of Japan is still located in Kyoto, not in Tokyo.
- 両書は「脱亜論」へのコメントを含む新書版であったため、以来、「脱亜論」は日本帝国主義の理論として有名になった。
- Because both of them were paperbacks containing comments on 'Datsu-A Ron,' the editorial became notorious as the theory of Japanese Imperialism since then.
- 江戸幕府が開かれて以来、幕府には江戸市中で大名駕籠を襲うなどという発想そのものがなく、彦根藩側の油断を誘った。
- Since the start of the Edo Shogunate, the government had not considered it possible that such an attack would occur on the palanquin of a daimyo (a Japanese feudal lord), so the Hikone clan was caught unawares.
- だが、1792年のロシアのアダム・ラクスマンの来航以来、諸外国の船がたびたび来航して日本への開国要求を強めた。
- Since the arrival of the Russian named Adam Kirillovich Laksman in 1792, ships from various foreign countries frequently came and urged Japan to open the country.
- その中でも浮世絵以来の美人画の様式を引き継いでいる人気イラストレーターとして、林静一、中村佑介らがあげられる。
- Of those, Seiichi HAYASHI and Yusuke NAKAMURA, among others, are named as popular illustrators who inherit the style of bijinga since ukiyoe.
- 日本に輸入されて以来、愛玩用というよりも益獣として用いられたため、家で飼われるより、外で暮らすことが多かった。
- Since they were imported to Japan they were used as beneficial animals rather than pets, so they more often spent outside than were kept inside houses.
- 『群書類従』に慶長3年(1598年)分が収録されて以来、宮廷史・政治史の根本史料として注目されるようになった。
- Since the diary of 1598 was included in the 'Gunsho ruiju' (Classified Collection of Japanese Classics), it has garnered attention as an original source for the history of the Imperial court and political history.
- 中世以来の密教仏堂の形式を残しつつ細部には近世的特質の現われた建築で、2004年に重要文化財に指定されている。
- The building has the form of the Esoteric Buddhism hall from medieval times and the characteristics of modern times in its details; it was set down as an Important Cultural Property in 2004.
- 1988年から1993年にかけて造像以来初めての解体修理が実施され、像内からは多数の納入品や墨書が発見された。
- Between 1988 and 1993 the statues were taken apart and repaired for the first time after their construction, and many goods and ink writings were found stored inside.
- 般若寺門前を南北に通る道は「京街道」と呼ばれ、大和(奈良県)と山城(京都府)を結ぶ、古代以来重要な道であった。
- The road in front of the gate of Hannya-ji Temple which runs north to south is called 'Kyo-Kaido Road,' and it was an important road that connected Yamato (Nara Prefecture) and Yamashiro (Kyoto Prefecture).
- 源頼義が三男の義光をこの神の前で元服させ、義光はそれ以来「新羅三郎」と呼ばれるようになったことはよく知られる。
- It is well known that Yoshimitsu began to be called 'SHINRA Saburo' after his father MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi celebrated his third son Yoshimitsu's genpuku (celebrate one's coming of age) before this deity.
- 中世以来、大名家の転封が無かったため、家臣団の兵農分離が不十分で、地侍の地方知行が存続し、農村に居住し続けた。
- Because there were no forced relocations of daimyo families from the middle ages onwards, there was insufficient separation of samurai and farmers amongst the ranks of vassals and as such, the fiefs of provincial samurai perpetuated and the goshi continued to live in rural villages..
- それ以来、彼は使徒たちの仲間に加わり、エルサレムに出入りし、主の名によって大胆に語り、 (使徒行伝 9:28)
- He was with them entering into {TR and NU add 'and going out'} Jerusalem, (Acts 9:28)
- それ以来、多くの弟子たちは去っていって、もはやイエスと行動を共にしなかった。 (ヨハネによる福音書 6:66)
- At this, many of his disciples went back, and walked no more with him. (John 6:66)
- 鎌倉幕府の成立によって御恩と奉公からなる封建制が成立したとする説で、戦前以来、ほとんどの概説書で採用されていた。
- One view is that the Go-on (obligation) and Hoko (duty) -based Hoken system was completed with the establishment of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), and this view has been adopted in most introductory books since prewar periods.
- 鎌倉時代に入ると、遣唐使を廃止して以来、途絶えていた大陸との交流が開始され、宋 (王朝)との交易が盛んとなった。
- During the Kamakura period, the intercommunication with China which was interrupted since the abolishment of Kentoshi (Japanese envoy to China in the Tang Dynasty) began and trade with the Sung (dynasty) became active.
- 台湾では1990年代の日本文化ブーム以来、日本と同じ型の招き猫を店先やレジスターの後ろなどに置いている店が多い。
- At many shops in Taiwan, maneki-neko identical to those found in Japan have been placed out front or behind the register since the Japanese cultural boom of the 1990s.
- これによって、建武3年(1336年)以来、南北朝時代に分裂していた日本の天皇の地位及び朝廷の分裂状態が終了した。
- Due to this agreement, the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, the separation of Japanese Emperor's position and the Imperial Palace ended as of 1336.
- 飢餓に苦しみ、頻繁に乱をなした大多数の一般庶民、すなわち常奴以下は伽耶土器以来の粗陶を用いていたにすぎなかった。
- The majority of common people, that is, sangnom (lower class during the Joseon Dynasty) and lower, who suffered from famine and often rose in revolt, only used coarse earthenware which originated from Gaya earthenware.
- ヘブライ語の書体として紀元前5世紀以来使われてきたセムのアルファベット(後の、イディッシュ語とラディノ語の書体)
- a Semitic alphabet used since the 5th century BC for writing the Hebrew language (and later for writing Yiddish and Ladino)
- 室町幕府第8代将軍・足利義政以来の室町幕府にはできなかったことであり、ここに豊臣秀吉の天下一統が成ったと見てよい。
- The Muromachi Bakufu of the post-eighth shogun, Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA, could not have attained such a thing, which indicated that Hideyoshi's unification of Japan was fully established at that point.
- 摂関家における歌合で記録に残るものでは、建治元年(1275年)の一条実経による摂政家月十首歌合以来のものであった。
- According to the records of utaawase (waka poetry contest) hosted by sekkanke (the families which produced the regent and the chief adviser to the emperor), it was the first utaawase since Sekkanke Tsukijusshu Utaawase was held by Sanetsune ICHIJO in 1275.
- 博多には平安時代の日宋貿易以来、北宋から渡来した商人が居を構える「唐房」あるいは「大唐街」と呼ばれる街域があった。
- Since the start of trade between Japan and Sung Dynasty during the Heian period, there had been a residential area called 'Tobo' or 'Daitogai,' residential areas in which merchants from Northern Sung Dynasty resided.
- 日本の美術は、古代以来、中国・朝鮮半島からの影響が大きいが、平安時代の国風文化をはじめ、日本独自の展開も見られる。
- Japanese art has been greatly influenced by Chinese and Korean art since ancient times, but it also developed a culture of its own, including Kokufu Bunka (Japan's original national culture) in the Heian period.
- 和魂洋才と言う発想は、明治維新の文明開化以来の「優れた西洋文化と遅れた日本文化」という構図に反発する意味もあった。
- The idea of Wakon yosai was against the idea that 'Western culture is superior and Japanese culture is behind', which emerged after the civilization and enlightenment of the Meiji restoration.
- そしてこの注釈書は元朝以来、徐々に科挙に登用され、明朝初期に及び、科挙の使用注釈書は全て朱子学系統のものとなった。
- The commentaries gradually came to be used in the national civil service examination during the Yuan Dynasty, and by the early Ming Dynasty, all the commentaries used in the examination were those of Shushigaku.
- このときに義教は朝廷権威を利用し、後花園天皇に対して3代将軍足利義満時代以来であった治罰綸旨と錦御旗の要請を行う。
- On this occasion, Yoshinori asked Emperor Gohanazono, making use of authority of the imperial court, for Jibatsu Rinji (a written document for imperial edicts to hunt down and kill emperor's enemies) and the Imperial standard for the first time since the days of the third shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA.
- 1901年(明治34年)に『白鶴』が一升瓶で日本酒を販売するようになって以来、百年余りにわたって主流を占めてきた。
- Since 'Hakutsuru' commenced to sell sake with ishobin in 1901, it was the mainstream for over one hundred years.
- オリヴァは最初は弟を殺すつもりで森に来たのだったが、これ以来、真の兄弟愛でもってオーランドゥを愛するようになった。
- and from that hour Oliver loved Orlando with a true brotherly affection, though he had come to the forest bent on his destruction.
- また彼らは古代以来の首長層に替わって、出挙を通じて公民を隷属下に収めていき、地方の人民支配の主体ともなりつつあった。
- Also, they took the place of the ruling-class since ancient times, forced the public into a servile position through suikyo (land lease at interest) and became dominant local governors of the people.
- その後仇討ちは武士階級の台頭以来広く見られるようになるが、江戸幕府によって法制化されるに至ってその形式が完成された。
- Later, Katakiuchi became prevalent along with the rise of the samurai hierarchy, and when the practice was legislated by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), it took a complete form.
- これによって奈良時代以来の大寺院である東大寺の中に敵対する両者が陣地を築いて睨み合うという異常事態となったのである。
- This meant an abnormal state in which the two hostile camps took up their respective positions within the premises of Todai-ji Temple, a great prestigious temple since the Nara period, and confronted each other.
- 藤堂に関しては、試衛館以来の同志である永倉新八・原田左之助が逃がそうと試みたものの、うまくゆかず他の隊士に斬られた。
- Shinpatchi NAGAKURA and Sanosuke HARADA, who had been friends with Todo since they trained together at the Shieikan training hall, tried to save him by letting him get away, but Todo was killed by another member of the Shinsengumi.
- また当時の大阪朝日新聞の報道によれば日本に鉄道が開業して以来初めて列車内で発生した殺人事件として大々的に報じられた。
- The Osaka Asahi Newspaper extensively reported it as the first in-car murder case after trains started to run in Japan.
- しかし、江戸時代以来、芸妓も遊女と同様、前借金を抱えた年季奉公であり、過去の花街は人身売買や売春の温床となっていた。
- However, since the Edo Period, geisha was an apprenticeship with debt much like yujo and red-light districts in the past were breeding grounds for human trafficking and prostitution.
- 専門の演者による公演の他、地域住民が祭礼の奉納行事などとして江戸時代以来の伝統に則った芝居を日本各地で上演している。
- In addition to the plays by the expert performers, local residents all over Japan perform plays in the name of, for example, the festival ritual dedicated to a god, following the tradition from the Edo period.
- これにより、天智・天武以来の直系皇位継承は放棄され、大兄制が(一時的とは言え)事実上復活したと見ることも可能である。
- Due to this, direct Imperial succession since Emperor Tenji and Emperor Tenmu, was not allowed, in fact Imperial succession between the eldest brothers was restored (even though it was only temporary).
- 初演は「古今の大当たり」と評され(『浄瑠璃譜』)、以来人形浄瑠璃・歌舞伎とも人気演目として現在でも盛んに上演される。
- The debut performance was thought to be 'one of the best hits ever' ('Jorurifu') and since then it is often performed as Ningyo joruri and Kabuki as a popular play even today.
- 瓊瓊杵尊の曾孫磐余彦が神武天皇として即位して以来、その地位が天皇家によって受継がれてきたと、かつては考えられていた。
- It used to be considered that the position was succeeded to Imperial family since Iwarehikono, the great-grandson of Ninigi-no Mikoto, accede to the throne as Emperor Jimmu.
- ハードウェア時計時刻 : %4d/%.2d/%.2d %.2d:%.2d:%.2d = 1969 年以来 %ld 秒
- Hw clock time : %4d/%.2d/%.2d %.2d:%.2d:%.2d = %ld seconds since 1969
- また、一宮の生母である中納言典侍が皇子誕生以来体調を崩して実家に戻ったままになっていることも天皇の不満を抱かせていた。
- The Emperor was also dissatisfied with the absence of Chunagon Naishi, Ichinomiya's real mother, who had returned to her native home after the birth of the prince and remained there.
- 天正年間に徳川家康が江戸に入ると、甲府の守随兵三郎は江戸に出て甲府以来の旧縁を述べて関八州の権衡業を司ることを求めた。
- When Ieyasu TOKUGAWA entered Edo during the Tensho era, Heizaburo SHUZUI of Kofu went to Edo and asked Ieyasu for the right to control the Kenko (leather scale) business in Kanhasshu (the Eight Provinces of Kanto region), explaining the old relations from Kofu.
- 1868年以来、何度か日本からの国書がもたらされたが、日朝双方の思惑の違いから両国の関係は円滑なものとは言えなかった。
- Although Japan sent sovereign's messages to Korea several times after 1868, their relation were not smooth due to misunderstanding.
- 明国と冊封関係にあった琉球王朝は慶長14年(1609年、万暦37年)の薩摩藩による侵攻以来、日本と中国に両属してきた。
- The Ryukyu dynasty, which was conferred peerage by Ming dynasty, had belonged to both Japan and China since the invasion of Satsuma domain in 1609.
- 御史大夫は、新しい官名で、後の納言の前身で、大化前代以来、大臣・大連の下にあった国政参議官、大夫の制を官制化したもの。
- The Gyoshi Taifu was also a new official position, which was later changed to Nagon (councilor), and was to transform the system of Kokusei sangi kan (government councilor) and Daibu (master), which had been under Daijin (minister) and Omuraji (military chief) since before the Taika Reform, into the new government-regulated system.
- タバコ専売の開始以来、大蔵省(専売局)が直接経営していたが昭和24年(1949年)6月からは日本専売公社が引き継いだ。
- After the monopolization of tobacco was started, the Ministry of Finance (Monopoly Bureau) managed it directly, but from June, 1949, on, the Japan Monopoly Corporation took over the business.
- 都をどりは原則として、総踊形式で一貫し、京都の名所などを長唄などで紹介しながら踊り、明治以来その形式で踏襲されている。
- Miyako Odori basically has adopted the style where all performers dance together while introducing famous spots in Kyoto with a long epic song to the accompaniment of a shamisen, following the same style since the Meiji Period.
- このように、元来、和語(大和言葉)の「こと」という言葉は、現在の和琴の元となった弥生時代以来の「こと」から発している。
- Thus the word 'koto' belonging to Wago (the ancient or primordial Japanese language) was originally derived from the 'Koto,' which had existed since the Yayoi period, becoming the prototype of '和琴' (Wagon).
- 以来、高校野球、大学野球、社会人野球などアマチュア野球公式戦が開催されている他、プロ野球公式戦も数多く開催されている。
- Since then, the amateur baseball official games such as high-school baseball, university baseball, baseball tournament between non-professional teams sponsored by corporations and so on have been held and many of the professional baseball official games have also been held.
- ウィリアム・メレル・ヴォーリズの設計によって1921年に竣工して以来、1960年まで郵便局の局舎として使用されていた。
- Designed by William Merrell VORIES, the Imazu post office structure was built in 1921 and used continuously until 1960.
- 天照大神は月夜見の凶行を知って「汝悪しき神なり」と怒り、それ以来、日と月とは一日一夜隔て離れて住むようになったという。
- According to the myth, Amaterasu Omikami became angry, knowing the cruel deed of Tsukiyomi and condemning him (or her) as a bad god; from that day on, the sun and moon have come to live one night apart from each other.
- 昔ある者が家で昼寝していると、ぼろぼろの服の老人が座敷に入って来る夢を見て、それ以来何をやってもうまくいかなくなった。
- Long ago, when a man was taking a nap at home, he dreamed of an old man in ragged clothing entering the zashiki (Japanese style tatami room), and since then, nothing went well.
- 一ヶ月前にこれを目にして以来、夜ごと、まんじりともできない瞼の裏側に、炎に包まれた手紙が浮かび上がってくるというのに。
- when for a month past he had seen it, night after night, stand out in letters of flame against the darkness of his sleepless lids?
- もっとも薩摩藩や長州藩のように初代藩主以来、明治時代の廃藩置県まで国替えがなかった藩の場合は「藩士」の呼称でも通用する。
- The name 'Hanshi' is also commonly used in the case of domains, such as the Satsuma Domain and Choshu Domain, which had not come under provincial rule the time of the first lord until the Haihan-chiken (abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) in the Meiji period.
- ところで明応の政変で追われた前将軍足利義稙(義材、のち義稙)は、明応8年(1499年)以来周防国の大内義興を頼っていた。
- Meanwhile, the former shogun Yoshitada ASHIKAGA (Yoshiki, later known as Yoshitane), who was displaced by the Meio Coup, had been relying on Yoshioki OUCHI in Suo Province since 1499.
- 794年に桓武天皇により定められた平安京以来、遷都宣言により法令、憲法または現行法などで直接的な表現で定めたものはない。
- Since the transfer of the capital to Heian-Kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Kyoto) ruled by Emperor Kanmu, the capital was transferred according to the emperor's declaration and there were no act, laws or ordinances that directly affected the transfer of the capital.
- 「大正デモクラシー」という名称は信夫清三郎(信夫淳平三男、歴史学者)がに自著でその呼称を提唱して以来定着したものである。
- The name 'Taisho Democracy' was coined by the historian Seizaburo SHINOBU (third son of Junpei SHINOBU) who proposed the use of the term in his own work and became widely used ever since.
- これにより、桓武・嵯峨天皇朝以来の大遠征で、支配下に入った地域で建郡が行われ、久慈郡 (陸奥国)、糠部郡などが置かれた。
- As the result of this expedition against Ezo/Emishi operated long after the earlier expeditions promoted by Emperor Kanmu and Emperor Saga, new counties were established in the territorialized area, such as Kuji County (Mutsu Province) and Nukanobe County.
- 修行の末に由利正俊より源義経以来の家伝の法を伝えられ、愛宕信仰を信仰して飛行自由を得、その技は神業とされるほどであった。
- At the end of his practice, Masatoshi YURI disclosed to him, a certain method from his family tradition, which had been handed down to MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune, and Ietoshi acquired the skill to fly freely through believing the Atago-shinko faith and was thought to have skills causing superhuman feat.
- 天和3年(1683年)2月に直仁親王(崇光天皇皇太子、南朝により廃される)以来300年ぶりの立太子礼を経て皇太子となる。
- After having the ceremonial investiture of the Crown Prince in February and March 1683, the first time in three hundred years since Imperial Prince Naohito (Emperor Suko's Crown Prince, deposed by the Northern Court) he became Crown Prince.
- 物部氏の没落によって欽明天皇以来の崇仏廃仏論争に決着が付き、法興寺(飛鳥寺)や四天王寺などの、造寺事業を積極的に行った。
- The fall of the Mononobe clan settled the controversy which had started in Emperor Kinmei's time over whether to worship or to abandon Buddhism, and Emperor Sushun actively undertook the construction of temples, including Hoko-ji Temple (Asuka-dera Temple) and Shitenno-ji Temple.
- 以来円融・花山天皇・一条天皇・三条天皇・後一条天皇の5代57年の長きにわたって斎院の任にあり続け、「大斎院」と称された。
- Since then, she had held the Saiin post for 57 long years, 5 generations of Emperor Enyu, Emperor Kazan, Emperor Ichijo, Emperor Sanjo, and Emperor Goichijo, and was called 'the Great Saiin.'
- そこに由良之助が現れ,「一別以来珍しし、本蔵殿、御計略の念願とどき、婿力弥の手にかかって、さぞ本望でござろうの」と言う。
- Yuranosuke appears and says, 'It has been a long time, Honzo. You might be happy since you are going to be killed by Rikiya, your son-in-law, just as your planned.'
- このように同じ舞鶴市ながら違った顔を持っており、(旧)舞鶴市と東舞鶴市以来の「東西舞鶴の張り合い気質」が今でも残っている。
- As such, the east and west of Maizuru possess different characteristics, between which there still remains an 'east and west competition,' which dates back to the times of Old Maizuru City and Higashi-Maizuru City.
- それでも一色氏の命脈は戦国期を通じて永らえたが、1579年7月に一色氏が細川幽斎に滅ぼされて以来、細川氏が丹後を支配した。
- Some of the Isshiki clan survived through the Sengoku period for a fairly long time, but in July 1579 Yusai HOSOKAWA defeated the Isshiki clan and thereafter controlled Tango Province.
- 壬申の乱以来、天武天皇の子孫が皇位を世襲してきたが、奈良期に打ち続いた政変で天武系の皇族の多くが殺されるか刑を受けていた。
- A descendant of Emperor Tenmu inherited the imperial throne after Jinshin War, however, many Imperial Family members from the Imperial line of Emperor Tenmu were either killed or punished due to continuous political changes during the Nara period.
- 忠常は上総国、下総国、常陸国に父祖以来の広大な所領を有し、傍若無人に振る舞い、国司の命に服さず納税の義務も果たさなかった。
- Tadatsune owned a large territory in Kazusa Province, Shimousa Province and Hitachi Province, behaved outrageously and did not obey orders of the Kokushi (provincial governor) nor fulfill his obligations to pay taxes.
- 特に平曲は鎌倉時代以来、当道座の表芸であったが、江戸時代には次第に沈静化し、代わって地歌、箏曲を専門とする者が一般化した。
- Especially, heikyoku which had been the typical profession in todoza since the Kamakura period became less popular among the blind, but the popularity subsided in the Edo period and instead the blind specialized in jiuta and so music was more common.
- 現在では「敵役」という区分は消滅し、立役のうちに吸収されているが、江戸時代以来の伝統を重んじてこういった役は立役が演じる。
- Today, the category of 'the role of enemies' disappeared and was absorbed by tachiyaku (a leading male-role actor), and tachiyaku act those roles based on the tradition that has been handed down since the Edo period.
- 東映となってからは50数年であるが、撮影所自体は、大正末年に阪東妻三郎が同地を切り開いて以来、80年を超える歴史を有する。
- It has only been a little over 50 years since it became Toei; however, the studio itself was opened over 80 years ago in 1926 by Tsumasaburo Bando.
- かつて牧野省三が建設した京都・等持院の「等持院撮影所」は、1924年(大正13年)6月以来、東亜キネマのものとなっていた。
- The 'Tojiin Studio' constructed by Shozo MAKINO had been owned by Toa Kinema since June 1924.
- 長官職は創設以来仲麻呂が務めていたが、758年に仲麻呂が大保(右大臣)に転じて太政官の首班となり、紫微内相が空位になった。
- Nakamaro served as its head from the very beginning, but the post of Shibinaisho became vacant when Nakamaro was appointed to Oho (Udaijin (Minister of the Right) and became the top of the Daijokan in 758.
- 報告の残りは、パリスとロミオが戦っているのを見た侍童の陳述と、ヴェロナ追放以来ロミオに付き従ってきた従者によって補われた。
- The remainder of the transactions was supplied by the narration of the page who had seen Paris and Romeo fight, and by the servant who came with Romeo from Verona,
- また歴史の最初の曙以来、おそらくはあらゆる歴史に何世代も先立って、世界中の宗教に組み込まれている、根の深い感情があります。
- There is also that deep-set feeling which, since the earliest dawn of history, and probably for ages prior to all history, incorporated itself in the Religions of the world.
- ところがジョゼフ老人は、それ以来衰弱が「神経」に来て、トーストとバターミルクの食事を取っても味が分からなくなってしまった。
- But cousin Joseph, thereafter, languished, had 'nerves,' and lost his taste for toast and butter-milk.
- 最初の原則は、自分の国の法律や習慣を守り、神の恩寵によってわたしが子供時代以来教わってきた信仰をしっかりと遵守することだ。
- The first was to obey the laws and customs of my country, adhering firmly to the faith in which, by the grace of God, I had been educated from my childhood
- コーディーは当時50、ネバダの銀床やユーコンの金といった、1875年以来のありとあらゆる貴金属ラッシュが生み出した人物だ。
- Cody was fifty years old then, a product of the Nevada silver fields, of the Yukon, of every rush for metal since seventy-five.
- しかし、室町期以来、村落自治が根付いていたこともあって、江戸幕府及び諸大名は、村落にある程度の自治を付与する民政を選択した。
- Nevertheless, due partly to the fact that self-government had already taken root in village communities, the Edo bakufu government and feudal lords chose to place villages under civil administration, allowing them a certain degree of self-government.
- 鎌倉幕府は、頼朝以来、鎌倉殿の個人的な資質に依拠するところが大きく、その組織も鎌倉殿の家政機関を発展させただけのものだった。
- The Kamakura Bakufu largely depended on the personal character of the Kamakura-dono and the organization only developed to become a domestic governing institution of the Kamakura-dono.
- 領民は会津藩主松平容保の京都守護職就任以来の重税に対する不満を一気に爆発させ、藩の支配組織を完全に解体に追い込んだのである。
- The people of the domain, who had been suffering from the heavy tax since the feudal lord of the domain, Katamori MATSUDAIRA's assumption of Kyoto Shugoshoku (Military Governor of Kyoto), exploded their frustration all at once in this revolt, which completely destroyed the ruling organization of the domain.
- マクドナルドでは1991年以来、秋限定メニューとして、9月から10月にかけて目玉焼きの入った「月見バーガー」を発売している。
- McDonald's has, since 1991, sold a 'Tsukimi burger' with an egg sunny-side up from September to October as a special fall menu item.
- 古代以来の日本人の白に対する神聖性とは別に、仏教伝来と共に対局の金色燦然とした「荘厳」といわれる飾りの聖性を獲得していった。
- In addition to the holiness toward white which Japanese have been felt since ancient times, another holiness of the decorations called the 'solemnity' symbolized by brilliant gold, which was the exact opposite of white, has also been promoted with the introduction of Buddhism.
- それ以来、時宗・一向宗(一向俊聖の系統の事で浄土真宗とは別宗派、後の時宗一向派)の僧が遊行に用いるようになり全国に広まった。
- After these events, priests of the Jishu and Ikko-shu sects (meaning the lineage of Shunjo IKKO as opposed to the Jodo Shinshu sect, later the Jishu Ikko-ha sect) came to perform it in missionary work, whereby it spread throughout the country.
- テルマ(埋蔵経典)の出現は、中世以来、現代に至るまで継続しており、他の宗派からは、発掘者による創作だと見なされることが多い。
- The discovery of gter-ma (hiding Buddhist sutras) has continued since the medieval period, but it is often considered as fiction by persons involved in excavation from other sects.
- 当初、中世以来の慣行に従って中宮職を付置され、中宮と称されたが、翌年、中宮職が皇后宮職に改められ、称号も皇后宮と改められた。
- In the beginning, she was placed in the Chugushiki (Office of the Consort's Household) and was called Chugu following the tradition from the Medieval Period, but in the following year, the Chugushiki was changed to Kogogushiki (Queen-consort's Household Agency) and her title also changed to Kisai no Miya (empress).
- 明治元年(1868年)に皇后(中宮)となった明治天皇の皇后昭憲皇太后が翌年に「皇后宮」とされて以来、「中宮」の称号は絶えた。
- In 1868 (the start of the Meiji era), the title 'Chugu' ended since Shoken Taigo, who was Emperor Meiji's wife, became 'Kisainomiya' the following year.
- ちなみに、内親王の中宮立后は後醍醐天皇の中宮珣子内親王(後伏見天皇の第一皇女、新室町院)以来実に460年ぶりのことであった。
- By the way it was indeed the first time for the Imperial Princess to be officially appointed as Chugu in four hundred and sixty years, since Emperor Godaigo's Chugu, Imperial Princess Junshi (Emperor Gofushimi's first Princess, Shinmuromachiin)
- 台本は江戸の大蔵宗家の芸系を受け継ぐ山本東次郎家のものと、江戸時代以来京都を本拠としてきた茂山千五郎家のものとに大別される。
- Scripts are mainly divided into two groups; one consists of scripts embraced in the Tojiro YAMAMOTO family that has inherited the artistic tradition of the Okura head family in Edo, the other consists of those embraced in the Sengoro SHIGEYAMA family based in Kyoto since the Edo period.
