代表: 1000 Terms and Phrases

• 代表歌
• His major poems
• Representative Poems
• Some of her best representative poems
• Representative works
• Well Known Poems
• Miyuki's famous waka (Japanese poetry)

• 代表作：
• Representative works:

• 代表して
• on behalf of

• 研究代表者
• principal investigator

• 和様の代表
• Typical Japanese style calligraphers

• 代表的人物
• Representative Figures

• 株主代表訴訟
• shareholder lawsuit
• Derivative suit

• 代表的な家門
• Representative families

• 代表的な会所
• Representative kaisho

• 絵師と代表作
• Painters and their most important work

• 代表的古典作
• Foremost Classical Stories

• 代表的な読本
• Representative Works of Yomihon

• 代表的な当主
• Representative Family Heads

• 代表的な弟子
• Leading Disciples of Doan SEN

• 高麗楽を代表。
• He was a representative of Komagaku (the court music of Japan introduced from Korea).

• 代表 田中伊助
• Representative: Isuke TANAKA

• 代表的な公家悪
• Typical Kugeaku

• 代表的な仇討事件
• Major Cases of Adauchi

• 主な絵師と代表作
• Major painters and their masterpieces

• 代表的な仏教建築
• Major Buddhist Architecture

• 攘夷運動の代表例
• Examples of the Joi movement (the movement advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners)

• 代表者　丸岡圭一
• representative: Keiichi Maruoka

• 代表的な飯の料理
• Typical rice dishes

• 代表的な観光名所
• Major tourist spots

• 代表的な土産物。
• Famous souvenirs.

• 代表的な温泉饅頭
• Famous Onsen-manju

• 代表的作品（日本）
• Representative Works (Japan):

• 代表的作品（中国）
• Representative Works (China):

• 以下の方法が代表的
• The following are typical methods.

• 代表的な運行コース
• Typical tour

• - 代表作『怪談』。
• Representative work, 'Kaidan' (ghost stories).

• 代表的なうどん写真集
• Photographs of typical Udon

• 立役の代表的な演目。
• It is a representative program of tachiyaku.

• 江戸石堂派の代表工。
• He was a representative craftsman of Edo-Ishido-ryu school.

• 代表取締役は西岡善信。
• The representative director is Yoshinobu NISHIOKA.

• 所謂つまの代表的なもの
• Representatives of what are referred to as tsuma

• 代表作に乱菊中棗など。
• His representative works include Rangikuchunatsume.

• 喜多流職分協議会代表。
• Akiyo is the Kitaryu shokubun kyogikai (conference of Kita school's occupational branch family) representative.

• 西舞鶴市街地の代表駅。
• It is a hub station in the Nishi-Maizuru urban area.

• 実録的軍記の代表である。
• A representative example of a factual military record.

• エアバス代表取締役社長。
• The CEO of Airbus.

• 終末期古墳の代表的なもの
• Representative Kofun mounds in the final stage of the Kofun period

• - 代表作『雨月物語』。
• Representative work, 'Ugetsu Monogatari' (The Tales of Moon and Rain)

• - 代表作『しゃばけ』。
• Representative work is 'Shabake' (story of ghosts).

• すり鉢を使う代表的な料理
• Major dishes which use Suribachi

• 岡本綺堂の作品が代表的。
• It is typified by Kido OKAMOTO's works.

• 京田辺市の代表駅である。
• It's a major station in Kyotanabe City.

• 東映を代表する映画監督。
• He was the film director that represented Toei Company, Ltd.

• 以下は代表的な仇討ち事件：
• Major cases of Adauchi are as follows:

• 脇狂言を代表する祝言曲目。
• It is a notable celebratory number in Waki Kyogen (auspicious plays).

• 日本サーフボール協会代表。
• He is the representative of Japan Surfball Association.

• 金属加工などが代表的である。
• Metalworking is its typical industry.

• 以下に代表的なものを挙げる。
• The famous Hyakunin Isshu are as follows.

• 最も代表的な、水揚げの方法。
• Mizukiri is the most typical way of water raising.

• - 代表作『画図百鬼夜行』。
• Representative work, 'Gazu Hyakki Yagyo.'

• 鍋焼きうどんが代表例である。
• Nabeyaki-Udon (noodles served hot in a pan) typifies Nikomi-Udon.

• B級グルメの代表格でもある。
• It's a typical dish of what is called class B Gurume (dishes that are delicious, inexpensive and provided in abundant amounts).

• 代表的な弟子（とされる人物）
• The representative disciples (allegedly):

• 代表作 (見学が可能なもの)
• His Representative Works (those that could be visited)

• 代表作は「青田」「青梅」等。
• Suisho's representative works are 'Aota' (green rice fields), 'Aoume' (Japanese pickled green plums), etc.

• 株式会社和泉宗家代表取締役。
• She is the representative director of Izumi Soke Co.

• 現在、関西を代表する能楽師。
• He is currently a leading Noh actor in the Kansai region.

• 代表作は時代劇『三匹の侍』。
• One of his representative works is a period drama, 'Three Outlaw Samurai.'

• 本作は今井の代表作となった。
• The film became his best-known work.

• 元アメリカ通商代表部日本部長。
• The former director for Japanese Affairs Section of the United States Trade Representative Office.

• 代表作「日蓮像」（樂家所蔵）。
• His representative work is the Nichiren Statue (possessed by the RAKU family).

• - 代表作『ゲゲゲの鬼太郎』。
• Representative work, 'Ge Ge Ge no Kitaro.'

• 代表作に三斎好・野風茶器など。
• His representative works include Sansaiko and Yafuchaki.

• 官人を代表しての祝辞であろう。
• Perhaps he spoke as a representative of the government officials.

• - 梅雨の時期に咲く代表的な花。
• Typical flower that blooms in the season of baiu

• 代表的なものは以下の3つである。
• The following are three examples of Hideyoshi's Uji-gawa River improvement project:

• その代表的思想家は黄宗羲である。
• The major thinker was Huang Zongxi.

• 入鹿は公家悪の代表的な役である。
• Iruka is a typical Kugeaku (a noble villain in Kabuki).

• 大正ロマンを代表する画家である。
• As a painter, he was representative of the Taisho Roman style.

• 白樺派の代表的歌人の一人となる。
• He was one of the representative poets of the Shirakaba School.

• 代表的な著作は上記『神社覈録』。
• His representative work is 'Jinjakakuroku' described above.

• 室町時代の代表歌人は、今川貞世。
• The best example of a Reizei school poet during the Muromachi period is Sadayo IMAGAWA.

• 慶長五年庚子十月六日宮代表御合戦
• The Battle of Miyashiro Omote on October 6, 1600

• 代表的な「府中」は、以下のとおり。
• The representative 'Fuchu' are as follows.

• その代表が朱子学と陽明学であった。
• Shushigaku and Yomeigaku were the leading schools of this movement.

• ここでは代表的なものを2つあげる。
• The two most typical recipes are shown below.

• 代表作『紙本著色高野大師行状図』。
• His representative work was 'Shihon choshoku Koya Daishi gyojo zu' (the illustrated biography of Priest Koya Daishi)

• 代表作『神像板絵』（薬師寺所蔵）。
• His representative work, 'Shinzo ita e' (a panel painting depicting an image of a god), is in the possession of Yakushi-ji Temple

• 代表作に『隣の嫁』『春の潮』など。
• Sachio's representative works include 'Tonari no yome' (a bride next door) and 'Haru no ushio' (spring tide).

• 代表作に認得斎好・蔦蒔絵中棗など。
• His representative works include Nintoku Saiko and Tsutamakie Chunatsume.

• この時代を代表する堂上歌人である。
• He was a representative poet on the temple of the era.

• 京の七口として挙げられる代表的な口
• Entrances typically cited as Seven Entrances to Kyoto

• 京都大学図書館蔵本が代表的な本文。
• A text owned by the Kyoto University Library is representative.

• 以下に、その代表的なものを記述する。
• Typical origami bases are listed below.

• 代表的なものをいくつか例に挙げると、
• Some typical examples are cited as follows:

• 日本発祥の、代表的な洋食料理である。
• It is a typical Western-style food originated in Japan.

• 戦後の観世流を代表する名手であった。
• He was an expert representing the Kanze school after the war.

• 鹿児島の島津家の代表も参列している。
• Representatives of the Shimazu family from Kagoshima also attend the service.

• 大正・昭和を代表する金春流の能楽師。
• He was a leading Noh actor of the Konparu school in the Taisho and Showa periods.

• 昭和期を代表する日本画家と評される。
• He is evaluated as the foremost Japanese-style painter of the Showa era.

• 代表的なものを次に掲げることにする。
• The following are some of the typical categories.

• 後世に不忠臣の代表として悪名を受けた。
• In later generations, he was given a bad reputation and regarded as a example of disloyalty.

• 雪村友梅、寂室元光らがその代表である。
• Yubai SESSON and Genko JYAKUSHITSU were typical persons affected by him.

• まことに目出度い、代表的な切能である。
• It is very auspicious, and one of the most famous Kirinoh (last Noh play of the day).

• 金比羅宮所蔵の金刀比羅本に代表される。
• It is represented by the Kotohirabon owned by Konpira-gu Shrine.

• 以下に、各系統の代表的な本文を掲げる。
• The following is a representative text of each line:

• 以下に挙げる諸事件はその代表例である。
• Incidents mentioned below were representative cases.

• 物語的軍記の代表であり、さきがけである。
• The first and foremost example of a story-telling military record.

• TEL：0771-52-0300（代表）
• TEL:0771-52-0300 (the main switchboard number)

• TEL：075-861-1101（代表）
• TEL:075-861-1101 (the main switchboard number)

• TEL：075-381-7121(代表)
• Tel: 075-381-7121 (the main switchboard number)

• TEL：075-432-1181（代表）
• TEL: 075-432-1181 (the main switchboard number)

• TEL：075-332-8111(代表)
• Tel: 075-332-8111 (the main switchboard number)

• TEL：075-681-3111（代表）
• Tel: 075-681-3111 (the main switchboard number)

• TEL：075-642-3101（代表）
• TEL:075-642-3101 (the main switchboard number)

• 20世紀を代表する家具デザイナーの一人。
• One of the most influential furniture designers in the 20th century.

• TEL：075-571-0003（代表）
• TEL:075-571-0003 (the main switchboard number)

• TEL：075-611-1101（代表）
• TEL:075-611-1101 (the main switchboard number)

• この成功者の代表は近松門左衛門であった。
• Monzaemon CHIKAMATSU was a representative of successful writers of those texts.

• 一方「唄もの」の代表例が「長唄」である。
• Nagauta (long epic songs with shamisen accompaniment) is an example representative of song-like performance.

• 日本発祥の料理で、代表的な洋食のひとつ。
• The dish, which was invented in Japan, is one of the Japan's most popular Western-style dishes.

• TEL：075-561-1191（代表）
• Tel: 075-561-1191(main telephone)

• TEL：075-771-4211（代表）
• TEL: 075-771-4211 (the main switchboard number)

• 江戸の古典歌舞伎を代表する演目のひとつ。
• This is one of the classic Edo Kabuki plays.

• 慶勝は新政府を代表して大坂城を受け取る。
• Yoshikatsu received Osaka-jo Castle on behalf of the new government.

• 親・篤胤派の代表としては服部中庸がいた。
• There was Nakatsune HATTORI for pro-Atsutane group.

• その中でも代表的なものが下の2曲である。
• The following two songs are the most typical:

• 次に枕の意味について代表的な説を述べる。
• The following are typical views about the meaning of 'pillow':

• 作者は紀友則以下、当代の代表歌人十数人。
• The writers included over 10 representative poets of the time, such as KI no Tomonori.

• 前者は宮内庁書陵部御所本が代表的な伝本。
• The most representative denpon of the former category is the Kunaicho Shoryobu Goshobon (in other words, 'the manuscript kept by the Archives and Mausoleum Department of the Imperial Household Agency').

• 日本各地の代表的な平家の落人伝承のある地域
• Regions in Japan where well-known oral traditions of Heike no Ochudo have been passed down

• 平安時代の工芸を代表する蒔絵の名品である。
• It is the famous art of makie (Japanese lacquer sprinkled with gold or silver powder) that represents the art crafts of the Heian period.

• 演者が実際に高座で倒れる『死神』が代表例。
• 'Shinigami (the God of Death)' is a typical example, in which a storyteller falls down at the Koza (the stage on which a rakugo storyteller sits).

• 江戸時代の代表的な料理書のひとつとされる。
• It is considered to be one of the foremost food books written in the Edo period.

• 『仮名手本忠臣蔵』では笹や節が代表である。
• 'Sasayabushi' is the representative song based on 'Kanadehon Chushingura.'

• 日本初の近代オリンピック代表選手となった。
• Mishima was the first national member of Japan in modern Olympics.

• 江戸・文化 (日本)文政期を代表する名優。
• He was a great actor representing the Bunka-Bunsei eras (from 1804 to 1829) of Edo period (Japan).

• また、この時代を代表する漢詩詩人でもある。
• He was also one of the great composers of Chinese poetry of his era.

• 焼失前は江戸初期の代表的な建造物で､国宝｡
• It was a typical building of the early Edo period and National Treasure before the destruction by fire.

• 他にこの時代の代表作として下記が挙げられる。
• Following are other works that represent this period.

• 小像ながら、日本の愛染明王像の代表作の1つ。
• Although it is small in size, it is a representative work of statues of Aizenmyoo in Japan.

• 鈴木氏（すずきし）日本の代表的姓氏のひとつ。
• The Suzuki clan is one of the representing seishi (hereditary family name) in Japan.

• 特に「はりはり鍋」は代表的な物の一つである。
• In particular, 'harihari nabe' (a dish served in a pot) is a typical one of them.

• 加入は流派単位で、流派の代表者の推薦が必要。
• Joining the association is at the school level, and requires the recommendation of the representative person of the school.

• この時期の代表的作品として以下のものがある。
• The representative works of that period are the followings:

• 江戸時代末期を代表する浮世絵師の一人である。
• He was one of the leading Ukiyo-e artists during the end of the Edo Period.

• 西田幾多郎とともに京都学派を代表する思想家。
• Along with Kitaro NISHIDA, he was a thinker representative of the Kyoto School.

• その代表的なものとして、以下などが挙げられる。
• Major examples are follows:

• 代表的なものは、清原氏、橘氏、源氏などがある。
• Some of the representative examples include the Kiyohara, Tachibana and Minamoto clans.

• （現代表記）勅意宏遠、誠に以って感銘に堪えず。
• (modern written Japanese) 勅意宏遠、誠に以って感銘に堪えず。

• 中国の二十四史が代表的なものとしてあげられる。
• China's Twenty-four Dynastic Histories are a good example of this type of seishi.

• ホットドッグ、ポップコーン、タコス等が代表的。
• The most representative street stalls within the United States of America are: Hot dogs, popcorns, and tacos.

• 代表的なものが『サンヨー食品主な商品』である。
• The typical item is 'the main product of SANYO FOODS Co.,Ltd.'

• 元々、豊受大神は葛城氏が代表して奉祀していた。
• Originally, Toyouke no Okami (Grand Divine Toyouke) had been enshrined by the Katsuragi clan.

• 元禄の時代を代表する名優で、関西歌舞伎の始祖。
• He was a kabuki luminary in the Genroku era and the founder of Kansai Kabuki (western-Japan-style kabuki).

• 1891年連載した長編『胡沙吹く風』が代表作。
• His representative work is a long novel 'Kosa-fuku-kaze' (The Seasonal Wind with Chinese Sand) published in installments in 1891.

• 代表作に江岑好・独楽香合、庸軒好・凡鳥棗など。
• His representative works include Koshinko, Komanurikoawase, Yokenko, and Bonchonatsume.

• 代表作に碌々斎好・既望棗、玄々斎好・曙棗など。
• His representative works include Rokurokusaiko, Kibonatsume, Gengensaiko, and Akebononatsume.

• 東山文化を代表する文化人の一人として知られる。
• He is known as a man of culture representing the Higashiyama Culture.

• 柳兼子は近代日本を代表する女性声楽（アルト）。
• Kaneko YANAGI was a female singer (alto singer), who represented modern day Japan.

• 北部九州弥生時代前～中期の代表的な墓制である。
• It was the typical burial system in the early to middle Yayoi period in northern Kyushu.

• （現代表記）広く会議を興し、万機公論に決すべし。
• (modern written Japanese) 広く会議を興し、万機公論に決すべし。(Deliberative assemblies shall be widely established and all matters decided by open discussion.)

• 選者の詠進歌（選歌を選出する選者のうち代表1人）
• A poem written by a selector (a representative selector of selected poems)

• 代表される書に『西本願寺本三十六人家集』がある。
• Such typical calligraphic works included 'Nishi-Honganji-bon Sanju-rokunin-kashu' (the Nishi-Honganji collection of thirty-six persons' anthologies).

• 代表的な人物に初代征夷大将軍坂上田村麻呂がいる。
• SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro, who was the first Seii Taishogun (commander-in-chief of the expeditionary force against the barbarians), was the representative of the Sakanoue clan.

• 『熊野』（ゆや）は、能を代表する曲の一つである。
• 'Yuya' is one of the most representative Noh pieces.

• 明治の新風俗を描いたいわゆる「散切物」の代表作。
• The representative work of so-called 'zangirimono' (The Cropped Hair Plays) depicting the new folkways of the Meiji period

• 現在では北九州市を代表する土産菓子となっている。
• Nowadays, the Kurimanju is one of the typical souvenirs of Kitakyushu City.

• 1970年（45歳）「冥の会」結成、代表者となる
• 1970 (aged 45): Formed 'Mei no kai' and became the representative.

• 藤原顕隆…「夜の関白」と称された代表的な院近臣。
• FUJIWARA no Akitaka-A typical In no Kinshin (the retired Emperor's courtier) called 'Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) of the night.'

• 代表作に而妙斎好・吉祥松溜雪吹・春野旅箪笥など。
• Her representative works include Jinyosaiko, Kichijomatsudamarifubuki, and Harunotabitansu.

• 1961年（昭和36年）、代表作『仔鹿』を出品。
• In 1961, he entered a contest with the work titled 'Kojika,' which later became one of his representative works.

• 祇園（ぎおん）とは京都の代表的な繁華街及び歓楽街。
• Gion is one of the most popular downtown areas and entertainment spots in Kyoto.

• ヤマト王権は倭を代表する政治勢力へと成長している。
• Yamato sovereignty evolved into the representative political power of Wa (ancient Japan).

• このような村民を代表する側面を「惣代機能」と呼ぶ。
• Such an aspect that the Shoya or Nanushi represented to the village is known as 'Soudaikinou.'

• 第1が後藤新平などに代表される特別統治主義である。
• One is the special governance approach represented by Shinpei GOTO and others.

• ほぼ全てが井戸茶碗に代表される茶碗類となっている。
• Almost all are bowls typified by Ido tea bowl.

• 代表作「左入二百」（享保18（1733年）作成）。
• His representative work is the Sanyu Nihyaku (two hundred) series created in 1733.

• 法隆寺金堂本尊銅造釈迦三尊像（623年）が代表作。
• His representative work is the bronze statues of Shaka Sanzon (Shakyamuni triads) made in 623 which is the honzon (principal object of worship) of the Horyu-ji Temple's Kondo (the Golden Pavilion).

• ｢若」（わか）： その屋号の次世代の代表格に対して
• Prefix '若' (waka): It is used for star actors of the up-coming generation.

• 上品な甘さが人気を集める薯蕷で三重県の代表的銘菓。
• It is an excellent cake representing Mie Prefecture and is famous for its refined sweetness.

• 実用性も併せ持ち、日本を代表する漆器となっている。
• Being of practical use as well, it is one of Japan's best-known lacquerware in Japan.

• 代表作に認得斎好・祇園攘疫棗・群亀棗・宝船棗など。
• His representative works include Nintoku Saiko, Gionjoekinatsume, Gunkinatsume, and Hosennatsume.

• 代表作は『七人の侍』『大番』『南の島に雪が降る』。
• His best-known movies are 'Seven Samurai,' 'Oban' (Big game) and 'Minami no shima ni yuki ga furu' (Snowfall on the southern island).

• 成熟期鎌倉歌壇における代表的な武家歌人と目される。
• He was viewed as a leading poet from samurai families in the mature stage of Kamakura poetry circle.

• 野沢凡兆と共に、蕉風の代表句集「猿蓑」を編纂した。
• Together with Boncho NOZAWA, he compiled 'Sarumino,' a collection of representative haiku in the Basho school.

• 7世紀後半頃の東北地方北部の古墳の副葬品の代表例。
• It is the major burial goods for tumulus in northern Tohoku Region in the late seventh century.

• 文房趣味の代表格として筆・墨・硯・紙が挙げられる。
• A brush, black ink, ink stone and paper were representative of Bunbo Shumi.

• 慶長5年10月6日の伊達家の福島侵攻（宮代表合戦）
• The invasion of the Date family into Fukushima on October 6, 1600 (the Battle of Miyashiro Omote)

• 後北条氏の小田原城や豊臣秀吉の大坂城が代表格である。
• Major examples are Odawara-jo Castle of the Gohojo clan and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI's Osaka-jo Castle.

• 白鳳文化を代表するものとしては興福寺仏頭などがある。
• The Buddha head in Kofuku-ji Temple is an example representative of Hakuho culture.

• ロックギタリストのジミ・ヘンドリックスなどが代表例。
• Jimi Hendrix, a rock guitarist, was one of the most famous for it.

• 小野小町を主人公とする「小町物」の代表的作品である。
• This is a leading work of 'Komachimono' which feature Ono no Komachi, as the main character.

• 代表作に覚々斎好・ブリブリ香合、少庵好・彭祖棗など。
• His representative works include Kakukakusaiko (or Kakukakusaigonom), Buriburikoawase, Shoanko (or Shoangonomi) and Hoso natsume.

• 代表作に「役者口三味線」、「絵本浅香山」などがある。
• His representative works are 'Yakusha kuchijamisen' (actor humming a shamisen tune), 'Ehon Asakayama' (picture book of Asakayama), and others.

• 宝暦を代表する名女形・佐野川萬菊の弟を祖とする家系。
• The family was founded by the younger brother of Mangiku SANOGAWA, who was a celebrated onnagata (an actor who plays the role of women) of the Horeki era (from 1751 to 1763).

• 株式会社今村プロダクションの代表取締役を務めていた。
• He served as the managing director of IMAMURA Production.

• 紫式部…平安期を代表する物語文学『源氏物語』の著者。
• Murasaki Shikibu-Author of 'Genji Monogatari' (The Tale of Genji), which represents the narrative literature of the Heian Period.

• （現代表記）旧来の陋習を破り、天地の公道に基づくべし。
• (modern written Japanese) 旧来の陋習を破り、天地の公道に基づくべし。(Evil customs of the past shall be broken off and everything based upon the just laws of Nature.)

• （現代表記）智識を世界に求め、大いに皇基を振起すべし。
• (modern written Japanese) 智識を世界に求め、大いに皇基を振起すべし。(Knowledge shall be sought throughout the world so as to strengthen the foundation of imperial rule.)

• （現代表記）上下心を一にして、さかんに経綸を行うべし。
• (modern written Japanese) 上下心を一にして、さかんに経綸を行うべし。(All classes, high and low, shall be united in vigorously carrying out the administration of affairs of state.)

• また在位中の代表的な年号を取って「延喜帝」と称された。
• He was instead called 'Engi-tei,' a name that came from the major eras of his reign.

• 代表作は『地蔵尊霊験絵巻』（本絵巻の賛詞は吉田兼好）。
• His representative work was 'Jizoson reigen emaki' (a horizontal picture scroll depicting miraculous Jizo, the Guardian Deity of Travelers and Children). (Kenko YOSHIDA offered a compliment on this picture scroll.)

• 『井筒』 (いづつ) は、能を代表する曲の一つである。
• 'Izutsu' is one of the most representative Noh pieces.

• 代表作は「帰雲飛雨」「紅葉館」（佐賀県立美術館所蔵）。
• Representative works include 'Kiunhiu,' 'Momiji-kan' (紅葉館) (stored at the Saga Prefectural Art Museum).

• 京都府北部における行政の中心都市である舞鶴市の代表駅。
• It is a major station in Maizuru City, the central administrative city in northern Kyoto.

• 代表的な院近臣家の出身ながら、摂関家の家司をも務めた。
• Although he was from a typical In no Kinshin family, he also served as Keishi (household superintendent) of Sekkan-ke (the families which produced regents).

• 連歌は能楽と並び室町文化を代表する遊戯の1つとされる。
• Renga is considered one of the games that represent the Muromachi culture, along with Nogaku.

• 渡り中間に代表されるように、一時限りの奉公の場合が多い。
• Many served temporarily as watari-chugen (itinerant servants).

• 代表的な増補者として中御門宗忠や土御門通親が挙げられる。
• Well-known persons who enlarged the book are Munetada NAKAMIKADO and Michichika TSUCHIMIKADO.

• サイレント映画時代のハリウッドを代表する大スターの一人。
• He was one of the big stars in the Silent Era of Hollywood.

• 藤原興風 - 平安中期、『古今和歌集』期を代表する歌人。
• FUJIWARA no Okikaze: A prominent waka poet in the mid Heian period, representing the period in which 'Kokin Wakashu' (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) was compiled.

• その代表例はサムスングループの創始者である李秉喆である。
• The most notable is Byung-Chull LEE, the founder of the Samsung Group.

• 六朝時代の代表的な文人に東晋の詩人 陶淵明があげられる。
• TAO Yuan Ming, a poet in the Eastern Jin, was a representative Bunjin in the Six Dynasties Period.

• 特に十五世観世元規は明治期を代表する太鼓方として名高い。
• Especially Motomori KANZE, the 15th, was famed as the taiko-kata in Meiji era.

• 1666年（寛文6年）創業の北近畿を代表する小売業業者。
• Retailer established in 1666 and represents Kitakinki.

• なお荒事の代表作として『暫』しばしば海外でも上演される。
• As a representative of aragoto plays, 'Shibaraku' is often played overseas.

• 代表的な門人として熊沢蕃山、淵岡山、中川謙叔などがいる。
• There were representative pupils such as Banzan KUMAZAWA, Kozan FUCHI and Kenshuku NAKAGAWA.

• 現在では中古後期を代表する作り物語として評価されている。
• Nowadays, it is considered a fictional story that represents the latter Heian period.

• ディーナール金貨・ディルハム銀貨が代表的な貨幣であった。
• The gold dinar and the silver dirham were leading coins.

• 代表例としては高田藩の越後騒動や、仙台藩の伊達騒動がある。
• Representative examples included the Echigo riot by the Takada clan and the Date riot by the Sendai clan.

• 村の庄屋・名主は、地方三役のひとつで、村落の代表者である。
• Each Shoya and Nanushi of a village was one of the three officers of a village ('jikata-sanyaku' in Japanese), and the official representative person for the village.

• 江戸期の代表的な陽明学者は中江藤樹と弟子の熊沢蕃山である。
• Toju NAKAE and his disciple Banzan KUMAZAWA were leading Yomeigaku scholars during the Edo period.

• また、薩長らの強硬な動きに在京の諸藩代表の動揺が広がった。
• The adamant move of Satsuma and Choshu Domains spread disturbance among the representatives of many domains in Kyoto.

• 発起人代表者は小西晴美・中島良太郎・村田奎太郎・山本建三。
• The founders and representatives were Harumi KONISHI, Ryotaro NAKAJIMA, Keitaro MURATA and Kenzo YAMAMOTO.

• 臣下の着用例としては、六位蔵人の使用が代表的なものである。
• For the example in wearing of a vassal, the use of Rokui no Kurodo (Chamberlain of Sixth Rank) is the representative.

• ｢大」（おお）： その屋号を代表する長老や看板役者に対して
• Prefix '大' (o): It is used for the most important elder and the star actor among the actors who share the same yago.

• 当時盛んに作られた写実的な時代物『活歴物』の代表作である。
• It is a drama which represents 'Katsurekimono,' realistic historical dramas that were actively produced at that time.

• 丸髷（まるまげ）：江戸時代前期から近代までの代表的な女髷。
• Marumage: A typical mage for women from early Edo Period to early-modern times.

• 一躍映画界を代表する存在になり、後世に大きな影響を与えた。
• He immediately became a leading person in the film industry and had a great influence on future generations.

• 曹廷杰注の『万国公法釋義』（1901）がその代表例である。
• '万国公法釋義' annotated by Cáo Tíngjié (1901) is a typical example.

• 戦国大名の分国法などでも禁止行為の代表として挙げられている。
• In the territorial laws propagated by Sengoku daimyos (Japanese territorial lords in the Sengoku period), they were listed on the top of prohibited behaviors.

• 他にこの時代の代表作として下記が挙げられる（いずれも国宝）。
• The following are the representative works in this period (all of them are national treasures).

• 町の名主に代わり、家持の代理人＝家守（やもり）の代表である。
• Instead of a Nanushi of the town, Yamori (a manger who works for a homeowner or a landowner) who was to become a deputy of the homeowner, emerged.

• これは、各藩1人の代表者により構成される立法議事機関である。
• Kogisho was a legislature consisting of representatives selected one person from each domain.

• そして山内流と名付けられて以後臼杵藩の代表的な泳法となった。
• The style of swimming was named Yamauchi school and later became a notable swimming style in the Usuki Domain.

• 近衛文麿・有馬頼寧・木戸幸一・徳川義親などがその代表である。
• Among them, Fumimaro KONOE, Yoriyasu ARIMA, Koichi KIDO, and Yoshichika TOKUGAWA were well-known.

• だが、御内人の抑制ではその代表である内管領平頼綱と対立した。
• However, he was opposed by TAIRA no Yoritsuna, who held the position of uchikanrei, the head of miuchibito whose power he restricted.

