以: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 建物以外
- Yagura in other styles
- 上代以前
- Before Jodai (before the Nara period)
- 日本語以外
- Languages other than Japanese
- 燻乾法以前
- Before the age of the smoke seasoning method
- 飲食店以外
- Other than restaurants
- 平安時代以降
- Heian period and later
- In and after the Heian period
- Since the Heian period
- 以降で詳述。
- It is discussed in more detail below.
- 豚肉以外の角煮
- Kakuni other than pork
- 散楽戸廃止以降
- After the abolition of Sangaku-ko
- 三曲以外の三曲
- Sankyoku (the three instruments) used for other than sankyoku (sankyoku music)
- 飲用以外の用途
- Usage of green tea other than for drinking
- 日本以外の矢筒
- Quivers other than found in Japan
- 明治以降の切腹
- Seppuku since the Meiji period
- 音楽以外への影響
- Impact on things other than music
- 日本以外での事情
- Situations in countries other than Japan
- 日本以外での利用
- Consumption outside Japan
- 日本以外の年賀状
- Nengajo in other countries
- 菓子以外の利用方法
- The use of Konpeito other than candy
- 麦芽比率50%以上
- containing 50% malt or more
- 近代以降のスポーツ
- Sports after the modern times
- 見直されている所以
- Reasons to be reassessed
- 以後は盃事となる。
- After this, the drinking party starts.
- 作り方は以下の通り。
- The recipe for kompeito is as follows:
- 日本以外の機械仕掛け
- Mechanical dolls and the like seen in places other than Japan
- 工程は以下のとおり。
- The process is as follows:
- 日本以外でのカラスミ
- Karasumi in other countries
- 50%未満 25%以上
- containing less than 50% but more than 25% malt
- 以下は式の一部である。
- The following is the part of the ceremony.
- 以下はその派生である。
- The following are its derivatives.
- 特定名称酒以外の清酒。
- Seishu other than sake with a specific class name
- 主な工程は以下の通り。
- The main steps of this process are as follows:
- 植芝系以外の主な合気道
- Major forms of aikido other than the Ueshiba lineage
- (近世国学以来の新解釈)
- (A new interpretation resulting from the modern study of Japanese classical literature)
- 加工工程は、以下の通り。
- The preparation is as follows.
- 日本以外の地域のテリヤキ
- Teriyaki outside Japan
- 以下のような原因による。
- Because of the following reasons:
- 以下のような種類がある。
- Some types follow;
- Zonin had subcategories as below.
- 比較的新しい(近代以降)もの
- Amusement comparatively new (after the modern times)
- 明治以降に考案された結び方。
- It is a knot devised in the Meiji period.
- 根拠は、以下のとおりである。
- Their grounds are as follows.
- 話の内容は以下の通りである。
- The story is as follows.
- 以上などが柔術の源流である。
- These were the origin of jujutsu.
- 面紐が40cm以上あった場合
- If a contender's Men-himo string is 40 cm or longer;
- 日本での主要産地は以下のとおり
- The major production centers of fu in Japan are as follows:
- 2006年5月1日以降のもの。
- Tax rate since May 1, 2006.
- 関西風・広島風以外のお好み焼き
- Okonomiyaki except for Kansai-style or Hiroshima-style
- 『矢摺籐の長さは6cm以上。』
- 'The length of the Yazurido (Arrow slide binding) is longer than six centimeters.'
- 大きく分けると以下の通りとなる。
- They can be broadly classified into the following types:
- 古墳時代以前のものは遺跡も参照。
- For Japanese architecture before the Kofun period (tumulus period), also refer to remains.
- 背骨以外の片身を数十分、茹でる。
- Boil the filets (except for the backbone) for several tens of minutes.
- 江戸時代以降に製造が盛んになる。
- It has been actively produced since the Edo period.
- 官国幣社以外の民社でも行われた。
- It was held also by the other shrines separated from the state.
- 製造法の流れは以下の通りである。
- The production procedure is as follows;
- クジラ 江戸時代以前は魚肉に分類。
- Whale (classified as fish before the Edo period)
- 比較的古く(近世以前)からある娯楽
- Amusement existing comparatively from old times (before the early-modern times)
- それぞれの構造や特徴を以下に示す。
- Each structure and feature are shown below:
- 寛文の寒造り 延宝の寒造り以外の禁
- Sake made in the winter in the Kanbun era, Enpo prohibition of sake other than sake made in the winter
- 以下では「カツサンド」で統一する。
- In this section, we consistently spell the word in all katakana.
- 冬至の期間の七十二候は以下の通り。
- The following are the divisions of Shichijuni-ko that fall into the Toji period.
- 同法制定の理由は以下の4点である。
- There were four reasons for the establishment of the law.
- 春分の期間の七十二候は以下の通り。
- The 72 'climates' occurring during the Vernal Equinox are as follows:
- (参照:日本酒の歴史昭和時代以降)
- (Refer to 'History of Sake: Showa Period and On.')
- 淡路屋以外にも追随した業者がある。
- Some companies sell similar Ekiben following Awajiya's model.
- 秋分の期間の七十二候は以下の通り。
- The 72 'climates' occurring during the Shubun are as follows:
- 推察されている理由を以下に上げる。
- Expected reasons are as follows.
- 明治以降、諸外国に柔術が普及した。
- Since the Meiji period, jujutsu has spread to foreign countries.
- 花火取扱者以外の花火取り扱いは禁止
- Only people with fireworks' licenses may handle fireworks.
- 神詣以外の衣冠着用時に笏は持たない。
- You hold shaku (mace) only when you wear ikan to visit a shrine.
- 以後、麹造りは酒屋業の仕事の一部に。
- Since then, making rice malt was handled by sake breweries.
- 45歳以上と女性を必ず1人含むこと。
- Every group should include a person aged 45 or older, and a woman.
- 明治以降の箏曲に多大な影響を与えた。
- It greatly influenced sokyoku in Meiji period and later.
- 中規模以上の曲では頻繁に転調がある。
- In numbers exceeding medium length there are frequent key changes.
- 監査は以下のような項目で行なわれる。
- Examinations are conducted on the following items:
- それ以降も便宜的に受け付けてはいる。
- Nengajo are accepted after the period for the sake of convenience.
- 醤油製造は、以下の工程を経て行われる。
- The process of soy-sauce production is as follows.
- しかし、高校生以下では禁止されている。
- However, senior high school and younger students are not allowed to use it.
- 飲食店や大道芸以外の露天商を記載する。
- Rotensho other than restaurants and street performances are listed.
- 以後も順次付属施設が建てられていった。
- After that, additional buildings were constructed one after another.
- 春の七種とは以下の7種類の植物である。
- The seven herbs of spring comprise the following seven grasses:
- これを逆算すると、以下の式も得られる。
- By back calculating this formula, the following formula is obtained.
- 以後この日が、カレーの日とされている。
- Since this year, this day of a year has been Curry Day.
- 以降、近畿地方で多用されるようになった。
- It was commonly used ever since then.
- しかし、以前は関西が栽培の中心であった。
- Until then, however, the Kansai region had been the production center.
- 日本以外の国では主に肉の調理に使われる。
- In other countries, the technique is used mainly for cooking meat.
- 日本式の緑茶の製造は以下の工程からなる。
- Japanese green tea is produced by the following processes.
- 以下これまで問題になった具体例を挙げる。
- Following are some concrete examples of problematic behavior.
- 秋の七草は以下の7種の野草のことである。
- The seven flowers of autumn consist of the following seven wildflowers:
- 以下、行司、前頭、世話方、勧進元が続く。
- Subsequently, the list was followed by the introduction of gyoji (a sumo referee), maegashira (the fifth-highest sumo rank), sewagata (sponsor) and kanjinmoto (promoter).
- 日本の税法上はアルコール度数45%以下。
- It must have an alcoholic strength of forty-five percent volume or less according to the tax law.
- 糸引き納豆以外の種類は種類を参照のこと。
- For types other than itohiki-natto, refer to the corresponding section.
- 琴に分類される楽器には以下のものがある。
- The following instruments are categorized into Koto:
- 以下の表に、卵かけご飯の各栄養価を示した。
- Value of each nutrition is listed below.
- 葉書以外では、歳暮のお返しを行う事もある。
- Other than postcards, a return gift of an oseibo year-end gift could be sent too.
- これ以降、甘葛を用いる製法は廃れていった。
- Since then, the production method with amazura has become obsolete.
- これは、枝先の位置以外は半懸崖と似ている。
- These look similar to the semi-cascade, except for the position of the ends of the branches.
- 鶏肉以外に豚肉や牛肉で作られることもある。
- Other than chicken, pork and beef are also options.
- 年賀状の作成方法としては以下のものがある。
- Nengajo can be created in the following ways:
- また、以降の手順をあわてて行う必要もない。
- And it is not necessary to be in a hurry to perform the following procedures.
- 博多以外での地域でも岩山笠は運行されている。
- Iwa yamagasa are also used in regions other than Hakata.
- 「竹輪」以外に、魚偏に◎で「ちくわ」と読む。
- The Kanji characters for Chikuwa (竹輪) can also be written like 魚◎ (fish on the left with a ring on the right) and pronounce as chikuwa.
- この3尺8寸の寸法は明治以降も受け継がれた。
- The tradition of using shinai of 3 jaku 8 sun was maintained after the Edo period.
- 明治以前におけるもっとも一般的な下駄である。
- This was the most popular Geta before the Meiji period.
- 以下に例を示す(○は中り、×は外れを示す)。
- Examples are shown as follows (O means a hit and X means a miss).
- 江戸時代以前は上方と江戸では色が違っていた。
- During and before the Edo period, the color of used tokkuri was different in Kamigata (Kansai District) and Edo.
- 以上が金時神社に記された金太郎の伝説である。
- The above describes the legend of Kintaro as recorded in the Kintoki-jinja Shrine.
- 矢以外の投射物の使用(石や金属球や砲弾など)
- Making use of other things to throw or catapult (stone, metal ball, cannonball and so on)
- 日本以外では、蚊帳が普及しつつある地域もある。
- There are also areas outside of Japan where the use of mosquito nets is becoming widespread.
- 香を焚きて之を聞くに、初に聞きたるものを以て、
- A participant first listens to three types of incense which is given a number from 1 to 3; then, afterwards, a certain burning incense is brought before the participant.
- 数え年の計算例(新暦導入以前に亡くなった人物)
- The example of the calculation method of the age based on the traditional Japanese system (people who died before the new calendar was introduced)
- 八橋以後もこれらの形式による作曲が行なわれた。
- Composition of this type of music continued after the death of YATSUHASHI.
- 蒸留時に別途定められている物品以外を添加しない
- Not produced by adding substances other than those mentioned separately during distillation.
- 日本以外の国・地域における駅弁類似の食事セット
- Meal similar to Ekiben provided in countries and regions other than Japan
- 以後、岡山県を中心に普及したが、戦後は衰えた。
- Subsequently, it gained popularity centering on Okayama Prefecture, but it declined after the war.
- 表紙の色と内容によって以下のように分類される。
- Books were categorized as follows according to binding color and content:
- 既に15台以上の「オカラット」を納入している。
- More than 15 'Okarat' has already been delivered.
- 一級と二級は小学6年生以上が受審資格を有する。
- For the Kyu-i of Ikkyu and Nikyu, the sixth-grade pupils and above of elementary schools are eligible to take examinations.
- 六段以降は全日本剣道連盟が一括に主催して行う。
- The examinations for the Rokudan and higher levels are jointly held exclusively by the All Japan Kendo Federation.
- 高校生以上でも、この技を禁止とすることもある)
- This technique is sometimes prohibited even for high-school students or senior levels.
- 御所人形と称されたのは明治時代以降のことである。
- The term Gosho ningyo came into use after the Meiji Period.
- この習慣は明治以降に盛んになったと言われている。
- This custom is said to have flourished after the Meiji period.
- 以下の項目には近縁楽器の道具についても記述する。
- The following items also describe tools for related musical instruments.
- 「標準」(濃口 1.2%以上、淡口 0.95%)
- Standard (koikuchi 1.2% or higher, usukuchi 0.95%)
- 「特級」(濃口 1.5%以上、淡口 1.15%)
- Special grade (koikuchi 1.5% or higher, usukuchi 1.15%)
- 連続的中をしなくても以下の場合はBが勝ちである。
- None of the players has consecutively hit the target in the following example, but the winner is still B.
- 明治以降尺八が参入して、現在では尺八も含まれる。
- Sankyoku has included shakuhachi since Meiji period.
- 左記以外煮汁に味を付けることは基本的にはしない。
- Basically the soup is not seasoned other than the above.
- この項目では25%以下の発泡酒についてとり扱う。
- In this section, low-malt beer containing less than 25% malt will be explained.
- 「上級」(濃口 1.35%以上、淡口 1.05%)
- High-grade (koikuchi 1.35% or higher, usukuchi 1.05%)
- 個人の部(総合・45歳以上・女性)もタイムで決定。
- The individual divisions are further categorized into three (the general section, the aged-45-or-older section, and the women's section), and runners are ranked according to their time in each section.
- 一つは『大隅国風土記』逸文(713年以降)である。
- The first is the description in the itsubun (a composition that previously existed but no longer remains) of 'Osumi no Kuni Fudoki' (the topography of Osumi Province) (written after 713).
- 土が持ち込めない場所では土以外の素材が用いられる。
- Materials other than dirt are used where dirt cannot be carried in.
- 近代短歌以後、「遊び」の要素が嫌われて一旦廃れた。
- In the modern era when the tanka (a form of Japanese poetry, consisting of five lines of 5, 7, 5, 7 and 7 syllables) became dominant, the uta-awase contest went out of fashion and became obsolete because its entertaining element was shunned,.
- 加熱方法の違いにより、以下のように呼び分けられる。
- It is given one of various names according to the way it's heated, as follows:
- 入室には全身の消毒が必要で、関係者以外は入れない。
- To enter the room, whole body sterilization is required and none other than people concerned are allowed to enter the room.
- 以後、敗戦に至るまで剣道は国民的に浸透し隆盛した。
- After that, Kendo spread throughout the nation and prospered until Japan's defeat in the war.
- 以来、三年ごとに世界剣道選手権大会を開催している。
- Since then, it has held the World Kendo Championships every three years.
- 以上の根底となるべき、優れた人物のそなえる霊的能力。
- The spiritual ability possessed by a remarkable individual which should form the basis of the above.
- 一般的に3万石以下の城を持たない大名が陣屋を持った。
- In general a daimyo with an income of less than 30,000 goku and didn't have a castle owned a jinya.
- 醤油と砂糖以外には照り焼きのタレとの共通点は少ない。
- Other than soy sauce and sugar, there are few ingredients common between the American teriyaki sauce and the Japanese one.
- 二代宗善は堺市に住み、三代宗全以降は京都に定着した。
- Sozen the second lived in Sakai City, and Sozen the third and the subsequent generations have lived in Kyoto.
- なお、日本以外の国ではめったにおしぼりを見かけない。
- The custom of serving hand towels is rarely practiced in countries other than Japan.
- 以下、棒状の「匂い線香」を例にとって製法を解説する。
- The following are the production process of 'aromatic Senko' in the shape of a stick.
- 天然物の生産量の95パーセント以上を北海道が占める。
- Hokkaido accounts for more than 95 percent of the production of natural kelp.
- 以上の分類にあてはまらない用語には、次のものがある。
- Terms which do no fit to the above-mentioned classifications are as follows:
- 明治以前はこの行事は歌垣などの風習に結びついていた。
- Before the Meiji period, the Bon festival dance related to other customs, such as utagaki (a religious event of ancient times, at which people exchanged forms of poetic verses such as waka, a form of Japanese poem consisting of 32 syllables).
- これをわかりやすくチャートにすると以下のようになる。
- This can be charted for easy reference as follows:
- 舞楽以外には神社・寺院での伝統芸能などでも用いられる。
- Besides gagaku, they are also used in traditional arts performed at shrines and temples.
- 番茶の名称の由来としては以下の2つの説が知られている。
- There are two theories mentioned below regarding the origin of the name 'bancha.'
- 原料として、カツオ以外にマグロ、サバを使うこともある。
- Other than bonito, tuna and mackerel may be used.
- しかし明治以降は書籍として公刊される機会も多くなった。
- However, konarai has been published as a book several times since the Meiji period.
- アル添酒の1つである吟醸酒についても、以降記述しない。
- Description is not made for Ginjoshu, either, which is a kind of sake with distilled alcohol added.
- 以下、一般的な温度表現として日本酒の記事より転載する。
- In following part, descriptions of article about Japanese sake is reprinted as general expressions for temperatures.
- 以来、武田流弓馬道を名乗り鎌倉市に所在し活動している。
- After that, they have been announcing themselves as the Takeda School of Horseback Archery and operating in Kamakura City.
- 几帳(きちょう)は、平安時代以降公家の邸宅に使われた。
- The 'Kicho' screen was used by nobles in their residences from the Heian period.
- 中国と台湾には大豆以外にリョクトウ、黒豆の豆乳もある。
- In China and Taiwan, soymilk is made from green beans and black beans in addition to soybeans.
- 3月以後も期間を限定して販売する方針であることも示唆。
- It suggested its policy of selling gyudon for a limited period in and after March.
- 酒造りに用いられる酒造用水は、以下のように分類される。
- Shuzo yosui used for sake brewing is classified as follows:
- 目指す酒質によって、麹造りには以下のような方法がある。
- Depending on the target sake quality, a method for producing koji is chosen from the following:
- 日本酒の器以外にも用いられる日本の伝統的な食器である。
- Katakuchi is a traditional eating utensil in Japan which is also used for purposes other than as a container for sake.
- 以下の地域では、納豆と似た大豆発酵食品が製造されている
- In the following regions, soybean-based fermented foods similar to natto are sold.
- 弓以外で矢を飛ばす方法(吹き矢や投げ矢(ダーツ)など)
- Ways to shoot an arrow other than with a bow (blowguns, darts, and so on)
- またタコ以外にチーズなどを具にしたものも登場している。
- Some takoyaki contain cheese instead of octopus.
- 以後、インスタントカレールウの主流は固形タイプになる。
- Since then, the solid type became the mainstream of instant curry roux products.
- 14世紀以降、西欧では何度か大きな文化的な変革が起きた。
- Repeated large-scale cultural transformations had occurred in Western Europe since around the 14th century.
- 以下、本項では特に断らない限り、割竹刀について説明する。
- The following describes warijinai unless otherwise mentioned.
- なお、「幻の酒」と呼ばれる製品はそれ以後無数に出てくる。
- In addition, innumerable products called 'phantom sake' have appeared since then.
- 廃刀令以降、刀工は困窮し、中には偽銘を始めるものもいた。
- After the decree banning the wearing of swords was promulgated, some sword craftsmen straitened and started making swords with Gimei.
- 元久年間(1204~1205)以降次第に行われなくなる。
- In the years following the Genkyu era (1204-1205), 'Kokasagake' archery slowly disappeared.
- しかし日本以外の国にこの様な問題が全く無いわけではない。
- However, this kind of phenomenon is not always limited to Japan but can also be seen in countries other than Japan.
- 梅雨明けから立秋の間に送り、それ以降は残暑見舞いとなる。
- It is sent from the end of the rainy season till risshu (the first day of autumn) and after that it changes to zanshomimai (late-summer greeting card).
- 当然、これほど長い髪を維持するのは想像以上の労力を使う。
- It certainly took more trouble than expected to maintain such long hair.
- 明治改暦以降は新暦の11月15日に行われるようになった。
- After the revision of the calendar during the Meiji period, the ritual was practiced on November 15 of the new calendar.
- この日に参詣すると、普段以上の御利益があると信じられた。
- It was believed that one would receive more blessing than usual if he or she visited a shrine or temple on these days.
- 明治時代以降に靴が普及するまで、日本で広く使用されていた。
- Zori were worn widely in Japan until shoes became widespread following the Meiji Restoration in the mid-nineteenth century.
- この美人画の分類は、明治以前の絵画まで遡って対象とされた。
- The category of bijinga applied retroactively to the paintings before the Meiji period.
- 衣冠(いかん)は平安時代以降の貴族や官人の宮中での勤務服。
- Ikan is the work clothes of nobles and government officials in the Imperial Court after the Heian period.
- 生麩や焼き麩は、料理以外に、菓子として用いられる事がある。
- Nama-fu and yaki-fu are sometimes used to make confectioneries in addition to being used in cooking.
- ルーツは同じであるものの、近世以降は明確に区別されている。
- Though they share the same root, these two have been clearly separate since the late 16th century.
- 客に出すとき以外は通常の扱いとなるので天目茶碗は使えない。
- Tenmoku chawan cannot be used in times other than serving to a guest because it should be treated in an ordinary way.
- 以後、麹造りは酒屋業の一工程へと吸収合併された形となった。
- After that, rice malt making was absorbed as a process of the sake brewing industry.
- なお、後には章の最初以外の朔旦冬至も祝われるようになった。
- But, later Sakutan Toji that did not occur at the beginning of a chapter also came to be celebrated.
- 明治以降、産業革命の波がしだいに日本の醸造業にもおよんだ。
- Since the Meiji period, a new wave of industrial revolution had been gradually affecting the brewing industry in Japan.
- この時期の利用者は酒の飲める世代、つまり20代以上である。
- At that time, the users were the generations allowed to drink alcohol, or those in their 20's and over.
- 卵殻が硬化するので、海水かそれ以上の濃度の塩水を使うこと。
- The egg membrane will harden in fresh water so sea water or water even saltier than sea water is used.
- こうして純米酒以外の日本酒が主流を占める時代が長く続いた。
- Accordingly, the era, in which sake other than junmaishu was the mainstream, lasted for a long time.
- 造りの良い純米酒など、吟醸酒以外にも感じられることは多い。
- It is often felt from other sake which elaborately produced junmaishu rather than ginjoshu.
- 江戸時代以降の正座で痺れを切らしたときに自然と座る事が多い。
- This style is often used when the legs fell asleep due to sitting in the post-Edo period seiza style for a certain period of time.
- これ以外にも、「幕の内側で役者が食べるから」という説もある。
- There are other explanations for the origin of the name: one is that makunouchi means 'behind curtains,' describing where actors ate their bento.
- 平清盛の宋 (王朝)との貿易以降、日宋貿易が盛んに行われた。
- After trading with the Sung by TAIRA no Kiyomori, the trade between Japan and the Sung Dynasty in China was performed actively.
- また、宝船が描かれた図には以下の回文歌が書かれることがある。
- On the picture that depicts Takarabune, a kaibunka (palindrome) may be written as follows.
- (差し引き分以上の場合もあれば、小銭程度であったりもする。)
- It can be larger than the balance, or it can be as small as change.
- 他に乱れ桐・桐菱・光琳桐・桐車など140種以上の桐紋がある。
- There are more than 140 kinds of Kiri-mon such as Midaregiri (wild paulownia), Kiribishi (diamond and paulownia), Koringiri (Korin's paulownia), and Kiriguruma (paulownia and circle).
- 更に、当時箏が江戸中期以来、三味線の後続として発展していた。
- Furthermore in those days, the koto had developed as a sequel to the shamisen since the middle of the Edo period and still had room for development.
- これを境に以後の劇場では専ら椅子席が採用されるようになった。
- Since then, newly constructed theaters have adopted chair seats exclusively.
- 以下に産業となっていくカラオケの詳しい歴史が記述されている。
- Detailed history of karaoke that grew into an industry is described below.
- 穂重型で、稈長は五百万石より10cm以上短い短稈品種である。
- It's a heavy-ear type and a variety with a stem that's more than ten centimeters shorter than that of Gohyakumangoku.
- アルコール度数が連続式で36度未満、単式で45度以下を下回る
- It must be less than thirty-six percent volume in case of being distilled by a continuous still and must have an alcoholic strength of 45% vol or less in case distilled by a pot still.
- 江戸時代以降は、京都にある一軒の古い工房のみで作られている。
- In and after the Edo period, such heishi was produced by only one old craft center in Kyoto.
- 小麦粉に適量の水を入れ、3時間以上冷蔵庫で寝かせ生地を作る。
- Put a moderate amount of water into some flour and let it stand in a refrigerator for more than three hours and make the dough.
- 排他的経済水域設定以後は海域の規制により日本産原料が減った。
- Since the exclusive economic zone has been set, Japan's domestic production of raw material for tarako has decreased due to the regulations imposed on the sea zones.
- 詳しい分類は捕具の室町時代以前の捕具:木矢・木鏃の項を参照。
- For a more intimate classification, see the description on Kiya and mokuzoku in the section of hogu before the Muromachi period in the article of hogu.
- 伝統的なイカの塩辛は、大きく分けて以下の3種類に分類できる。
- Traditional salted squids can be roughly classified into the following three.
- 近代以前は一般的に世襲され、現在でもその傾向がきわめてつよい。
- Before modern times, the position was generally hereditary, and this trend continues today.
- 地蔵菩薩は中近世以降子供の守り神として信仰されるようになった。
- Jizo Bosatsu became to be revered as guardian of children after the medieval period.
- しかしそれより以前に、大陸から渡っていた可能性も否定できない。
- However, the possibility that it arrived from the Asian continent earlier than the above cannot be denied.
- 民俗学や文化人類学において「ハレとケ」という場合、以下である。
- In folklore and cultural anthropology, 'hare and ke' mean the following.
- 幹数は奇数が好まれており、2本以外の偶数は嫌われるので避ける。
- Bonsai with an odd number of trunks are preferred, while those with an even number of trunks are unpopular and avoided, except for twin trunk bonsai.
- さらに下って昭和54年以降は5%前後で推移していくことになる。
- After 1979, in more recent times, it has been kept at about five percent.
- それ以後の吟醸酒の展開については「吟醸酒の普及」を参照のこと。
- As to the development of ginjoshu after that, see the section of 'the spread of ginjoshu.'
- 通常、香の物は数に含まれないため主食以外が「一汁一菜」となる。
- The items excluding the staple food constitute 'ichiju-issai,' because ko no mono is not usually counted.
- 此の如くして、鑑識し得たるの多少を以て勝敗を為すなり。とある。
- The participant who is able to guess these incenses more correctly than others becomes the winner.
- 大獅子では獅子を操作する人以外に囃子方も胴体に入って演奏する。
- In the big lion type, 'hayashikata' (people who play 'hayashi,' or musical accompaniment) get into the body part of the lion along with the costume swinger.
- 以後の芝居小屋では土間にもさまざまな段差をつけるようになった。
- Following the example of the Nakamura-za Theater, other playhouses established later were equipped with doma at various different levels.
- 以後吉沢検校らに受け継がれて、次第にこの傾向が発展していった。
- It was then passed on to Kengyo Yoshizawa, and the development gradually took on this trend.
- これ以外にも、牛乳を使う料理で、豆乳を代用にできるものも多い。
- Other than that, soymilk can substitute for milk in many dishes.
- 以後、冷涼な他県のための新しい品種を生み出す親株となっていく。
- Eventually, it became a parent that gave birth to new varieties for the cold districts of other prefectures.
- 歴史的にみれば大正時代以前の生産形態へ回帰しているともいえる。
- From a historical point of view, we can say that the production system returned to its form in the Taisho period or earlier.
- 重量は加工前のカツオの20%以下となり、「枯節」の完成となる。
- The fillet's weight becomes less than 20% of what it was before processing, and this process completes the production of 'karebushi.'
- 特定名称以外にも、特徴的な原料や製法によって様々な分類がある。
- Other than specific name, there are various classifications by characteristic raw materials or manufacturing method.
- 通常は少量ずつ作り、1週間以内程度で使い尽くした方が望ましい。
- It is generally recommended to make a small amount of yuzu kosho each time, and that it be consumed within approximately a week.
- 以下、狭義の「真子の塩漬け」を意味するたらこについて記述する。
- Set forth below is the explanation about tarako of the narrow sense which means 'salted mako.'
- 日本的なカレーライスは、日本以外の国でもある程度普及している。
- Japanese-style curry and rice is popular to some extent in countries other than Japan.
- しかし山笠の分化以後は人形師が飾りの配置を構成するようになった。
- However, after the differentiation into two types of yamakasa, doll makers came to arrange ornaments instead of painters.
- ただし上記以外にも油物(揚げ物)や蒸し物、鍋物が出ることがある。
- Beside those dishes listed above, aburamono (grilled food), steamed foods and nabemono (a one-pot dish) may also be served.
- 全国的に新潟の酒が売れ始めたのは、これを以って嚆矢とされている。
- It was at this time when the sake of Niigata began to be sold all over the country.
- 713年以降 逸文に口嚼ノ酒(くちかみのさけ)に関する記述あり。
- Written after 713: There is a description on kuchikami no sake in itsubun.
- 中心から 金色(黄)半径10cm(10点)、以下各々幅10cm。
- A gold (or yellow) circle with a radius of 10 centimeters is in the center (10 points), and the other rings are with a width of 10 centimeters.
- 山頂の白亜殿が建てられる以前は、本館が光瑞の活動の中心であった。
- Before Hakuaden was built at the top of the mountain, Kozui conducted most of his activities in the main building.
- 千家に出入りするようになったのはこの了全以降だと考えられている。
- It is believed that they established a relationship with Senke in or after the time of Ryozen.
- 「御仏前」は、四十九日(七七日忌)以後の法要で用いるのが一般的。
- The words 'Gobutsuzen (御仏前)' are commonly used at Buddhist memorial services held on and after the forty-ninth day after the death.
- 江戸後期以降は眉を剃る、または抜いたあと眉を描かない場合が多い。
- From the late Edo period and on, eyebrows were left undrawn after they were shaved or pulled out.
- 平安朝の姫君たちの髪の長さは短い人でも2メートル以上は軽くある。
- Daughters of high-ranking officials in the Heian court easily had hair longer than at least two meters.
- また環境温度が5℃以下でないと打瀬ができないという難物でもある。
- Additionally, the yamaoroshi-haishi-moto is difficult to use since the utase (a part of the brewing process) can not be performed without maintaining the environmental temperature below 5 degrees Celsius.
- また合の手は三曲のみならずそれ以外の三味線音楽や琵琶楽にもある。
- Ainote can be found not only in the instrumental trio but also in other shamisen music and biwagaku (Japanese lute music).
- それ以降、ほとんどの地方で成人式はこの日に行われるようになった。
- Thereafter, the Seijin-shiki ceremony came to be held on this day in most regions throughout Japan.
- 明治以降には生田流系箏曲とともに東京にも再進出、急速に広まった。
- After the Meiji period it expanded again to Tokyo with the Ikutaryu school of so (koto, or Japanese zither) music, and it spread quickly.
- 下記以外にもたこ焼き、焼きそば、磯部など日常見かける屋台も並ぶ。
- In addition to the street stalls mentioned below, familiar stalls selling food such as takoyaki (octopus dumplings), yakisoba (Japanese fried noodle) and isobe (grilled mochi wrapped in dried seaweed) are set up.
- 「鰹節」の称は燻製法ができる江戸時代以前から既に用いられている。
- The name 'katsuobushi' was used even before the Edo period, when the smoke seasoning method was invented.
- 室内蛍光灯など、日光以外の光線に長時間さらされていても発生する。
- It also occurs through exposure for a long time period to a light beam other than sunshine such as fluorescent lamp for indoor use.
- 原料重量の 1,000分の1 以下の場合、原料として扱われない。
- If the weight is less than one thousandth of that of raw materials, it is not treated as a raw material.
- 以前は能舞台は神社等に作られ、舞台の屋根が青天井に晒されていた。
- Noh stages were used to be built in shrines and the like, and the roof of the stage was exposed to the sky.
- 以下の表は樹木における花と葉の割合による主な呼び名の一覧である。
- The following table shows the major terms used to represent the status of blooming and the Hazakura of cherry trees, as well as their specific meanings (ratio of blossoms to leaves).
- 大きさ、形状、厚みなど、豆腐以上に地域差があるのが油揚げである。
- Like tofu, aburaage has a variety of sizes, shapes, thickness and other characteristics, according to the region.
- 2000年以降、近畿地方以外に展開するチェーン店が増加している。
- Since 2000, an increasing number of takoyaki restaurant chains have begun to expand into regions other than Kinki.
- 伝説の内容は伝承によって多少異なるが、おおむね以下のとおりである。
- The legend has some variant traditions, but its basic story is as follows:
- 極一部の居合術流派(江戸時代以来の流派)は鞘木刀で稽古をしている。
- A very small portion of iai-jutsu schools (those founded since the Edo period) practice with saya bokuto.
- 1990年代以降は、地域の特性を生かした酒米や酵母の開発が進んだ。
- After the 1990s, the development of rice for sake brewing and yeasts which utilized the characteristics of each place were promoted.
- これ以後はむしろ復活への試みと努力が歴史の表に出てきたのであった。
- After that, attention was paid to the trial and efforts for restoration.
- 風流(ふりゅう)とは、中世以後の日本において高揚した美意識の1つ。
- Furyu is one of the aesthetic values that became popular after the Middle Ages in Japan.
- ただ近代以降、こういった矯正が実のないものという見方も増えてきた。
- Since the modern age in Japan, however, people have increasingly viewed this custom of correction of children as fruitless.
- 地歌以外の三味線音楽は三曲に含まれず、基本的に三曲合奏も行わない。
- Shamisen music other than jiuta is not included in sankyoku, nor played in the sankyoku gasso.
- 晩年に天明の大火に遭い、過去帳1冊以外のすべての家伝・家財を消失。
- In his later years, Joeki lost everything including the articles handed down within the family and all the household effects, except for a copy of the family register of deaths, in the Great Fire of Tenmei.
- 厳密な区分ではないが、比較的知られたほうじ茶の種類を以下列挙する。
- The general classification of the more well-known types of hojicha is as follows.
- 1951年以降は正式には酒造好適米(しゅぞうこうてきまい)という。
- Since 1951, it has officially been designated as shuzo kotekimai.