- 1 うさぎのジミーとその弟といっしょに床屋さんごっこをして以来、ふとっちょあらいぐまは長いあいだふたりに出会えませんでした。
- After Fatty Coon played barber-shop with Jimmy Rabbit and his brother it was a long time before he met them again.
- 清和源氏は源満仲以来、藤原北家(摂関家)の家司として代々仕え、同家による他氏排斥の際には藤原北家の家司として積極的に関与した。
- Since the time of MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka, Seiwa-Genji served for generations as keishi of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan (regent family) and actively participated in tashihaiseki (expulsion of other clans from the Imperial Court) by the clan.
- これは前代の国学や尊王思想を背景とするもので、根底には『日本書紀』以来続いてきた日本の歴史の独自性を強調する考えが流れていた。
- Kokugaku in the previous period and the thought of revering the Emperor existed in the background of such a move, and the thought of emphasizing uniqueness of Japanese that existed in 'Nihonshoki' and had been maintained thereafter as well existing base.
- それはこれらの三国が古墳時代以来朝鮮半島の国々を経て日本に伝播してきた漢字、儒教、仏教、律令制などの文化を共有したことによる。
- This is partly because the three countries have shared cultures, including kanji (Chinese characters), Confucianism, Buddhism, the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), which had been introduced into Japan through countries on the Korean Peninsula since the Kofun period (tumulus period).
- 京都市への他自治体の合併は、昭和34年(1959年)の久世村(現・南区)、大原野村(現・西京区)の合併以来46年ぶりであった。
- The merger of other municipalities into Kyoto City was the first time in the forty-six years after the merger of the villages of Kuse (the present Minami Ward) and Oharano (the present Nishikyo Ward) in 1959.
- またロシアに勝利したことは、列強諸国の日本に対する評価を高め、明治維新以来の課題であった不平等条約改正の達成に大きく寄与した。
- Japan's victory over Russia raised the repute of Japan among the great powers and greatly contributed to Japan's objective to revise the unequal treaties which had been a priority issue for the Japanese government since the Meiji Restoration.
- しかし実際には、新政府発足以来、この4藩出身者の中で熾烈な権力闘争・路線闘争が展開されることによって明治政府が運営されていた。
- However, virtually since the inauguration of the new government, the Meiji Government was administered in an environment of severe conflict over authority and policy among the former members of the Four Domains.
- 今井郷が都市的に発展したのは、本願寺一向宗の真宗の道場を建設して以来のことで、町並の整った寺内町今井が成立してきたようである。
- It was after a Shinshu sect dojo (place of Buddhist practice or meditation) of Ikkoshu Hongan-ji Temple had been constructed that Imai-go (Imai Village) developed into a city and it seems that the temple village Imai with organized townscape became established.
- 上越地域におけるワイン醸造は「日本のワイン葡萄の父」とも称せられる川上善兵衛の偉業を引き継ぐ明治以来の国産ワインの伝統を誇る。
- In wine production in the Joetsu region, there has been a tradition of Japanese wine since the Meiji period, inheriting achievements of Zenbei KAWAKAMI who is also called 'the father of Japanese grape for wine.'
- 胡服のうわぎは元来腋に開きのあるものだったが、北周の皇族の宇文護が襴をつけることを建言して以来、縫腋袍が成立した(隋書ほか)。
- The robe of Kohuku originally had open sides, but since Yuwen Hu, an member of the Imperial Family in Northern Zhou, proposed to the government, this hoeki no ho was made (according to 'Zuisho' (the Book of the Sui Dynasty), etc.).
- さらに、空海が、執筆中、阿字池のカエルが騒がしく鳴き、静かにするように叱ったので、それ以来騒がしく鳴かない、という伝説がある。
- Furthermore, another legend states that, while he was writing, Kukai rebuked frogs and told them to be quiet because they were croaking noisily, and so frogs at Ajino-ike Pond did not croak loudly any more.
- em quadisとen quad(全角クワタ)の区別がつけにくくなって以来、印刷業者は時々それをmutton quadと呼ぶ
- since `em quad' is hard to distinguish from `en quad', printers sometimes called it a `mutton quad'
- 我が民族と組織が10年前のPNA設立以来実現しようと自ら担ってきた国家建設計画のもう一方のパートについて話を移すとしましょう。
- Let us move to talk about the other part of the National Working Program which our people and institutions have taken upon themselves to realize since the establishment of the PNA, ten years ago.
- ところで、王朝国家体制が成立して以来、11世紀中期にかけて、中心的な税目である官物の収納については受領が大きな権限を有していた。
- By the way, in the period from the time when the dynastic nation system was established to the middle 11th century, zuryo had a significant right to collect kanmotsu, a main tax.
- 嵯峨天皇以来、21代の天皇の子孫に源氏が与えられたと言われている(源氏を与えられた当人やその子の代で断絶・消滅した家も含めて)。
- It is said that the descendants of 21 emperors were given the surnames of Minamoto since the Emperor Saga (including the families which became extinct in the generations of the people who were given the surname themselves and in their children's generations).
- この待ち伏せによって、新選組結盟以来の生え抜き隊士で元八番隊組長を務めた藤堂平助のほかに、服部武雄・毛内有之助の3名が討死した。
- Three of them were killed in the ambush; Heisuke TODO, who was an original member of the Shinsengumi and was the former leader of the eighth squad, Takeo HATTORI and Arinosuke MONAI.
- また、支庁(後、島庁)の下位行政区画は、琉球王国以来の間切制を採用していたが、一部は郡区町村編制法施行時に、村に名称を変更した。
- In addition, Magiri System, which had been used since the age of the Ryukyu Kingdom, remained adopted as lower administrative districts under the local office (later, the island government), but some districts changed their name into a village when Gunkuchoson henseiho was enforced.
- 加賀は併設された温室でイギリス時代以来夢中だった洋蘭の研究や品種改良を進め、『蘭花譜』という図録を出版し、1954年に死去した。
- In the attached greenhouse Kaga devoted his time to study and the selective breeding of orchids he had been obsessed with since his time in Britain, and he finally published a picture book of flowers called 'Rankafu' (Genealogy of Orchids) before he died in 1954.
- 清和源氏では、初代 源経基以来、源氏の大将の多くが任ぜられ、経基王の嫡男源満仲や満仲の子にあたる源頼光、源頼信はその好例である。
- Many of the Taisho (Generals) of the Seiwa-Genji clan (starting with the clan founder MINAMOTO no Tsunetomo), took the Chinju-fu Shogun post, and MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka (legitimate son of Tsunemoto-o (or Tsunemoto)), MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu and, MINAMOTO no Yorinobu (sons of Mitsunaka) are good examples of the practice.
- しかしながら、江戸時代になると鎌倉時代以来の公卿を旧家、安土桃山時代以降に成立した公卿を新家とし、公家家格の再編成が行なわれた。
- However, entering the Edo period, the Kugyo (the top court officials) families from the Kamakura period were called Kyuke (old families), and those that joined Kugyo during the Azuchi-Momoyama period or later Shinke (new families), reorganized the Kuge family status.
- それが先週の金曜日です、ホームズさん、それ以来、彼がどうなったかについて光明を投ずるようなことを何一つ見も聞きもしないのです。」
- That was last Friday, Mr. Holmes, and I have never seen or heard anything since then to throw any light upon what became of him.'
- それ以来全く行方不明で、莫大な賞金もかけられたことだし、ダートムアのジプシーどもがしきりに目を配ってもいるのだが、全然知れない、
- But from that morning he has disappeared, and although a large reward has been offered, and all the gypsies of Dartmoor are on the alert, no news has come of him.
- 一 奉公人侍中間小者あらし子に至迄 去七月奥州へ御出勢より以来 新儀に町人百姓に成者於在之者 其町中地下人として相改一切置へからす
- First, townspeople and farmers have to investigate if there is anyone who was in military service (from hokonin [those who served Hideyoshi], samurai, chugen and komono to arashigo [servants for miscellaneous chores]) and changed his status to townsman or farmer after the Oshu expedition that was carried out in the seventh month of last year, and if such people are founded, they must be deported.
- 恩赦についての規定は律令法以来、様々な法令に規定されてきたが、具体的な範囲や手続などを定めたの法令としては日本最初のものであった。
- Ever since the Ritsuryo law, various laws regulated pardons, but Sharitsu was the first law in Japan that specified limits and procedures of pardons.
- 平安遷都以来室町時代まで京都は時期によって変動はあるものの、多い時で約20万人、少ない時で約4万人の間で推移したと推定されている。
- Since the transfer of national capital to Kyoto (Heian-kyo) until the Muromachi period, the population in Kyoto is estimated to have ranged between a maximum of 200,000 and a minimum of 40,000, with sporadic fluctuations.
- これは江戸時代に蕎麦の本場だった信州上田藩の藩主仙石政明が出石藩に国替えとなった際、大勢の蕎麦職人を連れて来て以来の伝統とされる。
- When Masaaki SENGOKU, the lord of the Ueda Domain in Shinshu, which was the major soba producing area in the Edo period, transferred to the Izushi Domain, he brought many soba chefs along to his new territory and it is considered that the Izushi soba tradition began.
- また流祖以来試合を禁じていた流派が、やむなく試合稽古を行うようになった記録等も残っている(島津家中における示現流等の例外はある)。
- There are records stating that the schools which had prohibited doing matches since the time of their founding were forced to conduct training matches (except for the Jigen-ryu School in the Satsuma domain etc).
- でもそれは、もし教えをたった一人の師から受けていたり、有史以来の最高の賢者たちの間に広まった各種見解の多様性を知らなければの話だ。
- had I received instruction from but one master, or had I never known the diversities of opinion that from time immemorial have prevailed among men of the greatest learning.
- 彼は、二人のしみったれたバーテンに持ってくるよう頼んだビスケット少々のほか、朝食の時以来何も食べていなかったので、腹が減っていた。
- He was hungry for, except some biscuits which he had asked two grudging curates to bring him, he had eaten nothing since breakfast-time.
- われわれの論文を発端にして、暗号コミュニティではゲームがはじまって、それ以来、DES 鍵を探す論文がたくさん書かれるようになった。
- Our paper started a game in the cryptographic community and many papers on searching through DES keys have since been written.
- 信友は織田信長の軍に破れ処刑され、武田氏は信玄以来の西上作戦を実行する拠点を失い、逆に美濃からの織田氏の脅威にさらされることになる。
- Since Nobutomo was defeated by Nobunaga ODA's army and executed, the Takeda clan lost a base that they had held since the time of Lord Shingen to conquer areas to the west of their territory, and was instead exposed to the threat of the Oda clan in Mino Province.
- 一方、経清(亘理権大夫)以来代々の所領地曰理郷(亘理郡)も清綱(亘理権十郎)の没落とともに頼朝の幕僚・千葉胤盛の支配する所となった。
- Meanwhile, Watari Go (Watari County), which the Oshu Fujiwara clan had controlled for generations since FUJIWARA no Tsunekiyo (Gon no daibu [a provisional master] of the Watari region), was put under the rule of Tanemori CHIBA, a staff officer of Yoritomo, after the fall of Kiyotsuna (Gonjuro WATARI).
- 足利将軍家(あしかがしょうぐんけ)は、足利氏の惣領家(宗家)のうち、とくに足利尊氏以来の、代々室町幕府の征夷大将軍職を世襲した一家。
- The branch of the main families of the Ashikaga clan (head family) that had inherited the post of Seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by shogun) since the first generation of Takauji ASHIKAGA was referred to as the Ashikaga Shogunate family.
- (その前の藤原高藤は危篤となった天皇の外祖父である大納言に対する礼遇であるため、実質は奈良時代末期の藤原魚名以来191年ぶりである)
- (As the previous appointment was out of respect for FUJIWARA no Takafuji, the Dainagon (chief councilor of state) and maternal grandfather of the emperor who was in critical condition, it was in fact the first time in 191 years since FUJIWARA no Uona at the end of Nara period.)
- だが、1881年(明治14年)の刑法導入によって、古代以来の中国法系の刑事法制は幕を閉じ、西洋法系の刑事法制に転換される事になった。
- However, with the introduction of criminal law in 1881, the criminal legal system under the Chinese system of law since ancient times ended and shifted over to the criminal legal system under the Western system of law.
- そこで、源頼朝以来の御家人に関わる慣習や明文化されていなかった取り決めを基に、土地などの財産や守護・地頭などの職務権限を明文化した。
- Therefore, based on conventions of shogunal retainers since MINAMOTO no Yoritomo and agreements which had until then not clearly been stated, properties such as land and authorities of shugo (military governors) and jito were stipulated.
- しかし一方で天桂伝尊などが、道元以来の宗規に拠らず他流(黄檗宗)の清規を当てはめようとした道白を「形式主義」と批判し、論争をよんだ。
- On the other hand, Tenkei Denson and others criticized Dohaku, who tried to apply seiki (regulations) of the other sect (Obaku Sect) instead of traditional regulations established by Dogen, as 'formalism' and there were debates among them.
- 1947年の宮内府設置、1949年の宮内庁改称と日本国憲法の施行以来一貫して長官の職は認証官であり、その任免は天皇により認証される。
- The post of Grand Steward has been officers certified by the Emperor since the establishment of Kunaifu in 1947 and the name change to Imperial Household Agency and the effectuation of the Constitution of Japan in 1949, and its appointment and dismissal are attest by the Emperor.
- 『万葉集』に「中皇命(「なかつすめらみこと」の訓が一般的)」とある人物が間人皇女のことを指すのではないかとする説が荷田春満以来ある。
- Meanwhile, KADA no Azumamaro argued that Hashihito no Himemiko was identical to a person named 'Nakatsusumera Mikoto' appearing in 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves).
- 万世一系の立場からは、女系天皇は即位しても神武天皇以来の皇統に属さず、その結果として日本史上初の王朝交代が生じる、ということになる。
- From the perspective of an unbroken line of Emperors, a Female-line Emperor doesn't belong to the imperial lineage originating from Emperor Jinmu even if he/she ascended to the throne, therefore, leading to the first-ever dynastic change in Japan.
- 元弘元年(1331年)、北朝_(日本)の光厳天皇が最初に里内裏として使用し、以来明治2年(1869年)まで、歴代の天皇が住んでいた。
- In 1331, the Kyoto Imperial Palace was first used as a temporary imperial palace by Emperor Kogon in the Northern Court (Japan) and successive Emperors resided in the Kyoto Imperial Palace until 1869.
- 生れつき盲であった者の目をあけた人があるということは、世界が始まって以来、聞いたことがありません。 (ヨハネによる福音書 9:32)
- Since the world began it has never been heard of that anyone opened the eyes of someone born blind. (John 9:32)
- 山口剛の研究以来、重友毅、中村幸彦と、明和5年を一応の脱稿、それからの8年間は、『雨月物語』の推敲に費やされた、という見方が強かった。
- After a study conducted by Takeshi YAMAGUCHI, which was followed by Tomoki SHIGE and Yukihiko NAKAMURA, it was generally considered that the work was roughly complete as a manuscript in 1768, and that the author spent the following eight years working on the choice of diction.
- 豊臣秀吉による文禄・慶長の役(朝鮮出兵)の大義名分(朝鮮は三韓征伐以来、日本の属国であり支配する権利がある)として積極的に用いられた。
- In order to justify an advance upon Korea, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI aggressively used a legitimate reason (After the Sankan-Seibatsu Korea is dependency to Japan, which has the right to rule the country); then executed the battle of Bunroku and Keicho (Japanese invasions of Korea, two campaigns to attack Korea).
- 神武天皇の即位年月日は、『日本書紀』の記述に基づいて、明治以来、法的・慣習的に紀元前660年の旧暦元旦、新暦の2月11日とされている。
- The enthronement date of Emperor Jimmu has been considered to have been determined on the basis of the description in Nihonshoki to be New Year's Day (of the old calendar) or February 11th (of the new calendar) in 660 B.C. legally and conventionally since the Meiji period.
- 江戸幕府は「愛洲伊予守忠行」の先蹤を引継ぎ、以来明治御維新迄只の一度も途切れず、源頼朝以上の「敬神敬祖」の範を示し御遷宮を行ってきた。
- The Edo Bakufu continued the work begun by Tadayuki AISU, the Governor of Iyo Province, by rebuilding of the shrine without interruption until the Meiji Restoration, demonstrating a reverence of the gods and ancestors that was even greater than that of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo.
- それはな、首へ市蔵と書いたふだをぶらさげて、私は以来市蔵と申しますと、口上(こうじょう)を云って、みんなの所をおじぎしてまわるのだ。」
- To do that you need to hang a sign that says `Leonard'around your neck, and go around to everyone's home, bowing and saying `From this day on, I am to be known as Leonard.''
- 天武天皇以来の皇統は、以前より盛んだった天武系皇族間での相次ぐ政争によって継承順で繰り上がった天智天皇系の白壁王(光仁天皇)が継承した。
- Although the imperial line had succeeded from Emperor Tenmu, there had been a string of power struggles and Shirakabe no okimi (Prince Shirakabe), a descendent of Emperor Tenchi became Emperor Konin following the order of succession.
- 近年都心回帰が進み、平成17年国勢調査(2005年)における推計人口が1985年(昭和60年)以来20年ぶりに10万人の大台を回復した。
- As more people returned to the urban areas of Kyoto City in recent years, the estimated population of Nakagyo Ward, according to the national census taken in 2005, exceeded 100,000 for the first time in twenty years (since 1985).
- 祖の房前は元正天皇朝で藤原四兄弟に先んじて参議に昇進すると、後に祖父藤原鎌足以来の内臣となり、元正天皇の側近として長屋王と政権を争った。
- The originator, Fusasaki, was promoted to councilor first among four Fujiwara brothers during the era of Emperor Gensho, later became the first Naishin (government post) since his grandfather, FUJIWARA no Kamatari, and fought as an aide close to the Emperor Gensho for political power against Nagayao.
- また、元禄の酒株改め以来、ふたたび酒造株高と酒造米高の格差が広がってきていたので、幕府は天明8年(1788年)天明の酒株改めを実施した。
- As difference between shuzokabu amount and the amount of rice for brewing sake began to increase again after the Revision of the Sakekabu System in the Genroku Era, the bakufu conducted the Revision of the Sakekabu System in the Tenmei Era in 1788.
- これにより、長く絶えていた、開山 聖宝(醍醐寺根本僧正・理源大師)開壇以来の伝燈「恵印灌頂」が復活(明治43年(1910年)秋)された。
- Thanks to the above efforts, 'Ein Kanjo,' which is traced back to the founder Shobo (Daigo-ji Konpon-Sojo, Rigen Daishi) and had been suspended for a long time, was revived in the autumn of 1910.
- 曼殊院は平安時代以来、近世末期に至るまで北野神社(現・北野天満宮)と関係が深く、歴代の曼殊院門主は北野神社の別当(責任者)を兼ねていた。
- Manshuin Temple, ever since the Heian period until the end of the early-modern period, had intimate relations with Kitano-jinja Shrine (present day Kitano Tenmangu Shrine), and successive monshu (head priest) of Manshuin Temple also assumed the position of betto (the superior of a temple) of Kitano Shrine.
- 聖徳太子以来、法華経は仏教の重要な経典のひとつであると同時に、鎮護国家の観点から、特に日本国には縁の深い経典として一般に考えられてきた。
- Since the time of Prince Shotoku, Hokke-kyo has generally been regarded as a sutra that is linked by fate to Japan from the standpoint of being the guard of the nation as well as one of the most important sutras of Buddhism.
- 享保15年、仁和寺の門跡がその館宅の修理のために幕府に請うて始めて江戸護国寺において3箇年富籤興行を許されて以来、多くの社寺で行われた。
- Since the monzeki (head priest of temple formerly led by founder of sect) of Ninna-ji Temple requested it to the bakufu in 1730 and tomikuji was allowed for the first time in Edo Gokoku-ji Temple for three years, it was distributed in many shrines and termples.
- その後、能・禅・連歌・茶道・俳諧など、中世・近世以来の日本の芸術文化に影響を与え続け、今日では一般的用語としても用いられるに至っている。
- After that it continued to affect Japanese artistic culture like Noh, Zen, Renga (linked verse), Sado (tea ceremony), Haikai (amusing and playful waka) in the medieval period and later and it is also used as a general word today.
- 太閤検地では室町期以来、慣行となっていた地下請を継承して、村が一括して年貢を納入する村請(むらうけ)が採用され、江戸幕府も村請を継続した。
- In Taiko-kenchi, the jigeuke, which had been a customary practice since the Muromachi period, was succeeded and the murauke system (village-wide, collective responsibility for tax payment), where one village was responsible for the collective tax payment, was applied and the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) also succeeded the murauke system.
- そして、具体的な法令としては鎌倉時代の御成敗式目(貞永式目)を適用し、必要に応じて「建武以来追加」と呼ばれる追加法を発布して補充している。
- As a detailed law, Goseibai-shikimoku (Joe-shikimoku) of the Kamakura period was applied, and when necessary an additional law called 'Kenmu-irai-tsuika' was issued to supplement the above.
- 硬貨の鋳造技術も旧態依然の未熟なものであり、江戸時代以来、偽造金銀銭が多く流通しており、貿易決済にも用いられたため諸外国からの苦情が殺到。
- Because a lot of forged gold and silver coins had circulated since the Edo period as coin casting technology was outdated and immature and they were used for trade settlement, a lot of complaints were made by foreign countries.
- 明治4年7月2日(廃藩置県の12日前)、その事実が発覚した筑前藩は黒田孝高以来の福岡城47万石を没収されて事実上改易されてしまうのである。
- On July 2, 1871 (12 days before the abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures), the Chikuzen Domain, which was discovered, had to forfeit their Fukuoka-jo Castle 47 thousand koku since Yoshitaka KURODA, and was virtually changed its rank.
- 当時の曹洞宗僧団は、道元の宋 (王朝)からの帰朝以来の直弟子達と京都深草に興聖寺を開いた後に日本達磨宗から集団改宗した一派の2流があった。
- There were two groups in the Soto sect at that time: a group of direct disciples of Dogen after he came back from the Sung (dynasty), and a group of priests who converted to the Soto sect from the Nihon Daruma sect as a group after Dogen established Kosho-ji Temple at Fukakusa, Kyoto.
- しかし、1983年に大韓民国慶尚南道固城の松鶴洞一号墳が前方後円墳であるとして紹介されて以来、朝鮮半島南西部で前方後円墳の発見が相次いだ。
- Yet, keyhole-shaped tumuli were found one after another in the southwestern Korean Peninsula after the introduction of Shokakudo No. 1 Kofun Tumulus, which is located in Kosŏng, South Kyŏngsang, the Republic of Korea, as one of them in 1993.
- しかしながら、昭和51年(1976年)に国立劇場において、郡司正勝の補綴、演出によって復活上演されて以来、現在でもしばしば上演されている。
- However, since the new version, revised and supplemented by Masakatsu GUNJI, was performed in 1976 at National Theater under his direction, this play has been performed and is often played even today.
- また、歌舞伎以来の伝統を下敷きに、その特異な存在感をかわれ現代劇や漫画に登場することもあるが、その場合は登場人物として扱われることが多い。
- However, they are treated as characters when they appear in modern plays or comics because of their peculiar role based on a tradition of Kabuki.
- 朝仁親王以来、紋は花形の枠に下向きになった鴛鴦(おしどり)一羽を収めた(鴛鴦とはいっても雄のみ)もので、定型化して現在まで変わっていない。
- Since the time of Imperial Prince Tomohito, the crest of a mandarin duck (only male) sitting inside the flower-shaped frame has been stylized and never changed till now.
- 観音正寺が位置する繖山には、室町時代以来近江国南半部を支配した佐々木六角氏の居城である観音寺城があり、寺は佐々木六角氏の庇護を得て栄えた。
- On Mt. Kinugasa, where Kannonsho-ji Temple is located, there was Kannonji-jo Castle, which was the castle of Sasaki-Rokkaku clan who had ruled the southern half of Omi Province since the Muromachi period, and the temple prospered under the patronage of the Sasaki-Rokkaku clan.
- 司法参事官の説にしたがえば、デンマルクの**ハンス王時代といえば、人間はじまって以来、いちばんりっぱな、幸福な時代であったというのでした。
- The Councillor boldly declared the time of King Hans to be the noblest and the most happy period.*
- 律法と預言者とはヨハネの時までのものである。それ以来、神の国が宣べ伝えられ、人々は皆これに突入している。 (ルカによる福音書 16:16)
- The law and the prophets were until John. From that time the Good News of the Kingdom of God is preached, and everyone is forcing his way into it. (Luke 16:16)
- データ暗号化規格(Data Encryption Standard, DES)は1975年以来、なかなか公共の役にたってきたことは事実だ。
- The Data Encryption Standard has served the public pretty well since 1975.
- その一般的な概念はそれ以来広く確証され、今では普遍的に承認されており、科学の進歩に非常に重要な影響を与えたことは、疑問の余地もありません。
- his generalizations have since received ample confirmation, and now command universal assent, nor is it questionable that they have had the most important influence on the progress of science.
- 野芹川(のぜりがわ)の土手で、マドンナを連れて散歩なんかしている姿を見たから、それ以来赤シャツは曲者(くせもの)だと極(き)めてしまった。
- At this juncture I saw Red Shirt taking a walk with the Madonna on the levy of the Nozeri river, and I decided that Red Shirt may be a scoundrel.
- 慈円は末法思想と「道理」をテーマとして国初以来の歴史を説き起こし、武家が大きな政治権力を握ったことを「道理」観念で合理的に理解しようとした。
- Jien described Japanese history based on Mappo-shiso (the 'end of the world' belief) and dori (order), and tried to rationally understand, based on the concept of dori, why samurai came to gain such strong political power.
- ほどなくして、宮古島に首里から20名の警官が来島し、旧王朝以来の島役場「在番仮屋」を訪れて、在番代表の仲村親雲朝諒に、以下のように伝達した。
- Shortly afterwards, 20 police officers came from Shuri to Miyako Island, visited the island office 'Zaiban kaiya' and informed the representative of Zaiban, 仲村親雲朝諒, of the following.
- また1914年の創設以来、今日ではエンターテイメントの一角を担うまでに有名になった宝塚歌劇団の組の花・月・雪という組分けもここから来ている。
- Takarazuka Revue, that became renowned as one of the major entertaining groups since the establishment in 1914, has three groups: Flower, Moon, and Snow, which also derived from setsugetsuka.
- また、婚約の勅許を下した仁孝天皇は、「水戸は先代以来、政教能く行われ、世々勤王の志厚しとかや、宮の為には良縁なるべし」と満足したといわれる。
- When the Emperor Ninko gave permission for the marriage, he was satisfied with it, saying as following: 'Because the Mito Domain have been dedicated to both religions and politics since the period of their predecessors, and have been highly loyal to the emperors for generations, this marriage should be good for the Princess.
- 反乱以来、一度も磨かれていない甲板は足跡だらけで、首のところが割られている空き瓶が一本、甲板排水口を行ったり来たりまるで生き物のようだった。
- The planks, which had not been swabbed since the mutiny, bore the print of many feet, and an empty bottle, broken by the neck, tumbled to and fro like a live thing in the scuppers.
- その系譜をたどれば源氏の祖 源経基以来、源満仲、源頼信、源頼義そして名高き源義家に至るまで五代にわたり武家の栄誉である鎮守府将軍に任ぜられた。
- If we trace the family lineage back from MINAMOTO no Tsunemoto (the founder of the Minamoto clan) to MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka, MINAMOTO no Yorinobu, MINAMOTO no Yoriyoshi, and the renowned MINAMOTO no Yoshiie, we can see that these five generations of the Ashikaga Shogunate family were appointed Chinju-fu shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of the North), which was an honorable post for a samurai family.