• 代表作は『大森彦七』『侠客春雨傘』『鏡獅子』『春日局』など。
• His major works were 'Hikoshichi OMORI,' 'Otokodate Harusame Gasa (A Chivalrous Commoner and a Spring Rain Umbrella),' 'Kagamijishi' (The Lion Dance), 'Kasuga no tsubone' and so on.

• 中国文人は琴棊書画に代表されるような芸能を遊戯として嗜んだ。
• Bunjin in China enjoyed public entertainments represented by Kinkishoga.

• それからは和船の流れを引き継ぐ弁財船が日本の船舶の代表となる。
• Then so-called benzai-sen ships that inherited features of wasen became mostly used in Japan.

• このうち、時代を象徴する代表的遺物と目されるのは銅鐸であろう。
• Of all, the most symbolic, typical bronze ware of the period is supposed to be the bronze bell.

• 桓武平氏、清和源氏、秀郷流藤原氏などが代表的な軍事貴族である。
• Major examples of military aristocrats are Kanmu-Heishi (Taira clan), Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan), and the Fujiwara clan of the Hidesato line.

• 代表的な会所建築として、将軍家の御所にあった会所をとりあげる。
• The Kaisho within the gosho of the shogunke will be referred as the representative architecture of kaisho.

• その代表例が姉川の合戦で最も武功をあげた磯野員昌の離間である。
• A typical example was the estrangement of Kazumasa ISONO, who made the greatest military contributions in the Battle of Anegawa.

• 昭和を代表する女形で、中村歌右衛門 (6代目)と並び賞された。
• Baiko was one of the best actors of female roles in the Showa period, and as highly praised as Utaemon NAKAMURA the Sixth.

• 歴史は古く、うどんや寿司、天ぷらと並ぶ代表的な日本料理である。
• Soba has a long history being a representative Japanese food along with udon (Japanese wheat noodles), sushi and tenpura.

• 現存しているものとしては、神社で製造されるぶとが代表的である。
• Among existing ones, 'Buto' produced in shrines is representative.

• 院政に院近臣として勢威を得た藤原通憲（信西）はその代表である。
• The typical case is FUJIWARA no Michinori/Shinzei, who gained power in the cloister government as In no Kinshin (a courtier of the ex-emperor).

• 狩野芳崖の悲母観音図（東京芸術大学蔵）はその代表作といえよう。
• Hibo Kannon-zu (painting of Avalokitesvara as a merciful mother) by Hogai KANO (owned by Tokyo University of the Arts) can be considered as a representative work of them.

• 代表的著作である『和州吉野郡群山記』も、その中のひとつである。
• His representative work, 'Washu Yoshino-gun Gunzan-ki' is one of the outcomes.

• すでに歌川派を代表していた兄弟子、国直の支えもあって腕を磨く。
• His older disciple, Kunisada, who was already a leading painter of the UTAGAWA school, supported Kuniyoshi to improve his skills.

• 2006年のトリノオリンピックでは日本代表の有力候補となった。
• Nobunari became a major candidate for the Japanese national team in Turin Olympic in 2006.

• もとは立役系だったが、現在では女形を代表する名跡とされている。
• It used to be the name of tachiyaku (a leading male-role actor), but it is the representative name of onnagata (a female-role actor) at present.

• 全4巻・全長60メートルに及ぶ「隅田川絵巻」はその代表的作品。
• The 'picture scroll of the Sumida River' is one of his most important works and the total length of the whole four volumes is 60 meters.

• 爾来、広く楽しまれて平安女流日記文学の代表作の一に数えられる。
• People have enjoyed since then, and it is regarded as one of the representative works among literature in diary form written by women in the Heian period.

• 代表的な国一揆として伊賀惣国一揆、加賀一向一揆などが挙げられる。
• Typical cases of a Kuni ikki were the Iga sokoku ikki and the uprising of the IKKO sect followers in Kaga.

• 代表的なものに『武徳大成記』『本朝通鑑』『大日本史』などがある。
• 'Butoku taiseiki,' 'Honchotsugan' and 'Dainihonshi' (great history of Japan) are typically such books.

• 前方後円墳の代表的な古墳は、大阪府堺市の大山（大仙）古墳である。
• A representative of a zenpo-koen (keyhole-shaped tomb) mound is Daisen (大山 also written as 大仙) Kofun in Sakai City, Osaka Prefecture.

• 一方、編年体の代表としては春秋の他に司馬光の『資治通鑑』がある。
• On the other hand, the representative work written in henen-tai other than Chunqiu is Guang SIMA's 'The Zizhi Tongjian' (The Comprehensive Mirror As An Aid to Government).

• 第3条：日本国政府は代表者として韓国皇帝の下に韓国統監府を置く。
• ARTICLE III: The government of Japan shall be represented at the Court of His Majesty the Emperor of Korea by a Resident General.

• ほうれん草、小松菜、白菜、菜の花、春菊などが代表的な材料である。
• Typical ingredients are spinach, brassica rapa (a kind of Chinese cabbage), napa cabbage, rape blossom, or garland chrysanthemum.

• 市の代表駅として、近鉄新田辺駅・JR京田辺駅・松井山手駅がある。
• The city's best known stations are Kintetsu Shintanabe Station, JR Kyoutanabe Station, and Matsui Yamate Station.

• 反・篤胤派の代表は、京都の城戸千楯や大坂の村田春門が挙げられる。
• Chitate KIDO in Kyoto and Harukado MURATA in Osaka are named for representatives of anti-Atsutane group.

• 足利義教・足利義政時代を代表する名優・音阿弥の直系の曾孫である。
• He was a lineal great-grandchild of Onami, who was one of the distinguished actors during the periods of Yoshinori ASHIKAGA and Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA.

• のち東京宝映プロの代表に就任、タレントの指導や演劇活動を行った。
• Thereafter, he began working as a representative of Tokyo Hoei Productions, providing guidance to the company's stars and running them through on-stage acting exercises.

• 和歌の西行、俳句の松尾芭蕉とともに連歌を代表する漂泊の人である。
• He is another wandering poet, representative of renga poetry like Saigyo for waka and Basho MATSUO for haiku.

• この時期の日本での代表的論考は井上秀雄『任那日本府と倭』である。
• The argument and consideration in Japan at the time were led by 'Mimana Nihon-fu to Wa' (Japanese Mimana Government and Japan) by Hideo INOUE.

• 『雑筆往来』に代表される書簡に用いられる語句・単文を列挙したもの。
• The third group is composed of volumes with a list of phrases and simple sentences for letters, with 'Zohitsu Orai' being a typical example.

• 代表的な歌人：大伴旅人・大伴家持・山上憶良『貧窮問答歌』・山部赤人
• Main poets: OTOMO no Tabito, OTOMO no Yakamochi, YAMANOUE no Okura (famous for his poems 'Bingu-mondoka'), and YAMABE no Akahito

• 単純ながらも黄金比を数多く含む五芒星は美しい図形の代表格とされた。
• The Gobosei containing a number of golden ratios, in spite of its simplicity, was considered to be representative of beautiful figures.

• ドイツの公法ゲオルグ・イェリネックに代表される国家法人説に基づく。
• Its basis is on the state authority theory mainly suggested by Georg Jellinek, a German public lawyer.

• 北朝に代表される皇位継承は逆に、正統なものでないとすることもある。
• By contrast, some of the succession to the Imperial Throne held by the Northern Court were not always legitimate.

• その武力により武家棟梁と称せられ、世上広く武家源氏を代表していた。
• By its military might it was called the leader samurai family, and it represented the samurai Genji families and was known widely throughout the country.

• 代表作は「東京名所絵」（正式な名はない「東京真画名所図解」とも）。
• His representative work was 'Tokyo Meishoe' (Tokyo landscapes) (which does not have a formal name and is also called 'Tokyo shinga meisho zukai').

• 同年開拓社より、代表作となる日本通史『二千五百年史』が刊行された。
• In the same year, his representative work, 'Nisen Gohaykunen-shi' (The history of two thousand and five hundred years), an overview of Japanese history, was published from Kaitaku-sha.

• 後代、平安時代の代表的な武人として伝説化され多くの説話が残された。
• Many legendary stories in which he was a typical warrior lived in the Heian period have been handed down.

• 現代を代表するシテ方の一人として知られ、数多くの賞を受賞している。
• He is known as one of the leading shite-kata (actor playing shite) of today and has received a number of awards.

• この一連の逸話を謡ったものが宮崎県の代表的民謡「ひえつき節」である。
• The song which was created based on the above anecdote is 'Hietsukibushi,' the most famous folk song in Miyazaki Prefecture.

• 平安時代の装飾経の代表作で、当時の工芸を現代に伝える一級史料である。
• They are typical works of decorated Buddhist scriptures in the Heian period, best-class historical materials communicating features of artifacts of the times to the present day.

• 埼玉県鳩山町及びその周辺に分布する南比企窯跡群は、その代表例である。
• Minamihiki ruins of kilns that are distributed around Hatoyama-machi of Saitama Prefecture represent those kilns.

• それでも貴族院を代表する勢力として歴代内閣の多くに閣僚を送り込んだ。
• Still, they sent their members into many successive cabinets as a representative force in the House of Peers.

• この当時の金春流を代表する人物として、もう一人下間仲孝が挙げられる。
• The other leading performer of the Konparu school at that time that can be mentioned was Nakataka SHIMOTSUMA.

• 現在では、皇室の古くからの伝統行事である宮中歌会始（後述）が代表的。
• Now it mainly refers to Utakai Hajime in the Imperial Court, which is an age-old traditional event of the Imperial Family (mentioned later).

• ただし、桜については日本を代表する花として通年使用できる場合もある。
• However, some people allow cherry blossom patterns to be used all year round as cherry blossoms are thought to be the symbol of Japan.

• 梅若六郎による新作能の中でも代表的なものの一つであり、再演数も多い。
• This work is one of the representative works of Shinsaku-Noh works written by Rokuro UMEWAKA and has been played for many times.

• 代表的なものとして「冷やしたぬき」「冷やしきつね」などが挙げられる。
• Hiyashi Tanuki' (cold noodles with bits of tempura batter) and 'Hiyashi Kitsune' (cold noodles with fried tofu) typify Hiyashi-Udon.

• 魚崎地方を中心に発展し、江戸時代には上方の代表産地として名を馳せた。
• Developed around the Uozaki district, Nada gained a reputation as a leading production area in Kamigata during the Edo period.

• 江戸時代初期、遊廓は代表的な娯楽の場であり、文化の発信地でもあった。
• In the early Edo period, Yukaku was a place of transmission of culture as well as the representative place of amusements.

• 聖武天皇の治世の初期は皇親勢力を代表する長屋王が政権を担当していた。
• In the beginning of the reign of the Emperor Shomu, Nagayao, representing pro-imperial force, came to power.

• 北近畿を代表する港町であり、行政・経済面において中心的な立場を担う。
• A major port town in Kita-kinki, Maizuru plays a central role in Kita-kinki's administration and economy.

• 顕隆は白河天皇の信任厚く「夜の関白」と称された院政期を代表する公家。
• Akitaka was trusted by Emperor Shirakawa and a kuge who was called 'yoru no kanpaku' (Chief adviser to the Emperor behind the scene) and representative kuge during the insei period (during the period of the government by the retired Emperor).

• 特に鯨の竜田揚げは、戦後の学校給食を代表するメニューとして語られる。
• In particular, tatsuta age (fish (meat, etc.) flavored with soy sauce and cooking sake, coated with dogtooth violet starch and then deep fried) of whale meat has been famous as a typical menu of the school lunch after the war.

• 明治印壇で保守派の代表的印人となり、菡萏居社にて多くの門弟を育てた。
• He became the most famous conservative engraver of tenkoku in the seal world of the Meiji period, and developed a lot of disciples in Kantankyo-sha School.

• 代表作に名取川硯箱・夕顔台子皆具（浄雪・七代浄益・旦入 合作）など。
• His representative works include Natorigawa writing box and Yugaodaisukaigu (jointly produced by Josetsu, Nanadaijoeki, and Tannyu).

• 父：中村梅之助 (4代目)（存命で現役の歌舞伎役者、劇団前進座代表）
• Father: Umenosuke NAKAMURA (the Fourth) (an active Kabuki actor and the representative of the Zenshinza theater company)

• 京都を代表する観光地の一つ嵐山への大阪・神戸方面からの玄関口である。
• It's the gateway from Osaka and Kobe to Arashiyama, one of the representative tourist spots of Kyoto.

• このようにして、3人は「戦後日活の代表作品」を生み出すこととなった。
• Brought together in this way, it was these three that went on to create Nikkatsu's postwar masterpieces.

• この著は容斎の歴史趣味と尊皇愛国の精神を遺憾なく伝えた代表作である。
• This is representative of Yosai's interest in history and his sprit of reverence for the emperor and patriotism.

• 長俊はその父・観世小次郎信光ともに室町中期を代表する能作者であった。
• Nagatoshi, along with his father Kojiro Nobumitsu KANZE, was a leading Noh writer in the mid Muromachi period.

• 近世日本文学の代表作で、現代でも引用されることが多い（→派生作品）。
• It is a representative work of Japanese literature in the early modern times, and often mentioned even today (See Adaptations).

• そのほか、地域によって町の代表者を町代、検断などと呼ぶこともあった。
• In addition, a representative of a town was called chodai, kendan, or such in some regions.

• また、勝った代表者も火傷などによって不具になる場合も珍しくなかった。
• Even if a representative won, he got maimed due to burn injuries in many cases.

• 『官職秘抄』・『職源鈔』と並んで中世を代表する官職制度の解説書である。
• Along with 'Kanshoku Hisho' and 'Shokugensho,' this book is a typical instruction manual of the court official system during medieval times.

• 瀬戸内方面に於いては、その代表的なものとして次のような水軍が存在した。
• In the region of the Seto Inland Sea there existed famous suigun navies such as the following:

• 守護の家柄で代表的な例を上げると、武田信玄を出した武田氏が著名である。
• A typical example of a Shugo (a constable) linage is the prominent Takeda clan which produced Shingen TAKEDA.

• 代表的なものが京都系の竹尺（享保尺）と大坂系の鉄尺（又四郎尺）である。
• The representative shaku units were take-jaku (bamboo shaku; also known as kyoho-jaku [shaku of Kyoho era]) used in Kyoto region and tetsu-jaku (metal shaku; also known as matashiro-shaku [a carpenter's scale made by a joiner Matashiro]) used in Osaka region.

• 洋服、アウターファッションの代表的なアイテム分類表 (主にレディース)
• Classified list of main items of clothes and outer wear (mainly for ladies)

• 代表的絵師である落合芳幾と月岡芳年は、歌川国芳門下の兄弟弟子であった。
• Hoki OCHIAI and Honen TSUKIOKA who were representative e-shi (painter) were fellow disciples studying under Kuniyoshi UTAGAWA.

• テレビでは『オレたちひょうきん族』・とんねるずなどが楽屋オチの代表格。
• On TV, 'Oretachi Hyokin Zoku' (a comedy program) and Tonneruzu (a Japanese comedian duo) are some typical examples.

• また、「空弁」の代表としてマスコミで取り上げられ全国的に有名となった。
• This Yakisaba-zushi became famous nationwide because it was reported by mass media as a representative of 'soraben' (a box lunch sold at airports).

• 初期の絵師としては菱川師宣が代表的であり、彼の作品の大半が春画である。
• In the early times, the most famous painter was Moronobu HISHIKAWA who mainly painted the shunga.

• 沈香（ぢんこう、正しくは沈水香木（ぢんすいこうぼく））は代表的な香木。
• Jinko (agarwood), formally known as Jinsui Koboku (sinking fragrant wood), is one of the most popular types of koboku (fragrant wood).

• 代表的な例では慶州金氏出身の貞純王后と、安東金氏出身の純元王后がある。
• Prominent examples are Teijun ogo from the Kim clan of Gyeongju district and Jungen ogo from the Kim clan of Andong district.

• 江戸時代の文人画の代表者には、池大雅、与謝蕪村、谷文晁、渡辺崋山など。
• Prominent painters of Bunjinga who lived during the Edo period include IKE no Taiga, Buson YOSA, Buncho TANI, and Kazan WATANABE.

• 清水谷実業、中院通躬らとともに霊元院歌壇における代表的な歌人であった。
• He was one of the best poets in the Emperor Reigen's poetry circle together with Sanenari SHIMIZUDANI and Michimi NAKANOIN.

• 院庁の年預を務めるなど、鳥羽天皇院政期を代表する院近臣として活躍した。
• He was further posted to Nenyo (functionaries who during this time took the responsibility for running the actual affairs of the various central government offices) of In no cho (the Retired Emperor's Office) and played an active role as a typical close aide at the time of In ruling period of Emperor Toba.

• その中には世阿弥の代表作『風姿花伝』、『申楽談儀』などが含まれている。
• Zeami's representative works, such as 'Fushikaden' (The Flowering Spirit) and 'Sarugaku dangi' (Talks about Sarugaku), were among these works.

• 和漢混淆文で書かれた代表的作品であり、平易で流麗な名文として知られる。
• It is a representative work of literature written in the mixed writing style of Japanese and Chinese, which is known for the simple and refined sentences.

• 『明衡往来』に代表される実際に用いられる形式の書簡を無造作に集めたもの。
• The first group of koorai includes books with letters, which are in forms of practical use, collected without any particular purpose, such as 'Meigo Orai.'

• 大半が11世紀から12世紀にかけて刻まれた、日本の代表的な石仏群である。
• Most of them were the famous stone groups of Japan that were carved during the period from the 11th to the 12th century.

• その代表的な支族は北九州の松浦氏であり、松浦氏を惣領とする松浦党である。
• The representative branch family of the Watanabe clan is the Matsuura clan and the Matsuura Party, inherited by the Matsuura clan, located at the northern Kyushu.

• 主家の実権を掌握した庶家の代表例が室町幕府三管領のひとつ、細川氏である。
• The typical example of shoke who grabbed the real authority of the employer's household was the Hosokawa clan, one of the three kanrei (shogunal deputies) of Muromachi bakufu.

• 江戸の町の本来の構成員は家持＝町人であり、名主はその町の代表者であった。
• Edo town was originally composed of only homeowners, that is townspeople, and Nanushi was a representative of a town.

• これらの代表的なものには、西国三十三箇所や四国八十八箇所巡礼などがある。
• Typical examples of this period were the pilgrimage to the 33 Kannon temples in Kansai (Saigoku Sanjusansho) and the pilgrimage to the 88 temples in Shikoku (Shikoku Hachijuhakkasho).

• 代表的な日本料理であり、日常の惣菜から高級料亭の物まで、その範囲は広い。
• It is one of typical Japanese dishes, and is served in a wide range of situations ranging from daily prepared food to those served at high-class restaurants.

• 後世、浄瑠璃、歌舞伎などに展開してゆく義経物（判官物とも）の代表的作品。
• It is a classic of Yoshitsunemono (plays about MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune) which later expanded to joruri (dramatic narrative chanted to a shamisen accompaniment), kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors) and so forth.

• 悪代官の代表的なイメージのひとつが、「お主も悪よのう」という台詞である。
• One of the typical images of Akudaikan is a line, 'You are evil indeed.'

• 藤原忠通主催の歌合ほかで判者をつとめるなど、時代を代表する歌人であった。
• He was a great poet that represented the era and often served as a judge in uta awase (poem contest) including contests held by FUJIWARA no Tadamichi.

• 生前、日展への出品作など代表作の多くを東京国立近代美術館と長野県に寄贈。
• During his lifetime, he donated many of his representative works, including works sent to the Nitten exhibitions, to The National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo and Nagano Prefecture.

• 歌舞伎座の立作者として『南都炎上』、『名工柿右衛門』などの代表作を残す。
• He wrote masterpieces such as 'Nanto Enjo' (Southern Kyoto into flame) and 'Meiko Kakiemon' (Master craftsman Kakiemon), as the principal play writer attached to the Kabuki-za Theater.

• 代表的な茶室に、義弟藪内剣仲に譲った「燕庵」（重要文化財）が挙げられる。
• The tea ceremony room known as 'Ennan', an important cultural property, which he handed over to his brother-in-law Kenchu YABUCHI, is one of the tea ceremony rooms that represents his style.

• 1600年の関ヶ原の戦い後は島津氏の代表として徳川家康と交渉に当たった。
• After the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, he played a role, representing the Shimazu clan, of negotiating with Ieyasu TOKUGAWA.

• 代表的な詩文集に、義堂周信の『空華集』、絶海中津の『蕉堅稿』などがある。
• The representative miscellanies of prose and poetry include 'Kugeshu (Sky Flowers Collection),' by Gido Shushin, 'Shokenko,' by Zekkai Chushin, etc.

• 例えば、張保皐と接触を持っていた筑前守文室宮田麻呂が代表的な例と言える。
• FUNYA no Miyatamaro, Chikuzen no kami (governor of Chikuzen Province), who built up contact with Jang Bogo was a major example of them.

• 商業演劇以外の場でも踊られる機会も多く日本舞踊の代表的な演目となっている。
• The story is frequently played for other than commercial purpose, making it one of the major Japanese classical dance stories.

• これら公家層を代表して、新たな歴史認識を示したのは慈円の『愚管抄』である。
• It was Jien who, representing these court nobles, wrote 'Gukansho' (jottings of a fool) to show a new recognition of history.

• 小説・芝居にも使われ、大阪の伝統芸能である河内音頭の代表的な演目となった。
• The story was adapted for novels and plays, and became a representative song of Kawachi ondo (Kawachi dance), a traditional performing art in Osaka.

• 選者の紀貫之が六歌仙と呼んだ、在原業平や小野小町などが代表的な歌人である。
• Amongst them, ARIWARA no Narihira and ONO no Komachi are especially famous, and KI no Tsurayuki, one of the selectors of 'Kokin Wakashu' (compiled in about 913), gave them a nickname 'Rokkasen.'

• 八つぁん・熊さん等の名で代表される町人や職人が登場するものでは羽織を脱ぐ。
• Thirdly, the haori is taken off in performances where an ordinary merchant or artisan, typically named Hattsuan or Kumasan, appears.

• 1912年松竹に入って書いた『今様薩摩歌』は今でも上演される代表作である。
• He wrote 'Imayo Satsuma Uta,' his best work, in 1912 when he was in Shochiku and it is still preformed.

• 慶応元年（1865年）2月1日、武田耕雲斎らの糾問に見廻組代表として列席。
• On February 26, 1865, he participated as the representative of Mimawarigumi during the inquisition of Kounsai TAKEDA party.

• 色彩に富む人物画や静物画が特徴で、上村松園とともに日本を代表する女流画家。
• Characterized by colorful portraits and still-life paintings, she is a leading Japanese female painter, along with Shoen UEMURA.

• 新しい技法は取り入れず、伝統的な芸風を維持し、昭和を代表する名人となった。
• He did not bring in a new technique and became the leading master in the Showa period by maintaining the traditional style of performance.

• 『源氏物語』は、日本文学の代表的なものとして、多くの言語に翻訳されている。
• 'The Tale of Genji' has been translated into many languages as a representation of Japanese literature.

• ホイートンは アメリカ合衆国国際法学草創期を代表する法律家・外交官である。
• Wheaton was a jurist and diplomat who represents pioneer era of international jurisprudence in the United States of America.

• 自由民権運動の影響下に発生した、いわゆる「激化事件」の代表例ともされてきた。
• It had been assumed to be a representative example of so-called 'aggravated incidents' occurred under the influence of Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right).

• ｢豆」（まめ）： その屋号の次世代の代表格でまだ成人に達していない者に対して
• Prefix '豆' (mame): It is used for underage star actors of the up-coming generation.

• 瓦せんべいなどが代表的なものであり、八ツ橋のように米を材料とするものもある。
• One of the best known of this type is kawara-senbei (senbei shaped like a Japanese traditional roof tile), and there are other types made from rice powder such as Yatsuhashi (a specialty confectionery in Kyoto).

• 有世の陰陽師としての実力は既に安倍氏を代表する水準にまで達していたのである。
• The ability of Ariyo as Onmyoji reached to the level of a person who can be a representative of Abe clan.

• オランダ政府代表として黄浦江改修事業の技師長としての功績によるものとされる。
• The award was given for his achievements on the Huangpu River restoration project as the representative of the Dutch government.

• 明治18年には、ドイツで開催された万国電信会議には、日本政府代表として出席。
• In 1885, he attended the World Telegraph Conference in Germany as a delegate from the Japanese government.

• 現存の代表作の「相州鎌倉七里浜図」はもともと江戸の芝・愛宕山に奉納したもの。
• One of his notable extant works, 'Soshu Kamakura Shichiriga-hama zu' (Mt. Fuji viewed from Kamakura Shichiriga-hama beach), was originally offered to Atagoyama-jinja Shrine of Shiba, Edo.

• 当時を代表する能役者であったとともに、能作者、能楽論の著者としても知られる。
• He was a representative Noh actor in that period and was also famous for writing Noh plays, as well as books of theories of Nohgaku (theories of Noh drama).

• 同時代を代表する明法道の権威であり、令宗（よしむね）朝臣 の姓を授けられた。
• He was an authority of Myobodo (study of Codes) representing the period, and was given a title, Ason (the second highest of the eight hereditary titles) of Yoshimune.

• 「鞍馬天狗」はアラカンの代表作であるが、大映京都ではこの一本に終わっている。
• 'Kurama Tengu Arrived in Yokohama' was representative of Arakan's (Kanjuro ARASHI) work, but he appeared in it only in Daiei Kyoto.

• 曽祖父（祖父とする説もある）は古今和歌集の代表的歌人である清原深養父である。
• Her great-grandfather (or grandfather) was KIYOHARA no Fukayabu, a leading poet in Kokinwakashu (Collection of Ancient and Modern Poetry).

• 中部地方の勝坂式土器、新潟県で出土する馬高式土器などがその代表的なものである。
• The typical examples are Katsusaka-shiki doki (the Katsusaka-type earthen vessel) excavated in the Chubu region, and Umataka-shiki doki (the Umataka-type earthen vessel) excavated in Niigata Prefecture.

• その後張維の影響を強く受けて、朝鮮陽明学の代表ともいえる鄭斉斗（霞谷）が出た。
• Then, Cheng Chatoo (Hagok), who can be said to have been a leading person of Korean Yomeigaku, appeared under the strong influence of Jang Yu.

• しかし、黙阿弥にとっては会心作であり、みずからの代表作と考えていたといわれる。
• However, it was one of the best works for Mokuami, and he regarded this program as the representative work of his.

• 歌舞伎所作事の代表的作品として知られ、お浚い会などでも一二を争う人気曲である。
• It is the most well-known piece of Kabuki shosagoto and is one of the most popular recital works chosen for performance by students of music and dance.

• しかし、この場面はそういった時代にもケレンの代表演目として演じ続けられてきた。
• Even during such a period, this scene had been continuously performed as one of the typical keren performances.

• 代表作は、「北野天神縁起絵巻」、「三十六歌仙図屏風」、「源氏物語図屏風」など。
• His most important works are 'a picture scroll depicting the chronicle of Kitano-tenjin Shrine,' 'Thirty-six immortal poets' scenes on folding screens,' 'Scenes from the Tale of Genji on folding screens,' and so on.

• 9月22日、会津藩降伏後の開城の式では、官軍を代表して城の受け取り役を務めた。
• On September 22, on the ceremony of the evacuation of the castle after the surrender of the Aziza clan, he played a role to receive the castle representing the Imperial army.

• また、松竹座に代表される老舗の映画館が、ようやく、シネコンへの改装を果たした。
• Also Shochiku-za Theater, a typical old movie theater, has been finally rebuilt into a cinema complex.

• 「関西建築界の父」とも言われる日本の建築家で、近代日本を代表する建築家の一人。
• He was an architect called 'the father of the Kansai Architect World,' and represented modern Japanese architects.

• 黎明期から日本映画界を支えた大スターであり、日本映画史を代表する大女優の一人。
• She was a superstar who bolstered the Japanese cinema world from its dawning age as well as one of the greatest actresses represented in the history of Japanese movies.

• 現在まで使用されているものの代表例には以下のような熟語がある（松井1985）。
• Followings are examples of the words which used today (Matsui 1985).

• そのため、当時日本国内を代表する陶器の産地であった両国にはその貢納が求められた。
• As a result, both the Owari Province and Nagato Province as principal production areas of earthenware at the time in Japan, were ordered to make tributes of their products.

• 『十二月往来』に代表される1年12ヶ月の月単位に配列して書簡の文例を示したもの。
• The second group consists of those like 'Junigetsu Orai,' which have an assortment of example sentences for letters arranged according to the 12 months of the year.

• 名物料理として鴨料理や近江牛料理などがあり、特に鴨鍋は雄琴を代表する味覚である。
• As the local specialties there are Duck dishes and Omi beef dishes, and especially kamonabe (鴨鍋) (a hot pot with duck as one of the ingredients) is the one that represents Ogoto.

• 関白・基房の配流に反発する興福寺、法皇と密接なつながりをもつ園城寺が代表である。
• Kofukuji-Temple, which opposed to the exile of Motofusa, Kanpaku, and Onjo-ji Temple which had a close relationship with the cloistered emperor were representatives.

• この期間のヤマト王権（ヤマト政権）を代表するのがワカタケル王（雄略天皇）である。
• The main figure of the Yamato Kingdom (Yamato administration) during this time was King Wakatakeru (Emperor Yuryaku).

• 煎茶道流派としては小川流と並んで最も古い流派であり、「宗匠茶」の代表格とされる。
• As a school of Senchado, it is one of the oldest schools along with the Ogawa-ryu school, and it is considered to be the representative of the 'master in tea ceremony.'

• 日本を代表する絹織物であり『絹のよさは羽二重に始まり羽二重に終わる』といわれる。
• Habutae represents all Japanese silk fabrics, as being said 'the taste of silk fabric begins with habutae and ends with it.'