- 一般的な主原料(糖蜜、麦などの穀類)以外を主原料に用いた甲類焼酎。
- Shochu group Ko using major ingredients other than common ingredients like molasses, barley and other cereals
- 国税庁の清酒の製法品質表示基準による任意記載事項は、以下のとおり。
- Arbitrary items to be denoted, provided for in the Standards for Manufacturing Methods and Quality Indication for Sake for the National Tax Agency, are as follows:
- 一年以上貯蔵・熟成された清酒には、貯蔵年数を表示することができる。
- If sake is stored and matured for one year or longer, the number of years of storage may be denoted.
- 逆に、これが消えていくのを以って酒の熟成度を舌で測ることもできる。
- Contrarily, the degree of maturity of sake by tongue checking to see if shurenmi has disappeared or not.
- しかしその食べ方は、関西とそれ以外の出身の人たちでは大きく異なる。
- However, eating habits are very different between Kansai people and others.
- のちにはこれ以降の草双紙を黄表紙として青本と区別するようになった。
- Later, the kusazoshi style illustrated pulp books pubished afterwards came to be called yellow bound books and differentiated from blue book genre.
- それ以降の時期で単に葉が茂っている状態の桜を葉桜と呼ぶことはない。
- Cherry trees with leaves after this season are not called Hazakura.
- 現在一般に知られている一寸法師のあらすじは、以下のようなものである。
- The storyline of Issunboshi that is currently known to the general public is as follows.
- これ以降は、特に断り書きをしない場合は、日本での夏祭りについて扱う。
- Hereinafter, the term natsumatsuri refers to the summer festivals held in Japan.
- 汁粉には種類も多く、こうした基本的なものの他に以下のような物がある。
- There are various types of shiruko including the ones as described below in addition to those basic varieties that have been previously mentioned.
- 以下は、2004年現在でも延年が行われている寺社や地域の一覧である。
- The following is the list of temples and regions where Ennen is performed as of 2004.
- 特に日本人以外の人が、日本で食事をする時に判りやすいように紹介する。
- This section is specially written to help non-Japanese people to easily understand and practice the manners when they take dinner in Japan.
- このころ以前は、新酒よりも、古酒が圧倒的に高級とされ値段も高かった。
- In the earlier period, the quality of well-cured sake was said to be overwhelmingly higher and the price was more expensive than those of new sake.
- 以下に挙げるのは、日本における映画の初公開(映写機別)の詳細である。
- The details of those movies released for the first time in Japan are shown below, and they are classified according to the projector used for the movie.
- また立后のときは唐衣と表着に白を用いるのが平安中期以降の慣例である。
- Wearing white karaginu and omotegi (outer clothes) for the investiture of the Crown Princess was a customary practice after the mid-Heian Period.
- そのために、安全に対する以下の設備が、一般に弓道場では行われている。
- Therefore, safety equipment including the following is generally installed in the kyudojo.
- (新陰流以外では牛革や紙縒などで作った鍔を付けた物が多く用いられる)
- Other schools frequently use a fukuro shinai equipped with a tsuba made from cowhide, koyori (string made from twisted paper), or other materials.
- 地下茎は保存に向いていないため、それ以外の部分が使用される事が多い。
- Because the underground roots of wasabi aren't suitable for preserving, other parts of wasabi are normally used for these products.
- - 牛丼太郎以上に牛丼ファンにとっては知る人ぞ知る存在のチェーン店。
- It is a chain which is not generally known but loved better than Gyudontaro by gyudon fans.
- さらに「米麹」の総重量は、白米の総重量に対して15%以上必要である。
- It is also required that the total weight of 'malted rice' is fifteen or more of the total weight of polished rice.
- さかのぼって江戸時代以前は、「一盃」はれっきとした容積単位であった。
- Going back to the Edo period or before, 'ippai' was a unit for volume.
- 内臓に含まれる酵素以外に、発酵を促進するために麹を加える場合もある。
- For the purpose of facilitating fermentation, koji (malted rice) is sometimes added, besides enzymes included in the guts.
- それ以前の巨匠たちが紹介され、評価されるのはもう少しあとのことになる。
- It was a little later when masters who had produced works prior to those painters were introduced to Europe and became appreciated.
- 最近は、様々な薬味やトッピング、また醤油以外の調味料を使う場合がある。
- Recently, various toppings and seasonings other than soy sauce may be used.
- 明治以降になってからは、幕の内弁当は駅弁の様式のひとつとして広まった。
- After the Meiji period, Makunouchi-bento spread as one style of ekiben (a bento sold on a train or at a station).
- ただし、明治以降にもいくつかの民間団体は盲官の名称を用いることがある。
- But after the Meiji Restoration, there are some instances that some private organizations used the names of mokan (blind official).
- 幹が2本のものを双幹、3本のものを三幹、五本以上のものを株立ちと呼ぶ。
- Bonsai with two trunks are called Sokan (twin trunks), those with three trunks are called Sankan (triple trunks) and those with five or more trunks are called Kabudachi (clumps).
- 近代以前はいわゆる科学的再現性が酒造りにおいてはつねに大問題であった。
- Before modern times, what we call scientific reproducibility had always been a big problem for sake brewing.
- 消費者が、以前の良質な日本酒には見向きもしなくなっていたからでもある。
- This was also because consumers took no notice of the former good quality sake.
- 以降、国産ワインの需要も少なく各地で細々とつくられているだけであった。
- Afterwards the demand for domestic wine decreased and only a few viticulturists remained to produce wine in various places.
- 江戸時代中期、徳川吉宗により復興を見るが、明治維新以降は再び衰退する。
- In the mid Edo period, a revival of horseback archery was seen under Yoshimune TOKUGAWA; however, following the Meiji restoration, it once again fell into decline.
- 一般的な参拝方法の大きな流れは、神社・寺院とも以下のようなものである。
- The major steps in the procedure of sanpai to a shrine or a temple are generally as follows:
- 明治改暦以降は、新暦8月1日や月遅れで9月1日に行われるようになった。
- Since Meiji kaireki (changing of calendar in the Meiji period), hassaku has been celebrated on August 1 or one month later on September 1 (both by the solar calendar.)
- 以後現在に至るまで、この平調子は箏のもっとも基本の調弦法とされている。
- Thereafter, the hirajoshi method has remained as the standard tuning method for the koto.
- 以下、立春の前日の節分、およびその日に行われる各種行事について述べる。
- In the following explanation the term setsubun is used to mean the day before the beginning of spring, referring to various events to be held on that day.
- 最も一般的なお好み焼きのメニュー「豚玉」の基本的な作り方を以下に示す。
- As the most common menu for okonomiyaki, the basic way of cooking 'butatama' (savoury pancake with pork) is shown below.
- 以下に、現時点で能楽協会会員となる資格を付与されうる流派の一覧を示す。
- A list of schools that are currently eligible to be a member of the Nohgaku Performers' Association is shown below.
- (以上の技は最大公約数的なものであり、流派や道場によって細部は異なる。
- (The techniques above are common denominators, and the details vary among the various schools and dojo.
- -18℃以下であれば3年間以上保存しても品質が大きく劣化することはない。
- If it is kept at below -18℃, the quality will not change greatly even if it is kept for more than 3 years.
- その後も餡を挟む方法に改良が加えられ、明治以降に現在の形の皮が完成した。
- The way of filling the bean jam was improved since then, and the form of the present thin crisp wafers was completed in the Meiji period or later.
- 室町時代以降は徐々に衰退していき、江戸時代にはほとんど行われなくなった。
- Ennen declined gradually after the Muromachi period and was rarely performed in the Edo period.
- 日本発祥のもの以外でも、日本に深く根付いているものはこの記事に含まれる。
- This section also includes any culture which has been rooted deeply in Japan but has not been born in Japan.
- ちなみにはそうめんは1.3mm未満、1.7mm以上はうどんと分類される。
- Incidentally, somen noodles and udon noodles are classified as under 1.3 mm and over 1.7 mm in diameter, respectively.
- 以降、「永樂」の印章を用いると共に12代・和全の代から永樂姓を名乗った。
- The family has used the Eiraku seal from that time onwards and Wazen the 12th began to use the family name of Eiraku.
- 徳島県勝浦町より譲り受けた7千体を含む計3万体以上のひな人形が飾られる。
- A total of more than 30,000 hina dolls are displayed, including 7,000 dolls that were donated by Katsuura-cho, Tokushima Prefecture.
- 獅子頭は通常木製(桐製)であり、獅子以外に竜頭のものや鹿頭のものもある。
- Shishigashira is usually made from wood (paulownia), and besides shishigashira, there also exists the headgear of a dragon and deer.
- また福岡県以外の地域では、追加の出汁として昆布を鍋底に敷いたものもある。
- In regions other than Fukuoka Prefecture, konbu (a kind of kelp used for Japanese soup stock) is laid in the bottom of pot as an additional stock.
- 江戸時代以降も「下り諸白」などのように上級酒をあらわす語として使われた。
- The term had been used for a high-grade sake such as 'kudari-morohaku' in and after the Edo period.
- カラオケという言葉が普及する以前は「空演奏」と表現されることが多かった。
- Before the word 'karaoke' became common, it was usually expressed as 'kara enso (literally meaning empty performance).'
- 山上憶良が詠んだ以下の2首の歌がその由来とされている(2首目は旋頭歌)。
- It is believed that the origin of the seven flowers of autumn comes from the following two poems written by YAMANOUE no Okura (the second poem is Sendoka (a type of waka)).
- 早くから、うどん、親子丼など牛丼以外のメニューに力を入れていたのが特徴。
- Its characteristics are that it has long focused on the menus other than gyudon--for example, oyako-don (bowl of rice with chicken and eggs, literally, parent and child rice bowl)
- もともとは宮中で行われていた儀式だったが、江戸時代以降庶民にも広まった。
- Kakizome was originally a ceremony held in the Imperial Court, but after the Edo period it became popular among ordinary citizens.
- そして、その選択と方向性や発展は、日本と日本以外では大きく違っていった。
- And the selection, direction and development were greatly differentiated between Japan and other countries.
- 食用の海苔は、分類学的には以下のような互いに疎遠なグループに分けられる。
- Taxonomically, edible algae are categorized in mutually distant groups, as follows:
- 平安時代以降、卵は神仏に供えるものであり、食べると罰が当たるとされていた。
- In the Heian period and later, eggs were offered to deities and Buddha, and it was believed that one who ate an egg would be punished.
- 舁き手の服装は博多では明治以降は水半天にふんどし締め込みと決められている。
- Since the Meiji period there has been a rule in Hakata that a kakite (carrier) must wear a mizu hanten (traditional short coat as worn at festivals) and a fundoshi shimekomi.
- 6月以前の祭りは「初夏」の時期であっても「夏祭り」と呼ばれることは少ない。
- Any festival held before June, even though it is in 'early summer', is hardly called 'Natsumatsuri'.
- アオノリ類以外にアナアオサなどのアオサ(Ulva)の海藻も併用されている。
- Ulva such as Ulva pertusa Kjellman is also used in combination with green lavers.
- 狭義には明治以降のものであるが、それ以前のものにも拡張して呼ぶことがある。
- Nihon-ga is narrowly defined as those paintings created after the Meiji period but it sometimes also refers those before that period.
- しかし江戸時代以降に伝わった地域の萬歳は、大体継承過程を明らかにしている。
- However, in the region where the manzai was introduced after the Edo period, the process of tradition is mostly elucidated.
- 10代以降は永樂(えいらく)姓を名乗り、土風炉に加えて茶陶を制作している。
- They have been under the family name of Eiraku from the 10th generation onwards, and have made tea bowls as well as doburo.
- 以下に日本酒の記事より抜粋して、日本酒を燗した時に関連する用語を説明する。
- In the following, we describe the terms related with warming sake, excerpted from the article of Japanese sake.
- 18~20歳以上の未婚女性(お歯黒を付けても引眉する場合としない場合有り)
- Unmarried women from age 18 to age 20 (even when applying ohaguro, hikimayu was optional).
- 室町時代以降は殿上眉の位置はさらに高くなり、能面にも写されるようになった。
- From the Muromachi period on, the position of the tenjo-mayu became still higher, and the eyebrow style came to be incorporated into Noh masks.
- 生まれた時点を「1歳」とし、以降元日(1月1日)を迎えるごとに1歳加える。
- A child is counted as one year old at birth, and every January 1st after that counts as a year older.
- なお、かまぼこが商品として販売されるようになったのは江戸時代以降とされる。
- It is said that kamaboko was first sold as a commercial product during the Edo period or later.
- 以後、黒糖焼酎は奄美諸島でしか製造できない特産品となって現在に至っている。
- Since then, kokuto shochu has become a specialty product produced only in the Amami island chain.
- なお、江戸時代以前には現在の能楽に相当する言葉として猿楽が用いられていた。
- Before the Edo period, the term 'Sarugaku' (form of theatre popular in Japan during the 11th to 14th centuries) was used, which corresponds to the term 'Nohgaku' used today.
- (植芝創始以外の「合気道」は→ “「合気道」の名称について” にて詳述。)
- ('Aikido' other than the one founded by Ueshiba are described in detail in 'Regarding the name 'aikido.''
- 切腹を自殺の方法として用いる例は、明治時代以降も軍人や右翼の間に見られる。
- Examples of seppuku as a method of suicide following the Meiji period can be seen among soldiers and members of the right wing.
- 中学生以上対象の昇級審査会に受審し、合格するとその時点で一級が授与される。
- If someone takes a Kendo Kyu examination for junior high school students and above and passes it, he or she is granted Ikkyu at that time.
- 鶏肉以外の場合は、「蛸のザンギ」など材料名を付して呼ぶことが一般的である。
- When ingredients other than chicken are used, the dish is normally referred to by the name of the ingredient used, such as 'Octopus zangi.'
- 餅はきめ細かくつかれているものを使い、餡の量は餅と同量以上であることが多い。
- Smooth mochi is used, and the amount of anko is often equal to or more than that of mochi.
- これは笙より大型で、音域は日本の笙の倍以上あり、素早い動きにも対応している。
- It is larger than the Japanese sho, has more than twice its range and can respond to rapid movements.
- ジャポニズム以前の絵画では、このように大胆に斜めのラインが入ることは珍しい。
- Such bold diagonal lines were rarely seen in paintings prior to Japonism.
- 一般庶民が卵を気兼ねなく口にできるようになるのは、高度経済成長期以降である。
- It was the high economic growth period and later when general people were able to easily eat eggs.
- 仏教が庶民の間に浸透した室町時代以後に年中行事として定着したといわれている。
- Okuribi is said to have established itself as an annual event after the Muromachi Period when Buddhism became widespread among the common people.
- 神輿のように運行中に激しく揺らすようなことは、特定の場所以外では行われない。
- Unlike a mikoshi, it is not shaken up and down wildly during a parade except in some particular places.
- それ以外の山笠でも、福岡市とその周辺、佐賀県では原則は水法被に締め込みである
- In other yamakasa festivals in Fukuoka City, its outskirts, and Saga Prefecture, a kakite must wear a mizu happi and a fundoshi shimekomi as a rule.
- これ対し普段着を「ケ着」といったが明治以降から言葉として使用されなくなった。
- On the other hand, everyday wear was called 'ke gi,' but it was no longer used as a word after the Meiji period.
- なお、関東地方以外では浜松市の大安寺(静岡県浜松市中区)で酉の市が行われる。
- Outside the Kanto region, Tori no ichi is held in Daian-ji Temple in Hamamatsu City (in Naka Ward, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Prefecture).
- 以前は流派・地域・道場によって少々差があり、的も現在より多くの種類があった。
- The types of mato and their installation procedures somewhat slightly varied depending on schools, regions, and dojo (halls for martial art training) in the past, and there were more types of mato than at present.
- しかし東京では江戸時代、万治、寛文と、火災予防のために禁止されて以降廃れた。
- In Tokyo, however, Sagicho Festival was banned around 1660-1670 in the Edo period due to fire prevention and it collapsed afterward.
- 近代以降、政界、経済界、学界他あらゆる分野の第一線を担う人物を輩出してきた。
- In more recent times, they have come from a range of walks of life such as: politics, business and academia.
- 数え年は生まれた時点の年齢を1歳とし、以後、元日が来るごとに1歳を加算する。
- When a child is counted as one year old at birth according to the traditional Japanese system and becomes one year older on every New Year's Day.
- コレステロールが高いためか、日本以外ではイクラを食用とする地域はあまりない。
- There are not many regions in the world other than Japan that consume salmon roe as it contains a lot of cholesterol.
- 米は1俵60kgであり、稲作農地(田んぼ)は面積1反を以って基本単位とする。
- One bag of rice weighs 60 kg, and the basic unit for the area of agricultural land for growing rice (paddy field) is one tan (approximately 992 square meters).
- 蓋麹法(ふたこうじほう)は、主に吟醸酒かそれ以上の高級酒のための方法である。
- Futa koji method is a method used mainly for ginjoshu or higher quality.
- 近世以降、神社の神事で御神酒を供えたり、供食するために使用されるようになる。
- In recent times, it has been used for making an offering of sacred sake or food in Shinto rituals at a shinto shrine.
- 日本以外でも台湾やイタリアのサルデーニャ島、スペイン、エジプトでも作られる。
- Besides Japan, Taiwan, Spain, Egypt and the Italian island of Sardinia also produce Karasumi.
- 青年男女を読者とし、内容も赤本より高まり、安永4年以降もわずかに刊行された。
- Readers being young boys and girls, blue books had more advanced content than red books and, from 1775 onwards only a small number were published.
- 弓矢は狩猟の道具としては非常に一般的なもので、一万年以上前から使われてきた。
- Yumiya is a very popular tool for hunting and has been used for more than 10,000 years.
- 長弓(ロングボウ)は日本以外では、ほとんど見る事が出来ない、珍しい物である。
- The long bow is so particular it can hardly be seen in areas other than Japan.
- 黄櫨以外にも シタン、コクタン等唐木を使用したものも数は少ないが、存在する。
- Other than hazenoki, there are bows that are made of Karaki (imported Chinese wood) such as Rosewood and Ebony, are present despite being few in numbers.
- チャジャンミョン以外に、ちゃんぽん、うどん、チャーハン、酢豚なども扱っている。
- In addition to cha jan myon, chanpon (a noodle dish), udon, fried rice and subuta (sweet and sour pork) are also delivered.
- 帽子(親指)に固めの為の角が入っておらず、皮革が2枚以上重ねてあるのみである。
- The boshi (thumb) has no tsuno inside to be reinforced, and there is just more than two sheets of leather on it.
- 以前は点前座では茶碗を台から下ろして扱っていたが、今は常に台に載せたまま扱う。
- Before, chawan was taken out from the stand and used at the corner of the hearth, but in these days, chawan is used while remaining on the stand.
- 茶の加工と販売を主な事業とし、百貨店などの販路以外に茶道の家へ茶を収めている。
- Ippodo is principally engaged in processing and selling Japanese tea, and distributes the tea not only to its customers including department stores but also to the houses of tea masters.
- 室町時代以後の元服の儀では烏帽子を被せる代わりに前髪をそり落とす事例が増えた。
- In genpuku ceremonies held after the Muromachi period, young men more frequently had their forelocks shaved instead of having an eboshi placed on their head.
- そのお陰で廃絶の危機を脱し、以後合奏曲として広く演奏されるようになったという。
- Thanks to this, the song came out of the crisis of abolition and after that came to be played widely as an ensemble.
- ある調査によると、現代日本人の40歳以下は、ほとんど縦結びにしてしまうという。
- One survey has indicated that most of the Japanese at the age of 40 or younger today end up with granny knots.
- 文明開化以降はお歯黒とともに衰退し、明治時代中期にはほとんどみられなくなった。
- After the civilization and enlightenment, both hikimayu and ohaguro declined and almost died out by the mid Meiji period.
- 以後京都で作曲された手事もの地歌を「京もの」「京流手事もの」と呼ぶようになる。
- From then on, tegotomono jiuta written in Kyoto was called 'Kyomono' or 'Kyoryu tegotomono' (Kyoto-style tegotomono).
- ここに来て、地歌はもはやこれ以上進む余地がないほど三味線の技巧の極致に達した。
- At this time jiuta reached the point in shamisen technique where no further improvement could be made.
- 第一次世界大戦とそれ以降に不作が続くと、東北地方からの都会への移住者が増えた。
- After World War I and following continuous poor crop yield, the number of migrants from Tohoku region to urban area increased.
- 以上の4種は分布域が連続しており、遺伝的距離も非常に近く種間交雑が可能である。
- The fact that the distribution range of the above-mentioned four species are continuous, as well as the genetic distances among them are quite short, makes interspecific hybridization possible.
- そもそも、ヨーロッパの路線は乗車時間が長く食事が2回以上必要な場合が多かった。
- In railway routes connecting European cities, many passengers needed a meal twice or more, because they used to stay on a train for a long time.
- 平安時代の文献にも塩辛納豆の名は残っているが、一般に広まったのは室町時代以降。
- The word shiokara natto can be found in the literature from the Heian period, but it is thought that it spread among the general public in the Muromachi period and afterward.
- 日本の酒に関する神社は全国で40社近くで、全部で55以上の神がまつられている。
- There are close to forty sake-related shrines in Japan and fifty-five or more gods are enshrined.
- また、中国においても日本以上のさまざまな豆腐があり、各種の料理が作られている。
- China, however, has more kinds of tofu than Japan does, and a wide variety of dishes are made there.
- 地域によって特定の名称以外は使用されていなかったり、人によって違う場合もある。
- Sometimes a certain name is only used in a certain area, or it may be called a different name by different people.
- これまでに10名以上がこの課程を修了した後、玄人として能楽師を職業としている。
- More than 10 people completed this course and thereafter have had their career as Kuroto Nohgakushi.
- 木柱を立て、米や家畜など多くの供物を捧げ、穢れを払い、火を以って祖先や神を祭る。
- They set up a wooden post, purify themselves, give lots of offerings like rice and cattle, and worship their ancestors and god with fire.
- 20年前には2000社以上を数えたと言われたが現在は約1500社を下回っている。
- It is said that they were over 2000 companies 20 years ago, and today, they are less than 1500.
- 福井県勝山市の左義長まつりは毎年2月に行われており300年以上前から続いている。
- Sagicho Festival in Katsuyama City of Fukui Prefecture has been held in February since 300 years ago.
- すなわち引き締め策を要するときには寒酒以外を禁じるなどして酒造への規制を強めた。
- That is, when there was a need to tighten-up, there was a clamp-down and with the exception of winter sake, brewing was prohibited.
- 新古今時代以降、衆議判と言って、参加者によって優劣が判定されることも多くなった。
- During and after the Shinkokin period (transitional period of Japanese literature between the Heian and the Kamakura periods), a style of judgment called shugihan became common, in which participants are all involved in evaluating poems.
- 以前から、低価格の弁当は存在していたが、カテゴリとして確立したのはこの頃である。
- Low-priced bentos had been available before 2007, but it was these days that this type of bento was established as one of the categories.
- 以後各地の焼酎メーカーで、米・麦との混和タイプも含めて広く作られるようになった。
- Since then, many shochu makers around the country have produced it including mixed types with rice and barley.
- とくに1980年代以降、各都道府県の特性を生かした酒米が多く開発されてきている。
- In and after the 1980s, many different varieties of sakamai, for which the properties of each prefecture are fully utilized, have been developed.
- 改良土佐節は燻乾法を土佐に伝えた甚太郎の故郷に教えた以外は土佐藩の秘伝とされた。
- The method of producing the improved Tosa-bushi was kept secret, except for people in the hometown of Jintaro, who taught people in Tosa Province the smoke seasoning method.
- ただし、その「白米」は、3等以上に格付けた玄米又はこれに相当する玄米を使用する。
- However, such 'polished rice' must be produced from unpolished rice which is graded to the third grade or higher or the equivalent.
- それ以降に差し出された場合は、同様の郵便物であっても当日付けの消印が押印される。
- In a case where the nengajo is posted after the period, it's canceled with a postmark of the day even if the other requirements have been satisfied.
- その中でも製造から4時間以内で売り切らねばならないという規制は現在も残っている。
- The restriction that Ekiben must be sold out within four hours from the time of production remains even now.
- 応募資格は中卒以上・経験不問・年齢上限ありというもので、研修期間は6年間である。
- Required qualifications for application are a minimum of a junior high school degree, no experience required, and un upper age limit, and the training period is six years.
- しかし、一方では西洋の知識・文化を必要以上に摂取する事への抵抗感も併せもっていた。
- However, it also implied resistance to the excessive adoption of Western knowledge and culture.
- 日本以外では、大韓民国の石焼きビビンバやユッケなどによく似た形式を見る事が出来る。
- Outside Japan, a similar style is seen in stone-roasted bibimbap and yukhoe in the Republic of Korea.
- また実際に白もつ以外の多くのもつを同時に入れるもつ鍋も決して特殊なケースではない。
- Actually, Motsunabe dishes made from many kinds of offal besides intestines are not unusual.
- 製法や品質に対する工夫が施されて煎茶が出回るようになったのはそれ以降の時代になる。
- Sencha appeared later when production methods and quality had been refined.
- ちなみに直径が1.7mm以上で丸棒状に成形したものは「手延べうどん」に分類される。
- Incidentally, those shaped into rods with diameters over 1.7 mm are classified as 'hand-stretched udon noodles.'
- For additional information, those formed in a cylindrical shape with a diameter no less than 1.7 mm are classified as 'tenobe udon.'
- 日本以外もシンガポール、マレーシア、タイ王国など東南アジアでも一般的な食事である。
- Other than Japan, porridge is also commonly eaten in Southeast Asian countries including Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand.
- ブリ以外の魚では、カジキマグロ、カツオ、サケ、マス、サワラ、ハモなどが用いられる。
- Examples of fish other than yellowtail include billfish, bonito, salmon, trout, Spanish mackerel, and conger pike.
- 以下に示す内容を、整然と著述しており、「経」字を書名とするに足る深みを持っている。
- The content mentioned below was written in perfect order, and are profound enough for the work to have 'Classic' in its title.
- このため、親族以外の香典も全てが故人の家族に渡されるようになったと考えられている。
- It is believed that this is why not only koden from the relatives of the deceased but also from other people came to be given to the bereaved family.
- このサービスが好評で、日本以外の航空会社でも国際線で熱いおしぼり出すようになった。
- As the oshibori service gained popularity among passengers, some airlines of countries other than Japan also started to serve oshibori.
- 代表作「青金寿老」「布袋像2体」(以上三井家蔵)「祇園祭岩戸山柱金具(2柱分)」。
- The representative works included 'Aokinjuro' and '2 Hotei-zo' (2 statues of Hotei (the god of good fortune)) (stored at the Mitsui household) in addition to 'Gion Festival Iwatoyama post hardware (for 2 posts).'
- 江戸では天保4年 (1833) 以降にようやく本所・回向院での相撲興行が定着する。
- It was not until 1833 that sumo tournaments came to be held on a regular basis at Honjo Eko-in Temple in Edo (old Tokyo).
- 典型的なこいのぼりは、5色の吹き流しと3匹(あるいはそれ以上の)鯉のぼりからなる。
- Typical koinobori is made of a five-color fukinagashi (a tubular streamer) and three (or more) carp streamers.
- 酒造り職人の食卓において、日本酒の仕込み期間中の納豆は禁忌とされている所以である。
- This is the reason why eating natto is prohibited for sake brewing professionals during the preparation period for the sake brewing.
- 筋書き以上に、言葉や絵の端々に仕組まれた遊びの要素を読み解くことに楽しみがあった。
- Besides the synopsis, these books were organized cover to cover by use of language and pictures to give pleasure as readers understood subtext messages not initially obvious.
- People enjoyed solving wordplays hidden in the text and illustrations more than just reading a story.
- なお、足軽以下の身分(足軽は「士」では無いとされた)や庶民は切腹を許されなかった。
- Foot soldiers (who were not considered to be warriors) and commoners were not permitted to commit seppuku.
- 結果として全長2m以上の長尺、上長下短、下部寄りを把持するようになったと思われる。
- As a result, naga shaku (long shaku) longer than two meters, longer top and shorter bottom, and shimobe yori (closer at lower end) bows began to be used.
- よって、「柔術」というと江戸時代以前から伝わる伝統的な柔術を指す場合が多くなった。
- Therefore, 'jujutsu' has come to mean, in many cases, 'koryu jujutsu' (the old-style jujutsu) handed down from before the Edo period.
- 以前は、各地の標本木の蕾をとりそのつど重さを量る方法で各気象台独自で行われていた。
- Forecast used to be made by the respective observatories whereby they weighed buds collected from the sample trees at various locations for every forecast preparation.
- 胴の胸当てを突く技 胸突き(以前は相手が上段の構えを取っている時のみ一本になった。
- The technique of thrusting the Mune-ate (chest protector) of Do (abdomen) Mune-tsuki (thrust to the chest) (formerly, one Ippon (a full point) was earned only when the other contender was taking the upper-level position).
- しかし、江戸時代中期以降の国学の流れのなかで、「漢意」と対比されることが多くなった。
- In the study of Japanese classical literature beginning in the middle of the Edo period, however, it was often contrasted with 'kara-gokoro' (Chinese mindedness).
- 音程は竹の長さとは無関係で、吹き口から向かって右側から時計回りに、以下の通りとなる。
- The key has no relationship to the length of the bamboo tube, and the following are listed in clockwise order from the right a viewed from the mouthpiece.
- 逆に、9月以降の祭りは、旧暦7月に行われる場合は、夏祭りに準じて扱われることが多い。
- To the contrary, festivals in and after September, if held in July under the lunar calendar, are often treated according to summer festivals.
- 醤油は現在100カ国以上の国に輸出されており、生産は年14万キロリットルにも達する。
- Soy-sauce is exported to more than 100 countries, and its output reaches to 140 thousands kiloliter per year.
- また、醤油業中央公正取引協議会が定めるものとして、以下の表示を利用することができる。
- The following indications can be used according to the agreement by Central Fair Trade Control of Soy-sauce Manufacturing Industry.
- それ以外にも鶏肉や素食(ベジタリアン)のために大豆製品から作られた素肉鬆などがある。
- There are chicken rou sing and vegetarian rou sing made from soybean products for vegetarians.
- 20世紀以後の主要な生産地は栃木県南部であり、日本の干瓢生産の8割以上を占めている。
- Since the beginning of 20th century, the principal production area has been the southern part of Tochigi Prefecture and its kanpyo production volume accounts for more than 80% of total production volume in Japan.
- 80℃以上の高温で20分から40分、蒸気を当てることによって生地に染料を定着させる。
- The dyes are fixed to the cloth by applying steam of 80 ℃ or higher for 20 to 40 minutes.
- そのほか、明治時代以降は英語などの外来語やそれを翻訳した和製漢語も多く使われている。
- In addition, after the Meiji period, Japanese people have often used words of foreign origin such as English, and waseikango (Japan-made Chinese words) which were translated words of foreign origin.
- これ以外に、小太刀術の技法を応用した護身術・スポーツとしてスポーツチャンバラがある。
- Besides, self-defense arts or sports using techniques of kodachijutu include Sports Chanbara.
- それ以前より、一部の居酒屋ではチューハイまたはそれに類する物はメニュー化されていた。
- Before then, some izakaya (Japanese-style bars) had provided chuhai or something like that on the menu.
- どぶろく特区以外では2010年現在も家庭でどぶろくを作ることは法的に禁止されている。
- As of 2010, it is still prohibited to brew Doburoku at home legally outside of the Doburoku special district.
- 一方で江戸時代半ば以降に茶道人口が増大すると、一度に大勢をもてなす必要も生じてきた。
- On the other hand, as the population of tea ceremony practitioners grew in the mid-Edo period, there had been another necessity of serving tea to a group of people at once.
- 失中者の順位を決定する際には(以下例ではAとCの順位を決定する場合)遠近競射を行う。
- The ranking of those who missed the target (A and C in the following case) is decided by enkin-kyosha (competition shooting to decide ranking based on how close an arrow is to the center of the target).
- やがて酒の品質競争が起こってくると、寒酒以外の季節の醸造はあまり省みられなくなった。
- In time, with the emergence of competition regarding the quality of sake, the brewing of sake in seasons other than winter was not considered.
- 通常の飲食店でカラオケを行う場合、知人以外の客もいる場所で歌うことになる場合が多い。
- When singing karaoke in a common bar, one often has to sing in front of customers who are strangers.
- また今では二月最初の午の日とされるが、古来は、立春以降の最初の午の日に行われていた。
- Although the festival used to be held on the first day of the horse after the beginning of spring (according to the lunar calendar) in ancient times, it is now generally accepted that the festival is held on the first day of the horse in February.
- 江戸時代以来、高品質な酒を産出してきた灘五郷では宮水と呼ばれる硬水が使用されていた。
- Nada gogo (literally, five districts in Nada) where high quality sake have been produced since the Edo Period, hard water called Miyamizu have been used.
- また湿度に関しては、それ以上高いと黄麹菌以外のカビや雑菌が繁殖してしまうからである。
- With respect to humidity, the reason is because, if the humidity is higher, mold other than yellow koji aspergillus as well as other bacteria, may propagate.
- この醪の表面の泡立ちの状態を(泡の)状貌(じょうぼう)といい、以下のように示される。
- The condition of forming on the surface of moromi is called jobo (of foam) and is shown as follows:
- 以下の理由により、新暦(グレゴリオ暦)と旧暦(太陰太陽暦)では必ず1か月程度ずれる。
- Due to the reasons described below, there is definitely an approximate one-month difference between the New Style (the Gregorian calendar) and the Old Style (Taiin-taiyo-reki.)
- 「武芸のための的場」や「的屋が営む的場」から生まれた言葉として以下のようなものがる。
- The words which came from 'matoba for military arts' and 'matoba managed by matoya' are as follows.
- 有名な赤穂浪士も、比較的身分が高かった大石内蔵助ら数人以外は、扇子や木刀を使用した。
- With the exception of several individuals with a relatively high status such as Kuranosuke OISHI, the famous Forty-seven Ronin used a fan or wooden sword.
- 「Laver」は板海苔にはせず、また、イギリス以外では余り通用していない言葉である。
- However, the 'laver' is not processed into 'ita nori,' and the word isn't a familiar one to people outside the UK.