- 宗祇は、連歌本来の伝統である技巧的な句風に『新古今和歌集』以来の中世の美意識である「長(たけ)高く幽玄にして有心(うしん)なる心」を表現した。
- Sogi expressed the technical skill of the original renga tradition, and the medieval aesthetics of sublimity and truth expressed in the waka poetry anthology 'Shinkokin Wakashu.'
- 中国では、もと孔子の作とされる『春秋』のように編年体の史書が一般的であったが、司馬遷の著した『史記』以来、紀伝体が盛んに行われるようになった。
- In China, chronological histories like the 'Spring and Autumn Annals' previously thought to be the work of Confucius have long been standard, but beginning with Qian SIMA's 'Shiji' (The Historical Records), histories written in biographical annal format began to flourish.
- つまり、原語には「界」(世界)を意味する語は含まれていないが、「金剛界」と対になる関係で、日本では平安時代以来「胎蔵界」曼荼羅と称されている。
- This shows that the original Sanskrit does not include the word that means 'realm' ('kai' in Japanese), but in Japan the Mandala has been called the 'Taizokai' (Womb Realm) Mandala since the Heian period, because it makes a pair with the 'Kongokai' (Diamond Realm) Mandala.
- 約10,000㎡の敷地内には、文庫設立以来の建物である書庫2棟、閲覧事務所のほか、昭和19年(1944年)に建てられた数寄屋造の虎山荘が建つ。
- In its compound of about 10,000 square meters, there stand two storerooms of books that were built when this library was founded, its access office, and Kozanso villa of Sukiya-zukuri style (built in the style of a tea-ceremony house) was built in 1944.
- 契丹が後晋から割譲された燕雲十六州の地方で、この地にあった隋以来の房山の石経のテキストも参考にして、国家事業として行なわれた印刷事業であった。
- In the 16 prefectures of Yan Yun that were ceded to Kitai from Jin, it was published as a national project by referring to a text of Sekkyo (Sekkei) (The Scriptures Inscribed on Stone), which had been kept at Fangshan since the time of Sui.
- 社団法人日本人形協会では昭和天皇の即位以来、男雛を向かって左に置くのを「現代式」、右に置くのを「古式」とするが、どちらでも構わないとしている。
- The Japan Dolls Association has called the placement of the obina on the left and on the right from the viewer's perspective the 'modern style' and the 'ancient style' respectively, since the enthronement of Emperor Showa; the association has nonetheless maintained that either style will do.
- それ以来、夜にこの木の付近を通ると、どこからともなく琴の音色が聞こえるようになり、いつしかその木は琴古主の名で呼ばれるようになったのだという。
- Since then, on passing by near this tree at night, the sound of koto has come to be heard out of nowhere, and before being realized, the tree had begun to be called as the tree of Kotofurunushi.
- 平城京の薬師寺にある東塔及び本尊薬師三尊像が飛鳥の本薬師寺から移されたものか、平城京で新たにつくられたものかについては明治時代以来論争がある。
- It has been controversial since the Meiji period that whether the East Pagoda and Honzon Yakushi Sanzonzo (three statues that comprise the Yakushi Triad) in Yakushi-ji Temple in Heijo-kyo were transferred from Moto-Yakushiji Temple in Asuka, or whether they were newly produced in Heijo-kyo.
- そして、石母田以来武士の領主的な性格を重要視する余り、在地領主が武士という暴力装置であることを無視されているとする批判も出されるようになった。
- Some critics have argued that since Ishimoda's theory emerged, the samurai's function as local lords had been emphasized too much, and the fact that the local lord was a part of a violent military system of samurai had been forgotten.
- だがリリースに先立って、同社はアニメ・エキスポ'93で大きく宣伝をうち、自分たちの商品を展示して、それ以来アニメ・エキスポに参加し続けている。
- Before releasing these titles, however, they made themselves highly visible at Anime Expo '93 to show off their wares, and have continued to attend Anime Expo ever since.
- 彼は天候のことを話し始め、とても暑い夏になりそうだと言い、季節は彼が子供の時−−ずっと昔のことだ−−以来すっかり変わってしまったと付け加えた。
- He began to talk of the weather, saying that it would be a very hot summer and adding that the seasons had changed gready since he was a boy--a long time ago.
- 朝鮮では日本が犯した誤りを恨みながらも建国以来の交隣政策の原則に照らし、制限された範囲内での交渉を許した(1609年(光海君2年)、己酉約条)。
- Korea, while resenting Japanese crimes, permitted the negotiations, referring to its basic policy of being friendly to neighbors, within certain limitations (according to Kiyu yakujo (Treaty in 1609)).
- そのなかには石川源氏こそが八幡太郎義家以来の河内源氏の本流であるとする見解もある(これは河内国を本拠地にしてこそ河内源氏という「在地的」視点)。
- Some even think that Ishikawa-Genji is the mainstream of Kawachi-Genji that can be traced back to HACHIMANTARO Yoshiie (MINAMOTO no Yoshiie) ('Residential' viewpoint that Kawachi-Genji is those who were Kawachi-based).
- 浄野の次の坂上当道は、田村麻呂以来の東北経営と父あるいは伯父の広野(当道は浄野の子とも広野の子ともされている)にはじまる平野庄の経営に携わった。
- SAKANOUE no Masamichi, who was the next generation of Kiyono, was engaged in operating of Tohoku district, the operation of which had been started by Tamuramaro, and operating of Hirano Sho, the operation of which had been started by his uncle Hirono (it is not clear whether Masamichi was the son of Kiyono or Hirono).
- 藤原道長の6男である藤原長家を祖とする御子左家(みこひだりけ)は、勅撰和歌集の撰者であった藤原俊成・定家以来、和歌の家としての格式をもっていた。
- The Mikohidari family, descended from FUJIWARA no Michinaga's sixth son FUJIWARA no Nagaie, enjoyed the social status of being known as a family skilled at waka poetry ever since the days of FUJIWARA no Toshinari and Teika, who were compilers of imperial waka anthologies.
- 越後新発田藩では4代藩主溝口重雄が怡渓宗悦に茶の湯を学んで以来怡渓派で、8代藩主溝口直養の頃からは伊佐家の代々から伝授を受けた「御茶道」がいた。
- Echigo-Shibata Domain had supported the Ikei-ha since Shigekatsu MIZOGUCHI, the fourth lord of the domain, received instruction from Soetsu IKEI and from the time of the eighth lord, Naoyasu MIZOGUCHI, the domain had an 'osado' (tea master) who received instruction from the Isa family.
- 日本において皇后の称号が使用されたのは、鎌倉時代後期、後宇多天皇の皇女奨子内親王が1319年に皇后に冊立されて以来、約500年ぶりのことである。
- It was the first time in about 500 years that the title of empress was used in Japan since 1319 when the Imperial Princess Soshi, the Emperor Gouda's princess, became an empress by the imperial investiture in the late Kamakura period.
- 建国以来の法とするなら理解できるし、『日本書紀』や『古事記』はそのような歴史を記述しているのに、天智天皇が決めたから守るというのは不必要である。
- And they insist that it is understandable if this code had long existed since the country's foundation and the descriptions in 'Nihonshoki' and 'Kojiki' (A Record of Ancient Matters) historically back up the existence, however, it doesn't make any sense if the people had followed it only because it was instituted by Emperor Tenchi.
- だが、真淵の門人であった村田春海らのように契沖以来の実証主義的な古典研究を重視する立場から平田国学に否定的な学派もあり、その内情は複雑であった。
- However, some--including Harumi MURATA, a disciple of Mabuchi--belonged to schools of thought that criticized Atsutane's Kokugaku from the standpoint of, since the time of Keichu, espousing positivism and placing great value on the study of classic works, arguing that internally it was more complex than that.
- 室町時代から戦国時代 (日本)にかけては、国人領主の中でも数郡以上を領有し大名並の勢力を持った領主で、鎌倉時代以来の氏族を、一般に大身と呼んだ。
- From the Muromachi period to the Sengoku period (Japan), among Kokujin Ryoshu (local samurai lords), a feudal lord who was descended from a clan in the Kamakura period, possessed more than several Gun and had the power equivalent to Daimyo (Japanese feudal lord), was called Taishin.
- それ以来よく思いをはせることがあるのだが、やつはいったいなんだって放浪の罪深いお尋ね者の生活で、この貝殻を持ち運ばなければならなかったのだろう。
- I have often wondered since why he should have carried about these shells with him in his wandering, guilty, and hunted life.
- 終に、明治44年(1911年)に大阪相撲の主催団体大阪相撲協会が吉田司家と和解したことにより、江戸時代以来の横綱免許を巡る混乱に終止符が打たれた。
- Finally, in 1911, because the Osaka Sumo Association, the organizer of Osaka zumo, reconciled with the Yoshida Tsukasa family, an end was put to the disorder over yokozuna licensing that had continued since the Edo period.
- 特筆すべき点としては、天文 (元号)18年(1549年)のフランシスコ・ザビエル来日以来の南蛮貿易によってもたらされた南蛮文化の影響が挙げられる。
- One should remember the impact of European culture, which had occurred through trade with Spain and Portugal since the arrival in Japan of Francisco Xavier in 1549.
- 4月15日_(旧暦)に出され、幕府初期以来礼服に用いられてきた長熨斗・長袴が廃止され、より実用的な服装による形式的な服装・儀礼の簡素化が行われた。
- On April 15 (old calendar), the 'Fukusei henkaku no rei' (Ordinance of dress code reform) was issued, which stipulated that naganoshi (stretched dried abalone used as a betrothal gift) and naga-hakama (long hakama trailing the ground) that had been used for ceremonial clothing since the beginning of the bakufu be discontinued, as a result, the official ceremonies became simpler with more practical ceremonial clothing.
- 以来、永らく麹造りは、酒造りの工程に占める重要性と、味噌や醤油など他の食品への供給需要から、酒屋業とは別個の専門職として室町時代まで営まれてきた。
- For a long time since, until the Muromachi period, koji production was operated by specialists who were independent from sake traders because of its importance for the process of sake brewing and the supply and demand for other foodstuffs such as miso and soy sauce.
- 収蔵品には一般図書のほか、京都府発足以来の行政文書、国宝の「東寺百合文書」(とうじひゃくごうもんじょ)のような貴重な歴史資料も数多く含まれている。
- Its collections include the administrative documents of Kyoto Prefecture since it was inaugurated, and many valued historical materials such as the 'To-ji Hyakugo Monjo' (100 case documents, of the To-ji Temple), a National Treasure, as well as general books.
- 法華寺浴室は光明皇后様御発願以来一貫して一般庶民のために施浴施設として活用され続け、薬草を用いて蒸し風呂を炊くという、極めて珍しい形式の浴室です。
- The bathroom of Hokke-ji Temple has been consistently utilized by common people as a bathing facility since its erection at the wish of the Empress Komyo, which has a very rare style of the steam bath using medical herbs.
- 黒船来航・開国以来、尊皇攘夷が高まりを見せ、天皇・朝廷が急速に政治的求心力を備えてくると、幕府の所在する江戸から離れた京都が政治動向の中心となった。
- After the Perry Expedition and the Opening of Japan, the following of Sonno Joi greatly extended their influence, accordingly the Emperor and the Imperial Court rapidly gathered momentum, and the political center moved from Edo to a distant city, Kyoto (the Imperial Court and its vicinity).
- 満州族による王朝である清は建国以来、父祖の地である満洲には漢民族を入れないという封禁政策を取り、中国内地のような目の細かい行政制度も採用しなかった。
- The Qing Dynasty was established by the Manchu, who forbade the ethnic Han from migrating into their native lands through an exclusion policy, and did not adopt specifically delineated administrative policies as they in Manchuria as they had in China.
- 応仁の乱後に家督争いなどで没落したが戦国時代を乗り切った京極氏の一系統が、佐々木氏以来の家臣・与騎の一部を組み込んで近世大名となり転封を繰り返した。
- After the Onin War, they declined for the conflicts over the succession; however, one branch of the Kyogoku clan survived the Sengoku period; they incorporated some of the vassals and lower-ranking samurai warriors who had served the Sasaki clan, and at last became Kinsei Daimyo; however, their domain was frequently changed by the order of the shogunate.
- そこで彼は、広く各大名から旗本、さらには庶民に至るまで、幕政に加わらない人々にも、外交についての意見を聞こうとしたが、これは開幕以来初めてであった。
- Therefore, he began to receive outside opinions on Japan's diplomatic policy from the daimyo (feudal lords), hatamoto (direct retainers of the Shogunate), and even the common people, who had never before participated in the Shogunate government.
- 「旧城主は祖先以来数百年間伝来の縁故により、これを払い渡し旧形を保存し、後世に伝えるなら歴史上の沿革を示す一端となり好都合である」ことを理由とした。
- The reason was that 'if castles are sold to former castellans, who have connections to the castles that had been inherited from their ancestors over the past several hundred years, and the castellans are to preserve the shapes of the castles and hand them down to later generations, the castles would show part of the course of our history, which is favorable.'
- 応仁の乱の際に、律令制のもとで神社を管掌した神祇官の庁舎が焼失してしまい、以来吉田家・白川伯王家が私邸を神祇官代として祭祀と神社管掌を継続していた。
- The building that housed the Jingikan, which managed shrines under the Ritsuryo system, was burned down in the Onin War and the Yoshida family and the Shirakawahakuo family continued to manage religious services and shrines with their private houses as Jingikandai.
- 天智天皇が近江宮に遷都して以来の歴史を持つ古都であり、世界文化遺産の比叡山延暦寺や園城寺(三井寺)、日吉大社などの神社仏閣をはじめ史跡が多く点在する。
- It is an ancient capital known since Emperor Tenchi transferred the capital to Omi no miya (Omi Palace), and it is dotted with lots of historical sites including shrines and temples such as Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei as the World Cultural Heritage, Onjo-ji Temple (Mii-dera Temple) and Hiyoshi-taisha Shrine.
- 吉宗が御庭番を新設した理由としては、家康以来幕府に仕えてきた伊賀者、甲賀者が忍者としての機能を失い、間諜として使い物にならなくなったことがあげられる。
- Yoshimune created the position of oniwaban because people from Iga and Koga who had worked for the bakufu since Ieyasu era, no longer functioned as ninja and secret agents.
- 天皇の后妃、生母以外での女院号宣下は室町幕府3代将軍足利義満の正室、日野康子(北山院)以来約320年ぶりで、現在に至るまで孝子内親王が最後の例である。
- It was the first time in about 320 years that someone other than emperors' consorts or real mothers received senge for Nyoingo after Yasuko HINO (Kitayamain), who was the lawful wife of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, the third Shogun of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), the Imperial Princess Takako has been the last case up to today.
- 東大寺修二会は752年(天平勝宝4年)始められて以来、現在まで一度も途絶えることなく今日まで伝えられている、東大寺がある限り続く「不退の行法」である。
- Since Shuni-e in Todai-ji Temple began in 752, it has been passed down until now without cessation and is 'gyoho of non-retrogression' which continues as long as Todai-ji Temple exists.
- 1971年(昭和46年)、建設省(現・国土交通省近畿地方整備局)は「淀川水系工事実施基本計画」を策定し、伊勢湾台風出水以来の洪水流量の改訂を実施した。
- In 1971, the Construction Ministry (now Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport Kinki Regional Development Bureau) devised the 'Yodo-gawa River System Construction Implementation Basic Plan,' and revised flood water estimates for the first time since the Isewan (Ise Bay) Typhoon.
- 旧皇族は、すべて室町時代以来続く世襲親王家の筆頭であった伏見宮の第4代伏見宮貞常親王の男系子孫にあたり、南北朝時代の北朝第3代崇光天皇の末裔でもある。
- All the former Imperial Family members were the male descendants of the fourth Fushiminomiya Imperial Prince Sadatsune, who was the head of the successive Imperial hereditary family since the Muromachi period, and were also descendants of the third Emperor, Emperor Suko of the Northern Court during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
- 古代の氏制度以来、一族の家系・家格・家祭・家業・家産・家門・家職の維持・継承が日本の上流階層特に本家・嫡流と呼ばれる家においては最も重要視されてきた。
- Ever since the clan system was established in ancient Japan, it has been deemed to be most important for those people in the upper class, especially in the families called honke (the head family) or chakuryu (the main branch of the family) to maintain and succeed for generations the line, status, rite, business, properties, kamon (family), and trade or profession of the family.
- わたしは、日夜、祈の中で、絶えずあなたのことを思い出しては、きよい良心をもって先祖以来つかえている神に感謝している。 (テモテヘの第ニの手紙 1:3)
- I thank God, whom I serve as my forefathers did, with a pure conscience. How unceasing is my memory of you in my petitions, night and day (2 Timothy 1:3)
- でもそれ以来、別の理由が2つ生じてきて、そのためにわたしはここにいくつかの材料を追加して、自分のやってきたことや計画について世間に知らせようと考えた。
- But since then, two other reasons have come into operation that have determined me here to subjoin some particular specimens, and give the public some account of my doings and designs.
- 7月29日には重盛が死去するが、10月9日の除目で院近臣の藤原季能が越前守となり、仁安 (日本)元年(1166年)以来の重盛の知行国が没収されてしまう。
- Shigemori passed away on September 9 (July 29 in old lunar calendar), but FUJIWARA no Sueyoshi, who was the trusted vassal of the cloistered emperor, became Governor of Echizen Province in Jimoku (ceremony for appointing officials) of November 16 (October 9 in old lunar calendar), and chigyo-koku (provincial fiefdom) of Shigemori after 1166 was confiscated.
- が、それ以前については旗本時代以来の本拠が朽木にあったことから、その大名取立てから鹿沼領有までの11年間は江戸幕府における朽木藩が存在したとされている。
- However, as the family's base had been in Kutsuki from the time of hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), it is thought that the Kutsuki Domain of the Edo bakufu existed during the eleven-year period after Tanetsuna became daimyo and before he gained Kanuma.
- 東港は1901年に軍港に指定され舞鶴鎮守府が開設されて以来、大日本帝国海軍が港湾のみならず、本来単なる入り江に過ぎなかった東舞鶴地区の土地造成も行った。
- Since the East Port was designated as a naval port to house the Maizuru Chinju-fu in 1901, the former Japanese Imperial Navy not only developed it as the harbor but also reclaimed the land of Higashi Maizuru area--once merely an inlet.
- この事件については立志社の指導者である板垣退助・後藤象二郎らは無関係で片岡も林ら過激な首謀者の巻き添えとなったとする見解が『自由党史』以来の通説である。
- Ever since the 'History of the Liberal Party' was compiled, the consensus has been that Taisuke ITAGAKI and Shojiro GOTO, leaders of the Rishisha, had nothing to do with the plot and that KATAOKA and HAYASHI were just associated with the radical ringleaders.
- 一方、私学校設立以来、政府は彼らの威を恐れ、早期の対策を行ってこなかったが、私学校党による県政の掌握が進むにつれて、私学校に対する曲解も本格化してきた。
- On the other hand, when Shigakko was founded, the central government had failed in taking prompt action for fear of the schools' influence; however, as the Shigakko faction became powerful in the prefectural government, the central government began to put a false color on Shigakko.
- 安達泰盛は幕府創設以来の有力御家人安達氏の一族で、北条氏得宗家の外戚として執権北条時宗を支え、越訴、御恩奉行などの重職を歴任した幕政の中心人物であった。
- Yasumori ADACHI was a member of the Adachi clan, the senior vassals since the Kamakura government was established, and he supported the regent Tokimune HOJO as a maternal relative of the Tokuso Family of the Hojo clan, and was a key figure experienced in important positions like an Ossobugyo (temporary position in charge of retrials and accepting appeals in Kamakura bakufu) and Goon bugyo (commissioner in charge of issuing the deed of rewards.)
- 日蓮系各派の本尊(曼荼羅)にも不動明王と相対して愛染明王が書かれているが、空海によって伝えられた密教の尊格であることから日蓮以来代々梵字で書かれている。
- Aizen Myoo is also depicted in pictures of the Mandala, a principal image of the Nichiren sects, facing Fudo Myoo; and it has been written in Sanskrit since Nichiren through the ages because it has a venerable status of Mikkyo transmitted by Kukai.
- 明暦元年(1655年)宗旦の推挙で三河国三河吉田藩の小笠原忠知に仕えた折りに、宗旦は利休以来の不審庵、自らの隠居の今日庵の庵号を用いることを許している。
- In 1655, at Sotan's recommendation, Sohen YAMADA went to serve Tadatomo OGASAWARA of the Mikawa Yoshida Domain in Mikawa Province and Sotan allowed him to use the names Fushinan, which had been handed down since Rikyu's time, and Konnichian, the name of Sotan's tea house built for his retirement.
- 承久記の流布本とは内容、思想的な違いが見え、序文で仏説に基づき、日本における神武天皇以来のそれまでの国王兵乱について述べてから承久の乱への記述を始める。
- The details of the Jiko-ji bon are philosophically different from the popular edition of Jokyuki, and after the preface based on Buddha's teachings, it tells about disturbances which had taken place since the reign of Emperor Jinmu, and then the Jokyu Disturbance is told.
- スタジオ・ジブリの痛恨のまちがいで、それ以来外国には放映権を与えていませんし、今後も事前に条件を慎重にチェックしてからでないと、権利は二度と売りません。
- It was a great error of Studio Ghibli and we haven't given broadcast rights to foreign countries since, and we'll never again give such rights without an attentive examination of the conditions beforehand.
- 平安京以来、現在も用いられる「東西通+南北通」(例:四条烏丸)という地点の表記の方法にならい、町小路が東西の通りと交差する地点は、「○○+町」と呼ばれた。
- Following the notation method of 'East-West street and South-North street' (example: Shijo Karasuma) used even today that began with the establishment of Heian-kyo, the location where a Machi-koji Street bisects a East-West street was called 'XX-cho (town).'
- 紀伊国藤白(現在の和歌山県海南市)の鈴木氏は、12世紀頃に熊野から同じ紀伊国内の藤白に移り住んで以来、王子社(現在の藤白神社)の神官を代々務めた家である。
- The Suzuki clan in Fujishiro, Kii Province (present Kainan City, Wakayama Prefecture) was the family of Shinto priests at Oji-sha Shrine (present Fujishiro-jinja Shrine) during the generations, since the family moved within the same Kii Province from Kumano to Fujishiro around 12th century.
- 現在の概念にあたる首都は1868年(明治元年)以来、主に「帝都」と称され、1950年(昭和25年)の「首都建設法」制定以降になって「首都」の語が普及した。
- The capital corresponding to the present concept of capital was established in 1868, since then it has been chiefly called 'the imperial capital,' and it was after the enactment of 'Law of Capital Construction' in 1950, that the term 'Capital' spread into general use.
- 1883年以来、フランスの保護国であったベトナムでは日露戦争に刺激され、1904年頃、ファン・ボイ・チャウ(潘佩珠)らによって反仏運動の結社が組織された。
- Since 1883, Vietnam was a French-protected state, where, around 1904, Phan Boi Chau and others, inspired by the Russo-Japanese War, organized an association advocating the anti-French movement.
- このニコライ皇太子訪日の日程中、滋賀県大津市においていわゆる大津事件が発生、外国皇族に日本の官憲が危害を加えるという日本外交史始まって以来の大事件となる。
- During Prince Nicholas's stay in Japan, the Otsu Incident occurred in Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture, this was the first major incident in Japanese history of Japanese authorities harming the Imperial family from overseas.
- しかし、書中ではこれをあまりに話が出来すぎていると指摘し、明治初年以来の洋食屋である神田佐久間町の三河屋にてハッシュ・ビーフが流行った事が記載されている。
- This allegation is refuted by another article in the book, which points out that this episode is too convenient to be valid, and says that hashed beef was a popular dish at that time at Mikawaya, a Western-style restaurant located in Kanda Sakuma-cho, which was founded in the first year of the Meiji period.
- それまでの歴史から後鳥羽は、ほどなく義時が討ち取られ、関東武士たちも帰順すると見込んでいたが、幕府側は、頼朝以来の御恩を訴え、御家人の大多数を味方につけた。
- Considering the history so far, Gotoba expected that Yoshitoki would soon be killed and that the Kanto Samurai Group would submit, but the bakufu faction called in its favors since the time of Yoritomo and allied with the majority of gokenin.
- 地方においても、形骸化していた律令制の官の復権である国司と、鎌倉幕府以来の武家による統治機構である守護・地頭の並立は、当初から新政の矛盾を示すものであった。
- In rural areas, as well, having the position of the provincial governor, working to revitalize the officers of the Ritsuryo system who had become mere empty figureheads, coexisting with the Protectors and jito (estate stewards), who had been part of the system of government by the samurai clans since the founding of the Kamakura bakufu, revealed the contradictions of the new government right from the beginning.
- 嘉応2年(1170年)後白河は福原山荘にて宋人と対面しているが、これは宇多天皇の遺戒でタブーとされた行為であり、九条兼実は「我が朝、延喜以来未曾有の事なり。
- In 1170, Goshirakawa met a person from Song at the Fukuhara mountain retreat, but this was an act that was considered taboo because of Emperor Uda's will and Kanezane KUJO wrote with astonishment, 'This is the most shocking event in Japan since Engi era.
- ちなみに長清以来の歴代藩主が陣屋の移転にこだわったのは、戒重が年貢収納に不便な土地だったのに対し、芝村(岩田村)が藩領の中心地で何かと便利だったためである。
- The reason why successive lords of the domain since Nagakiyo were particular about a move of the jinya is that Shiba Village (Iwata Village) was located in the center of the territory and convenient for doing anything; whereas Kaiju is an inconvenient place to collect land tax.
- 元和 (日本)元年徳川家康が鵜飼を見物し、石焼きのアユに感賞し、以来、江戸城に毎年アユを献上するのが例となり、鵜匠21戸に戸ごとに10両の扶持を給せられた。
- In 1615 Ieyasu TOKUGAWA saw Ukai and was impressed by the taste of ayu baked on hot pebbles, so that it became a custom to present ayu to Edo Castle every year and 21 Ukai houses were each given 10 ryo as a salary.
- 後に中国の唐代に活躍した道宣は、インド以来の伝承に基づいて『四分律行事鈔』を選述し、その中で胆病送終(病人を看病し、その最期を見届けること)について論じた。
- Daoxuan, who later played an active role in the period of the Tang Dynasty of China, wrote 'Shibunritsu Gyojisho' (the 'Ceremonies' Section of the Four-fold Vinaya) based on tradition handed down from India and therein discussed nursing the sick and seeing him or her through to the end.
- また不安定に変化する厩戸王子の表情に注目し、その変貌を「手塚治虫以来日本のマンガに脈うつ男女変身譚および異人変身譚の最大の収穫のひとつだろう」と語っている。
- Moreover, with focusing on the facial expression of Prince Umayado that changes unsteadily, he said that its changes 'are one of the biggest fruit of the stories of transformation (man turns into woman and woman turn into man, or a person turns into a different person) that has been throbbing through Japanese manga since Osamu TEZUKA.'
- 「天皇ハ万物ノ主宰ニシテ、剖判(ほうはん・「宇宙創造時」の意)以来天統間断無ク天地ト与(とも)ニ化育ヲ同シ玉ヒ……」(『勤斎公奉務要書残編』)などとされる。
- The Emperor is the ruler of all things, and has ruled the earth and the heavens without break since the creation of the universe….' (excerpted from a book on conducting public religious services)
- この手法は、それを適用しはじめて以来ずっと、とても強い満足感を与えてくれたので、これより完璧だったり無垢たっだりするものはこの世で味わえまいと思ったほどだ。
- This method, from the time I had begun to apply it, had been to me the source of satisfaction so intense as to lead me to, believe that more perfect or more innocent could not be enjoyed in this life;
- 中世以来、四辻宮や岩倉宮などいくつもの宮家が存在したが、これらの宮家は親王の身位とともに継承されるとは限らないので世襲宮家ではあるものの、世襲親王家ではない。
- From the middle ages, there were several princely houses, including the Yotsutsujinomiya and the Iwakuranomiya, which were not the Seshu-Shinno-ke, but Seshu-Miya-ke (hereditary princely houses) because they did not always succeed to the title of Imperial Prince.