• 天皇をおおいに喜ばせるとともに、この時代の東京相撲を代表する名勝負に名を残した。
• The Emperor was extremely rejoiced by the match and it became one of the greatest bouts representing Tokyo-zumo in this period.

• また、山路愛山とも親交を結び、民友社を代表する史論家として知られるようになった。
• He became intimate with Aizan YAMAJI, and he came to be known as the history commentator representing Minyu-sha.

• 江戸初期における漢詩の代表的人物で、儒教・書道・茶道・庭園設計にも精通していた。
• Leading poet (Chinese-style) in the early Edo period and practitioner of Confucianism, calligraphy, tea-ceremony and garden design.

• お稲荷さん : 当駅周辺は椿井大塚山古墳に代表される大和朝廷時代の古墳群がある。
• Oinari-san: A cluster of ancient tombs of the era of the Yamato Dynasty represented by the Tsubai-Otsukayama Tomb can be found around this station.

• 平等院などへの観光や、宇治茶の産地として有名なJRにおける宇治市の代表駅である。
• It is a representative JR station in Uji City, a locality famous for tourist attractions such as Byodoin Temple and its position as the production center of Uji Tea.

• 代表作に惺斎好・笹蒔絵硯箱・雛用柳桜茶具（合作）・雛用懐石家具・近江八景棗など。
• Her representative works include Kakusaiko, Sasamakie writing box, Hinayo Ryuo tea utensils (joint work), Hinayo kaiseki furniture, and Omihakkei natsume.

• 代表作に惺斎好・唐崎松中棗・醍醐枝垂桜大棗、即中斎好・四季 誰が袖蒔絵茶器など。
• His representative works include Kakusaiko, Karasakimatsunaka natsume, Daigoedadarezakura onatsume, Sokuchusaiko, Shiki, and Daregasodemakie tea utensils.

• 江戸時代後期の大規模仏堂建築の代表作として、1998年重要文化財に指定されている。
• It was designated an important cultural property as a representative large-scale Buddhist temple in the late Edo period.

• 河原者（かわらもの）は、河原人とも呼ばれ、中世日本の代表的な被差別民の一つである。
• Kawaramono is also referred to as Kawarabito, and they were a type of people which were discriminated against in medieval Japan.

• 町の名主・庄屋は、町役人（ちょうやくにん）のひとつで、町（ちょう）の代表者である。
• Each Shoya and Nanushi of a town was one of the machi-yakunin (municipal officials) and the official representative person of the town.

• このような支配の末端としての機能と村民の代表者としての機能は相反するものでである。
• In practice, such functions of the Shoya or Nanushi as the smallest unit of a controlling organization and as the representation for the village residents were contradictive.

• 諸藩により違いはあるものの、百姓が困っている場合には彼らを代表して施政者に伝えた。
• Although the situation differed according to the domain, when peasants had difficulties, the headmen (nanushi or shoya) reported it to the government on behalf of them.

• 瓢鮎図（ひょうねんず）は、日本の初期水墨画を代表する画僧・如拙作の絵画作品である。
• Hyonenzu is a painting created by Josetsu, a leading painter and priest in the early stage of ink-and-wash paintings in Japan.

• 「語りもの」（浄瑠璃）の代表例としては「義太夫節」「常磐津節」「清元節」等がある。
• Gidayu-bushi (musical narrative of puppet theatre), tokiwazu-bushi (theatrical music), and kiyomoto-bushi (theatrical music) are the examples that represent narration-like performance (joruri).

• 勇ましい演技をする女形を歌舞伎では「女武道」とよび、板額はその代表的な役柄である。
• An actor of female roles who performs bravely is called 'Onna Budo' (a woman of worrier rank, or a woman of warlike spirit, capable of fighting a man) and Hangaku is its representative role.

• 鯨由来物の工業資源としての利用としては鯨油が代表例ではあるが、鯨肉も例外ではない。
• Whale oil is a typical example of the industrial materials made from whales, and whale meat is no exception.

• 代表的著作である『熊野物産初誌』『和州吉野郡群山記』もそうした成果のひとつである。
• His represetative literary works, 'Kumano Busan Shoshi' and 'Washu Yoshinogun Gunzanki' are results of such efforts.

• 富田一色村の惣村地所訴訟に隣村・他村に明治時代・東京の裁判所で勝訴する代表として。
• As a representative, he won the lawsuit of soson (a community consisting of peasants' self-governing association) real estate of Tomita-Issiki village against neighboring villages at a court of Tokyo in the Meiji period.

• しかし上述のように土佐閥の代表という事で軍人コースには入らずに政治の道へと進んだ。
• However, Itagaki gave up the course of a military man and instead chose to be a politician as a representative of Tosa Domain clique, as mentioned above.

• 数ある忍法帖シリーズをものした山田風太郎の最初の「忍法帖」作品で、代表作のひとつ。
• It was the first and one of the most popular Ninpo-cho series written by Futaro YAMADA.

• 『富士野往来』に代表される書簡のみならず公文書などの他の文書の文例を織り交ぜたもの。
• The fifth group, which has 'Fujino Orai' as an example, includes titles with sentences not only from letters but also from other documents such as official papers.

• 代表的な訓点資料として『大慈恩寺三蔵法師伝』（興福寺本重要文化財、ほか）などがある。
• 'Daijionji Sanzo Hoshi Den' (Book of Kofuku-ji Temple, an important cultural property, etc.) is a representative reference for kunten.

• また、西陣織・京焼に代表される工芸品の生産地として商工業に大きな影響力を与えていた。
• It was also the production center for fine crafts, represented by Nishijin textile and Kyo-yaki ceramics, giving great influence in commercial and industrial activities in Japan.

• 中井敬所は四世浜村蔵六や益田遇所に師事し、高い学識を身につけてこの派の代表といえる。
• Keisho NAKAI, who gained a high level of knowledge from Zoroku HAMAMURA IV and Gusho MASUDA, was the one most representative of this school.

• 代表的な折り紙には、鶴（折鶴、連鶴）、風船、紙飛行機、手裏剣、兜、奴さんなどがある。
• Typical origami models include cranes (folded paper crane or connected cranes), balloons, paper airplanes, shuriken, kabuto (a samurai war helmet) and yakkosan (a samurai's attendant).

• 春先に咲く代表的な花であるサクラと梅のふたつを対比しつつ、栽培上の注意を示したもの。
• This expresses precautions about cultivation by comparing the Japanese plum and cherry blossom, which are both representative flowers of early Spring.

• 代表的なものは主に現在の祝祭日（春分の日の春季皇霊祭など）にあたる日に行われている。
• Important rituals are conducted on current national holidays (e.g. the Spring Commemoration for the Imperial Spirits on the Spring Equinox Day).

• 今日では片岡仁左衛門 (15代目)と坂東玉三郎 (5代目)などが代表的な取り合わせ。
• At present, the pair is Nizaemon KATAOKA (the fifteenth) and Tamasaburo BANDO (the fifth).

• 幼少の千葉氏宗家当主千葉頼胤を補佐する一方で、対外的には一族の代表者として行動した。
• While he assisted Yoritane CHIBA, the infant head of the head family of the Chiba clan, he externally acted as a representative of the family.

• 代表的な伝記として、児島襄著『大山巌』全４巻（文藝春秋のち文春文庫）があるが品切れ。
• The four volumes of 'Iwao OYAMA' written by Noboru KOJIMA (published by Bungeishunju Ltd., later Bunshun Bunko) is a representative biography, but now is out of stock.

• 天明後期には勝川派を代表する座を弟子の春好と春英に譲り、春章は肉筆画に専念していく。
• At the end of the Tenmei era, he handed over the leadership position of the school to his apprentices, Shunko and Shunei, and he started to focus on brush paintings.

• 牧野 アンナ（まきの アンナ、1971年12月4日 -）は、LOVE JUNX代表。
• Anna MAKINO (December 4, 1971 -) is the representative of LOVE JUNX.

• 著書『割算書』(通称)は、『算用記』と共に江戸時代初期を代表する貴重な和算書である。
• His book 'Warizan sho' (The Book of Division) (popular name) was the most valuable Wasansho in the early Edo period with 'Sanyo-ki' (the Calculation Manual).

• 沖縄歌謡などに枕詞の源流を求める古橋信孝の研究などはその代表的なものであるといえる。
• It can be said that Nobuyoshi FURUHASHI's study in which the origin of makurakotoba is sought in Okinawan songs is the typical one.

• 百姓一揆の闘争形態の分類として、代表越訴、惣百姓一揆、村方騒動、国訴などがあげられる。
• The form of struggle represented by hyakusho ikki can be classified into daihyo osso (illegal direct petition made by a representative of the village), so hyakusho ikki (political appeal made by all the peasants in a village under the control of officials), murakata sodo (infighting that develops into accusation), kokuso (or kuniso; a legal petition made by peasants tied up across the border of the province), etc.

• この時代を代表する遺物は、時代の名称にもなっている古墳、そのなかでも前方後円墳である。
• The typical relic of this period is 'kofun' (mounded tomb) - the period's name also comes from this - particularly 'zenpo-koen-fun' (keyhole-shaped mounded tomb).

• 大倭は、日本列島を代表する政治勢力の名称であると同時に、奈良地方を表す名称でもあった。
• 大倭 was the name of the political force that represented the Japanese Islands; at the same time it was also the name of the Nara region.

• そのため、島津家の代表的家臣と認められ、戦後処分でも秀吉から直接肝属郡一郡を拝領した。
• Therefore, he was recognized as the major vassal of the Shimazu family, and received one county directly from Hideyoshi as part of the post-war treatment.

• また舞踊でも同世代の中で抜きんでた名手で『土蜘』『茨木』『関の扉』など代表作は数多い。
• Moreover, in dancing he was a virtuoso unrivalled in his generation, and gave many outstanding performances including in 'Tsuchigumo,' 'Ibaragi' and 'Sekinoto.'

• 本阿弥光悦作の船橋硯箱は単独の作で、甲盛り被せ蓋、蒔絵描金の豪奢な代表であるとされる。
• Funabashi suzuribako produced by Koetsu HONAMI, which was produced independently, is the most luxurious one that has komori kabusebuta (overlapping lid whose central part is raised) and makie-byokin decoration.

• この時代とともに生きた人物であり「大正ロマン」を代表する名として、しばしば掲げられる。
• He was a person who lived within period and was often quoted as being a representative of the 'Taisho Roman.'

• 童蒙酒造記（どうもうしゅぞうき）とは、江戸時代初期に書かれた日本で代表的な醸造技術書。
• Domoshuzoki is a representative technical book on sake brewing in Japan, which was written in the early Edo period.

• お庄は「封印切」のおえんとともに歌舞伎の代表的な花街の女将（花車方という役柄）である。
• Osho is a representative female master of Hanamachi (geisha district in Kyoto) (role called kashagata (old female roles)) in Kabuki as well as Oen of 'Fuinkiri.'

• 臨済宗妙心寺には永岳の作品が多く残り、とりわけ隣華院客殿障壁画は永岳の代表作といえる。
• Many Eigaku's works are housed in Rinzai Sect Myoshin-ji Temple, among which works the wall painting of the reception hall in Rinka-in Temple is considered to be his masterpiece.

• 忠房が作曲し敦実親王が振付を施した胡蝶や延喜楽は、高麗楽の代表的な作品として知られる。
• Kocho (Butterflies) and Engiraku for which Tadafusa composed the music and which Imperial Prince Atsumi choreographed were famous as representative works of Komagaku (Korean Music).

• 長次郎（ちょうじろう、?-天正17年（1589年））は、安土桃山時代を代表する陶芸家。
• Chojiro (unknown-1589) was a leading ceramist during the Azuchi-Momoyama period.

• これにより、奥州で伊達氏と並び称される奥州を代表する有力大名にまでのし上がったのである。
• Then, the family rose to a status rivaling that of an influential feudal lord representing Oshu (Northern Honshu, the region encompassing Mutsu and Dewa provinces) who was almost as powerful as the Date clan.

• （ワタナベエンターテインメント所属の歌手に代表される）洋楽指向の歌謡曲と人気を二分した。
• The popularity was split between enka and western music-oriented kayo kyoku (typically sung by singers in Watanabe Entertainment Co., Ltd.).

• 特に京料理では祇園祭に食べる風習があり（下記）、夏の味覚の代表的なものとして珍重される。
• In Kyoto it is eaten especially during the Gion Festival (as mentioned below), and it is prized as being a typical summer dish.

• 以後『勧進帳』の三役は歴代の看板役者が生涯に一度は演じる歌舞伎の代表作のひとつとなった。
• Since that time, the three roles of 'Kanjincho' have been some of the major roles which are to be performed by marquee players once in their lifetimes.

• 吉良氏（きら）は日本における武士の名家の一つであり、代表的なものに下の三つの流れがある。
• The Kira clan is one of the most prestigious samurai families in Japan; listed below are this family's three notable lines of descent.

• 丸髷（まるまげ）とは、江戸時代から明治時代を通じて最も代表的な既婚女性の髪形(日本髪)。
• Marumage is the most representative hairstyle (Japanese coiffure) for married women from the Edo period to the Meiji period.

• 女房名は、本人の父または兄弟、夫など、帰属する家を代表する人物の官職名を用いることが多い。
• Nyobona is usually created from the title or rank of the household head, such as her father, brother, or husband.

• 例えば村議会などは、単なる大字ごとの代表者・大字住民の代弁者の集会という色合いが濃かった。
• For instance, the village council seemed to be a meeting of representative people in each oaza (an administrative unit) and spokespeople of residents in oaza.

• 即ち、鶴岡八幡宮から由比ガ浜に向かう都市計画上の中心線としての若宮大路がその代表といえる。
• In other words, a typical example of city planning is the Wakamiya-oji Street extending from Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gu Shrine to Yuigahama as the central line of the city.

• 文化面では、ばさらに代表されるように、身分秩序を軽視し華美な振る舞いに走る傾向が見られた。
• In culture, there was the tendency to behave extravagantly, thinking little of social classes or social order, as typically seen in 'Basara.'

• 「日本映画の父」とよばれた牧野省三をはじめ、日本映画黎明期を代表する映画人を多く輩出した。
• The company produced a lot of movie people who represent the earliest days of Japanese film, including Shozo MAKINO who was called the 'father of Japanese film.'

• そのなかでも代表的な江戸前寿司は、すでに“sushi”で通じるほど世界中に認知されている。
• Edomae-zushi (hand-rolled sushi), representative sushi among them, is already recognized all over the world to such an extent that the term 'sushi' is used as it is.

• 清水谷実業は、歌道で有名な三条西家より養子に入り、霊元天皇歌壇の代表的歌人として知られる。
• Sanenari SHIMIZUDANI was adopted from the Sanjonishi family famous for waka poetry and was known as a representative kajin (waka poet) in Emperor Reigen's waka circle.

• また雅楽団体「東京楽所」(1977年結成)の代表として廃絶曲や現代曲の演奏にも力を注いだ。
• In addition, he focused on performances of abolished pieces and modern ones as the representative of 'the Tokyo Gakuso' (Chamber of Music), a Gagaku group (organized in 1977).

• まもなく、オランダ政府代表として、中国の上海市の黄浦江の改修事業の技師長として現地に赴く。
• Soon after he was appointed as a representative of the Dutch government to serve as chief engineer for restoration operations on the Huangpu River in the city of Shanghai.

• 頼定は『枕草子』では「宮の中将」「源中将」と呼ばれ、「かたちよき公達」の代表に挙げられる。
• Yorisada was called 'Miya no chujo' and 'Minamoto no chujo' in 'Makura no soshi (The Pillow Book),' and was presented as the representative of the 'handsome nobles.'

• 代表作としては、世界的に有名な肉筆浮世絵である『見返り美人図』（右上の画像）が挙げられる。
• His masterpiece is 'Mikaeri Bijin-zu' (A Beauty Looking over Her Shoulder) (see the top right image) which is an internationally acclaimed original ukiyo-e drawing.

• 式子内親王・藤原俊成女と並んで新古今集を代表する女流歌人であり、後代に与えた影響も大きい。
• Together with Imperial Princess Shikishi and a daughter of FUJIWARA no Toshinari, she was a female poet who represented Shin Kokinshu, leaving a great influence on posterity.

• 頼朝死後、2代将軍源頼家の独裁ぶりに不安を抱いた御家人の代表による十三人の合議制にも参加。
• After the death of Yoritomo, he participated in the council of 13 representatives of lower-ranking vassals, who were created out of concern of the autocratic nature of the second shogun MINAMOTO no Yoriie.

• 当時を代表する名人であり、猿楽から出て能を大成した観阿弥・世阿弥父子に大きな影響を与えた。
• He was an expert in the field concerned and had considerable effect on Kanami and Zeami, the father and son who started with surrogacy (a form of theatre popular in Japan during the 11th to 14th centuries) and established Noh.

• 『朝野群載』（28巻）や『懐中歴』（10巻）・『掌中歴』（4巻）などが代表的なものである。
• His representative works were such as 'Choya gunsai' (28 volumes), 'Kaichu-reki' (10 volumes), and 'Shochu-reki' (four volumes).

• 1939年に代表作とされる『兄とその妹』を撮った後、東宝に移り、『白鷺』などの大作を残す。
• After shooting what is said to be his representative work 'Ani to Sono Imoto' (A Brother And His Younger Sister) in 1939, he moved to Toho and directed major works such as 'Shirasagi' (Snowy Heron).

• 代表的な王朝物語である『源氏物語』のほか『宇津保物語』、『浜松中納言物語』などに見られる。
• The representative Heian literature, 'The Tale of Genji,' contains such chapters as well as 'Utsuho monogatari' (The Tale of the Hollow Tree), 'Hamamatsu Chunagon Monogatari' (The Tale of Hamamatsu Chunagon [vice-councilor of state]), and so on.

• 日本の古典における紀行作品の代表的存在であり、松尾芭蕉の著書の中でも最も有名な作品である。
• It is the leading travelogue among Japanese classics and was also the best known work among the books written by Basho MATSUO.

• このような蘭癖大名の典型例として知られる代表的な人物として、薩摩藩主島津重豪が挙げられる。
• Representative individuals known as typical examples of the ranpeki daimyo include the lord of the Satsuma clan, Shigehide SHIMAZU.

• 主に江戸時代、村落共同体の代表として年貢の重圧による生活の困窮を領主、幕府に直訴した人物。
• Gimin is a person who directly appealed poverty due to heavy pressure of nengu (annual tribute, land tax) to a feudal lord or the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) as a representative for village communities mainly in Edo period.

• 在庁官人は元々、現地の有力者であり、中央の国司に対する地域の利益代表としての顔も持っていた。
• Zaichokanjin were originally the leaders in the local region and were also the representing the interests of the region against the kokushi sent from the central government.

• 京都市街の西に位置し、平安時代に貴族の別荘地となって以来、京都の代表的な観光地となっている。
• Arashiyama, located in the west of urban area of Kyoto City, has represented sightseeing areas in Kyoto ever since noble families used this place as a resort area in the Heian period.

• これ以降、7世紀最末期までの間、倭・倭人を代表する/統合する政治勢力は「倭国」を称し続けた。
• From around that time till the very end of the seventh century, the political powers representing and consolidating Wa or Wajin continued to call themselves 'Wakoku.'

• 冨嶽三十六景（ふがくさんじゅうろっけい）は、葛飾北斎の作成した代表的な風景画・浮世絵である。
• Thirty-six Views of Mt. Fuji is a notable example of a landscape painting or Ukiyoe (Japanese woodblock prints) created by Hokusai KATSUSHIKA.

• くじ引きの結果、選ばれた者は、「講」の代表として伊勢へ旅立つ、旅の期間は農閑期が利用される。
• The person chosen by lot made a journey to Ise on behalf of other 'ko' members, taking advantage of the agricultural off-season.

• なお、この台詞につづく悪徳商人の台詞は、「いえいえ、お代官様ほどでは...」が代表的である。
• In addition, the typical line of the corrupt merchant following this line is 'No, I'm not a match for you, sir.'

• 桶狭間の戦いに代表されるような敵の意表をつき寡兵で大軍を破ろうとする策はあまり取らなかった。
• He did not often use such tactics to attack suddenly and defeat a large army with just a few soldiers as in the battle of Okehazama.

• つまり古河公方という権威に対しても北条氏を代表して署名できる立場にあった、ということである。
• This fact shows that he was in a position to sign his name as a representative of the Hojo clan in face of an authoritative figure like Kogakubo.

• 正親町天皇の勅使として、または公家代表として、織田信長と接渉し難しい時代の朝廷運営を支えた。
• He supported the operation of the imperial court as an Imperial envoy from Emperor Ogimachi, and as a representative of court nobles in the period when it was hard for them to negotiate with Nobunaga ODA.

• 『秋夜長物語（あきのよながものがたり）』は、僧侶と稚児との男色を主題とする稚児物語の代表作。
• 'Aki no Yonaga Monogatari' is a representative chigo monogatari (tales of chigo, or page), about male homosexuality between priests and chigo.

• 頼朝は、関東武士団を統率するための侍所を置き、関東武士団の代表＝鎌倉殿と称されるようになった。
• Yoritomo established the Samurai-dokoro in order to lead Kanto Samurai Groups and he came to be called the Kanto Samurai Group Representative = Kamakura-dono.

• その代表的なものは織田信長が命じ、九鬼嘉隆が建造した鉄甲船（鉄板で装甲した巨大安宅船）である。
• The most typical example of a battle ship was the huge tekkosen (huge Atake-bune equipped with iron plates) that Yoshitaka KUKI built on the orders of Nobunaga ODA.

• 神前で奉納する能楽（御神能）としては、厳島神社の桃花祭御神能と並んで日本を代表するものである。
• It is a leading Goshin Noh (Nogaku play dedicated to before the gods) along with Tokasai (a festival of offering peach blossoms to the enshrined deity) Goshin Noh of Itsukushima-jinja Shrine.

• 高野山の塔頭・持明院にある「お市の方肖像画」に書かれている物がこの時代の代表的な腰巻姿である。
• What has been drawn in the 'Portrait of Lady Oichi' which is kept in Jimyo-in Temple, a tatchu (sub-temple in the site of main temple) of Koya-san, is a typical koshimaki in this period.

• 以上代表的なブランド的な味噌をあげたが、全国各地で味噌は作られているということを付記しておく。
• Although only some representative and famous kinds of miso are listed above, miso are produced all over the country.

• 後代、仲光は平安時代の代表的武人として伝説化され説話が残された（詳細は『美女丸伝説』を参照）。
• Later, Nakamitsu was legendized as a leading warrior in Heian period and the narrative thereof has left (For further details, refer to 'The legend of Bijomaru').

• 能の代表的な演目である「清経」は、後世清経入水のエピソードを元に世阿弥が書き上げたものである。
• A representative Noh program 'Kiyotsune' was written by Zeami in later years based on the episode of Kiyotsune's suicide by drowning.

• 俵屋宗達と並ぶ江戸初期を代表する大和絵絵師だが、様々な流派の絵を吸収し独自の様式を作り上げた。
• He was one of Yamato-e (traditional Japanese painting) painters representing the early Edo period, equaling Sotatsu TAWARAYA, but he created his own unique style of painting by absorbing various schools' ways.

• 次男は今村プロダクション代表取締役の今村竑介（いまむら ひろすけ、1963年3月22日 -）。
• His second son is Hirosuke IMAMURA (March 22, 1963 -); he is the managing director of IMAMURA Production.

• 代表作に『狂った果実』、『月曜日のユカ』、『街燈』、『紅の翼』、『殺したのは誰だ』などがある。
• His major works were 'Kurutta Kajitsu' (Crazed Fruits), 'Getsuyobi no Yuka' (Monday Girl), 'Gaito' (Streetlight), 'Kurenai no tsubasa' (Crimson Wings) and 'Koroshita no wa dareda' (Who Committed Murder?).

• 花園院のほか、後伏見天皇・光厳院・徽安門院ら後期京極派の代表歌人も30首以上の入集を果たした。
• More than 30 poems composed by representative poets of the later Kyogoku group such as Emperor Gofushimi, Kogonin, and Kianmonin were selected, as well as Hanazonoin's.

• 慈愛に満ちた明るい涅槃図であり、平安仏画の代表作と称されるほどの素晴らしい出来映えを示している。
• It is a Nehan-zu (Nirvana painting) filled with merciful love and hopes, and it is so great that it is referred to as the painting that represents the Heian Buddhist paintings.

• 「嘉辰」は朗詠の代表的な楽曲で、「嘉辰」以外は歌詞を訓読するが、「嘉辰」のみはすべて音読された。
• The songs 'Kashin' (lucky day) are representative of Roei; songs other than 'Kashin' were read in kundoku (reading Chinese texts as Japanese texts), while 'Kashin' was read in ondoku (Chinese reading of kanji).

• 伊勢商人として、最も代表的な存在は江戸に呉服店越後屋を出店し三井家の基礎を作った三井高利である。
• The most representative person among the Ise shonin was Takatoshi MITSUI, who opened the kimono shop (draper) Echigoya in Edo and laid the foundation of the Mitsui Family.

• また西洋人の目からみて、その当時の代表的な学校は、他に高野山、比叡山などがそれに並べられていた。
• Mt. Koya-san and Mt. Hiei-zan were thought as other representative schools by Western people in those days.

• 日本列島の旧石器時代に用いられた石材の代表的なものは、黒曜石、頁岩、サヌカイトなどがあげられる。
• Typical stone materials used in Japan in the Paleolithic Period were obsidian, shale, Sanukite (Sanuki-gan stone) and others.

• 伴造には、秦氏（はた）、東漢氏（やまとのあや）、西文氏（かわちのあや）など代表的な渡来人がある。
• Among Tomonomiyatsuko are toraijin (people from overseas, especially from China and Korea, who settled in early Japan and introduced Continental culture to the Japanese) like Hata clan, Yamatonoaya clan, and Kawachinoaya clan.

• （現代表記）官武一途庶民にいたるまで、おのおのその志を遂げ、人心をして倦まざらしめんことを要す。
• (modern written Japanese) 官武一途庶民にいたるまで、おのおのその志を遂げ、人心をして倦まざらしめんことを要す。(The common people, no less than the civil and military officials, shall all be allowed to pursue their own calling so that there may be no discontent.)

• 徴兵令を推進する山縣とこれに反発する桐野を代表する薩摩系を中心とした保守的な軍人の対立があった。
• There was a conflict between YAMAGATA who was promoting Conscription Ordinance and opposing military men from Satsuma represented by KIRINO.

• このとき争議委員長は代表取締役に殴られるが、マキノ関東の坂間好之助の仲裁で製作再開のめどが立つ。
• Although there was an incident in which the leader of strikers was slapped by the representative director, the dispute was settled thanks to the mediation by Konosuke SAKAMA of Makino Kanto.

• その代表作は『久能寺経』と『平家納経』で、『久能寺経』中の「譬喩品第三」の筆者は藤原定信である。
• 'Kunoji-kyo' (sutras at Kunon-ji Temple) and 'Heike-nokyo' (sutras dedicated by the Taira family) are such typical copies, and part of the Hiyuhon Daisan (the third chapter of the Lotus Sutra) of 'Kunoji-kyo' was written by FUJIWARA no Sadanobu.

• 江戸時代に『玩貨名物記』に代表される名物記が版本で刊行されており、その価値観が大衆へと普及した。
• During the Edo period, many meibutsuki such as 'Ganka meibutsuki' (Record of Named Objects for Appreciation) were published and their senses of values became widespread among the general public.

• 10代、20代の若者の中には代表的なヒット曲や、歌手の存在自体をも認知していない者も少なくない。
• Many young people in their teens and 20s do not even know major hit songs and singers exist.

• 持統天皇10年（696年）高市皇子薨去に伴い天武天皇諸皇子中最年長となり皇族の代表的存在となる。
• As the Prince Takechi passed away in 696, the Prince Osakabe became the oldest prince among the princes of the Emperor Tenmu, and became a representative figure in the Imperial Family.

• 皇別氏族の中には地方で武士の棟梁として活躍するものもおり、桓武平氏と清和源氏はその代表例である。
• Some families which were derived from the Imperial family flourished as Toryo (leader) of samurai (warriors) in the provinces, and famous examples are Kanmu-Heishi (TAIRA clan) and Seiwa-Genji (Minamoto clan).

• 特に鶴屋南北 (4代目)の『浮世柄比翼稲妻』（稲妻草紙）の「御存鈴ヶ森」の場はその代表作である。
• Especially, the scene, 'gozonji suzugamori' of 'Ukiyozukahiyokunoinazuma' (inazuma soshi) written by Nanboku TSURUYA (the fourth) is the most important work.

• 株式会社レナウンがその代表で、セロファンの包装紙に毛筆字体で大きく「褌」と記載して販売している。
• Renown Incorporated can be the most notable example, and that sells Ecchu fundoshi wrapped by a cellophane film, on which a large kanji character '褌' (fundoshi) is written in a writing brush font.

• 明治末期には文楽座が唯一の人形浄瑠璃専門の劇場となったことから、人形浄瑠璃の代表的存在となった。
• As Bunraku-za became the only theater specialized in ningyo joruri at the end of the Meiji period, it represented ningyo joruri.

• この時代は文人画で優れた業績を遺した沈周・文徴明・唐寅・徐渭などが代表的な文人として挙げられる。
• ZHOU Shen, WEN Zheng Ming, To in and JO I who left excellent achievements in literati paintings are the typical Bunjin of this period.

• 因みに昭和6年、荃廬61歳のとき書道人の団体の代表となって渡航したが、これが最期の渡航となった。
• He made the last visit to China with the representative of calligraphers' association in 1931 when Senro was 61.