- 同シリーズは、音が汚らしいという不評も聞かれはしたが、それ以上にシズルともいわれる。
- These series of commercials were criticized as the sounds were too rude, while some say they have been successful in promoting consumption of chazuke.
- 大きさは50cmを超えるものから、30cm以下程度のもの(手炙り)までさまざまである。
- Sizes range from 50cm or larger to the 30cm or smaller teaburi.
- 福岡の博多にわかは、2人以上で即興で半面をつけた人が博多弁で世相を風刺するものである。
- Hakata-niwaka is a satirical play on the social conditions, performed impromptu by two or more people wearing a half mask which covers the top half of their faces.
- 明治時代以後、ヨーロッパの建築様式・技術が伝えられ、日本の建築も大きく変わっていった。
- After the Meiji period, an architectural style and technique imported from Europe changed Japanese architecture drastically.
- 日本の、芸術系学科以外の高等学校までの美術 (教科)では日本画を教えることはまずない。
- Nihon-ga is rarely taught in the ordinary art classes up to high school level, apart from in specialized art schools.
- 新刀以降、地鉄に顕著な全国的差異がないことから、弟子の作を師匠の作等、数多く診られる。
- Using Gimei, including the case of imitating the work by a student as the work by a teacher, is common; there is no obvious difference in iron quality after an appearance of new sword.
- 一方、水指を重く扱うための茶筅飾はかなり新しい(早くても幕末以降)ものだと考えられる。
- On the other hand, chasen kazari used when treating mizusashi with respect is thought to be a relatively new procedure (after the end of the Edo period, at the earliest).
- 近代以降の歌曲にも、『一月一日』、『われは海の子』、『荒城の月』等この形式の曲が多い。
- Imayo was followed by many tunes composed in and after the Japanese modern age, such as 'Ichigatsu Ichijitsu' (January First), 'Ware wa Umi no Ko' (I Was Born by the Sea),' and 'Kojo no Tsuki' (The Moon Over the Deserted Castle).
- 日本においては全国各地で作られているが、産業としては8割以上が茨城県で生産されている。
- While hoshi-imo is produced nationwide in Japan, more than 80 percent of hoshi-imo is industrially produced in Ibaraki Prefecture.
- これは畳の上で履物を穿くのは葬儀中の死者以外におらず縁起が悪いこととされるためである。
- The custom of wearing footwear on a tatami floor is allowed only to the departed during their funerals, thus it is considered to be a bad omen.
- 店毎に作られ、出汁以上に店の味を決定付ける物であることから、店の秘伝とされる事も多い。
- Restaurants make their own kaeshi, and the recipe and preparation method are often kept secret because it defines a restaurant's taste more than stock.
- これを以て、日本で最初の日本酒とする説があり、正暦寺にはその由を刻んだ碑も立っている。
- There is a theory that Bodaisen was the first sake to be brewed in Japan, and a stone monument inscribed as such stands in the precinct of Shoryaku-ji Temple.
- なお、麦、水、ホップと定められた副原料以外のものを使用したビールも発泡酒に分類される。
- Beers which contain any ingredients other than barley, water, hops and other additional ingredients are classified as low-malt beer.
- 近代以降では、神社などで行われる祭り(露店などが多く出る)の日のことを指す場合も多い。
- Since the modern era, ennichi has also often indicated the days when festivals (with many street stalls) are held at places such as shrines.
- 以後、薩摩や土佐、阿波国、紀伊国、伊豆国など太平洋沿岸のカツオ主産地で多く生産された。
- Later, large amounts of katsuobushi were produced in Pacific coastal provinces such as Satsuma, Tosa, Awa, Kii and Izu, which had large catches of bonito..
- 同様の製法(荒節までの場合が多い)でカツオ以外の魚を用いたものに以下のものなどがある。
- In addition to bonito, the following fish products processed in a similar way, though most of them are at best arabushi:
- 床暖房やエア・コンディショナーなどで温度は30℃近く、湿度は60%以下に保たれている。
- The temperature is kept at around thirty degrees centigrade and the humidity not higher than sixty percent by means of floor panel heating or air conditioning.
- 日本全国において食べられているが、以前は近畿地方・四国地方ではあまり消費されなかった。
- Natto is eaten throughout Japan, but it was not consumed as much in the Kinki and Shikoku regions before.
- なお、日本以外では、ドイツの地政学者カール・ハウスホーファーが、切腹自殺を遂げている。
- Outside of Japan, the German geopolitician Karl Haushofer committed seppuku.
- いろんな店の店員や、家庭でよく作る人たちの意見を大まかにまとめると、以下のようになる。
- The following is a rough summary of opinions heard from clerks of different takoyaki restaurants and from people who often make takoyaki at home.
- したがって本醸造のアルコール添加は、香味の調整の目的で、重量比10分の1以下に限られる。
- Therefore, alcohol was added to honjozo (authentically-brewed) in order to adjust flavor and the ratio of adding was limited to less than one-tenth of the quantity.
- 大和流開祖 森川香山喜忠(号 観徳軒)は「大和流弓道教訓之巻」で以下のように述べている。
- Kozan Yoshitada MORIKAWA (his pseudonym is Kantokuken), the founder of Yamato school, stated in 'Yamato-ryu Kyudo Kyokun no maki' (Precepts for Kyudo of Yamato school) as follows:
- もともとは菊紋とともに皇室専用の家紋であったが、後に皇室以外でも使用されるようになった。
- It was originally the family crest exclusively for the Imperial family as well as Kiku-mon (crest of Chrysanthemum), but it later turned to be used by non-Imperial family as well.
- 袋竹刀(ふくろしない)は、竹刀が考案される以前に剣術の稽古に用いられていた武道具の一種。
- Fukuro shinai (written as 袋竹刀) is a tool used in martial arts that had been used in swordsmanship training before the bamboo sword was devised.
- また曲によっては3オクターヴ以上の音域を駆使するなど、色々な三味線の技巧が発達している。
- Furthermore, depending on the piece, various shamisen techniques are employed, such as tonal ranges exceeding three octaves.
- 中国式の太陰太陽暦が導入される以前、望の日を月初としていたことの名残りと考えられている。
- It is considered that the term is a relic of the time when the mochi no hi was regarded as the first day of a month, before the Chinese-style lunar calendar was introduced.
- 諸説あるが、豚肉を具材として使用する特徴から、明治時代以降に発達した料理とみられている。
- Although there are various opinions, it is thought that it was created during the Meiji period because pork is used as an ingredient.
- なお、『南方録』以前に「懐石」という言葉は確認されておらず、同書を初出とする考えがある。
- There is no reference to the word 'kaiseki' before 'Nanporoku' and it is considered that 'Nanporoku' was the first book describing 'kaiseki.'
- 刈り取った竹は枝を払い、1年以上寝かされた後、火に掛け油脂分を拭き取り、弓の材料となる。
- The branches of the bamboo is cut off, rested for over a year, and heated over the fire to wipe away the oil, and made into an ingredient for the bow.
- 理由は、大の甘党の上に、ドイツ留学中に細菌を顕微鏡で見て以来潔癖症になってしまったため。
- This is because he not only loved sweets but also because he became obsessed with cleanliness after observing germs under a microscope while studying in Germany.
- 江戸時代以前には「正座」という言葉はなく、「かしこまる」や「つくばう」などと呼ばれていた。
- The word 'seiza' was not used before the Edo period; instead, the style was called 'kashikomaru' or 'tsukubau.'
- 正座で座る場所は、畳の上以外にも、カーペットの上、あるいは板の間の上など場所は問われない。
- One may sit seiza style on any surface, including carpeted and hardwood floors, as well as on tatami mats.
- 重要無形民俗文化財に指定されている舞という名称のもので、室町時代以前からの歴史のあるもの。
- These are dances with the name of mai which are designated important Intangible Folk Cultural Properties and have a history from prior to the Muromachi period.
- 天保年間、江戸には検校68名、勾当67名、座頭170名、それ以下の者360名がいたという。
- In the Tenpo era it is said that there were 68 kengyo, 67 koto, 170 zato and 360 members who belonged to the lower rank.
- 以降、散楽という言葉に集約される雑芸群は、民間に広まった様々な職業芸能に引き継がれていく。
- Since then, various arts collectively called Sangaku were taken over by various professional arts that spread in the society.
- 当時の酒税法では麦芽の比率が67%(3分の2)以上のものをビール、それ未満は発泡酒とした。
- The Liquor Tax Act in those days stipulated that beer included 67% or more of malt ratio and low-malt beer less than that.
- 70%以下という精米歩合帯で有利になった長野『真澄』が鑑評会・品評会ともに上位を独占した。
- 'Masumi' of Nagano, which had an advantage in the polishing rice ratio under 70 percent, held high positions both in the kanpyokai and the competitions.
- この酵母が分離され協会系酵母として全国に頒布され、出品酒の8割以上に使われるようになった。
- Its yeast was separated and distributed as the yeast of the Brewing Society all over Japan, and came to be used for more than 80 percent of sake which were listed.
- また中世以降は、武家が望んだ家紋とされ、足利尊氏や豊臣秀吉などもこれを天皇から賜っている。
- Also after the Middle Ages, it was the family crest that samurai families desired, and Takauji ASHIKAGA and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, and so on, received it from the Emperors.
- バブル経済以後の地酒復興期における零細な地方蔵のように、現在もその流れは細々と続いている。
- Following the end of the bubble economy, the renaissance of boutique regional brewers has barely managed to carry on to the present day.
- 明治時代以降、西欧から鞄類が入り風呂敷の利用は減っていき、現代、街中で見ることは希である。
- After the Meiji period, as bags were imported from Western Europe, the use of Furoshiki was gradually reduced and it is rare to see it in town today.
- 「無常」「無常観」は、中世以来長い間培ってきた日本人の美意識の特徴の一つと言ってよかろう。
- The 'mujo' and 'mujo views' could be said to be unique characteristics of the Japanese concept of beauty that has grown over many years since the medieval era.
- 柳生新陰流は一部の形で木刀を用いる以外、ほとんど袋竹刀を利用した形稽古を現代に伝えている。
- The Yagyu Shinkage-ryu school, while using a wooden sword for some types of kata (basic form and movement), has passed down to the present forms of kata training using fukuro shinai.
- それ以外の年齢層が数え年を用るのは占いや伝統行事、享年などの限られた場面のみとなっている。
- People in other age groups use the traditional Japanese age system on limited occasions such as fortune telling, traditional events, or when counting the age at death.
- また江戸末期以降、それまで地歌に便乗する形で発展して来た箏曲が、今度は先に立って発展した。
- Furthermore, after the late Edo period sokyoku, which until this point had developed as an addition to jiuta, began to surpass jiuta.
- 以下は、酒造好適米には分類されないが、酒の原料米とされることでよく知られている品種である。
- The following are varieties that aren't classified in shuzo koteki mai but are well known as materials for sake.
- 日本に伝来した時期ははっきりしないが、一般に用いられるようになったのは江戸時代以降である。
- Though it is not clear when Senko was introduced into Japan, it was the Edo period when Senko became prevalent among ordinary people.
- 奈良時代以降大陸から多数の弦楽器が渡来したとき、それら弦楽器全般を総称する言葉ともなった。
- Furthermore, since the Nara period, when various stringed instruments were introduced from China, the word 'koto' had become the general term for those stringed instruments.
- 中世以降の日本における茶の服用方法には「煎じ茶」と茶葉を臼ですりつぶした「挽茶」があった。
- In Japan, after the medieval period, there were two methods to drink tea -- 'senji-cha' and 'hiki-cha' -- the latter consisting of stone-ground tea leaves.
- 六段以降になると、段位合格者名が大手剣道専門雑誌の「剣道日本」や「剣道時代」に掲載される。
- In the case of Rokudan and higher levels, the names of successful applicants are listed by such Kendo magazines as 'Kendo Nihon' and 'Kendo Jidai.'
- 詳しくは厚生労働省のに表示されているが、特に卵の生食においては以下のような注意が必要である。
- Although details are shown in the website of Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, to eat a raw egg, pay attention to following things:
- ジャポニズムは単なる一時的な流行ではなく、当時の全ての先進国で30年以上も続いた運動である。
- Japonism was not a mere momentary trend but a movement which continued for over 30 years in developed countries at the time.
- どうしてもソースを2度以上つけたい場合は、ソースをキャベツで掬って付けることも許されている。
- For a customer who desperately wants to dip it in the sauce more than once, cabbages can be used to scoop the sauce.
- 飲食店で出されるものはライスの量も多く、ひと皿で1000kcal以上であることも少なくない。
- It is often the case that those served in restaurants contain a lot of rice and a plate of katsu-curry may have over 1,000 kilo-calories.
- 周囲に並んだ20人以上の姫君方が、360の地貝に斑紋や形状等の出貝と全く同じものを見定める。
- More than 20 himegimi (daughter of a person of high rank) surrounding the shells try to find only one jigai, out of 360, with exactly the same spots and shape as dashigai.
- 古代に日本酒が最初に醸されて以来、むしろ品質的にはもっとも高い水準に達していると言ってよい。
- It can be said that the quality of sake is the highest it has been since sake began to be brewed in ancient times.
- 同じようなインパクトを以って1970年代には「本醸造宣言」する酒蔵が話題になったものである。
- In the 1970s, the sake breweries which 'declared brewing honjozo' were in the news, which gave the same impact as that news.
- 明治以降になっても建築様式として引継がれ、伝統的な様式を採用する芝居小屋には櫓が設置される。
- This style was taken over as an architectural style beginning with the Meiji period, and theaters which adopt a traditional style still have a yagura.
- ところが実際はそのようには運ばず、これ以後、酒税の歳入に占める割合は増加することはなかった。
- However, this expectation did not come true and the ratio of liquor tax in the revenue never increased after that.
- また尺八も明治以降、合奏に加わりレパートリーとして地歌曲、箏曲を演奏する比率が大きくなった。
- Shakuhachi was also added to the ensemble from the Meiji period, and jiuta and so-kyoku were more and more played on shakuhachi as its repertoire.
- それを聞いた八重崎は発奮して『八重衣』に見事な手付けを行ない、以後広く演奏される曲となった。
- Hearing this, YAEZAKI roused himself to play 'Yaegoromo' excellently and after that this song came to be widely played.
- これらを参照して大正以降即位礼の皇后の料は白唐衣に緑系統の表着という組み合わせに固定化した。
- Based on this, the fabric for the empress's clothing worn during the enthronement ceremony have been fixed as a combination of white karaginu and omotegi in greenish color since the Taisho Period.
- 時代が下るにつれ、やがて正暦寺以外の寺の僧坊酒や、奈良流の造り酒屋の産する酒にも用いられた。
- As times went by, temples other than Shoryaku-ji Temple began to use Bodai-moto for their own soboshu, and sake brewers that inherited the brewing method of soboshu from Nara temples did the same.
- 日本にマッコリのような麦麹を用いた酒が存在した記録がない以上、朝鮮半島起源説は成り立たない。
- However, since there was no record of liquor made with wheat malt such as makgeolli in Japan, the out of Korean Peninsula theory can not be true.
- 次の1870年の朔旦冬至の際に明治政府は古い因習として、以後こうした儀式は行わない事とした。
- When the next Sakutan Toji arrived in 1870, the Meiji Government decided against organizing such a ceremony in the future, regarding it as an old convention.
- 酒税法では「アルコール含有物を蒸留した酒類」のうち、以下の条件を満たす酒類を焼酎としている。
- According to the Liquor Tax Law, among liquors produced by the distillation of alcohol containing substances, shochu must also have the following conditions:
- また、酒器を手に取ってから飲み込むまでの各段階において感じられる香りは以下のように呼ばれる。
- Fragrances that are felt in each step from taking the sake cup in hand until sake is swallowed are called respectively as follows:
- おおむね新潟・長野・岐阜・三重県以東は角餅で富山・石川・福井は混在、それより西は丸餅である。
- Roughly speaking, usually square mochi are used in the prefectures of Niigata, Nagano, Gifu, Mie, and areas to the east while either square or round mochi are used in the prefectures of Toyama, Ishikawa, and Fukui; and in the regions to the west round ones are used.
- 中国において明代以降広く民間で信仰され、春節には福・禄・寿を描いた「三星図」を飾る風習がある。
- Fukurokuju has been believed among common people in China since the Ming Dynasty era in which 'Sanseizu' (The Picture of Three Gods, expressing happiness, wealth and longevity) has been hung for the worship at the lunar New Year in China.
- なお、卓袱台以前、つまり近世から明治にかけて普通に用いられていた食卓は箱膳(銘々膳)であった。
- Incidentally, hakozen or meimeizen (individual box-shaped tables) had been generally used as dining tables from the Edo to the Meiji period before the chabudai was developed.
- 明治時代以降、海外の影響を受けて野球、テニス、ボート、陸上などの競技が学校を中心に導入された。
- After the Meiji period, games such as baseball, tennis, boat, field athletics etc. were mainly introduced in schools due to influences from foreign countries.
- 明治以前の酒樽は木製で、樽壁の中に雑菌が生息している可能性もあり、不衛生だという意見があった。
- The liquor barrels before the Meiji period were made of wood and some people said that it was unsanitary because contamination might live in barrel walls.
- これら以外の名称として、飛び切り燗を更に越えた温度に対して煮酒と呼ぶなど様々な表現が存在する。
- Other than these expressions, there are various expressions such as calling temperature of sake higher than that of tobikiri kan (very hot) as 'nizake' (boiled sake).
- また江戸時代中期頃からしばしば三味線、箏との合奏に加わるようになり、明治以降本格的に参入した。
- In addition, shakuhachi came to be played in concert often with the shamisen and so from around the mid Edo period, and it fully joined them after the Meiji period.
- 江戸時代以降は濃醤はほぼ廃れてしまい、鯉を材料とした鯉こくのみが生き永らえて現在に至っている。
- Kokusho almost disappeared after the Edo period, and only koikoku, a variety of kokusho with carp, remains up until today.
- その食料も故人あるいはそれ以外の一般人と別の物を用意してそれは地域の負担として住民で用意した。
- Those meals were prepared separately from meals for the deceased or other people at the expense of the village.
- 江戸時代では以下に該当する女性のみの習慣となり、元服の際にお歯黒とセットで行われたものである。
- From the Edo period on, hikimayu came to be limited to women who meet the conditions below, and was applied together with ohaguro at genpuku ceremonies.
- これは近代以降の文学としての短歌にとっても有用なことであると考えられるようになったためである。
- The revival of uta-awase contests is explained by these functions of omoibito and kataudo that were considered to be useful for tanka as it was establishing itself as literature in and after the modern era.
- 江戸時代中期以降、三曲と総称される地歌、箏曲、胡弓楽は合奏のために共通の曲を持つようになった。
- After the mid-Edo period jiuta, sokyoku and kokyugaku, collectively called sankyoku, began to share common pieces for ensembles.
- こうしたいわゆる「顔の見えない」流通形態が、昭和以降の消費低迷期を招いた一因ともなっていった。
- The so-called 'distribution system without seeing face' (in which the producer couldn't be identified) became one of the causes of decline in consumption since the Showa period.
- 大吟醸酒のうち、精米歩合50%以下の白米、米麹及び水のみを原料とするものを純米大吟醸酒と言う。
- Among daiginjoshu, those for which only polished rice, malted rice, and water are used as raw materials are called junmai daiginjoshu.
- 吟醸酒の酒は、香りや味わいを安定させるために、半年かそれ以上、熟成の期間を持たせるものも多い。
- Ginjo or higher quality sake is often given a maturing period of a half year or more in order to stabilize its fragrance and flavor.
- 日本へは奈良時代に遣唐使によって伝えられたともされるが、それ以前に伝わっていた可能性も大きい。
- Another theory is that tofu was introduced into Japan by a Japanese envoy to the Tang Dynasty of China in the Nara period, but it's very possible that tofu was introduced prior to that time.
- 1960年代以降は、流通面で効率的なことなどから、一般的には発泡スチロール容器が使われている。
- Since 1960 and onward, foamed polystyrene containers have generally been used, because such packaging facilitates efficient shipping and distribution.
- 1993年のベーリング海の自主的操業中止以降はアメリカ合衆国・ロシアより冷凍原料を買い入れる。
- Since the voluntary suspension of fishing activities in the Bering Sea started in 1993, Japan has been importing frozen raw materials for tarako from the United States and Russia.
- これは、鎌倉時代以前に日本に入ってきたと見られており、以後、権力者たちがこれを切り取っている。
- This is thought to have come into Japan before the Kamakura period, and thereafter men of power tried to obtain pieces of it.
- It is considered that this bulky Jinko was brought to Japan prior to the Kamakura period, and thereafter, powerful leaders of the time cut pieces from the bulk.
- 4月頃、ニゴロブナ(他のフナで代用も可)のウロコとエラを取り、腹開きにして卵巣以外の内臓を除く。
- The season for funa-zushi begins around April, and to make it you first remove the scales and gills from some nigoro buna (other crucian carp varieties can be used as substitutes) and then split its belly to gut it, keeping the ovaries, if present, intact.
- 明治以降は武術も全国組織化する事が多くなり、流派の師範が全国の門弟たちを統率できるようになった。
- In and after the Meiji period, many martial arts were organized nationwide, and masters of schools started to directly govern their disciples distributed nationwide.
- 1995年頃以降、若い女性が「かわいいし、音がいい」と下駄を普段履きとして履く若年女性が増えた。
- In and after around 1995, the number of young ladies who put on Geta as informal footwear increased because they felt that 'Geta are cute, and make a good sound.'
- 但し、室町期以降の古刀を含む新刀、新々刀を鎌倉期の刀に見せかけたもの等は地鉄、姿から看破できる。
- However, new swords including the old swords after the Muromachi period, and the very new sword claimed to be a sword from the Kamakura period, can be detected by its material, iron and figure.
- 明治時代後期(日清戦争以後)から大正時代にかけては、酒造りにおいて急速な近代化の時代を形成する。
- From the latter part of the Meiji period (after the Sino-Japanese War) and the Taisho period, sake brewing had been rapidly modernized.
- 小堀遠州の用命を受けた際に「宗全」の銅印をもらったことから、以後九代まで作品に宗全印を捺用した。
- Sozen the third was given a bronze seal of '宗全' (Sozen) when he received the order from Enshu KOBORI, and the family put that Sozen seal on their works until the ninth generation.
- 会場では、2万体以上のひな人形が飾られ、なかでも高さ約7メートルの巨大な雛壇が目玉となっている。
- More than 20,000 hina dolls are displayed at the site, with a special feature of an enormous hinadan which is approximately seven meters high.
- 雪見(ゆき-み)とは、中世以降の日本に見られる風俗の一つであり、降雪や雪景色を眺めて楽しむこと。
- Yukimi is one of the Japanese folkways since the medieval period, where people enjoy watching the snowing or the snowscape.
- 室町時代の書物の記載事項が最も古い記載事項から少なくとも日本では室町時代以降の風習となっている。
- It has been practiced in Japan since at least the Muromachi period, considering the fact that the oldest descriptions of it were found in the documents of that period.
- 古典派音楽以降の西洋音楽ではコンサートホールのような広い空間で演奏するために大音量を要求された。
- Because Western music, particularly since the emergence of orchestral music, has been played in large spaces such as concert halls, the musical instruments were required to provide higher sound levels.
- 特に江戸時代以降は立春(毎年2月3日ごろ、うるう年は2月4日ごろ)の前日のことを指す場合が多い。
- Particularly since the Edo period, the term setsubun (or sechibun) has been often used to specify the day before risshun (the first day of spring, around February 3 of every year except February 4 for leap years).
- 精米歩合70%以下の白米、米麹および水と醸造アルコールで造った清酒で、香味及び色沢が良好なもの。
- Honjozoshu is seishu which is produced with polished rice of a polishing ratio not exceeding seventy percent, malted rice and water and distilled alcohol and has a delicious flavor and color.
- 1930年(昭和5年)ごろ以降は縦型精米機の出現により、より高度で迅速な精米作業が可能になった。
- Since around 1930, thanks to emergence of an upright rice polisher, faster high grade rice polishing became possible.
- 駅構内の立ち食いそば・うどん店、キヨスク等調製業者以外が経営する売店などが扱っている場合もある。
- In addition to the shops managed by Ekiben delicatessens, shops managed by standing-up-eating soba/udon noodle shops, kiosk, etc. sometimes sell Ekiben in stations.
- 白檀は熱することなく香るため、それ以外にも仏像などの彫刻や扇子や数珠などの材料として用いられる。
- Even when it isn't heated, Byakudan gives off a pleasant smell; therefore, it's commonly used for sculptures of Buddha, folding fans and Juzu (strings of rosary beads).
- この傾向は明治時代以降、ナショナリズムや民族主義の興隆とともに過剰な意味が付与されるようになった。
- This tendency became more marked from the Meiji period onwards and, with the rise of nationalism and racism, the term 'yamato-damashii' became heavily loaded.
- 上記の「祭礼(祭り)や市や縁日などが催される、境内、参道や門前町」を庭場という。(以下庭場と記述)
- The ground of shrines or temples, on the approach to them or in temple towns during festivals, markets, and fairs' mentioned above are known as niwaba (literally meaning 'yard' and described 'niwaba' hereinafter).
- 昭和18年(1943年)酒類もすべて配給制となり、これ以後はもっぱら闇市で取引されるようになった。
- In 1943, all liquors began to be rationed and they were traded mainly in the black market after that.
- また明治以降胡弓を演奏出来る人が減ったため、「三曲」に胡弓を含めなかったり、無視する三曲人もいる。
- Some sankyoku musicians do not even include kokyu in 'sankyoku' and ignore it because the number of musicians who can play kokyu has declined since the Meiji period.
- 西洋音楽の楽器(洋楽器)では、和声音楽に用いる音から倍音以外を排除しようという方向性を持っていた。
- Musical instruments for Western music (Western musical instruments) had a tendency to eliminate sounds other than harmonic tones from the sounds used for harmonic music.
- 各牛丼チェーンにて牛丼が復活したが、いずれも300円台とBSE騒動以前の価格より値上げされている。
- Gyudon chains revived gyudon but raised the prices to the 300 yen range from the price level set before the BSE problem occurred.
- 麹造りに要する時間は丸2日以上、だいたい50時間で、おおかた以下のような順番で作業がおこなわれる。
- Time needed to produce koji is not shorter than two days, approximately fifty hours and the process is carried out in the following order:
- 広島風は「返し」が難しいとよく言われるが、実はこの生地のばしの段階で半分以上決まるといってもよい。
- Kaeshi' (turning it over) is said to be difficult in Hiroshimafu-okonomiyaki, but in fact the stage when the dough is spread decides more than half of the completed ones.
- コントなどにおいて同じことを2度またはそれ以上繰り返すことで滑稽な効果をもたらすことを天丼と言う。
- In standup comedy acts, when the same thing is repeated twice or more for comic effect, it's called 'Tendon.'
- これにちなみ、浅草の長国寺では、創建以来、11月の酉の日に鷲山寺から鷲妙見大菩薩の出開帳が行われた。
- Because of this, Washi Myoken Daibosatsu was brought from Jusen-ji Temple to Chokoku-ji Temple in Asakusa to be unveiled on Tori no hi in November since its establishment.
- 以後は竹原家が継承し、熊本藩藩校時習館では二条流和歌や礼法とともに武田流の流鏑馬が必修科目とされた。
- After that, the Takehara family inherited it and at Jishukan, a domain school of the Kumamoto Domain, Yabusame of Takeda-ryu became a compulsory subject along with Nijyo style waka (Japanese traditional poems) and manners.
- 明治時代は茶の輸出卸売としてアメリカ合衆国に茶を輸出していたが、大正以降は茶の小売を主な事業とする。
- During the Meiji period, Ippodo, as a wholesaler of Japanese green tea for export, had exported teas to the United States of America, but since the Taisho period it has been engaged mainly in retail business of teas.
- 冬至の日には北緯66.6度以北の北極圏全域で極夜となり、南緯66.6度以南の南極圏全域で白夜となる。
- The polar night occurs in the whole Arctic Circle to the north of the northern latitude of 66.6 degrees, and the night of the midnight sun in the entire Antarctic Circle to the south of the southern latitude of 66.6 degrees, on the day of Toji.
- 日本では、古来より江戸時代初期に至るまで、真夏の盛りを除いて一年を通じて以下のように酒を醸していた。
- In Japan from time immemorial through until the early part of the Edo period, with the exception of mid-summer, sake (rice wine) was brewed year-round as follows:
- 全国きき酒選手権では11種類もの銘柄が並べられ、全て一致する確率は数学的には四千万分の一以下となる。
- However, in the national sake tasting competition, as much as 11 different brands are arranged, making the mathematical chance of matching all the brands 40 million to one and less.
- 撃たれた矢は強大なエネルギーを持っているため、的以外の方向へ飛ぶと重大な事故につながる危険性がある。
- If a flying arrow goes in a different direction from the mato, there is a risk of causing a serious accident due to its considerable energy.
- 日本酒速醸系(そくじょうけい)酒母に比べると育成時間が約2~4倍以上かかり、通常30日近くは要する。
- To develop the yamaoroshi-haishi-moto takes approximately two to four times longer than that of the sokujo-kei (faster moto developing method), normally requiring up to thirty days.
- 明治以後も大相撲の開催地では、土俵も観客席も数日間の興行に耐えられるだけの仮仕立てで造ればよかった。
- From the Meiji period, the dohyo (sumo ring) and the auditorium were built durable enough to last through tournaments lasting several days.
- それに対して満年齢は、生まれた時点の年齢を0歳とし、以後誕生日の前日が満了するごとに1歳を加算する。
- This is in contrast to the Western style of calculating in which a newborn baby is counted as zero year old, and becomes one year older on the at midnight of the day before the subsequent birthday.
- 奄美諸島では江戸時代から第二次世界大戦以前まで、泡盛や黒糖酒(黒砂糖原料の蒸留酒)が製造されていた。
- In the Amami island chain, Awamori and Kokutoshu (distilled liquor made from brown sugar) were produced since the Edo period until before World War II.
- 鰻の養殖業者らが中心となって、夏以外の土用の丑の日にも鰻を食べる習慣を普及させようという動きがある。
- There has been an advertising campaign to promote the consumption of eel on the Ox days other than the summer one, which has been carried out mainly by eel mariculturists.
- 日本の半分以上の地域では桜の開花時期が4月と、つまり会社や学校などの年度始めや学校の新学期と重なる。
- In more than half the areas of Japan, the blooming period is April, which coincides with the beginning of the fiscal year for companies and the start of a new school year for Japanese schools.
- なお、能楽を演じたり教えたりして現金を受け取る行為は、能楽協会会員以外であっても法律上は可能である。
- Legally, those who are not a member of the Nohgaku Performers' Association are not inhibited to receive cash for performing or teaching Nohgaku.
- また弓幹(ゆがら)が板状で断面形状が長方形をなすものをフラットボウと呼称し、それ以外と区別している。
- In addition, a bow which Yugara (wooden or bamboo part between Motohazu (the lower top of the bow) and Urahazu - the top of the bow) is flat and the cross-section surface is rectangular, and this is called a flat bow, distinguishing it from others.
- 5,000匹以上のこいのぼりが鶴生田川、茂林寺川、近藤沼、つつじが岡パークインの4箇所で掲揚される。
- More than 5,000 koi-nobori are hoisted in four places at the Tsuruuda-gawa River, Morinji-gawa River, Kondo-numa Pond and Tsutsujigaoka Park Inn.
- 現在、試合等では弓道連盟の規定により6cm以上の高さが必要だが、かつては流派により巻き様式があった。
- Currently, the Kyudo Federation requires the wakyu to be bound more than six centimeters, but it used to be bound differently depending on the archery school.
- ただ1990年代以降に日本で発生した朝粥ブームもあって、粥の類似料理である茶漬けに凝る人も見られた。
- Some people took to chazuke, which is similar to rice gruel, amid a boom in eating rice gruel for breakfast that began in Japan in the 1990s.
- ジャポニズムは単なる流行にとどまらず、それ以降1世紀近く続いた世界的な芸術運動の発端となったのである。
- Japonism was not only a trend but also the beginning of a worldwide art movement that was to continue for nearly a century.
- 平安時代以降は騎射様式が整理され、流鏑馬・犬追物・笠懸などが成立し、神事・祭礼行事として行われ始める。
- After the Heian period, the form of kisha was settled and yabusame (the art of shooting arrows on horseback), inuoumono (dog-hunting event, needing archery skills), and kasagake (a horseback archery competition) were established, and they started to be used in Shinto rituals and festival events.
- 三には、愚かなる射手弓道の術理を弁へず、邪儀慢心なる夷心を大に和ぐとの道理を以て、大和流と号する也。」
- Third, given that Yamato means to become more even-tempered, I intend to help archers with an inflated sense of their own abilities and who don't understand the truth of Kudo to see reason.
- 地域によっては、餅以外にも「赤い紐を通した五円硬貨・五十円硬貨」といった小銭をまくなどの独自性もある。
- Some local communities have a peculiar style of scattering not only the rice cakes but also 'five-yen coins or fifty-yen coins on a red string.'
- 5月5日が祝日であり、さらに前後に祝日を伴う大型連休期間中にあるため、雛祭り以上に親族総出で祝われる。
- As May 5 is a national holiday and in the middle of the Golden Week holidays (early-May holiday season in Japan), the day is usually celebrated by members of the clan more so than the Dolls' Festival (March 3, a sekku for girls).
- 以下は、原産地の都道府県によって分類した、主な酒米(酒造好適米・酒造適性米を含む)の一覧と概要である。
- The following is a list of the main sakamai (including shuzo kotekimai and shuzo tekiseimai) and a brief explanation of each.
- 日本海側では北海道以南、太平洋岸では北海道南西部から九州にかけての海岸で、低潮線付近から下に生育する。
- It grows south of Hokkaido on the Sea of Japan side, southwest of Hokkaido to Kyushu along the Pacific coastline, and around and below the low-tide line.