- 後三条は、宇多天皇以来藤原北家(後三条天皇)を外戚に持たない170年ぶりの天皇であり、外戚の地位を権力の源泉としていた摂関政治がここに揺らぎ始めることとなる。
- Gosanjo was the first Emperor in 170 years whose cognates were not from the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan (Sekkan-ke (摂関家)), and this was another sign that Sekkan seiji, the authority of which was based on the position as being conducted by cognates of the Emperor, was beginning to waver.
- マーティンは1850年に来華して以来中国に留まり、天津条約の起草や北京同文館や京師大学堂での西欧学問教授、キリスト教伝道など多方面にわたり活動した人物である。
- After Martin came to China in 1850, he stayed in China and played important roles in various areas such as drafting of Treaty of Tianjin, teaching of western scholarship in Tongwen Guan in Beijing (literally, School of Combined Learning) and Imperial Capital University (former Peking University) and mission of Christianity.
- 幕末の動乱は藪内家にもおよび、元治元年(1864年)の兵火で家屋は全て焼失しているが、真翁以来の庇護者であった西本願寺の援助によって速やかに復旧を遂げている。
- The Yabunouchi family was also affected by the upheaval of the end of the Edo period, and the residence was completely burnt down during fighting in 1864; however, it was soon rebuilt thanks to the support of Nishi Hongan-ji Temple, which had been its benefactor since the Shino's time.
- キリスト教は1549年(天文 (元号)18年)にフランシスコ・ザビエルによってカトリックが日本に伝えられて以来、貿易などを通して信者(キリシタン)が増加した。
- Since 1549, when Catholicism was firstly introduced to Japan by Francis Xavier, the number of Christians increased, stimulated by trade and other factors.
- 城下町広島では江戸時代以来庶民に定着してきたため、広島市周辺では他の宗派でも盆燈籠を認めている寺院もあるが、日蓮宗などのようにほとんど認めていない寺院もある。
- The custom came to stay among the public in the castle town Hiroshima in the Edo period, and so, in and around today's Hiroshima City, some temples other than Jodo Shinshu also allow the dedication, but other temples, such as those of 'Nichirenshu' (Nichiren Sect of Buddhism), rarely allow it.
- 日本の皇位継承は、皇室始まって以来の男系の伝統をつないでいくか、女系を容認して旧来の皇統と決別し、新たな皇統を創設していくかの岐路に立っていると言えるだろう。
- Japanese Imperial succession, it is at the crossroads to end the old tradition and establish new Imperial lineage, whether to keep the traditional Imperial succession by the male Imperial line since the beginning of the Imperial family, or to accept succession from the female Imperial lineage.
- 上述の黒船来航以来忍者の存在は忘れられていたが、1950年代後半より、小説や時代劇等に忍者が取り上げられるようになり、再び日本人の間で認知されるようになった。
- Since the said arrival of Kurofune, the existence of ninja had been forgotten, but ninja started to be featured in novels and period dramas from late 1950 and they have come to be recognized among Japanese again.
- その由来については中世以来の伝統的な下人の後継や戦国時代 (日本)から江戸時代初期にかけての混乱期に人身売買によって獲得された零細民であったと考えられている。
- It is considered that the origin was successors of traditional genin since the Medieval period and reisaimin (people who lived from hand to mouth) captured by human trafficking at the time of disorder from the Sengoku period (period of warring states) to the early Edo period.
- 子母沢寛の著書『新撰組始末記』で紹介されて以来、有名となり、以下の5ヶ条として知られるが、同時代史料にはこれを全て記録した物は現在までのところ発見されていない。
- The rules became famous after Kan SHIMOZAWA introduced them in his book 'Shinsengumi Shimatsuki,' and are known by the following 5 Articles, although no historical materials describing all 5 Articles have been found as of now.
- 例外は赤橋久時であるが、赤橋家は久時の祖父北条長時以来、10代で叙爵し、20代で引付衆を経ることなく直に評定衆に就任するなど得宗家に次ぐ家格の高さを示していた。
- Hisatoki AKAHASHI is an exceptional example, but the Akahashi family was a respected family next to the Tokuso family, and Hisatoki was raised to peerage in his teens after his grandfather Nagatoki HOJO, and was suddenly appointed Hyojo-shu in his twenties without a carrier as Hikitsuke-shu.
- 日本での発泡酒の誕生には、時代背景による一種の対処法、参入障壁の高いビール製造、高いビールの税率、1989年以来のビールの低価格競争が主な要因としてあげられる。
- The main factors in the development of low-malt beer were consumption trends, the high entry barrier for beer production, the high tax rate of beer, and the cost competition in beer production since 1989.
- そのおかげで、この木津の地は疫病の難から救われたといい伝えられており、その疫病とは皮膚病の一種だったようで、それ以来木津温泉は、皮膚病の効能を第一にうたっている。
- Thanks to his advice, people here in Kitsu are said to have narrowly escaped the plague which seemed to have been a kind of a dermatosis; ever since, Kitsu-onsen Hot Spring has publicized itself as being good for dermatosis among other ailments.
- 鎌倉幕府成立時には成文法が存在しておらず、表向き律令法・公家法には拠らず、武士の成立以来の武士の実践道徳を「道理」として道理・先例を基づく裁判をしてきたとされる。
- When Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was formed, there was no statutory law yet; however, it did not follow the ritsuryo law or the kugeho (laws issued by the Imperial Court) and the trials were held according to orders and precedents of morals which had been practiced by samurai since the birth of samurai.
- 本来、官職はその国家的仕事に直結し、自己の身分を示すのは位階であったが、官職が身分や家柄を示すようになったため、官位相当という令制以来の原則にも変化が現れ始めた。
- Originally, government posts were directly connected with national jobs and it was Ikai that showed their social status; but because the posts started to symbolize their social and family status, the fundamental rules of Kanisoto (Kani matching), which had existed since the beginning of the Ritsuryo system (the system of centralized administration established under the Ritsuryo codes), started to change.
- もともと、斉昭の藩主就任以来、水戸藩では斉昭に忠実な天狗党と幕府との関係を重視する諸生党の対立が激しかったが、密勅の対応をめぐり、さらに確執を深めることとなった。
- Originally, since Nariaki TOKUGAWA had assumed the lord of the domain, the Tenguto (the Tengu faction) who were royal to Nariaki had been in fierce conflict with the Shoseito (the Shosei faction) who emphasized the relationship with the bakufu, and the feud between them were intencified over how to handle this mitchoku.
- 遺諡は、鎌倉時代の後嵯峨天皇から南北朝時代・室町時代の後小松天皇にかけて多くあったが、その後7代にわたって絶えており、後水尾の遺諡は後小松以来約2世紀ぶりである。
- There are many examples of the posthumous names from Emperor Gosaga in the Kamakura period to Emperor Gokomatsu in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, as well as in the Muromachi period, after which it stopped for next seven generations; the posthumous name of Gomizunoo was the first one after two centuries, after Emperor Gokomatsu.
- それからこの弟子に言われた、「ごらんなさい。これはあなたの母です」。そのとき以来、この弟子はイエスの母を自分の家に引きとった。 (ヨハネによる福音書 19:27)
- Then he said to the disciple, 'Behold, your mother!' From that hour, the disciple took her to his own home. (John 19:27)
- 本法以降に出された追加の法令は「建武以来追加」と呼ばれるが、これは建武式目の追加という意味ではなく、建武年間以降に出された御成敗式目の追加という意味だとされている。
- Although the additional laws made after this code are called 'Kenmu supplementary legislation,' it is said that the name does not refer to supplements of the Kenmu Code, but rather to supplements of the Goseibai-shikimoku that were made after the Kenmu period.
- だが、その構造に差異はあっても、「多分の理」・「多分の評定」と呼ばれる無記名の多数決原理(「任道理就多分」)が必要とされ、僧伽以来の「一味和合」の精神を重要視した。
- However, even though the structure differed, 'nindorishutabun' (anonymous majority rule) called 'tabun no ri' (majority rule) and 'tabun no hyotei' (majority rule) was necessary and the spirit of 'Ichimi Wago' (Mingle together in One) from sangha was emphasized.
- 日本文化は有史以来、中国文化圏に属し輸入文化・翻訳文化の側面を持ち、積極的に外国の文化を摂取し、これを在来の文化と融合して日本化することで独自の文化を形成してきた。
- Since recorded history, the Japanese culture which has belonged to Chinese culture has had aspects of imported culture and translated culture, and has actively ingested foreign cultures, and Japan has formed its original culture by fusing such foreign cultures with conventional culture, and Japanizing fused cultures.
- 一方、三曲界内部においては、明治維新以来の西洋音楽の導入に伴って、その器楽的部分に影響を受け、江戸時代を通じて器楽的に発達していた「手事物」に注目されることも多い。
- Meanwhile, within the world of sankyoku focus is placed on 'tegotomono,' in which the instrumental aspect developed during the Edo period and which was also influenced by the Western music that was introduced since the Meiji Restoration.
- 16世紀以来日本茶道で用いられた唐物茶器の多くは、天目茶碗、珠光青磁、唐物茶入、呂宋茶壺(るそんちゃつぼ)など、主に中国南部の民窯で焼かれた非主流的なものであった。
- Most karamono tea bowls used in Japanese Sado from the 16th century, such as tenmoku tea bowls, Juko celadon, Karamono chaire (Chinese-style tea canisters) and Luzon chatsubo (tea urn) were minor wares that were mainly fired in minyo (private kilns for producing plate ware for daily use) in southern China.
- 一族中で生き残った源有綱(戦いの時伊豆国にいた)や源広綱などは源頼光以来の摂津源氏の子孫を伝えたが、幕府を開いた頼朝と比べるならばもはや一御家人の境遇でしかなかった。
- Survivors of the family such as MINAMOTO no Aritsuna (in Izu Province at the time of the battle) and MINAMOTO no Hirotsuna continued the family line of Settsu-Genji from MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu, but they were, compared with Yoritomo who established the Kamakura bakufu, only gokenin (immediate vassals of the shogunate)
- これが「上七軒」の由来で、桃山時代に豊臣秀吉が北野で大茶会を開いた折に茶店側は団子を献上したところ大いに誉められて以来、また西陣の結びつきで花街としての繁栄を極める。
- The name 'Kamishichiken' (literally meaning 'upper seven houses') originated from this fact, and Kamishichiken has prospered as a hanamachi, with close ties to Nishijin, ever since Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI held a large tea ceremony in Kitano in the Momoyama period and greatly praised the dumpling cake the tea house served.
- もともと太上天皇は天皇と同格かつ同等の権限を有するものとされ、最初の太上天皇である持統天皇と文武天皇以来、太上天皇と天皇が共同で執政することは当然のこととされていた。
- Originally, a retired empreor was considered to hold the same and equivalent authority as an emperor, so it was considered natural that the retired emperor and emperor rule together since the first Retired Emperor Jito and Emperor Monmu.
- 帝国議会設置以来、衆議院では、自由党_(明治)・立憲改進党に代表される自由民権運動を継承する民党とこれに反対する国民協会に代表される温和派(吏党)が対立を続けてきた。
- There were conflicts between the 'Minto' (People's Party) representing the Jiyuto (Liberal Party) in Meiji period and the Rikken Kaishinto supporting the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, and the 'Rito' (Bureaucrats' Party) representing the Kokumin Kyokai after the constitution of the Imperial Diet opposed it.
- 宝暦年間初期は豊作が続いたため、米価の下落を防ぐためもあって、幕府は宝暦4年(1754年)に元禄時代以来の規制緩和に踏み切り、寒酒のみならず新酒を造ることも許可した。
- In 1754, the bakufu decided to ease regulations for the first time since the Genroku era and permitted the brewing of shinshu (new brew of sake) as well as kanshu (sake brewed in the winter) partly for the purpose of preventing a decline in rice prices due to a sequence of rich harvests in early Horeki era.
- 倭の五王による南朝への奉献以来約1世紀を経て再開された遣隋使の目的は、東アジアの中心国・先進国である隋の文化の摂取が主であるが、朝鮮半島での影響力維持の意図もあった。
- The dispatch of envoys to China was resumed one century after the tributary envoys to the Southern Dynasty sent by the five kings of Wa (Japan), with the primary purpose of learning about Sui culture, as they were a key and leading country in East Asia, but also with the intention of maintaining Japanese influence over the Korean Peninsula.
- 1965年(昭和40年)の秋篠宮文仁親王の誕生以来2006年(平成18年)の悠仁親王の誕生までの41年間、皇室では9人続けて女子が誕生しており、男子の誕生がなかった。
- There were no male babies born, but nine girls were born in forty one years between 1965, when Akishinonomiya Imperial Prince Fumihito was born, and 2006, when Imperial Prince Hisahito was born.
- 『日本書紀』によると、甲寅の歳、45歳のとき日向国の地高千穂宮にあった磐余彦は、兄弟や皇子を集めて「天孫降臨以来、一百七十九萬二千四百七十餘歲(179万2470余年。
- According to Nihonshoki, at the age of 45, the year of Yang Wood Tiger, Iwarehikono Mikoto, residing at Takachiho no miya in Hyuga Province, brought his brothers and princes together, and declared 'Since the 'tensonkorin' (the descent to earth of the grandson of the sun goddess), about 1,792,477 years have passed
- もともと2代杖信の弟子で西勝寺の皆乗院公道が秋田に茶道を普及していた縁があり、宗震は4回にわたって秋田を訪れ伝道に携わり、それ以来秋田を中心に東北地方に広まっている。
- At the edge of the earlier connections that Kodo KAIJOIN of Saisho-ji Temple who was a disciple of the second head, Joshin, spread tea ceremony in Akita, Soshin visited Akita four times to involve in the promotion and the school has known over the Tohoku region, especially in Akita since then.
- 序文に書かれた本書成立に関する記述に疑いが持たれることから、江戸時代に水戸光圀、多田義俊、伊勢貞丈、本居宣長らに、偽書とされて以来、偽書であるとの評価が一般的である。
- With the descriptions regarding the establishment of the document in the prologue being under question, and Mitsukuni MITO, Yoshitoshi TADA, Sadatake ISE and Norinaga MOTOORI defining it as a forged document, it is now generally viewed as forgery.
- 下級武士や知識人階級を中心に、「鎖国は日本開闢以来の祖法」であるという説に反したとされた、その外交政策に猛烈に反発する世論が沸き起こり、「攘夷」運動として朝野を圧した。
- The public opinion of foreign exclusionism among low-ranking samurai and intellectuals in particular overwhelmed all over Japan, insisting furiously that the national seclusion had been the fundamental law since the dawn of Japanese history and the opening up of the country was against it.
- 侘茶法は千利休ゆずりの草庵の茶といい、これに対して式正茶法は書院および広間の茶で、室町以来の書院茶に武家の礼儀作法と侘茶の精神とを取り入れた秋元瑞阿弥独自の流儀である。
- The Wabi-cha school is said to favor a style of tea ceremony performed in a simple thatched cottage (soan) that is derived from SEN no Rikyu; the Shikisei school, on the other hand, is a style of tea ceremony performed in a study (Shoincha) or grand hall, and this is the original way developed by Zuiami AKIMOTO, who incorporated the philosophy of the samurai called Reigi Saho (civilities) and the spirit of Wabi-cha into the Shoincha way of tea ceremony from the post-Muromachi period.
- 植民地化されずに自力で近代化への改革をなした日本は、明治27年(1894年)にはイギリスと条約改正を成し遂げ、これを皮切りに江戸時代末期以来の不平等条約の解消を進めた。
- Successfully reforming itself to a modern nation without becoming a colony of another country, in 1894, Japan accomplished a treaty revision with England which started the process of terminating an unequal treaty that had existed since the end of the Edo period.
- そうなると、鎌倉期以来の地頭という地位は意義を失い、従来の地頭は、他の武士・有力名主らと同様に国人(こくじん)へと変質していき、室町中期までに地頭は名実ともに消滅した。
- As a result, the status of land steward established during the Kamakura period declined in importance, causing land stewards to become beings similar to local samurai just like other warriors and influential village headmen and to finally disappear from history both in name and in reality by the mid-Muromachi period.
- これが「上七軒」の由来で、安土桃山時代に豊臣秀吉が北野で大茶会を開いた折に茶店側は団子を献上したところ大いに誉められて以来、また西陣の結びつきで花街としての繁栄を極める。
- The name 'Kamishichiken' (literally meaning 'upper seven houses') originated from this fact, and Kamishichiken has prospered as a hanamachi, with close ties to Nishijin, ever since Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI held a large tea ceremony in Kitano in the Momoyama period and greatly praised the dumpling cake served by the teahouse.
- 学制以来の明治政府の啓蒙主義的な教育政策を否定し、明治以前の儒教中心の教育に戻すこと、庶民教育は読み書き算盤を主体とする実学と儒教的徳目育成のみで十分とする趣旨であった。
- Opposed to the thought-provoking education policy of the Meiji government that had been in place since the Government Order of Education in Japan, Kyogaku Seishi wanted to return to the type of Confucian-centered educational system that had been pursued prior to the Meiji period; he believed that just practical learning with the main focus on reading, writing and arithmetic combined with the teaching of Confucian-type virtues was sufficient for the masses.
- こうして本営が浜町に後退したために、優勢だった薩軍右翼各隊も東方へ後退せざるを得なくなり、関ヶ原の戦い以来最大の野戦であった「城東会戦」はわずか一日の戦闘で決着がついた。
- Since the headquarters were moved to Hamacho, the troops of the Satsuma army in the right flank, which were in an advantageous state in the battle, were also forced to move to the east, bringing an end to the 'battle of Joto', the largest field battle after the Battle of Sekigahara, only in one day.
- 将軍上洛を求める圧力に抗しきれず、文久3年(1863年)家茂は将軍としては200年ぶり(3代徳川家光以来)の上洛を余儀なくされ、来る5月10日の攘夷決行を約束させられた。
- Shogun Iemochi, who could not resist their requirement, finally visited Kyoto in 1863 and was the first shogun to be forced to do so in 200 years (the previous time being the visit made by the 3rd shogun Iemistsu), and was forced to promise to expel foreigners, this coming May 10.
- かつては富裕層のステイタスとして蒔絵や木画などで美しく装飾されるものが多かったが、やはり山田検校以来、装飾は最低限に抑え、音色を重視するシンプルなものが次第に多くなった。
- Although many products were decorated with makie (Japanese lacquer sprinkled with gold or silver powder) or mokuga (wood painting) in the past in order to show the status of wealthy people, simple products which emphasized tone quality rather than decorations gradually increased since the era of Yamada Kengyo.
- しかし、『日本書紀』が神武天皇以来の歴代天皇の「オホキサキ」に対して「皇后」の漢字を当てていることから、彼女以前の天皇の正妃についても「皇后」の称で呼ぶ慣行となっている。
- However, since the Kanji '皇后' (empress) is assigned for all 'Okisaki' of emperors since Emperor Jinmu in 'Nihon Shoki,' it is common practice to call wives of the emperor before her as 'Kogo' (empress).
- 南北朝時代 (日本)により、天皇家と公家勢力の権力及その権威が低下すると共に、足利幕府の成立以来、足利将軍家の権威は天皇家に迫り、実質的に日本の君主としての役割を担った。
- Due to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), the power and authority of the Imperial Family and Court noble declined, and at the same time, the Ashikaga Shogun Family's authority advanced on that of the Imperial Family and he practically served the role of the monarch of Japan.
- 明治末以来、藩閥勢力の代表で陸軍に近い桂太郎(長州藩出身)と立憲政友会の西園寺公望(公家出身)が「情意投合」のもと、交互に政権を担う慣例が続いていた(桂園時代と呼ばれる)。
- From the end of the Meiji period, in the Japanese government a conventional power rotation system was implemented under the agreement called 'Joi Togo' (the agreement to take power alternately) between Taro KATSURA (from the former Choshu Domain), who was closely related to the Japanese Army and a representative figure of the domain-based forces, and Kinmochi SAIONJI (from the former court noble), who belonged to the Rikken Seiyukai (a political party organized by Hirobumi ITO, hereinafter referred to Seiyukai) (called Kei-En era after the initial characters of their names).
- 良源の弟子である源信 (僧侶)(恵心僧都。942年 - 1017年)は、天竺以来の三一論争をまとめ、一乗真実を説いた『一乗要決』を著して日本における三一権実論争は終息した。
- Ryogen's disciple Genshin (Priest) (also known as Eshin Sozu, 942 – 1017) summarized Sanichigonjitsu no soron from Tenjiku and wrote 'Ichijo-yoketsu' (Essentials of the One-Vehicle Teaching) which discussed the absolute doctrine that only one teaching, the Lotus Sutra, can lead to enlightenment and Sanichigonjitsu no soron in Japan ended.
- また、日蓮宗系各派の本尊(いわゆる十界曼荼羅)にも不動明王が書かれているが、愛染明王と同様、空海によって伝えられた密教の尊格であることから、日蓮以来代々種子で書かれている。
- Moreover, Fudo Myoo is depicted on the Nichiren sect's main image (which is called Jikkai Mandala), and has been drawn by Shushi (Shuji, Bija) historically since Nichiren because it's a venerable status of Mikkyo, which was transmitted by Kukai, as well as Aizen Myoo (Ragaraja).
- 休みの月は、海外旅行に出かけることも多く、特に1960年(昭和35年)の歌舞伎初のアメリカ公演の折に訪れて以来、ラスベガスはお気に入りで、カジノで終日楽しむことも多かった。
- During a month he did not had a stage, he was mostly on overseas travels, and especially since he had the first kabuki stage in the United States in 1960, he was fond of visiting Las Vegas and often enjoyed the casino all day long.
- 江戸時代も中期に差し掛かると、世の中は平和になる一方で社会が発展するにつれて新たな社会問題も生じ、古い戦国期以来の法体系を継承した従来の幕藩法体系では対応出来なくなってきた。
- By mid-Edo period, while the world became peaceful and as society developed, new social issues emerged that could not be dealt with by the traditional shogunate system of law that succeeded the ancient system after the warring states period.
- 室生寺(奈良県宇陀市)には平安時代前期以来の「金堂」(国宝)があるとともに、鎌倉時代末期の延慶 (日本)元年(1308年)に造営された灌頂堂が「本堂」(国宝)と呼ばれている。
- At Muro-ji Temple (Uda City, Nara Prefecture), there is the 'Kondo' (a national treasure) that was constructed in the early Heian period, while the Kanjo hall that was constructed in 1308, at the end of the Kamakura period, was called 'Hondo' (a national treasure).
- 同県は昭和時代初期にすでに西田川郡京田村の工藤吉郎兵衛が人工交配によって酒の華・京の華・国の華の、いわゆる羽州華三部作を開発して以来、民間での酒米開発はたいへん盛んであった。
- Since Kichibe KUDO in Kyoda-mura, Nishi tagawa-gun, developed the so-called triptych of Ushu hana--namely Sake no hana, Kyo no hana and Kuni no hana--through artificial crossing at the beginning of the Showa period, the development of sakamai in the private sector was a popular activity in Yamagata Prefecture.
- 大国ロシアに対して戦勝を記録したことは、諸外国にも反響を与えたが、嘉永年間以来の黒船の衝撃と、その後目指した西欧列強に並ぶ近代国家づくりの目標は一応達成されたとする説もある。
- Japan's victory over the major power Russia made an impact abroad but there was an opinion that its objective to develop itself to become a modern nation comparable to Western powerful countries after the earth-shattering visit by Kurofune during the Kaei era (1848-1854) was at least accomplished.
- 開設時以来、文科系単科大学としての規模・内容を堅持し、建学の理念として、各専門分野の綿密な研究・教授を通じた、自己の信念確立への方向性と深い教養とを持った人物の育成を掲げる。
- Since its foundation, the university has maintained its scale and contents as a humanities-oriented university whose founding philosophy is to nurture those who firmly establish themselves in faith and have deep knowledge, doing so through in-depth research and the teaching of specialized subjects.
- その変種は、完全にプログラム可能なエディタの生態ニッチをあまりに完璧に埋めてしまったので、だれも 1980 年代初期以来、まったく異なるデザインなど試してみようとすらしない。
- its variants fill the ecological niche for a fully-programmable editor so completely that no competitor has gotten much beyond the one-man project stage since the early 1980s.
- 11月13日島津忠義(薩摩藩主)率いる薩摩軍3000人が上京するが、他藩の動きは鈍かった(なお同じく倒幕派の長州藩は禁門の変以来朝敵となっており、入京を許可されていなかった)。
- While 3,000 Satsuma troops led by Tadayoshi SHIMAZU (lord of Satsuma domain) went up to Kyoto in December 8, other domains were slow to follow (Choshu Domain of the same tobakuha group was not allowed to enter Kyoto since it had been regarded as the Emperor's enemy after the Kinmon Incident).
- かくして光仁以来の天智系皇統が天武系皇統を教訓にして取り入れた兄弟継承の相続(大兄制の実質復活)は、藤原種継暗殺事件から承和の変に至る皇位継承を巡る内紛の連鎖の招来に終わった。
- Therefore, after Emperor Tenji's Imperial line learned its lesson from Emperor Tenmu's Imperial line and since the era of Emperor Konin, the Imperial throne was succeeded between brothers (the practical return of the succession between the eldest brothers), and it was responsible for a continuous dispute for Imperial succession, starting from the incident to assassinate FUJIWARA no Tanetsugu and ended with the Showa Disturbance.
- この指定制度は、1975年の文化財保護法の改正によって実現し、1976年5月4日に第1回として30件が指定されて以来、2009年3月11日現在で、合計264件が指定されている。
- This system of designation was established with the revision of the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties in 1975, and since the first round of designations held on May 4, 1976 approved 30 properties, the number of designated properties has increased to a total of 264 as of March 11, 2009.
- 寛永文化の中心は京都であったとされ、中世以来の伝統を引き継ぐ町衆勢力と後水尾天皇を中心とする朝廷勢力が、封建制を強化する江戸幕府に対抗する形で古典文芸・文化の興隆を生み出した。
- The center of Kanei-bunka was Kyoto, and people of merchant class who inherited the tradition of medieval times and those of Imperial Court who gathered around the Emperor Gomizunoo created classical Japanese arts/culture against the Edo bakufu, which strived to strengthen the feudal system.
- プロジェクトの開始以来、管理者が一人しかいなくて、その管理者が活動を続けているなら、ハッカー慣習はそのプロジェクトをだれが所有しているのかについて疑問視することすら許さない。
- When a project has had only one maintainer since its inception and the maintainer is still active, custom does not even permit a question as to who owns the project.
- 書名については本来無題、あるいは『能作者』、『謡作者』であったと見られるが、1915年『禅竹集』に吉田東伍が翻刻した際、『能本作者註文』の題で収録して以来、この名が定着している。
- The book was originally untitled or may have been entitled 'No Sakusha' or 'Utai Sakusha' but the name 'Nohon Sakusha Chumon' took hold since it was recorded under this title when it was reprinted in 'Zenchiku Shu' by Togo YOSHIDA in 1915.
- その持統天皇の譲位を受けて即位した孫の文武天皇の時期には、天武・持統以来の改革の集大成となる律令の制定が急がれ、大宝 (日本)元年(701年)に大宝律令の完成という形で結実した。
- Empress Jito has abdicated the throne in favor of her grandson Emperor Monmu; during his reign, the establishment of Ritsuryo Code, which was to become the culmination of the reform since the time of the emperors Tenmu and Jito, was implemented, and it came to a realization in the form of Taiho Code in 701.