• 猿楽などに従事した芸能の民にも河勝の裔を名乗る者は多く、代表的なものとしては金春流が挙げられる。
• Many performers of theater such as sarugaku (comical mimicry and speech performance) claimed to be descendants of Kawakatsu, and Konparu-ryu school of No play is considered as a representative example.

• 明治39年の『南都炎上』や、に片岡仁左衛門 (11代目)のために書いた『名工柿右衛門』が代表作。
• Among them, 'Nanto Enjo'written in 1909 and 'Meiko Kakiemon'written in 1912 especially for Nizaemon KATAOKA (the 11th) are his masterpieces.

• 肉筆画の代表作としては、肉筆美人画「雪月花図」（三幅対、重要文化財指定、MOA美術館蔵）がある。
• One of his most famous brush paintings is a bijinga 'Setsugekkazu' (Paintings of Snow, the Moon, and flowers) (3-panel work, designated important cultural property, and owned by the MOA Museum of Art).

• 化政文化期の代表的な詩人として全国的にも知られ、山陽道を往来する文人の多くは廉塾を訪ねたという。
• It is said that his name was known nationwide as one of the Japanese poets representing the Kasei culture, and many literati traveling on Sanyo-do Road dropped in Renjuku.

• 代表作に『沓掛時次郎 遊侠一匹』、『明治侠客伝 三代目襲名』、『緋牡丹博徒』シリーズなどがある。
• His major works include 'Kutsukake Tokijiro yukyo ippiki' (Tokijiro KUTSUKAGE: Man of Honor), 'Meiji kyokakuden sandaime shumei' (The Story of a Meiji Knight, the Third Generation), and the 'Hibotanbakuto' (The Scarlet Peony Gambler) series.

• 古今伝授の代表的な継承者としては東常縁・飯尾宗祇・三条西実枝・細川藤孝・智仁親王らが挙げられる。
• Prominent successors of Kokin denju include Tsuneyori TO, Sogi IIO, Saneki SANJONISHI, Fujitaka HOSOKAWA, and Imperial Prince Toshihito.

• 代表格である昆陽布施屋（こやのふせや）は天平3（731）年に摂津国川辺郡 (兵庫県)に開設された。
• Most notable among them was Koya no Fuseya that was established at Kawabe-gun in Settsu Province (Hyogo Prefecture) in 731.

• 例えば井上哲次郎に代表される国家主義者たちは武士道を日本民族の道徳、国民道徳と同一視しようとした。
• For example, nationalists as typified by Tetsujido INOUE tried to identify Bushido as the national morality of Japanese.

• 強制調印については、当時から、国家に対する威圧と国家を代表する個人への強制に分けて考えられていた。
• Since those days, the compulsory signing had been thought separately divided into a threat against a state and compulsion against an individual who represents the state.

• これらのことから、この時期に倭・倭人を代表する倭国と呼ばれる政治勢力が形成されたと考えられている。
• In view of these records, it is considered that a political group called Wakoku representing Wa or Wajin were formed at that time.

• FUJI ROCK FESTIVALに代表されるような他の大型音楽フェスティバルとは大きく異なる。
• It differs widely from other big music festivals such as the FUJI ROCK FESTIVAL.

• 現在は握り寿司が代表的であるが、弁当などでは押し寿司、ちらし寿司、巻き寿司、稲荷寿司が主流である。
• Nigiri-zushi (sushi shaped by hand) is representative at present, but major kinds of sushi used for bento (lunch box) are Oshi-zushi (lightly-pressed piece of sushi topped with cooked ingredients), Chirashi-zushi vinegared rice with thin strips of egg, pieces of raw fish, vegetables and crab meat arranged on top), Maki-zushi (sushi roll) and Inari-zushi (fried tofu stuffed with vinegared rice).

• 舞鶴市では京都弁とも福井弁とも違う独特の方言で「ちゃった」に代表される舞鶴弁（ちゃった弁）がある。
• In Maizuru City, the Maizuru-ben dialect (Chatta-ben dialect) is represented by the postfix, 'chatta' which is unique to the dialect and quite different from the Kyoto-ben dialect or even the Fukui-ben dialect.

• 山陽は京都に在って営々と著述を続け、文政9年（1826年）には彼の代表作となる『日本外史』が完成。
• Sanyo, who lived in Kyoto and continued his writing, completed his representative work 'Nihon Gaishi' in 1826.

• 観応2年（1351年）のいわゆる「観応の擾乱正平一統」においては北朝側の代表として交渉をまとめた。
• At the time of 'Shohei itto (temporal unification of the Northern and Southern Courts) of the Kano Disturbance' in 1351, he finalized negotiations as a representative of the Northern Court.

• 死の2ヶ月前の大永6年（1526年）4月に戦国時代の代表的な分国法『今川仮名目録』を制定している。
• In April 1526, two months before his death, he established the 'Imagawa Kana Mokuroku' (Imagawa House Laws), typical provincial laws that warlords enforced in their territories in the Sengoku period.

• 前田利家・芳春院、山内一豊・見性院 (山内一豊室) と並び安土桃山時代の代表的な夫婦として名高い。
• Like the couple of Toshiie MAEDA and Hoshunin and the couple of Kazutoyo YAMANOUCHI and Kenshoin, the couple of Naoshige and Rengein was one of the most well-known couples in the Azuchi-Momoyama period.

• 京の七口（きょうのななくち）とは、京（京都）につながる街道の代表的な出入口の総称として用いられる。
• The word Kyo no Nanakuchi (Seven Entrances to Kyoto) was used to collectively refer to the entrances of roads leading to Kyo (Kyoto).

• また母方を通じて金春禅竹、そして世阿弥など、いずれも能楽草創期を代表する名人たちの血を承けている。
• In addition, he also inherited the blood of masters who led the early period of Noh including Zenchiku KONPARU and Zeami from his mother.

• 去来はその新風のおしえをうけて、その際、旅行以後の句風を代表する撰集を編もうとこころざしたらしい。
• Kyorai was taught the new style, and planned to edit a collection of poems that would represent the new style created after his trip.

• その後、反乱軍側の内部分裂と顔真卿・顔杲卿たちに代表される勤皇軍の奮戦・ウイグルの援兵などがあった。
• Later, there was a series of unrest, such as the internal rift within the rebel army, struggle by the imperial army represented by Shinkei GAN and Kokei GAN, as well as reinforcement troops sent from the Uighurs.

• 代表的な人物は京都の豪商である角倉了以、茶屋四郎次郎、大坂の末吉孫左衛門、長崎市の末次平蔵らである。
• The representatives were the very affluent Ryoi SUMINOKURA, Shirojiro CHAYA, Magozaemon SUEYOSHI of Osaka, and Heizo SUETSUGU of Nagasaki City.

• 前者は平安時代の懸仏の代表作といわれる名品であり、後者もまた日本の華鬘のなかでも最高傑作といわれる。
• The former is said to be the one of fine arts, the representative work of Kakebotoke (hanging plaque Buddha) in the Heian period, and the latter is the greatest work of Japanese keman (Buddhist floral decorations).

• 日本を代表する観光地である京都市が近いために注目されることは少ないが、ロケーションには恵まれている。
• Nagaokakyo City does not receive much attention because one of the most popular tourist destinations in Japan, Kyoto City, is located nearby, but is still a good location.

• 初期には出雲阿国や古田重然に代表されるように桃山文化の影響を受けた「かぶき」の文化が一世を風靡した。
• During the initial stage, 'kabuki' culture, which was influenced by Momoyama-bunka and represented by Izumo no okuni and Shigenari FURUTA, became very popular.

• 代表的な例では睿宗 (朝鮮王)の母后である貞熹王后と明宗 (朝鮮王)の母后である文定王后などがある。
• The most prominent example is Empress dowager Chonhi (貞熹王后), mother of Yejong (King of Dynasty Korea) and Empress dowager Buntei, mother of Menso (King of dynasty Korea).

• 禅宗特有の形式による祖師像を頂相（ちんそう）と言い、大徳寺の大燈国師像などがこの時代の代表作である。
• The portrait of a Zen monk in the Zen-specific style is called Chinso, and the portrait of Daito Kokushi at Daitoku-ji Temple is one of the representative works of this period.

• 時宗政権を支えた二本柱は頼綱を筆頭とする得宗被官と、外戚で外様御家人の安達氏を代表する泰盛であった。
• Two pillars of the Tokimune administration consisted of the Tokuso vassals headed by Yoritsuna on the one hand, and Yasumori representing the Adachi clan, who were maternal relatives of the Tokuso family and shogunal retainers, on the other.

• そのため、新幹線方式よりもコスト面でより有利なTGVに代表される半動力集中式を採用するケースが多い。
• Therefore, in many cases, semi-concentrated traction systems, typically TGV, which are advantageous cost-wise compared to the Shinkansen system, are employed.

• 豊原氏は代表的な三方楽所楽家の一つであり、時秋の祖父豊原時光、父の時元とも笙の大家として名高かった。
• The Toyohara clan represented one of the Raku families of Sanpo gakuso (organization of transmission of gagaku, ancient court music), and Tokiaki's grandfather Tokimitsu TOYOHARA and father Tokimoto were famous as the great masters of Sho (traditional Japanese wind instrument resembling panpipes).

• 桂園派（けいえんは）は、江戸時代後期の歌人香川景樹（1768年-1843年）に代表される和歌の流派。
• Keien School is a school of Waka (Japanese poem) led by Kageki KAGAWA (1768-1843), a poet in the late Edo period.

• 伊勢は、『古今和歌集』の撰者時代の代表的歌人であり、同集には女性として最多の二十二首が入集している。
• Ise was a representative poet in the time when 'Kokin Wakashu' (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) was compiled, and twenty-two poems written by her were collected in it, which is the most among poems written by female poets.

• また、両チームにはチーム代表で解説や進行を担当する「頭」や、応援担当の「念人」が選出されることもある。
• In addition, there were cases where 'to,' who was in charge of commentary and direction for their team, and 'nennin,' whose job was to support their team, were selected.

• 代表的寺内町には摂津国石山（大阪府）や越前国吉崎御坊（福井県）、富田林市（大阪府富田林市）などがある。
• Representative examples of Jinaicho included those in Ishiyama of Settsu Province (modern-day Osaka Prefecture), in Yoshizaki Mibo of Echizen Province (Fukui Prefecture today), and in the city of Tondabayashi (present-day Tondabayashi City, Osaka).

• 長沼村は利権を回復しようと県庁へ、小川武平という村の代表が請願しに行くもなかなか聞き入れられずにいた。
• Naganuma village tried to recover of concession, a representative of the village Buhei OGAWA went to prefectural government office to petition, but it was hard to be granted.

• 斉 (春秋)の桓公 (斉)は、周室への礼を失せず、諸侯を一致団結させて、楚に代表される夷狄を討伐した。
• Lord Huan of Qi (a state in Zhou Dynasty) held other lords together to subdue iteki including Chu without being disrespectful to the Zhou court.

• 立花が専務取締役、阪東は取締役に就任したが、代表取締役社長をはじめとして経営はほとんど松竹に握られた。
• Tachibana became a senior managing director and Bando became a director; however, Shochiku had almost complete control over the management of the company, holding most of the important positions including the president.

• しかし、フランス人であったため、日本外交の代表権を持つ公使就任をフランス政府に拒まれ、実現しなかった。
• However, because he was French, the French Government did not allow Montblanc to take up the post of ambassador with a right to represent Japanese diplomacy so he was not able to become involved.

• 本草学者としての学識に加えて、蘭学にも造詣が深く、橋本宗吉の代表作『西洋医事集成宝凾』の校閲を行った。
• He was familiar with Western sciences as well as herbalism, and reviewed 'Seiyo Iji Shusei Hokan' (Treasure Chest of Collected Western Medical Facts), a representative work of Sokichi HASHIMOTO.

• 蘇定方はこの時期の唐を代表する名将であり、用兵は巧みであったが、黒歯常之を打ち破ることはできなかった。
• Although So Teiho was a leading Tang Dynasty general who was well versed in tactics at the time, he could not defeat Joshi KOKUSHI.

• 万博終了後に引き続き、幕府代表としてスイス、ベルギー、オランダ、イギリス、イタリアなど欧州各国を歴訪。
• After Paris Exposition, he visited Switzerland, Belgium, Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Italy as the representative of the bakufu.

• 『雨月物語』（うげつものがたり）は、上田秋成によって江戸時代後期に著わされた読本（よみほん）の代表作。
• 'Ugetsu Monogatari' is a representative yomihon (book for reading) written by Akinari UEDA at the end of the Edo era.

• 脱亜思想（だつあしそう）とは、福澤諭吉に代表される儒教を廃して中華思想から脱却しようとする思想のこと。
• Datsua-shiso thought is a concept mainly advocated by Yukichi FUKUZAWA, which encourages an abolishment of Confucianism and a departure from Sinocentrism.

• その代表格は高瀬喜朴（本名：忠敦、1668～1749）と荻生北渓（本名：観、1669～1754）である。
• Representative examples are Kiboku TAKASE (real name: Tadaatsu, 1668 - 1749) and Hokkei OGYU (real name: Kan, 1669 - 1754).

• 建築では、義満が北山に建造した鹿苑寺は寝殿造と禅宗仏殿を融合させたもので、北山文化を代表する建築である。
• In terms of architectural design, Rokuon-ji (Kinkaku-ji) Temple, which Yoshimitsu had built in the Kitayama region of Kyoto, was a blend of palatial Heian style and Zen Buddhist style architecture, and as such is an excellent example of Kitayama culture.

• 代表的な思想家として騶衍（すうえん。騶は{馬芻}。鄒衍と表記する場合もある）や、公孫発などが挙げられる。
• The representative thinkers include Zou Yan (騶衍 or 鄒衍) and Koson(公孫発).

• 戦前の代表的な歴史家の一覧である内藤湖南は垂仁天皇の皇女倭姫命（やまとひめのみこと）を卑弥呼に比定した。
• Konan NAITO, a representative scholar of Oriental history before the war, identified Yamato Hime no Mikoto (a princess of Emperor Suinin) as Himiko.

• 1963年、戦前から日本を代表する二枚目であり、戦後の大映映画の大黒柱だった長谷川一夫が映画界から引退。
• In 1963, Kazuo HASEGAWA, Japan's foremost actor of the prewar period known for his outstanding good looks and being the top Daiei star of the postwar period, retired from the motion picture industry.

• 代表的な例としては三好氏、一宮氏、大西氏、安宅氏などが挙げられる（ただし、それぞれの出自には諸説ある）。
• The representatives are the Miyoshi clan, the Ichinomiya clan, the Onishi clan, the Atagi clan and others (however, there are various theories as to each place of origin of them).

• 女形が演じるのは「三姫」（八重垣姫、雪姫、時姫）に代表される姫君や花魁や若い娘や人妻、奥女中などである。
• Onnagata acts the roles of princesses examplified by `three princesses' (Princess Yaegaki, Yukihime, Tokihime), oiran, a young girl, a married woman, or a maid working in the domestic quarters of a shogun or daimyo.

• 代表的なものに東京国立博物館所蔵の国宝、梨地螺鈿金装飾剣（なしじらでんきんそうのかざりたち）などがある。
• One example that represents such items is Nashiji radenkinso no kazaritachi (Sword mounting of kazari-tachi type, with mother-of-pearl inlay decoration and gold fittings on nashiji lacquer ground), which is a national treasure housed in Tokyo National Museum.

• 東福寺に住した画僧・明兆（みんちょう）はこの時代を代表する作者で、彩色画、水墨画ともに多くの作品がある。
• Mincho, an artist monk who lived at Tofuku-ji Temple is a representative artist of the period and there exists many of his works including chromatic pictures and ink-wash paintings.

• また戦国時代 (中国)末に現れた楚 (春秋)の屈原に代表される辞賦作家は、王侯の娯楽用として賦を作った。
• The Jifu (a type of literature between poetry and prose) novelists represented by Kutsugen (a Chinese scholar-official) in Chu in the end of the Warring States Period made fu (epic of jifu) for entertaining royalty.

• 「保元物語」や「平家物語」などに登場する海野幸親の三男で、鎌倉時代初期を代表する弓の名手として知られる。
• He was the third son of Yukichika UNNO who appeared in 'Hogen Monogatari' and 'Heike Monogatari' and was known as a master of archery who represented the early Kamakura period.

• 『中右記』には「天下の政、この人の言にあり」とまで述べられており、院政期を代表する政治家の一人と言える。
• In 'Chuyuki' (diary of FUJIWARA no Munetada), it was mentioned that 'politics are determined by his words' and he could be considered a politician representative of the insei (cloister government) period.

• 1898年10月には重太郎は大阪銀行集会所委員長となり、押しも押されもせぬ大阪を代表する銀行家となった。
• Jutaro became the chairman of the committee of Osaka Bank in October 1898, which meant that he became a top banker with an established reputation in Osaka.

• よって朝倉孝景 (10代当主)と区別するために代表的な名乗りの一つである「朝倉敏景」と表記する事がある。
• Thus, in order to distinguish him from Takakage ASAKURA (the tenth head of the family), he may be described using one of his representative names 'Toshikage ASAKURA.'

• 代表的な作品として唐の太宗 (唐)の手になる大慈恩寺・大雁塔に刻された「聖教序」（御製御書）などがある。
• Exemplary works of gyosei include the 'Shogyojo' (writing done by the emperor's hand) by Taiso (Tang tai zong), that was engraved on the Daiganto at the Daijion-ji Temple.

• 和泉式部日記（いずみしきぶにっき）は和泉式部によって記された日記であり、女流日記文学の代表的作品である。
• 'The Izumi Shikibu Nikki' is a diary written by Izumi Shikibu, and is a notable example of women's literature in diaries.

• たとえば契沖が「序(詞)ト云モ枕詞ノ長キヲ云ヘリ」（『万葉代匠記』）と説明しているのが代表的な例である。
• For example, it is one of the typical examples that Keichu wrote 'if one says jokotoba, one speaks of long makurakotoba' ('Manyodaishoki').

• 泉屋博古館にある「虎食人卣」（こしょくじんゆう）や東洋文庫が多く所蔵する『永楽大典』はその代表例である。
• Representative examples include the 'Koshokujinyu' (Tiger devouring human) at Sen-oku Hakuko Kan and many 'Yongle Encyclopedias' stored at the Toyo Bunko (Oriental Library).

• この大学は北京大学と並んで中国を代表する名門大学として成長し、現在でも理系分野ではトップと言われている。
• This university grew to be a prestigious institution representing China along with Peking University and is even now reputed to be at the top in the field of science.

• 換言すれば、一条親子の職務を補佐していた言わば鎌倉幕府の京都における代表の一員とも言うべき人物であった。
• In other words, assisting the jobs of the father and son of the Ichijo family, the trio were those that could be said to be representatives of the Kamakura bakufu in Kyoto.

• もっとも代表的なものとして株仲間の結成時に領主から独占的な営業特権を認められた代償として納める冥加がある。
• The most well known example of Myoga was the one that was imposed by lords in for the exclusive business right of kabunakama.

• 近代における武士道については1900年に英文で発表された新渡戸稲造の『武士道』が代表的なテキストとされる。
• As for Bushido in modern times, 'Bushido' of Inazo NITOBE released in English in 1900 is considered to be the defacto text on the matter.

• 明治10年刊行の田口卯吉（鼎軒）『日本開化小史』とともに、明治初期の在野史学における代表的史書と評される。
• Together with 'Nihon kaika shoshi' (Brief History of Japanese Enlightenment) by Ukichi (Teiken) TAGUCHI published in 1877, it is regarded as one of the greatest historical works by amateur historians in the early Meiji period.

• 時代や流儀によっても相違があり一定していないが、大蔵虎寛本（1792年成立）の分類を代表として挙げておく。
• The classification used in 'Okura-torahiro-bon' (Kyogen script compiled by Torahiro OKURA in 1792) is introduced hereafter, although differences among times and schools have hampered broad acceptance of the classification.

• 南朝が正統な朝廷とする史観が定着するや、楠木正成や楠木氏は忠臣の代表として賞賛され、顕彰されるようになる。
• From the time when the Southern Court became well recogized as the orthodox Imperial court, Masashige KUSUNOKI and the Kusunoki clan were praised as the representative of loyal subjects and were even rewarded.

• 上田秋成の『雨月物語』などと並んで江戸時代の戯作文芸の代表作であり、日本の長編伝奇小説の古典の一つである。
• It is a leading gesaku (literary work of a playful, mocking, joking, silly or frivolous nature) during the Edo period like 'Ugetsu Monogatari' (Tales of Moon and Rain) written by Akinari UEDA, and one of the classics of Japanese fantasy novels.

• 特に叔父である藤原良継・藤原百川の死後は、宇合の孫の中で最年長者であった種継が同家を代表する立場になった。
• After Tanetsugu's uncles FUJIWARA no Yoshitsugu's and FUJIWARA no Momokawa's death, as the eldest person among Umakai's grandsons he became the representative of that family.

• 同じ山本原作『路傍の石』の二作品は、ヒューマニズムに貫かれた田坂の誠実な人柄を反映した代表的傑作となった。
• His second Yamamoto adaptation 'Robo no Ishi' (The Wayside Pebble) became Tasaka's representative masterpiece reflecting his sincere personality brimming with humanism.

• そうした中、阮籍や嵆康に代表される竹林の七賢をひとつの理想形とし、隠逸そのものを理念とする思潮が生まれる。
• Against the background, a thought of the times was created that the seven wise men such as Ruan Ji and Keiko were considered ideal persons and recluse itself became an ideal way of life.

• その代表的な論客である安田元久は、武士団を「一定の時代」における、ひとつの構造的特質をもったものととらえる。
• Motohisa YASUDA, who was the main critic of that argument, considered bushidan as one form of a special structural aspect for 'a fixed period.'

• その後室町時代前期にかけて『貴嶺問答』・『雑筆往来』、そして中世往来物の代表作とされる『庭訓往来』が現れた。
• Then, by the early Muromachi period, 'Kirei Mondo,' 'Zohitsu Orai' (also called 'Zappitsu Orai') and 'Teikin Orai' (a collection of letters used for family education), which is considered to be the most important work of oraimono from the medieval time, were all written.

• 『源氏物語絵巻』は、12世紀前半ころの藤原隆能の筆と伝えられる平安時代の代表的絵巻で、20図が現存している。
• 'Genji Monogatari Emaki' (Illustrated scrolls of the Tale of Genji) is an emakimono that represents the Heian period, and it was said to be painted by FUJIWARA no Takayoshi around the first half of the 12th century; 20 frames of the emakimono still exist.

• 和装産業は京都を代表する産業であり、西陣はその中心地として繁栄したが、和装離れにより活気がやや失われている。
• The kimono industry has been one of the leading industries in Kyoto, and Nishijin prospered as the center of the industry; due to the declining demand for kimono, however, Nishijin has also started to decline slightly.

• これにより日本は、封建的な幕藩体制に基づく代表的君主政から、近代的な官僚機構を擁する直接的君主政に移行した。
• In this way, Japan shifted from a representative monarchy based on the feudal system characteristic of the shogunate to direct monarchy with a modern bureaucratic organization.

• 「怪獣大戦争マーチ」の編曲は、製作側の要望で伊福部の代表曲を使用した『ゴジラvs.ビオランテ』でも流された。
• Desired by the production side, the arrangement of 'Monster Zero March' was also played in 'Godzilla vs. Biorante' which used IFUKUBE's other masterpieces.

• オリジナリティーの言葉は数奇屋道を指し、現在一般で言われる茶道(千家流など代表流派）からは少し趣向が離れる。
• The original word is referred to the Sukiya style (style of tea-ceremony arbor), and its variety is a little departed from currently and generally called tea ceremony (which indicates representative school such as the Senke school).

• 大阪寿司の代表的な箱寿司（押し寿司）、酢締めの押し寿司バッテラ、ばら寿司（五目寿司）、巻き寿司等も含まれる。
• Hako-zushi (pressed sushi) which is representative of Osakazushi, battera, a kind of Oshi-zushi using toppings marinated in vinegar, Bara-zushi (gomoku zushi - vinegared rice mixed with various vegetable, fish and other ingredients), Maki-zushi are also included.

• 赤糸の茶筅の代表的なものが長寿の祝い事に用いられる祝茶筅で、還暦や古希では元節、喜寿や米寿では節無しとする。
• Chasen with red string is typically used for celebrations of longevity, and among them one having the knot on its upper part is used for kanreki (celebration of one's 60th birthday) and koki (cerebration of one's 70th birthday) and one without a knot is used for kiju (cerebration of one's 77th birthday) and beiju (celebration of one's 88th birthday).

• 改名後、株式会社KAINOSHO（旧社名：ケイブレイン株式会社）代表取締役、著書「インナーブランディング」。
• After changing his name, he has become the president of KAINOSHO (former Keiburein) and the author of a book, 'Inner Branding.'

• 公明党で唯一、創価学会の会員以外の衆議院議員となった（国会議員では党副代表草川昭三が創価学の会員ではない）。
• Consequently, she became the only member of the House of Representatives from the New Komeito Party who was not affiliated with Soka Gakkai (among members of the Diet, Shozo KUSAKAWA, the Vice President of the New Komeito Party, is not affiliated with Soka Gakkai).

• 頼綱出家の後、頼綱の子等はすべて幼少であったため、弟の塩谷朝業が宇都宮家を代表して幕府に出仕することとなる。
• After this, Yoritsuna became a priest, and as his children were all small, his younger brother Tomonari SHIONOYA came to enter government service on behalf of the Utsunomiya family.

• 快速（英字表記 Rapid Service）は、大和路快速に並ぶ代表的な列車種別で、ほぼ終日運転されている。
• Rapid Service is classified as a typical train comparable to Yamatoji Rapid Service that runs almost all day.

• 京都線の代表的種別で、基本的に平日の昼間から夕方の時間帯に、土曜・休日は早朝・深夜を除くほぼ終日運行される。
• This is the representative type of train running on the Kyoto Line; basically, it's operated during the daytime and in the evenings on weekdays, while on Saturdays and holidays it runs nearly all day except for in the early morning and late evening.

• 高さ37センチの小品ながら,各所に繊細な透彫を施した入念な作で,鎌倉時代の金属工芸を代表するものの1つである。
• Although it is a small article only 37 cm high, it is provided with elaborately made sukashi-bori in many places and it is one of the representative works of smithing in the Kamakura period.

• 一つは信長・秀吉の天下統一事業に代表される、強大な権力者を頂点とする中央集権体制、いわば「タテの支配」である。
• One was the centralized administrative framework in which an enormously powerful person was at the top such as Nobunaga and Hideyoshi's project to unify the country, what was called 'a vertical control.'

• 現存する流派で代表的なものに、柳生心眼流、諸賞流、天神明進流などがあるが、特に拳法と名乗っているわけではない。
• There are existing representative schools such as Yagyu Shingan Ryu, Shosho Ryu, Tenjin Myoshin Ryu etc., but they don't call specially themselves kenpo

• 代表的な使用例は、イギリス女王エリザベス2世 (イギリス女王)の母であるエリザベス・バウエス＝ライオンがある。
• Representative example of use is Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, the mother of Elizabeth II, the queen of England.

• 煎餅は日本を代表するスナック菓子（間食）のひとつであるが、近年はポテトチップスなどに人気を奪われる傾向にある。
• Senbei are one of the typical Japanese snacks eaten between meals, but are declining in popularity in recent years and are being replaced by other snacks such as potato chips

• 愛媛県を代表する祭りとして、新居浜市の太鼓台、西条市のだんじりとともに、各地のイベント等に出場することがある。
• Ushioni sometimes appears in events held across the country as a typical example of the festivals held in Ehime Prefecture, along with Taikodai (a large float used to carry taiko [drums]) of Niihama City and Danjiri (a float with a decorative portable shrine) of Saijo City.

• 本書の跋として井月は、後に代表句と評される「落栗の座を定むるや窪溜り」を、「柳の家」の署名とともに残している。
• As a postscript, he made haiku, 'Ochigurino zawosadamuruya kubodamari' (I was like a rolling chestnut, because I didn't settle down in one place, but now, I'm trying to settle in Otakubo), which was considered as one of his most famous haiku with his signature, 'Yanagino ya.'

• ただし九条兼実に代表される貴族層は日和見的態度をとっていたため、後白河も一挙に主導権を握ることはできなかった。
• However, nobles represented by Kanezane KUJO took a wait-and-see attitude, and, therefore, Goshirakawa could not take the lead at once.

• 党の構成員は、比較的対等な関係であり、惣領がその党を代表する立場にはあったが、その統制力はそれほど強力ではない。
• The forming member of the to had a relatively conflicting relationship, and soryo had the position to represent that, but the controlling power was not so strong.

• 天狗党が諸費用をきちんと宿場に支払うなど規律厳守に努めたことは、島崎藤村の代表作『夜明け前』にも記述されている。
• The fact that Tenguto paid necessary expenses at post stations and observed rules was described in 'Yoake-mae' (Before the Dawn), a representative work by Toson SHIMAZAKI.

• 主に式典の主賓としての列席及び祝辞、弔辞、開会または閉会の「お言葉」として挨拶をするなどが代表的な活動といえる。
• Typically, as guests of honors, they attend ceremonies and often 'address' audiences: congratulations, condolences, or inaugural or concluding speeches.

• 国民代表として内閣総理大臣、最高裁判所長官、衆議院参議院両院議長の行政司法立法の三権の長、全閣僚などが参列した。
• The Japanese Prime Minister, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, the head of three branches of government-legislature, administrative, and judicial branches, the Speakers of the House of Representatives and the House of Councilors, all the Cabinet ministers attended the ceremony as the representatives of the nation.

• とはいえ『日本』には主筆の羯南以下、正岡子規など明治を代表する多くの文人が集い、後世の文壇に与えた影響は大きい。
• However, in the 'Nippon' many representative writers in the Meiji period such as Katsunan, the editor, and Shiki MASAOKA gathered and they greatly influenced the following literary world.