- しかし、国鉄分割民営化されJRとなって以降、中央会非加盟の業者にも駅構内での販売を認めるようになった。
- However, since JR started after the division and privatization of JNR, nonmember companies of the Center Committee were also allowed to sell box lunch within station precincts.
- 以上のような事情から、駅構内や駅前の弁当業者の店舗で販売される弁当を総合して「駅弁」と呼ぶ場合が多い。
- Considering these situations, box lunch sold within station precincts or stores established by box lunch companies in front of stations are comprehensively called 'Ekiben' in most cases.
- 以後、山田錦は多くの新種の親株となっていくので、山田穂は昭和時代以降の大半の酒米の品種の祖先にあたる。
- Subsequently, as Yamada nishiki became the mother of many new varieties, Yamadabo became an ancestor of most sakamai after the Meiji period.
- 明治以降、能舞台と見所(けんしょ、客席のこと)の全体を建物でくるむ形式が増え、これを「能楽堂」と呼ぶ。
- After the Meiji period, the number of buildings surrounding the entire Noh stage and Kensho (guest seating) increased, and such buildings are called 'Nohgakudo' (Noh theater).
- 19切戸口(きりどぐち) 能の際の地謡や、能以外の上演形式の際に出入りする人が利用する小さな出入り口。
- 19 Kiridoguchi: A small entrance that Jiuta in Noh and actors in performing arts other than Noh use.
- 室町時代の管領細川頼之に殉死した三島外記入道以来、平時に病死した主君に対して行う殉死の風習が始まった。
- After Mishima Geki Nyudo followed Muromachi period kanrei (Shogun's deputy) Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA into death, the custom of committing seppuku during peacetime following the death of one's master due to natural causes began.
- 一部では正式名称であるかのごとく、そこまではいかないが多くの人の間でも数十年以上にわたり定着している。
- Some people have used 'koryu jujutsu' as if it were the formal name, and many others have used it for decades as a common one, if not a formal one.
- 団扇の用途と機能は、生活用具としての物理的な用途・機能とそれ例外の役割により、以下のように分類できる。
- Usage and function of Uchiwa fan can be classified as follows from physical and other viewpoints.
- 現在ではどのようなルールで行われていたか不明であるが、真剣勝負の場合以外は当身技は除かれたようである。
- At present, what kind of rules the techniques had in those days is unclear, but 'atemi-waza' (body-striking techniques) seems to have been used only in a game played in earnest.
- お茶漬けの始まりは、煎茶や番茶が普及し、茶が庶民の嗜好品として定着した江戸時代中期以降と言われている。
- The start of chazuke history is said to have been in the middle Edo period or later when green tea (middle grade tea) and bancha (coarse tea) became popular with common people.
- 人物や物体の輪郭が線で表現されるのも、ジャポニズム以前のヨーロッパではあまり見られない表現方法であった。
- The technique in which people or objects are outlined was rarely seen in Europe before the introduction of Japonism.
- 摘み取った茶葉をよく蒸し、その後長ければ1日以上天日でしっかりと乾燥させ、その後焙じて出来上がりとなる。
- Picked tea leaves are thoroughly steamed, then completely dried in the sun for over a day if being dried for a long time before being roasted to completion.
- 以降、京都から断片的に流入した武官故実と関東在来の武士の慣習が合わさって、武家故実が体系化されていった。
- Subsequently, bukankojitsu introduced from Kyoto in piecemeal fashion and the traditional customs of warriors in the Kanto region were blended and systemized to create buke-kojitsu (military practices.)
- 日本芸術院から、同会会員以外の者で、卓越した芸術作品を作成した者又は芸術の進歩に貢献したものに授される。
- The Japan Art Academy presents its award to the artists, who are not the members thereof, for their achievement in creating outstanding work of art or for their contribution to the advancement of arts.
- 「夜の梅」という呼称は、とらや以外にも駿河屋と鶴屋八幡で使われているが、いずれも合意の上で使われている。
- The name 'Yoru no ume' is used by not only Toraya but also Surugaya and Tsuruyahachiman (confectionery shops) by common consent.
- しかし、1990年代以降、諸外国にも現代的な日本の大衆文化やサブカルチャーに興味を持つ人々が増えてきた。
- However, in and after the 1990s, the number of people having an interest in Japanese modern and popular culture and subculture has also increased in various countries.
- なお、事前(飲む前日以前に。直前ではない。)に、加水(お湯は使用しない。)しておくことを、前割りと呼ぶ。
- Meanwhile, adding water (not hot water) one day or more prior to the drinking (not right before drinking) is called 'maewari' (pre-dilution).
- もともと六位以下の下級武官の履く苧麻製の「麻鞋(まかい)」がルーツということもあり軽快で活動性に優れる。
- As Shigai was originated from 'Makai,' hemp yarn shoes worn by low-ranking military officers at and under the rank of Rokui (Sixth Rank), it was light and comfortable as well as suitable for active movements.
- また箏曲史全体を見回してみても、『千鳥の曲』はこれ以降の箏曲への大きな転換点のひとつとなったと思われる。
- In a perspective view of the history of koto music, 'Chidori no Kyoku' must have been one of big turning points to new koto music.
- これを以て現在の清酒(せいしゅ)の初見とみなす説があるが、それは以下のように議論の分かれるところである。
- Some people say that this is the first appearance of present seishu (refined sake), but it is controversial because of the following.
- 伝統や格式を重んじる菓子屋では以上の手順を経て作った千歳飴を神社に納め、お祓いを受けてから店頭に並べる。
- Confectionaries, that respect tradition and formality, manufacture chitoseame candies employing the above steps, and then serve the candies at shrines and receive exorcism, and then place them on shop shelves.
- したがって、昼に温かい弁当を食べるためには鞄以外にもこの弁当容器を肩に提げて出掛けなければならなかった。
- Therefore, one had to carry a lunchbox over one's shoulder besides a bag in order to have a warm bento at lunchtime.
- 酒造好適米など、特定の品種を原料米の50%以上使用した場合、品種名とその使用割合を表示することができる。
- If raw material rice of a specific variety, such as shuzo kotekimai is used for 50 % or more, the variety name and the ratio of usage may be denoted.
- 1970年前後には作付け面積が6haにまで減少したが、1990年代以降ふたたび需要が急速に高まっている。
- Until around 1970, the area planted was decreased to six hectares, but the demand has grown rapidly since the 1990s.
- 2007年現在、レトルトカレーは多くのレトルト食品のなかでも最大の3割以上という売り上げ高を誇っている。
- As of 2007, among many retort products, retort curry products account for more than thirty percent of the total sales of retort products, the highest among such products.
- 現代日本では卵を生食できる食品として認知されているが、日本以外のほとんどの国では卵を生食する食習慣は無い。
- Although an egg is recognized as food that can be eaten fresh in modern Japan, there is no such custom of eating a raw egg in almost all countries other than Japan.
- 近世に宮中の宿直である「内裏小番」の制度が確立すると、儀式以外の日常の勤務服として直衣・衣冠が一般化した。
- As the 'Dairi koban' (night guard in the Imperial Court) system was established in the early-modern times, noshi (everyday clothes for nobles) and ikan became common as daily work clothes other than ceremonies.
- また、酒屋へ行ってあれこれ思案し「今日はこの酒を飲もう」と思い入れを以って酒を買ってくることがなくなった。
- In addition, they did not waver over choosing at liquor shops and buy sake with a special feeling that 'I will drink this liquor today.'
- 平安末期以後には祭礼の山車や衣装、宴席の州浜台などに施された華美な趣向を指して「風流」と呼ぶようになった。
- After the end of the Heian Period, festival floats and clothes and the elaborate designs of the theater Suhamadai (standing trays with sandbar patterns) were called 'Furyu.'
- 室町時代以降、小判などの貨幣に刻印されたため、日本国政府を表す紋章として国民に広く認知されることとなった。
- Since it was incused on money such as koban (former Japanese oval gold coin) after Muromachi period, it became widely recognized by the nation as the Monsho representing Japanese government.
- 信豊以降の信時・信恭・信直などは一般的な若狭武田氏の系図には見られない人物であり、信直の経歴は不詳である。
- After Nobutoyo, his successors Nobutoki, Nobuyasu and Nobunao TAKEDA were not shown in the general record of Wakasa Takeda clan, and the biography of Nobunao is unknown.
- 以後いくつもの派に分かれつつ江戸時代には名古屋から九州まで広がり、明治維新後は東日本、北日本にも普及した。
- While separating into many groups, the school spread from Nagoya to Kyushu in Edo period, and even to eastern Japan and northern Japan after the Meiji Restoration.
- それ以外の親族ならば1万円から3万円、勤務先関係・友人・隣近所ならば5000円から1万円であることが多い。
- When the deceased is one of your relatives (excluding your parents, brothers, and sisters), the amount ranges from \10,000 to \30,000, and when the deceased is one of your colleagues, friends, or neighbors, the amount often ranges from \5,000 to \10,000.
- ビールの売り上げが減少傾向にあるのに対し、発泡酒市場は登場以来拡大しアルコール飲料の売れ筋商品でもあった。
- While the sale of beer is on the decline, the low-malt beer market has been expanding and it has been a hot-selling product since its appearance.
- いわゆる「フルーティーな香り」を醸し出す代表的品種で、1980年代以来、吟醸酒の誕生の立役者となっている。
- This is a representative variety that gives a so-called 'fruity flavor' and has served as a main actor in the birth of ginjo sake since the 1980s.
- 精米歩合60%以下の白米、米麹および水を原料とし、吟味して製造した清酒で、固有の香味及び色沢が良好なもの。
- They are a seishu which is produced with rice with a polishing ratio of sixty percent or lower, malted rice and water and produced with special care and it has a unique flavor and the color is favorable.
- 以下3項目は、上槽時に搾りが施されている間の時期(前期・中期・後期など)で分類されるが、明確な基準はない。
- The following three items are classification according to timing (preceding stage, medium stage and late stage) during squeezing at the time of joso, but there is no clear standard.
- なお、沖縄県で代表的な桜はカンヒザクラでその開花時期は1月、つまり九州以北では真冬の季節となる時期である。
- The typical cherry tree of Okinawa Prefecture is the Kanhizakura (Taiwan cherry) and it blooms in January when Kyushu and other regions north of Kyushu are in midwinter.
- 焼き鳥屋以外では、スーパーマーケットなどの惣菜売場や肉屋で売られ、自宅で食べられるようにしている事も多い。
- Other than at yakitori-ya restaurants, yakitori is often sold at the delicatessen section of supermarkets or at butchers, so that it can be eaten at home.
- ただし、産卵後の汚染以外に、菌を保持している親鶏から卵巣や卵管を経由して菌が卵の中に付着する感染経路もある。
- However, there is another contagious route of transferring salmonella from a mother hen to the inside of an egg through the ovary or the fallopian tube.
- 市販の酒粕商品は、熟成の速度を抑えるため、賞味期限120日、10℃以下で保存する旨を表示している商品が多い。
- In order to restrict maturation speed, most sakekasu products on the market carry a best before period of 120 days and an indication to store it below 10℃.
- それぞれを別流派と見なすようになるのは明治以降、茶道文化そのものが存続の脅威にさらされてから後のことである。
- It was after the Meiji period, when the continuation of tea ceremony culture came under threat, that the sansenke came to be regarded as different schools.
- 日本の武術流派では、明治以前には宗家と言う言葉は使用されておらず、各地の門弟を統率するような存在は無かった。
- In Japanese martial arts schools, the term Soke was not used before the Meiji period, and there were no Soke-like positions, which govern disciples nationwide.
- 江戸時代以降は、そのいわれから幕府に遠慮して公には行われなくなり、宮城県松島町の「円通院」に代々伝承された。
- In and after the Edo period, from the meaning of it, it became not to be performed in public out of consideration for the bakufu, and was passed down for generations by 'Entsu-in Temple' in Matsushima-cho, Miyagi Prefecture.
- 発祥については、アルコール飲料作りのためにデンプンを糖化したものを、有史以前より製造していたと見られている。
- Regarding its origin, it seems that glycated starch has been used to make alcoholic beverages since prehistoric times.
- 貴族の衰退と入れ替わるように、武家が権力を持った鎌倉時代以降は、寺社や武家など権門勢家を訪れるようになった。
- Replacing the aristocrats who were on the wane, samurai families became powerful after the Kamakura period and the priests visited the great and powerful such as temples, shrines and samurai families.
- 以後、久原房之助は学園の創立委員、理事となり、二楽荘を学園に提供する意志を表明したが、結局立ち消えとなった。
- Fusanosuke KUHARA subsequently became a charter member and joined the school's board of directors of the school; he expressed his intent to offer Nirakuso to the school, but in the end, it didn't happen.
- 『帝城景物略』には、「雨文、以白紙作婦人首、剪紅緑衣之、以苕箒苗縛小箒、令携之、竿懸簷際、曰掃晴娘」とある。
- In the '帝城景物略,' there is a description that 'As this area has little rain these days, I made a girl doll with white paper, dressing it in clothes made of red and green colored paper, letting it take a small broom made of plant, and hung it under the eaves, giving it the name of 掃晴娘.'
- しかし、映画の技術が発達して、音声が入るトーキーが普及するようになって以後は、活動弁士は不要となってしまう。
- However, the technological development of movies produced and popularized the talkie, so katsudo benshi became unnecessary.
- こうして山田流箏曲は江戸人の嗜好に合い、以後江戸を中心に東日本に普及して、生田流と肩を並べる大流派となった。
- The Yamada school style fitted the tastes of people in Edo, and thereafter spread through eastern Japan from Edo, eventually becoming a movement akin to the Ikuta school.
- 2000年以降は系統選抜によって品種の絞り込みを行い、山田錦とよく似ながらも背丈の低い「静系88号」に確定。
- Since 2000, the narrowing of the scope of varieties was carried out through line selection and fixed to 'Shizu-kei No. 88,' which was very close to Yamada nishiki but had a lower height.
- 基本的には魚体を三枚以上におろし、「節」(ふし)と呼ばれる舟方に整形してから加工された物を指して鰹節と言う。
- The bonito is filleted into three parts or more, and basically it's only after these fillets are cut in 'fushi' (the shape of a wooden ship) and processed that the fillets can be called katsuobushi.
- そのほか旧恵山町周辺で産する黒口浜、津軽海峡の本場折、それ以外の海域で取れたものを場違折などの銘柄に分ける。
- In addition, L. japonica produced on the coast of former Esan-cho Town is called 'Kurokuchihama,' that produced in the Tsugaru Straits is called 'Honbaori' and that produced in other sea areas is called 'Bachigaiori.'
- また各流派には宗家以外にも江戸期に各地の大名家に仕えて能楽の技術指導を行ってきた由緒ある家柄が存在している。
- Besides Soke, there are families that traditionally provided technical instructions of Nohgaku to Daimyo families (feudal lord families) in each school during the Edo period.
- 鏡餅が現在のような形で供えられるようになったのは、家に床の間が作られるようになった室町時代以降のことである。
- Kagami-mochi came to be offered in the style found in the present day after the Muromachi period, when houses began to feature the tokonoma (an alcove in a traditional Japanese room where art or flowers are displayed).
- 処刑方法としての切腹は、1873年(明治6年)に廃止され、以後、日本における死刑では絞首刑が用いられている。
- Seppuku as a method of punishment was abolished in 1873, since which time capital punishment in Japan has been by hanging.
- 古代以来、構造は中心に柄と一体である「棒」を通し、扇部分の縁を「枠」によって素材を固定する例が多数を占める。
- Since ancient times, most Uchiwa fan have had a structure of one main center 'rod,' which also becomes a handle part, and a 'frame' for fixing the material, which shapes the outline of the fan part.
- 江戸時代以前の正座は日本画にも多く見ることが出来、現代では男座(おとこすわり)等の別名で呼ばれている事がある。
- A pre-Edo period seiza style, that today is sometimes called otoko suwari, can be seen in many Japanese paintings.
- その中でも浮世絵以来の美人画の様式を引き継いでいる人気イラストレーターとして、林静一、中村佑介らがあげられる。
- Of those, Seiichi HAYASHI and Yusuke NAKAMURA, among others, are named as popular illustrators who inherit the style of bijinga since ukiyoe.
- そのせいか関西は元より関東の料理屋でも「淡口醤油はヒガシマル以外は使わない」など特定のメーカーへ拘る所がある。
- For that reason, preferences for particular manufacturers such as 'soy-sauce other than that of Higashimaru Shoyu Co., Ltd. is not used' are seen in some restaurants in the Kanto region as well as restaurants in the Kansai region.
- 江戸時代末期に池田甚兵衛が両派の美点を一つに合わせ、一流を成し、以降、これが薩摩琵琶として現在まで続いている。
- At the end of the Edo period, Jinbee IKEDA brought together the beauty of both schools and established his own school and this has came down to the present time as the Satsuma biwa.
- 禅宗が盛んになる13世紀中期以降は枯山水が流行し、15世紀後期まで、仏教美術と非宗教美術の双方ともが繁栄した。
- After the middle of the 13th century when the Zen sect was in full bloom, karesansui (dry garden style) became popular, and both Buddhist art and nonreligious art were prosperous until the latter half of the 15th century.
- 政府は、明治32年(1899年)自家製酒税法を廃止し、これを以って自家製酒(どぶろく)の製造と消費を禁止した。
- The government abolished the Liquor Tax Law controlling home-brewed liquors in 1899, which prohibited the production and consumption of home-brewed liquors (Doburoku).
- だからといって、これ以後に濁り酒がなくなるというわけではないし、清酒も今日のそれと同じものというわけでもない。
- However, it did not mean that unfiltered sake disappeared then, and seishu was not the same as the one at present.
- 原則として『正座をしてユガケを挿す・外す』『弓射以外の作業を行う際は必ずユガケを外す』事が基本的な作法である。
- In principle, as basic manners, 'sitting straight when we put a yugake on or off,' or 'always take a yugake off when we do anything except for kyusha.'
- 的の種類・設置法は、現在は正式に全日本弓道連盟の競技規則(以下競技規則と略称する)によって取り決められている。
- At present the competition rules provided by All Nippon Kyudo Federation (hereinafter referred to as the competition rules) specify the official types of mato and the installation procedures.
- 江戸時代中期以降、地歌、箏曲、胡弓楽はそれぞれ固有の曲も残しつつ、合奏のため同じ曲を共有する比率が高くなった。
- Since the mid Edo period, more and more, jiuta, so-kyoku, and kokyu-gaku tended to share the same songs for ensemble while each maintaining their own songs.
- 近代科学が日本に導入されるはるか以前から用いられていた、麹と酵母を知りつくした昔の蔵人たちの知恵の賜物である。
- It was the blessing of a skilled worker at a sake brewery from long ago who knew everything about malt and yeast even before modern science entered Japan.
- 本来的には、手を拭くために供するものであるが、一部には手以外の身体の部位を含め拭くために用いられることもある。
- Although oshibori are usually served to customers for them to wipe their hands, they are sometimes used to wipe body parts other than hands.
- 昔の七草とは、これ以下の「春の七種 (はるのななくさ)」や「秋の七種 (あきのななくさ)」と異なることを指す。
- The old-time Nanakusa is different from the following 'the seven herbs of spring (Haru no Nanakusa)' or 'the seven flowers of autumn (Aki no Nanakusa).'
- 16世紀から記録が確認できる『なし物』との併用がしばらく続いた後、江戸中期後半以降に塩辛という名称で定着した。
- Salted fish guts are shown in documents to have been also called 'nashi-mono' for a long time since the 16th century, and the name 'shiokara' became popular in the latter half of the mid Edo period.
- 1990年代以降、このインスタントお茶漬けでは、実験的にバラエティーに富んだ具材のものが開発・発売されている。
- Since the 1990s, a variety of ingredients for instant chazuke have been developed and put onto the market experimentally.
- 生卵を食べる場合は、「ひび割れた卵」や「割れた卵」、「割ってから2時間以上経過した卵」を使用するのは危険である。
- To eat a raw egg, it is risky to use 'a cracked egg,' 'a broken egg,' or 'an egg cracked two or more hours before.'
- しかし今日イメージされるような家元制度は富裕町人層によって文化人口が爆発的に増えた江戸時代中期以降のものである。
- However, the Iemoto system as we know it today was established during the mid-Edo period when there was an explosive rise in the civilized population as a result of the rise of the wealthy merchant class.
- 明治以前は踊りとは、はっきりと区別されていたが、ダンスの和訳として舞踊という言葉ができ区別が意識されなくなった。
- Prior to the Meiji Restoration, dances were clearly distinguished however after the term Buyo (Japanese dance) was created as a Japanese translation of the English 'dance,' the distinctions became vague.
- 文化_(元号)・文政期以降になると渓斎英泉が描くような嗜虐趣味や屈折した情念を表すような退廃的な美人画が広まる。
- After the Bunka-Bunsei period, bijinga of a decadent style such as those drawn by Eisen KEISAI, which are of sadistic taste and represented perverse pathos, became popular.
- 明治以後、醸造技術及び企業形態の近代化が進む一方で、醤油が生活必需品である事に目をつけた政府が「醤油税」を導入。
- After the Meiji period, the government introduced 'soy-sauce tax' taking advantage of soy-sauce as a necessity of life, whereas modernization of brewing technology and formation of business organizations proceeded.
- しかし三倍増醸酒は昭和30年代以降も根強く残り、ひいては昭和時代後期に始まる日本酒の消費低迷期を招くこととなる。
- However, sanbaizojo-shu had persistently remained after 1955, which led to a continuing consumer slump of sake which began in the latter part of the Showa period.
- 中でも大崎八幡宮のものは20万人以上が訪れるというもっとも盛大なもので、仙台市の無形民俗文化財に指定されている。
- Among them, Sagicho in Osaki Hachimangu Shrine is magnificent with over 200,000 visitors and it is designated as Sendai City Important Intangible Folk-Cultural Property.
- やがて室町時代以降は堺市、天王寺、京都など近畿各地に、それぞれの地名を冠した『○○諸白』なる酒銘が多数誕生する。
- From the Muromachi period, it became that many sake brands with names consisting of the production district and the term 'moro-haku' were produced throughout the Kinki region in places such as Sakai, Tennoji and Kyoto.
- 布団(重)を7段重ね、担ぎ棒の上に掛け布団と呼ばれる布団を2~4枚乗せており、200以上の部品で構成されている。
- The chosa contains more than 200 parts, including seven layered futon (ju) and a few sheets of futon on the shouldering poles, called kake-buton (a top cover).
- 千歳楽は高梁市・旧美星町以南の備中國分で広く分布するが、備讃瀬戸の島嶼部香川県側でも一部この呼称が使われている。
- The senzairaku is widely distributed in Takahashi City and in the area south of old Bisei-cho in Bicchu-Kokubun and this name is also used in some island areas of the Kagawa Prefecture side in Bisanseto (the area of Seto Inland Sea between Okayama Prefecture and Kagawa Prefecture).
- 「砂張打物の名人」「いがみ浄益」といわれ、天明の大火以後様々な事情でふるわなかった中川家の中興の人物といわれる。
- Joeki was referred as the 'Master of hammered alloy of copper, tin and lead' and 'Igami Joeki' (the Crooked Joeki because of his slightly crooked handwriting inscribed on his works) and is said to be the person responsible for revitalizing the Nakagawa family which had been on shaky grounds due to the various circumstances after the Great Fire of Tenmei.
- 1998年(平成9年)以前は、すべての酒造好適米において心白は「粒の平面の1/2以上の大きさ」と規定されていた。
- Up through the year 1998, it was stipulated that shinpaku must have 'the size of one half the fair surface of the grain or larger' for all varieties of shuzo kotekimai.
- 冷や以下の温度帯で飲むと初めは口あたりが先行して良く、なかなか酔わず、いくらでもスルスルと飲めそうに感じられる。
- Therefore, if taken at the temperature range below hiya, the drinker feels it is smooth in the mouth and does not get drunk easily and feels like he can drink without any limits.
- 特定名称の使用が定められる以前は、特級、一級、二級という日本酒級別制度が存在した(詳しくは日本酒の歴史を参照)。
- Before the use of specific names is provided for, there existed the sake grading system of tokkyu (special class), ikkyu (first class) and nikyu (second class). (For more information, refer to the 'History of Sake.')
- 箱麹法(はここうじほう)は、蓋麹法から「3. 盛り」以降を簡略化する手法で、普通酒を中心とした酒質に用いられる。
- Hako koji method is a technique in which the procedures of '3. Mori' and after that in futa koji method are simplified and it is used for sake quality centering on futsushu.
- 新年を祝う言葉を以ってあいさつし、旧年中の厚誼の感謝と新しい年に変わらぬ厚情を依願する気持ちを添えることが多い。
- A word of celebration for the new year is written as a greeting, often followed by an appreciation for cordial friendship in the past year and a request for continued kindness in the new year.
- 台湾では1990年代の日本文化ブーム以来、日本と同じ型の招き猫を店先やレジスターの後ろなどに置いている店が多い。
- At many shops in Taiwan, maneki-neko identical to those found in Japan have been placed out front or behind the register since the Japanese cultural boom of the 1990s.
- 近世以前の事例を見ると、一部の例外を除いて、切腹は敵に捕縛され、斬首されることを避けるための自決に限られている。
- With certain exceptions, the examination of early modern period examples shows that seppuku was limited to serving as a means of committing suicide in order to avoid being beheaded after being captured by one's enemy.
- 以降、カーボンファイバー製、ケプラー製等現代的な素材を使用した弓が次々と開発、工業的に生産するメーカーが現れる。
- Bows made from various modern ingredients such as carbon fiber and Kevlar were created since then, and many businesses were established that created them industrialy.
- 江戸時代、唐箕が普及する以前は脱穀後、選別する籾を箕などに入れて掲げ、人の手による風で籾殻を飛ばし選別していた。
- Before winnower came into wide use, put on a basket like winnow after grain threshing, paddy was separated from rice husks by wind made by hand in the Edo period.
- 製法は原材料にもち米と長期熟成させた麹を加え、水の量を5割以上も減らして仕込み、もろみを絞る数日前に木灰を加える。
- It is manufactured by adding rice malt which has been fermented for a long time to mochi rice and fermenting with half the usual amount of water and adding charcoal a few days before refining the sake.
- 以前は、江戸へ下り酒として大量輸送される灘五郷のような大ブランドを例外として、基本的に日本酒とは地産地消であった。
- Previously, sake usually had been locally consumed as local products except for famous brand like Nada gogo where a large amount was shipped to Edo as kudarizake.
- 戦後に成人した世代は、旧来の日本酒との接点を持たずに大人になり、増産酒以前の日本酒に味覚的郷愁を持っていなかった。
- The generations who grew up in the postwar period without having a relation with conventional sake did not have a sense of nostalgia in the taste against the sake before zosanshu.
- やがて、京都以外の土地でも酒屋が出現するようになり、こういうところで造られた酒が京都の酒市場に出回るようになった。
- Soon, sake breweries appeared in various places other than Kyoto and the sake produced there came to be distributed in the sake market of Kyoto.
- この為ユガケを挿したままでは物を掴む等の行為が困難になるため、弓射以外の作業を行う際はユガケを外す事となっている。
- For this reason, it is difficult to grasp something and so on with a yugake on, and they have to take it off when doing things except for kyusha.
- 壺飾は古くからの習いだが、それ以外は江戸時代に(特に後期になって)拝領品への配慮として生じた取り扱いだと思われる。
- Tsubo kazari (a tea procedure for opening the tea jar and displaying it to the guests) is an old tradition; others are thought to have been formed during the Edo period (especially during the late Edo period) to show the consideration for the giver of the present.
- *以降、馬場・装束、種類・様式項は流派や地域により多少の差異(的の大きさなど)が見られるため、参考程度として記す。
- *Please note: the following paragraphs (variety/style of riding grounds, costumes) differ slightly depending on the region/style and are noted for reference only.
- 本州以南で、一般に花見を行う場合、近い場所で日帰りで行われることが多いが、観楓会は一泊程度の宿泊を伴うことが多い。
- When hanami is held in Honshu and below, it is often held during the day time and in near places, but in many cases kanpukai is held with one night stay.
- 原料に本わさびの量が50%以上の場合は「本わさび使用」、50%未満の場合は「本わさび入り」と表示されるものもある。
- When the ratio of honwasabi is 50% or more of the total content, the products concerned can be displayed with 'honwasabi is used'; however, when the ratio is less than 50% the products concerned should be displayed with 'containing honwasabi.'
- 1901年(明治34年)に『白鶴』が一升瓶で日本酒を販売するようになって以来、百年余りにわたって主流を占めてきた。
- Since 'Hakutsuru' commenced to sell sake with ishobin in 1901, it was the mainstream for over one hundred years.
- 近年では、消費者の「生」志向に乗じて、滓下げ以降の工程を施さず無濾過生原酒として出荷する酒蔵もあらわれてきている。
- In recent years, in line with the tendency of the orientation for 'nama' (raw) by consumers, some breweries deliver sake as unfiltered raw unprocessed sake without conducting process from orisage and thereafter.
- 揚げたてが格段に美味しく、1960年代以前は子供が揚げたてのコロッケを買ってその場でおやつに食べる風景も見られた。
- Korokke right out of the hot oil is particularly delicious, and before the 1960's children often ate freshly-fried korokke at shops for a snack.
- 日本以外の文化圏で育った人にとって、生卵を食する習慣はカルチャーショックであり、時にはゲテモノ食と映る可能性もある。
- The custom of eating a raw egg is a culture shock for those who grew up in culture areas other than Japan, and it can be even regarded adventurous.
- ジャポニズム以降は地平線が画面上部に描かれたり、あるいは背景全部が地面または床になることが普通に見られるようになる。
- After the introduction of Japonism, techniques in which the horizon was depicted in the upper half of the picture or the entire background of the picture was occupied by ground or floor became commonplace.
- 早稲田大学稲吟会、明治大学詩吟研究部、関西大学吟詩部、岡山大学吟詩部はいずれも50年以上の歴史を持つサークルである。
- Waseda University Togin Kai, Meiji University Shigin Kenkyu Club, Kansai University Shigin Club and Okayama University Shigin Club respectively have over 50 years of history.
- 大学以上の場合、3尺9寸が上限となっているのは、従来の3尺8寸を、日本人の体格向上にあわせて1寸伸ばしたものである。
- With an increase in the average of height of Japanese, the longest shinai, for university students and adults, was also increased from 3 jaku 8 sun to 3 jaku 9 sun.
- 農業類に関する行事も戦前ごろまで大きな行事であったが、農家の減少や機械化により農村部以外では行われないようになった。
- Although events concerning agriculture, etc. were major events around before the war, they are only held in rural areas due to decreased farmers and mechanization.
- その意味では日本画は明治以降のものであり、明治の横山大観が日本画家であっても、江戸時代の狩野永徳は日本画家ではない。
- In that sense, Nihon-ga is defined as those created after the Meiji period, which means that Taikan YOKOYAMA of Meiji was classified as a painter of Nihon-ga but the Edo period painter Eitoku KANO was not.
- また、武家社会以外でも王朝時代から続く公家社会での冠礼における引入及び裳着における腰結も仮親による成人儀式であった。
- In addition to the samurai society, the court noble society during the Nara and Heian periods also had coming-of-age ceremonies where nominal parents, similar to the eboshi-oya, assumed the role of 'hiki-ire' (a person who sets a young man's hair into a crown) during a Kanrei (a ceremony where a man is given a crown for his attainment of manhood) and 'koshi-yui' (a person who ties a band around a young woman's waist for her coming-of-age ceremony) during a Mogi (coming-of-age ceremony for girls).
- 後に、三人以上であったり、手だけでなく体全体を用いたりするものも現れたが、基本的に形によって勝敗を決める遊びである。
- This chooses the winner and loser basically with shape and the game that used three players or whole body instead of just hands started to appear later.
- 一方で、朝鮮半島ではワカメを日本以上に多食し、韓国国民一人あたりの年間ワカメ平均消費量は、日本の三倍と言われている。
- However, seaweed is more widely consumed in the Korean Peninsula than in Japan, and the mean annual seaweed consumption per capita in Korea is three times higher than that of Japan.
- しかしながら前述の通り、この日を「最初の駅弁の日」として認定する根拠は70年以上が経過してから編纂された文書である。
- As mentioned above, however, designating July 16 as 'the day when the Ekiben was first sold' is based on a document compiled after more than 70 years had passed.
- 2006年現在、広島市だけで800軒以上(1992年中国新聞調べからの推定)、広島県内には2000軒あるといわれる。
- At present (2006), it is said that there are more than 800 shops just in Hiroshima City alone (estimated from a survey by Chugoku Shinbun newspaper in 1992) and 2000 shops in Hiroshima Prefecture.
- それ以降は蓋をせずに両表面をカリッと焼き上げれば、中はふわっとしたままの、絶妙な焼き上がりのお好み焼きが出来上がる。
- Then, cook both surfaces until crispy with the lid off and then the okonomiyaki, with the inside fluffy, will be cooked up well.
- しかし、これも炊きあがり直前に生卵を載せるものの、食べる際には半熟以上に固まっているため、生卵を食べるとは言いがたい。
- However, though a raw egg is added immediately before completion of the food, the egg is boiled more than half when it is eaten, and therefore it is also hard to say they eat a raw egg.
- 竹輪の起源は弥生時代とも平安時代ともいわれはっきりしないが、いくつかの室町時代以降の書物に蒲鉾という名で記されている。
- The origin of Chikuwa is said to be the Yayoi period or Heian period but there is some uncertainty, however there are written records of Chikuwa after the Muromachi period.
- 砂糖が貴重品だった時代の名残ともいわれるが、古い時代の卓袱料理の献立では汁粉以外の菓子類等が出されており、確証は無い。
- It is said that Ume Wan is a legacy from times when sugar was a precious commodity, but according to the menus of the Shippoku Cuisine in ancient times, some sweets other than shiruko were also served; hence this opinion remains inconclusive.
- 親子丼が鶏の肉と鶏の卵を使うことに対し、鶏肉以外の肉(牛肉・豚肉)を使用する事(他人の肉を使用する)から名づけられた。
- Oyako-don is made using chicken and eggs, whereas tanin-don is made using meat except for chicken (beef or pork), i.e., using meat of a stranger for an egg; hence tanin-don is named after this recipe.