- 昭和27年(1952年)、嶋原が開かれて以来現存する唯一の揚屋の遺構として国の重要文化財に指定された(ただし「松の間」のみは大正末期、火事により焼失してしまい指定されていない)。
- In 1952, Sumiya's building was designated as a national important cultural property by the government, based on the fact that it was the only surviving ageya structure that was built when Sumiya moved to Shimabara (except for the Matsuno-ma room, which was destroyed by fire at the end of the Taisho period).
- 「橿原」の地名が早く失われたために宮跡は永らく不明であったが、江戸時代以来、多くの史家が「畝傍山東南橿原地」の記述を基に口碑や古書の蒐集を行っており、その成果は蓄積されていった。
- As the place-name 'Kashiara' had been lost so early that remains of Imperial Palace had been unknown for a long time; however, many historians began to collect legends and old books according to the description 'Unebiyama Tonan Kashiharachi' from the Edo period and after, so as to accumulate the achievements of collection.
- 足利義満の死後、旧鎌倉幕府以来の奉行の家柄や足利将軍家の譜代家臣の家柄から構成された文官集団である奉行衆(ぶぎょうしゅう)が組織され、そこから奉行人が選出されるのが定例となった。
- After the death of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, a civilian group composed of the families who had served as bugyo within the former Kamakura bakufu, along with families of hereditary vassals of the Ashikaga Shogun family organized the Bugyo-shu, from which it was regularly practiced to elect bugyo.
- 安政の大獄以来、逼塞に追い込まれていた徳川慶喜・松平慶永らが表舞台に復帰したことにより幕府の改革は進むかに見えたが、やがて島津久光との意見の相違が明らかとなり、対立することとなる。
- As Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA and Yoshinaga MATSUDAIRA, who had been forced to retire from the forefront of politics since Ansei no Taigoku, returned to the political scene, the reform of the bakufu was expected to be promoted, but eventually the difference of the opinion with Hisamitsu SHIMAZU surfaced and led to the confrontation.
- 特にイギリスは幕末以来薩摩藩と多額の取引を行っており、その際に支払われた贋金が無効と言う事になれば、イギリスの商人や企業が打撃を受け、日本の貿易は大混乱に陥る事を警戒したのである。
- England in particular had traded large amounts of money with the Satsuma Domain since the end of Edo period, and Parkes was cautious about the possibility that if the counterfeit money paid during this time was to become invalid, English merchants and businesses would suffer losses, and Japanese trade would fall into great confusion.
- 一方、幕府創設以来の御家人達にとって、一段身分が低く、あくまでも北条家の家臣に過ぎない内管領・御内人が権勢を振るう事への反発は強く、それら外様御家人層の多くが泰盛方に加わっていた。
- On the other hand, Gokenins since the foundation of Kamakura bakufu were offended by Uchi-Kanrei and Miuchibito since Uchi-kanreia holding the reins of power despite they were of lower ranks than Gokenin and, as a result, most of tozama gokenin (nonhereditary lower-ranking vassal in the Kamakura period) joined Yasumori's party.
- 「知って居るのは、世界中に唯一人、劫初(こうしょ=この世の初め)以来何億万年にも誰一人、その唯の一人しか知るものは無い、それは大雲院開山教蓮社退魯大和尚聖誉貞安上人唯一人である。」
- The founder of Daiun-in Temple, Kyorensha Tairo Daiosho Seiyo Teian Shonin, was the only person in the world throughout the history who knew the secret.'
- 家康は慶長8年(1603年)2月に伏見城において征夷大将軍補任の宣旨を受け、3月に竣工間もない二条城に入城、室町幕府以来の慣例に基づく「拝賀の礼」を行うため、御所への行列を発した。
- In February of 1603, he received the appointment to Seii Taishogun at Fushimi-jo Castle and in March and he moved into the newly completed Nijo-jo Castle, from which he started a procession to the Imperial Palace to hold the Haiga no Rei ceremony in accordance with the tradition since the Muromachi Shogunate.
- 創建以来たびたび焼失と再建を繰り返したが、江戸時代の享保2年(1717年)の火災による焼失後は1世紀以上再建されず、文政2年(1819年)、篤志家の寄付によってようやく再建された。
- The temple was repeatedly rebuilt following fires, but after its destruction by fire in 1717 it took more than a century to reconstruct the buildings, and it was only in 1819 (Bunsei era) when they were finally reconstructed thanks to contributions by benefactors.
- 中世以来本来の姿を失っていた八神殿の復興は祭政一致の具体的な実現への動きであり、滞っていた宣教の分野においても教説をただ説くだけでなく、実際に行うことが必要であるとの考えであった。
- The restoration of Hasshinden, which had been lost since the middle ages was a concrete movement towards achieving the unity of religion and state, and the movement was based on the idea that it was necessary not only to preach, but to do something concrete as well in the area of religious promotion activities that had been sluggish.
- そして、この福音は、世界中いたる所でそうであるように、あなたがたのところでも、これを聞いて神の恵みを知ったとき以来、実を結んで成長しているのである。 (コロサイ人への手紙 1:6)
- which has come to you; even as it is in all the world and is bearing fruit and growing, as it does in you also, since the day you heard and knew the grace of God in truth; (Colossians 1:6)
- 水戸藩藩主第2代徳川光圀が彰考館において大日本史の編纂を始めて以来、第10代徳川慶篤の孫徳川圀順が1906年(明治39年)に完成させるまで、代々多くの藩士が事業に携わることとなった。
- Since the time the second lord of the Mito Domain Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA started compilation of Dainihonshi (Great history of Japan) in Shoko-kan (a place for compilation of history books) until when Kuniyuki TOKUGAWA, the grandson of the tenth lord Yoshiatsu TOKUGAWA, completed it in 1906, many feudal retainers of the domain were engaged in this project for generations.
- 良源は、第18代天台座主(てんだいざす、天台宗の最高の位)であり、実在の人物であるが、中世以来、独特の信仰を集め、21世紀に至るまで「厄除け大師」などとして、民間の信仰を集めている。
- Although Ryogen was the 18th Tendai-zasu (the supreme position in the Tendai Sect) and a real-life person, he has been the target of folk belief since the medieval period and even in the 21st century, he is worshipped as 'Yakuyoke Daishi' (Calamity Dispelling Master).
- 源満仲以来の本拠地である多田に隣接する能勢地方は古くから源氏一族とも関係の深い土地であったと考えられ、能勢氏や地元の伝承などによると源頼光の長子・源頼国が最初に入部し開発したとされる。
- Lying next to Tada, which was the home to the Minamoto clan since the time of MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka, the Nose region is considered to have been closely related to the Minamoto clan and according to the local and the Nose clan's tradition, MINAMOTO no Yorikuni, the eldest son of MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu, first entered this place and exploited it
- 以来、覚如の子孫が継承した本願寺は教団の形成を進め、室町時代の第5代綽如のとき北陸地方へと進出、第7代存如の時代までに加賀国、能登国、越前国、近江国などで本願寺教団が形成されていった。
- Thereafter, Hongan-ji Temple, inherited by the descendants of Kakunyo, proceeded to the formation of the Honganji Buddhist sect, the influence of which expanded to the Hokuriku region via the fifth generation (Shakunyo) and the seventh generation (Zonnyo); the Honganji Buddhist sect was formed in Kaga-no-kuni, Noto-no-kuni, Echizen-no-kuni, Omi-no-kuni, and so on.
- 従って、残りは内親王となるが、平安時代の妃は結果的には成功しなかったものの、古代以来皇位継承の優先権があるとされた皇族を母とする親王による皇位の直系継承を目指したものと考えられている。
- Consequently, the remaining possibility was Imperial Princess, although the title of Hi in the Heian period got lower, the advantage for an Imperial Prince whose mother was from Imperial family having prior right to succession to the Imperial throne since ancient time was valued for aiming at family succession to the throne.
- 一方三条実美ら長州過激派の公家は文久3年8月18日の政変以来、京から追放されたままであり、岩倉ら少数の倒幕派公家は家柄が低かったため影響力はあっても朝廷内の主導権を握れてはいなかった。
- Meanwhile, court nobles belonging to the radical party for Choshu including Sanetomi SANJO had been expelled from Kyoto after a coup on September 30, 1863, and few court nobles of tobakuha such as Iwakura had not been able to hold initiative in the Imperial Court due to their humble family lineage, although they were influential.
- 以来、塚が結界としての意味を持つようになっていき、猿田彦を騙し、ニニギノミコトの道案内をさせ、後に夫婦となったアメノウズメの神話から「衢神」(ちかたのかみ)という「道の神」がうまれた。
- Mounds subsequently began to have a significance as the barrier; based on the mythology of Amenouzume in which she beguiled Sarutahiko, who later became her husband, into acting as a guide for Ninigi-no-mikoto, the god of the road 'Chikata no kami' appeared.
- さらに秀吉の陰陽師大量弾圧を見るに至って陰陽寮は陰陽頭以下が実質的に欠職となり陰陽師も政権中央において不稼動状態となると、平安朝以来の宮廷陰陽道は一旦完全にその実態を失うこととなった。
- After a massive crack down on onmyoji by Hideyoshi, the post of Onmyo no kami and its subordinate positions in Onmyoryo became vacant and when onmyoji had no work at the center of the government, the court Onmyodo lost its significance for a period of time.
- 北条泰時以来、執権・得宗体制を支えてきた北条庶流との利害の対立も先鋭化し、その対立の行き着いた先が『吾妻鏡』編纂年の下限とされる1304年の翌年に起こった嘉元の乱であるという見方もある。
- A conflict with the collateral line of the Hojo family, who had supported the system of regent and the Tokuso administration since the reign of Yasutoki HOJO, heated up, and it caused the Kagen Disturbance to occur in the next year of 1304, which was considered the possible last year of Azuma Kagami's compilation.
- 平安期、小野崎氏宗家の小野崎通盛・小野崎通長が佐竹氏に臣従して以来、小野崎氏は佐竹氏の譜代家臣として遇されてきたが、小野崎氏が佐竹氏の重臣としての地位を確立した戦いが「佐竹の乱」である。
- During the Heian period, although the Onosaki clan was treated as the hereditary vassal of Satake clan since Michimori ONOSAKI and Michinaga ONOSAKI who were the head family of Onosaki clan had been serving the Satake clan, Onosaki clan established the position as a senior vassal of Satake clan in the 'Battle of Satake'.
- 各藩とも藩政改革を推進してその打開を図ったが黒船来航以来の政治的緊張によって多額の財政出費を余儀なくされて、廃藩置県を前に自ら領土の返上を申し出る藩主(藩知事)さえ出てくる状況であった。
- Domains tried to improve the situation by implementing restructuring domain politics, but this required vast expenditures due to the political strain in the wake of the arrival of the Black Ships and some domain lords (hanchiji) wanted to return their territory before haihan-chiken was implemented.
- 葉より先に花が咲き開花が華やかであることや、若木から花を咲かす特性が好まれ、明治以来徐々に広まり、更に第二次世界大戦後荒廃した国土に爆発的な勢いで植樹され、日本で最も一般的な桜となった。
- Given the characteristics in which its flowers bloom before the leaves mature and the blooms are showy and therefore loved by people, it spread gradually from the Meiji period on, and after further being planted at a terrific pace on the devastated lands of the country after World War II, it came to be the most popular cherry tree in Japan.
- また、同じく雑誌記事索引もNDL-OPACを通じてインターネット検索が可能とされ、現在では国立国会図書館開館以来50年以上にわたって蓄積された雑誌記事索引のデータベースが公開されている。
- The Japanese Periodicals Index also became available for searching on the Internet via the NDL-OPAC, and a database of the Index, which has been accumulated for more than 50 years since the opening of the NDL, is now available for a public use.
- 仏祖ゴータマ・シッダールタ(釈迦、仏陀)が不立文字・教外別伝の正法としてマハーカーシャパ(十大弟子)に仏法伝授の使命を授け、以来受け継がれて28代目のボーディダルマ(菩提達磨)に至った。
- Since Gotama Siddhattha (Shakyamuni, Buddha), the founder of Buddhism, gave the missionary work of Buddhism to Mahakasyapa (Judai deshi (The Ten Chief Disciples of the historical Buddha, Shakyamuni)) as the Right Dharma of furyumonji and the transmission of spiritual awakening without words or characters, it has been succeeded up until the 28h Bodhidharma (Bodai Daruma).
- 日本では古く奈良時代・平安時代に、当代の生母というだけで皇太后若しくは皇太夫人の尊号を奉られることもあったが、江戸時代初期以来その例はなく、先代の嫡妻をもって太后とするのが慣例になった。
- In Japan, even though in the Nara and Heian periods, there were cases where an honorary title of Kotaigo or Kotaifujin (title for previous retired emperors' wife) were dedicated only because the person was the real mother of the Emperor of the time, there is no such example since the early stage of Edo period and it has become a practice that the lawful wife of the former Emperor is named the Taigo.
- 1993年以来、ぼくはペンシルバニア州ウェストチェスターにある、Chester County InterLink (CCIL) という小さなフリーアクセス ISP の技術面を担当してた
- Since 1993 I'd been running the technical side of a small free-access Internet service provider called Chester County InterLink (CCIL) in West Chester, Pennsylvania.
- バブル崩壊後、外国資本が急速に日本経済界を席捲するなかで、江戸時代以来の酒屋の暖簾(のれん)、すなわち今日でいう資本系列の垣根を越えて、合併による生き残りが模索されている最中といってよい。
- After the bubble busted, foreign capital invaded rapidly into the Japanese economic world, and in this trend, they have now been groping for how to survive through M&A, beyond the goodwill of sakaya retained since the Edo period, or beyond the barrier of the capital-based relationships.
- 寛保2年(1742年)7月に老中松平乗邑が、大目付・目付・表右筆組頭に対して江戸幕府創設以来の御触書の書抜の評定所御定書御用掛(公事方御定書の編纂実務機関)への提出を求めたことに由来する。
- It originated from the fact, in August 1742, Norisato MATSUDAIRA ordered Ometsuke (chief inspector of the Tokugawa shogunate), Metsuke (inspector of foot soldiers), and Omote-yuhitsu kumigashira (chief of the external secretariat) to submit excerpts of ofuregaki (laws and regulations) since the foundation of the Edo bakufu to Hyojosho Osadamegaki Goyogakari (the office actually editing Kujigata-osadamegaki [the law of Edo bakufu]).
- また治承3年(1179年)正月には高倉天皇の朝勤行幸の御遊に伺候し、初めて筝の役を務めて以来、建久5年には楽所別当にも補され、種々の和歌会御遊などでも筝や琵琶の役を担当したことが知られる。
- In 1179, he first played so (a zheng) in New Year's days at Emperor Takakura's Chokin gyoko (Emperor's visit to the parent palace), and then he was appointed as Chief of Musical Department in 1194, serving as so and biwa (a Japanese lute) player at the various waka poetry gatherings.
- 従二位は公卿の位階としても高位であり、武士の間では鎌倉時代から室町時代にかけては、北条政子以来、将軍の正室である御台所に与えられることはあっても、将軍の一門ですら叙せられることはなかった。
- Junii was such a high rank for court nobles that members of the Shogun family had not received it even among samurai during the Kamakura period through to the Muromachi period, except for the midaidokoro, the legal wife of the Shogun, being granted the rank the first since Masako HOJO
- 当時完全なシステムを構成するのに十分なだけの フリーソフトウェア が入手可能だったのは、 GNU プロジェクトが 1984 年以来そうした完全なシステムを作るべく作業してきたからでした。
- The available free software added up to a complete system because the GNU Project had been working since 1984 to make one.
- 然ルニ最早大使御帰朝以来既ニ数月ヲ閲シ候得共、何等ノ御施設モ拝承不仕、昨今民心洶々上下相疑、動スレバ土崩瓦解ノ兆無之トモ難申勢ニ立至候義、畢竟天下輿論公議ノ壅塞スル故卜実以残念ノ至ニ奉存候。
- However, although it has been a few months since the group returned home, we have not yet seen anything done about setting up such a place, and people and government are having doubts about each other these days; if anything happens, society shall collapse like mud, it means that the people's opinions are neglected and we feel much sorrow over this.
- 廃藩置県は平安時代後期以来続いてきた特定の領主がその領地・所領を支配するという土地支配のあり方を根本的に否定・変革するものであり、「明治維新における最大の改革」であったと言えるものであった。
- Haihan-chiken fundamentally denied/changed the traditional way of ruling land, under which a specific lord ruled his territory, that had existed since the late Heian period, and was said to be 'the biggest reform implemented in the Meiji Restoration'.
- 諸外国では19世紀以来、同様の法律が制定され改正を重ねており、また1919年に採択された国際労働機関第1号条約では1日8時間・週48時間労働を定めるなど、労働条件・労働時間規制が進んでいた。
- As foreign countries had revised similar acts repeatedly since 19th century, the first International Labour Conventions adopted in 1919 provided 8-hour workday or 48-hour workweek to promote the standard of work conditions and work hours.
- しかし史実を踏まえた架空の登場人物の設定は極めて複雑かつ矛盾に満ちたものになっており、そのため初演以来これが通しで演じられることは稀で、通常は二段目返しの「南禅寺山門の場」のみが上演される。
- However, because of the complicated setting including the background of those characters and of many contradictions, it has been rarely fully performed since after the opening, and at present, usually only the second act's kaeshi 'Nanzen-ji Sanmon-no-ba' is performed.
- 小堀遠州流を伝える分家は遠州が家督を継ぐ時に弟小堀正行に分知したのが始まりで、6代政郷までは遠州傍系であったが、7代政報・8代政展は本家から迎えた養子であり、以来血脈としては遠州直系となる。
- The branch of the family that passed on the Kobori Enshu school of tea ceremony originated with Enshu's younger brother Masayuki KOBORI when Masayuki succeeded to the family estate, and while the generations up to the sixth master, Masasato KOBORI, were a collateral line of descent, the seventh master, Masatsugu KOBORI, and the eighth master, Masayasu KOBORI, were adopted from the original family; thereafter, the line of descent has continued directly from Enshu.
- 猪瀬直樹の『天皇の影法師』で紹介されて以来、歴代天皇の棺を担ぐ者として有名になったが、実際には後醍醐天皇以降の全ての天皇の棺を担いだわけではなく、特に近世においては長く断絶した期間もあった。
- Since the Yasedoji were introduced in the book titled, 'Tenno no Kageboshi' (A Silhouette of the Emperor) written by Naoki INOSE, they have been well known for carrying coffins of successive Emperors; however, they did not carry all the Emperor's coffins from Emperor Godaigo onward in fact, and especially in the early-modern times, they discontinued their service for a long time.
- 12月2日_(旧暦)には四宮の親王宣下が行われて「朝仁親王」の名が与えられ、翌3年(1683年)2月9日_(旧暦)には中世以来断絶していた立太子式が行われて朝仁親王が正式に皇太子に立てられた。
- On December 30, an imperial proclamation to nominate Shinomiya was issued, renaming him Imperial Prince Asahito, who was officially invested in crown princedom in the ceremony of investiture of the Crown Prince next year, on March 7, 1683, the first such rite after a long interval since the (Japanese) Medieval Age.
- 後嵯峨院政以来整備されてきた朝廷の訴訟処理機構で伝奏や奉行などの役職に就き実務を担う家柄(名家の家柄)を確立させてきた貴族たちは、すでにいずれかの皇統に組織されてそれぞれ主従関係を結んでいた。
- The aristocrats that have established the lineage (lineage of reputable families) of who becomes Tenso, Bugyo, and other practical positions in the court management system of the Imperial Court that had been worked on since the cloistered government of Gosaga, had already tied master-subordinate relationships with one of the Imperial lines.
- 淳和天皇の皇后正子内親王の立后以来約100年、その間6代の天皇はいずれも皇后を立てることがなかったが、延喜23年(923年)、醍醐天皇は女御藤原穏子を皇后に冊立し、久しぶりに皇后を復活させた。
- Six generations of emperors did not put up empresses for about 100 years after the investiture of the Empress to Imperial Princess Masako, empress of Emperor Junna, but Emperor Daigo put up nyogo (a high-ranking lady in the court [a consort of an emperor]) FUJIWARA no Onshi as empress to revive the empress after a long time.
- 千九百七十二年九月二十九日に北京で日本国政府及び中華人民共和国政府が共同声明を発出して以来、両国政府及び両国民の間の友好関係が新しい基礎の上に大きな発展を遂げていることを満足の意をもつて回顧し、
- Recalling with satisfaction that since the Government of Japan and the Government of the People's Republic of China issued a Joint Communique in Peking on September 29, 1972, the friendly relations between the two Governments and the peoples of the two countries have developed greatly on a new basis.
- 「天下の台所」と呼ばれた経済都市の大阪は健在であったが、江戸期以来参勤交代で富裕層の集住に成功して大消費地となった江戸が、東京となって中央集権体制を確立し、税と外貿で富を更に集めるようになった。
- As Osaka, an economic city called the 'kitchen of Japan,' was in good health, Edo succeeded in attracting many wealthy people by Sankinkotai system (a daimyo's alternate-year residence in Edo) and became a major consumer area in Edo period, and after changing its name to Tokyo, established a centralized administrative framework, and came to collect more wealth by taxes and foreign trade.
- 瓜生山は南北朝時代 (日本)の延文6年/正平 (日本)(1361年)以来、勝軍地蔵堂が設置(江戸時代の宝暦12年(1762年)に麓の現在地(北白川瓜生山町)に移転)されて信仰の対象とされていた。
- Uryu-yama Mountain has been worshiped since 1361 in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, when Shogunzizo-do Hall was built, and the hall was moved to the present site (Uryuzan-cho, Kitashirakawa) in 1762 in the Edo period.
- 『愚管抄』の内容は性格の異なる三部分から成り立っており:巻1から巻2までは神武天皇以来の天皇年代記、巻3から巻6までは道理の推移を中心とする歴史述叙、そして巻7は道理についての総括となっている。
- 'Gukansho' consists of three parts, each of which has a different character: volumes 1 and 2 chronicle the emperors since Jinmu, volumes 3 to 6 center on the transition of Dori together with the descriptions of history, and volume 7 is a general overview on Dori.
- 平安時代まで出家した親王は、入道親王、法師親王、禅師親王と呼称していたが、白河天皇の皇子が 出家後に親王宣下を受けたことで、覚行法親王と呼ばれて以来、出家後に親王になった皇族の称として定着した。
- Until the Heian period, the Shinno who became a priest was called Nudo Shinno, Hoshi Shinno, and Zenji Shinno, but since the Prince of Emperor Shirakawa was given an order to become Shinno by the emperor after becoming a priest and came to be called Kakugyo Hosshinno, the title took hold as a title for imperial family members who became Shinno after becoming a priest.
- 1951年9月に日本国との平和条約(サンフランシスコ講和条約)が成立し、正式に日本が独立国に復帰した際以来、日本放送協会のラジオ放送で連日放送終了後にオーケストラによる『君が代』の演奏が始まった。
- Since the Peace Treaty with Japan (Peace Treaty signed in San Francisco) was concluded in September 1951 and Japan came back officially as an independent country, 'Kimigayo' was performed by an orchestra every day at the end of radio broadcasting by Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK).
- 気候変動枠組条約の発効以来、毎年開かれている気候変動枠組条約締約国会議(COP) (COP) の第3回目の会合であり、通称、京都会議、地球温暖化防止京都会議、COP3(コップスリー)とも呼ばれる。
- It was the third session of the Conference of Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP) which had been held each year since the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change came into effect, and is also commonly referred to as the Kyoto Conference, the Kyoto Conference to stop global warming, and the COP3.
- これにより、長く絶えていた、開山聖宝(醍醐寺根本僧正・理源大師)開壇以来の伝燈「恵印灌頂」が復活(明治43年秋 1910)されたのであったが、それ以降もこの法を修するものは殆ど出なかったとされる。
- Given the above, although the inheritance of the light of Buddhism was stopped for a long time since the founder, 聖宝 (根本僧正 of Daigo-ji Temple, Rigen Daishi), 'Esoteric practices' was restored in 1910, but it is said that few people have wanted to learn this teaching since then.
- 皇族の子孫は数代経た後に皇籍から離脱するのが律令以来の通例であったが、中世以後、伏見宮や閑院宮の様に皇統維持のために、何代経ても親王位につくことのできる家系(世襲親王家)を創出していったのである。
- Although there was a custom for the descants of the Imperial Family to make demotion from nobility to subject from the government based on the ritsuryo legal codes, after the Medieval Period, the Imperial Family line (the hereditary Imperial Family) was established, such as Fushiminomiya and Kaninnomiya for the Imperial succession, in order for them to succeed to the throne after many generations.
- 若年で即位して以来、大政奉還、王政復古と戊辰戦争、明治維新、日清戦争、日露戦争など、激動の幕末から明治時代を経験し、明治新政府、近代国家日本の指導者、象徴として、絶対君主として国民から畏敬された。
- He succeeded to the throne when he was young, then he experienced Taiseihokan (the return of political power to the Emperor by the Tokugawa Shogunate), Oseifukko (the restoration of Imperial rule), the Boshin War, the Meiji Restoration, the Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War, difficult times from the last days of the bakufu era through to the Meiji period, and he was respected by the nation as the leader of the modern Japanese nation and a symbol, as a sovereign.
- 日月神示はその登場以来、関係者や一部専門家を除きほとんど知られていなかったが、1990年代の初め頃より神典研究家で翻訳家の中矢伸一の著作等により広く一般にも知られるようになって来たと言われている。
- Since the appearance, almost no one knew about Hitsuki Shinji except the people concerned and some experts, but since around the early 1990's it has come to be known commonly due to the books written by Shinichi NAKAYA, a Shintoist and translator.
- そして、彼のところに寄り集まってきた時、彼らに言った。「わたしが、アジヤの地に足を踏み入れた最初の日以来、いつもあなたがたとどんなふうに過ごしてきたか、よくご存じである。 (使徒行伝 20:18)
- When they had come to him, he said to them, 'You yourselves know, from the first day that I set foot in Asia, how I was with you all the time, (Acts 20:18)
- 一説によれば、当時、東北地方の強姦事件の公判で、被害者の調書に被害者本人の署名がないという理由で無罪になることが立て続けにあり、それ以来、仙台の弁護士は調書の署名を注意してみるようになったともいう。
- Some researchers say lawyers in Sendai City came to keep their eyes peeled for signatures in the documents, since there were many cases in Tohoku region where rapists received sentence of acquittal owing to the fact that there were no autographs of rape victims in the paper.
- 後者を特に『続三代実録』と呼称されている事から、伴信友以来、宇多・醍醐の2代が書かれたのが40巻で残りの10巻で朱雀天皇1代が追加されたために『続三代実録』と呼ばれたとする考え方が通説とされている。
- As the latter especially is called 'Zoku sandai jitsuroku,' the commonly accepted theory holds that it was called so ever since Nobutomo BAN, because after the 40 volumes written about the reigns of the two Emperors Uda and Daigo, 10 volumes were added on the reign of Emperor Suzaku.
- ちなみに、北条時宗の反対で出される事はなかったものの、朝廷がクビライに出そうとした返書は「日本は天照大神以来の神国であって、外国に臣従する謂れはない」とするかなり過激な内容だったとも伝えられている。
- Meanwhile, the reply that the Japanese Imperial Court intended to give, though it was not given because Tokimune HOJO opposed to it, is said to have contained rather aggressive phrases, saying 'Japan is a country protected by the gods, originating from Amaterasu Omikami (the Sun Goddess), and thus there is no reason to obey a foreign country.'