• しかし、明治18年に描かれた彼の代表作に「奥州安達が原ひとつ家の図」は芳年の想像力を駆使して描かれたものである。
• Exceptionally, Yoshitoshi drew 'Oshu adachigahara hitotsuya no zu', one of his masterpieces, in 1885 using only his imagination.

• 白鳥庫吉と共に戦前を代表する東洋史学者であり、邪馬台国論争、中国に於ける時代区分論争などで戦前の学会を二分した。
• He was a representative scholar of eastern history, together with Kurakichi SHIRATORI, before the war; their dispute on Yamatai-Koku kingdom and periodization theory about Chinese history divided the academic society into two.

• 通説で飛鳥時代と呼ばれている時代までは、ヤマト王権はまだ日本を代表する政権ではなく畿内の地方政権にすぎなかった。
• Until the Asuka period in the popular theory, Yamato kingship was a mere local government in and around the capital, not a government that represented Japan.

• 紀元前から7世紀末まで日本を代表した政権は一貫して九州にあり、倭（ゐ）、大倭（たゐ）、俀（たゐ）と呼ばれていた。
• The governments which reigned in Japan from B.C through until the end of the seventh century were consistently located in Kyushu, and it was called I, Tai, Tai.

• 特に教育及び翻訳によって近代中国に多大な影響を与えたことで知られ、『万国公法』の訳出はその代表的な事績といえる。
• He is known with his significant influence to modern Chine in the field of education and translation and translation of 'Bankoku Koho' can be said to be his representative achievement.

• - ソビエト連邦占領行政下で行政執行にあたっていたが、解散を命じられ大津敏男長官を代表とする上級官吏が収監される。
• Under Soviet occupation Karafuto-Cho was made to carry out the administration, but was then ordered to dissolve and governor Toshio OTSU as a representative and other high ranked government officials were imprisoned.

• その後、前方後円墳のさきがけと位置付けられる円墳、出雲文化圏特有の四隅突出型墳から変化した大型方墳が代表的である。
• Later in this early 'Kofun' period, a circular tumulus appeared and was positioned as a precursor to the keyhole-shaped mound; then another 'Kofun' development was of a large square tumulus, and this appeared only in the distinctively cultural sphere of Izumo Province; also, this large square tumulus seemed to be developed from yosumi tosshutsugata funkyubo (square mounds whose four corners protruded outward).

• 瞬発式火縄銃（しゅんぱつしきひなわじゅう）は、火縄銃の点火方式の一つで、これを用いた銃は日本の火縄銃に代表される。
• Instantaneous discharge matchlock is an ignition system for matchlock guns, which are represented by Japanese hinawa-ju (literally, fire rope gun).

• また実陰は霊元天皇歌壇の代表的歌人でもあり、霊元院から古今伝授を受け、中御門天皇・桜町天皇の和歌の師範をも務めた。
• Sanekage was also a leading poet in the Emperor Reigen poetry circle, for he received a Kokin denju (the secret transmissions of the 'Kokinshu,' Anthology of Old and New Japanese Poems) from Reigenin and served as a grand master of Waka for Emperor Nakamikado and Emperor Sakuramachi.

• 伊勢平氏の家系は桓武平氏の嫡流の平国香、平貞盛の血筋であり、他の坂東八平氏に代表される家系と同様に、関東に住した。
• The Ise-Heishi (Taira clan) pedigree includes Kanmu-Heishi (Taira clan) lines of TAIRA no Kunika and TAIRA no Sadamori, as with other representative branches of families such as Bando Hachi Heishi (the Eight Taira Groups of the East), they lived in the Kanto (Eastern) region of Japan.

• 父善縄の死後、貞観 (日本)15年(873年)9月に一族の代表として氏神奉幣のために本貫伊勢国員弁郡に下っている。
• In September 873, after her father Yoshitada's death, she went to her birthplace Inabe County, Ise Province as the representative of the clan in order to offer hohei (a wand with hemp and paper streams) to ujigami (the local Shinto deity).

• このため、勝っても負けても火起請を行った代表者あるいはその家族はその集団が責任をもって面倒を見るべきものとされた。
• Therefore, it was commonly considered that a group should be responsible for taking care of its representative who had undergone higisho and his family, whether he won or not.

• 主に帝国議会開設から日清戦争にかけて使われてきたが、その後も「民衆代表政党」の意味を込めて大正期まで使われてきた。
• It was used mainly between the establishment of the Imperial Diet and the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, but was used to the Taisho period with the meaning of 'the Parties of the People's Representatives' afterwards.

• また、太平洋戦争後には、熊沢寛道に代表される自称天皇が現れ、自身が南朝の子孫であり正統な皇位継承者であると主張した。
• Additionally, after the Pacific War, there were appearances of self-claimed emperors such as Hiromichi KUMAZAWA, who claimed that he was a descendant of the Southern Court and therefore the legitimate heir to the throne.

• 中世の代表的自治都市である堺は宣教師も「東洋のベニス」と評価する文書を残しており、織田信長に屈服するまで自治を行う。
• Sakai, a representative example of the free cities in the medieval period, was rated by missionaries in some surviving accounts as 'the Venice of the East,' and continued its autonomy until it was later forced to capitulate to Nobunaga ODA.

• 昭和の高度成長期にはデパートの食堂も洋食を提供する代表であり、近年はファミリーレストランがその役割を一部担っている。
• Department store restaurants were major place which served Yoshoku during the high-growth period of the Showa period, and has been taken up in part by family restaurants in recent times.

• 代表的な者のみをアド、それ以外を次アドまたはオモ（大蔵流の場合）、小アド（こあど。和泉流の場合）などと称したりする。
• In addition, there are other ways to call several Ado separately; the most important performer playing the supporting role is called Ado, while others are called 'Ji-Ado' (the next ranked Ado), 'Omo' (title used only in the Okura school), 'Ko-Ado' (title used only in the Izumi school), and so on.

• キッコーマンに代表される亀甲文様の亀甲は北極星信仰（妙見菩薩信仰）で、北極星のシンボルカラーである紫色からと言う説。
• There is also another theory that this term originated from the purple color that was a symbolic color of the polar star because Kikko (hexagonal pattern) of tortoiseshell pattern used as a brand mark of Kikkoman Corporation was a symbol of the North Start belief (Myoken Bosatsu belief).

• 701年（大宝 (日本)元年）7月21日 (旧暦) - 文武天皇の命を受け、官人を代表し亡くなった多治比嶋を誄する。
• On September 2, 701, Iwashiro offered tributes to the exploits of departed TAJIHI no Shima on behalf of government official (lower or middle ranked) by order of the Emperor Monmu.

• これにより近藤は幕府代表者の一員として各要人との交渉を行い、そのなかには土佐藩の参政である後藤象二郎等も挙げられる。
• This promotion allowed Isami KONDO to carry out negotiations with important individuals as one of the bakufu representatives, and Shojiro GOTO, who was a politician from the Tosa domain, was one of the examples.

• 内藤の論の代表的なものとして、独特の文化史観に基づき、中国史の時代区分を唐と北宋の間を持って分けるというものがある。
• Naito's representative theories included the periodization of Chinese history based on his unique viewpoint of cultural history; he divided Chinese history between the Tang Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty.

• 平曲（平家琵琶）は古代の日本音楽である雅楽と声明（しょうみょう）から生まれ、能楽と共に中世を代表する日本音楽である。
• Heikyoku (Heike biwa) developed from the ancient musical forms of gagaku and shomyo (chanting of Buddhist hymns), and is typical medieval Japanese music together with Nohgaku (the art of Noh).

• 後の代表的な和算家吉田光由や今村知商、あるいは関孝和の師匠でもあった高原吉種などの弟子達を育てたことでも有名である。
• Shigeyoshi was also famous for teaching apprentices such as leading Wasanka (mathematicians) Mitsuyoshi YOSHIDA, Chisho IMAMURA and Yoshitane TAKAHARA who was the master of Takakazu SEKI..

• 宮津市は天橋立を抱える日本を代表する観光都市であるが、天橋立へは隣駅の天橋立駅があるため、観光客はそれほど多くない。
• Miyazu City is a tourist destination representing Japan due to its Amanohashidate, but the number of tourists using this station is not so large as access to Amanohashidate is more convenient from neighboring Amanohashidate Station.

• しかし、この離脱理由が負け惜しみとならないほど、その後、橋本は日本を代表する脚本家の一人として名声を高める事となる。
• Although this was not sour grapes on his part, since Hashimoto went on to become famous as one of Japan's principal screenwriters.

• 鉱物、工芸品を輸出し、教養品・嗜好品に代表される「唐物」を輸入したことによって日本の経済・文化に大きな影響を与えた。
• Exporting minerals and handicrafts and importing 'karamono' (Chinese goods) represented by cultured and luxury goods had great impacts on the Japanese economy and culture.

• 翌年には名称を「月曜会」と改めると、50人を有して研究会_(貴族院)・三曜会とともに初期議会を代表する会派となった。
• The following year it was renamed 'Getsuyo-kai' and with 50 members it became one of the initial assembly's leading factions like Kenkyu-kai (House of Lords) or Sanyo-kai.

• 両者を分かつことは難しいので厳密には分類せず、『明六雑誌』に登場し、現代まで残った語彙のうち代表的なものを列挙する。
• The major vocabulary which appeared in 'Meiroku Zasshi' and are still used today are as follows (Since it is difficult to divide them, they are not strictly classified).

• ヨーロッパでは、スペイン語でパハリータ、フランス語でココットと呼ばれる小鳥（または鶏）の形をした折り紙が代表的である。
• A typical European origami model includes a small bird (or hen) called pajarito in Spanish and cocotte in French.

• 江戸時代初期を代表する寛永の三筆（近衛信尹・本阿弥光悦・松花堂昭乗）の書は、前代から継承された尊円流を土台としていた。
• The calligraphic works by san-pitsu in the Kanei era (1624 - 1644) (Nobutada KONOE, Koetsu HONAMI, and Shojo SHOKADO) during the early Edo period were based on the sonen style handed down from the previous period.

• 江戸時代中期の和様の代表は、幕府右筆の森尹祥、上代様の復興に努めた近衛家熙、千蔭流を成した加藤千蔭、池大雅などがいる。
• Typical Japanese style calligraphers in the middle era of the Edo period included Masayoshi MORI, Yuhitsu (amanuensis) of the bakufu, Iehiro KONOE who endeavored to restore the jodai style, Chikage KATO who founded the Chikage style, and IKE no Taiga.

• 宮内卿（くない-きょう）または後鳥羽院宮内卿（ごとば/ごとばの-いん・くない-きょう）は、新古今期を代表する女房歌人。
• Kunaikyo or Gotoba/Gotobanoin Kunaikyo was a court-lady poet who is representative of a period when Shinkokin (Wakashu, or New Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) was compiled.

• 英一やその門人である山本友一は土屋文明系の渋谷嘉次と論争を行い、文明に代表されるアララギの作風のぎごちなさを批判する。
• Eiichi and his pupil, Tomoichi YAMAMOTO, criticized the awkward literary style of Araragi, and frequently argued with 渋谷嘉次, the pupil of Bunmei TSUCHIYA, who represented Araragi.

• 俘囚である安倍氏 (奥州)・出羽清原氏が源氏と対等な武士として、短いが力強く描写されている初期軍記物語の代表作である。
• It is a representative early war chronicle which the Abe clan (Mutsu Province) who were fushu (northern barbarians) and the Dewa Kiyohara clan were compared to the Minamoto clan by depicting them as warriors who were short in stature but strong.

• 更に、農村は綿織物業等に従事した女性労働力に代表されるように低賃金労働力を創出し、日本の資本主義の発達を大いに促した。
• Moreover, agricultural villages provided cheap labor, as typified by the female labor that worked in cotton textile industry, and promoted the development of the Japanese capitalism.

• 『庭訓往来』に代表される書簡形式を採った単語集・知識集で、書簡の形式とともに必要な知識を身に付けさせる事を目指したもの。
• The fourth group represented by 'Teikin Orai' comprises books of words and knowledge in the style of letters, which aimed to spread necessary knowledge as well as the form of letters.

• このうち、中書省は天子とのつながりが強かったが、門下省は貴族層の意思を代表する機関であり、中書と門下の力が拮抗していた。
• The Secretariat was closely connected with the emperor, whereas the Chancellery represented the intentions of the noble class; the Secretariat competed with the Chancellery for influence.

• 日本の代表的な展覧会である日本美術展覧会の第五科（書）では、漢字、かな (書道)、篆刻、調和体の4領域が実施されている。
• Four fields of Kanji, Kana (Shodo), Tenkoku (seal engraving), and Chowatai (harmony) are carried out in the Fifth Department (Sho) by the Japan Fine Arts Exhibition, a typical exhibition in Japan.

• 三条実美『梨堂印譜』・大谷光勝『水月斎印譜』・『燕申堂印譜』などとともに明治時代の日本の篆刻家一覧の代表的な印譜である。
• This is one of the representative Inpu from Japanese seal-engraving specialists during the Meiji period together with Sanetomi SANJO 'Rido Inpu,' Kosho OTANI 'Suigetsu sai Inpu' 'Enshindo Inpu.'

• また、遠近道印（おちこち どういん）と組んで製作した『東海道分間絵図』は江戸時代前期を代表する道中図として知られている。
• 'Tokaido-bungen-ezu' (The Picture Map of the Tokai-do Highway) which he composed with Doin OCHIKOCHI is known as one of the best pictorial maps produced in the early Edo period.

• 大正4年に描かれ、翌年の第2回草土社展に出品された『切通しの写生（道路と土手と塀）』は劉生の風景画の代表作の一つである。
• One of the representative works of landscape painting of Ryusei was 'Road Cut through a Hill' which was completed in 1915 and sent to the second Sodosha-ten in the next year.

• ことに重根は、当時福岡黒田家中を代表する文化人で、実山と号し、京都文化とのつながりも深く、茶の道に独自の運動を展開した。
• In particular, Shigemoto was the key literary figure within the Fukuoka Kuroda family (participating under the name of `Jitsuzan`) and heavily involved in the Kyoto cultural scene where he launched out on his own independent pursuit of the tea ceremony.

• 『旅の重さ』、キネマ旬報ベストワンにかがやいた『津軽じょんがら節』と次々と発表し、日本を代表する映画監督のひとりとなる。
• Saito released successive films including 'Tabi no Omosa' (Journey Into Solitude) and 'Tsugaru Jongarabushi' (Jongara) which was included in the Kinema Junpo magazine top ten, making him one of Japan's most renowned directors.

• 金 (王朝)・元 (王朝)の時代に、北方で全真教に代表される新道教が成立した（他に、真大道教と太一教の教団が勃興した）。
• In the Jin and Yuan dynasties, new Dokyo represented by Zenshinkyo (literally, all truth religion) was established in the northern area (Besides, the religious organizations of Shindai-Dokyo [truly great Dokyo] and Taiitsukyo experienced a sudden boom.)

• そして、「連判状」はんせいに代表される一揆契状に見られるように、局地的には全参加者が平等で民主的な合議制の場合が多かった。
• In most cases, ikki locally ensured equal treatment for all members within a democratic council system, as symbolized in ikki keijo (ikki deed) which is represented by the 'renpanjo' hansei.

• 条約改正は明治憲法制定と同時並行で取り組まれ、伊藤博文内閣の外相井上馨は鹿鳴館に代表される欧化政策を行いつつ交渉を進めた。
• The revision of treaties was carried out in concurrence with the establishment of the Meiji Constitution, and the Foreign Minister Kaoru INOUE of the Hirobumi ITO Cabinet engaged in negotiation while promoting the policy of Europeanization such as the construction of Rokumeikan (Deer-cry Hall).

• 中国では、仰韶文化（やんしゃおぶんか）の代表的遺跡である西安の半坡遺跡（はんばいせき）で発掘されたものがよく知られている。
• Well-known examples are similar dwellings found at the Banpo archaeological site in Xian, China, belonging to ancient Yangshao Culture.

• 立憲改進党（りっけんかいしんとう）は明治時代の自由民権運動の代表的政党の一つ（1882年4月16日－1896年3月1日）。
• Rikken Kaishin-to or Constitutional Progressive Party (effective from April 16, 1882 to March 1, 1896) was one of the major political parties of Japan in the time of Freedom and People's Rights Movement in the Meiji period.

• 五人組制度は村では惣百姓、町では地主・家持を近隣ごとに五戸前後を一組として編成し、各組に組頭などと呼ばれる代表者を定めた。
• The Gonin-gumi system consisted of groups of five members who were landholders in a village, and landlords/house owners in a town, including appointed group leaders called 'Kumigashira.'

• そして今では日本料理の代表格として、寿司とともに日本国外にも進出を果たし、「sashimi」で通じるほどにまでなっている。
• It is now a typical Japanese delicacy that, along with sushi, has been exported to other countries so successfully that the word 'sashimi' is now understood around the world.

• 代表的なものとして、『鉄火三味線』、『鉄火奉行』、『座頭市鉄火旅』、『鉄火若衆』、『鉄火牡丹』、『鉄火の花道』などがある。
• Representative examples include 'Tekka shamisen,' 'Tekka bugyo,' 'Zatoichi Tekka tabi,' 'Tekka botan,' and 'Tekka no Hanamichi.'

• 「日記の家」の代表格は小野宮流藤原氏（『中右記』寛治5年11月12日条ほか）及び平高棟平氏（『今鏡』すべらぎの下）である。
• Representative examples of such 'houses with diaries' include the Onomiya line of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan, which had the 'Chuyuki' (especially noteworthy is its entry for Novenber 12, 1091), and the TAIRA no Takamune line of the Taira clan (particularly the entry 'Suberagi no moto' [Under the Emperor] in their 'Imakagami').

• 小川清助の代表作である本像は、明治11年（1878年）、清助46歳の作品で、現在確認されている中では彼の最後の作品である。
• This outstanding work of Seisuke OGAWA of 1878, at the age of 46, is currently known as his last work.

• 原田は、洋画家の代表として審査官であったものの、審査委員長が洋画排斥の後ろ盾九鬼隆一であり、洋画に厳しい審査結果となった。
• Harada was an examiner representing Western-style painters, but because Ryuichi KUKI, who was backing the expulsion of Western-style paintings, was the chief examiner, the examination results were unfavorable for Western-style paintings.

• 長政はその言葉をヒントに後年「異見会」という家老と下級武士の代表を集め対等な立場で討論の上決断する仕組みを作ったとされる。
• Clued by those words, Nagamasa later established an 'objection conference' system, where decisions were made by representatives of chief retainers and lower-ranking samurai discussing the matters at an equal level.

• 『方丈記』（ほうじょうき）は、鴨長明（かものちょうめい、かものながあきら）によって書かれた日本の中世文学史の代表的な随筆。
• 'Hojoki,' written by KAMO no Chomei, is a representative essay in the history of medieval Japanese literature.

• その代表に後三条天皇、白河上皇に仕えた大江匡房が撰し、藤原実兼 (蔵人)が筆録した『江談抄』があり、12世紀前半に書かれた。
• 'Godansho' (the Oe Conversations, with anecdotes and gossip) selected by OE no Masafusa who served Emperor Gosanjo and the Retired Emperor Shirakawa and recorded by FUJIWARA no Sanekane (kurodo [chamberlain]), is a representative example of anecdotes; it was written in the first half of the 12th century.

• 1983年3月　3府県知事、関西経済連合会会長、学識経験者などを代表委員とする「関西文化学術研究都市建設推進協議会」が発足。
• March, 1983: 'Kansai Science City Construction Promotion Conference' was inaugurated, with the governors of the three prefectures, chairman of Kansai Economic Federation and some academic experts.

• 4月11日、海江田信義、木梨精一郎、水野彦三郎、渡辺清の4人が新政府代表として大手門より入城し、江戸城の引渡しを終了させた。
• On May 3, Nobuyoshi KAIEDA, Seiichiro KINASHI, Hikosaburo MIZUNO and Kiyoshi WATANABE entered into Edo-jo castle from Ote-mon Gate (Main Gate) as representatives of the new government and completed the surrender of Edo-jo castle.

• 白話小説からの翻案が行われ、さらに18世紀の後半には単なる翻案に留まらない『雨月物語』などの代表作が書かれ初期読本が栄えた。
• Some Hakuwa shosetsu were adapted, and further in the late 18th century, early Yomihon became popular as the representative works such as 'Ugetsu monogatari' (Tale of Rain and Moon), which was not a mere adaptation, were written.

• 歌舞伎では四段目の一部『寺子屋』（てらこや）が独立して上演されることが特に多く、上演回数で群を抜く代表的な演目となっている。
• The part of fourth act, 'Terakoya' (temple elementary school during the Edo period) is often played in the Kabuki, and it is one of the representative act that lead in number of performances.

• この場合直接養育にあたった者としてではなく、大海人皇子と一緒に育った乳兄弟か、あるいは一族の代表として述べたものと思われる。
• Judging from this situation, it can be assumed that he was not in a position of raising the prince, but was rather a foster brother who was raised alongside the prince, or a representative of the family who expressed his grief.

• 明治18年（1885年）、代表作「奥州安達が原ひとつ家の図」などによって、「東京流行細見記」（絵師の人気番付）で一番になる。
• In 1885, he was the top in the popularity ranking of artists in 'Tokyo ryuko saikenki' for his works including his best known 'Oshu adachigahara hitotsuya no zu.'

• 代表作に玄々斎好・溢梅雪吹大小・溜ミル貝雪吹溜松木下張棗・粒菊蒔絵溜雪吹・黒絵玉書詰平棗、惺斎好・鱗鶴大棗・松摺漆丸卓など。
• His representative works include Rokurokusaiko, Itsubaifubukidaisho, Tamirugaifubukiryumatsukinoshitabarinatsume, Ryuomakieryufubuki, Kuroetamashotumehiranatsume, Kakusaiko, Kakusaigonomi, Urokozuruonatsume, and Matussuriurushimarutaku.

• 降って院政期に入ると、良門から8代後の藤原為房の一家が権勢を得て栄え、結果的に良門流は藤原北家を代表する一族の一つとなった。
• Later in Insei period (a period of government by the retired Emperor), the family of FUJIWARA no Tamefusa, who was family head eight generations after Yoshikado, prospered by gaining power and became one of clans that represent the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan.

• 文治5年（1189年）に完成したこれらの像は現存し、康慶の代表作であるのみならず、鎌倉時代彫刻の最初を飾る名品とされている。
• These statues completed in 1189 are existing and recognized not only an representative work of Kokei but also fine arts marking the beginning of sculptures during the Kamakura period.

• 南北朝時代には少なくとも旧勢力からは「悪党」と呼ばれる者の増加と参戦があり、例えば赤松円心や、楠木正成は代表的な悪党とされる。
• There was an increase of people called 'akuto' and their participation in wars during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) at least from former powers, and Enshin AKAMATSU and Masashige KUSUNOKI were their representatives.

• 当時の私船(民間貿易)は、倭寇に代表される手荒い貿易方法で、元 (王朝)の衰退を惹起させる程のもので看過できないものであった。
• The private ships in those days (partaking in private foreign trade) as typified by the wako (Japanese pirates) carried out trade in such a rough way that it caused a weakening of the Yuan dynasty which could not be overlooked.

• また、上方と呼ばれる地域における文化は上方文化とも呼ばれ、代表的なものに上方舞、上方落語、上方浮世絵、上方歌、上方言葉がある。
• The culture in the area called Kamigata was called Kamigata culture such as Kamigata dancing, Kamigata rakugo, Kamigata Ukiyo-e, Kamigata language.

• 新古今集の代表的歌人で「願はくば花の下にて春死なむその如月の望月の頃」と詠った西行法師も吉野をたびたび訪れ多くの秀歌を残した。
• Saigyo Hoshi (Buddhist priest Saigyo), an author of the poem 'I hope to die under the cherry blossoms in spring, around the time of full moon in April,' is one of the most famous poets found in Shinkokin Wakashu and frequently visited Yoshino where he wrote many excellent poems.

• （現代表記）我が国未曾有の変革を為んとし、朕、躬を以って衆に先んじ天地神明に誓い、大にこの国是を定め、万民保全の道を立んとす。
• (modern written Japanese) 我が国未曾有の変革を為んとし、朕、躬を以って衆に先んじ天地神明に誓い、大にこの国是を定め、万民保全の道を立んとす。

• そこで、版籍奉還の実施に際してはその意義については曖昧な表現を用いてぼかし、公議所などの諸藩代表からなる公議人に同意を求めた。
• So when the return of lands and people to the Emperor was executed, its meaning was made unclear by using an ambiguous expression and it sought agreement from people at Kogisho (the lower house) who consisted of domain representatives.

• たっぷりのお湯で茹で上げたあつあつの釜揚げうどんをしょうゆやあご（飛魚）だしのたれで食べる「地獄炊き」が代表的な食べ方である。
• The typical cooking way of Goto Udon is 'Jigoku-daki,' in which plain hot noodles boiled in plenty of hot water are served with soy sauce or dipping broth made of flying fish.

• 日本海側気候に属し、冬季は北西の季節風の影響で気温が低く、雨や雪が多くなりやすい（代表的な格言：「弁当忘れても傘忘れるな」）。
• The city falls under the Japan Sea Cost Climate with low temperatures in winter owing to the northwest seasonal wind, and sees much rain and snow (the city has a famous maxim stating 'Do not forget to carry your umbrella with you when you go out even if you forget your lunch box').

• お蔭参りに行く者はその者が属する集落の代表として集落から集められたお金で伊勢に赴いたため、手ぶらで帰ってくる事がはばかられた。
• Because those who went out for okage mairi traveled to Ise on behalf of all the people in his/her village with the money gathered from the villagers, they avoided returning empty-handed.

• この時期の代表作としては五代目尾上菊五郎のために書いた『天衣紛上野初花』（河内山）『茨木』や『新皿屋敷月雨暈』（魚屋宗五郎）。
• His representative works from that period of 'Dan Giku Sa' included 'Kumo ni Magou Ueno no Hatsuhana' (The First Flowers of Ueno) (commonly called Kochiyama, referring to the name of a gang boss called Kochiyama in the disguise of a priest), 'Ibaraki' (referring to the 'oni' demon which was called Ibaraki Doji) and 'Shin Sarayashiki Tsuki no Amagasa' (commonly called Sakanaya Sogoro, meaning the Fishmonger Sogoro) which were written for Kikugoro ONOE V (the fifth).

• 鷹の詳細に精通して、鷹の生態を活写した濃彩の作品を描いており、「架鷹図六曲屏風」（私立敦賀郷土博物館蔵）がその代表作といえる。
• He was familiar with hawks and drew deep coloring pictures that described the ecology of hawks vividly: 'Rokkyoku Byobu' (exhibited in the private Tsuruga folk museum) was his representative work.

• 「重訂解体新書」を越えるベストセラーになり「解体新書」、「重訂解体新書」と並ぶ日本初期解剖学史を代表する訳書として絶賛された。
• The book became a bestseller, which exceeded the sales of the revised edition of Kaitai Shinsho, and, together with the Kaitai Shinsho and its revised edition, the book was highly acclaimed as a leading translation work in the early stage of anatomical history in Japan.

• 倭国の一番南の地にあって（古田の解釈は異なる）、倭国を代表すると漢が認めた国であり、漢によって王と認められた者の住む国である。
• It is located in the southernmost part of Wakoku (it is different from FURUTA's opinion), and is approved by Han as the country which represented Wakoku, where the person approved by Han as a king lived.

• 官位は低かったが『古今和歌集』の時代における代表的な歌人で、「寛平后宮歌合」・「亭子院歌合」などの歌合への参加も多く見られる。
• Although his rank was not high, he was a representative poet during the time of the 'Kokin wakashu' (Collection of Ancient and Modern Poems), and participated in a lot of uta-awase (poetry contests) such as the 'Kanpyo kisai no miya no uta awase' (Empress's Contest During the Reign of the Kanpyo Emperor) and the 'Teijiin Uta-awase' (Teijiin Contest).

• 冒頭部分は自伝性が強い物語風の記述となっており、のちの『和泉式部日記』などに代表される女流日記文学に先駆けた内容となっている。
• The opening lines of the collection is a narrative description with strong autobiographical elements, and it was a pioneer of the female diary literature represented by the 'Izumi Shikibu Diary,' written in later years.

• 明治農法（めいじのうほう）とは、明治時代、近代農学と対比される形で農書に代表される旧来の農業技術を集積・体系化したものの総称。
• Meiji Noho is the general term of accumulation and systemization of the conventional agricultural techniques represented by records on agriculture, as opposed to modern agriculture.

• 代表作とされてきたのは、京都市大徳寺山内の塔頭、一休宗純ゆかりの真珠庵に所蔵される「百鬼夜行図」（重要文化財、真珠庵本）である。
• The most famous one is 'Hyakki yagyozu' (important cultural property, Shinjuan-bon) owned by Shinjuan, one of sub-temple located in the site of Daikoku-ji Temple in Kyoto City and is associated with Ikkyu Sojun.

• しかし、都の衰退と共に、仏教寺院や学識僧が徐々にその担い手として台頭し、その中でも鎌倉五山を中心とした五山文学はその代表である。
• However, with the decline of the capital, Buddhist temples and learned priests came to be responsible for those studies; the most representative of them was Gozan Bungaku (Literature of the Five Official Temples), the center of which was Kamakura Gozan Temple.

• これらの歴史研究の結果、人口に膾炙した歴史像を大きく覆すような成果が多数発表されており、網野善彦などがその代表として挙げられる。
• Because of these investigations of history, many results that are largely different from well-known images of history have been reported: Yoshihiko AMINO is a typical researcher reporting such results.