- 奇しくも昭和48年は、昭和30年(1955年)以降ずっと減少していた焼酎の消費が、日本酒とは逆に増加に転じた年である。
- Strangely, 1973 was the year when the consumption of shochu, which had continuously decreased since 1955, began to increase, contrary to sake.
- 以後、二楽荘は、大谷光瑞が中国の旅に出る中、住吉村 (兵庫県)に豪邸を構える大阪の富豪で旧知の久原房之助に売却された。
- After that, while Kozui OTANI was travelling in China Nirakuso was sold to Fusanosuke KUHARA, a rich man from Osaka living in a luxury house in Sumiyoshi Village (Hyogo Prefecture) whom Kozui had known.
- 俗箏(ぞくそうまたはぞくごと)とは、雅楽の楽箏に対し、近世、八橋検校によって始められた箏曲以降の箏、および箏曲を指す。
- Zokuso (zokugoto) is the koto or the koto music from the time Yatsuhashi Kengyo reformed the koto music in the early modern ages of Japan, and his koto contrasts with gakuso (the koto used in gagaku [ancient Japanese court music and dance]).
- また鶏肉以外に牛肉や豚肉を単独で、あるいは豆腐や海鮮類(牡蠣や鱈)などを一緒に煮炊きする場合も水炊きと呼ぶことがある。
- Other than chicken, a dish made with beef or pork alone or together with tofu (bean curd) and seafood (oysters or codfish) is also called mizutaki sometimes.
- 中にも山形県の麹屋からは、第二次世界大戦以前までは実際にそのようにして麹を得ていたという具体的な証言が得られたという。
- Among them, a shop of rice malt in Yamagata Prefecture gave specific testimony that it had actually made malt in such way before World War II.
- 新陰流では、革に赤漆を施して表面の劣化を防ぎ、全長を三尺三寸(小太刀一尺七寸五分)と定め、縫い目を以って刃と見立てる。
- For example, the Shinkage-ryu school fixes the length at about 100 cm, or for kodachi (small sword) at about 53 cm, coating the leather sleeve that covers the sword with red lacquer to protect the surface from wear and tear; the seam of the sleeve is used to represent the sword's blade.
- 以上の詳細は高森直史の『海軍 肉じゃが物語 ルーツ発掘者が語る海軍食文化史』(光人社 2006年)に詳しい叙述がある。
- Details of the above mentioned story are found in 'Navy Nikujaga Story: a Root Finder Tells a History of Food Culture in the Navy' (Kojinsha, 2006).
- 明治以降、尖閣諸島の魚釣島や日本が国際連盟の委任統治領としていた南洋諸島(南太平洋の島々)でも製造されるようになった。
- During the Meiji period, katsuobushi also started being produced in Uotsurijima Island, of the Senkaku Islands, and in the South Sea Islands (which were then Japanese territories as mandated by the League of Nations).
- 酒造メーカーによっては、1年以上熟成した酒に古酒・古々酒・大古酒・熟成酒・秘蔵酒などの名称を冠して販売することがある。
- Certain sake breweries sell sake, which has been stored for one year or longer, under names such as koshu (old sake), kokoshu (old old sake), daikoshu (very old sake), jukuseishu (matured sake) and hizoshu (treasured sake).
- しかし、ビニール容器入りの煎茶も、1980年代末期以降、缶入りやペットボトルの烏龍茶や緑茶が普及したため少なくなった。
- However, sencha in the vinyl made container has also declined due to the spread of oolong tea and green tea sold in a can or a plastic bottle since the end of the 1980s.
- 1990年代中盤以降日本で親しまれている発泡酒は、主に麦芽比率の低いビールの一種、またはビール風アルコール飲料である。
- The low-malt beer popular in Japan since the middle of the 1990s is mainly a kind of beer with a low malt ratio or beer-like alcohol drinks.
- このように、元来、和語(大和言葉)の「こと」という言葉は、現在の和琴の元となった弥生時代以来の「こと」から発している。
- Thus the word 'koto' belonging to Wago (the ancient or primordial Japanese language) was originally derived from the 'Koto,' which had existed since the Yayoi period, becoming the prototype of '和琴' (Wagon).
- 北海道では丸餅と角餅が混在しているが、これは明治以降に移り住んだ人たちによって全国各地の雑煮が持ち込まれたためである。
- In Hokkaido, some people eat round mochi and others eat square ones, because people migrated to Hokkaido from all over the country and brought various types of zoni there since the Meiji period.
- 一説では弓を張った状態で矢を番える位置で分けた弓の上下の長さの比率が黄金比に近く、和弓の美しさの所以とも言われている。
- One theory holds that the beauty of wakyu is due to the golden ratio that exists between the distance from the top of the bow to where the arrow is cocked and the distance from where the arrow is cocked to the bottom of the bow.
- 2人以上が有効打突の表示をした場合、もしくは1人の審判員が有効打突を表示し2人が判定の棄権を表示した場合、一本となる。
- If two or three referees show a Yuko-datotsu, or if one referee shows a Yuko-datotsu and the other two show their abstention from the decision, then one Ippon is taken.
- ビーフカツは関西地方以外では一般的でないため、ビーフカツカレーも大阪の一部の店などで出される地方料理のようになっている。
- Since beef cutlet curry is not popular in places other than the Kansai region, beef cutlet has become a sort of local cuisine served in some restaurants in Osaka.
- 明治以降、尺八が三曲へ本格的に参入し、『千鳥の曲』も尺八各流派で合奏用に手付けされ、その意味では尺八曲であるとも言える。
- In Meiji period and later, shakuhachi was fully included in sankyoku music, and 'Chidori no Khyoku' was also arranged by each school of shakuhachi for an ensemble, in which context it can be a song for shakuhachi.
- そのためか一般受けせず、新古今組は吉沢の直系以外ではほとんど演奏されないが、このスタイルを踏襲した京極流箏曲も存在した。
- For this or another reason, Shinkokin-gumi is seldom played by musicians out of the direct line of Yoshizawa, but there was Kyogoku school of koto music that followed this style.
- 江戸時代中期以降、大阪の峰崎勾当、三ツ橋勾当らにより器楽部分である手事を重要視した地歌の楽曲形式「手事物」が完成される。
- The mid Edo period and onward saw the completion, by Koto MINEZAKI and Koto MITSUHASHI, of a jiuta musical style called 'tegotomono' in which importance was placed on the instrumental part between songs.
- 味はかなり濃厚で、しばしば独特の臭みがあるため、地元以外では好き嫌いが分かれるが、近年は匂いを抑えたものも作られている。
- Because it has quite a rich taste and often unique strong aroma, likes and dislikes of people outside the production area split in two, but in recent years some types with reduced the aroma are also produced.
- ヤコマン装置によりそれを回収・液化して、醪の中に戻したり、あるいは元の醪以外の日本酒へ添加することもかつて行われていた。
- In the past, such flavor was recollected and liquefied by Yakoman equipment and returned into moromi and, sometimes, added to other sake than moromi from which such flavor is recollected.
- 1990年代以降は、それぞれ開発地の地名を冠する静岡酵母、山形酵母、秋田酵母、福島酵母なども高く評価されるようになった。
- In and after 1990's, sake yeasts named after the place of development, such as Shizuoka yeast, Yamagata yeast, Akita yeast and Fukushima yeast came to be highly valued.
- 生酒などフレッシュさを売り物にしている酒質の場合は、本当に燗に耐えられないため涼冷え以下で飲んだほうがうまいこともある。
- In the case of sake quality which is characterized by freshness, such as namazake, as it cannot stand kan (warming), it tastes better to drink ryobie or below.
- このため、以前は「魔除けの矢」などとNHKニュースで表現していた日本放送協会も最近は「破魔矢」という語を使うこともある。
- Therefore, Japan Broadcasting Corporation, in refraining from the use of the trademark, had used to express the lucky charm in other words such as 'Mayoke no Ya' (arrow of amulet) in the NHK news program before, but today it often uses the word 'Hamaya.'
- また、六段以降は更に合格率が下がり、六段は約10%、七段は約8~10%、最高位の八段となると僅か1%という狭き門となる。
- Also, the examination pass rate decreases further for Rokudan and above, which forms a strait gate as approximately 10% for Rokudan, 8% to10% for Shichidan and, in the case of the highest level, Hachidan, only 1%.
- 飯に汁をかけるという供食方法としては平安時代以前に遡ることは確実で、例えば『枕草子』や『源氏物語』にも湯漬けが登場する。
- Eating rice with liquid poured over it undoubtedly dates back to the Heian period; for instance yuzuke (hot water on cold rice) appears in 'Makura no soshi' (the Pillow Book) and 'Tale of Genji.'
- 神楽の大前張を催馬楽曲としるした譜本があり、嘉禎節付本には「大前張以下半出二於催馬楽一」(一、二は返り点)と注されている。
- There are books that describe osaibari of Kagura as Saibaraburi (music based on melody and beat of Saibara), and Katei fushizuke hon (book with tunes) notes '大前張以下半出二於催馬楽一' (一 and 二 are kaeriten [return marks to help read Chinese literature in Japanese]).
- 特に平曲は鎌倉時代以来、当道座の表芸であったが、江戸時代には次第に沈静化し、代わって地歌、箏曲を専門とする者が一般化した。
- Especially, heikyoku which had been the typical profession in todoza since the Kamakura period became less popular among the blind, but the popularity subsided in the Edo period and instead the blind specialized in jiuta and so music was more common.
- しかしビールの売り上げが低下したため、政府は1996年秋、酒税を改訂、麦芽率50%以上の発泡酒の税率をビールと同じとした。
- However, because beer lost sales, the government revised the alcohol tax in the fall of 1996 so that the tax for low-malt beer containing 50% or higher malt was raised to match that of beer.
- 雅楽と平曲は絶対音高の音楽であるため、楽琵琶と平家琵琶は絶対音の楽器であり、相対音高の音楽である近世以降の琵琶楽と異なる。
- Gagaku and Heikyoku are music with absolute pitch so the Gakubiwa and the Heike biwa are instruments with perfect pitch, and they are different from the Biwagaku, music with relative pitch, after the early-modern times.
- ここでは、日本酒の消費が減少へと転じた昭和48年(1973年)以降を以って、日本酒の歴史における昭和時代後期と位置づける。
- In the following section, the latter part of the Showa period in the history of sake is defined as the period after 1973 when the consumption of sake began to decrease.
- 江戸時代頃には武家や庶民にも定着し、江戸幕府では公式行事として、征夷大将軍以下全ての武士が七種粥を食べる儀礼を行っていた。
- Around the Edo period, Nanakusa-gayu became popular among samurai families and ordinary people; the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) held the ceremony as their official event in which all samurai warriors including the seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') ate Nanakusa-gayu.
- この違いは顕著で、また近隣の中国や朝鮮の音楽と比べても、和楽器には噪音(倍音以外の音)を多く含む音を出す楽器の比率が高い。
- This difference is conspicuous, and in the case of Wagakki the percentage of instruments that generate sounds, including a large number of noises (or sounds other than harmonic tones), is high, even by comparison to the music of neighboring countries such as China and Korea.
- 使用する白米1トンにつき120リットル(重量比でおよそ1/10)以下のアルコール添加(アル添)をしてよいことになっている。
- The addition of an amount of alcohol (aruten) not exceeding 120 liters per ton of polished rice (the weight ratio of alcohol to rice is 1:10) is allowed.
- 生物の構成において蛋白質が重要である以上、精米歩合の高い麹米・掛米から造られた醪は、酵母が生きていくにはよい環境ではない。
- Since protein plays an important role in the composition of an organism, moromi produced from kojimai and kakemai with a high rice-polishing ratio is not a good environment for yeast to live.
- 江戸時代の人々が花見などの際に酒を背負っていくときに使ったらしい、黒漆塗りの角型の樽だが、幕末以降は見られないようである。
- Sashidaru is a black-lacquered square barrel used in the Edo period for carrying sake on one's shoulder for a cherry blossom viewing party, but it was not seen during and after the end of the Edo period.
- 以前、因島出身の東ちづるが、料理番組でコンニャクを加えて「広島では入れるんです」と言ったことがあるが、この地域だけである。
- Before on the cookery program, Chizuru AZUMA from Innoshima City, adding konjac (alimentary yam paste) in okonomiyaki, said 'in Hiroshima it is added,' but only in this area.
- 中には真竹以外の竹をヒゴに使用したり、前竹に煤竹を使用したもの、雲紋竹、胡麻竹等の紋竹を主に鑑賞目的で使用したものもある。
- Among those, the bamboo other than madake is used as higo, a susudake (bamboo with soot, those that are placed as a thatched roof of a house) is used for maetake, and unmonchiku (Leopard bamboo, Phyllostachys nigra f. boryana), Phyllostachys nigra cv. Punctata are sometimes used for decorative purposes.
- 以前は金星 (相撲)を提供してしまったときのみにこれが見られたが、最近では幕内に負けてもほぼ例外なくこれが起るようになった。
- Originally this only happened when rank-and-file wrestlers in sumo's highest division won against a yokozuna however recently it happens almost without exception even if the yokozuna loses to a ranking wrestler in the senior division.
- 日本では、2003年より政府開発援助やUNICEFを通じた支援を実施、3年間で200万張以上の蚊帳を世界各国に配布している。
- From 2003 in Japan, support was implemented through official development assistance and UNICEF, and over two million mosquito nets were distributed throughout the world in three years.
- 左の絵では比較しにくいが、ジャポニズム以前の絵画では、地平線の位置が画面中央付近から下部に水平に表現されるのが普通であった。
- In paintings before the introduction of Japonism, the horizon was usually depicted horizontally in the lower half of the picture, although it is difficult to compare this in the two pictures shown on the left.
- サッポロビール(ドラフトワン)やサントリー(スーパーブルー)から発売されており、発泡酒よりも350ml缶で10円以上も安い。
- They were originally sold by Sapporo Breweries Ltd. (Draft One) and by Suntory Holdings Limited (Super Blue) and one 350ml can is cheaper than that of low-malt beer by 10 yen or more.
- 新居浜型の太鼓台に似た姿だがさらに大型で飾り面も大きく、高さ5m余り、重量2.5t以上、2輪の1.8mの木車により曳かれる。
- The mikoshi-yatai is a taikodai similar to the taikodai of Niihama City in form but more upsized with larger decorated panels, having a height of about 5m, weights of more than 2.5t, and two 1.8m diameter wooden wheels which tow the mikoshi-yatai.
- きき酒師は20歳以上であれば誰でも受けられ、同会の主催する講習会を受講した後、筆記・実技の試験に合格すれば認定を受けられる。
- The qualification for the sake taster certification is offered to any person aged 20 and over; applicants are required to take a workshop conducted by SSI and pass the written and practical exams to be certified.
- いずれにせよ清酒(せいしゅ)は、やがて『菩提泉』に代表されるような平安時代以降の僧坊酒にその技術が結集されていくことになる。
- Anyway, the techniques to brew seishu brought together to brew Soboshu (the sake brewed in major temples) typified by 'bodaisen' (a name of sake) after the Heian period.
- 表千家四代千宗左より、豪商佐野紹益と名前が紛らわしいことから浄益に改めるよう申しつけがあり、これ以降は代々「浄益」を名乗る。
- Since the name Shoeki was confused with the name of a business tycoon Shoeki SANO, he was instructed by the fourth head of the Omote-senke Sosa SEN to change his name to Joeki and, thereafter, the subsequent generations of head of the Nakagawa family have referred to themselves as 'Joeki'.
- 特に、江戸時代中期以降は地歌が盛んでなかった東京をはじめとする東日本に、生田流系箏曲とともに地歌が再び広まる機会ともなった。
- Particularly, along with the Ikuta school of sokyoku, it was an opportunity for jiuta to spread again to Tokyo and eastern Japan, where jiuta had lost popularity since the middle Edo period.
- 当該工場以外にも調達先があるため「牛肉の在庫は確保しており、24時間販売の見直しはしない」(吉野家HD広報部長)としている。
- Having supply sources other than that plant, it said; 'We are not going to abandon round-the-clock sales because we have already secured the stock of beef.' (the public affair manager of Yoshinoya Holdings Co., Ltd.)
- 最後に吟醸香を引き出すために使用する白米1トンにつき120リットル(重量比でおよそ1/10)以下の醸造アルコールを添加する。
- At the end, in order to draw out the ginjoko, distilled alcohol is added in an amount not exceeding 120 liters per ton of polished rice (the weight ratio of alcohol to rice is 1:10).
- そこで開始されたのが、国立能楽堂に三役の技能を伝授する学校を設置し、玄人の子弟以外の人材を能楽界に取り込むという試みである。
- In an attempt to respond to the situation, an institution for teaching the techniques of Sanyaku was established in the National Noh Theater to attract people other than Kuroto's children to the field of Nohgaku.
- これは「己の名誉と贖罪の為、死を以って償う」という切腹の理念が「日本人の伝統」として固定化されたためであるという意見もある。
- There is the opinion that this is due to the seppuku principle of 'redeeming one's own honor and atonement through death' becoming established as 'the culture of the Japanese people.'
- 明治時代以降、手揉みにかわる能率的な機械製法が考案され、現在では蒸熱、粗揉、揉捻、中揉、精揉、乾燥の6工程で製造されている。
- Since the Meiji period, the hand-kneading process has been replaced by newly devised, highly efficient methods of machinery manufacturing, and now sencha is manufactured through the six processes of steaming, coarse kneading, crumpling, secondary kneading, precise kneading and drying.
- そして、昭和40年代以降、扇風機やクーラー、焜炉の普及に伴い、生活での団扇の実用面は縮小し、その姿は減少の一途を辿っている。
- Uchiwa fan has been loosing its practical role due to the drastic change in living conditions such as the spread of electric fan, air conditioner and stove since 1965
- 近畿地方以外では、名古屋市など中京地方でどて煮とともに串カツを供する店で頼めば、どて煮の八丁味噌の煮汁に串カツを浸けてくれる。
- Outside the Kinki region, in the Chukyo region including Nagoya City, if you order a kushikatsu at a bar that serves both kushikatsu and dote-ni (cow line meat stewed in miso, sugar and sake), the kushikatsu will be served dipped in the dote-ni broth flavored with hatcho miso (bean paste).
- 散楽戸の廃止で朝廷の保護を外れたことにより、散楽は寺社や街頭などで以前より自由に演じられ、庶民の目に触れるようになっていった。
- After the abolition of Sangaku-ko and the Imperial court's protection, Sangaku was performed more freely than ever before at temples/shrines or on streets and caught ordinary people's eyes.
- 沖縄以外の地域でぜんざいと呼ばれる暖かい食べ物を、沖縄ではホットぜんざいと呼んでいるが、沖縄ではあまり一般的に売られていない。
- The warm dish called zenzai in the regions other than in Okinawa is in Okinawa known as 'hot zenzai,' but it is not normally sold in Okinawa.
- その意味において、一般的に明治以降宮城道雄に至るまでの間に作られた箏曲は、多くが『千鳥の曲』の延長線上に存在すると言ってよい。
- In that context, we can generally say that most of koto music pieces composed since Meiji period to the emergence of Michio MIYAGI are on the line of 'Chidori no Kyoku.'
- 以前は東海道新幹線(一部山陽新幹線)車内でも、鰻丼に似た「うなぎ弁当」(通称「うな弁」)を販売していたが、現在では見かけない。
- Previously, 'unagi-bento' (a box lunch containing broiled eel, commonly known as 'una-ben') used to be sold on the Tokaido Shinkansen (and partly on the Sanyo Shinkansen), but that is no longer the case.
- これも極めておおざっぱな目安であるが、一般の小さな酒蔵だと年間500石、大手の酒蔵で年間5,000石以上といったところである。
- As this also is a very rough guide, a small brewery in general produces 500 koku annually and a large brewery more than 5,000 koku.
- 雑煮に入れる餅は関東のように汁に入れる前に焼いて香ばしさを意図したものと、関西以西の生のまま汁に入れて煮るものとに細分される。
- Mochi for zoni is prepared in two ways: In the Kanto region they are baked to enjoy the smoky aroma before being placed in soup; in the Kansai region and to the west of Kansai they are put into a soup to simmer.
- 日本の酒税法では、ビールと発泡酒は区別されており、例えば定められた副原料以外を用いた場合はビールとは認められずに発泡酒になる。
- The Japanese Liquor Tax Act distinguishes beer from low-malt beer and beverages are classified as low-malt beer if they contains ingredients other than those stipulated for beer.
- 懐石料理は茶会以外の場、例えば料亭や割烹などの日本食を扱う料理店をはじめとして様々な飲食店で懐石料理を提供するところが増えた。
- Nowadays, kaiseki ryori is often served at places other than tea parties such as fancy Japanese-style restaurants and kappo-ryotei (fancy restaurants serving mostly Japanese cuisine) which are specialized in Japanese cuisine, and various other restaurants.
- このような事からお茶漬けは、下層階級の食事形態とされ支配階級以上の家庭では大っぴらには食べず、やむを得ない場合の軽食とされた。
- Therefore, chazuke was considered to be a dish of the lower class, so families of the ruling class or higher did not openly eat it, except as a quick light meal.
- 古代遺跡や奈良時代の仏像にも現代の正座と同じ座り方があることから、座り方そのものは江戸時代以前から一般的であったとも考えられる。
- Moreover, due to the fact that the sitting styles of Buddha statues found at ancient sites or made in the Nara period are the same as the current seiza style, it is likely that the style itself was commonly used even before the Edo period.
- 金平糖は「甘い」と連想され、それ以降は砂糖・雪・ウサギ・カエル・葉っぱ……と味・色・行動・形状などの要素をもとにした連想が続く。
- The lyrics to this song are based on a kind of word association starting with konpeito, which is thought of as having the 'sweet taste' of sugar, which in turn leads us to think of melting snow (as sugar melts in the mouth), a white rabbit (as snow is white), a hopping frog (as rabbits hop), a green leaf (as frogs are green), and so on, continuing this word association based on various elements such as tastes, colors, actions and shapes.
- しかし、これではデンプン以外の成分で、蒸すことによって変成するタンパク質などが処理されないため、製成酒は鈍重に仕上がってしまう。
- However, since the components other than starch, such as protein, which should have been modified by steaming could not be modified in this method, the sake became dull.
- しかし、本格的にワイン生産が行われるようになったのは、文明開化を受けて洋風文化を積極的に摂取するようになった明治時代以降である。
- However, the winemaking began in earnest after the Meiji period when the proactive adoption of Western culture took place following civilization and enlightenment.
- 札位牌は、一人あるいは夫婦など二人以上の戒名等が表面に書かれた(彫られた)位牌である(書かれた人が存命中は、朱色の字にしておく。
- Fuda-ihai is an ihai inscribed (or engraved) with the posthumous Buddhist name(s) of one person or more such as husband and wife on the surface (the name of the person on ihai is inscribed in vermilion when he/she is still alive).
- 検校(けんぎょう)は、室町以降江戸時代幕末まで、盲人の自治組織である当道座に属した盲人に与えられた四段階の官位の内、一番上の位。
- Kengyo is the highest rank among four court ranks given to blind people who belonged to Todo-za, which was a traditional guild for the blind, from Muromachi period to the end of Edo period.
- 食生活の様式が欧米的なものへ移り変わったので以前のような傾向は減ってはいるようであるが、京番茶という名前は日本全国的に知られる。
- People there drink kyo-bancha less frequently now because their diet has become more Westernized, but still the name kyo-bancha is widely known across Japan.
- 大吟醸酒とは精米歩合50%以下の白米、米麹および水を原料とし、吟味して製造した清酒で、吟醸酒よりさらに徹底して低温長期発酵する。
- Daiginjoshu is a seishu which is produced with rice with a polishing ratio of fifty percent or lower, malted rice and water and produced with special care and for which fermentation is carried out at a lower temperature spending a longer time compared to ginjoshu.
- 酒税法第3条によると、酒類は「雑酒」のほか、「ビール」「リキュール」など17種類に分類され、それぞれ以下の定義が与えられている。
- According to the Liquor Tax Act, Article Three, alcoholic drinks are divided into 17 kinds of drinks and 'other drinks' and the 17 drinks include 'beer' and 'liqueur,' and the classifications are defined below.
- また、さくらの開花を平均値(1971年~2000年の30年間の累年平均値)と比べて、2日以内のズレであれば「平年並」と発表する。
- If cherry blossoms come in to bloom within two days of the average date (based on the cumulative annual average over 30 years between 1971 and 2000), it will be reported as 'average.'
- 江戸期以前の日本には芸術家としての「画家」という概念が無く、絵画の専門家は絵を描く技能に長けた技能者あるいは職人と見なされていた。
- Japanese people did not use to have the concept of a painter as an artist in and before the Edo period, but they thought of a painting specialist as a technician or a craftsman who had excellent skills of painting.
- 中世以降、中国では布袋になぞらえた太鼓腹の姿が弥勒仏の姿形として描かれるようになり、寺院の主要な仏堂に安置されるのが通例となった。
- Since the middle period, Miroku bodhisattva has been depicted with a paunchy appearance similar to that of Hotei in pictures and those pictures have been commonly placed in major Buddhist buildings of temples in China.
- 酒のついでにカラオケを楽しむのではなく、純粋にカラオケで歌うために赴く場所であり、それ以前の概念を根底から覆す画期的な業態だった。
- It was a place to go not to enjoy karaoke while drinking but to purely sing to karaoke, and was a revolutionary structure that knocked the bottom out of the old concept.
- それ以外にも酵母、乳酸菌など多くのものに支えられて日本酒が醸造されるので、広義にはそれらすべてを「日本酒の原料」と呼ぶこともある。
- Other than such ingredients, as sake is brewed using many substances such as yeast and lactic acid bacterium, all of them are in certain cases called 'ingredients for making sake.'
- この時に猿楽という言葉は意識的に能楽に言い換えられ、以降、現在に至るまで、前述の3種の芸能を総称する概念として使用され続けている。
- At this time, the term 'Sarugaku' was consciously changed to 'Nohgaku,' and the term 'Nohgaku' has been used since then until now as a general concept for the three types of performing arts described above.
- 日本以外でも複合素材で作られる様になっていったが、丈が短い事と素材選択やその改良や接合方法やその方向性は、日本とは全く違っていた。
- A bow came to be made of compound materials in countries other than Japan, but was short and totally different from the point of selected materials, the method of improvement, construction, and directionality.
- だが、いまや酒類も食糧も巷間にあふれ返っているにもかかわらず、上記のような背景から人は思い入れを以って味を選択しなくなってきていた。
- However, although markets are flooded with many liquors and food, people do not choose their favorite tastes with special feeling because of the above reasons.
- しかし、1990年代以降は不況や大学進学者の増加などで高卒者の採用を取り止める企業が増えたため成人を迎える従業員も年々減少している。
- However, since the number of companies which stopped hiring high school graduates due to the recession and increase in the number of high school graduates who went to university has increased in and after 1990s, workers entering adulthood decreased yearly.
- 吟醸系(吟醸酒・純米吟醸酒・大吟醸酒・純米大吟醸酒)と非吟醸系(それ以外の酒)は、この過程において以下の二つの点で造り方が分かれる。
- Ways of producing ginjo system (ginjoshu, junmai ginjoshu, daiginjoshu and junmai daiginjoshu) and non-ginjo system (other than above-mentioned) sake differ in the following two points in this stage.
- 幾つかの決まり文句があるが一般的に同僚や同年輩以外の年長者や世話になった相手には賀正、迎春などの2文字熟語は避けるのが慣わしである。
- There are several fixed phrases, but it's customary not to use two-letter words such as 賀正 and 迎春 to elders and people who have helped, except for colleagues and friends of nearly the same age.
- また「梓弓」等季語として和歌にも詠まれるように人々にとって弓は武器以上の精神的な意味を持つようになり、神器としての特色も深めていく。
- In addition, 'azusayumi' (a bow made of Japanese cherry birch) began to be used as a kigo (a season word) in waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables), and the bow began to develop spiritual aspect into a holy tool rather than being just a weapon.
- 寿星は南極老人星(カノープス)とされ、容貌は時期によって諸説あるが近代以降は禿げた長大な頭に白ひげをたくわえた老人とされることが多い。
- Shouxing, the God of Longevity is considered to be Canopus and there are various opinions on his physical appearance depending on the time in history but, since the modern era, it has often been defined to be a bald old man with an elongated head sporting white beard.
- 以後、1930年代に入ると国情不安、軍部の台頭などによりこのような風俗はつとに減少し、また日本酒をめぐる情勢も激変していくこととなる。
- After that, such folkways decreased early because of the unstable condition of the nation and the rise of the military in the 1930s, and the circumstances of sake had greatly changed.
- 応仁の乱(1467年-1477年)後100年以上にわたり、日本では政治的、社会的、そして経済的に分裂した戦国時代 (日本)に突入した。
- After the Onin War (1467 - 1477), Japan entered the Sengoku period (period of warring states), and was politically, socially, and economically divided for more than 100 years.
- だが、それらの多くは、以下のように詩情といった点はともかく、『千鳥の曲』と共通点が多い(その他高低二重奏が多い点は『五段砧』に類似)。
- Most of these songs have many common points with 'Chidori no Kyoku' other than the poetical imagination (in addition, frequent use of duet in high and low tones is similar to 'Godanginuta') as follows:
- 博多の郷土料理が起源とされることが多いが、鶏の鍋焼きは江戸時代から全国的にあり、明治以降になって鳥鍋として盛んに行われるようになった。
- Although mizutaki is often said to have its origin in a local dish of Hakata, hot pot of chicken had existed nationwide from the Edo period, and became popular as chicken pot (fowl cooked in a flat pan) from the Meiji period.
- 布団屋根以外の形態としては 神輿屋根や山車型の破風屋根のもの、また布団や屋根のないもの(支輪まで、または高欄までの簡素な構造)がある。
- In addition to the futonyane style, there are several different styles of the roofs; the mikoshi-yane (a roof of mikoshi), the gable roof in dashi form, and no roof nor huton (simple structure with up to the shirin or the koran from the base).
- また古酒に関しても、酒類評論家のなかには「5年以下は古酒と認めない」という立場をとる人もおり、明確な定義が確立されているわけではない。
- With respect to koshu, also, no clear definition has been established as some sake commentators take the position that 'Below five years, it cannot be acknowledged as koshu.'
- 18日間として考えると土用入りの日から6日以内に丑の日があると(すなわち土用入りの日が申から丑の間の場合)もう一度丑の日が巡って来る。
- Provided that the doyo has 18 days, the Ox day comes around twice when the first Ox day comes within 6 days from the first day of the doyo, in other words, when the first day of the doyo falls on the day of the Monkey, Cock, Dog, Boar, Rat or Ox (based on the twelve signs of the Chinese zodiac).
- しかし現状では、能楽協会会員以外の者が仕事として演能を依頼されることは、和泉のような極めて稀な事例を除き、日本国内ではまずあり得ない。
- In the current situation, however, it is practically impossible for someone who is not a member of the Nohgaku Performers' Association to be offered a job to perform Noh within Japan, except for very rare cases such as IZUMI.
- 特に頭肉(かしらにく)を利用したものが主流で、軽く塩焼きしたものを10種類以上の香辛料をブレンドしたピリ辛味噌だれで食べるのが一般的。
- The major ones use head meat in particular, and generally, yakitori lightly grilled with salt is eaten with spicy misodare (miso-based marinade) that blends more than 10 kinds of spices.
- - 機械弓など特殊な弓以外では、矢の瞬間最高速度は、秒速約90m位有るが、弓の性能、矢の形状、引き具合などの要因で、速くも遅くもなる。
- The highest instant rate for an arrow is about 90 meters per second except with particular bows such as the machine bow, which depends more on the ability of bow, the form of arrow and how strong a bow string is pulled.
- ガラス瓶やプラスチック製の液体容器が普及する以前には、酒に限らず醤油、油など液状のものを貯蔵するために広く使われた(醤油徳利、油徳利)。
- Before glass bottles or plastic liquid containers were introduced, tokkuri had been widely used to store liquids such as soy sauce or oil (Shoyu dokkuri, Abura tokkuri).
- しかし時勢の悪化により1938年に年賀切手の発行が中止、1940年には特別取扱が中止され、太平洋戦争勃発以降はさらに自粛の声が高まった。
- However, due to the worsening condition of the times, an issuance of New Year's postcard stamps stopped in 1938, the special handling was stopped in 1940 and there was an increased demand for voluntary restraint with the outbreak of the Pacific War.
- - 明治以降、鉄道(水戸線)の開通に伴い、土産品として売られた(天狗納豆が発祥とされる)のをきっかけに、産地としてもっとも知られている。
- Since the Meiji period, in keeping with the opening of the railway (Mito Line), natto has been sold as a souvenir (it is said that the first one was Tengu natto), and this area is famous for the production of natto.
- アメリカ映画の『ロッキー_(映画)』では主人公が複数の生卵を飲み干すシーンがあるが、日本人と日本人以外では受け止め方が異なる可能性がある。
- There is a scene in an American movie 'Rocky' where the main character swallows up a plurality of raw eggs, which Japanese and non-Japanese may receive differently.
- しかし、1990年代以降盆栽が海外でも注目を集めるとともに見直す動きが高まり、若者の間でも粋な趣味として再認識されるようになってきている。
- However, from the 1990's, bonsai gathered attention overseas and there has been a trend towards seeing it in a new light, and as a new awareness of bonsai has grown as it has become a stylish hobby among young people.
- 特に『千鳥の曲』は明治以降、箏曲としては名古屋系のみならず広く生田流各派、さらには山田流にも普及し、ほとんどの流派で演奏される曲となった。
- Especially 'Chidori no Kyoku' diffused as a koto music not only in the Nagoya line but also into various groups in Ikuta school, and even into Yamada school to be played in almost all schools in Meiji period and later.