- 天皇空位は称徳天皇から光仁天皇に至る神護景雲4年(780年)の57日間以来462年ぶりで、以後は称光天皇から後花園天皇に至る正長元年(1428年)の7日間まで186年間起こらなかった(北朝を除く)。
- The interregnum period occurred for the first time in four hundred and sixty two years, the last recorded interregnum period was fifty seven days from the era between Emperor Shotoku and Emperor Konin in 708, after that it did not occur again for a hundred eighty six years until 1428 when there was another interregnum period for seven days between the era of Emperor Shoko and Emperor Gohanazono. (Excluding Northern Court)
- ところが本居宣長など国学や神道を研究する人々は漢学(からまなび)こそ古来日本以来の精神を毒しているとこれを排する動きが強まり、「皇漢学」という呼び名も次第に廃れて国学と漢学は分離されるようになった。
- However, there was a strong movement to reject kangaku, as those who studied kokugaku (the study of Japanese classical literature) and Shinto such as Norinaga MOTOORI claimed that it was kangaku which was corrupting the Japanese spirit, which had been cultivated since ancient times, and the name 'kokugaku' fell into disuse and became separated from kangaku.
- 法華寺は叡尊の時代以来、真言律宗における門跡寺院としての寺格を保っていたが、平成11年(1999年)、創建当時のように独立した寺に戻ることとなり、光明皇后にちなんで「光明宗」と名づけ離脱・独立した。
- Since the era of Eison, Hokke-ji temple had maintained its status as a monzeki temple of Shingon Risshu sect, but in 1999, it decided to return to an independent temple as it was at the time of foundation, and named itself 'Komyo sect' after Empress Komyo to secede and separate.
- すると、いなずまと、もろもろの声と、雷鳴とが起り、また激しい地震があった。それは人間が地上にあらわれて以来、かつてなかったようなもので、それほどに激しい地震であった。 (ヨハネの黙示録 16:18)
- There were lightnings, sounds, and thunders; and there was a great earthquake, such as was not since there were men on the earth, so great an earthquake, so mighty. (Revelation 16:18)
- フランスの科学者ルイ・パスツールが、発酵がどんなふうに生じるのか説明し、こうして甲虫が畜糞から自然発生するとか、回虫が超自然的に非生物が発生するといった何世紀も続いた物語を終らせて以来ずっとなんだ。
- ever since the French scientist Louis Pasteur demonstrated how fermentation took place and thus laid to rest centuries of stories about beetles arising spontaneously out of dung or gut worms being miraculously produced from non-living material.
- これは、大化以来の官位を改め、大氏(おおうじ)、小氏(こうじ)、伴造氏(とものみやつこうじ)を定め、それぞれの氏上(うじのかみ)と、それに属する氏人(うじびと)の範囲を明確にしようとするものであった。
- This edict tried to revise the official rank existed since the Taika Reforms in that it tried to establish Ouji clan, Kouji clan, and Tomo no Miyatsuko clan and to clarify the clan head of each clan and the extent of clan members belonging to each clan.
- また、17世紀後半期には愛宕山北側と春日神社との間を河川が東流し、『延岡城下図屏風』にも描かれ、おそらくは弥生・古墳時代以来の天然の良港(舟溜り)となっていたち考えられる「方財入り江」に流入している。
- Also, in the latter half of the 17th century, a river ran eastwards between the north side of Mt. Atago and Kasuga-jinja Shrine, and this is also drawn in 'Nobeoka Jokazu Byobu' (Folding Screen of Nobeoka-jo Castle Map) and it may have flowed into 'the Hozai Inlet' which has been a natural port since the Yayoi and Kofun periods.
- 神沢貞幹の『翁草』によると生まれが元旦でそのとき火事があり且つ実績も立派という共通点から聖徳太子の再来といわれ、歴史家としても知られた公家の柳原紀光も「延喜・天暦の治以来の聖代である」と評したという。
- According to 'Okina gusa,' by Teikan KANZAWA, the Emperor was called the return of Shotoku Taishi (Prince Shotoku), since they had similarities such as a New Year's birthday and there was a fire on the day of birth, or that they both achieved a lot in politics; moreover, the famous historian and court noble, Motomitsu YANAGIHARA, referred to the Emperor as 'the first Saint Emperor since the peaceful era of Engi and Tenryaku.'
- 同社の「クラシックパンツ」の年間製造枚数は販売以来ほぼ一定の生産枚数を保っていることから、年月を経ても一定の需要があることは、買い換え層以外にも新たな「褌」愛好家が生まれている証左であると推測される。
- Because the annual manufacturing number of 'Classic Pants' of the said company has held a constant production since the start of sales, that there has been a constant demand for many years can be supposed to be the evidence that new 'fundoshi' fanciers have been produced as well as the group of purchasers for replacement.
- そういうわけで、これらの事を耳にして以来、わたしたちも絶えずあなたがたのために祈り求めているのは、あなたがたがあらゆる霊的な知恵と理解力とをもって、神の御旨を深く知り、 (コロサイ人への手紙 1:9)
- For this cause, we also, since the day we heard this, don't cease praying and making requests for you, that you may be filled with the knowledge of his will in all spiritual wisdom and understanding, (Colossians 1:9)
- 嘉禄元年(1225年)、鎌倉幕府に評定衆が設置されて以来、重要な政務は評定によって決定されたが、13世紀後期に年始の行事の一環として毎年1月中旬の1日に執権・連署以下を召集して評定始を行うようになった。
- Important policies had been decided by the council since 1225 when the hyojoshu was set up in the Kamakura bakufu, and in the late thirteenth century, hyojohajime began as a New Year ceremony convened with a regent, rensho (assistant to regents), and other subordinates on a day of mid-January every year.
- つまり、足利幕府以来最も長く礼法を伝える家系は現代には続いておらず、縫殿助家と共に徳川幕府の師範家となっていた旗本小笠原平兵衛家(もと赤沢氏)が現在では小笠原流(弓馬術礼法小笠原教場)宗家となっている。
- That is to say, the family line which had handed down the techniques longest since the Ashikaga shogunate didn't last and OGASAWARA Heibei family (former Akazawa clan) of direct retainers which was Nuidono no suke family as well as lecturer family of the Tokugawa shogunate, is the present head family of the Ogasawara school (Ogasawara Kyojo [Ogasawara training hall] of Japanese horse-back archery technique).
- このように明朝に於いて確立した朱子学の権威は、明朝統治下のほぼ全域に亘り巨大な力を持つにいたったのだが、明朝政権下の中でも最も商業の発達していた江南には、明初期以来、朱子学と微妙な距離を置く人々がいた。
- Under the Ming Dynasty, in which it was first established, Shushigaku's influence became very strong in most regions, although in Jian Nang, the dynasty's most commercialized area, some people had kept a slight distance between themselves and Shushigaku since the early Ming period.
- 儒(じゅ)の起源については胡適が論文「説儒」(1924年)で「殷の遺民で礼を教える士」として以来、様々な説がなされてきたが、近年は冠婚葬祭、特に葬儀を専門とした集団であったとするのが一般化してきている。
- There have been various theories on the origin of Ju since Koseki (Hu Shih) wrote in his research paper 'The Explanation of Thought of Confucianists' (1924), that they were 'men of the people remaining from Yin who taught courtesy,' but in recent years, it has generally been believed that they were a group who specialized in ceremonial occasions, especially, funeral ceremonies.
- 1889年(明治22年)に定められた旧皇室典範には「皇統譜…ハ図書寮ニ於テ尚藏ス」(34条)と規定されるのみで、その詳細は明治初年以来宮中で行われていた皇室系図の取調べにおける内規により運用されていた。
- In the Former Imperial Household Law established in 1889, there was only a regulation that 'Kotofu... is to be stored in Zushoryo (the Bureau of Drawings and Books)' (Article 34), and details were carried according to bylaw of the investigation of Imperial Family's genealogy which had been done in the Imperial court since the first year of Meiji period.
- このうち、巫女が布教の行脚中において舞を披露していく中で、次第に芸能を主としていく遊女へと転化していき、そのうちに遊女が巫以来の伝統の影響を受けて男装し、男舞に長けた者を一般に白拍子とも言うようになった。
- Afterwards, shrine maidens traveled on foot to propagate religion and performed the dance, then it changed gradually to the performing arts of prostitutes who were influenced by the tradition of a shrine maiden disguising as a man, who excelled in dancing like a man were generally called shirabyoshi.
- 結髪が習慣化して以来、成人女性は自分で髪を結うのが嗜みだったのだが、髪型が複雑化した明和年間ごろにはもはや結髪の素人には手に負えず、また、後ろ髪を大きく突き出すような自分では結うのが難しい髪型が氾濫した。
- Since keppatsu (hairdressing) became common practice, it was accomplishment for an adult woman to fix her hairdo by herself, but around the Meiwa era, when the hairstyle became complicated, nonprofessional women could not handle the hairdo anymore, and the hairstyle with back hair widely projected, which was difficult to fix single-handedly, became popular.
- 茂山家は江戸時代以来京都で狂言師として活動してきた家であったが、大蔵流の名門としての地位が確固たるものになったのは、江戸後期に9世茂山千五郎正虎(初世千作。1810年生~1886年没)が登場して以降である。
- Although the Shigeyama family had worked as Kyogen performers in Kyoto since the early years of the Edo period, they only succeeded in firmly establishing themselves as a famous Okura-ryu school Kyogen family after Masatora, the 9th Sengoro SHIGEYAMA (the 1st Sensaku, born in 1810 and died in 1886), began performing in the late Edo period.
- 神祇省(じんぎしょう)とは、明治4年8月8日 (旧暦)(1871年9月22日)-明治5年3月14日 (旧暦)(1872年4月21日)に神祇の祭祀と行政を掌る機関として律令制以来の神祇官に代わって設置された。
- Jingisho (the Ministry of Divinities) was a government organization which replaced the old jingikan (Department of Divinities) that had existed since the first days of the ritsuryo system, as the agency ruling the religious services and public administration of jingi (Divinities); it was established on September 22, 1871 and lasted until April 21, 1872.
- 千五郎家では正重以来長らく男子が生まれなかったが、真一は子供に恵まれ、茂山千作_(4世)(しめ。12世千五郎、4世千作。1919年生)と茂山千之丞(2世千之丞。1923年生)の兄弟が千五郎家の芸を受け継いだ。
- Though no boy had been born into the Sengoro family for a long time since Masashige, Masakazu was blessed with children and his two sons, Sensaku SHIGEYAMA (the 4th) (Shime, the 12th Sengoro, the 4th Sensaku, born in 1919) and Sennojo SHIGEYAMA (the 2nd Sennojo, born in 1923), carried on the art of the Sengoro family.
- これは裏を返せば後見人である蓮淳自身の権力拡大が目的であったが、形式上は「法主を頂点とした権力機構の確立」という実如以来の方針に忠実に従ったものであったから、この大義名分を前に異論を挿める者は存在しなかった。
- This actually aimed to expand the guardian Renjun's authority, but formally he was following the policy that had been kept since Jitsunyo, 'the establishment of the power structure with hoshu at the top,' and for this legitimate reason, no one could raise an objection against him.
- 1925年(大正14年)の牧野の独立以来、牧野に代わって東亜キネマ等持院撮影所長をつとめた小笹正人が、同社の親会社であり小笹の出身会社である八千代生命の撤退を期に、1929年(昭和4年)3月に同社を退社した。
- Masato Ozasa, who had served as the head of Toa Kinema Tojiin Studio after Makino left the company in 1925, resigned in March 1929 when Yachiyo Insurance, the parent company from which he had been dispatched, withdrew from the film business.
- しかし、866年に藤原良房が皇族以外として初めて摂政をとって以来、幼少の天皇には摂政が、成人後の天皇には関白が置かれ、以降は天皇の外戚となった藤原氏(藤原北家)の者が摂政・関白に就く例が生まれるようになった。
- However, since FUJIWARA no Yoshifusa became the first outside of the imperial family to be regent in 866, a regent was appointed for an infant emperor, and a Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) once he was an adult, after which many members of the emperor's extended family in the Fujiwara clan (the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan) became regent and Kanpaku.
- 2- 1988年アルジェのパレスチナ国民評議会[マドリッドで始まり、アラブや国際的なレベルで継続されている]で我々がPLOの政治綱領を採択して以来、我が民族は平和への道に導かれた戦略的な選択を行なっています。
- 2- The road to peace represents to our people a strategic choice, since we have adopted the political programme of the PLO at the Palestine National Council session in Algiers in 1988.[We started in Madrid and continued on the Arab and international levels].
- 文化および工業都市・京は平安京以来の都であり、応仁の乱によって大打撃を受けたものの、依然として朝廷や仏教の有力宗派のうちのいくつかの本山などが設置され、学術・芸術・宗教の面では当時の日本を代表する都市であった。
- Kyoto, currently known as the cultural and industrial center, had been the national capital since the period of Heian-kyo with the Imperial Court and the headquarters of a numerous leading Buddhist sects, despite the serious setbacks suffered in the Onin War, and it was the city representing Japan as the center of the academic activities, arts and religion at that time,
- こちらにも野洲郡のものと似た伝承があり、寺に灯油を届ける役目を持つ僧侶が、遊ぶ金欲しさに灯油を盗んで金を作ったが、遊びに行く前に急病で命を落としてしまい、それ以来、寺の山門に霊となって現れるようになったという。
- It has a folk tale similar to the one in Yasu district; a Buddhist monk, who had had the duty of delivering lamp oil to the temple, stole the oil and made money for his love of having a good time, however, a sudden attack of illness took his life before he went out to have fun, and since then his ghost would appear at the temple gate.
- 徳川家康以来、江戸幕府歴代将軍が鷹狩を愛好した事からこうした役職はその時々に応じてあったと考えられているが、若年寄の下に10人が鳥見に任じられて正式な役職として成立したのは寛永20年(1643年)のことである。
- Although the post is believed to have been created because falconry was the favorite sport of shoguns since Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, it did not become an official position until 1643 when 10 torimis were appointed under the wakadoshiyori.
- 律令法において、天皇の地位、権能について規定がないのも、それが国家的祭祀の執行など大化前代以来の宗教的機能をもっていたことと、専制君主的性格をもったことの結果であって、法を超越した存在と考えられていたからである。
- The position and authority of Emperors were not defined in the ritsuryo law, due to their religious functions, such as; their performing of national religious services since the pre-Taika era, and as a result of their despotic nature, this made them above the law.
- また、頼朝以来の先例・武家社会の道理を盾にして律令法・公家法と異なる規定、時にはこれと反する規定を積極的・かつ自立的に制定している点を評価して、御成敗式目を幕府法の独立を宣言したものとする解釈が通説となっている。
- Also, it is a generally accepted view that Goseibai-shikimoku is a declaration of independence of bakufu law as it is recognized that Goseibai-shikimoku, backed by the precedents since the time of Yoritomo and the morals of samurai society, actively and independently established provisions which were different from or sometimes went against the ritsuryo law or the kugeho.
- 江華島事件以来、当時の朝鮮は、朝鮮は清朝の冊封国(または冊封国)としての朝鮮のままであるべきであるという「守旧派」(事大党ともいう)と、現状を憂い朝鮮の近代化を目指す「開化派」(独立党ともいう)とに分かれていた。
- In Korea at the time, the government had been divided between two factions even since the Ganghwa Island incident: the 'Conservative Party' (also known as the Sadaedang, or 'Serve the Great' Party) which advocated that Korea should remain a vassal state of Qing China and 'the Gaehwadang' (Progressive Party, also called the Independence Party) that was anxious about the current situation and hoped to modernize Korea.
- なお、かつて伊藤真乗が再興した、一住坊常宝院は、戦時下、先代住職の後継が出征し戦死したため後住なく、戦後まもなく廃寺となり、中世以来 継がれた法灯は青梅市最古の古刹、塩船観音に吸収された(昭和27年 1952)。
- Incidentally, in 一住坊常宝院, which had once been restored by Shinjo ITO, there was no priest to succeed after the successor to the former chief priest went to war, so that the temple was abolished after the war, 一住坊常宝院, which had been passed down since the medieval period, was absorbed into Shiofune Kannon, the oldest temple in Ome City (1952).
- 秋篠宮家に平成18年(2006年)に悠仁親王が誕生したが、それ以外の宮家については、昭和29年(1954年)の高円宮憲仁親王以来、宮家を継承する、あるいは新たに宮家を創設することができる男性皇族は誕生していない。
- In 2006 Imperial Prince Hisahito was born in the Akishinonomiya family, in other Miyake, there was no male Imperial member born to succeed the family, or to establish new Miyake, except Takamadonomiya Imperial Prince Norihito who was born in 1954.
- 同時期の前年末以来の通算生産本数は、オール・トーキー26本、パート・トーキー2本、サウンド版2本であり、総製作費の千鳥興業のマキノトーキーへの支払額が40万5,000円、マキノトーキーの立替額が45万円であった。
- By that time, the company had produced 26 all-talkie films, two part-talkie films and two sound films, and as for their production cost, Chidori Kogyo had paid 405,000 yen to Makino Talkie and the balance of advance payment made by Makino Talkie was 450,000 yen.
- フランシスコ・ザビエルの日本来航以来、スペインやポルトガルの宣教師の熱心な布教によって、また戦国大名や江戸時代の藩主にもキリスト教を信奉する者が現れたため、キリスト教徒いわゆる切支丹の数は九州を中心に広く拡大した。
- After Francis Xavier came to Japan, the number of Christians increased in Kyushu and other regions due to missionaries from Spain and Portugal ardently propagating Christianity, as well as a number of Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) and feudal lords during the Edo period becoming followers of Christianity.
- 皇籍離脱という着想自体は、GHQにより新たに持ち込まれたものではなく、後述の「皇族ノ降下ニ関スル施行準則」に表現されているように、明治以来、皇族たちに対して一貫して採用されてきた政策の延長上に理解すべきものである。
- The concept of the ceasing to be a Imperial Family member was not brought about by the General Headquarters, as mentioned in ' The reinforcement regulations on ceasing to be a member of the Imperial Family' which was explained later, we must understand the concept as an extended policy towards the Imperial Family, which was applied to them since the Meiji period.
- これは江戸時代以来の商家、明治以後の新興を問わずに行われ、社長の権限の強い三菱財閥では「畏服」、本家と番頭(幹部)のつながりが強い三井財閥では「扈従」、番頭(幹部)が重用される住友財閥では「敬愛」が家風と言われた。
- This was done regardless of whether the family was a shoka (mercantile house) since the Edo period or was a newly-emerging house in the Meiji period or later; it was said that the kafu in the Mitsubishi zaibatsu, in which the president had a strong power, the Mitsui zaibatsu, in which there was a strong relationship between the head family and the general manager (executive officer), and in the Sumitomo zaibatsu, in which the general manager (executive officer) was given an important post, was 'ifuku' (awe), 'kosho' (attendant of a noble person), and 'keiai' (to love and respect), respectively.
- もともとは絵から出て来た娘が踊ると言う趣向の五変化舞踊のひとつだったが、六代目尾上菊五郎が藤の精が娘姿で踊るという内容に変えて舞台演出を一新して以来、そのスタイルが一般的になり、現在では人気の歌舞伎舞踊の一つである。
- Originally, it was a gohengebuyo (five-transformation variety of dance) in which a girl coming out of a picture dances, but since the time of Kikugoro ONOUE the sixth the stage effects were altered to that of a wisteria spirit dancing as a girl, and this style became common and is now a popular Kabuki Buyo (Kabuki Dance).
- 嘉永6年(1853年)のマシュー・ペリー来航以来、幕府政治に発言力を持ち、江戸幕府大老井伊直弼が諸外国と独断で条約を結ぶとこれに不信を示し、一時は攘夷さえ表明したこともあった(文久3年(1863年)3月の攘夷勅命)。
- Since Matthew Perry came to Japan in 1853, the Emperor had an influential voice in politics in the bakufu, he distrusted the incident when a chief minister [councilor] of the Tokugawa shogunate, Naosuke II of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) arbitrarily made agreements with overseas countries, and even once, he expressed the exclusion of foreigners from Japan (the Imperial order of exclusion of foreigners in March (1863)).
- 禅様とは宋代の書風で、中国の禅僧の間に流行した蘇軾、黄庭堅、米フツ、張即之などの書を指し、晋唐の規範や伝統から解放された自由剛健なもので、奈良朝以来行われた線の軟らかい王羲之風のものとは全く趣きを異にするものである。
- Zen style calligraphy, the calligraphic style in Song, indicates the calligraphic works of Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu, and Sokushi CHO that became popular among Zen priests in China, and with free and strong natures freed from codes and traditions in the Jin and Tang eras, the style was totally different from that of Wang Xizhi, employed during the Nara period and later, which used soft lines.
- 琉球王国以来の聖地であり、古代の信仰を現在も残しているといわれる久高島には「男は海人(うみんちゅ)、女は神人(かみんちゅ)」なる常套句が残り、かつて男性は労務に、女性は神職に従事した社会であったことを言い伝えている。
- On Kudaka-jima Island, which has been a sacred place since the Ryukyu Kingdom, and where ancient faiths still remain today, a conventional phrase, 'Men are uminchu, women are kaminchu' continues to be used, passing along a societal tradition where men were laborers and women served as Shinto priests.
- また、当時幕末以来の盟友であった同郷の大木喬任や副島種臣らと路線の違いから疎遠になりつつあった大隈にとって、他に先んじて改革の提言をもたらす改正掛の存在が頼もしい存在であったことを後に証言している(『大隈公昔日譚』)。
- In addition, for Okuma who estranged himself from his old friends since the end of Edo Period such as Takato OKI and Taneomi SOEJIMA because of different way of living their life, the existence of Kaiseigakari, which gave him evolutional proposals about reformation, was very reliable, and he admitted it later ('Okuma memoir').
- 1867年のパリ万国博覧会 (1867年)は日本(江戸幕府・薩摩藩・佐賀藩)が初参加した国際博覧会であったが、このときに日本庭園が制作されて以来、欧米で開催された万博において日本庭園は日本の出展物の目玉の一つであった。
- The Paris World Exposition held in 1867 was the first international exposition where Japanese delegations were dispatched (Tokugawa shogunate, Satsuma clan, and Saga clan), and since a Nihon teien was produced for the first time outside Japan in this expo, Nihon teien has been one of the eye-catchers among the exhibits.
- この河東節は、市川團十郎 (7代目)が成田屋 市川團十郎の専売特許扱いにしてしまったため、以来他家が『助六』を上演するときは成田屋に遠慮して、「出端の唄」は長唄・常磐津・清元などに代えて行うことが決まり事になっている。
- As Danjuro ICHIKAWA VII made the Naritaya Danjuro ICHIKAWA family the proprietor of Katobushi, it has become the rule that when other families put 'Sukeroku' on stage, they substitute Nagauta, Tokiwazu, or Kiyomoto for Katobushi for 'the Deha no Uta' out of consideration for the Naritaya family.
- 生命の誕生以来、生物は数十億年の歴史を経て様々な環境に適応して進化し、今日、地球上には、多様な生物が存在するとともに、これを取り巻く大気、水、土壌等の環境の自然的構成要素との相互作用によって多様な生態系が形成されている。
- Since the creation of life, organisms have evolved adjusting themselves to various environments through a several billion-year history. There are now diversified organisms on the earth, and a diversified ecosystem has been formed through interaction with natural components of the environment surrounding organisms, including air, water, and soil.
- しかしながら、神祇官に常設の神殿が無いことは問題とされ、当面の間の祭祀を行う「仮」神殿の造営が決定され、明治2年(1869年)12月に仮神殿は完成し、中世の廃絶以来白川・吉田両家で奉斎されていた八神殿の霊代が奉献された。
- However, it was considered to be a problem that no permanent shrine was available in Jingikan, so it was decided that a 'temporary' shrine should be constructed to enable religious services to be conducted for a while; the construction of this temporary shrine was completed in December of 1869, and the mitamashiro (an object that was worshiped in place of the spirit of the dead) of the Hasshinden, which had been kept by the Shirakawa and Yoshida families since the Hasshinden was abolished in medieval times, was enshrined there.
- そこで、わたしは、この恵みのわざについて意見を述べよう。それがあなたがたの益になるからである。あなたがたはこの事を、昨年以来、他に先んじて実行したばかりではなく、それを願っていた。 (コリント人への第二の手紙 8:10)
- I give a judgment in this: for this is expedient for you, who were the first to start a year ago, not only to do, but also to be willing. (2 Corinthians 8:10)
- わたしは彼らを戒めて言った、「あなたがたはなぜ城壁の前に宿るのか。もしあなたがたが重ねてそのようなことをするならば、わたしはあなたがたを処罰する」と。そのとき以来、彼らは安息日にはこなかった。 (ネヘミヤ書 13:21)
- Then I testified against them, and said to them, 'Why do you stay around the wall? If you do so again, I will lay hands on you.' From that time on, they didn't come on the Sabbath. (Nehemiah 13:21)
- 鎌倉時代に入ると、従来から存在した王朝(朝廷・公家)の法令(公家法・本所法など)以外にも新たに登場した鎌倉幕府によって、右大将家(源頼朝)以来の判例の蓄積や御成敗式目の成立など、武家固有の法令(武家法)が構築されていった。
- As the Kamakura period began, in addition to the currently existing laws and ordinances of the dynasty (the Imperial court and Court nobles), such as court noble law and honjo law (a law to govern manor in the medieval Japan), the newly established Kamakura bakufu instituted Samurai laws which was unique to samurai families by collecting legal precedents after the inauguration of MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, the udaisho (Major Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards) family, and formulating Goseibai-shikimoku (code of conduct for samurai).
- 藤原山蔭が鯉をさばいて以来の伝統と言われる技法を烏帽子・直垂をまとった姿で再現し、庖丁と真魚箸(まなばし)のみを用いて、鯉・鯛・鰹などの素材に一切手を触れることなくさばいていくもので、各地の神事などで奉納されることがある。
- The technique which is described as a tradition harking back to a time when FUJIWARA no Yamakage cleaned carp is revived by a performer in a lacquered hat and hitatare (samurai's large square-cut coat with cord laced sleeve edges) cutting and trimming such material as carp, sea bream, and bonito without touching the fish by using only a kitchen-knife and manabashi (type of long chopsticks used in the preparation of fish), which is sometimes dedicated on ritual occasions throughout Japan.
- 1965年以来フィレンツェ市は京都市の姉妹都市で、四十周年を記念して始めた「錦市場でフィレンツェ・トスカーナを捜そう」(2005年1月 -)などのイベントを通じ、錦市場がフィレンツェと食文化交流を続けてきた成果の一つである。
- Since 1965, Firenze has had a sister city relationship with Kyoto City, and the event called 'Let's look for Firenze, Toscana at the Nishiki Market' (January, 2005 -) began in order to commemorate the 40th anniversary of their friendship, and was one achievement that the Nishiki Market has produced through their food-based cultural exchange with Firenze.
- 頼義は源氏始祖の源経基以来、父の代まて4代にわたり鎮守府将軍を歴任しており、蝦夷の俘囚長で奥六郡の支配者である安倍氏 (奥州)が国府と対立した際、これを平定するため陸奥守・鎮守府将軍として派遣され、12年の歳月を経て平定した。
- In case of Yoriyoshi, four generations of the Minamoto clan, from the earliest ancestor, MINAMOTO no Tsunemoto to his father, held the post of Chinju-fu shogun, and when the Abe clan (in Oshu, northern Japan), who was the chief of Fushu (subdued Ezo) and the autonomous ruler of Okuroku-gun (six counties in northern Japan), conflicted with kokufu, Yoriyoshi was also dispatched as Mutsu no kami and Chinju-fu shogun and subdued them in 12 years.
- 末法思想(まっぽうしそう)とは、仏教の予言思想の一種であり、釈迦の立教以来1,000年(500年とする説もある)の時代を正法(しょうぼう)、次の1,000年を像法(ぞうぼう)、その後10,000年を末法の三時観で分けて考える。
- Mappo-shiso is a kind of Buddhist prediction philosophy under three periods which the period of 1,000 years (also said to be 500 years) after the establishment of Buddhism by Shaka is called Shobo, and the following period of 1,000 years is called Zobo and the following period of 10,000 years is called Mappo and these three periods are considered as different.