• 次に、予め引かれた籤の順番に当事者の代表各1名（取手）が起請文を書いて焼いた灰を飲み込んだ後に湯中の石を取り上げて神棚に置いた。
• Next, one representative (termed 'torite') of each party wrote a kishomon (sworn oath), burned it and swallowed the ash, then picked up a stone from the hot water and placed it on the Shinto alter in the order that had been decided by drawing lots in advance.

• 実際、平安時代前期の式部卿は葛原親王や時康親王などに代表されるように政治的な見識の高い実務に通じた親王が補されることが多かった。
• Actually, in the early Heian period, the Imperial Prince with excellent political discernment and business ability, such as the Imperial Prince Kazurawara and the Imperial Prince Tokiyasu were frequently appointed to the Shikibu-Kyo.

• そしてもう一方に、加賀一向一揆や紀伊雑賀などの惣国一揆を代表とする大名の支配を排した地域自治体制、いわば「ヨコの連帯」があった。
• Another was the local government framework which eliminated the daimyo's rule such as the Kaga Ikko ikki Revolt and sokoku ikki including Kii Saiga, what was called 'a sideways solidarity.'

• また同時期書かれた梁の『徳育鑑』や「論私徳」(代表作『新民説』の一節)には、井上哲次郎の『日本陽明学派之哲学』の影響が見られる。
• 'De Yu Jian' and the 'Lun Si De' chapter of Liang Qichao's important work 'Xin Min Shuo', written during this period, show the influence of Tetsujiro INOUE's 'Nihon Yomei-gakuha no Tetsugaku'.

• ヨーロッパの伝承作品として代表的なものに、パハリータ（ココット）、帆掛船（だまし船）、風船、紙飛行機（ダーツ）などが挙げられる。
• Typical European traditional origami includes pajarita (cocotte), a sailboat (trick boat), a balloon and a paper airplane (arrow).

• また、代表的な家紋である「笹竜胆」は北条氏の家紋である三角形が並んでいる「三つ鱗」より古く、日本最古の家紋であると言われている。
• Its most representative Kamon (family crest) 'Sasarindo' (bamboo grass and gentians) is older than 'Mitsuuroko' (three scales in a circle) of the Hojo clan, which contains triangles, and is said to be the oldest in Japan.

• 勢力範囲は山がちではあったが、伊豆を代表する牧草地だった牧之郷を領有し良馬を多数有したため伊豆半島最大の勢力を築くこととなった。
• Although most of the family's territory was mountains and hills, they established the greatest influence in the Izu Peninsula since they had Makinogo, a famous meadow of Izu, and a lot of good horses.

• 弟にはニッセイバックステージ賞を受賞した舞台大道具背景制作者の工藤和夫と元オリンピックグランドホッケー日本代表の工藤明朗がいる。
• His younger brothers were Kazuo KUDO, a stage scenery designer who won the Nissay Backstage Award, and Akio KUDO, who was a Japan Olympic field hockey team athlete.

• いっぽう、3月13日（1868年4月5日）午後には新政府の代表を横浜へ赴任させるよう要請すべくラットラー号を大阪へ派遣している。
• On the other hand, on March 13th (April 5, 1868 in new calendar), Parkes demanded of the new government the assignment of a governmental representative to Yokohama, then Parkes dispatched the ship HMS Rattler to Osaka.

• その12日後、北条庶流を代表する一番引付頭人北条宗宣らが貞時の従兄弟で得宗家執事、越訴頭人、幕府侍所所司であった北条宗方を追討。
• Twelve days later, Munenori HOJO, the first head of the legal office representing the collateral line of the HOJO family, searched out and destroyed Munekata HOJO, a cousin of Sadatoki and an under secretary of the Tokuso family, the chief of suit, and Deputy Chief of the Office of Samurai; Board of Retainers of shogunate.

• 代表的な当代歌人は、鎌倉将軍宗尊親王（67首）、当時の政界の大老・西園寺実氏（61首）、後嵯峨院（54首）ら権門の貴顕であった。
• In those days, representative poets were distinguished people from influential families such as Imperial Prince Munetaka, Shogun of Kamakura (67 poems), Saneuji SAIONJI (61 poems), who was an important person in political circles, and the Gosaga-in (54 poems).

• 代表作は『与話情浮名横櫛』（切られ与三）、『東山桜荘子』（佐倉義民伝）、『新台いろは書始』（のちに改作されて『松浦の太鼓』）など。
• His masterpieces were: 'Yowanasake Ukinano Yokogushi' (Kirare Yosa [Scarface Yosa]), 'Higashiyama Sakura no soshi' (Sakura Gimin Den [the story of a man of righteousness, Sakura]), 'Shindai Iroha Kakihajime' (later revivsed to 'Matsuura no Taiko' [drum of Matsuura]).

• また文人の祖といわれる屈原はその代表作である『離騒』を遺しているが、これは国を守るために志を貫き隠逸したことを詠じた長編詩である。
• In addition, Kutugen, who was called the patriarch of Bunjin, left a representative work 'Riso,' which was a long poem in which he mentioned that he became a recluse sticking to his principles in order to protest a nation.

• 紀貫之の『土佐日記』が書かれたのに続き、清少納言の随筆『枕草子』、紫式部の『源氏物語』など古典文学の代表作と言える作品が著された。
• During this period, works that can be said to be representative of Japanese classical literature were written, starting with the 'Tosa Nikki' (The Tosa Diary) written by KI no Tsurayuki, then the miscellaneous compositions of 'Makura no soshi' (the Pillow Book) by Sei Shonagon, as well as 'Genji Monogatari' (The Tale of Genji) by Murasaki Shikibu.

• 和漢混淆文で書かれた最初期の文学としては『今昔物語』、その後の代表的な日本文学としては、『徒然草』や『平家物語』などが挙げられる。
• The earliest representative work of literature written in the mixed writing of Japanese and Chinese is 'Konjaku Monogatari' (The Tale of Times Now Past), followed by 'Tsurezure gusa' (Essays in Idleness) and 'Heike Monogatari' (The Tale of the Heike).

• そして日本では平安時代に「厭離穢土・欣求浄土」に代表される浄土教往生思想が広まり、海の彼方の理想郷と浄土とが習合されたのであった。
• Then, in the Heian Period in Japan, Jodo sect's thought of 'Ojo' epitomized by its cries, 'abhorrence of (living in) this impure world' and 'seeking rebirth in the Pure Land' became popular and the Utopia beyond the sea was syncretized with the Pure Land.

• 武士身分を対象とした学校は、江戸幕府直轄の学校と、藩が運営した藩校に大別され、その規模、内容共にこの時代を代表する教育機関であった。
• Schools for samurai status were broadly divided into the schools under the direct control of the Edo bakufu and those run by each han (domain); both were educational institutions representing the period in their scale and content.

• 古典作品では『天衣紛上野初花』（河内山）や『近江源氏先陣館』（盛綱陣屋）の盛綱、『競伊勢物語』の紀有常などが代表作としてあげられる。
• His well known roles from classic works include, 'Kumonimago Ueno no hatsuhana' (Kochiyama), Moritsuna in 'Omi-Genji senjinyakata,' KI no Aritsune in 'Hadekurabe Ise monogatari,' etc.

• 下記の内、代表的な作品として知られるものには、赤富士を描いた「凱風快晴」、巨大な波と舟の中に富士を描いた「神奈川沖浪裏」などがある。
• The most representative of these are 'Gaifu kaisei' portraying Red Fuji and 'Kanagawa oki namiura' drawing Mt. Fuji with boats tossed about by a large wave.

• 初期の代表的な役者に初代井上菊次郎や狂言画で有名な伊勢門水がおり、現在では井上家の子孫である井上菊次郎（四代目）が中心となっている。
• The most important actors from the early time of this group include the first Kikujiro INOUE and Monsui ISE, who is famous for his Kyogenga pictures, and at present, Kikujiro INOUE (the fourth), a descendant of the Inoue family, leads the group.

• そのため米を原料とする酒も秩序のないものへと化していき、水を入れて量だけ増した金魚酒に代表される闇酒や薄め酒が横行するようになった。
• Accordingly, sake made from rice turned into something disorderly, resulting in widespread of yami zake (illegal sake) or diluted sake such as Kingyoshu (a type of diluted sake described cynically because it is weak enough to let gold fish live in) which was produced by adding water to increase the volume.

• 代表作は、勝新太郎を主演に起用した座頭市や、市川雷蔵 (8代目)主演の「剣」三部作、眠狂四郎映画版 (1963年-1969年)など。
• His representative movies include Zatoichi starring Shintaro KATSU, the trilogy of 'Ken' starring Raizo ICHIKAWA VIII, and Nemuri Kyoshiro series (1963 - 1969).

• 死蔵期間が長期に渡っていたため、後の説話文学の代表格といえる『宇治拾遺物語』など中世の説話文学に何らかの影響を与えたとは言いがたい。
• Because it was lost for a long time, it is difficult to say that it had any influence on medieval setsuwa literature such as 'A Collection of Tales from Uji,' which is representative of later setsuwa literature.

• 後にこうした国史や中国の『史記』に代表される歴史書の列伝の影響を受けて、個人の顕彰のためにその伝記が書かれる事が行われるようになった。
• By the influence of those histories of Japan and series of biographies of major Chinese history books such as 'Shiki,' biographies used to be written for rewarding individuals.

• そのことから、この一帯を中心にして日本列島を代表する政治的勢力、すなわちヤマト政権の初期の三輪政権（王朝）が存在したと考えられている。
• From here onwards, it is considered that a leading political force in Japan island, that is, Miwa Regime (dynasty), which was equivalent to the early Yamato regime, existed mainly in this area.

• これに代表される金銅仏のほか、乾漆造や塑像が主流であり、金像銀像、石仏も制作され、専仏、押出仏の制作も盛んで、制作技法が多様であった。
• Beside such gilt bronze statues as the Great Buddha at Todai-ji Temple, various methods of producing Buddhist images were used, including the most popular kanshitsuzo (dry lacquer wooden statues) and sozo (earthen images), as well as gold or silver images, stone statues and also molded or extruded clay forms.

• 長男のマキノ正博は従業員側につき、争議委員長としてマキノ本家（同社代表取締役の母・牧野知世子、弟・マキノ満男）との交渉の先頭に立った。
• The oldest son Masahiro MAKINO sided with employees and led the negotiations with Makino family (his mother and representative director of the company, Chiyoko MAKINO, and his younger brother Mitsuo MAKINO) as the leader of strikers.

• 素麺は夏季の麺料理の代表格であり、夏季には各食品メーカーや醤油メーカーから、「そうめんつゆ」と呼ばれる調味済みのめんつゆが販売される。
• Somen represents a summer noodle dish, and many food manufacturers and soy sauce manufacturers release seasoned mentsuyu called 'somen tsuyu' in summer.

• - 「教育基本法改正に伴い愛国心の表現を盛り込む事が、戦前の国家主義的な教育への転換になるのでは」という在日外国報道協会代表質問に対し
• This remark was made in reply to the question from representative of Foreign Press in Japan, 'Will including the expression of patriotism following the revision of the Fundamental Law of Education result in the conversion of the education style to the prewar nationalistic education?'

• 次男・成木太夫・武蔵権守久下直光は義隆と小山行政の娘との間に生まれ、義隆が平家に敗れた後、下野国の代表的な豪族小山氏に匿われたという。
• Second son; Tayu NARIKI and Acting Governor of Musashi Province Nomitsu KUGE were born to Yoshitaka and the aughter of Yukimasa OYAMA, and after Yoshitaka lost to the Heike it was said that he was sheltered by the Oyama clan, the most powerful clan in Shimotsuke Province.

• 代表作に『ビルマの竪琴』『おとうと (1960年の映画)』『野火 (小説)』『東京オリンピック記録映画』『犬神家の一族』『細雪』など。
• His representative works included 'Biruma no tategoto' (The Burmese Harp), 'Ototo' (Brother) (1960), 'Nobi' (novel), 'Record of the Tokyo Olympics,' 'The Inugami family,' 'Sasameyuki,' and so on.

• 昭和38年（1963年）、後に大韓民国でリメイクされるなど吉永小百合、浜田光夫の純愛路線を代表した歴史的傑作となる『泥だらけの純情』。
• In 1963 he directed 'Doro darake no Junjo' (Muddy pure heart) which was a historical masterpiece representing the pure heart films played by Sayuri YOSHINAGA and Mitsuo HAMADA and later remade in Republic of Korea.

• 後漢書は遥か後代の編纂であるが、このことから、1世紀末から2世紀初頭にかけて、倭国をある程度代表する政治勢力が生まれたとする見解もある。
• For this reason, although 'History of the Later Han Dynasty' was complied long afterward, one theory states that the political force representing Wakoku on some level emerged during the period from the end of the first to the beginning of the second century.

• モンゴルを代表とする北アジア・中央アジアの遊牧民においては、中国王朝の「天」に対応あるいは類似する概念として「テングリ」概念が存在する。
• Among the nomads in North Asia and Central Asia represented by those in Mongolia, the notion called 'Tenguri' exists as the comparable or similar notion to 'Ten' (the sky or heaven) of Chinese dynasties.

• そこへ土佐藩ら公議政体派が巻き返しを図り、12日には肥後藩・筑前藩・阿波藩などの代表が御所からの軍隊引揚を薩長側に要求する動きを見せた。
• Furthermore, those in favor of parliamentary regime including Tosa Domain attempted to regain of power, and representatives from Higo, Chikuzen, and Awa Domains requested Satsuma and Choshu to withdraw the army from the Imperial Palace on the 12th.

• その後1872年までにそれまで東京市内にあった1万の籠は姿を消したかわり、人力車は4万台まで増加し、日本の代表的な公共輸送機関になった。
• The 10,000 palanquins that had previously existed in Tokyo City disappeared by 1872, while the number of jinrikisha rose to 40,000, making it the chief form of public transportation in Japan.

• 江戸の荒事の中で隈取が発展する際に参考とされたのが、仁王像などに代表される仏像の誇張された筋肉表現と能面の洗練された表情の表現であった。
• Aragoto (Kabuki play featuring exaggerated posture, makeup, and costume) of Edo referred to Buddhist statue such as Nio Zo (statue of Deva Kings) that expressed muscles and refined facial expression of the noh mask.

• 土佐閥は武市瑞山、坂本龍馬、中岡慎太郎といった有能な人材が維新まで生き残れず、板垣が土佐閥の代表たる政治家として明治政府の中枢に入った。
• While many outstanding people from the Tosa Domain like Zuizan TAKECHI, Ryoma SAKAMOTO, and Shintaro NAKAOKA could not survive into the Restoration, Itagaki entered the center of the Meiji Government as a politician representing the Tosa Domain.

• 夫・専永との間に長女・池坊専好（現・次期家元、華道家元池坊副理事、池坊中央研修学院長）、次女・池坊美佳（現・池坊青年部代表）をもうけた。
• She and her husband Senei have two daughters: the eldest daughter, Yuki IKENOBO (Senko IKENOBO) (currently designated as the next head of the Ikenobo School, former Ikenobo Deputy Director and President of the Ikenobo Center Institute) and the younger daughter, Mika IKENOBO (current Representative of the Ikenobo Youth group).

• 以来、桂は長州の代表として薩摩の小松帯刀・大久保利通・西郷隆盛・黒田清隆らと薩摩・長州でたびたび会談し、薩長同盟を不動のものにして行く。
• As the representative of Choshu, Katsura had since often held discussions with Satsuma leaders such as Tatewaki KOMATSU, Toshimichi OKUBO, Takamori SAIGO, and Kiyotaka KURODA in Satsuma and Choshu, thereby consolidating the alliance.

• 藤原 為時（ふじわら の ためとき、天暦3年（949年）頃? - 長元2年（1029年）頃?）は平安時代中期、一条天皇朝の代表的な詩人。
• FUJIWARA no Tametoki (949? - 1029?) was a typical Japanese poet in the court ruled by Emperor Ichijo during the middle of Heian period.

• 信徒代表として奉行所に呼び出された高木仙右衛門らははっきりとキリスト教信仰を表明したが、逆に戸惑った長崎奉行はいったん彼らを村に返した。
• Summoned to appear before the magistrate on behalf of the Christians, Senemon TAKAGI and others expressed their Christianity, which embarrassed the Nagasaki magistrate even more and he allowed their tentative return to the village.

• 満々と水をたたえる琵琶湖の青と東山連峰の緑の間を可憐なピンクの花びらが帯状に延びる景観は、奥琵琶湖に春の訪れを告げる代表的な風物詩である。
• Scenery in which pretty pink flowers extend like a belt between blue of Lake Biwa with full of water and green of Higashiyama mountains is a typical seasonal feature to announce the advent of spring in Okubiwako (northern part of Lake Biwa).

• 会所は人々に文芸の場と認識されていた、こうした視点から、「歌合」と「連歌」という二つの代表的な文芸を通して、会所のなりたちを見ていきたい。
• Kaisho started to be recognized as a place for cultural activities, and we would like to see the formation of Kaisho through this point of view and through the two representative cultural artworks of 'utaawase' (poetry contest) and 'renga' (linked poetry).

• 代表的な地方豪族をさし、一面ではヤマト王権の地方官に組みこまれ、また在地の部民（べみん）を率（ひき）いる地方的伴造の地位にある者もあった。
• The clans who received the position of Kuni no Miyatsuko were representative local clans; in certain aspect they were integrated into the local offices of the Yamato Sovereignty so that there were some clans that were in the position of Tomo no Miyatsuko in local sense and took control of the common people in the region.

• 帝国議会創設時には、61名が選出された（元老院議官27名、各省官吏10名、民間人9名、帝国大学代表6名、宮中顧問官6名、内閣法制局3名）。
• When the Imperial Diet was first established, 61 of the Chokusen Councilors were selected (27 Genroin gikan [councilors of the Chamber of Elders or Senate], 10 government officials from each ministry, nine ordinary citizens, six representatives from The Japan Imperial Academy, six imperial court councilors and three members from the Cabinet Legislation Bureau).

• しかし、鎌倉幕府が衰え、河内国南部に楠木正成に代表される伊予橘氏（越智氏）などの系統の在地豪族が台頭すると、それに圧倒されて勢力を失った。
• However, as the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) fell into a decline and the local powerful clans, such as the Iyotachibana clan (the Ochi clan) represented by Masashige KUSUNOKI, emerged in the Southern area of Kawachi Province, it began to lose its power, being overwhelmed by such new forces.

• 百人一首（ひゃくにんいっしゅ、故実読みはひゃくにんしゅ）とは、古来の代表的な歌人百人について、一人一首を選んでつくった詞華集のことである。
• Hyakunin Isshu (one hundred waka poems by one hundred poets) is a poetry anthology containing one hundred waka (classical Japanese poems), one each by distinguished poets from ancient times; in the past, it had been called 'Hyakunin-shu.'

• 現在、「スシ」はテリヤキ、天ぷらと並ぶ日本食を代表する食品になっており、日本国外の日本食レストランの多くでは寿司がメニューに含まれている。
• At present, 'sushi' is part representative of Japanese food as well as teriyaki and tenpura, and many Japanese restaurants outside Japan contain sushi on their menus.

• 丸ゆべしの代表的な産地に石川県輪島市が有名になったのは、輪島塗の行商人が携行食として、また顧客への手土産として広まったとの説が有力である。
• According to a widely-accepted theory, Wajima City, Ishikawa Prefecture became famous as a typical production area of Maru Yubeshi because peddlers of wajima-nuri lacquerware carried it as portable food and also as a calling present to customers.

• 古典でしばしば言及される代表的な重ねとして、服喪の際の青鈍（あをにび。表裏とも濃い縹色）、春の紅梅（表は紅、裏は紫または蘇芳）などがある。
• Typical Kasane appearing frequently in Japanese classics are 'aonibi' (blue for both outer material and lining) in mourning and 'haru no kobai' (spring plum red) (red outer material combined with purple or dark red lining.)

• この丹波弁は関西弁に属する方言であるが、一般的な関西弁の使用方法とは若干異なる点が見られ、「～しよった」の使用法の違いはそれに代表される。
• Although the Tanba-ben dialect belongs to a Kansai-ben dialect, its usage differs a bit from that of general Kansai-ben dialect, and such differences in usage are represented by 'shiyotta (did something).'

• 時宗の死後、御家人層の支持を持つ泰盛が幕政を主導して弘安徳政を開始するが、御内人の代表である内管領の平頼綱と対立し、霜月騒動で滅ぼされる。
• After Tokimune's death, Yasumori, who had the support of the gokenin, led the shogunate administration and initiated the Koan-tokusei (political reforms instituted in the Koan era); however, a dispute with Yoritsuna TAIRA (a head of the Tokuso family who was a representative of the miuchibito) led to him being overthrown in the Shimotsuki incident.

• 「恵比寿鮨」なる屋台のすし屋が鮪を湯引きし、醤油に漬けてすしに漬けたところ、大いにヒットして、以降江戸前ずしを代表するタネになっていった。
• When a street stall selling sushi named 'Ebisu-zushi' served sushi topping with tuna meat that was parboiled and immersed in soy sauce, the sushi became quite popular and the fish established itself as one of the major tane of Edomae-zushi.

• 『仮名手本忠臣蔵』（かなでほん ちゅうしんぐら、旧字体：假名手本忠臣藏）は、元禄赤穂事件を題材とした人形浄瑠璃および歌舞伎の代表的な演目。
• 'Kanadehon Chushingura' (written in old character form: 假名手本忠臣藏) is the title of a representative ningyo joruri (traditional Japanese puppet theater) as well as kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors) based on the Genroku Ako Incident.

• 並行複発酵によって醸造されるアルコール飲料は、中国の紹興酒に代表される黄酒や韓国のマッコリ、それに日本酒といった東アジア特有のものである。
• The alcohol beverages produced in the multiple parallel fermentation process are specific to the East Asian countries, known as Huangiju (yellow wine) such as Shaoxing rice wine from China, Makgeolli from Korea, and Japanese sake.

• 絵画における尚信の考え、引いては狩野派を代表する画論としてしばしば引用されるのが、晩年の延宝8年（1680年）に著した「画道要訣」である。
• Gado Yoketsu' (Secret of the Art of Painting), which Yasunobu wrote in his last days in 1680, is often quoted as providing the ideas of Naonobu on painting and as a theory of painting that is representative of the Kano school.

• 長男三島彌太郎は第8代日本銀行総裁、三男の三島弥彦は日本初のオリンピック代表選手、孫の三島通陽は第4代ボーイスカウト日本連盟総長を務めた。
• His eldest son Yataro MISHIMA became the eighth Governor of the Bank of Japan, his third son Yahiko MISHIMA became a member of the Japan's first Olympic team and his grand son Michiharu MISHIMA became the fourth President of Scout Association of Japan.

• 内麻呂は豪族を代表する重鎮として、また孝徳天皇の妃として娘の小足媛を入れ有間皇子を生んでいることから新政権の中枢に入れられたと考えられる。
• It is believed that Uchimaro played a central role in the new government as the leader who represented the local rulers, by marrying off his daughter Otarashihime to Emperor Kotoku (as Princess) who gave birth to Prince Arima.

• 朝廷の代表者である正親町天皇と信長の関係については、織田政権の性格づけに関わる大きな問題であり、1970年代より活発な論争が行われてきた。
• The relationship between Emperor Ogimachi, a representative of the Imperial Court, and Nobunaga is a big issue determining the character of the Oda government, which has been actively discussed since 1970s.

• 代表的な訳語を挙げると、「権利」(rights)・「主権」(sovereign rights)・「民主」(republic) などがある。
• Representative new words were 'kenri (rights),' 'shuken (sovereign rights),' and 'minshu (republic)' and so on.

• 代表的な発生地としては、西からタクラマカン砂漠（中国西部）、ゴビ砂漠（中国北部・モンゴル南部）、黄土高原（中国中央部）の3か所が挙げられる。
• The typical areas where kosa is generated are the following three areas, listed from the in order from the most western, the Takla Makan Desert (located in the western part of China), the Gobi Desert (located in the northern part of China and the southern part of Mongolia) and the Loess Plateau (located in the central part of China).

• 壺焼きは、壺状の調理器の中で蒸し焼きにするもののほか、巻貝の貝殻をそのまま調理器として使う料理法をも意味するが、後者の料理法の代表的な事例。
• Tsuboyaki (literally, cook in a vase) means two things: one is to smother food in a vase-shaped cooker, and another is to use a snail shell itself as a cooker and process the snail, but usually, the latter cuisine is a typical example.

• それによると、藤、桐、鷹の羽、木瓜、片喰の紋がそれぞれ、46の都道府県の約半分、またはそれ以上において「代表家紋」としてランクインしている。
• According to the list, fuji, kiri, takanoha, mokko, and katabami are all ranked as 'representative family crests' in more than half of the 46 prefectures.

• 平安仏画の代表作である奈良国立博物館蔵の国宝・絹本著色十一面観音像は井上馨及び益田孝の旧蔵で、1935年5月20日に重要美術品に認定された。
• Juichimen Kannon-zo (the statue of Eleven-faced Kannon) painted in color on a silk canvas in the collection of Nara National Museum, which is a leading Buddhist painting of the Heian period, used to be owned by Kaoru INOUE and then by Takashi MASUDA and was accredited as an important art object on May 20, 1935.

• 宗円は完成した茶を携えて江戸に赴き、茶商の山本嘉兵衛に販売を託したところ、たちまち評判となり、以後「宇治の煎茶」は日本を代表する茶となった。
• Soen visited Edo with the completed tea and consigned the sale of the tea to a tea dealer, Kahei YAMAMOTO and the tea immediately became popular and, since then, 'Uji no sencha' (green tea from Uji) came to represent Japanese tea.

• ほどなくして、宮古島に首里から20名の警官が来島し、旧王朝以来の島役場「在番仮屋」を訪れて、在番代表の仲村親雲朝諒に、以下のように伝達した。
• Shortly afterwards, 20 police officers came from Shuri to Miyako Island, visited the island office 'Zaiban kaiya' and informed the representative of Zaiban, 仲村親雲朝諒, of the following.

• さらにその上には荘園領主としていくつもの荘園を知行し、また後述の知行国の形で一国の公領もろとも知行する摂関家や官寺に代表される権門が君臨した。
• Furthermore, the powerful groups that executed the chigo right over many manors as a ryoshu of shoen or executed the chigyo right over the entire public land in a province as a chigyo-koku (provincial fiefdom) (described later), typically including Sekkan-ke (the families which produced regents) and kanji (state-sponsored temples), reigned over them.

• 『鎌倉持氏記』は前者の代表で、かつ永享の乱・結城合戦を描くすべての軍記の源流になったことが梶原やその後の佐藤陸の研究でほぼ確定的となっている。
• 'Kamakura Mochiuji ki' is an example of the first type, and it has become almost definite from the research of Kajiwara and later Riku SATO, that it was the basis of all military records that depict the Eikyo Rebellion and Yuki Battle.

• 第1条：日本国政府は今後外務省により韓国の外交を監理指揮するため、日本の外交代表者と領事は外国にいる韓国人とその利益を保護しなくてはならない。
• ARTICLE I: The Government of Japan, through the Department of Foreign Affairs, will hereafter have control and direction of the external relations and affairs of Korea, and the diplomatic and consular representatives of Japan will have the charge of the subjects and interests of Korea in foreign countries.

• 逆に尊攘派の代表と見られた姉小路公知が暗殺される事件（朔平門外の変）も起き、犯行に関与したとみられた薩摩藩など公武合体派の勢力が一時低下した。
• In the meantime, Kintomo ANEGAKOJI, who was regarded as a leader of sonjo party, was assassinated (the Sakuheimon incident); some groups that had worked for kobu-gattai, including the Satsuma clan, were suspected to be responsible for the incident and for a while their authority fell.

• もとより蕎麦は長時間の持ち運びに適さない食物であるが、むかしは蕎麦屋の数が多く、出前の範囲も比較的狭かったために、蕎麦は店屋物の代表格だった。
• By nature, soba does not travel well over a period of time but, in the olden days, since there were so many soba restaurants and, hence, the delivery distance was relatively short, soba was the leading delivery food.

• サイト「日本の苗字七千傑」の「都道府県別代表家紋一覧」には、特に多く使用されている家紋を、都道府県別に10個程度選出して表にまとめられている。
• A website named 'Seven thousand Japanese family names' provides 'a list of representative family crests by prefecture,' in which about ten most widely used family crests in each prefecture are chosen and shown in a table.

• 同書の第一は下記引用の詩に始まるが易姓革命による秦、漢に代表される中華王朝の傾きに対比して本朝の皇統の一貫に基づく、国体の清華を強調している。
• The first chapter of the book begins with the following poem, emphasizing Japan's prosperity based on a continuous imperial throne occupied by a single dynasty and comparing it with downfalls of the Chinese dynasties such as Qin or Han by 'Ekisei Kakumei' (the revolution decreed by Heaven when the incumbent emperor is found lacking in moral virtue).

• さらに1881年、第二回内国勧業博覧会には実に740種の稲種を出品、全国の代表的稲種品種改良家と仰がれたが、翌1882年8月13日に病死した。
• In 1881, he submitted nearly 740 different kinds of rice species at the Second National Industrial Exhibition, and he was recognized and known as the most prominent producer of new varieties of rice throughout Japan; unfortunately he died of an illness in the next year of his participation in this exhibition, on August 13, 1882.

• 逝去に先立つ同年8月、『演劇新潮』（文藝春秋）に発表した『生きてゐる小平次』が絶筆となったが、これが代表作とされ、近代戯曲史上の名作とされる。
• In August, 1924, before his death, Senzaburo wrote his last work, 'Koheiji, who is alive,' on 'Engeki-shincho' (Bungeishunju Ltd.), which is recognized as his defining work, and also as a masterpiece in the history of modern plays.