- やがて幕末には箏が地歌から再独立して行くが、この際にも手事物形式はそのまま箏曲に受け継がれ、明治以降にも手事を持つ箏曲が多数作られている。
- Eventually in the end of the Edo period, koto became independent from jiuta once again, but the form of tegotomono was directly inherited by sokyoku; thus many sokyoku, including tegoto, were created since the Meiji period.
- オージー・ビーフの確保に目処がたち、店舗も首都圏を中心に他牛丼チェーンとくらべ数もすくないことから、4月以降も牛丼販売継続すると発表した。
- However, it announced that it would continue gyudon sales in and after April because the chain, whose outlets were fewer in number than other chains and located mainly in Tokyo and adjacent prefectures, had a prospect of securing Australian beef.
- 皮肉なことに、昭和48年以降は消費の減退というかたちで日本酒業界の衰退が誰の目にも明らかとなったために、かえって以前の少数派に光が当たった。
- Ironically, the decrease of consumption of sake after 1973 revealed the decline of the sake industry, which gathered attention to the former minority.
- 下り酒は、はじめは菱垣廻船で木綿や醤油などと一緒に送られていたが、享保15年(1730年)以降は樽廻船として酒荷だけで送られるようになった。
- At first, kudarizake was shipped by higaki-kaisen (a cargo-vessel between Edo and Osaka) with other goods such as cotton and soy sauce, but it came to be shipped independently by taru-kaisen (a cargo-vessel carrying sake barrels) since 1730.
- 元々は越後国で甲冑・鎧を作っていたが、茶道具を初めて手掛けた初代・中川與十郎が紹益を名乗り、二代目浄益以降の当主は浄益という名を継いでいる。
- The Nakagawa family initially were body armor craftspeople in Echigo Province but the first Yojuro NAKAGAWA who made tea utensils for the first time in the family history assumed the name of Shoeki which was passed down to subsequent generations of men that headed the Nakagawa family as Joeki.
- これまでリードを続けてきた地歌は、すでにこれ以上進みようがないほど音楽的に頂点に達し、音楽家たちは新たな展開を箏や胡弓に求めることとなった。
- Jiuta had represented the cutting edge, but were now seen to have reached a level which could not be surpassed, and this led musicians look for new ways to develop koto and kokyu music.
- ただし、新年度以前の春休みの3月に桜が開花する九州・中国地方・四国地方などの一部の地域や5月に開花する東北地方や北海道ではこの限りではない。
- However in certain parts of Kyushu, the Chugoku and Shikoku Regions cherry blossoms start blooming in March when school children are on holiday ahead of the start of a new term for school, and in the Tohoku Region and Hokkaido cherry blossoms start blooming in May.
- しかし以下のものが重要無形民俗文化財に指定されている他、民俗芸能(郷土芸能)としてその伝統を引き継ぐものは多々あり、面影をしのぶことができる。
- However, as well as the following mai dances which have been designated important Intangible Folk Cultural Properties, there are many mai dance traditions which have been handed down as folk performing arts (local performing arts), so we can see the remnants of mai dance traditions.
- また、江戸時代以前には起源がなく、専ら近現代的な行事として始まったものや、他地域の伝統的な夏祭りを模倣した(またその影響下にある)ものも多い。
- Besides, there are many natsumatsuri that had not existed before the Edo Period but began solely as modern festivals or otherwise started as an imitation of some traditional festivals in other regions (or under their influence).
- 室町時代の一条兼良はこの三書を、『西宮記』は古礼、『北山抄』は一条天皇の時代以降の儀式、『江家次第』は後三条天皇の時代以後の儀式と記している。
- Kaneyoshi ICHIJO of the Muromachi period recorded that 'Saikyuki' is about old ceremonial styles, 'Hokuzansho' is about ceremonies during and after the era of Emperor Ichijo, and 'Goke-shidai' is about ceremonies during and after the era of Emperor Gosanjo.
- だが、17世紀以後琉球王国や奄美諸島などで黒砂糖の生産が開始されて薩摩藩によって日本本土に持ち込まれると、砂糖が用いられるのが一般的になった。
- In the 17th century, the production of brown sugar began in the Ryuku Kingdom, Amami Islands and other areas, and then the sugar was brought to Japan's mainland by Satsuma clan and became a common sweetener for yokan.
- ガラス・プラスチック容器が一般化する以前、酒等の小売店は客に店名・商標等を書いた徳利を渡し、商品(酒)をその中に注ぐという方式で販売していた。
- Before glass or plastic containers were widely used, sake shop owners sold sake by giving out the tokkuri first, on which the name of the shop and a trademark were written, to their customers and poured sake into it.
- テレビの歌番組で歌手の歌に合わせて歌詞の字幕スーパーも放映するようになって以後、楽曲によってはそのCD自体にカラオケが付属するようにもなった。
- Since lyrics started to be captioned along with the song by a singer in a TV music show, a karaoke version of some of the songs was made to be included in his CD.
- 近年、とくに辛口ブーム以降、この日本酒度が酒の辛口甘口を論じる決定的な規準のように考えられている風潮があるが、これは厳密な意味では正しくない。
- In recent years, especially since the dry sake boom, there is the tendency to deem nihonshudo as the decisive standard to determine the dryness of sake, but this is not correct.
- また、アメリカ合衆国などでも以前から一定の人気があったが、今日では多くの食料品店で売られており、『tofu』 自体も英単語として定着している。
- In the United States of America, tofu--which has long enjoyed a certain popularity--is now sold at many grocery stores, and the word 'tofu' has become common in the English language.
- 竿の先に回転球や籠玉、その下に矢車を付け、五色もしくは鯉などを描いた吹流しを一番上に、以下真鯉、緋鯉、等を大きさの順に並べて揚げるのが一般的。
- It is common to have a rotating sphere and kagodama (round ornament), to put a windmill below that with a streamer having five colors or a carp design on the top, and to hoist magoi, higoi and others in the order of size.
- 古来は大弓(だいきゅう)と呼ばれており、全長およそ2m以上のものを大弓、それ以下のもの(約45cm〜160cm程度)を半弓として区別していた。
- It was called as Daikyu in ancient times, and those that were longer than 2 m was called as Daikyu, and shorter bows (approximately 45 to 160 cm) were labeled as Hankyu small-sized bow.
- しかし、運営上の理由などからこれ以外の試合時間を採用することも認められており、公式大会の決勝戦では2007年より試合時間が10分へ変更された。
- However, the adoption of the match time other than these is also permitted for administrative reasons, etc., and in 2007 the time was changed to ten minutes for the deciding match of an official competition.
- 盆の上で砂糖を三度ほど「研ぐ」ことが「和三盆」の名の由来になっているが、最近では製品の白さを求めて5回以上「研ぎ」と「押し舟」を行うことが多い。
- The name 'Wasanbon' is originated from 'Togi' to knead sugar on the tray about three times, but these days they often perform 'Togi' and 'Oshibune' five times or more to make the product white.
- また、農村社会では夏季の農事による労働の疲れに関わる行事、都市社会では江戸時代以前の夏季の疫病の死者を弔う行事を起源とするものが多い傾向にある。
- Also many of the natsumatsuri festivals tend to have originated in the events observed in rural communities to relieve farmers' fatigue from their agricultural work in the summer season, or originated in the events observed in urban communities to hold memorial services for the people who died from epidemic in summer before the Edo Period.
- 騎射は弓術の中でも最高位のものとされ、弓が戦場での主戦力でなくなって以降、泰平の江戸時代に置いても武士の表芸としてその位置付けは変わらなかった。
- Kisha was considered to be of the highest rank among archery, and it was still considered as the same as a Samurai's profession during the time of quiet in Edo period even though archery was no longer the main weapon in battle.
- ゴマダラカミキリが侵入しない施設で2年間生育されたもの以外は輸入を認めないとする内容であり、2009、2010年度の輸出が事実上不可能となった。
- The regulations prohibit the import of garden trees which have not been grown for over two years in a facility which prevents the infestation of Asian long-horned beetles and exports effectively became impossible in 2009 and 2010.
- 特に南北朝時代 (日本)以後には、都市には町衆、農村には乙名などの有力な指導層が現れて、彼らが主導する祭礼や芸能の中で「風流」が取り入れられた。
- After the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) in particular, powerful leaders like Machishu (rich merchants) in the urban areas and Otona (leaders of farmer's organizations) in the rural areas appeared, and 'Furyu' was included in the festivals and performing arts that they hosted.
- 地歌は三味線音楽として最も長い歴史を持ち、他の三味線音楽の規範となった部分も多いためか、それ以外の三味線音楽でも時おり「三曲」を扱うことがある。
- The three instruments of 'sankyoku' are sometimes used for other schools of shamisen music perhaps because jiuta has a long history as shamisen music and has been the norm for other schools of shamisen music.
- 酒造りが近代化される明治時代以前は、精米は水車で行なわれ、半切り桶の中に蒸米と水をいれ、櫂(かい)で丹念にすりつぶすという大変な重労働であった。
- Before the Meiji period when sake brewing became modernized, yamaoroshi was extremely hard work: rice milling was conducted powered by a water wheel; then, steamed rice and water were put into a flat large tub and were patiently rammed with a mash paddle.
- 最近では多くの蔵がこの方法を採用し、米種以外の条件を揃えて消費者の米種別の嗜好を模索したり、それぞれの米種にあった醸造法が研究されたりしている。
- In recent years, many breweries have adopted this method and, preparing various conditions other than the variety of rice, have sought to identify consumer preferences for varieties of rice or pursue brewing methods suitable for each variety of rice.
- 盛平が「合気道」の名称を用い出したのは昭和23年(1948年)、合気会発足からである(それ以前は「合気武道」「大日本旭流柔術」等と称していた)。
- Morihei began using the name 'aikido' in 1948, since the establishment of Aikikai (prior to which he had used the names 'Aikibudo,' 'Dai Nippon Kyokuryu Jujutsu,' etc.).
- 逆に便器のトップシェア2社は、エレクトロニクス制御技術や陶器以外の新素材導入では家電品メーカーに水を空けられており、温水洗浄便座では苦戦している。
- In contrast, the two top share companies of the toilet basin fall behind the household appliance manufacturers in the introduction of new materials except for the technology of electronics control or pottery and the two have a tough time in the market of onsui senjo benza.
- 以来、永らく麹造りは、酒造りの工程に占める重要性と、味噌や醤油など他の食品への供給需要から、酒屋業とは別個の専門職として室町時代まで営まれてきた。
- For a long time since, until the Muromachi period, koji production was operated by specialists who were independent from sake traders because of its importance for the process of sake brewing and the supply and demand for other foodstuffs such as miso and soy sauce.
- そこで親友以外は「梅花箋」という紙で裁った幅2寸、長さ3寸のカードに相手の名前、住所、めでたい言葉を書いて代わりに召使を新年の挨拶をしに行かせる。
- Therefore, except for the closest friends they wrote the name and address of the receiver and words of congratulation on a 6.06cm-wide and 9.09cm-long card made of 'baikasen' (literally, ume [plum]-blossom paper) and sent an envoy for the New Year's greeting.
- 明治22年(1889年)に出版された辞書「言海」にも「正座」という言葉が出ていないことから、「正座」という観念は明治以降に生まれたと考えられている。
- Since the word 'seiza' did not appear in the 'Genkai' dictionary published in 1889, it is regarded that the concept of 'seiza' originated in or after the Meiji period.
- なお、2006年の酒税法改正以前は「その他の雑酒(1)」、清酒から粉末酒までのいずれにも該当しない酒類の内、みりんに性質が類似するものとされていた。
- Prior to the revision of the Liquor Tax Act in 2006, it was designated 'other sake (1)' and considered a type of sake similar in properties to mirin and not classified as refined sake or powdered sake.
- しかし明治時代に東京方言を基盤に標準語・共通語が整備されて以降、学校教育やマスコミ等の影響で東京をも含め全国で伝統的な方言は衰退していく傾向にある。
- However, after the standard dialect or common language was developed based on a Tokyo dialect in the Meiji period, traditional dialects have been on a declining trend nationwide including Tokyo due to influence of school education, mass communication, etc.
- さらには、2000年代以降の個人情報保護の社会的動きや、取引先と社員の癒着の防止の観点から、取引先企業から各社員自宅への贈答品を規制する動きもある。
- Moreover, to comply with the social tendency of private information protection that has risen from the 2000's, and to prevent collusion between associate companies and employees, there are restrictions on receiving gifts from associated companies to the home of an employee.
- 本来は胡弓と箏の合奏曲であるが、胡弓奏者がきわめて少ないため、吉沢検校直系の音楽団体である「国風音楽会」以外では、胡弓入り合奏はあまり行なわれない。
- It was originally an ensemble of kokyu and koto, but an ensemble with kokyu is seldom performed except by 'Kokufu Ongaku Kai' (the Traditional Japanese Music Association), a music association in the direct line of Yoshizawa Kengyo, because there are very few kokyu players.
- 近代以前は、麹と水を合わせる過程において空気中に自然に存在する酵母を取り込んだり、酒蔵に棲みついた「家つき酵母」もしくは「蔵つき酵母」に頼っていた。
- Prior to the modern era, in the process of mixing koji and water, yeasts naturally existing in the air were taken into or 'yeast of the house' or 'yeast of a brewing house' were utilized.
- それ以外の成長段階の名前では、和名を決めるといった「名前の標準化」が行われていないため、それぞれの呼び名は、多くの場合、地方によってまちまちである。
- Because the 'standardization of names' according to growth stages other than the mature stage, such as the designation of the Japanese name, aren't made, they're frequently called by different names in different regions.
- これにより、焼酎を多く加えた飲用みりん(アルコール分23度以上、またはエキス分8度未満)については焼酎と同じ税率となり、直しへの需要は急激に廃れた。
- Because of that amendment, the tax rate of drinking mirin containing a large amount of shochu (the products whose alcohol content is 23 proof or above, or the products whose content of extracted component is below 8%) was raised to the same level at that of shochu, and consequently there was a sharp drop in the demand for naoshi.
- ケシ粒に熱い蜜を少量ずつかけ、回転させながら目的の大きさと凹凸状の突起ができあがるまで、1週間から2週間以上の時間をかけて粒をゆっくり成長させていく。
- With rotating the pan in constant motion, shower small amount of hot syrup over poppy seeds and slowly repeat the process for over 1 to 2 weeks until konpeito has grown to the desirable size and the prongs have been formed.
- それ以外では尾張、三河、美濃で造られ伊勢湾から合流する中国もの、他には山城、河内、播磨、丹波、伊勢、紀伊で造られた酒が下り酒として江戸に入っていった。
- In addition, other sake made in the Owari, Mikawa and Mino Provinces and shipped from Ise-wan Bay and those made in the Yamashiro, Harima, Tanba, Ise, and Kii Provinces were distributed in Edo as kudarizake.
- 「国樔」は「国主」「国栖」とも書き、奈良時代以前の日本各地に散在していた非農耕民で、その特異な習俗のため大和朝廷からは異種族扱いされていた人々である。
- The term 'Kuzu' (国樔) is also written as '国主' or '国栖' which meant nonagricultural people who spread to various places of Japan before the Nara period and were regarded as a different race by Yamato Dynasty because of their particular culture.
- 全国新酒鑑評会では全国新酒鑑評会鑑評制度第一部、すなわち「山田錦以外の品種を単独使用、または山田錦の使用割合が原料の50%以下」の完成酒に区分される。
- In the Zenkoku Shinshu Kanpyokai, it is classified as the primary section in the Appraisal System of the Sake Zenkoku Shinshu Kanpyokai, namely, kanseishu (literally, completed sake) as the 'single use of a variety other than Yamada nishiki or a Yamada nishiki usage ratio of 50% or less.'
- 柔道 (特に現代柔道)、合気道が世に出、全国に普及して以降、これらと区別するため、日本古来の柔術を「古流柔術」という表現を用いて区別するようになった。
- From when judo (especially, the modern judo) and aikido emerged and became popular nationwide, the jujutsu handed down from its origin began to be called 'koryu jujutsu' to make a distinction between itself and the two.
- 駆除を手段とした蚊よけが蚊取り線香のみであった時代には重要な役割を果たしていたが、電気蚊取り機の普及以降、線香と共に一般家庭における役割を縮小している。
- During the period when no means other than kayariki were available for extermination of mosquitoes, kayariki played an important role, but their role has been shrinking as well as the use of incense at home, as electric mosquito repellent heaters have become widely used.
- しかも、配給量は日中戦争開始以前、まだ小作農が農業人口の大半を占めていた昭和11酒造年度(1936年-1937年)の米の生産高に基づいて算出されていた。
- In addition, the amount of the ration was calculated based on the production amount of the Showa 11 brewing year (1936 to 1937) when half of the farmers were tenant farmers before the outbreak of the China-Japan War.
- 日本では、明治5年12月2日(1872年12月31日)まで天保暦が用いられていたため、新暦導入以前の和暦とグレゴリオ暦の日付には差異があり元日が異なる。
- Tempo-reki was used in Japan until December 2, Meiji 5 (December 31, 1872), and the resultant difference in dates means that New Year's Day under the Gregorian calendar will differ from that under the traditional Japanese calendar.
- 元日を基準とするのでグレゴリオ暦の導入以前は、暦法により元日が新暦に対し異なるため、数え年の計算には注意が必要である(単純に西暦で計算してはいけない)。
- As the New Year's Day is the base date in the traditional Japanese age system, care is should be taken when calculating someone's age with this method because the New Year's Day under the Gregorian calendar is different from that under the traditional Japanese calendar that had been used until the Gregorian calendar was introduced.
- 時節柄、直後にはそれほど生産高は伸びなかった(参照「日本酒の歴史昭和時代以降」)が、戦後になって著しく全国へ普及し「酒米の王者」と称せられるまでになる。
- In those difficult times, the amount of production didn't increase immediately (refer to 'History of sake: Showa period and later'), but it became nationally popular after the war and came to be called the 'king of Sakamai.'
- かつては、鰹節と呼び、広く流通していたが、かつお以外を原料とするものまで混じっていたことから、商品としての誤解を避けるため、「削り節」と呼ぶこととなった。
- Formerly, it had been popular under the name of 'katsuobushi' which meant literally 'shavings of dried bonito,' but since the term was often used to include products of fish other than bonito, it became to be called 'kezuribushi' (shavings of dried fish) in order to avoid misunderstanding caused by its name.
- これは、東京オリンピックを契機に、それまで9割以上が砂利道であった市町村道にも急激にアスファルトによる舗装が広まっていったこととも関係していると思われる。
- This may be because gravel municipal roads which made up more than 90% were rapidly asphalted taking advantage of the Tokyo Olympic Games.
- 1年以内に不幸(親族の死去)のあった家からは年賀状を出さない風習があり、その場合に年内に「喪中であるので年賀のご挨拶を遠慮する」旨の葉書を出すことがある。
- It's a custom that a family that has experienced the death of a relative doesn't send a nengajo, but alternatively the family sends a postcard saying, 'We refrain from New Year's greetings due to the mourning period' within the year.
- 年末の一定時期(具体的には12月20日~12月30日の間)に指定された郵便局に持ち込めば、「1月1日」の消印で元日以降に配達するという仕組みになっていた。
- In the special handling system, as long as nengajo is brought to a specified post office during a specific period at the end of the year (specifically from December 20 to December 30), it will be delivered no sooner than New Year's Day postmarked with the date 'January 1.'
- 広島以外の地域ではこれらの麺入りのお好み焼きを関西風と区別する意味もこめ、総じて「広島焼き」と呼ぶことが多いが、広島人であれば必ずと言っていい程使わない。
- Except in the Hiroshima region, in order to distinguish the okonomiyaki including these noodles from Kansaifu-okonomiyaki, it is generally called 'hiroshimayaki' (Hiroshima-style savory pancake with various ingredients) but people in Hiroshima never use this word.
- また、同文書には「食品工場等は、殻付き卵の輸送、配達及び貯蔵は、10℃以下で行うべきである。」との記述があるが、これは消費者側で全て確認することは出来ない。
- The document also describes 'food factories should transport, deliver, and store shelled eggs at 10 degrees or lower,' but consumers cannot check the storage condition.
- 一般的な製法は、蒸したもち米に同量以上のみりんを加えてかき混ぜるか、蒸したもち米に焼酎と米麹を加えるなどして仕込んでおいたものを、数週間後に臼で引きおろす。
- It is usually made by adding the equivalent or greater quantity of sweet cooking sake (mirin) to steamed mochi-gome (glutinous rice) and mixing, or adding shochu (distilled spirit) and malted rice to steamed mochi rice and leaving it to ferment for a few weeks and then grinding with a mortar.
- 明治以降も盆栽は粋な趣味であったが、培養管理には水やりなど手間と時間が必要なために、生活環境の推移によって次第に愛好者は時間的余裕のある熟年層が多くなった。
- Even after the Meiji period, bonsai was a stylish hobby, however as time and effort were required for managing cultivation and watering, due to the changes in lifestyles, it gradually became a hobby of older generations who had the spare time.
- 思い入れを以って飲む酒、かみしめるように味を鑑賞しながらほどほどに酔う酒である日本酒は、そうした時代の趨勢と懸け離れたまま、どんどん低迷していくことになる。
- The sake which should be drunk to some extent with having a special feeling and tasting well, fell into a slump, apart from such trends of the period.
- また多種多様な酵母のなかで日本酒の醸造に用いられる酵母を清酒酵母といい、種は80%以上がSaccharomyces cerevisiae(出芽酵母)である。
- Among the large number of yeasts, yeasts used for sake brewing are called sake yeast and more than eighty percent of the varieties are Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast).
- この豆乳が冷えないうちに凝固剤としてにがりを適度に加え、櫂と呼ばれる木の板で撹拌する(にがりを打った以降の一連の作業を寄せと呼び、職人の技の見せ所である)。
- A moderate amount of bittern is added to the warm soy milk as a coagulant, and it's stirred with a wooden board called a kai (paddle) (the series of task after the addition of bittern is called 'yose,' and it's a high point where the workman shows his technique).
- 清楽は以前に伝わっていた明楽と合わせて明清楽と呼ばれ、幕末から明治初期にかけて流行したが、日清戦争の頃急速に下火となり、現在ではわずかに長崎に伝えられている。
- The Qing-era Chinese music was considered the combination of Ming and Xing-era Chinese music combined with the Ming-era Chinese music (popularized in Japan during the early 17th century) that had been introduced before and became popular from the end of the Edo period to the early Meiji period, but it died down around the Japanese-Sino War and it has slightly been carried on only in Nagasaki.
- 日本でも古くは「なます」と言えばこの「膾」を意味していたが、院政期以降、魚介類や野菜を刻み調味料を合わせて食す料理である「和え物」と同一視されるようになった。
- なます, namasu' in old Japan meant this 'namasu, 膾,' but after 'Insei' period (period of the government by a retired emperor) it was identified with 'aemono' which is the dish made by chopping sea foods or vegetables, dressing them with flavoring materials.
- その期間は冷凍商品「豚丼の具」、「牛焼肉丼の具」のみ発売していたが、2008年4月以降「冷凍牛丼の具」も一部の通信販売や生活協同組合などで販売を再開している。
- Yoshinoya sold only 'butadon ingredients' and 'beef yakiniku bowl ingredients' of frozen foods during the period, but resumed sales of 'frozen gyudon ingredients' through some mail orders or co-op stores after April 2008.
- 桜の開花状態を示す指標の一分咲き・二分咲きと同様に葉桜では葉と花の割合を示す言葉として満開以降は舞い始め、六分葉桜、七分葉桜、八分葉桜、九分葉桜のように呼ぶ。
- Similar to the terms used to represent the blooming status of cherry blossoms, such as Ichibuzaki (ten percent of blooms bud on the tree) and Nibuzaki (twenty percent of blooms bud on the tree), there are terms used to represent the status of Hazakura, such as Maihajime (blossoms starting to fall and scatter), Rokubu hazakura (sixty percent of young leaves on the cherry tree), Shichibu hazakura (seventy percent of young leaves on the cherry tree), Hachibu hazakura (eighty percent of young leaves on the cherry tree) and Kubu hazakura (ninety percent of young leaves on the cherry tree).
- 日本の便器メーカーは海外でも積極的に販売を行っており、最も日本のメーカーの便器が販売される国は中華人民共和国であり、TOTOだけで毎年100万台以上販売される。
- Japanese toilet basin manufacturers are aggressively conducting sales also in the foreign countries and the country where Japanese manufacturers' toilet basins sell the most is the People's Republic of China, and sales by TOTO LTD. total more than one million units every year.
- 地勢的・歴史的・人的・資本的要素が複雑に絡み合っていることから、単に的屋として一括りに定義することは難しいが、的屋の源流とされるもは以下の五つものに分類される。
- It is hard to define simply tekiya as a whole due the complex relationship between geography, history, people, and finance, but the origins of tekiya can be found in the following five categories.
- 日本での発泡酒の誕生には、時代背景による一種の対処法、参入障壁の高いビール製造、高いビールの税率、1989年以来のビールの低価格競争が主な要因としてあげられる。
- The main factors in the development of low-malt beer were consumption trends, the high entry barrier for beer production, the high tax rate of beer, and the cost competition in beer production since 1989.
- 飲料の低アルコール化という現象そのものは日本以外の国々でも進行しつつあったし、日本でもウィスキーの水割りが一般化してきた昭和40年代にも予兆を見ることができる。
- The phenomenon of the low-alcohol drink itself was progressing also in countries other than Japan, and there was foreshadowing from 1965 to 1974 when whisky with water became popular in Japan.
- 薄切りの牛肉以外にも、神戸市長田区では「すじこん」と呼ばれる牛すじの煮込みが名物とされているほか、いくつかの地区では油かす (食品)を用いることも一般的である。
- Except for sliced beef, in Nagata Ward Kobe City, the stewed cow line meat called 'sujikon' is regarded as the specialty and in several areas it is common to use oil cake (food).
- ただし日本以外でも、丈のある弓が使用された例があるが、ほとんどが単弓で硬く重い為、馬上から用いる事はなく、腕力のある特別に訓練された弓歩兵が、その弓を使用した。
- However, although there were examples in which a long bow was used in places other than in Japan, they were usually simple bows which were hard and heavy, and used by specially disciplined foot soldiers that had power, instead of being used on horseback.
- 懐石料理で知られる店には京都南禅寺近くの「瓢亭」、同じく京都の「柿伝」、「辻留」(以上2店は仕出し)、大阪高麗橋の「吉兆」、滋賀県東近江市の「招福楼」などがある
- Famous restaurants serving kaiseki ryori include 'Hyotei' located near Nanzen-ji Temple in Kyoto, 'Kakiden' and 'Tsujitome' which are also located in Kyoto (these two restaurants are caterers), 'Kitcho' in Koraibashi in Osaka, and 'Shofukuro' in Higashiomi City, Shiga Prefecture.
- 清酒、合成清酒、焼酎、みりん、ビール、果実酒、ウイスキー、ブランデー、原料用アルコール、発泡酒、その他の醸造酒、スピリッツ、リキュール、粉末酒以外の酒類をいう。
- This includes drinks other than refined sake, synthetic sake, shochu (distilled spirit), mirin, beer, fruit wine, whisky, brandy, material alcohol, low-malt beer, other brews, spirit, liqueur and powder liquor.
- しかし近代以降は遊ばれることもなく、実物の貝覆いの道具一式は博物館などで見られる程度であるが、雛人形にはミニチュアの貝桶などが今なお残っているのを見ることがある。
- Kaioi has not been played anymore in and after modern times, and now a real, complete set of kaioi can be seen only in museums, but some hinaningyo (a set of dolls displayed for the Girls' Festival) still has miniature kaioke and other articles.
- 現在に伝わる伝統的な弓がここで出来上がる(詳細は構造欄参照)*記述上の初出は江戸初期だが、これまでの経緯から弓胎弓が出来上がったのは江戸に入る以前の可能性がある。
- The traditional bow that is passed on till today was created at this time (please refer to the structure column for details) *The first time it appeared in a writing was from the early Edo period, but higoyumi was probably created prior to the Edo period.
- 日本文化は有史以来、中国文化圏に属し輸入文化・翻訳文化の側面を持ち、積極的に外国の文化を摂取し、これを在来の文化と融合して日本化することで独自の文化を形成してきた。
- Since recorded history, the Japanese culture which has belonged to Chinese culture has had aspects of imported culture and translated culture, and has actively ingested foreign cultures, and Japan has formed its original culture by fusing such foreign cultures with conventional culture, and Japanizing fused cultures.
- イギリス政府が2500人以上の成人を対象にした調査で「最も重要と思いつつも最も不快に感じる発明品」として、カラオケが22%を獲得し携帯電話などを抑えて1位となった。
- A survey among more than 2,500 adults conducted by the British government, karaoke won first place with 22% over mobile phones and so on as 'the most irritating invention to have blighted Britain.'
- 一方、三曲界内部においては、明治維新以来の西洋音楽の導入に伴って、その器楽的部分に影響を受け、江戸時代を通じて器楽的に発達していた「手事物」に注目されることも多い。
- Meanwhile, within the world of sankyoku focus is placed on 'tegotomono,' in which the instrumental aspect developed during the Edo period and which was also influenced by the Western music that was introduced since the Meiji Restoration.
- (2008年12月現在、法令の条文上では「本格しようちゆう」のみが使用されており漢字の「本格焼酎」の登場例はないが、以下業界での慣用に倣って本節では後者を用いる。)
- (As of December 2008, shochu in hiragana as '本格しょうちゅう' has only been used in the letter of the law and in Chinese characters as '本格焼酎' has not appeared, but we use the latter in this text as the industry does.)
- また、戦国時代 (日本)以降、素材に漆塗りの網代団扇や漆塗りの皮、あるいは板や薄い鉄板などを用い堅固につくられた軍配団扇(略称:軍配)が武家の戦いの中で使用された。
- Moreover, Ajiro Uchiwa fan, which was made by painting urushi Japanese lacquer on materials, and the military leader's Uchiwa fan (called Gunbai in Japanese in short), which had a firm structure by adopting various materials such as lacquered skin, board and thin iron plate, had been used in samurai's war since the Sengoku period
- 萬歳は太夫(たゆう)と才蔵(さいぞう)の2人が1組となるものが基本となるが、門(かど)付けではなく座敷などで披露されるものは3人以上から、多いもので十数人の組となる。
- In manzai, a pair of performers called 'tayu' and 'saizo' is a basic unit, but in performances not in front of houses, but in 'zashiki' (parlor), the number of performers are from more than three to up to a dozen.
- 無知な購入者たちは「なんだ、話題の割にはひどい味じゃないか」ということで、以後その蔵の飲み手として定着することなく、ひいては日本酒低迷の回復の鍵となることはなかった。
- People who bought it without knowing this background thought, 'Oh, it tastes bad in spite of its popularity,' so that they did not become a fan of its sake brewery and therefore it did not become a trigger for restoration of sake from the slump.
- 政府側は嘆願書に署名した蔵元を処罰するなどして鎮静化を図ったが、酒造税をめぐる酒蔵たちと明治政府のあいだの攻防は収まる気配をみせず、以後三十年近くにも及ぶことになる。
- The government tried to calm the protests by punishing Kuramoto (sake brewer) who signed the petition, but the battle on liquor tax between sake breweries and the Meiji government did not end and continued for more than 30 years.
- 郵便事業に携わる人の数は限られているため膨大な年賀状のために郵便物全体の処理が遅れ、それが年賀状以外の郵便物にも影響し通常より到着が遅れることがしばしば発生していた。
- Because the number of people engaged in the postal business was limited, the huge amount of nengajo delayed the processing of all mail, which influenced mail other than nengajo and often caused delays in delivery.
- 近畿地方では大阪市のイカリソース、神戸市のオリバーソースなど大手メーカーが以前からお好み焼き用のソースを販売しているほか、近年は広島市のオタフクソースも流通している。
- In the Kinki region, major manufacturers such as Ikari Sauce Co. in Osaka City, Oliver Sauce Co., Ltd. in Kobe City and so on have sold okonomiyaki sauce for a long time and recently those from OTAFUKU SAUCE Co., Ltd. in Hiroshima City have also been sold.
- 魚介肉及び内臓の約10%以上から飽和量の食塩を添加するのが一般的な製法とされてきたが、20世紀末頃からの健康志向に伴い、塩分が低い塩辛も製造・販売されるようになった。
- The common recipe was to add salt weighing from about ten percent to the saturation level of the flesh and guts of fish and shellfish; however, reflecting heath concerns since the end of the 20th century, shiokara with less salt has been produced and sold as well.
- 江戸時代以降には自らの技術は単なる力技ではないという意味などを込めて、柔術、柔道、和、やわらと称する流派が現れ始める(関口新心流、楊心流、起倒流(良移心当流)など)。
- From the Edo period, some ryuha (schools) of the martial arts began to call their own techniques jujutsu, judo, or yawara, partly because they wanted to say their techniques were not just forcible ones; the schools were, for example, Sekiguchi Shin Shin-ryu, Yoshin-ryu, and Kito-ryu (also called Ryoishinto-ryu).
- 2008年現在では、それ以前の三増酒と本醸造酒はアルコール添加をしているという意味で同じように考えている消費者もいるようだが、これはまったく違うと言わなくてはならない。
- As of 2008, some consumers seem to think that honjozoshu was the same as conventional sanzoshu in the sense of adding alcohol, but it has to be said this is completely wrong.
- しかし、昭和以降は純粋培養したカツオブシカビ(コウジカビの一種)を噴霧することで完成までの日数短縮と、好ましくないカビが発生する問題の回避を行なうのが主流になっている。
- However, in the Showa period a pure culture of Aspergillus glaucus (a kind of aspergillus) began to be sprayed on katsuobushi, not only to shorten the period of processing but also to prevent unfavorable fungus from generating, and thereafter this method became mainstream.
- 実際は上記にあるように「麹歩合15%以上」「規格米使用」といった縛りがあり、麹歩合15%未満の酒、規格外米・屑米・米粉を使用した酒は純米酒を名乗れないようになっている。
- In reality, however, as there are restrictions 'koji ratio 15 % or more' and 'use of standard rice, 'sake with the ratio of koji below fifteen percent, produced from substandard rice, crushed rice produced in the process of polishing rice, or rice powder cannot be called 'junmaishu.'