- ここでは、南北朝時代 (中国)以来の経典分類法を踏襲して大乗の三蔵と小乗の三蔵および聖賢集伝とに三大別し、そのうち大乗経典を般若、宝積、大集、華厳、涅槃の五大部としたうえで、大蔵経に編入すべき仏典の総数を5048巻と決定した。
- Following the classification of Buddhist sutra since the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties (China), this classified them into the Mahayana Tripitaka, Hinayana Tripitaka and Seiken Shuden (聖賢集伝) and decided that the number of Buddhist scriptures that should be edited into the Tripitaka as 5,048 volumes by designating Mahayana sutra as Godaibu (五大部) of Hannya, Hoshaku (宝積), Taishu (大集), kegon and nirvana.
- 本来は仏教や老荘思想など、中国思想の分野で用いられる漢語であったが、平安時代後期から鎌倉時代前期の代表的歌人であり、千載和歌集を撰集した藤原俊成により、和歌を批評する用語として多く用いられて以来、歌論の中心となる用語となった。
- Originally it was a word of Chinese origin used in Chinese thought like Buddhism and the thought of Laozi and Zhuangzi, but since FUJIWARA no Toshinari, a famous poet from the late Heian period to the early Kamakura period, who selected poems of Senzai Wakashu, often used the word to criticize waka poems, it became a major word in treatises on waka poetry.
- 以後、学科名としては紀伝科あるいは紀伝道が採用されたものの、博士の号は神亀以来の「文章博士」の呼称が採用された(ただし、文章中に他の科の博士と併記する場合には、「紀伝道の博士」という意味で「紀伝博士」の表記を用いた例もある)。
- Since then, either kiden-ka or kiden-do came to be used as the subject name, but teacher's title continued to be monjo hakase which had been in use since the Jinki era (except some examples of using 'kiden hakase' to stress the meaning of 'a history teacher' in sentences where hakase of other subjects were mentioned together).
- ケイトとジュリアが兄のパットが死んだ後、家をストーニー・バターに残し、ただ一人の姪、メアリー・ジェーンを連れ、一階で穀物問屋を営むフルハム氏から上階の部分を借りてアシャーズ・アイランドの暗く寂しい家に暮らすようになって以来だ。
- ever since Kate and Julia, after the death of their brother Pat, had left the house in Stoney Batter and taken Mary Jane, their only niece, to live with them in the dark, gaunt house on Usher's Island, the upper part of which they had rented from Mr. Fulham, the corn-factor on the ground floor.
- 水系に産する生物、特に魚類については、源伴存の『和州吉野郡群山記』(弘化年間)がイワナ(地方名キリクチ)、アユ、アマゴ(ヤマメ)、ウナギの5種を記載して以来、十津川とその支流に見られる淡水魚について、多くの調査研究が行われてきた。
- As for creatures, especially fish, in the water system, 'Washu Yoshino-gun Gunzanki' written by Tomoari MINAMOTO in the Kowa era (the later Edo period) lists five kinds of fish including Japanese char (locally called kirikuchi), ayu (sweetfish), red spotted masu trout (landlocked masu salmon) and eel; after that, plenty of investigations and studies has been conducted on freshwater fish in Totsu-kawa River and its branches.
- 超勝寺は先の本覚寺蓮恵の一件以来、本覚寺と並んで賀州三ヶ寺から圧迫を受けていたが元々は蓮如以前からの由緒のある末寺であり、北陸全域に門徒を抱えており、「北の超勝寺・南の本覚寺」と呼ばれてきた状況は加賀一向一揆後も変わりがなかった。
- Chosho-ji Temple had been oppressed in the same way as Hongaku-ji Temple by Gashu Sanka-ji Temples since the incident caused by Rene at Hongaku-ji Temple as mentioned before, but it was originally a historic branch temple that had existed before Rennyo and had followers all around Hokuriku, and its fame described as 'Chosho-ji Temple in the north, Hongaku-ji Temple in the south' was invariable even after the uprising of the Ikko sect followers in Kaga.
- 欧米へ赴いた岩倉使節団一行がキリシタン弾圧が条約改正の障害となっていることに驚き、本国に打電したことから、1873年(明治6年)にキリシタン禁制は廃止され、1614年以来259年ぶりに日本でキリスト教信仰が公認されることになった。
- After the Iwakura Mission, sent to Europe and America, were surprised to find that crackdown on Christians was impeding the revision of a treaty and sent a telegram to Japan, the policy to ban Christianity was abolished in 1873 and Christianity was officially approved in Japan for the first time in 259 years since 1614.
- しかしながら、皇族男子は秋篠宮文仁親王以来、40年間誕生せず、皇太子徳仁親王の第一子も内親王である敬宮愛子内親王であったことから、女性天皇や女系天皇を認めるように皇室典範を改正しようとする動きが見られていた(皇位継承問題を参照)。
- However there were no male Imperial successors born into the family since Imperial Prince Akishinonomiya Fumihito, for forty years, in addition to this, the Crown Prince, Imperial Prince Naruhito's first child was the Toshinomiya Imperial Princess Aiko, there was a movement to revise the Imperial House Act to allow female Emperors or Emperors in female lineage to succeed to the Imperial Throne. (Please refer to the issue of Imperial Succession)
- これによって、これまで、宗祖親鸞聖人以来の本願寺の法統を伝承する師主(指導者)という位置付けであった「法主」を廃し、権限を有しない宗派統合の象徴という位置付けの「門首」を新たに設け、光暢をスライド就任させた(光暢本人は就任を拒否)。
- Following the new constitution, the reformist group abolished the position of 'Hossu,' effectively the Shishu (leader) who had passed down the tradition of Buddhism particular to Hongan-ji Temple since its establishment by the founder of the sect, Shinran Shonin, and instead established a new position of 'Monshu' (chief priest), which was regarded as a symbol of integration between sects and which lacked authority, and attempted to install Kocho OTANI in the position, however Kocho rejected the promotion.
- 伏見宮家は、貞常親王以来連綿として皇位継承権を保持してきており、それは当然、そこから派生した各宮家にも及んでいるものであるが、伏見宮家が保持した皇位継承権は、単に本家との血縁の近さに基づくものではないことには留意しなければならない。
- The Fushiminomiya family succeeded to the throne from generation to generation since Imperial Prince Sadatsune and of course this influenced their branch families however, it must be noted that the Fushiminomiya family's right to succeed the throne was not just due to the fact they had a close blood line to the main family.
- 『義公行実』など各種伝記史料によれば、水戸徳川家世子として教育を受けていた青年時代の光圀は非行も多かったが、正保2年(1645年)に『史記』「伯夷伝」を読んで伯夷・叔斉に感銘を受け、以来は反省して学問に精励し、史書編纂を志したという。
- According to various biographical materials such as 'Giko kojitsu,' Mitsukuni in his youth who was educated as an heir of the Mito Tokugawa family committed some acts of delinquency, but came to regret what he had done and study hard after he read the chapter Hakuiden of 'Shiki' and was moved by Hakui and Syukusei, and then aspired to compile history.
- また、当時(1886年)の北海道全域の人口は26万5千人に過ぎず、うち半数以上にあたる15万1千人が松前藩時代以来の集住地域である函館県に集中し、逆に極寒の未開拓地が大半を占める根室県はわずか1万7千人という不均衡の問題が生じていた。
- Furthermore, while the population of the whole area of Hokkaido was only two hundred sixty-five thousand in 1886 and more than half of the population (one hundred fifty-one thousand) concentrated in Hakodate Prefecture where people had lived in groups since the age of the Matsumae Domain, and Nemeuro Prefecture which consisted mostly of extremely cold undeveloped land had a population of only seventeen thousand, and this posed a problem of an imbalance.
- 命名には『古今和歌集』『新古今』以来の正統を継承しようとする意気込みが見え、撰者の数を五人に増やしたのも、おそらく『新古今』のような勅撰集を目指した故であろうが、撰者が相容れぬ立場にあるため歌風の調和が取れず、多種多様で統一性に欠ける。
- The anthology tried to follow tradition by naming itself the successor of 'Kokin Wakashu' (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Poetry) and 'Shin Kokin,' and the reason why the number of anthologists was increased to five was probably because the Emperor wanted to make the anthology resemble 'Shin Kokin,' but because the anthologists were unable to agree with each other and couldn't organize the poems well it ended up being too diversified and inconsistent.
- これは守隆が生前に五男の久隆を溺愛して嫡男に選んでしまったのが原因であるが、結果として御家騒動の結果、久隆は摂津国三田藩へ移封され、隆季は綾部にそれぞれ移封され、ここに九鬼氏は嘉隆以来の故郷である志摩国鳥羽藩の地を失うに至ったのであった。
- The dispute took place because Moritaka had doted on Hisataka, the fifth son and chosen him as his heir, and the result was the transfer of Hisataka to the Sanda Domain in Settsu Province and of Takasue to the Ayabe Domain, leading to the loss of the Toba Domain in Shima Province, which had been the hometown of the Kuki clan since the era of Yoshitaka.
- 武田家伝統の赤備えで編成した真田信繁隊は、天王寺・岡山の戦い天王寺口の戦いで家康本陣を攻撃し、三方ヶ原の戦い以来と言われる本陣突き崩しを成し遂げ、『真田日本一の兵 古よりの物語にもこれなき由』と薩摩旧記(島津家)に賞賛される活躍を見せた。
- Nobushige SANADA's troop formed in the Takeda Family's traditional Akazonae attacked the headquarters of Ieyasu in the battle of Tenno-ji and the battle of Tenno-ji-guchi, in which they achieved the breaking of headquarters which was said to be for the first time since the Battle of Mikatagahara, and showed the performance as praised in the Satsuma Nikki (Journal of Satsuma Domain) (Shimazu Family) which tells, 'Sanada is the best troop in Japan. Even an old story has never told such a strong troop.'
- 1927年(昭和2年)4月の『鞍馬天狗異聞 角兵衛獅子』以来、近藤勇役が板についた山本礼三郎であったが、マキノで25作の出演作を数えた1928年(昭和3年)5月に同社を退社、設立したのがこの「山本礼三郎プロダクション」(山本プロ)である。
- Reizaburo YAMAMOTO, having become quite at home in his role as Isami KONDO from the April 1927 production of 'Kuramatengu-ibun Kakubeejishi,' left Makino in May of 1928 after acting in twenty-five films and established 'Yamamoto Reizaburo Productions' (Yamamoto Pro).
- MIT AI 研にパスワードが初めて登場して以来、ぼくは自分の信念のために立ち上がろう、パスワードなんかあってはならないという信念にしたがおう、絶対にできるだけわかりやすいパスワードにして、それをみんなにばらすようにしようと決心したんだ。
- Ever since passwords first appeared at the MIT-AI lab I had come to the conclusion that to stand up for my belief, to follow my belief that there should be no passwords, I should always make sure to have a password that is as obvious as possible and I should tell everyone what it is.
- 三條は1869年(明治2年)に太政官制太政官制が導入されて以来、実権はさておき、名目上は常に明治新政府の首班として諸事万端を整えることに努めてきたが、伊藤博文の主導する内閣制度の導入によってこれに終止符が打たれたのはこの4年前のことだった。
- Setting aside the question about his real power, SANJO had always strived to organize everything as head seat of new Meiji government since the System of Departments of State was introduced in 1869, but it was four years earlier that it was put an end by the introduction of cabinet system led by Hirobumi ITO.
- 間もなく山陰道鎮撫総督西園寺公望から丹波に王政復古(日本)の募兵があり、前年末頃から御所警備などの勤王奉仕策を練っていた山国では、平安時代以来の皇室との関係と郷中復古(禁裏御料回復)の願いから、直ちにこれに応じて自弁による農兵隊が結成された。
- Soon after, imperial loyalist (anti-bakufu) troops recruited by Kinmochi SAIONJI, the general placed in charge of pacifying the Sanindo highway and the surrounding area, appeared in Tanba Province, and in Yamaguni, whose inhabitants had been training to serve the imperial cause, for example by standing guard at the imperial palace in Kyoto, since the end of the previous year (1867), they were also hoping for a restoration of their own hamlet along with a resumption of the ties with the imperial house they had held since the Heian period, desires which quickly prompted them to form, at their own expense, a fighting force of farmers.
- このダム建設によって日吉町の188世帯が水没する事になり、「宮村ダム」計画発表の1961年に「日吉ダム対策協議会天若同盟」を住民は結成し、以来1984年(昭和59年)9月に補償交渉が妥結するまでの24年間、町を挙げた強固な反対運動を展開した。
- Because 188 households in Hiyoshi-cho were to be submerged through the building of this dam, the residents formed 'Hiyoshi Dam Taisakukyogikai Amawaka Domei' (Amawaka Association, Hiyoshi Dam Opposition Movement) in 1961 when the plan to build 'Miyamura Dam' was announced, and they staged an uncompromising opposition movement against the plan involving people of the whole town for twenty-four years until September 1984 when the compensation negotiations were settled.
- 平安時代から中世にかけて、かなりの規模をもった寺院だったようだが、明応7年(1498年)の火災で全焼し、その数年後の文亀3年(1503年)の兵火でも焼け、この2回の火災で創建以来の建物ばかりでなく、仏像、寺宝、記録類なども大方焼けてしまった。
- Although it seems like the temple had been quite substantial from the Heian period to the medieval period, it was completely-burned by the fire in 1498 and also by the fire caused by the war in 1503; the temple's treasure and the records were burned down, which included not only the original building from its inception but also most of the Buddha statues, the temple's treasure and the records.
- リチャード・M・ストールマン(Richard M. Stallman, RMS)の創設したフリーソフトウェア財団(Free Software Foundation, FSF)は 1980 年代初期以来、大量のオープンソース開発を支援してきた。
- The Free Software Foundation founded by Richard M. Stallman (RMS) supported a great deal of open-source development from the early 1980s forward,
- 政友会がこの問題を持ち出したのはその年に行われた第17回衆議院議員総選挙で大敗したことに加えて、田中義一前総裁(元陸軍大臣・総理大臣)の総裁時代以来、在郷軍人会が政友会の有力支持団体化したことに伴う「政友会の親軍化」現象の一環とも言われている。
- The reason why the Seiyukai (Rikken seiyukai) rose this matter was that they lost the 17th general election of members of the House of Representatives held that year, and in addition to that, since the period of the former Prime Minister Giichi TANAKA (former Minister of Army, Prime Minister), an association of reservists became the influential support group of Seiyukai which led to the phenomenon of 'pro-militarization of Seiyukai'.
- 以来、唯授一人の血脈相承(ゆいじゅいちにん の けちみゃくそうじょう)が、日蓮正宗の正統性を主張し、また、時の法主による広宣流布指揮の絶対性、教義論争裁定・本尊書写・各種称号授与の専有性を保障するものとして、法主から次期法主へと伝えられている。
- Since then, the sole inheritor of Kechimyaku Sojo has asserted the legitimacy of Nichiren Shoshu sect, and this position has been passed from the incumbent Hossu (chief priest) to his successor; the position itself guarantees absolute authority in controlling propagation activities, as well as the exclusive power to adjudicate on disputes concerning doctrine, to give permission for depicting the principal icon of a temple, and to bestow various titles.
- なお、徳富蘇峰の『近世日本国民史』以来、天皇が幕府の圧力によって退位したとする説があるが、実際には退位後においても積極的に政治や学問の振興策を主導しており、むしろ幕府からの干渉を避けるために院政による政治運営を行う狙いがあったと考えられている。
- There is a theory that the Emperor abdicated under pressure from the government after the publication of 'Modern Japanese History,' by Soho TOKUTOMI; however, it is considered that after his abdication, he aimed to focus on ruling the cloister government without pressure from the government, doing so by actively promoting political and academic programs.
- 唐の律令の継受も、このような土台のうえに可能となったのであるが、秦・漢以来の歴代の専制主義的法制を集大成した唐の律令と大化前代の日本の法とでは、段階の差が、あまりにはげしかったので、律令法は継受法としての性格を強くもたざるをえなかったとみられる。
- Adopting the Tang ritsuryo was possible based upon such a foundation, but the difference between the Tang ritsuryo, which was a comprehensive compilation of successive despotic legal systems since Qin and Han, and the Japanese law of the pre-Taika era, was so great that ritsuryo law could not avoid becoming, basically, an adopted law by nature.
- 例えば、後円融の子後小松天皇は、1392年(元中9年/明徳3年)に南北朝合一を実現して後醍醐以来の唯一の天皇となり、皇子称光天皇に譲位して院政を行い、1428年(正長元年)に称光が没して皇統が絶えると、伏見宮家から後花園天皇を立てて院政を続けた。
- For example Emperor Goenyu's son, Emperor Gokomatsu made the unity of the Southern and the Northern Courts happen in 1392, and became the only Emperor since Emperor Godaigo's era, he then passed the Imperial throne to his Prince, Emperor Shoko to start his cloistered government, after Emperor Shoko died in 1428 and there was no one to succeed to the throne, he appointed Emperor Gohanazono from the Fushiminomiya family as a successor to continue to rule his government.
- わたしは、あなたがたの好意を知っており、そのために、あなたがたのことをマケドニヤの人々に誇って、アカヤでは昨年以来、すでに準備をしているのだと言った。そして、あなたがたの熱心は、多くの人を奮起させたのである。 (コリント人への第二の手紙 9:2)
- for I know your readiness, of which I boast on your behalf to them of Macedonia, that Achaia has been prepared for a year past. Your zeal has stirred up very many of them. (2 Corinthians 9:2)
- 3月3日(3月31日)、ペリーは約500名の兵員を以って武蔵国神奈川の横浜村(現神奈川県横浜市)に上陸し、全12箇条に及ぶ日米和親条約(神奈川条約)が締結されて日米合意は正式なものとなり、徳川家光以来200年以上続いてきた、いわゆる鎖国が解かれた。
- On March 3 (March 31), Perry landed in Yokohama Village of Musashi Province in Kanagawa (present-day Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture), where a 12-article treaty between the United States of America and the Empire of Japan was signed (the Treaty of Kanagawa), that is, the agreement between Japan and the United States became official, and Japan's 200 years of national isolation that stretched back to the regime of Iemitsu TOKUGAWA came to an end.
- 和銅元年8月10日_(旧暦)の太政官符で、稲穀の貯蔵と不動倉設置が奨励されて以来、毎年備蓄が行われて、約30年近く後天平年間田租収入の30年分余りの(田地からの年間収穫量とほぼ同一)の貯蔵が存在していたことが現存する各令制国の正税帳から推測できる。
- Since the storage of rice in the husk and the placement of Fudoso warehouse were encouraged in the Daijokanpu (official documents issued by Daijokan, Grand Council of State) on September 2, 708, storage of rice in the husk had been carried out year after year nearly 30 years; existing records of rice tax suggest that there existed the storage approximately the same quantity of crop yields of more than 30 years from the rice field tax during the Tenpyo era.
- 藩主の父ではあるが、外様大名でしかも無位無官である「島津三郎」が兵を率いて京へ入り、幕府に無断で公家と接触するなどという事態は、幕府健在の頃であれば許されざる暴挙であったが、桜田門外の変以来権威の失墜しつつあった幕府体制にそれを阻止する力はなかった。
- If the bakufu had had absolute political power as it used to, the situation that 'Saburo (the third son) SHIMAZU', who was a tozama daimyo (non hereditary feudal lord) having no special rank or title even though he was the father of the lord, went to Kyoto with his troop and approached the court nobles without the bakufu's permission would have been deemed as unforgivably reckless, but the bakufu which was losing its authority since the Sakuradamongai Incident did not have the power to stop it.
- 京の伝統野菜(きょうのでんとうやさい)とは、京都府によって認定された野菜の品目の事で、1987年(昭和62年)の認定開始以来、現在まで41品目の野菜が認定されており、その中には、京の伝統野菜に準じる野菜の品目や、既に絶滅しまった野菜の品目も含まれる。
- Traditional vegetables of Kyo (another name for Kyoto Prefecture) refers to the crops of vegetables that have been certified by the Kyoto Prefecture since the certification began in 1987, and 41 crops of vegetables have been certified so far, including those that are almost equivalent to traditional vegetables of Kyo, and those that are already extinct.
- 第1次山本内閣の時代を含めることにより、この時期の民衆が一方では憲政擁護運動以来の反閥族感情を保ちながらも、他方では1913年7月の辛亥革命の混乱に際しては、革命派擁護を名目とする対中出兵論に容易に乗るような大正デモクラーの一側面が視野にはいってくる。
- By including the era of the first Yamamoto Cabinet into the Taisho Seihen, we can see another side of Taisho Democracy; since the out set of the Campaign for the Defense of the Constitutionalism, the public in this period retained the anti-clique sentiment, however on the other hand, they easily agreed on dispatching troops to China in the name of supporting the revolutionary group in the turmoil of the Republican Revolution when it broke out in China in July 1913.
- 伝統的に大乗仏教を信仰してきた地域の諸宗派は、これらの大乗の経典は釈迦が成道して以来40数年の間のどこかで説かれたものとみなしていたが、成立しはじめた当時すでに仏教の内部から大乗経典は勝手に創作されたものであり正統な仏教とは言えないという批判があった。
- Schools of Buddhism in areas where Mahayana Buddhism has traditionally been believed regarded that Shakyamuni preached Mahayana teachings at some point during the 40-something years after his Jodo (completion of the path to becoming a Buddha by attaining enlightenment); however, when the Mahayana Sutras began to become established, there was already criticism from inside Buddhism that they had been created without the permission of Buddha and could therefore not be regarded as orthodox Buddhism.
- だが、松方・進歩党が希望するこの二大課題が解決すると、元々大隈との提携に不満があった薩摩閥系閣僚と進歩党側の対立が激化、更に松方が財政難の解決のために地租改正反対一揆以来一種のタブーとなっていた「地租増徴」を提案したことから進歩党内に倒閣の機運が生じた。
- However, once two major tasks the Progressive Party represented by MATSUKATA aimed for were solved, conflicts were intensified between the cabinet members from Satsuma Domain clique who had been dissatisfied with cooperation with OKUMA from the beginning and the Progressive Party side, and moreover to solve economic difficulties, MATSUKATA proposed 'the plan to increase land taxes' which had been a sort of taboo since the peasant revolt against the land-tax reform, which gathered momentum within the Progressive Party of overthrowing the Cabinet.
- 更に平安時代以来官司請負制のもとで暦博士を世襲してきた賀茂氏はその伝統と実績を背景として御暦奏を同氏の専権として主張するようになり、阿倍氏が陰陽頭であっても関与させないことを朝廷に認めさせるようになった(平経高『平戸記』仁治元年閏10月14日・22日条)。
- Besides that, Kamo clan, who had been taking over the post of rekihakase by succession in the government office contract system since the Heian period, thanks to its tradition and its experience, began to claim that goryakuso was its exclusive right and began to get the emperor to agree not to involve Abe clan in goryakuso even if they were Onmyonokami (according to 'Heikoki' by TAIRA no Tsunetaka on December 5 and 13, 1240).
- 薩長は、土佐藩、佐賀藩をも巻き込み、開国以来の違勅条約に対する反対論と外国人排撃を主張、実行に移そうとする「攘夷」を、国学の進展などにより江戸時代後期から広がっていた国家元首問題としての尊王論とを結びつけ、「尊皇攘夷」を旗頭に「倒幕」の世論を形成していった。
- Satsuma and Choshu domains, together with Tosa and Saga domains, advocated the 'anti-shogunate movement' based on the 'antiforeign imperialism' insisting that the treaties with the Western powers, which were concluded against the imperial order, should not be accepted in the first place and that foreigners should be expelled out of Japan, and placating those who were about to resort to force for the cause of exclusionism, these domains tried to unite exclusionism with the imperialism on the supremacy of the emperor.
- 1977年には洋式便器の販売が和式便器の販売数を超え、スイスやアメリカ合衆国にあったビデ付の便器を東陶機器(現・TOTO (企業))が取り入れ、拡張機能を加えた温水洗浄便座として「ウォシュレット」のブランド名で販売して以来さまざまな会社が製造するようになった。
- In 1977 yoshiki lavatory basins outsold washiki ones and TOTO LTD brought in lavatory basins with a bidet (douche) made in Switzerland or The United States, added advanced features to them, sold them in the brand name 'Washlet' and since then various companies came to produce them.
- 1854年の開国以来の混沌とした政治情勢を受けて半ば非常時の体制へ移行したものであるが、その主導者は幕府自身(幕閣)ではなく、薩摩藩主の父・島津久光および朝廷の公武合体派公卿らに主導されて出された勅使による圧力の下、やむを得ず改革を迫られたというのが実情である。
- Although the bakufu shifted to the quasi-emergency regime due to the chaotic political situation since the opening of the country to the world in 1854, such change was not initiated by the bakufu itself (the cabinet officials of the Shogunate) but was forced under the pressure from the imperial envoy dispatched by the initiation of Hisamitsu SHIMAZU who was the father of the the lord of the Satsuma Domain as well as the court nobles supporting Kobu Gattai (an idea of uniting the court and the shogunate), so the reality was that the shogunate had no option but to carry out the reform.
- 日本で今日のような天文学の研究が開始されるのは、江戸幕府が天文方を設置して以後であるが、初代天文方の渋川春海は『天文瓊統』において、科学的な天文観測とともに天文道以来の天体と占いの関係についての学説に割いている(これは春海が土御門泰福から神道を学んだ影響も大きい)。
- Although it was only after the establishment of tenmonkata (officer in charge of astronomy) by the Edo bakufu that people started to conduct astronomical research in the current style, the first tenmonkata, Harumi SHIBUKAWA, discussed the theory on the relationship between astronomical bodies and divination, which followed the tradition of Tenmondo, as well as scientific observation of the sky in a book called 'Tenmon Keito' (this may stem from the fact that Harumi learned Shinto from Yasutomi TSUCHIMIKADO).
- 実際に日本中世において正統と見なされた宗教は、平安時代以来密教を基軸に統合された顕密の仏教であり、旧仏教八宗は併立していたのではなく、密教に見ることが出来る鎮魂呪術的信仰という共通の基盤の上に密教の絶対的・普遍的真実性を前提とした競合的な秩序を形成していたものである。
- The kenmitsu taisei theory claims that the authentic religion in medieval Japan, in fact, was kenmitsu Buddhism, which had been integrated under the umbrella of Esoteric Buddhism after the Heian period, and eight old Buddhism sects did not co-exist but formed a competitive order built on the absolute and universal truth of Esoteric Buddhism while sharing as the common foundation the characteristics peculiar to Esoteric Buddhism: prayers for peace of souls and ritualistic faith.
- また、その末文によっても知られるように、本書が撰述された直後に、北宋台州の居士で周文徳という人物が、本書を持って天台山国清寺に至り、中国の僧俗多数の尊信を受け、会昌の廃仏以来、唐末五代十国の混乱によって散佚した教法を、中国の地で復活させる機縁となったことが特筆される。
- As shown in the last passage, soon after this book had been compiled, SHU Buntoku, a lay Buddhist in Taizhou Prefecture Northern Song, went to Kokusei-ji Temple on Mt. Tendai with this book to be respected by many monks and seculars in China, with the result that this book contributed to the resurrection of the Buddhism doctrine in China, which had been scattered and lost due to the confusion at the end of the Tang and Wudai Shiguo period after the persecution of Buddhists in the Huichang era.
- なぜなら、明治時代前期の欧化政策以来、政府は数々の優遇措置をもって国民に洋酒を紹介し、国産洋酒の生産や消費を促してきたわけだが、その延長線上にやってきたのは結局「そろそろ舌になじんだころだろうから本場、外国産の洋酒をどんどん買ってくれ」というべき状況だったからである。
- This was because the government had introduced foreign liquors with various preferential treatments and promoted to produce and consume foreign liquors made in Japan since the Westernization policy in the early part of the Meiji period, which finally resulted in the situation that 'buy foreign liquors made in foreign countries because you have already gotten used to the taste.'