• この様な見方は海音寺潮五郎の史伝や司馬遼太郎の小説『義経 (小説)』、永井路子の短編小説『黒雪賦』（直木賞受賞作『炎環』収録）が代表的である。
• Such viewpoints are seen in historical novels by Shogoro KAIONJI, a novel 'Yoshitsune' by Ryotaro SHIBA and a short novel 'Kuroseppu' (contained in her Naoki Award winning novel 'Enkan') by Michiko NAGAI.

• 伊福吉部徳足比売の墓跡は国の史跡に指定されるとともに、骨蔵器も国の代表的逸品として重要文化財に指定され、現在は東京国立博物館に保管されている。
• The remains of the tomb of IFUKUBE no Tokotarihime became a national historical site and her cinerary urn is stored in the Tokyo National Museum as one of the major national museum pieces, as well as an important cultural property.

• 彼と共に取り立てられた六角系家臣（元来は彼の家臣）の多くが秀次の直臣となっており、秀次事件で切腹した熊谷大膳、木村常陸介らはその代表格である。
• Many vassals of the Rokkaku clan who were promoted with him were direct attendants of Hidetsugu, among whom Daizen KUMAGAI and Hitachi no suke KIMURA who committed Seppuku (suicide by disembowelment) in the Hidetsugu incident were most well-known.

• この年に朝廷と幕府の間で典仁親王への尊号一件事件が発生したが、信通は朝廷側の代表にたてられ、中山愛親・正親町公明らを伴って江戸へ下向している。
• In that year, the Songo incident (respectful title incident) involving Imperial Prince Sukehito occurred between the Imperial Court and the Shogunate and Nobumichi was appointed as a representative of the Imperial Court and he left the capital to go to Edo with Naruchika NAKAYAMA, Kinaki OGIMACHI, and others.

• 『万葉集』の代表的歌人でありながら正体不明な「柿本人麻呂（かきのもとのひとまろ）」や「額田王（ぬかたのおおきみ）」等は九州王朝縁の人物である。
• `KAKINOMOTO no Hitomaro' or `Nukata no Okimi,' who are famous poets of the 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) and are unidentified are persons related to the Kyushu dynasty.

• 朝廷の武官は左右近衛、兵衛、衛門の近衛兵六衛府を代表とするが、馬寮も武官の一部を構成し、信濃、関東に多くあった「牧」はその馬寮とつながっていた。
• The military officers of the imperial court were represented by Konoehei Rokuefu (Six Imperial Guards) Sayu Konoefu (the left and right divisions of the Inner Palace Guards), Hyoe (palace guard), emon (Outer Palace Guards), and Meryo (the section taking care of imperial horses) formed part of being a military officer, and many 'maki' connected to meryo that existed in the Shinano and Kanto regions.

• こうした臨時雑役は、例えば、造内裏役、大嘗会役、役夫工米、造国分寺役、造一宮役などが代表的であり、当時は、勅事国役や院事国役などと呼ばれていた。
• These temporary tasks included the provision of a service to build a palace, service daijoe (great thanksgiving), yakubukumai (rice tax levied by the grand shrine), building provincial monasteries, and building high-ranking shrines, and the provision of services or rice listed above was at the time called chokuji or inji kokuyaku (tasks or services imposed by the imperial court).

• 渡来人（帰化人）は養蚕、機織り、陶磁器、建築などの先進技術や『論語』に代表される中国文化、文筆・出納などの実務技術をヤマト（倭国）へもたらした。
• These 'toraijin' (naturalized citizens) brought advanced technologies such as sericulture, weaving, ceramics, and architecture, as well as Chinese culture from the 'Analects of Confucius,' practical skills such as writing and accounting to Yamato (Wakoku).

• 代表的なものとしては、1874年（明治7年）の佐賀の乱、1876年（明治9年）の神風連の乱、1877年（明治10年）の西南戦争などが挙げられる。
• Famous rebellions were the Saga War in 1874, Shinpuren Rebellion in 1876, and the Seinan War in 1877.

• 現在の日本においては通常、その中でも、小倉百人一首と通称される、藤原定家撰による新古今期までの代表的な歌人百人について作られた私撰和歌集を指す。
• Presently, it usually refers to 'Ogura Hyakunin Isshu,' one of shisen wakashu (personal collection of poetry) compiled by FUJIWARA no Teika (Sadaie), gathering a hundred tanka (classical Japanese poem in 31 syllables) by a hundred outstanding poets from the 600s until about 1205 when 'Shinkokin Wakashu' (New Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) was compiled.

• 寛政元年（1789年）クナシリ・メナシの戦い（寛政蝦夷蜂起）で松前藩に協力したアイヌの酋長を描いた『夷酋列像』（函館市立図書館ほか蔵）が代表作。
• His representative work is 'Ishu Retsuzo'(A Series of portraits of twelve Ainu chiefs) (owned by Hakodate City Central Library etc.), which shows the chiefs of Ainu tribe, who cooperated with Matsumae Domain on the occasion of the battle of Kunashiri, Menashi (uprising of Ezo [northerners] in Kansei era) in 1789.

• 大江広元が鎌倉幕府政所初代別当に就任するということに代表されるように、家業の文章道におけるライヴァル的存在の大江氏が朝廷の中心から離脱したこと。
• As shown by the fact that OE no Hiromoto assumed the position of the first Betto (secretary) in Mandokoro (government office) of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), the Oe clan who was a rival in his family business, Monjodo defected from the center of the Imperial Court.

• 「古典四書」はいわゆる超古代文書（古史古伝）ではなく、通常の「神典」から代表的・基本的な四書を出したもので、実質は「神典」の言い替えにすぎない。
• Koten shisho' are not the so-called super-ancient documents (koshi koden) but instead four representative and basic literature were picked from the usual 'Shinto scriptures,' and therefore it is just another term for 'Shinto scriptures.'

• 登山も盛んで、代表的な登山口としては京都市左京区修学院から登る雲母坂、滋賀県側の門前町・坂本 (大津市)から無動寺谷を通って登る登山道などがある。
• Hiking is popular, and a famous trail begins at Shugakuin in Sakyo Ward of Kyoto City and goes up Kirarazaka hill; another one on the Shiga Prefecture side begins in Monzenmachi, Sakamoto (Otsu City), and goes up through Mudojidani valley.

• 1921年（大正10年）、日本の絵巻物の代表作の１つである吉備大臣入唐絵巻が、海外へ流出した（同絵巻は現在、アメリカ合衆国・ボストン美術館所蔵）。
• In 1921, Kibinootodo Nitto Emaki, one of the most important emakimono (illustrated scroll) of Japan, flowed out overseas (which is currently held at Museum of Fine Arts, Boston).

• 宣長の代表作には、約35年を費やして執筆された『古事記』註釈の集大成『古事記伝』や、『源氏物語』の注解『源氏物語玉の小櫛』、『玉勝間』などがある。
• Norinaga's most important works are 'Kojikiden,' a book compiling commentaries on 'Kojiki' that took approximately 35 years to write; 'Genji Monogatari Tama no Ogushi,' commentaries on Genji Monogatari; and 'Tamakatsuma.'

• 小回りが利く小型蒸機も国鉄DD16形ディーゼル機関車などに代表される軽量ディーゼル機関車が登場すると、一気に存在価値がなくなってしまったのである。
• Zippy small-size steam locomotives also quickly lost their existing value with the appearance of lightweight diesel locomotives represented by JNR DD16 diesel locomotives.

• これは10巻より成り、神武天皇の時代から、後亀山天皇朝にいたる日本史を代表する500人を選び、画のうえにそれぞれ小伝を加えるかまたは詩歌を掲げた。
• This consists of ten volumes and 500 distinguished people's portraits in Japanese history from the era of the Emperor Jinmu to the era of the Emperor Gokameyama with a short biography or poem above each portrait.

• 生涯わずか9本の映画のうち5本がキネマ旬報ベストテンに入賞し（前半に限れば5本中4本）寡作ながら日本映画を代表する名監督としての尊敬を集め続けた。
• Five out of only nine films in his life won the top 10 of Kinema Junpo, (four out of five if limited to the early years), and he was respected as a great director representing Japanese movies, although he didn't make many.

• 設置された都市の薬種問屋の代表は事前に江戸に集められ、本草学者丹羽正伯の講習を受けるとともに和薬種取締の基準・方法について意見の提出を求められた。
• The representatives of wholesale drug companies in those cities had been summoned to Edo beforehand, where they attended a lecture by Shohaku NIWA, a scholar of herbalism, and were required to submit their opinions on the standards and measures for controlling domestic materials of medicines.

• また21日には外国事務総督東久世通禧から諸外国の代表に対して、徳川方に武器・軍艦の供与や兵の移送、軍事顧問の派遣などの援助を行わないよう要請した。
• On the 21st, Michitomi HIGASHIKUZE, the ministerial governor of foreign affairs, and a representative of the new government, requested the representatives of foreign countries, to refrain from any show of support of the Tokugawa shogunate side; this included providing weapons, warships, the transferring of supporting troops and the sending of military advisers.

• 代表的な画家に、藩士小田野直武（1750年－1780年）、藩主佐竹曙山（1748年－1785年）、その一族佐竹義躬（1749年－1800年）がいる。
• Major Akita Ranga painters were a statesman named Naotake ODANO (1750 - 1780), a feudal lord named Shozan SATAKE (1748 - 1785) and a member of his family named Yoshimi SATAKE (1749 - 1800).

• 当時の倭寇は王直に代表される中国人が多くを占めていたが、明の取締を逃れるために日本の五島列島や平戸島などの沿岸に拠点を構えている者も少なくなかった。
• Chinese, represented by Wang Zhi (王直), accounted for a large part of wako in those days, many of whom made their headquarters on the coasts of the Goto Islands and Hirado of Japan to escape the crackdown by Ming.

• 代表的なものとしては、歴史物語では『栄花物語』『大鏡』『増鏡』などが、軍記物語では『平家物語』『太平記』などが、説話集では『今昔物語集』などがある。
• Typical examples of these include 'Eiga monogatari' (a tale of flowering fortunes), 'Okagami' (the great mirror) and 'Masukagami' (the clear mirror) for the historical stories, 'Heike Monogatari' (the tale of the Heike) and 'Taiheiki' (the record of the great peace) for war chronicles, and 'Konjaku monogatari shu' (tales of times now and then collection) for collections of anecdotes.

• 政体書は、アメリカ憲法の影響を受けたものであり、三権分立や官職の互選、藩代表議会の設置などが定められ、また、地方行政は「御誓文を体すべし」とされた。
• The Constitution of 1868 was affected by the American Constitution, separation of powers (of administration, legislation, and judicature), gosen (mutual election) of government posts, and the introduction of domain parliament were stated and local administration was considered 'shall abide by Charter Oath.'

• 梅酒（うめしゅ）とは、一般的に6月頃に収穫される青ウメをアルコール（ホワイトリカー、焼酎が一般的）で漬け込んだ酒で、日本を代表するリキュールである。
• 'Umeshu' is a liqueur which is popular in Japan and made by steeping green ume (Japanese apricots), which are generally picked around June, in alcohol (normally in white liquor or shochu - distilled spirits).

• 新古今の代表的女流歌人として知られ、藤原俊成に師事して多くの優れた作を残した（彼の『古来風躰抄』は内親王に奉った作品であるという説が一般的である）。
• A well-known female kajin (waka poet) whose work was representative of the 'Shin Kokin Wakashu' (New Collection of Japanese Poems of Ancient and Modern Times), she studied under FUJIWARA no Shunzei, leaving behind many famous works (it is commonly believed that FUJIWARA no Shunzei presented a copy of 'Korai futeisho' [Notes on Poetic Style Through the Ages] to Imperial Princess Noriko).

• 晩年は大正元年（1912年）、狼藉者を無礼討ちにするなど武弁ぶりを発揮、会津弔霊義会の発起人代表を務めたが、大正12年（1923年）齢85で没した。
• In his later years, he exercised his ability as a warrior to slay a rozekimono (ruffian) in 1912 and took the head of the founders of Aizu Irei Gi Kai (Aizu Association of comforting the spirits of the war victims), but he died at the age of 85 in 1923.

• また近年は、日本庭園研究センター（京都造形芸術大学内）代表尼崎博正らと共に近代庭園の空間特質に見られる煎茶的要素に関する研究の為、現地調査を重ねる。
• In recent years, he has been doing a number of field surveys, together with other researchers including Hiromasa AMASAKI, Director of Research Center for Japanese Garden Art and Historical Heritage (in Kyoto University of Design and Art), for the research on the sencha-related factors observed within the spatial characteristics of the gardens of the modern times.

• 以下のことから、漢代から代々中国に朝貢していたのは九州の大王であり、日本列島を代表して中国・朝鮮と交流・交戦していたのも九州王朝だったと考えられる。
• As described below, it is believed that the great king of Kyusyu paid tribute to China for generations since the age of the Han dynasty while the Kyushu dynasty had cultural exchanges with or battles against China and Korea on behalf of Japan.

• 3．の代表例としては、小山政光の猶子となって同盟を結んだ宇都宮頼綱や羽柴（豊臣）秀吉の猶子となってその後見で家督を継いだ宇喜多秀家などがあげられる。
• The typical examples of 3. included Yoritsuna UTSUNOMIYA who became the Yushi of Masamitsu OYAMA and made an alliance with him, and Hideie UKITA who became the Yushi of Hideyoshi HASHIBA (TOYOTOMI) and succeeded the reigns of the UKITA clan under his guardian.

• 海軍においては政治への不関与を命じたものと位置づけるのが主流であったが、政党政治に終局をもたらせた暗殺テロ、五・一五事件に代表される急進派も存在した。
• On the side of the Navy, most thought the rescript ordered them not to engage in politics, but there were some radicals who caused the May 15th Incident, terrorist assassination, that resulted in the end of party politics.

• 安照は小柄で醜貌と恵まれない外見だったと伝えられるが、重厚な芸風によって能界を圧倒し、大量の芸論や型付を書残すなど、当時を代表する太夫の一人であった。
• Yasuteru was said to have an unfavorable appearance--a man of small build with an unattractive face, however, the profound style of his performance overwhelmed the Noh world and he left a lot of treatises and choreographies, and was one of the leading Tayu at that time.

• 代表的な印人伝としては、中国では周亮工『印人伝』・汪啓淑『続印人伝』、日本では中井敬所の遺稿『日本印人伝』や伏見冲敬編『印人伝集成』などが挙げられる。
• As for story of engravers of tenkoku, major examples in China include 'The Story of Engravers of Tenkoku' written by Ryoko SHU and 'A Story of Engravers of Tenkoku, Continued' written by Keishuku OH, and major examples in Japan include 'A Story of Japanese Engravers of Tenkoku', literary remains left by Keisho Nakai, and 'A Story of Engravers of Tenkoku, Corpus' compiled by Chukei FUSHIMI.

• 各地に散らばって隠れ住んだ平家の落人の子孫を自称する武家は大変多く、代表的なものとして薩摩国の種子島氏、対馬国の宗氏、尾張国の織田氏などが挙げられる。
• Heike no Ochiudo (Heike fugitives from the Genpei War) scattered across the country to live their lives in secrecy, and many samurai families that identified themselves as descendants of the Ochiudo included the Tanegashima clan in Satsuma Province, the So clan in Tsushima Province, and the Oda clan in Owari Province.

• 丹羽 正伯（にわ しょうはく、元禄4年（1691年） - 宝暦6年4月14日 (旧暦)（1756年5月12日））は、江戸中期を代表する本草学者である。
• Shohaku NIWA (1691 - May 12, 1756) was a notable scholar of herbalism in mid Edo period.

• 頓阿（19首）・二条為定（14首）・慶運（13首）に代表される二条派の重視に対し、京極派・冷泉派の入集は皆無に近く、選者とその庇護者の態度が知れよう。
• The Nijo group's poems represented by Tona (19 poems), Tamesada NIJO (14 poems), and Keiun (13 poems) were considered important, while almost no poems of the Kyogoku group and Reizei group were collected, revealing the selectors and patron's intentions.

• 代表的な例として東宮居貞親王の尚侍・藤原綏子と密通した源頼定は居貞親王（三条天皇）即位後に既に公卿であるにも関わらず昇殿が許されなかった（『大鏡』）。
• To give a representative example, MINAMOTO no Yorisada, who had committed adultery with FUJIWARA no Suishi, a shoji (principal handmaid) of Crown Prince Okisada, was not allowed to enter the Imperial Court in spite of the fact that he was already a kugyo by the time Imperial Prince Okisada was enthroned (Emperor Sanjo) ('Okagami' [the Great Mirror]).

• 彼らは自分達こそが国民・民衆の代表であるとする意識から、「民党」という言葉を用い、反対勢力を政府官吏と癒着した勢力と看做して「吏党」と呼んで卑下した。
• They used the word 'minto' to call themselves with the consciousness that they were the real representatives of the people, and they regarded their opponents as the group having a cozy relationship with the government officials and despised the group by calling it 'rito' (literally, the parties of the government officials, it is the discriminatory term used by the members and supporters of minto).

• 代表的なものには、歌合・絵合・貝合などがあり、その他にも鳥合（闘鶏）・花合（花いくさ）・小鳥合（こちらは小鳥の品評会）・虫合・前栽合・扇合・琵琶合など。
• Among the most well-known games of monoawase were utaawase (poetry match), eawase (picture match), and kaiawase (shell match), as well as toriawase (bird match) (also known as tokei [cockfight]), hanaawase (flower match) (also known as hanaikusa [flower battle]), kotoriawase (bird bench show), mushiawase (insect match), senzaiawase (plant match), ogiawase (fan match), and biwaawase (lute match).

• 当時の学生は、大半は大学寮内に寄宿していており、代表的なものとして菅原清公（菅原道真祖父）が設立して菅原氏・大江氏の管理下にあったとされる文章院がある。
• Most of the students in those days were resident students in Daigakuryo; a representative example is Monjoin, which was established by SUGAWARA no Kiyokimi (the grandfather of SUGAWARA no Michizane) and under the supervision of the Sugawara and Oe clans.

• 第一條 日本國政府ハ在東京外務省ニ由リ今後韓國ノ外國ニ對スル關係及事務ヲ監理指揮スヘク日本國ノ外交代表者及領事ハ外國ニ於ケル韓國ノ臣民及利益ヲ保護スヘシ
• ARTICLE I. The Government of Japan, through the Department of Foreign Affairs at Tokyo, will hereafter have control and direction of the external relations and affairs of Corea, and the diplomatic and consular representatives of Japan will have the charge of the subjects and interests of Corea in foreign countries.

• しかし、代表作「蘭亭序」だけはせっかく真筆が残っていながら、唐の太宗 (唐)の過剰な独占欲のために陵墓に埋められ、残る機会を失うという不幸に見舞われた。
• The original of 'Lan Ting Xu,' the best known work of Wang Xi-zhi, alone had managed to survive, but faced the unfortunate situation where over-possessive Tang Taizong of the Tang Dynasty had it buried in his mausoleum, losing a chance to remain.

• 茶入（ちゃいれ）とは、広義には抹茶を入れるのに用いる茶器全体を指し、狭義には棗 (茶器)に代表される木製茶器（薄茶器参照）に対する陶磁器製の茶器を指す。
• Chaire, in its broadest sense, means chaki (tea utensils) in general into which powdered green tea is poured, and in a more limited sense means ceramic tea utensils, in contrast with wooden tea utensils (see 'usuchaki' (tea utensils for a light tea)) as typified by natsume (a container for powdered tea).

• 九十九神に代表される古典的な妖怪は、自然が身近にあって始めて現実的なものとして捉えることのできる狸（たぬき）や狐（きつね）や鼬（いたち）であったりする。
• Traditional yokai represented by Tsukumogami can be conceptualized as something that's realistic only by having nature nearby, such as tanuki (raccoon), fox and Japanese mink.

• しかし、「一気に丸かぶりしなければいけない」ということは、海苔の販促として恵方巻を売り出した、「たこ昌」の代表取締役である山路昌彦の作り話とも言われる。
• However, it is also said that the tradition that ehomaki 'must be eaten with one bite' was a story made up by Masahiko YAMAJI, the president of 'Takomasa,' who began selling ehomaki to promote the sale of nori (dried sheets of a type of red algae).

• 相模国の武士の代表として見られていた鎌倉景政（景政）、三浦の平太郎為次にしても、おそらくは親の代からの京武者コネクションによる参加と見てもおかしくはない。
• Kagemasa KAMAKURA (Kagemasa) and Heitaro-tametsugu of Miura viewed as the representatives of the Sagami Province may have participated due to the connection they had with samurai in Kyoto from their parents' generation.

• この時代の代表作として、大治 (日本)元年（1126年）に藤原清衡が発願して作成した『紺紙金銀泥一切経』や平氏一門が厳島神社に奉納した『平家納経』がある。
• The decorative sutras that represent this period include 'Konshi Kingindei Issaikyo' wished and created by FUJIWARA no Kiyohira in 1126 and 'Heike-nokyo' dedicated to Itsukushima-jinja Shrine by the Taira clan.

• 四条河原町交差点周辺が小売業中心なのに対し、四条烏丸交差点周辺は西日本を代表する金融街で、銀行や証券会社が多く、京都の金融・ビジネスの中心地となっている。
• In the area around the Shijo Kawaramachi crossing, business operations are centered on retail services, while, in the area around the Shijo Karasuma crossing, many banks and securities companies are located, making the area one of the largest financial districts in western Japan as well as the financial and business center of Kyoto.

• 幕府は大目付永井尚志が長州代表を尋問して処分案を確定させ、老中小笠原長行を全権に内容を伝達して最後通牒を行うが、長州は回答を引き延ばして迎撃の準備を行う。
• Naoyuki NAGAI, Ometsuke (chief inspector) of the bakufu, interrogated the representative of Choshu to determine the sanctions, and appointed Nagamichi OGASAWARA as the plenipotentiary to deliver the ultimatum to Choshu, but the Choshu side postponed the reply to prepare for engaging the enemy.

• 清楽の代表的な曲には、「算命曲」「九連環（右上の写真の楽譜参照)」「茉莉花 (民謡)」「四季」「紗窓」「売脚魚」「哈哈調」「満江紅」「将軍令」などがある。
• Typical Shingaku songs are 'Sanminkyo,' 'Kyurenkan' (cf. the upper right photograph of the score), 'Matsurika' (folk song), 'Shiki', 'Saso,' 'Baikyakugyo,' 'Hahacho,' 'Man Jiang Hong' and 'Jiang Jun Ling.'

• その成果として『白山草木志』、『北越卉牒』、『紀南六郡志』、『熊野物産初志』『野山草木通志』（高野山）、そして伴存の代表的著作『和州吉野郡群山記』がある。
• As the results of this he authored 'Hakusan Somoku-shi,' 'Hokuetsu Kicho,' 'Kinan Rokugun-shi,' 'Kumano Bussan Shoshi,' 'Noyama Somoku Tsushi,' and 'Washu Yoshinogun Gunzanki,' which was Tomoari's representative literary work.

• 11月1日　千玄室（代表）、秋山虔、梅原猛、瀬戸内寂聴、ドナルド・キーン、芳賀徹、村井康彦、冷泉貴実子の8人により「源氏物語千年紀のよびかけ」が行われた。
• November 1: A group of eight people, led by Genshitsu SEN and comprising Ken AKIYAMA, Takeshi UMEHARA, Jakucho SETOUCHI, Donald KEENE, Toru HAGA, Yasuhiko MURAI and Kimiko REIZEI, made 'an appeal for the thousandth anniversary of the Tale of Genji.'

• 詳細については不明な点が多く、租庸調と並び基本的な税目とであったとする説と基本的な労役は租庸調とは別系統である差科（職役などが代表例）であるとする説がある。
• Many details remain to be clarified, and there are two theories about the zatsuyo (zoyo): one is that the zatsuyo as well as the soyocho (a tax system under the kinden system, or the equal-field system) was a basic tax; the other maintains that the labor to the government was basically provided in the form of the saka (labor allocated by rank, 差科), a major example of which was the shokueki (職役), or the transport of goods), being a different tax system from the soyocho.

• 奈良時代から漸次的に進んでいた文化の日本化が国風文化として結実し、平仮名・片仮名の使用が開始し、『源氏物語』・『枕草子』に代表される物語文学などが花開いた。
• The Japanization of culture that had gradually advanced from the Nara period produced a Japanese-style culture, using hiragana (Japanese syllabary characters) and katakana (another set of Japanese syllabary characters) started and narrative literature, typical examples being 'The Tale of Genji' and 'Makura no soshi' (the Pillow Book), flourished.

• 三省堂の『朝鮮の歴史　新版』では、一進会が1909年に出した声明について、民衆の声を代表しておらず、かつ「会員100万人」も実体のない数字だったとしている。
• In 'History of Korea, New Edition' published by Sanseido, there is an mention that the statement issued by Isshinkai in 1909 was not representing people's voice, and that the number described as 'one million members' was unsubstantial.

• 奈良時代中期を代表する漢詩文の文人としては淡海三船と石上宅嗣が著名であり、いずれかが『懐風藻』の編集にたずさわったであろうと推定されるが、確実な証拠はない。
• OMI no Mifune and ISONOKAMI no Yakatsugu were famous as poets of Chinese poems representing the middle of the Nara period, and although it is inferred that one of them was involved in editing of 'Kaifuso,' there is no definite evidence.

• 一揆の際には農村側に立って先導するような百姓側の代表としての意識の強いものと、支配機構の末端をになう下級官吏の面が強く一揆などの際に標的となる場合もあった。
• Some headmen (nanushi or shoya) had a strong sense of being a representative of the peasants, who led riots on farmers' side, while others became a target in uprisings because of their being the rank and file of the government in direct contact with the public.

• 紀元前から7世紀末まで日本を代表した政権は一貫して九州にあり、倭（ゐ）、大倭（たゐ）、俀（たゐ）と呼ばれていたとする九州王朝説があるが、主張に根拠が乏しい。
• There is a theory of Kyushu Dynasty which says the government representing Japan was located in Kyushu from before Christ to the end of seventh century called Wi or Tawi, but this lacks much evidence.

• 明治維新の際、七世三宅庄市は京より東京へ移住し、和泉流を代表する名手として活躍したが、後嗣に人を得なかったために三宅家は八世三宅藤九郎信之をもって断絶する。
• The 7th Shoichi MIYAKE moved from Kyoto to Tokyo during the Meiji Restoration and was active as a great actor who represented the Izumi school: however, as he did not have any successors the MIYAKE family died out after Nobuyuki Tokuro MIYAKE, the eighth.

• そこに歌舞伎十八番の代表格である『助六』をぶつけたのは、この直後に襲名することになっていた「九代目市川團十郎」に対する彼の意気込みの現れとみることができる。
• He performed 'Sukeroku,' the representative of the eighteen Kabuki repertoire items in this transition period, which shows he might have been enthusiastic about his succession to 'Danjuro ICHIKAWA IX' immediately after the performance.

• 日本史上を代表する経済人として、また初代紙幣頭（後の印刷局長）として日本銀行券（紙幣）の肖像の候補者として過去に何回か挙げられたものの実現には至っていない。
• Although he was floated as the candidate of the portrait for Bank of Japan notes several times in the past as a financial expert representing Japanese history and first head of bill bureau, (later printing bureau), this was not realized.

• 亀岡市の代表駅であり、京都・大阪のベッドタウンとして発展している場所柄、利用客は非常に多く、時間帯によっては、この駅から京都方面への列車が相当な混雑になる。
• Because this is the central station of Kameoka City, which has developed as a bedroom suburb of Kyoto and Osaka, the number of passengers is very large and, depending on the time zone, the congestion on trains bound for Kyoto is relatively heavy.

• 例えば『源氏物語』の代表的な補作である「雲隠六帖」が6巻からなるのも、もとからあった54帖にこの6帖を加えて全60巻になるようにするためだと考えられている。
• For example, 'Six Quires of Kumogakure,' a typical supplement of 'The Tale of Genji,' has six chapters, so it has been considered that these six chapters bring the original 54 chapters to a total of 60.

• 中古三十六歌仙の一人、小倉百人一首にもその歌が収められている、平安時代を代表する歌人である和泉式部にふさわしく、日記のなかに和歌の贈答の場面が頻出している。
• Izumi Shikibu, whose poem is included in the Ogura Anthology of One Hundred Poems by One Hundred Poets, is one of the Medieval Thirty Six Immortal Poets (the thirty-six major poets selected by FUJIWARA no Norikane in the middle of the Heian period), and her diary includes many correspondence of waka (traditional Japanese poems of thirty-one syllables), reflecting her talent as one of the greatest poets of the Heian period.

• 後には末次平蔵の末次船や荒木宗太郎の荒木船に代表されるジャンクにガレオン船の技術やデザインを融合させた独自の帆船が登場し、各地で製造され運用されることとなる。
• Unique sailing ships were subsequently constructed in various places for navigation by applying the technology and design for Galleons to junks, as represented by Suetsugu ships developed by Heizo SUETSUGU and Araki ships developed by Sotaro ARAKI.

• 遣唐使が中止された9世紀末以降、文化の和風化が進展し、漢字を元にして日本固有の文字である仮名が考案され、和歌や『源氏物語』に代表される物語文学が盛んになった。
• After the dispatch of the Japanese envoy to Tang Dynasty China was ended in the end of the ninth century, the Japanization of the culture advanced, so 'kana' (syllables peculiar to Japan) based on Chinese characters was created, and kana helped the spread of 'waka' (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables) and narrative literature exemplified by 'Genji Monogatari' (The Tale of Genji).