- また近世以前においては、「餅なし正月」と呼ばれる、正月三箇日に餅を神仏に供えたり食することを禁忌とする風習が、畑作地帯を中心として広く存在していたことも指摘されている。
- It is also pointed out that, so called 'mochinashi shogatsu' (New Year days without mochi), a custom that made it taboo to offer mochi to deities or to eat them within the first three days of New Year, was widely practiced in farming regions before the early-modern times.
- 古くは『今昔物語』に塩辛との文字が現れるが、江戸期以降の塩辛と同じものと確認できないことと、時代的に孤立していることから、初出は『日葡辞書』とするのが妥当と考えられる。
- The oldest reference to shiokara is seen in 'Konjaku Monogatari ' (The Tale of Times Now Past), but it cannot be confirmed that it is the same as the shiokara which was eaten during and after the Edo period and the age of konjaku Monogatari was historically isolated from other ages, so it would be appropriate to determine that shiokara appeared in 'Nippo jisho' (a Japanese-Portuguese dictionary) for the first time.
- 1975年以降、年々、日本酒の生産量が減少していることと、大手を中心に一部の日本酒メーカーが高温糖化法を採り入れていることから、副産物である酒粕も流通量が減少傾向にある。
- Because of the decline in sake production after 1975 as well as the adoption of high-temperature saccharification mainly by major sake manufacturers, there was a downward trend in the amount of sakekasu by-product distributed.
- 男性用の小便器は前述のように明治以降に登場したが、それまでは男性の場合でも大便器を使用して小便を行ったり、屋外で立小便という名称で立ったまま小便が行われていたりしていた。
- The urinal for men appeared after the Meiji period as mentioned above, but before that, even a male person used the toilet basin for urinating or urinated standing up outdoors in the name of tachishoben.
- これが中国に伝播したのは前漢の頃で、当初は「西方の琴(弦楽器)」を意味する「胡琴」の名称で呼ばれた(宋 (王朝)代以降現在までに胡琴と呼称される楽器はまったく別のもの)。
- It was around the Former Han (dynasty of China) when these instruments were introduced to China and at first they were called 'huqin' (any Chinese string instrument played with a bow) which meant a 'Western harp' (stringed instruments) (These instruments are totally different from the ones called huquin from the age of the Sung dynasty to today).
- それ以後太平洋戦争末期にかけて、日本酒には造石税・物品税・庫出税などさまざまな課税がなされていくが、ワインは醸造免許にかかわる税のみで、商品に対する酒税は免除されていた。
- After that, until the end of the Pacific War, while various taxes such as a brewing tax, a commodity tax, and a tax on the total shipment were imposed on sake, wine had no imposed liquor tax except the license fee for brewing.
- すると延宝1年(1673年)、徳川幕府は酒造統制の一環として寒造り以外の醸造が禁止するに至り、その結果四季醸造は衰退への一途をたどり、寒造りが醸造法の主流となっていった。
- The Tokugawa shogunate then tried to standardize sake brewing by banning brewing other than kanzukuri, and shikijozo started to decline, and kanzukuri became the main brewing method.
- 大隅国(今の鹿児島県東部)では村中の男女が水と米を用意して生米を噛んでは容器に吐き戻し、一晩以上の時間をおいて酒の香りがし始めたら全員で飲む風習があることが記されている。
- There is a description about a custom in Osumi Province (present eastern area of the Kagoshima Prefecture) that all men and women prepared water and rice, chewed uncooked rice and regurgitated it to containers, and that after it began to smell of alcohol more than one night later, all of them drank it.
- 特に焼き魚・玉子焼き・蒲鉾(以上の3つを総称して幕の内弁当三種の神器とも)・揚げ物・漬物・煮物は大半の幕の内弁当に入れられており、幕の内弁当の代表的なおかずであるといえる。
- In particular, broiled fish, a Japanese style omelet, kamaboko or fish sausage (the above together are sometimes called the three sacred imperial treasures of Makunouchi-bento), deep-fried food, Japanese pickles and boiled and seasoned food can be seen in many Makunouchi-bento as they are the typical accompanying dishes of Makunouchi-bento.
- 江戸時代以後、古典研究の発展に伴って民間でも有職故実の研究をする者が現れ、世襲化されて学問としては停滞が見られた公家や武家の有職故実の伝統に囚われない独自の研究が見られた。
- During and after the Edo period, researchers of yusoku kojitsu emerged among ordinary citizens along with the development of the study of classical literature, and made original studies free from the traditions of kuge and buke yusoku kojitsu, which showed stagnation as academics because they were transferred by heredity.
- 香典が金銭に代わり、食料がその副物として簡単な供物に代わっていくのは、武士階層では室町時代、一般庶民では明治時代以後、一部農村部では戦後に入ってからのことと考えられている。
- It is thought that it was in the Muromachi period that money started to be offered as koden together with a simple offering instead of foods for the Samurai class, but it was in or after the Meiji period, and even after World War II in some rural areas, that the same thing happened for ordinary people.
- 以上のような前提の中で、生貯蔵酒や生詰酒は、少なくとも一回は火入れをしていて本当は「生」ではないわけだから、「生」を名称に含めるのは妥当ではない、という議論がなされている。
- Based on the above-described premises, there is an opinion that as namachozoshu or namazumeshu undergoes hiire at least once and literally not 'nama,' it is not appropriate to include the word 'name' in the name.
- 地方料理の一環として、小豆以外に白餡、栗、かぼちゃ、百合根、枝豆(ずんだ)を用いて作る場合もある(山梨県には「小豆ぼうとう」と呼ばれる餅の代わりにほうとうを入れたものもある)
- As a local specialty, shiruko is sometimes made from white haricot beans, chestnuts, winter squash, edible lily bulbs or green soybeans (and in Yamanashi Prefecture, there is also a type of shiruko known as 'azuki boto' in which hoto (wheat flour noodle dough cut into small pieces) is substituted for rice cakes.
- 同県は昭和時代初期にすでに西田川郡京田村の工藤吉郎兵衛が人工交配によって酒の華・京の華・国の華の、いわゆる羽州華三部作を開発して以来、民間での酒米開発はたいへん盛んであった。
- Since Kichibe KUDO in Kyoda-mura, Nishi tagawa-gun, developed the so-called triptych of Ushu hana--namely Sake no hana, Kyo no hana and Kuni no hana--through artificial crossing at the beginning of the Showa period, the development of sakamai in the private sector was a popular activity in Yamagata Prefecture.
- 『源氏物語』には藤を鑑賞する宴会についての記述もあるが、この頃には「花」はほぼ桜と同義に使われるようになっていたためか桜以外の花を観賞する宴が花見、花宴といわれることはない。
- While there is a description of a feast admiring Japanese wisteria in 'Genji Monogatari,' 'Hana' (flower) had been used as a synonym for cherry blossoms by that time, so a feast admiring flowers other than cherry blossoms was not meant to be called hanami or hana no en.
- 締め込み(博多以外では廻しと呼ぶ場合がある)の場合、博多、浜崎、芦別では幅44cm(子供用は18cm)、長さ5mの帆布(やや厚手の木綿の布、相撲の廻しよりは柔らかく薄い)になる。
- In Hakata, Hamasaki, or Ashibetsu in Hokkaido, a shimekomi, which can be also called a mawashi in regions except Hakata, refers to a sailcloth (a thicker cotton cloth, which is softer and thinner than a mawashi (sumo wrestler's belt)) with a width of 44cm (18cm for children) and a length of 5m.
- 以後も中国ではこの形のものを使用しており、民間歌謡の伴奏を主にしていたが、20世紀に入り、劉天華(二胡、琵琶演奏家、作曲家・1895年〜1932年)らにより独奏曲が作られ始めた。
- In China, this type of biwa had been used and mainly played as accompaniment for folk songs but, in the 20th century, solo music started to be composed by Tianhua LIU (erhu (two-stringed Chinese instrument played with a bow) and biwa player, composer, 1895 - 1932) and others.
- ほかにも、箸を持っていない方の手で茶碗や皿などの食器を持つ、主食と副菜(ごはんとおかず)を明確に分け交互に食べる(いわゆる三角食べ)など、日本以外では見られないようなことが多い。
- In addition, it is often seen only in Japan that dishes such as bowls and plates are held with the hand not holding chopsticks, meals are clearly divided into a main dish and side dishes (rice and accompanying dishes) and eaten alternately (so-called Sankaku tabe (triangular eating)).
- 地域によって様々な違いがあるが、2~6名程度の人間が乗り込んで内部の太鼓を叩き、その太鼓の音に合わせて掛け声をかけ、数十人~百人以上で担ぎ上げ、練り歩くという形式は共通している。
- The taikodai shows a wide regional variation in the form and the style, but has a common style that two to six men get into the taikodai and beat the drum placed in it, providing the rhythm that guides dozens to more than one hundred men below who shoulder the taikodai and parade through their parishes, shouting a call synchronized exactly with the drum beat.
- 日本にはおそらく奈良時代頃に伝来した豉(し、日本ではくきと読まれ久喜の字もあてられていた)と考えられている塩豉(後の塩辛納豆)と淡豉(平安以降歴史から姿を消す)との2種類がある。
- In Japan there were two types: enshi (later shiokara natto) and tanshi (which vanished into history after the Heian period), and they are believed to be shi (pronounced as 'kuki' in Japan and the kanji '久喜' was also used for the word) which is deemed to have been introduced in around the Nara period.
- さらに、原料である大豆はそのほとんどを米国に依存しているが、原料である非遺伝子組み換え大豆生産量はアメリカにおける生産数の一割以下であり、遺伝子組み換え価格の約3倍の価格もする。
- Moreover, although most of the soybeans used as raw materials are imported from the United States, the production volume of non-genetically engineered soybean raw materials is less than ten percent of the total production volume in the U.S., and the price of those soybeans is approximately three times that of genetically engineered soybeans.
- どこでいつから関西風お好み焼きにマヨネーズをつけるようになったかは諸説あり定かではなく、ぼてぢゅうの説、個人店が最初という説、またそれ以前から家庭内で使われていたと言う説もある。
- There are various theories about from where or when Kansaifu-okonomiyaki started to be made using mayonnaise and this isn't known for sure, but there is a theory that Boteju (a long-established okonomi-yaki chain famous throughout Japan) started to use it, and another theory that an individual shop started using it, and also a theory that it has been used in households for a long time.
- 基本的には近畿地方以西の西日本に限られた風習であり、他の地方では、単に正月に飲む祝い酒(もちろん屠蘇散は入っていないただの日本酒)のことを「御屠蘇」と称している場合もかなり多い。
- The practice of drinking toso is basically endemic to western Japan, namely the Kinki region westward, while in other regions people often refer to the celebratory drink of the New Year (needless to say, it is normal sake that don't contain tososan) as 'otoso.'
- こうした地域は関東地方・中部地方・中国地方・四国地方などに広がっており、その多くはかつては水田を作るには不適当であったため、米以外の作物で定畑や焼畑を行っていた地域とされている。
- The Kanto region, the Chubu region, the Chugoku region, and Shikoku region included these dry fields, where people cultivated fields or practiced slash and burn techniques for products other than rice, because those lands had not been suited for rice paddies in those days.
- 1976年には合気会傘下の国際合気道連盟(IAF)が結成され、 IAFは1984年GAISF(GAISF)の正式会員となり、1989年以降ワールドゲームズ大会に毎回参加している。
- In 1976, the International Aikido Federation (IAF), an affiliate of Aikikai, was established, and the IAF became an official member of the General Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF), participating in all the World Games since 1989.
- 平成以降は一般家庭での正月の遊びとしては廃れ気味となったが、パソコンやウェブ上で遊ぶ福笑いソフトなどが登場したほか、自治体などが執り行う新春行事としては変わらず恒例のものといえる。
- From approximately the start of the Heisei period, the game has fallen out of favor as a game played by families on New Year's day; however, Fukuwarai computer games and web-based versions have appeared, and local governments and the like continue to include the game in festivities celebrating the New Year.
- 旧暦7月24日以外の地蔵菩薩の縁日の24日は、地蔵会(じぞうえ)、地蔵祭と呼ばれるが、旧暦7月24日については盂蘭盆(お盆)期間中であり、それにちなんで地蔵盆と呼ばれるようになった。
- On the 24th when the fair is on, except July 24 in the old calendar, is called Jizo-e (an event to commemorate Jizo as the protector of children) or Jizo-bon, however, in terms of July 24 in the old calendar, since it is during Urabon festival (a Festival of the Dead or Buddhist All Soul's Day, around the 15th of July or August, depending on local customs), it is called Jizo-bon.
- また、火入れの技法そのものは中古からあったものの、それを施さなかったときに起こる腐造のことを火落ち、あるいはそれを起こす菌を火落ち菌と呼ぶようになったのは、このころ以降のことである。
- In addition, although the technique of pasteurization itself had been used since the Middle Ages, it was after this period when putrefaction, which occurred when pasteurization was not done, became to be called hiochi and the bacteria which caused it came to be called hiochi bacteria.
- 箏にいまだ開拓の余地があることに注目し、これ以上進む余地の少なくなりつつあった三味線から離れた、箏のみの音楽を再び作り出したことは特に重要で、これは後の邦楽の新たな方向付けとなった。
- He paid attention to this and composed music only for koto again, instead of shamisen that had no room to develop any more, which was very important and oriented the new direction of later traditional Japanese music.
- 以前は豆のほかに、米、麦、かちぐり、炭なども使用されたというが、豆撒きとなったのは、五穀の中でも収穫量も多く、鬼を追い払うときにぶつかって立てる音や粒の大きさが適当だったことによる。
- In the past, rice, wheat, dried chestnuts, charcoal and other materials were reportedly used along with beans, but eventually beans became exclusively used because they are the most productive of the five main cereals, and also because of their hitting sound and proper size for throwing.
- 京都府、滋賀県以外にも大阪府(京阪本線の淀屋橋駅・天満橋駅・樟葉駅、ホワイティうめだ内の売店や三島郡 (大阪府)島本町の一部)や奈良県(近鉄京都線の高の原駅の売店)で販売されている。
- Its editions are sold not only in Kyoto and Shiga Prefectures but also in Osaka Prefecture (Yodoyabashi Station, Temmabashi Station and Kuzuha Station of the Keihan Main Line, kiosks in Whity Umeda and a part of Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun) and Nara Prefecture (kiosks in Takanohara Station of the Kintetsu Kyoto Line).
- これは、餅を主体とする雑煮は近世以後に全国的に普及したもので、それ以前においては民衆社会に根ざした正月用の儀礼料理であり、餅主体の雑煮は畿内周辺にしか存在しなかったとするものである。
- This theory argues that zoni (without mochi) was one of the ritual dishes of the New Year among common people, and zoni containing mochi as essential ingredients was eaten only in the Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara) before the early-modern times, and since then it has spread across the country.
- 気象庁によると、開花から満開(80%以上が咲いた状態)までの日数は、沖縄・奄美地方で約16日、九州から東海・関東地方では約7日、北陸・東北地方では約5日、北海道地方では約4日となる。
- According to the Japan Meteorological Agency, the approximate number of days between the time of 'flowering' and 'full bloom' (when over 80% of blossoms are in bloom) are 16 for the Okinawa and Amami regions, 7 for the areas between Kyushu and the Tokai/Kanto regions, 5 for the Hokuriku-Tohoku regions, and 4 for the Hokkaido region.
- 中でも30年以上前から記念文字手彫りサービスを行っている洞爺湖の「越後屋デパート」では、漫画『銀魂』の主人公「坂田銀時」がその柄に洞爺湖と彫られた木刀で戦うストーリーで人気が集まった。
- Above all, the 'Echigo-ya Department Store' at Toya-ko Lake that has been offering the service of hand-engraving memorial inscriptions for more than 30 years has become popular because of a story in the manga 'Gintama' (Silver Soul), in which the main character 'Gintoki SAKATA' fights with a bokuto whose hilt is engraved with the name of Toya-ko Lake.
- 長さを大太刀に近い長さにした素振り用の木刀や、天然理心流剣術のように長さは変えず、通常の真剣以上の重さにし、太く作る事で、正確な手の内を鍛える事等を目的とした、鍛錬用の木刀も存在する。
- There are additionally training bokuto for suburi that are made longer so as to be of similar length to odachi (long swords), as well as ones, such as those used by the Tennen-rishin school, for practicing the correct hand position and so on that are not lengthened, but weigh more and are fatter than normal shinken (real swords).
- 日本の文化も単純にひとくくりにできるものではなく、様々な要素を含んでおり、古代から中世にいたっては中国を中心としたアジアの近隣諸国、そして明治以降の近~現代では欧米からの影響を受けた。
- The Japanese culture cannot be bracketed simply because it contains various elements, the Japanese culture in a period from ancient times to the medieval period was affected by neighboring countries in Asia around China, and in the period from early modern times to modern times after the Meiji period was affected by western countries.
- 一方では琺瑯タンクによる酒造りも、製造される酒質はそれ以前のものと比べて何ら劣るものではなく、あえてコスト高と不衛生のリスクを冒して木樽造りにこだわる意味を見出さないとする意見もある。
- On the other hand, some people say that the quality of sake brewed in enamelware brewing tanks is not inferior to the one brewed in wooden barrel and that there is no sense in daringly persisting on wooden barrel brewing with the risks of high cost and unsanitary.
- 狭義の意味では、「駅弁」とは、社団法人日本鉄道構内営業中央会(以下「中央会」と略す)に加盟している業者が調製し、駅構内で販売しており、なおかつ米飯が入っている弁当のみを指すこともある。
- In the narrow sense, 'Ekiben' only indicates a box lunch satisfying the following conditions: 'it contains cooked rice,' 'it was produced by a company joining the Central Committee of the Japanese Association of Railroad Station Concessionaires (hereafter, 'Center Committee'), ' and 'it is sold within station precincts.'
- 柏餅にはこのような由来があるが、四国地方などの近畿圏以西では、カシワの木が自生しておらず、元々端午の節句には粽を用いる為、サルトリイバラ科(サンキライ)の葉を代用して作られる事が多い。
- Kashiwamochi has such origin, but oak trees do not grow naturally in Osaka metropolitan district and to the west, such as the Shikoku region, so a leaf of Smilacaceae is mostly used as a substitute since Chimaki (a rice dumpling wrapped in bamboo leaves) has originally been used for the Boy's Festival.
- 現在の日本のカレーは、この流れに基づいた欧風カレー、さらに1990年代以降急増した本格インド料理店のカレー、そしてこのふたつの流れをふまえて生まれたオリジナルカレーの3つに大別できる。
- Curry and rice in Japan today can be largely divided into three groups: European curry based on the curry style introduced into Japan first; curry in authentic Indian restaurants, which have increased rapidly after the 1990s; and original curry that was created based on these two styles.
- 「明治維新以降-第二次世界大戦降伏まで」の時代には、帝国主義国が植民地争奪を繰り広げる国際環境の中、西洋の圧倒的な文明と先進文化を前に日本のアイデンティティをどう捉えるかが課題であった。
- In the period 'from the Meiji Restoration to the surrender in World War II,' how to take a Japanese identity before the overwhelming civilization and advanced culture of Western countries was an issue under the international environment where imperialistic countries unfolded captures of colonies.
- 機械麺が一般化する以前は、素麺は手延べ工程により生地を細くするため断面が丸く(●)、ひやむぎは生地を薄く打ち伸ばしてから細く切るため断面が四角(■)になっている、という見分け方も出来た。
- Before machine-made noodles became common it was possible to distinguish somen noodles from hiyamugi noodles because the cross-section of the somen noodles was round due to the fact that the dough was made thin by the hand-stretching process, and the cross-section of the hiyamugi noodles was square because the dough was flattened and then cut into narrow strips.
- 昭和やそれ以前の時代において、冬の時期に道路や庭に積った葉落葉を集め、焚き火として燃やす際に、一緒にサツマイモを入れて焼く光景は、冬を物語るものとして扱われ、冬を表す季語ともなっている。
- During the Showa period or before, pictures of people collecting falling leaves on the road or the garden during the winter season, and of putting sweet potatoes inside the leaves when burning them on the bonfire, were considered scenes which speak for winter, and ishiyaki imo is a season word to describe winter.
- 安土桃山時代以降、茶道の流行にしたがって、古筆が鑑賞の対象として愛好されるようになると、経巻や歌書・消息などの巻子本や冊子装からその一部を切り取って「古筆切」として収集することが流行した。
- After the Azuchi-Momoyama period, when ancient calligraphy came to be enjoyed for appreciation along with the popularity of Sado (Japanese tea ceremony), it became popular to cut out and collect a part of kansubon (books in scroll style) or sasshiso (books) such as scriptures, waka anthologies, and shosoku (letter) as 'kohitsugire' (samples of classical calligraphy).
- これらの楽器や音楽を、同じく彼らの専門音楽であり、はるかに以前から行なわれて来た「平曲」 (平家琵琶の音楽) に対して区別するために「三曲」という言葉が使われ始めたのではないかと思われる。
- It is assumed that the word 'sankyoku' started to be used to distinguish these instruments and music genres from 'hei-kyoku' (music played on heike-biwa, or Japanese lute used as accompaniment for the recitation of Heike Monogatari), their area of expertise, which had been performed for a long time.
- 日本国有鉄道(国鉄)時代には、白飯と焼き魚・肉料理・フライ・卵焼き・蒲鉾などの一般的な惣菜を使用した、いわゆる幕の内弁当の系列のものを普通弁当と称し、それ以外の弁当を特殊弁当と称している。
- When Japan's railway system was managed by Japan National Railways (JNR), 'Ekiben' containing typical side dishes such as cooked rice, a broiled fish, meat dishes, deep-fried foods, a Japanese style omelet and kamaboko (steamed fish paste), namely a box lunch similar to Makunouchi-bento (box lunch including cooked rice and side dishes), was called 'a normal box lunch,' while other types of 'Ekiben' was called 'a special box lunch.'
- 逆に、広島以外で広島風お好み焼きといえば、字義通り広島風のスタイルを取り入れた生地の厚いタイプ、あるいは「広島風お好みピザ」に近いものであることが多く、広島人の期待は裏切られることが多い。
- On the contrary, except in Hiroshima, Hiroshimafu-okonomiyaki often refers to the one that literally incorporates the Hiroshima style and where the dough is thick or the one which is similar to 'hiroshimafu-okonomi pizza' (Hiroshima-style savory pancake with various ingredients) and many people in Hiroshima are disappointed.
- 例えば、成長の早い魚類では、生まれた当年の魚、2年目の魚、3年目の魚…が、同じ時期に漁獲されると、それぞれ体の大きさが一回り以上異なるので、それらをはっきりと大きさで区別できることがある。
- Rapidly growing fishes of the same kind that differ in age can be easily distinguished from one another by size when they're caught, because the size may more than double within a year.
- しかし輸入枠の割り当ては行われているものの、値段や品質などの問題もあり、日本へはほとんど輸出されていない一方で、「スシ」などの日本食ブームの影響もあり、日本以外の世界各国へ輸出されている。
- Though the import quota is applied for China, exports to Japan are very scarce because of the price and quality problem; however, Chinese nori is exported to destinations around the world (except for Japan) because of the influence of the Japanese food boom, as has occurred with sushi.
- 江戸時代中期まで使われていた宣明暦では12月13日の二十七宿は必ず「鬼」になっており、鬼の日は婚礼以外は全てのことに吉とされているので、正月の年神様を迎えるのに良いとして、この日が選ばれた。
- According to the Senmyoreki lunisolar calendar used until the middle of the Edo period, the 13th of December was always a 'day of the ghost' in the 27 mansions or divisions of Chinese astrology and this day was auspicious for everything except weddings, so it was chosen as a good day to welcome the god of the New Year called Toshigama-sama.
- 以前は本格焼酎と紛らわしい表示がされたり、混和率などの情報が表示されなかった商品もあったが、業界内で混和焼酎の表示に関する自主基準を設けて、2005年(平成17年)1月1日から実施している。
- It used to be labeled ambiguously as Honkaku Shochu and did not show any information like the mixed rate, but the industry introduced its own rules of labeling the mixed rate and it has been implemented since January 1, 2005.
- しかし、近年では地球温暖化や気候変動の原因で、1990年代以降桜の開花が2002年を皮切りに記録的に早まってきており関東以西では花見の習慣が4月ではなく、前月3月に行われるようになっている。
- Meanwhile, because of global warming and climate changes in recent years, since the 1990's cherry blossoms have started to bloom earlier and since 2002 in regions west of Kanto, hanami has been held in March rather than April.
- これ以外にも独自に護身術としての合気道の可能性を研究する合気道家や独立会派も複数有り、総合格闘技や空手の中に合気道と共通の技や捌きが見られることから、護身術としての有用性を見出す意見もある。
- There are various other aikido practitioners and independent factions that study the possibilities of aikido as an art of self-defense, and since there are techniques and movements in mixed martial arts and karate that are common to those of aikido, some consider it useful as an art of self-defense.
- 静岡県の焼津からは1889年(明治22年)の東海道本線開通以後、鉄道輸送により東京・大阪など大都市まで流通させるようになったが、鮮魚よりも日持ちする生利節でも腐敗してしまうことがあったという。
- From Yaize in Shizuoka Prefecture, since the opening of the Tokaido Main Line in 1889, it had become distributed even to the metropolitan areas of Tokyo and Osaka, but sometimes namaribushi became rotten although though it could be kept longer than than fresh fish.
- 一説には平安中期以降、服制が曖昧になり、衣冠や直衣を束帯の代用とした「衣冠の束帯」「直衣の束帯」という例があり、前者の語から接助詞の「の」が省かれて誤用され、定着してしまった結果であるとされる。
- One theory says that uniforms became lax in and after the mid Heian period and there were examples of 'ikan no sokutai' and 'noshi no sokutai' where ikan or noshi was used as an alternative of sokutai, and the particle 'no' was omitted from the former phrase, which was misused and then became established.
- 元々は関東周辺のみで食されていた地域色の強い食品であったが、戦後になって東京の紀文食品が「紀文のはんぺん」として全国的に販売するようになって以降は、この白いはんぺんが「はんぺん」として定着した。
- It was originally eaten only in Kanto and other surrounding area and had strong local influence, however after Kibun Food Inc of Tokyo started selling it as 'Kibun's Hanpen' to all other areas in Japan, this white Hanpen became well known as Hanpen.
- 平家琵琶を用いた平家物語の語り物音楽を「平曲」と呼ぶ(薩摩琵琶、筑前琵琶にも平家物語を題材とする曲が多数あるが、これらは近世以降に作られたものであり、音楽的には平曲とはまったく違うものである)。
- The narrative music of Heike Monogatari accompanied by a Heike biwa is called 'Heikyoku' (the music played on the Heike biwa as accompaniment for the recitation of Heike monogatari) (There are also many songs based on Heike Monogatari for the Satsuma biwa and the Chikuzen biwa but they were composed after the early-modern times and are musically quite different from Heikyoku).
- これによって、「清酒の産地のうち国税庁長官が指定するものを表示する地理的表示は、当該産地以外の地域を産地とする清酒について使用してはならない。」とする地理的表示の保護についての規定が新設された。
- With this amendment, a new provision for the protection of geographical indications, 'Among places of manufacturing seishu, the geographical indication for the place designated by the Commissioner of the National Tax Administration Agency may not be used for seishu that is produced in an area other than the designated one.' was newly established.
- 明治時代以降、軍隊や官庁、学校などから次第に西洋風の服が採用されるようになり、今日では日常的には洋服を着用し、晴れの日やめでたい日(「ハレとケ」)など和服を着る、といったスタイルが多くなっている。
- After the Meiji period, western-style clothing was gradually adopted in the military, authority and schools, and in many cases, many present-day Japanese people adopt a style of wearing European clothes on a daily basis, and wearing traditional Japanese clothes on celebration days and festive days.
- 2006年3月現在、日本酒造組合中央会など日本における「公式」といってもよい日本酒の歴史によれば、このオーストリア万博への出品を以て日本酒のヨーロッパへの初めての「輸出」とみなしているようである。
- According to the 'official' history of sake in Japan supported by the Japan Sake Brewers Association as of March 2006, this entry of the World Exposition in Vienna seems to be the first 'export' of sake to Europe.
- 1980年代以降、建て売り住宅の一般化、近所づきあいの希薄化などのため上棟式自体が減少したが、餅まき自体は神社や地域の祭り(ごく一部の大学祭でも見られる)などの際に、祝い事として広く行われている。
- From the 1980s, jotoshiki itself has become rarer for various reasons, such as the increase of prefabricated houses and the decrease of people's mixing with neighbors, but mochimaki is still held as a happy event in shrines' festivals, local communities' festivals, and some universities' festivals.
- 日本では現在は太陽暦を用いており、和暦と西暦の日付は一致するので、自分の今年の数え年は、元日から誕生日前日満了までは「数え年=満年齢+2」、誕生日前日満了以降は、「数え年=満年齢+1」で計算する。
- Since the solar calendar is used in Japan now and the Japanese calendar corresponds to the Christian calendar, the method of counting a person's age in the traditional Japanese system will be as follows: 'traditional Japanese system = your age + two' as for the period from the New Year's Day until the day before birthday, and the 'traditional Japanese system = your age + one' from your birthday and afterwards.
- 米、米麹(こめこうじ)以外にも、醸造アルコール、糖類、酸味料、うま味調味料、酒粕(さけかす)などの原料を加えて作ることが、副原料の重量が米・米麹の重量を超えない範囲という条件つきで認められている。
- Other than rice and malted rice, it is allowed to add other raw materials such as distilled alcohol, sugars, sour agents, umami-chomiryo (chemical seasoning) and sake lees on condition that the total weight of auxiliary materials does not exceed the weight of rice and malted rice.
- 弘前城、松本城、丸岡城、犬山城、彦根城、姫路城、松江城、松山城 (備中国)、丸亀城、松山城 (伊予国)、宇和島城、高知城(以上「現存天守現存12天守」)、名古屋城、大阪城、熊本城、首里城、五稜郭など
- Hirosaki-jo Castle, Matsumoto-jo Castle, Maruoka-jo Castle, Inuyama-jo Castle, Hikone-jo Castle, Himeji-jo Castle, Matsue-jo Castle, Matsuyama-jo Castle (Bicchu Province), Marugame-jo Castle, Matsuyama-jo Castle (Iyo Province), Uwajima-jo Castle and Kochi-jo Castle (12 castles whose castle towers are now existing), and Nagoya-jo Castle, Osaka-jo Castle, Kumamoto-jo Castle, Shuri-jo Castle, Goryokaku, etc.
- その製法は煎茶とほぼ同一であるが、原料として夏以降に収穫した茶葉(三番茶・四番茶)・次期の栽培に向けて枝を整形したときの茶葉(秋冬番茶)・煎茶の製造工程ではじかれた大きな葉(川柳)などを用いている。
- The manufacturing method is almost the same as that of sencha (green tea of middle grade), but its ingredients include tea leaves harvested after the summer (sanbancha [third picked tea leaves], yobancha [fourth picked tea leaves]), tea leaves gathered when branch is shaped for next cultivation (shutobancha [tea leaves picked in autumn and winter]), large leaves (senryu) removed during the sencha manufacturing process.
- ある年代以上の日本人には「酒も入らない状態で人前で歌うこと」に対する拒絶反応が存在したが、それ以降の世代は(少なくとも気心の知れた仲間同士の前では)屈託なく歌って楽しむという意識が存在していたこと。
- Japanese people of a certain age and over rejected 'singing in front of people without drinking,' but the younger ones enjoyed singing without any inhibition (at least in front of their familiar friends).
- 穀類、糖類その他の物品を原料として発酵させた酒類(同法第3条第7号から第18号までに掲げる酒類その他政令で定めるものを除く)でアルコール分が20度未満のもの(エキス分が2度以上のものに限る)をいう。
- They are defined as follows: fermented alcohol drinks made from grains, sugars and other ingredients (excluding alcohol drinks referred in the Act, Section 3, Article 7 to 18 and other government ordinances) with an alcohol content of less than 20 percent (the extracted component is two degrees or higher).
- 3本以上の複数の同樹種の根が癒着して1つに繋がっているもの、または立木が地面に倒れて地中に埋まり、元は枝であったものが幹として育ち、その枝元からも根を出して、根が一つに繋がっている様な多幹樹形である。
- These are bonsai which have the roots of more than three of the same plant connected, or in which the tree has fallen down and been buried in the earth, and what was once a branch is grown as the trunk, and the base of that branch sends out roots which are connected with the other roots.
- 室町時代初期、南北朝時代 (日本)に最盛期を迎え、やがて戦国時代 (日本)以降、寺院勢力のそぎ落としを狙う支配者たちの政策のもとに衰えていったが、この酒の味を引き継ごうと志す奈良流の造り酒屋は多かった。
- Bodaisen was in its prime in the early Muromachi period (in other words, the period of the Northern and Southern Courts), and after a while, from the Period of Warring States, it went into decline under the Japan rulers' policies to weaken the power of temples, but still, there were many sake brewers who would inherit the brewing method of Bodaisen from Nara temples.
- 日本農林規格(JAS規格)の『乾めん類品質表示基準』にて、機械麺の場合、ひやむぎの麺の太さは直径と直径1.3mm以上~1.7mm未満とされている(同基準を満たしている場合「細うどん」とも表示可能である)。
- According to the 'Quality Labeling Standard for Dried Noodles' of the Japan Agricultural Standards (JAS), machine-made noodles should be between 1.3 mm and 1.7 mm in diameter (it is also possible to use the label 'thin udon noodles' in cases where this standard is satisfied).
- その場合、中国や朝鮮半島に由来しながらも主題や様式において日本的特徴を持つものを意味するのか、あるいは油彩技法が到来する以前に日本で制作された図画一般まで指すのか、定義があいまいなまま使われることも多い。
- In that case, the term 'Nihon-ga' is used loosely and it is unclear whether it refers to those drawings having origins in China or the Korean peninsula but with themes and styles that have Japanese characteristics, or those drawings in general which originated in Japan before the arrival of the oil painting technique.