- さらに安倍有世以来代々の当主の屋敷が土御門にあったことから土御門家(あくまで地名から取ったもので、村上源氏の流れをくむ源通親系土御門家とは異なる)を通名とするようになり、朝廷・将軍からの支持を一手に集め、ここまではその陰陽諸道上の勢力を万全なものとしたかのように見えた。
- Since the residence of the family head was located in the Tsuchimikado area for generations beginning in the days of ABE no Ariyo, the Abe clan began to refer to themselves as the Tsuchimikado family (named after the geographical name and this was different than the MINAMOTO no Michichika line of the Tsuchimikado family descended from Murakami-Genji (Minamoto clan)) monopolizing support of the Imperial Court and the Shogun and, up to this point, it seemed that the Abe clan enjoyed infallible power in relation to the arts of Onmyo.
- 12世紀末以来、武士階層を基盤とする鎌倉幕府は、数度の戦乱を通じて所領を基盤たる武士階層に再配分し、武士団の持つ自己増殖欲求に応えてきたが、宝治元年(1247年)の宝治合戦により得宗専制が完成して政治的安定が実現すると、所領再配分の機会となる戦乱の発生自体が見られなくなった。
- Since the end of the 12th century, the Kamakura bakufu, based on the samurai class, had reallocated its territory to the samurai through several wars to meet the self-propagating desires of the samurai forces, but when the Hoji Battle of 1247 resulted in complete Tokuso sensei (autocracy by the shikken [regent for the shogun], who were members of the Hojo clan) and political stability was established, wars, that presented opportunities for territory reallocation, stopped occurring.
- 事件後の神護景雲3年10月の詔勅によって称徳天皇自身が改めて皇位継承者を自らが決める意思を強調していること(坂本太郎 (歴史学者)以来、これを道鏡への譲位断念と解釈されるが、細井は皇族の軽挙を戒めているが、天皇が意中の人物(道鏡を含めて)を求める旨を強調したに過ぎないとする)。
- That the Empress Shotoku emphasized her intention again to appoint the successor to the Imperial Throne herself in an imperial rescript issued in November 769, which was after the incident; (Since the time of Taro SAKAMOTO [historian], this has been interpreted as the renunciation to let Dokyo ascend the throne; Hosoi thinks that it was no more than that the empress only emphasized her intention to enthrone a person in her mind [including Dokyo] while cautioning Imperial family members and court nobles not to act rashly.)
- 台湾領有については松方、陸奥、伊藤ら日本政府要人も1894年以来、その領有の必要性や目的を意見書「威海衛を衝き台湾を略すべき方策」(伊藤)、「台湾島鎮撫策に関して」(陸奥)などでマレー半島や南洋群島に進出する根拠地、中国大陸に将来版図を展開する際の根拠地とする意見を表明していた。
- Leaders in the Japanese government such as Matsukata, Mutsu, and Ito expressed their opinion in their papers on the aim and necessity for Japan to occupy Taiwan based on its expansion to the Maly Peninsula and the South Sea Island or as a base in the future to conquer territory on the Chinese continent since 1894: for example 'Strategy for occupation of Taiwan by attacking Weihaiwei' (Ito), and 'A measure to pacify the Taiwan Island' (Mutsu).
- 御三家の家臣は、基本的に将軍家と同様、三河以来の譜代家臣を祖とする者が多かったが、その中でも将軍直臣(じきしん)の扱い(大名の家臣は通常「陪臣(ばいしん)」と呼ばれる)を受け、特別に目付役の任を持ち、数万石レベルの大名に匹敵する「附家老(つけがろう)」と呼ばれる大身の家臣がいた。
- Basically, many of the vassals of Gosanke had the hereditary vassals from Mikawa Province as their ancestors just like the shogun family; some vassals of high rank were called 'tsukegaro' (vassals assigned directly by the shogun) who were treated like a great vassal of shogun, held a special position of superintendent officer, and were equivalent to daimyo with tens of thousands of crop yield, while vassals of daimyo were usually called 'baishin' (indirect vassal).
- 江戸時代末期以来、富国強兵の大義名分のもと年々増税等が行われる中、1881年(明治14年)10月に大蔵卿に就任した松方正義によるいわゆる松方財政の影響により、現在でいうデフレスパイラルが発生し(松方デフレ)、いまだ脆弱であった日本の経済、とりわけ農業部門には深刻な不況が発生した。
- In a situation where taxes and so on had been increased year by year since the end of Edo period for the policy of fukoku kyohei (fortifying the country, strengthening the military), under the influence of so-called Matsukata finance by Masayoshi MATSUKATA, who assumed the post of the Ministry of Finance in October 1881, what we call a deflationary spiral occurred (Matsukata deflation), which brought a serious deflation in Japanese economy, especially in the agricultural sector.
- また、三好氏を利用して永禄7年(1564年)には敵対していた政所執事伊勢貞孝を敗死に追い込み、新たな政所執事に義輝の義従兄弟にあたる摂津晴門を起用し、従来将軍の意向が及ばなかった政所を掌握して幕府決裁に対する影響力を強め、義満以来の聡明な将軍として幕府の将軍親政を着実に進めていった。
- In the same year of 1564, Yoshiteru utilized the Miyoshi clan in driving Sadataka ISE, then head of Mandokoro (the government administrative office) who had been hostile to the Shogun, into death in a losing battle; appointed his (Yoshiteru's) cousin-in-law Harukado SETTSU as new head of Mandokoro; strengthened his control of official decisions of the Bakufu through the Mandokoro, previously out of his real authority but now more at his mercy, and thereby steadily achieved direct rule by the Shogun as the wisest leader after Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA.
- この条約の締結にはイギリス公使ハリー・パークスの仲介があったが、この条約には安政条約以来欧米各国が江戸幕府及び明治政府と締結した全ての不平等条約の規定の中でもっとも有利な条件が反映され、その内容は各国が日本と結んだ条約の最恵国待遇の規定によって全ての列強に対して適用されることとなった。
- English Minister, Harry Parks mediated for the conclusion of this treaty, and among all the unfair treaties concluded between the Edo government and the Meiji government with Europe and the North America since the Ansei era treaty, the treaty contained the most advantageous conditions, the contents of which applied to all countries who had made 'Most Favored Nation Treatment' treaties with Japan.
- 遺された円如の遺児証如(永正13年(1516年)生まれ、実如死去時10歳)の将来を危惧した実如は蓮淳・蓮悟・実円(三河国本宗寺、実如の4男で現存していた唯一の男子)・蓮慶(蓮綱の嫡子)・顕誓(蓮誉の嫡子)の5人に証如への忠誠と親鸞以来の教義の擁護、既存の政治・宗教勢力との共存を遺言した。
- Worried about the future of Shonyo, a bereaved child of Ennyo (born in 1516, he was 10 when Jitsunyo died), Jitsunyo left the will to instruct five priests, Renjun, Rengo, Jitsuen (at Honso-ji Temple in Mikawa Province; the 4th son of Jitsunyo and the only male child alive), Renkei (Renko's legitimate child), and Kensei (Renyo's legitimate child) to practice loyalty to Shonyo, to protect the doctrine that had been kept since Sinran, and to coexist with the present political and religious powers.
- 新田一郎 (法学者)は頼朝以来の先例や武家社会の道理を記した部分、特に律令法・公家法と相違・対立する部分の多くは直接条文としては盛り込まれず、細目や例外事項などの形式によって触れられており、一方で条文本文に記されている幕府関係以外の事項の多くは鎌倉時代初期の公家法に依拠する部分が多いとする。
- According to Ichiro NITTA (legal expert), the part which wrote about the precedents since the time of Yoritomo and the morals of samurai society and especially most of the part which opposed to Ritsuryo law and kugeho were not included in the articles, but were only mentioned in the forms of details and exceptions, while most of the matters not related to bakufu in the articles were based on the kugeho in the early Kamakura period.
- 天文 (日本)8年(1539年)に天文法華の乱の影響による土倉役・酒屋役の減少への対策として管領細川晴元が明徳以来度々納銭方や公方御倉を務めた延暦寺系の土倉「正実坊」による納銭方業務の請負一任(事実上の独占化)が決定されると、土倉や酒屋がこれに強く反対して幕府への直納(直進)要求するに至った。
- When Kanrei (shogunal deputy) Harumoto HOSOKAWA decided in 1539 to leave the monopolistic contract for the Nosenkata business entirely to 'Shojitsubo' (a doso of Enryaku-ji Temple extraction), which had repeatedly taken charge of Nosenkata and Kubo-okura, as a measure against the dosoyaku and sakayayaku decrease due to the damage from the Tenbun Hokke War, the doso and sakaya strongly opposed his decision and requested direct tax payment to the bakufu.
- そして2年後、秀頼は右大臣に昇ったものの、この年に家康は将軍職も2年後に息子徳川秀忠に譲って将軍職の世襲の意思を表し、同じ年に九条兼孝に代わって一連の問題の発端となった近衛信尹(信輔改め、慶長6年(1601年)左大臣還任)が相論発生以来21年目にして関白に任命されて五摂家による持ち回りが復活した。
- Two years later, Hideyori was elevated to the position of Udaijin, and yet, Ieyasu yielded the position of Shogun to his son, Hidetada TOKUGAWA, showing his determination to pass down the position by hereditary succession; in the same year, in place of Kanetaka KUJO, Nobutada KONOE (whose name had changed from Nobusuke and who had been reinstated to Sadaijin in 1601) was appointed to Kanpaku for the first time in twenty-one years since he had started the soron, having caused a series of troubles thereafter; here, the tradition of rotating the position of Kanpaku among the five sekke was restored.
- また、文部省が京大総長の具状を待たずに分限委員会を開き滝川の休職処分を決定したことは、京大における沢柳事件(1913年 - 1914年)以来、「教授会自治」として認められていた慣行(総長の具状は教授会の同意を必要とするというもの)を無視するものであったうえに帝国大学官制にすら違反する可能性があった。
- The decision for Takigawa's extended leave by the Bungen (change in employment status) board of the Ministry of Education without waiting for an explanation from the President of Kyoto University ignored the tradition of 'Ruling by the Board of Professors' that was established by the Sawayanagi Incident (1913-1914) at Kyoto University (the explanation of the president requires the consent of the board of professors) and may have possibly been against the Imperial University Rules.
- これにより、「諸国税法は旧慣による」旨定めた明治元年太政官布告(明治元年8月7日太政官布告第612号)以来、明治8年の雑税廃止(明治元年2月20日太政官布告第23号)・国税及び府県税の区分け(明治8年9月8日太政官布告第140号)を経て整理されてきた府県税・民費が、地方税として体系化されるに至った。
- This realized to systematize prefectural tax and residential tax, which had been organized via elimination of miscellaneous taxes (the 612nd Rule of Dajokan in September 22, 1868), classification of national tax and prefectural tax (the 23rd Rule of Dajokan in March 13, 1868) in 1875 starting from the edict of Dajokan (the 140th Rule of Dajokan in September 8, 1875) in 1868 which set that 'tax laws in various districts shall follow old practices,' as local tax.
- 代表的な外様大名としては、加賀百万石として有名な前田氏の加賀藩、鎌倉時代以来の名家である島津氏の薩摩藩や伊達氏の仙台藩、黒田氏の福岡藩、浅野氏の広島藩、毛利氏の長州藩、上杉氏の米沢藩、鍋島氏の佐賀藩、細川氏の熊本藩、池田氏の岡山藩と鳥取藩、蜂須賀氏の徳島藩、土佐山内氏の土佐藩、佐竹氏の秋田藩といった国主が多い。
- Representative of the Tozama Daimyo were the Kaga Domain of the Maeda clan, famous for the million koku of Kaga, the Satsuma Domain of the Shimazu clan, a family famous from the Kamakura period, the Sendai Domain of the Date clan, the Fukuoka Domain of the Kuroda clan, the Hiroshima Domain of the Asano clan, the Choshu Domain of the Mori clan, the Yonezawa Domain of the Uesugi clan, the Saga Domain of the Nabeshima clan, the Kumamoto Domain of the Hosokawa clan, the Okayama and Tottori Domains of the Ikeda clan, the Tokushima Domain of the Hachisuka clan, the Tosa Domain of the Tosa Yamauchi clan, and the Akita Domain of the Satake clan.
- 戦況は信雄・家康連合に優位であったものの、信雄が領国としていた伊勢伊賀を秀吉に占領され講和要求に屈したため、合戦の大義を失った家康は家臣内の分裂や石川数正の秀吉側への出奔、秀吉直々の懐柔もあり、天正14年(1586年)10月27日大坂城で秀吉と謁見することで清洲同盟以来の臣従関係を秀吉に対しあらためることとなった。
- While the allied force of Nobuo and Ieyasu was superior in the battle, Nobuo whose territory of Ise and Iga Provinces were occupied by Hideyoshi succumbed to the condition of peace, then Ieyasu losing the cause of the battle had an audience with Hideyoshi at Osaka-jo Castle on December 7, 1586 to show Hideyoshi their subordinate-superior relationship since Kiyosu Alliance, under several situations including the division between Ieyasu's vassals, Kazumasa ISHIKAWA changing side of Hideyoshi, and conciliation by Hideyoshi himself.
- また、1990年代後半からは主に考古学的側面から、卓淳(昌原)・安羅(咸安)などの諸地域の研究が推進される一方で、1983年に慶尚南道の松鶴洞一号墳(墳丘長66メートル)が前方後円墳であるとして紹介されて以来相次いだ朝鮮半島南西部での前方後円墳の発見これまでのところ全羅南道に11基、全羅北道に2基の前方後円墳が確認されている。
- And, from the late 1990s, studies of Tokujun (卓淳, in Changwon), Alla (in Haman) and other regions were promoted mainly from the archeological aspect and since the Songhakdong No. 1 tomb in Gyeongsangnam-do (66 meters in length) was announced as a large keyhole-shaped tomb mound in 1983, the same type of tombs have been unearthed one after another in the southwest part of the Korean Peninsula, totaling eleven in South Jeolla Province and two in North Jeolla Province so far.
- この「天下」概念の実例としては、1428年に大越が明から独立した際、この時代を代表する文人であるグエン・チャイが「自趙丁李陳之肇造、我国与漢唐宋元而各帝一方」(趙佗の南越国・丁部領の丁朝・李朝 (ベトナム)・陳朝以来、我が国は中国の漢・唐・宋・元などの王朝と同じく帝を称して天下の一方に君臨してきた)と述べていることがあげられる。
- An example of this notion of 'Tenka' was the remark made by Guen Chai, a man of literature representing this era, in 1428 when Daietsu (Đại Việt) became independent from Ming, saying 'Since the era of Nanetsukoku (the kingdom of Nanyue) founded by Zhao Tuo, the Đinh dynasty founded by Đinh Bộ Lĩnh, the Lý Dynasty (Vietnam) and the Trần Dynasty, my country had reigned over part of 'Tenka' as with the Hang, Tang, Sung or Yuan dynasty in China.'
- 延喜・天暦以来、儒教が仏教に圧倒されて儒教が禅僧の学問と化したこと、藤原惺窩が日本における宋学の端緒を付けたこと、その後伊藤仁斎・伊藤東涯父子や山崎闇斎・中江藤樹・荻生徂徠らが、名利をもって陽明学や古文辞学などの異説を掲げて朱子学の排撃を試みたこと、だが朱子学こそが名利を捨てて学問として成就された正統な儒学であることを論じている。
- He writes that Confucianism had been overwhelmed by Buddhism since the Engi and Tenryaku Period and it changed into the learning of Zen monks, that Seika FUJIWARA began the serious study of Shushigaku, and that later Jinsai ITO and his son Togai ITO, Ansai YAMAZAKI, Toju NAKAE, and Sorai OGYU tried to criticize Shushigaku for meiri (fame and profit), insisting on different theories from Shushigaku such as Yomeigaku (Neo-Confucianism based on teaching of WANG Yangming) and Kobunjigaku (study of ancient rhetoric school), and finally he stresses that Shushigaku is the right and completed Confucianism from which meiri was eliminated.
- 1967年10月、当時阪急電鉄沿線の配慮から年10試合前後の公式戦を準フランチャイズとして開催していたオリックス・バファローズ(現・オリックス)は、北海道日本ハムファイターズとの試合を行い、日没コールドゲームで敗れたもののチームが1936年に「大阪阪急野球協会」として創部して以来32年目で悲願のリーグ戦初優勝をこの球場で飾っている。
- In October 1967, Orix Buffaloes (current Orix), which held about 10 official games in a year as a sub-franchise for the Hankyu Railway lines in those days, had a game with Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters which was called on account of darkness and lost, but since 1936 when it was established as 'Osaka Hankyu Baseball Club,' it won the long-cherished victory in a league match for the first time in 32 years in this ballpark.
- 創価学会は、1990年(平成2年。正式な破門は翌1991年)に日蓮正宗に破門されて以来、日蓮正宗への攻撃に多くの時間と労力を費やしており、「仏敵を責めること」が重要であるという立場から、聖教新聞などの機関誌では連日のように日蓮正宗への誹謗中傷や人権侵害を繰り返しており、特に前法主日顕を含む高僧に対しては、とりわけ激しい中傷が繰り返されている。
- Since Sokka Gakkai was excommunicated in 1990 (the official year of excommunication was in the following year, 1991), they spent much time and energy attacking Nichiren Shoshu Sect, and their point of view is that it is important to 'attack the opposition to Buddha,' and they repeatedly wrote slander and gossip or invasion of human rights in their in-house magazines such as the Seikyo newspaper, and there is repeated severe slander towards the high priest including former Hoshu, Nikken.
- 石上英一以来歴史学者の間で唱えられた蝦夷・隼人と日本人は同じ倭人(倭の地に住む人間)であるにも関わらず、日本という国家成立を急ぐために本来は全ての倭人を内国(内地)化・王民化しなければならない辺境の人民をいまだ支配できていない現実を隠蔽して、逆にそれを利用して内国の王民を統治・支配する「小帝国」を形成してきたとする見解が一定の支持を受けている。
- The following view given by Eiichi ISHIGAMI and other historians has been supported to a certain extent: under the circumstances, hastening to establish Japan as a nation by bringing all the people and lands in Japan under the Emperor's rule, although Emishi, Hayato and other Japanese were the same Wajin (people who lived in the Wa country [Japan]), the government concealed the reality that it was not yet able to control these frontier people, and making the best of a difficult situation, established a 'small empire' to include all people who were currently under the Emperor's control.
- 第一に、上記に掲げた太閤蔵入地約200万石、第二に、直轄領とした金山・銀山(佐渡国佐渡金山、石見国石見銀山、但馬国生野銀山)から上がる金銀の収益(金銀の収益を背景に、平安時代に発行された皇朝十二銭以来となる国内発行の貨幣(天正大判・天正通宝)を発行)、第三に、商業が発達した都市(大坂、堺、京都、伏見、長崎)を直轄地とすることから上がる収益であった。
- First, by gaining approximately two million koku from the land directly controlled by Taiko Hideyoshi; second, by gaining profits of gold and silver from gold and silver mines, which were part of Hideyoshi's directly controlled territories (Sado Gold Mine of Sado Province and Iwami Silver Mine of Iwami Province and Ikuno Silver Mine of Tajima Province) (Hideyoshi issued the new coins, 'Tensho-Oban' and 'Tensho Tsuho' after a long interval since 'Kocho-Junisen' (twelve coins casted in Japan) had been issued in the Heian period; third, gaining profits by directly controlling cities where commerce had developed (Osaka, Sakai, Kyoto, Fushimi and Nagasaki).
- 1260年にモンゴル帝国の第5代皇帝(ハーン、ハーン)に即位した後のいわゆる「元 (王朝)」(大元ウルス、大元朝、元朝)の皇帝クビライは、1268年(日本の文永5年・大元朝の至元 (元世祖)5年)に第2代皇帝オゴデイ以来の懸案であった南宋攻略を開始する一方、既に服属していた朝鮮半島の高麗を通じて、1266年に日本に初めて通交を求める使者を送ろうとしていた。
- Kublai, who in 1260 became the fifth emperor (Khan) of the Mongol Empire that was later called 'Yuan' (the Great Yuan Ulus, Great Yuan Dynasty or Yuan Dynasty), in 1266 planned to send the first envoys to establish diplomatic relations with Japan, through Goryeo in the Korean peninsula, which had already become its subject, while starting to conquer the Southern Sung Dynasty in 1268, which had been its long-standing aim since the reign of the second emperor Ogodei.
- 酒税法が制定された1940年以来、単式蒸留焼酎(乙種)は酒税の保全や過当競争防止等の理由にてムギ・米・サツマイモ・ソバの主要4品種については新規製造免許を認めない方針によって、製造の新規参入ができない状態が長らく続いていたが、聖域なき構造改革の一環として国税庁が2005年に規制緩和の見解を示し、一部地域・条件付きながら2006年以降に新規免許が認められる事となった。
- Since the Liquor Tax Law was established in 1940, to maintain the liquor tax and prevent a price war of single distilled shochu (group Otshu), for four major varieties of barley, rice, sweet potato, buckwheat admitting new manufacturing licenses were refused and production couldn't commence for a long time, but in 2005 as a part of structural reform without sanctuaries, the National Tax Agency presented its views on the relaxation of regulations and admitted new licenses from 2006 though it was limited in areas and with conditions.
- このとき、後三条天皇は院政を開始する意図を持っていたとする見解が慈円により主張されて(『愚管抄』)以来、北畠親房(『神皇正統記』)、新井白石(『読史余論』)、黒板勝美、三浦周行などにより主張されていたが、和田英松が、災害異変、後三条の病気、実仁親王 (平安時代)の立東宮の3点が譲位の理由であり院政開始は企図されていなかったと主張し、平泉澄が病気のみに限定するなど異論が出された。
- Because Jien asserted that Emperor Gosanjo at that time was intent upon initiating insei ('Gukansho'), Chikafusa KITABATAKE ('Jinno-Shoto-ki'), Hakuseki ARAI ('Tokushiyoron'), Katsumi KUROITA, Hiroyuki MIURA, etc., also supported such an assumption; however, there were different views, such as that of Hidematsu WADA, who asserted that the initiation of insei was not intended due to three reasons--disasters/accidents, Gosanjo's illness and Imperial Prince Sanehito's assumption of the position as the Crown Prince--which reasons were limited only to illness by Kiyoshi HIRAIZUMI.
- 泰盛与党として罹災したのは泰盛一族の他、小笠原氏、足利氏、伴野氏、伊東氏、武藤氏(少弐氏)、その他は藤原相範、吉良満氏、殖田又太郎(大江泰広)、小早川三郎左衛門、三科蔵人、天野景村、伊賀景家、二階堂行景、(大井)美作三郎左衛門、綱島二郎入道、池上藤内左衛門の尉、行方少二郎、南部孫二郎(政連?)、有坂三郎、鎌田弥藤二左衛門尉、秋山人々など、幕府創設以来の有力御家人層の多くが見られる。
- Victims of this battle among the members of Yasumori's party other than the Yasumori family were the Ogasawara clan, the Ashikaga clan, the Tomono clan, the Ito clan, and the Muto clan (Shoni clan) and many powerful gokenin since the foundation of Kamakura bakufu also suffered, such as Ainori FUJIWARA (藤原相範), Mitsuruuji KIRA, Matataro UETA (Yasuhiro Oe), Saburozaemon KOBAYAKAWA, Kurodo SANKA, Kagemura AMANO, Kageie IGA, Yukiie NIKAIDO, Mimasakasaburozaemon (OI) (美作三郎左衛門), Jironyudo TSUNASHIMA (綱島二郎入道), a lord of Tonaizaemon IKEGAMI (池上藤内左衛門), Shojiro YUKIKATA (行方少二郎), Magojiro (Masatsura?) NANBU, Saburo ARISAKA, Yatonisaemoni KAMATA (鎌田弥藤二左衛門尉), and Hitobito AKIYAMA (秋山人々).
- しかし、1907年以来の政府の皇族増加抑制策は、明治維新前後の時期に新たに興された各宮家が、いわゆる「四親王家」とは異なり、元来は世襲を予定しなかったにもかかわらず、天皇の「特旨」などによって漸次永世皇族に移行してゆき、結局、皇室典範での永世皇族制の成立に結びついた経緯への反省を踏まえたものでもあり、宮家の不足も生じていなかったことから天皇の大権を発動して例外をつくるケースが実際に発生したとは考えにくい。
- However, the government policy to halt the increasing numbers of Imperial members since 1907, was established after reflecting on the experience of each new Miyake established before and after the Meiji Restoration, that were different from the 'four Imperial Prince families' that were not originally planned as hereditary families, they gradually became the permanent Imperial Family by the order of the Emperor, since there was no shortage of Miyake, it is hard to think that there was a case when Emperor had to make an exception by using the Emperor's Taiken (Emperor's right).
- 大隈の大蔵卿在任時期は1873年10月25日 ‐ 1880年2月28日であるが、実際には1869年8月15日(旧暦明治2年7月8日 (旧暦))に近代大蔵省創立とともに大蔵大輔に就任して以来事実上の大蔵省の最高責任者であり、大蔵卿退任も伊藤博文が進めた「参議・省卿分離案」によって参議専念の合意が成立したこと(後任大蔵卿佐野常民は大隈直系)によるもので、実際には1881年10月11日の御前会議による参議免官(明治14年の政変)まで大蔵省及び日本財政の責任者であった。
- Okuma served as the Minister of the Treasury from October 25, 1873 to February 28, 1880, but he had effectively been the highest officer of the Ministry of Treasury since he assumed the post of senior assistant minister of the Ministry of Treasury upon the launch of the modern Ministry of Treasury on August 15, 1869, therefore he continued to be in charge of the Ministry of Treasury and the Japanese financial policy until he was dismissed as the councilor during a conference in the presence of the Emperor on October 11, 1881 (Political Change of 1881), however his resignation as the Minister of the Treasury was because an agreement to serve exclusively as a councilor was reached by 'Proposal to Separate Councilor and Minister' promoted by Hirobumi ITO (a successor Minister of the Treasury was Tsunetami SANO, Okuma's direct subordinate).
- 呼称は、柔術に対する講道館の柔道を参考に、明治32年に武術再興のため設立した大日本武徳会が江戸時代以来の剣術や撃剣を学校の体育教育に採用できるよう稽古法を改め、大和心(大和魂)など精神修行とする(高野佐三郎の歌にも「剣道は神の教えの道なれば やまと心をみがくこの技」とある)ため、名称を大正8年(1919年)ごろ剣道としたという記録に残っており、明治末から大正初期ごろに成立したものらしい(なお剣道という用語は、例えば寛文7年(1667年)安倍立伝書に剣術は日用の術なので剣道という号にするという表現がみえるなど、江戸時代にも流派によっては使われたこともある)。
- The name 'Kendo' seems to have been established in or around the end of Meiji period to the early Taisho period, as it recorded that Dai Nippon Butoku Kai, which was established in 1899 to restore Bujutsu, using examples from Jujutsu versus Judo of the Kodokan Judo Institute, established the Kendo name in around 1919 so that Kenjutsu and Gekken, which were handed down from the Edo period, would be introduced into physical education in the school system by changing the training methods and making it a form of mental training such as Yamato-gokoro (Japanese spirit) (Yamato-damashii [Japanese spirit]) (a poem of Sasaburo TAKANO describes, 'Kendo is a God-instructed way; this technique refines Yamato-gokoro') (the term 'Kendo' was used by some schools as early as the Edo period; for instance, Abe-tate densho (book) in 1667 described that since Kenjutsu was for daily use the name of Kendo would be used).