- そのため、暴れる新成人に困ってはいるが、子どもの成人の記念に着物を着せたいという親からの要望や呉服業界からの要請もあって成人式を続けている自治体(例えば2000年の静岡市、2000年以降の那覇市)も多い。
- Therefore, although violent new adults are a headache, many autonomy bodies (such as Shizuoka City in 2000, and Naha City in and after 2000) continue holding the Seijin-shiki ceremony in response to parents' desire to dress their own children up with kimono in commemoration of entering adulthood, and at the request of mercery.
- 冬至と柚子との関連はかならずしも明らかでないが柚子湯の習慣は銭湯の登場以後のことであり、一説に湯治(とうじ)と冬至(とうじ)との語呂合わせで、身体息災であれば融通(ゆうずう)がきくとのこじつけであるという。
- The relation between the winter solstice and yuzu is not necessarily clear, but the practice of yuzuyu appeared after the birth of sento and according to one theory, it is related with the play on words linking '湯治, toji' (hot spring cure) and '冬至, toji' (winter solstice) and the idea that if the body is healthy, it is 'yuzu-ga-kiku' (malleable, adaptable).
- しかし、もはや生き証人としてその技術を心得ている杜氏がいなかったこと、また消費者もうまい寒酒の味に慣れ、酒郷ではよりよい酒質を求めて熾烈な競争をくりひろげていたことなどから、以前のような復活に至らなかった。
- However, it did not revive as before for such reasons as toji who knew its techniques did not exist, consumers were familiar with the good taste of kanshu, and sake breweries of brewing districts competed fiercely in producing better sake.
- また糸魚川静岡構造線以東は焼き餅で、西は焼かずに入れるという傾向があるものの、個別の地域差が大きく、これだけで割り切れるものではないが、日本の東西の食習慣の違いを表わす例としてよく持ち出されるものでもある。
- There is a slight regional tendency that mochi are baked before being used in zoni in the areas to the east of the geotectonic line of Shizuoka-Itoigawa. the fact that they are not baked in the areas to the west of the line is often mentioned to point out a difference in eating habits between the east and the west in Japan, however, the difference is not so distinctive, because regional variations also exist within each area.
- それぞれ射手の体格や身長から来る矢和弓の矢の長さに適した長さの弓を選ぶ必要があり、一般的には矢束85cm程度までは並寸、90cm程度までは伸び寸、95cm程度までは四寸伸び、80cm以下で七尺とされている。
- Wakyu bow length depends on the matching body composition and the height of the archer, and the average arrow length of up to 85 cm is determined to be Nami sun, up to 90 cm is Nobi sun, up to 95 cm was Yon sun nobi, and those shorter than 80cm is considered to be seven shaku.
- しかしながら、美しい女性を描いた洋画は数多いが、そのテーマはほとんどの場合神話や伝説、歴史、宗教などを主題に据えており(19世紀以降の洋画はそうではないものも多いが)、日本の美人画とは必ずしも同一視しがたい。
- However, while there are many Western paintings which depict beautiful women, the themes in most cases concern mythology, or legend, history or religion (although this is not the case with many of the Western paintings after the 19th century), they cannot always be regarded as being the same as the Japanese bijinga.
- しかし近年の規制緩和の一環として、この規定は2004年(平成16年)1月1日以降削除され、米だけで造ってあれば、たとえ普通酒なみの精米歩合であっても純米酒の名称を認め、評価は消費者の選択に任せるようになった。
- As a part of easing of the regulations in recent years, this provision was deleted as of January 1, 2004, and, for sake produced only from rice, even if the polishing ratio is same as for futsushu, use of name 'junmaishu' is allowed and the evaluation is left to the choice of the consumers.
- 上に述べたような歌謡が貞観 (日本)年間ころにひとつの書物にまとめられ、ついで、一条雅信によって延喜20年ころ撰譜され(一説に藤原忠房によって作譜されるという)、以後、藤家および源家によって歌曲はつたえられた。
- Around Jogan era (Japan), among these songs described above were collected into a book, then Masanobu ICHIJO chose scores around 920 (one theory says that FUJIWARA no Tadafusa wrote scores), and later on, songs were brought down by the To and Gen families.
- 政策内容を見ると、制限令としては「酒株の設定」「寒造り以外の禁」「酒株天明の酒株改め」「酒株運上金の導入の導入」「下り酒の江戸入津制限」などが、奨励令としては「酒株宝暦の勝手造り令」「藩造酒の許可」などがある。
- The examples of measures include 'establishment of the sakekabu' (an official certificate of sake brewing), 'prohibition of sake other than sake made in the winter,' 'Tenmei revision of the sakekabu system,' 'introduction of business taxes on the sakekabu,' 'restrictions on port entry of sake shipped from Kyoto and Osaka to Edo' and so on as the restriction decrees and 'Horeki katte-zukuri decree (the deregulation policy to promote sake brewing),' 'permission of sake brewed by the domains' and so on as promotion decrees.
- 更に幕末以降、箏曲が地歌から再独立する際にも、『千鳥の曲』をはじめとして、『常世の曲』、『新高砂』、『楓の花』、『御国の誉』、『明治松竹梅』、『時鳥の曲』、『秋の言の葉』など、この形式の箏曲がさかんに作られた。
- Furthermore after the end of the Edo period, when so (or koto) songs became independent from jiuta again, this form of so (or koto) works was actively composed, such as 'Chidori no kyoku' (a song for plover), 'Tokoyo no kyoku' (a song for eternity), 'Shin Takasago song' (literally, 'new version of 'Takasago'), 'Kaede no hana' (a maple flower), 'Mikuni no homare' (the glory of the country), 'Meiji shochikubai,' 'Hototogisu no kyoku' (a song for a little cuckoo), 'Aki no koto no ha' (Words for autumn) and so on.
- それ以前は、女性をモチーフとした例えば浮世絵に見られる諸作品は「美人絵(びじんえ)」や「女絵(おんなえ)」として分類されていたが、特に後者の呼称では源氏物語絵巻にあるような引目鉤鼻の記号的な女性図をも含んでいた。
- Before then, various works such as those found in ukiyoe, that are in the motif of women, were categorized as 'bijin-e' (paintings of beautiful women) and 'onna-e' (women pictures); but the latter term, for example, also included symbolic paintings of women with hikime-kagihana (drawn-line eyes and a hook-shaped nose) such as those found in 'Genji Monogatari Emaki' (the Illustrated Handscroll of the Tale of Genji).
- この酒米を主軸として山形県は「出羽燦々100%使用、山形酵母使用、山形県開発の麹菌オリーゼ山形使用、純米吟醸酒、精米歩合55%以下」の5条件を満たす県産酒に「DEWA33」というブランドを公認する制度を導入した。
- Taking this sakamai as a linchpin, Yamagata Prefecture introduced a new system in which a brand 'DEWA 33' is licensed for the sake produced in Yamagata Prefecture satisfying five conditions, namely, 'Dewa sansan is used 100%, Yamagata yeast is used, Olize Yamagata, which is a koji mold developed by Yamagata Prefecture, ginjo sake with no added alcohol, and a polishing ratio of 55% or more.'
- 2004年に東京国立近代美術館で開催された「琳派 RIMPA」展では、明治以降の日本画の作品(菱田春草、横山大観など)のほか、グスタフ・クリムトやアンディー・ウォーホルの作品にも「琳派的なもの」が見られるとされた。
- At the 'RIMPA' Exhibit held at the National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo in 2004, it was said that the 'Rinpa influence' was detected in the works of Gustav Klimt and Andy Warhol in addition to some Japanese-style paintings (by various artists including Shunso HISHIDA and Taikan YOKOYAMA) after the Meiji period.
- 関東地方以北および中国地方以西では三杯酢あるいは三杯酢をかけた物にからしを添えて、近畿地方では黒砂糖をかけて単体又は果物などと共に、東海地方では箸一本で、主に三杯酢をかけた物にゴマを添えて食べるのが一般的とされる。
- Commonly in the north of Kanto region and in the west of Chugoku region, tokoroten is served with sanbaizu (vinegar, soy sauce and mirin (or sugar) mixed in roughly equal proportions) poured over it, or with sanbaizu poured over it and with mustard; in the Kinki region, muscovado sugar is sprinkled over it when served, and sometimes fruit is served together; in the Tokai region, it is eaten using only one chopstick, usually by pouring sanbaizu over it and adding sesame thereto.
- 特に希望すれば年末年始の休暇前にその時点までに届いた年賀状を受け取ることも可能であるが、郵便局に申請が必要である(企業などでは年明けの営業初日まで郵便局で預かってもらい、営業開始日以降に配達してもらうことも可能)。
- It's also possible to receive the nengajo, if it has arrived, before vacation as desired, but it requires an application to the post office (in the case of a corporation, it's possible to have the nengajo stored at the post office until the first business day and delivered no earlier than the first business day).
- なお都市周辺では、1980年代以降の住宅事情(庭付き一戸建て住宅の減少とマンションなど集合住宅の増加)や少子化などのため、後述の童謡に歌われるような、民家の庭に高々と鯉のぼりが揚がる姿を見ることは少なくなっている。
- In urban environments, due to the housing conditions after the 1980s (a drop in single-family homes with gardens but increased collective housing such as apartments) and the declining birthrate, one would see far fewer koi-nobori hoisted high up in the gardens of private residences, as once described in children's songs.
- ビタミンB1、ビタミンB2、ビタミンB6、パントテン酸、すべての必須アミノ酸、そして大量のブドウ糖が含まれているが、これらの栄養は病院の点滴静脈注射とほぼ同じ内容であり、ブドウ糖以外は製法(後述)による差異も少ない。
- Amazake contains vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, pantothenic acid, all the essential amino acids, and a large amount of glucose; these nutrients are the same as those contained in intravenous drips provided at hospitals and the production method (described later) is also similar to that of the intravenous drips except for the addition of glucose.
- また早期の昇官に必要な金銀を得させやすくするために元禄以降、金銭貸付業としても高い金利が特別に許され、貧しい御家人や旗本をはじめ町人たちからも暴利を得ていた検校、勾当もおり、18世紀後半には社会問題化したこともある。
- Also the blind who practiced as moneylenders were allowed to lend money with higher interest rates than normal from the Genroku era so that the blind could earn money for early promotion, which came to be recognized as a social problem in the late 18th century, because they lent money to poor gokenin (an immediate vassal of the bakufu) and bakufu hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu) and profiteered from them.
- もともとは絵から出て来た娘が踊ると言う趣向の五変化舞踊のひとつだったが、六代目尾上菊五郎が藤の精が娘姿で踊るという内容に変えて舞台演出を一新して以来、そのスタイルが一般的になり、現在では人気の歌舞伎舞踊の一つである。
- Originally, it was a gohengebuyo (five-transformation variety of dance) in which a girl coming out of a picture dances, but since the time of Kikugoro ONOUE the sixth the stage effects were altered to that of a wisteria spirit dancing as a girl, and this style became common and is now a popular Kabuki Buyo (Kabuki Dance).
- 本来ならプロ用火力を備えるバーナーが望ましいが、一般家庭なら、ガスコンロが2口以上(できれば4口)あって、なおかつそれをカバー出来る鉄板(キャンプなどのバーベキュー用で構わない)でこれらを一気に覆えるものが望ましい。
- Normally it is desirable to prepare burners for the professional shops, but in ordinary households, it is desirable to prepare more than two stove burners (if possible, four stove burners) and an iron plate which can cover them at one stretch (one used for barbeque and when camping is OK).
- 1960年代までは、新成人は半数以上が既に社会に出ている勤労青少年だったが、1970年代以降、大学進学者(進学率)の増加や中卒・高卒就職者の減少から、新成人全体に占める在学者の割合も年々増加しており、現在に至っている。
- Although until 1960s, more than half of the new adults were working youths who had already entered the business world, in and after 1970s, the proportion of students to the total number new adults has been increasing even now due to an increase in the number of people going to university (university advancement rate) and decrease in the number of people finding work after finishing junior high school or high school.
- 未選別の中間加工品、茎・芽・硬葉等を含んだ茶葉(生葉)を蒸熱、揉み操作、乾燥等の加工処理を経て製造され仕上げ茶として再製する以前のいわゆる荒茶をそのまま販売する際に「青柳」と称する場合もあるので区別の必要なことがある。
- Sometimes, so-called Aracha (unsorted green tea) is sold as 'Aoyagi', it is necessary to make a distinction between such unfinished tea and refined Aoyagicha, which should be prepared by steaming, crumpling or drying, unpicked, half-finished products, or tea leaves (raw tea leaves) including stems, buds, and hard leaves,
- 近年は、「四段仕込み」ばかりでなく、五段、六段、はては「十段仕込み」をラベルにうたった日本酒も市場に出回るようになったが、伝統的に言えば段仕込みといえば三段仕込みのことであって、それ以上の段数の仕込みの製法は存在しない。
- The current market has not only Japanese sake made with 'yondan-jikomi,' but five, six, and even 'judan-jikomi' (ten step fermentation), but traditional danjikomi is sandan-jikomi and no method with further fermentation exists.
- 日本の山野に自生しているものもあるが、人間が生活していたと考えられる場所以外では見られないことや、野生種がなく、染色体異常(基本数x=11、2n5x55)であることなどから、大陸から持ち込まれて栽培されてきたと考えられる。
- Although it is sometimes found in the mountains of Japan, Myoga is considered to have been imported from the Asian continent and grown in Japan because it's normally found only in areas in which people have lived in the past, there is no wild species and the chromosome is abnormal (the basic number x=11, 2n5x55).
- 都道府県別では、キッコーマン(野田市)、ヤマサ、ヒゲタ(いずれも銚子市)等の大手が存在する千葉県が34%、ヒガシマル(たつの市)が存在する兵庫県が16%と上位2県で過半数を占め、以下愛知県(5%)、香川県(4.5%)と続く。
- By prefecture, Chiba Prefecture, where large manufacturers; Kikkoman Corporation (Noda city), YAMASA CORPORATION, Higeta Shoyu Co., Ltd. (Choshi City) are located accounts for 34%, Hyogo Prefecture where Higashimaru Shoyu Co., Ltd. (Tatsuno City) is located accounts for 16%, occupying the majority by them; the third is Aichi Prefecture (5%), the fourth is Kagawa Prefecture (4.5%), and so on.
- とくにそれ以後、日本酒の飲用がその地の独自な食文化の一部として定着をみた、オランダ東インド会社の根拠地バタヴィア(現インドネシアの一部)などを通じて、オランダ経由で日本酒がすでに江戸時代にヨーロッパにもたらされた形跡がある。
- Especially after that, there are signs of that sake had already been brought to Europe including Holland through Batavia (a part of Indonesia at present) which was the base of the Dutch East India Company and where drinking sake was established as part of its unique food culture, during the Edo period.
- これは就職や進学で地元を離れる人が多いので、実家に帰省する人が多いお盆や松の内に行うほうが参加しやすい、晴れ着などに金銭をかけなくて済むという配慮が働いていると思われる(特に岩手県では、半数以上の町村がお盆に開催している)。
- The reason it is considered is because municipalities give consideration to young people so that many of them who leave their home towns to take a job or to proceed to higher education can easily participate in the ceremony on the day of Obon festival or during the first seven days of the year when many of them return home, and do not need to spend money on buying a best dress (in particular, more than half of towns and villages in Iwate Prefecture hold the ceremony on the day of the Obon festival).
- その反省から、1990年代以降は自前の酒米用農地(田んぼ)を持ち、春から秋にかけては米作りを、秋から春にかけては酒造りをおこなう蔵や、酒米作りを専門とする農家と栽培契約をむすび一体化した生産体制に切り替える蔵が急増している。
- Consequent upon the foregoing, since 1990s, the number of breweries that have their own agricultural land (paddy fields) in which to produce sakamai and carry out rice growing from spring to autumn and sake brewing from autumn to spring, and other breweries that conclude contracts for growing to unify their production systems, has rapidly increased.
- 昭和40年代以降、扇風機やクーラー、焜炉の普及など、生活環境の著しい変化により実用面は縮小するものの、夏場を中心に涼をとる生活の道具、花火など日本の風情を楽しむおしゃれの小道具、炊事の道具、広告の媒体としての利用は今も盛んである。
- Uchiwa fan has been loosing its practical role due to the drastic change in living conditions such as the spread of electric fan, air conditioner and stove since 1965, however, Uchiwa fan now enjoys popularity as a living tool for cooling off in summer, a fashion tool for enjoying the Japanese taste such as fireworks, a kitchen tool and an advertising medium.
- 日本国外に進出したたこ焼き店も見られるが、地中海沿岸地域(南ヨーロッパ)やメキシコ以外ではタコを食べる習慣がないため、現地で受け入れられるような食材を代わりに入れるか、あるいは具を入れないで焼き上げたものが売られている場合がある。
- Takoyaki is sold outside Japan, but people except for the Mediterranean population (in southern Europe) or Mexicans have no custom of eating octopus, and sometimes takoyaki without octopus or with alternative ingredients acceptable to local people is offered.
- われわれ現在の日本人がイメージする伝統的文化にも明治以降に生まれたもの(例:神前結婚)や俗に言う外国文化であるもの(例:“コウノトリが赤ちゃんを運ぶ”という伝説。これはヨーロッパの民話であるが、日本でも地域的に定着している)も多い。
- Traditional cultures imaged by present-day Japanese people contain cultures which were born after the Meiji period (e.g. a wedding with Shinto rites) and originated from commonly-called foreign cultures (e.g. legend that 'a stork brings a baby'; this is a European folktale, but is established regionally even in Japan).
- しかし、全国高等学校体育連盟・日本中学校体育連盟の公式試合・昇段審査においては未だに禁止されており、また小学生においては片手で竹刀を用いての打突は一本として有効ではないとされるため、高校生以下では実質上禁止されているに等しい状況である。
- However, Nito is still prohibited for the official matches/Kendo dan examinations of the All Japan High School Athletic Federation/Nippon Junior High School Physical Culture Association, and in the case of elementary school pupils Datotsu (strike/thrust) with Shinai held in one hand is not regarded as an Ippon, so the situation of Nito with regard to students of high-school age and younger is essentially prohibited to a large extent.
- また純米酒に関わる規定として、1991年に日本酒級別制度が廃止されて以降、2003年(平成15年)12月31日まで、「精米歩合が70%以下のもの」という項目があり、「純米酒」という名称に品格を持たせるために、精米歩合を法的に規制していた。
- With respect to provisions relating to junmaishu, since the sake grading system was abolished in 1991, there was a provision, 'with a polishing ratio of seventy percent or less' that was valid until December 31, 2003 and the polishing ratio was legally regulated in order to maintain the status of the name of 'junmaishi.'
- 鎌倉時代以降、専門分化して、研究が盛んとなり、儀式については順徳天皇の『禁秘抄』、後醍醐天皇の『建武年中行事』、一条兼良の『公事根源』、官職制度については北畠親房の『職源抄』、服飾については源雅亮の『雅亮装束抄』などの有職故実書が著された。
- After the Kamakura period, yusoku kojitsu became as specialist field and the subject of active research, leading to the authorship of books including those on ceremonies such as 'Kinpisho' written by Emperor Juntoku, 'Kemmu Nenchu Gyoji' written by Emperor Godaigo, and 'Kuji kongen' (the Rules of Court) written by Kaneyoshi ICHIJO; those on the government system such as 'Shokugensho' written by Chikafusa KITABATAKE; and those on clothing such as 'Masasuke Shozoku Sho' (Masasuke's rule book on costumes) written by MINAMOTO no Masasuke.
- 平成10年、稲取温泉旅館協同組合が中心となり観光の目玉として雛のつるし飾りまつりが開催されたが、それ以後から類似した吊るし雛イベントが開催されたり、外部の製作者、節句店、手芸店などによる類似異形のつるし飾りが流通したりするなどの問題が発生。
- In 1998, Inatori Association of Sightseeing held Hina no Tsurushikazari Festival as the main event to promote tourism, and after that they had problems with similar products and events made or held by outside makers, sekku (seasonal turn) goods shops, handicraft shops etc.
- しかし、「本格焼酎」の呼称を用いる基準が必ずしも明確でなかったことから議論が生じ、その結果2002年11月1日に前述の省令の一部改正により基準が強化され、以下に掲げるアルコール含有物を蒸留したものでなければ本格焼酎と名乗ることはできなくなった。
- But it generated a discussion about the standard not being clarified enough to use the name 'Honkaku Shochu,' as the result, on November 1, 2002 the standard was strengthened by partial revision of the law mentioned above and it became impossible to name it Honkaku Shochu except for shochu produced by distillation of alcohol-containing substances as below:
- 日本においては古くは「はばかり」や「雪隠」「厠(かわや)」「手水(ちょうず)」などと呼ばれていたが、昭和以降は「お手洗い」「化粧室」と言い替えたり、外国語(あるいは和製英語)を使い「トイレ」「W.C」「ラバトリー」などと表記したりするようになった。
- Formerly in Japan, the lavatory was called 'habakari,' 'secchin,' 'kawaya,' 'chozu' and so on, but after the Showa period it was called 'otearai' or 'keshoshitsu' instead and came to be spelled 'toilet,' 'W.C,' 'lavatory' and so on, using foreign languages (or Japanese-English words).
- また、当道座の盲人たちによって伝承されてきたために法師唄とも呼ばれることもあった (検校など当道座の盲人は髪を剃りユニフォームが「検校服」と呼ばれる僧衣に近いもので、僧形であったため。ただし平曲以外の演奏は民間の礼服である紋付羽織袴が多かったらしい)。
- Furthermore, because it was passed down among the blind people of Todo-za it was also called hoshi uta (because the blind people of Todo-za, such as the kengyo, shaved their heads and wore uniforms called 'kengyo fuku' resembling the robes of Buddhist monks, and therefore they looked like Buddhist priests; but in performances other than Heikyoku it is considered that they often dressed in a combination of a haori and a hakama with a family crest, as the formal attire of ordinary citizens).
- お好み焼き専門店では、これら既製品のみならず、ウスターソース(中濃ソース・濃厚ソースなどを含むウスターソース類の総称ではなく、狭義のウスターソース、以下同じ)、とんかつソース、辛口のどろソースなど各種のソースをブレンドして独自の味を作り出していることも多い。
- In okonomiyaki shops, not only these store-bought sauces, but also various kinds such as Worcester sauce (this is not a general term for the Worcester sauce group such as medium thick sauce, thick sauce, but Worcester sauce in a limited sense and are same as the above), Tonkatsu sauce (Japanese Ketchup), spicy Doro sauce (literally translates to 'mud sauce') are often blended to make original flavors.
- 1977年には洋式便器の販売が和式便器の販売数を超え、スイスやアメリカ合衆国にあったビデ付の便器を東陶機器(現・TOTO (企業))が取り入れ、拡張機能を加えた温水洗浄便座として「ウォシュレット」のブランド名で販売して以来さまざまな会社が製造するようになった。
- In 1977 yoshiki lavatory basins outsold washiki ones and TOTO LTD brought in lavatory basins with a bidet (douche) made in Switzerland or The United States, added advanced features to them, sold them in the brand name 'Washlet' and since then various companies came to produce them.
- 古くは祭事などの折に年に数回、泥酔するほど飲むが、日常生活には徳利の影も見当たらないような明治時代前期以前の酒のありようから、食卓に晩酌がなじんできたそれ以降の酒のありようへの変化も、その境界線を曖昧にしていく歴史作用であったが、その延長線上にあるものである。
- The change from the style of dead drinks several times a year at the time of special events such as festivals and having no sake bottle in daily life before the early part of the Meiji period to the style of drinking with dinner after that, also made that border ambiguous historically, which was seen as an extension of the trend toward low-alcohol drinks.
- 明治以降に切腹を行った有名人としては、明治天皇に殉じた乃木希典陸軍大将、特攻の父こと大西瀧治郎海軍中将、鈴木貫太郎内閣の陸軍大臣であった阿南惟幾陸軍大将、作家の三島由紀夫(なおこの三島の切腹の際、上述のような“介錯のしくじり”が起こったと言われる)などがいる。
- Notable individuals who have committed seppuku since the Meiji period include army general Maresuke NOGI who followed Emperor Meiji into death, vice admiral Takijiro ONISHI - known as 'the father of kamikaze,' army general Korechika ANAMI - Army Minister in Kantaro SUZUKI's cabinet, and the author Yukio MISHIMA (it is said that a blunder as described above was committed by the kaishakunin during this act of seppuku).
- 昼食は、健康を考えて調理された栄養バランスの優れた手作りの弁当、もしくはコンビニエンスストアや弁当屋で販売している弁当や、ファーストフード店で購入した食品(ジャンクフードとみるむきもある)を友人や会社の同僚・取引先と会食するなど、家族以外の人々と摂ることが多い。
- Lunch is generally a well-balanced home-made bento (lunch box) prepared in consideration of health, a bento sold in a convenience store or a bento shop, of food purchased at a fast-food store (some regard it as junk food) taken with friends, co-workers, or business partners rather than family members.
- 特に、2000年ごろからインターネットの出前ポータルサイトが普及してきており、中でも夢の街創造委員会が手掛ける「出前館」は、インターネットのない店舗でもインターネットからの受注ができる仕組みを開発し、インターネット出前受注の90%以上の市場占有率を開拓している。
- Especially Demae portal sites on the internet have become popular since around 2000 and especially 'Demaekan' run by Yumenomachi Souzou-iinkai developed the system that the shops without internet can take orders from the internet and accounts for 90 % share of internet Demae orders.
- なぜなら、明治時代前期の欧化政策以来、政府は数々の優遇措置をもって国民に洋酒を紹介し、国産洋酒の生産や消費を促してきたわけだが、その延長線上にやってきたのは結局「そろそろ舌になじんだころだろうから本場、外国産の洋酒をどんどん買ってくれ」というべき状況だったからである。
- This was because the government had introduced foreign liquors with various preferential treatments and promoted to produce and consume foreign liquors made in Japan since the Westernization policy in the early part of the Meiji period, which finally resulted in the situation that 'buy foreign liquors made in foreign countries because you have already gotten used to the taste.'
- 昭和5年(1930年)の縦型精米機の登場によって、一時は飛躍的な発展の可能性がかいまみえた日本酒吟醸酒の技術に関しても、昭和13酒造年度(1938年-1939年)から精米歩合が65%以下に規制されて出鼻をくじかれ、本格的な発展にはなお三十年近い歳月を待つことになった。
- Although the technique of ginjoshu seemed to be able to develop rapidly by the invention of vertical-type rice-milling machines in 1930, it could not be fully developed for almost 30 years, damaged by the regulation of the rice-polishing ratio which was under 65 percent in the Showa 13 brewing year (1938 to 1939).
- 現在の活動弁士として、麻生八咫とその娘の麻生子八咫、澤登翠とその弟子の桜井麻美、斎藤裕子、片岡一郎(以上2002年に澤登翠に入門)、その他に佐々木亜希子、映画監督と活動弁士を兼業している山田広野、古典作品及び自作アニメに活弁を付ける坂本頼光などが東京を中心に活動している。
- At present, some katsudo benshi are active mainly in Tokyo, such as Yata ASO, his daughter Koyata ASO, Midori SAWATO, Midori's pupils from 2002 (Mami SAKURAI, Yuko SAITO, and Ichiro KATAOKA), Akiko SASAKI, Hirono YAMADA (a movie director and katsudo benshi), and Raiko SAKAMOTO who narrates classical silent movies and the animated movies which he creates.
- また、平成13年施行の廃棄物の処理及び清掃に関する法律およびそれに基づく「廃棄物の処理及び清掃に関する法律施行令」により、風俗慣習上又は宗教上の行事を行うために必要な廃棄物の焼却や、農業、林業又は漁業を営むためにやむを得ないものとして行われる廃棄物の焼却など以外は禁止されている。
- Also, noyaki is prohibited except when burning waste materials is necessary to comply with the manners and customs or to perform an religions event, or when it is imperative in order for the operation of agriculture, forestry or fishery, in accordance with 'the Wastes Disposal and Public Cleansing Act' enforced in 2001 and the enforcement order of 'the Wastes Disposal and Public Cleansing Act.'
- 一般的には数件の店が一つのグループを作り、地方の縁日などを回っているが、都心の古くからある地域では一と六、二と八、三と七、五と十(四と九は縁起が悪いのと休みは的屋にも必要)の付く日で縁日を主要な町々で分けており、夏場や正月や花見など年中行事以外の限られた日数だけ地方に赴く団体もある。
- Usually, several shops form a group and travel around local fairs but, in old towns in urban areas, some groups do business at the festivals which held in the main towns at the fair dividing on days which there is a one and six, two and eight, three and seven, and five and ten (four and nine are considered unlucky so even tekiya close on those days), and some only travel to irregular, limited-period fairs other than annual events, such as summer festivals, New Years or cherry blossom viewing festivals.
- ただ「方法として可能である」ことと「製法として意味がある」ことは違うわけで、できあがる酒質から観れば、三段仕込みをおこなった時点で、段仕込みをする意味、すなわち酵母を新しい環境へ段階的に慣らしていくことによって活性を保つという意味は、すでに達成されるので、四段仕込み以上の必要はないことになる。
- However, 'a possible method' and 'reasonable method' are different, and sandan-jikomi already achieves the purpose of danjikomi to adapt the yeast to the new environment and there is no need for fermentation beyond yondan-jikomi from the standpoint of sake quality.
- 昔(1980年代頃まで)は、官公庁の業務が開始される(仕事始め)1月4日以降に初売りを行う小売店が多かったが、24時間営業のコンビニエンスストアが増えた現在では、スーパーマーケットや専門店での元日の初売りも珍しくなくなり、元日に休業するほとんどの小売店も1月2日までに初売りを行うようになっている。
- Before (until 1980s), many retailers did 'Hatsuuri' on or after January 4, when government administration offices start work (Shigoto hajime); however, now, the number of 24-hour convenience stores has increased and 'Hatsuuri' of January 1 by supermarkets and specialty stores are not unusual, and so most retailers, which are closed on January 1, have come to do 'Hatsuuri' on January 2.
- 一方、日本の厚生労働省は、2004年7月、調査結果のヒ素含有量からすると、継続的に毎週33g以上(水戻しした状態のヒジキ。体重50kgの成人の場合)を摂取しない限り世界保健機関(WHO)の暫定的耐容週間摂取量を上回ることはなく、現在の日本人の平均的摂取量に照らすと、通常の食べ方では健康リスクが高まることはない、との見解を示した。
- The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan, on the other hand, announced their opinion in July 2004 that in view of the arsenic contents in the results of the surveys, the provisional tolerable weekly intake announced by the World Health Organization (WHO) would not be exceeded unless 33 g or more (of dehydrated hijiki, in cases of a 50-kg adult) was regularly taken into per week, and that in view of the current average intake of Japanese people, the health risk was not likely to rise in cases of normal consumption.
- 酒税法が制定された1940年以来、単式蒸留焼酎(乙種)は酒税の保全や過当競争防止等の理由にてムギ・米・サツマイモ・ソバの主要4品種については新規製造免許を認めない方針によって、製造の新規参入ができない状態が長らく続いていたが、聖域なき構造改革の一環として国税庁が2005年に規制緩和の見解を示し、一部地域・条件付きながら2006年以降に新規免許が認められる事となった。
- Since the Liquor Tax Law was established in 1940, to maintain the liquor tax and prevent a price war of single distilled shochu (group Otshu), for four major varieties of barley, rice, sweet potato, buckwheat admitting new manufacturing licenses were refused and production couldn't commence for a long time, but in 2005 as a part of structural reform without sanctuaries, the National Tax Agency presented its views on the relaxation of regulations and admitted new licenses from 2006 though it was limited in areas and with conditions.
- 「寺社などの神託」とは具体的には寺社普請といい、現在でも残っているが、特に明治以前の人々の暮らしは政(まつりごとが自治権として地域で認められていた)の中心として寺や神社があり、定期的な修繕や社会基盤としての拡張や一新を図るに当たり莫大な費用が必要であり、その一環として寄付を直接募るよりは、祭りを開催し的屋を招き地域住民に参加してもらい、非日常(ハレ)を演出する事で的屋から場所代として売り上げの一部を普請の資金とした。
- The signs of temples or shrines' was basically jisha fushin and still exists today, but in pre-Meiji Period society (1868 - 1912) local government was fairly autonomous, revolving around temples and shrines and since regular repairs, improving infrastructure and planning renovations needed large amounts of money, the funds were raised not through donations, but by holding festivals, inviting tekiya and getting the locals to participate to create an atmosphere of extraordinary (hare) and making tekiya contribute part of their profit as rent.
- 呼称は、柔術に対する講道館の柔道を参考に、明治32年に武術再興のため設立した大日本武徳会が江戸時代以来の剣術や撃剣を学校の体育教育に採用できるよう稽古法を改め、大和心(大和魂)など精神修行とする(高野佐三郎の歌にも「剣道は神の教えの道なれば やまと心をみがくこの技」とある)ため、名称を大正8年(1919年)ごろ剣道としたという記録に残っており、明治末から大正初期ごろに成立したものらしい(なお剣道という用語は、例えば寛文7年(1667年)安倍立伝書に剣術は日用の術なので剣道という号にするという表現がみえるなど、江戸時代にも流派によっては使われたこともある)。
- The name 'Kendo' seems to have been established in or around the end of Meiji period to the early Taisho period, as it recorded that Dai Nippon Butoku Kai, which was established in 1899 to restore Bujutsu, using examples from Jujutsu versus Judo of the Kodokan Judo Institute, established the Kendo name in around 1919 so that Kenjutsu and Gekken, which were handed down from the Edo period, would be introduced into physical education in the school system by changing the training methods and making it a form of mental training such as Yamato-gokoro (Japanese spirit) (Yamato-damashii [Japanese spirit]) (a poem of Sasaburo TAKANO describes, 'Kendo is a God-instructed way; this technique refines Yamato-gokoro') (the term 'Kendo' was used by some schools as early as the Edo period; for instance, Abe-tate densho (book) in 1667 described that since Kenjutsu was for daily use the name of Kendo would be used).