• 三の丸尚蔵館所蔵品には狩野永徳筆の「唐獅子図屏風」、絵巻の名品として知られる「春日権現験記絵巻」「蒙古襲来絵詞」、伊藤若冲の代表作「動植綵絵」などが含まれる。
• The collection of the Imperial Collections at the San-no-Maru Museum includes art works like 'Karajishi (Chinese-style figure of a lion)-zu-Byobu (folding screen)' by Eitoku KANO, 'Kasuga Gongen-ki Emaki (a horizontal picture scroll),' 'Moko-Shurai (the Mongol Invasions)-Ekotoba (an explanation on a picture scroll),' both known as famous picture scrolls, and Jakuchu ITO's famous art works, 'Do-shoku Saie.'

• 一般には「地車」と「地車囃子」という音楽とは分かちがたいものであるが、一方で、これも一般には大阪天満宮の天神祭等の代表的音楽として「地車囃子」は定着している。
• Although it is generally difficult to differentiate between 'danjiri' and the music 'danriji-bayashi,' 'danjiri-bayashi' in 'hetari' style (which refers to the performance without the drawing of danjiri) is also generally popular as a representative music at events such as the Tenjin Festival of Osaka Tenman-gu Shrine.

• 社交界で揉まれたウィッテは両国間で秘密とされた交渉途中の内容をアメリカの新聞記者に漏らして恩を売るなど世論工作を繰り広げたが小村は国の代表として秘密を守った。
• Being tossed about in society, Witte rolled out with maneuvering for public opinion such as deliberately leaking information about on-going negotiation, which was suppose to be the secrets between the two countries, to American newspaper reporters in expectation of receiving a favor in return, but Komura kept the secret as a representative of the country.

• また、同じく文政5年の代表作である艶本『閨中紀聞 枕文庫』は、当時の性の医学書・百科事典にして性奥義の指南書であり、同時に、奇書の中の奇書として知られている。
• Furthermore, the representative work in the same year, an Enpon 'Keichu Kibun Makurabunko' was a sexually-oriented medical text and an encyclopedia at that time which was referred to as an instructing book on the secrets of sex and at the same time is known as a fantastic book among fantastic books.

• 明治13年（1880年）、楽人を代表して国歌制定委員となり、同年10月に現在の「君が代」の楽譜案を提出し、同年の11月3日の天長節において初めて演奏を行った。
• In 1880, he became a member of the national anthem committee, as a representative of gagaku musicians, and the committee submitting the score for the present day 'Kimigayo' in October of the same year and he played it for the first time on November 3 of the same year, on the Emperor's birthday.

• 他の後醍醐皇子の地方下向には、多くの場合武士や南朝を代表する公家が随行していたにも関わらず、懐良親王の下向では頼元をはじめ、地位の低い実務官僚が随行していた。
• While warriors and powerful Court Nobles of the Southern Court often accompanied Prince Godaigo when he went to the provinces, Imperial Prince Kanenaga was accompanied by low-ranking governmental officials responsible for practical works including Yorimoto when he went to the provinces.

• 代表作として、句集「那智篭（なちごもり）」、日記「宗長手記」、「宗長日記」があり、ほかに「東路の津登（あづまじのつと）」、「宇津山記」、「宗祇終焉記」がある。
• His representative works are the collection of renga stanzas 'Nachigomori' (Secluded at Nachi); the diaries 'Socho shuki' (The Journal of Socho) and 'Socho nikki' (The Diary of Socho), as well as 'Azumaji no tsuto' (Souvenir of the Eastland), 'Utsunoyama no ki' (Record of Utsunoyama), and 'Sogi shuen ki' (A Record of Sogi's Passing).

• 紀貫之の邸宅で開かれた曲水宴の際に作られた『三月三日紀師匠曲水宴（紀師匠曲水宴和歌）』の序文を書いた凡河内躬恒が「うたのみち」と述べたのが代表的な事例である。
• A typical example is that OSHIKOCHI no Mitsune, who wrote the preface of 'Yayoi mika Ki no shisho Gokusuinoen' (Ki no shisho Gokusuinoen waka) that was made at gokusuinoen (ceremony in the Imperial Court) held in the house of KI no Tsurayuki, said 'uta no michi.'

• 1月15日 (旧暦)（2月8日）、急遽、開国和親を朝廷より宣言した上で明治新政府への政権移譲を表明、東久世通禧（ひがしくぜみちとみ）を代表として交渉を開始した。
• On February 8, the Imperial Court was rushed into declaring the opening of a country to the world and amity, and announcing the handover of the political power to the Meiji Government, and then resumed the negotiation with Michitomi HIGASHIKUZE as its representative.

• これは議会政治とは全く関係なく、「栄華の巷低く見て」という第一高等学校 (旧制)寮歌「嗚呼玉杯」の一節に代表されるように、超然主義の本来の意味に近いものである。
• Schools being transcendentalist had no relation to the parliamentary politics; their transcendentalism was close to what it originally meant, as represented in the phrase 'Eiga no Chimata Hikku Mite (looking down on the flourishing lower world)' of a dorm song of Dai Ichi (First) High School (of the old-education-system) called 'Aa Gyokuhai.'

• そして現在では、遠野物語にえがかれた岩手県の遠野や、水木しげるの出身地でもある鳥取県などに代表されるように、妖怪は観光資源としてや地域活性にも役立てられている。
• Nowadays, yokai is used as a source of tourism in order to revitalize local regions, as exemplified by Tono, Iwate Prefecture, that is depicted in Tono Monogatari (Strange tales of the Tono region in Iwate Prefecture) as well as by Tottori Prefecture, which is Shigeru MIZUKI's home town.

• 六代目 中村 歌右衛門（ろくだいめ なかむら うたえもん、1917年（大正6年）1月20日 − 2001年（平成13年）3月31日）は戦後を代表する歌舞伎役者。
• Utaemon NAKAMURA, the sixth (January 20, 1917 - March 31, 2001) was a kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors) actor representative of the postwar period.

• 2は後鳥羽院より藤原秀能まで、新古今期以降鎌倉時中期までの代表的歌人三十六人を挙げ、その秀歌を十首ずつ選んだものであり、通常「新三十六歌仙」といえばこれを指す。
• Generally speaking, 'new thirty-six major poets' refers to the latter ones which cover the representative thirty-six poets after Shin Kokin (New Collection of Ancient and Modern Poetry) until the middle of the Kamakura period such as Gotoba in and FUJIWARA no Hideyoshi/Hideto, and each poet's ten excellent poems were selected.

• 二代目 中村鴈治郎（にだいめ なかむら がんじろう、明治35年（1902年）2月17日 - 昭和58年（1983年）4月13日）は昭和を代表する歌舞伎役者の一人。
• Ganjiro NAKAMURA, the second (February 17, 1902 - April 13, 1983) was a kabuki actor who is representative of the Showa period.

• やがて、戦国時代に入ると、織田信長に代表される武将たちが、上記に挙げたような大寺院が持つ数々の力や利権を対抗勢力として恐れ始め、徹底的な弾圧を加えるようになった。
• In the course of time, major temples began to be harshly suppressed by busho (Japanese military commanders) in the Sengoku period as typified by Nobunaga ODA, because such military commanders feared above-stated powers and interests held by the temples, regarding them as rival forces.

• また、下田市一丁目の須崎町稲荷神社の一対の神狐、下田市河内の諏訪神社の大型の狛犬、下田市河内・満昌寺の馬頭観音坐像など、彼の代表作の多くがこの時期に作られている。
• Many of his outstanding works had been made during this period, such as a pair of spiritual foxes in Inari-jinja Shrine, Suzaki-cho, 1-chome, Shimoda City, a pair of big stone-carved guardian dogs in Suwa-jinja Shrine, Kochi, Shimoda City, or the seated statue of Bato Kannon (horse-head Kannon) in Mansho-ji Temple, Kochi, Shimoda City.

• ちなみに総領である義久は、歳久を代表とする反秀吉派の家臣達を戦後処理における上方との有利な講和条件引き出し(薩摩、大隅、日向三カ国の所領安堵)に利用した節がある。
• Yoshihisa, the eldest child, seems to have used the vassals who were against Hideyoshi and Toshihisa to obtain advantageous conditions of peace (Shoryo Ando, act of providing authorization for land ownership and guaranteeing feudal tenure, of the three provinces, Satsuma, Osumi and Hyuga) with Kamigata (Kyoto and Osaka area).

• 同年の12月9日 (旧暦)（1868年1月3日）開かれた小御所会議に於いて、薩摩、尾張、越前、芸州の各藩代表が集まり、容堂も泥酔状態ながら遅参して会議に参加した。
• At the Kogosho Conference which was held on January 3, 1868, the representatives of the domains of Satsuma, Owari, Echizen and Geishu gathered; Yodo, although he was late and drunk, attended.

• 以下に、現代において七口の一つとよく称される代表的な口の名称を示し、そこからのびていた街道、口の場所についての情報や現存する地名などについて北から時計回りに記す。
• Cited below are typical entrances often included in Seven Entrances to Kyoto, and are named in clockwise order from the north along with relevant information such as locations of the entrances from which roads extend and the place-names that remain to this day.

• 小林 正樹（こばやし まさき、1916年2月14日 - 1996年10月4日）は「人間の條件」「切腹」「怪談」など多くの代表作を持つ、日本の著名な映画監督である。
• Masaki KOBAYASHI (February 14, 1916 - October 4, 1996) was a prominent film director with a lot of outstanding works including 'Ningen no joken' (The Human Condition), 'Seppuku' (Harakiri) and 'Kaidan' (Ghost Stories).

• 基本的には上記の1.から3.がベースとなるが、部分的には 4.の京の貴族の日記、代表的には藤原定家の『明月記』などから、京での事件などか丸写しされたりもしている。
• The book is basically based on No. 1 to No. 3 mentioned above, but it partly referred to No. 4, diaries of court nobles in Kyo represented by FUJIWARA no Teika's 'Meigetsuki,' and accounts of incidents occurred in Kyo were sometimes copied word for word into the book.

• 「万国公法」とは、国際法学者であるヘンリー・ホイートンの代表的な著作 Elements of International Law が漢語訳されたときのタイトル名。
• 'Bankoku Koho' was the title of Chinese translation of 'Elements of International Law,' which was the representative work of Henry Wheaton, who was a jurist specialized in international law.

• 乙名は元々、村落の祭祀を執り行う宮座（みやざ）の代表者をさしていたが、惣村の結合が宮座での儀式を中心として行われていたことから、惣村の指導者を意味するようになった。
• The Otona originally meant a representative of miyaza (organization of shrine parishioners in a hamlet), which executed religious services in a village; however, as the soson was connected mainly through a ceremony held at miyaza, Otona came to mean the leader of the soson.

• 皇族（三后並びに皇太子及び皇太子妃を除く。）の詠進歌（代表1人。歌に先立ち、親王は「－のみこ」、親王妃は「－のみこのみめ」、内親王は「－のひめみこ」と呼称される。）
• A poem written by a member of the Imperial Family (a representative person, who is not the grand empress dowager, the empress dowager, the empress consort, the crown prince or the crown princess) (Prior to the recitation of his or her poem, the Imperial Prince's name '- no miko,' his wife's name '- no miko no mime' or his daughter's name '- no hime miko' is called out.)

• このように本作品は、南宋院体画の影響を強く受けたものであり、日本の初期水墨画を代表する人物である如拙の筆であることが確実な遺品として、日本絵画史上貴重な遺品である。
• As described above, this work was strongly influenced by Nanso-Intaiga (the Southern Sung Imperial Academy style of painting) and is a valuable piece in the history of Japanese painting as a relic definitely drawn by Josetsu, who was the leading painter specializing in the early stage of ink-and-wash paintings in Japan.

• 他にも尾藤橋、三河橋などに代表される沈下橋の存在や、福知山市施設などでも当時をかたるさまざまな資料が残されており、水害と共に生きてきた市民の歴史を知ることができる。
• Additionally, there is a bridge designed to be submerged during floods, like the Bito-bashi Bridge, Sogo-bashi Bridge, etc., as well as various relics which remain in the facilities of Fukuchiyama City, which tell the history of those citizens who lived with the floods.

• 歌舞伎の色男の代表格「助六」の主人公で「むきみ」の隈取も色っぽい花川戸助六は、現在こそ威勢のいい江戸男として知られるが、もともと上方歌舞伎出身のキャラクターである。
• Sukeroku HANAKAWADO, who was the main character of 'Sukeroku' that represented attractive Kabuki male figure had alluring Kumadori of 'Mukimi' is currently known as strong male of Edo, but was originally a character from Kabuki at Kamigata.

• 豊臣秀吉が関白太政大臣のころ（天正13年（1585年））、当時の当主であった山科言経が勅勘を蒙って地方へ下ったため、庶流であった教利が山科家を代表して朝廷に仕えた。
• While Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI was in the position of Kanpaku Dajodaijin (imperial regent and grand minister) (1585), Tokitsune YAMASHINA, who was the family head of the Yamashita family at that moment, was punished by Imperial order and demoted to a remote province, so that Noritoshi, who was from a branch family, served the Imperial Court, taking over Tokitsune's position as the representative of the Yamashina family.

• なお、「芳賀矢一記念会」は『校異源氏物語』の出版後、目的を果たしたとして解散しているが、「源氏物語大成　校異編」には藤村作が同記念会を代表する形で序文を寄せている。
• By the way, the 'Memorial Association of Yaichi Haga' achieved their goal and dissolved after publication of 'Koi Genji monogatari,' so Tsukuru FUJIMURA contributed a foreword to the 'Koihen (book of comparison), Genji monogatari taisei' in memory of the association.

• 九州説は距離表記が誤っていると考える研究者（「誤記説」、主に東京大学系、白鳥庫吉及び内藤湖南を参照）あるいは榎一雄に代表される「放射説」を取る研究者に多く見られた。
• The Kyushu theory was found among researchers who doubted the description of distance ('the writing error theory,' mainly held in connection with the University of Tokyo; see Kurakichi SHIRATORI and Konan NAITO for details) or researchers who took 'the radial journey theory' as represented by Kazuo ENOKI.

• 関東の独立を掲げた武将で、代表的な怨霊でもある平将門を祭る神田明神は、大手門前（現在の首塚周辺）から、江戸城の鬼門にあたる駿河台へと移され、江戸惣鎮守として奉られた。
• Kanda Myojin-Shine which enshrined TAIRA no Masakado, a renown samurai who sought the independence of the Kanto region and who said to have later turned into a vengeful ghost, was relocated from Ote-mon Gate (The area surrounding the present day Kubi-zuka [Mound of Heads]) to Surugadai to the northeast of Edo Castle which was known as a kimon (Literally translated as the 'demons gate,' which signified an inauspicious direction in Onmyodo [yin-yang philosophy]), and enshrined their as a Shinto deity and protector of Edo.

• 料理では、和風と洋風の特徴の両方を程よく取り入れることをいい、代表例としては、和のあんこと洋のパンを取り入れたあんパンやマグロを使用したカルパッチョなどがあげられる。
• In cooking, it means to adopt the characteristics of both Japanese cooking and Western cooking in a dish; typical examples include 'anpan,' which is a type of sweet bread (Western) with azuki bean jam (Japanese), and a dish of Carpaccio using tuna fish.

• 流水法、八宅法などの多種多様な鑑定法の存在、各流派で採用する鑑定法や主張の相違などにより代表的なものに、以下のような相違が生じていると松平英明、本間五郎は、主張する。
• Hideaki MATSUDAIRA and Goro HONMA emphasized that there are differences of practice produced upon existing various ways of appraisal such as the ryusui (running water) method, the way of Hattaku school, each school adapted different methods giving rise to the following differences.

• その代表は山中定次郎の山中商会・繭山松太郎の龍泉堂・大倉喜八郎の大倉集古館であり、彼等は書画骨董・青銅器・磁器・書籍といったものを中国から購入し欧米に販売していった。
• Their representatives were Yamanaka Trading Co., Ltd. of Sadajiro YAMANAKA, Ryusendo of Matsutaro MAYUYAMA, the Okura Shukokan Museum of Fine Arts of Kihachiro OKURA, and they bought antique calligraphic work and paints, bronze ware, porcelain and books from China to sell to Europe and the United States.

• 袖の平面図の裁断の形状が四角形の場合で、かつ袖の左右の端を全く縫わない場合は、袖丈の長さは袖口の長さと同じになる（お宮参りの「掛け着」などに見られる大名袖がその代表）。
• When the sleeve on the drafting is square and both sides of the sleeve are not sewn like the sleeves called Daimyo-Sode that can be seen in a baby's kimono for its first visit to a shrine, Sodetake, the sleeve depth, is the same as the length of the sleeve.

• 吉光の焼き直しの代表格としては、太刀を磨り上げた名物一期一振藤四郎（いちごひとふりとうしろう、刀）、小薙刀を磨り上げた名物鯰尾藤四郎（なまずおとうしろう、脇差）がある。
• Some of the major quenched Yoshimitsu include the famous sword Ichigo Hitofuri Toshiro, made from a cut sword, and the famous short sword Namazu Toshiro, made from a cut short pole sword.

• ほぼ全ての列車が全線を走破するが、その利用は京都府北部の中核都市である舞鶴市の代表駅である東舞鶴駅と西舞鶴駅が中心で、そのため西舞鶴駅をのぞく中間駅は利用が低調である。
• Almost all trains run the entire line, but most passengers use Higashi-Maizuru Station and Nishi-Maizuru Station, both of which serve Maizuru, a major city in northern Kyoto Prefecture, with the other stations, except Nishi-Maizuru Station, being used by fewer people.

• 2．の代表例としては、藤原能信の猶子として後三条天皇に入内して白河天皇を生んだ藤原茂子や後白河法皇の猶子として高倉天皇に入内して安徳天皇を生んだ平徳子などが有名である。
• As the typical examples of 2., FUJIWARA no Moshi who became the Yushi of FUJIWARA no Yoshinobu and married with Emperor Gosanjo to give birth to Emperor Shirakawa, and TAIRA no Tokuko who became the Yushi of the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa and married with Emperor Takakura to give birth to Emperor Antoku are well-known.

• また、1993年に発売開始となったチルド飲料チルドカップコーヒーはスターバックスなどに代表されるシアトル系コーヒーブームの影響で、缶コーヒーよりも店舗の味わいに近かった。
• Furthermore, chilled-cup coffee put on the market in 1993 was closer to coffee-shop flavors than canned coffee was, through the influence of the Seattle-type coffee boom, represented by Starbucks Coffee.

• 前述の野中広務、京都財界のリーダー格であった京都商工会議所会頭塚本幸一（株式会社ワコール代表取締役）等、政治的には対立しながらも魅力的な人物であったと著書等で記している。
• Above-mentioned Hiromu NONAKA and Koichi TSUKAMOTO (Representative director of Wacoal Corporation), who was a business leader in Kyoto and the chairman of the Kyoto Chamber of Commerce and Industry, wrote in their books and writings that Ninagawa was an attractive person even if they conflicted with each other in a political point of view.

• 明治末以来、藩閥勢力の代表で陸軍に近い桂太郎（長州藩出身）と立憲政友会の西園寺公望（公家出身）が「情意投合」のもと、交互に政権を担う慣例が続いていた（桂園時代と呼ばれる）。
• From the end of the Meiji period, in the Japanese government a conventional power rotation system was implemented under the agreement called 'Joi Togo' (the agreement to take power alternately) between Taro KATSURA (from the former Choshu Domain), who was closely related to the Japanese Army and a representative figure of the domain-based forces, and Kinmochi SAIONJI (from the former court noble), who belonged to the Rikken Seiyukai (a political party organized by Hirobumi ITO, hereinafter referred to Seiyukai) (called Kei-En era after the initial characters of their names).

• 北方系の魚類としては、ニシン、サケ、マス、タラなどがあり、南方系の魚類としてはやや温帯性に属するブリが多いが、代表的な暖水魚であるカツオ、マグロなどはほとんど漁獲されない。
• The northern hemisphere fish include herring, salmon, trout and cod, whereas, among the southern hemisphere fish, there are a large number of yellow tails that somewhat belongs to the temperate zone fish variety but the representative warm water fish such as bonito and tuna are hardly ever caught.

• 国約憲法（こくやくけんぽう）とは、国民代表の会議によって憲法を作成して君主（日本の場合は天皇）に承認させる手続を経る事で国民と君主間の約束事として位置づけられた憲法のこと。
• Kokuyaku Constitution defined laws that were formulated by representatives of the people and approved by the ruler (in Japan's case it would be the Emperor) and this procedure served as a sort of promise between the ruler and his people.

• 室町時代には喫茶の中で唐物に代表される道具を尊ぶ風潮が出来上がっていたが、さらに茶人は道具の「ナリ」（形態）や見所（特徴）に評価の基準を作り、道具に序列を付けるようになった。
• An atmosphere to appreciate tea utensils imported from China had already grown by the Muromachi period, however, chajin, namely men of tea, began to establish their own criterion of their forms and midokoro (characteristics) for ranking the tea utensils.

• 当時攘夷思想によって欧米人を襲撃する事件が多発し、神戸事件や堺事件、京都事件がその代表例であるが、これらの事件は「万国公法」の名の下に外国人を殺傷した日本人を極刑としている。
• At that time, attacks on Europeans and Americans as represented by the Kobe Incident, the Sakai Incident and the Kyoto Incident were frequently carried out by supporters of Joi-ron, but Japanese, who killed or injured foreigners were subjected to capital punishment.

• 当時の代表的な目録は『日本書目志』（1898年）、『増版東西学書録』（1902年）や『訳書経眼録』（1934年）などであるが、その中に書名がみえる国際法関連の書物は多数ある。
• Representative catalogs at that time were '日本書目志' (1898), '増版東西学書録' (1902年), '訳書経眼録' (1934) and so on, and we can find in such catalogs a large number of books related to international law.

• 第二次世界大戦前まで支配的であった万世一系という概念に対する批判・懐疑から生まれたもので、昭和27年に水野祐が唱えた三王朝交替説がその最初のものでありかつ代表的なものである。
• The changes of dynasties theories were born out of criticism and doubt against the concept of the unbroken imperial line which was dominant in Japan before the World War II, in which a changes of three dynasties theory, advocated by Yu MIZUNO in 1952 for the first time, was representative.

• この合戦（「松川合戦」「宮代表合戦」）に関しては、伊達家と上杉家は双方で戦果を強調しており、また時期を巡っても研究者の間でも、慶長5年10月説、慶長6年4月説、混合説がある。
• Both the Date family and the Uesugi family emphasize their accomplishments in the battle ('the Battle of Matsukawa' 'the Battle of Miyashiro Omote'), and there are various theories on the date of the battle such as October, 1600 and April, 1601, or a combined theory.

• それでは、京の周辺ではどうだったかといえば、白河天皇の時代の北面武士のを代表する源季範、源季実、源近康ら文徳源氏は、摂関家領河内国古志郡坂門牧を本拠とし、坂戸源氏とも呼ばれた。
• As a result, MINAMOTO no Suenori, MINAMOTO no Suezane, MINAMOTO no Chikayasu of Montoku-Genji (Minamoto clan) that represented northern bushi of the period of Emperor Shirakawa surrounded Kyoto, and made their main headquarters in Sakamonnomaki, Koshi County, Kawachi Province of the regent family estate, and called as Sakado-Genji (Minamoto clan).

• よって、和泉流は1995年の元秀死去後、能楽に関する決め事については、和泉流職分会 （会長：野村萬、代表幹事：井上菊次郎） における会員合議制を取り、和泉流宗家を置いていない。
• Since the death of Motohide in 1995, Izumi-ryu has not set up Izumi-ryu soke and has decided things relating Noh plays at the council of Izumiryu Shokubunkai (chairman: Man NOMURA, chief-executive: Kikujiro INOUE).

• 西田 幾多郎（にしだ きたろう、1870年5月19日（明治3年4月19日 (旧暦)） - 1945年（昭和20年）6月7日）は日本を代表する哲学者であり京都大学教授、名誉教授。
• Kitaro NISHIDA (May 19, 1870 - June 7, 1945) was a representative Japanese philosopher, professor and honorary professor of Kyoto University.

• 戦前は昭和6年（1931年）神宮皇學館普通科教諭、昭和13年（1938年）國學院講師など委嘱され、戦後は藝林会の発起人および代表者、また神道史学会の設立に中心的役割を果たした。
• Before the war, he was a teacher in the general course at Shingu Kogakkan in 1931, and an instructor at Kokugakuin University in 1938, and after the war, he played a leading role as a founder and a representative of Geirinkai and to establish the society of Shinto historical studies.

• 中でも『伊豆の踊子』と『絶唱』（主演舟木一夫）はいずれもリメイク作品であるが、ともに前作を大きく上回ってヒットし、西河監督の地位を揺るぎのないものにした、まさに代表作といえる。
• Movies such as 'Dancing Girls of Izu' or 'Zessho' (main actor was Kazuo FUNAKI) from above which were remade, became even more popular than the original ones and established Nishikawa's solid position as a movie director, thus these movies can represent Nishikawa's movies.

• 世俗説話には、紀貫之・凡河内躬恒・藤原公任などの才子に加え、和泉式部・赤染衛門・伊勢大輔・選子内親王ら王朝を代表する才媛が登場し、和歌を中心とする宮廷社会の風雅な逸事を集める。
• Characters of the stories of the first part include noteworthy and talented women of the Imperial Court such as Izumi Shikibu, Akazome Emon, ISE no Taifu, and Imperial Princess Senshi, as well as talented men such as KI no Tsurayuki, OSHIKOCHI no Mitsune, and FUJIWARA no Kinto, and many elegant anecdotes based on waka (Japanese poems) are used in the narratives.

• 代表的なものとしては京都においては後の西陣の源流となった大舎人の織手座や祇園社の綿座・錦座、北野社の麹座、山城大山崎の油座、摂津今宮の魚座、鎌倉の材木座、博多の油座などがあった。
• The major za were the orite-za (guild of weavers) in Otoneri, Kyoto, which became the origin of the later Nishijin brocade (high-quality silk fabrics produced in the Nishijin district of Kyoto), the wata-za (cotton guild) and the nishiki-za (brocade guild) which were under the umbrella of the Gion-sha Shrine, the koji-za (rice malt guild) under the Kitano-sha Shrine, the yu-za (oil guild) in Oyamazaki, Yamashiro Province, the uo-za (fish guild) in Imamiya, Settsu Province, the zaimoku-za (guild of lumber dealers) in Kamakura, and the yu-za (oil guild) in Hakata.

• 実際に「大はしあたけの夕立」や「亀戸梅屋舗」を模写したフィンセント・ファン・ゴッホをはじめ、日本的な「ジャポニズム」の代表作として西洋の画家に多大な影響を与えたシリーズでもある。
• As a practical matter, as a representative work of very Japanese 'Japonism,' it is a series that cast a large influence on western painters such as Vincent van Gogh, who replicated 'Great Bridge, Sudden Shower at Atake' and 'The Plum Orchard at Kameido.'

• 代表的な地名起源説としては、「いひとよ」は古語でフクロウであり、おそらくはフクロウの住む山という意味で「いひとよ山」といったのが後世に訛って「いいで山」になったというものである。
• As a typical theory of the origin of place name, 'ihitoyo' meant an owl in ancient words and probably in the sense of the mountain where owls live, 'ihitoyo yama' changed to 'iide yama' in later years.

• 市の代表駅は、宮津駅（北近畿タンゴ鉄道北近畿タンゴ鉄道宮津線・北近畿タンゴ鉄道宮福線）であるが、観光の拠点としての中心となるのは、むしろ天橋立駅（北近畿タンゴ鉄道宮津線）である。
• The Miyazu Station (the Kitakinki Tango Railway Miyazu Line and the Kitakinki Tango Railway Miyafuku Line) is the main train station in the city, but, for tourism, the Amanohashidate Station (the Kitakinki Tango Railway Miyazu Line) is the center.

• 道具として代表的なものが鳶口でありこの事からも町火消（延焼家屋を曳き倒すときに使う）、梯子乗り（梯子を支えるのに使う）、木遣り（木をやりまわすのに必要）とは不可分であると言える。
• The main tool used by tobishoku was tobiguchi (a firefighter's hook), meaning that it is linked to machihikeshi or fire brigade (used when demolishing fire-spread houses), hashigonori or ladder-top performers (used when supporting the ladder) or kiyari or heavy load pullers (used when carrying the log).

• これらを主導していた人物は元・鳥取藩家老で元・米子城主の荒尾成勲、坂口平兵衛 (初代)、遠藤春彦、小西清太、野坂茂三郎、小倉直人、門脇重雄などの米子地方を代表する名士達であった。
• The leaders of the movement were former chief retainers of Tottori Domain and a castellan of Yonago-jo castle, 荒尾成勲, Heibei SAKAGUCHI (founder), Haruhiko ENDO, 清太 KONISHI, Mosaburo NOSAKA, 小倉直人 and Shigeo KADOWAKI, and they were prominent figures in Yonago district.

• これに伴い、戦国大名にとっては、戦国時代から始まるとして世界遺産にも指定された石見銀山に代表されるように、領内にある金山・銀山の運営が、軍資金の調達のために戦略的な重要性を増した。
• As a result, for sengoku daimyo, operation of gold and silver mines in the territory increased their strategic importance as a means to raise war funds as represented by Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine which was designated a World Heritage as commenced in the Sengoku Period.

• 「神さび」という言葉に代表されるように、古いものや老いたものは、それだけで神聖であり神々しいとされてきた価値観も、妖怪（九十九神）が古い物や長く生きた物の憑き物という解釈と重なる。
• As typified by the word 'kamusabi' (to behave like a god), the view that things that are old or aged are sacred and god-like just for being old and aged, overlaps with the interpretation that yokai (Tsukumogami - god of great age and experience) is an aged object or something that lived for a long time that has become possessed.

• 文楽の演者らで作る福利厚生団体・『むつみ会』の元代表理事・豊竹十九大夫（とよたけ とくたゆう）が、同会の資金資金約5,000万円を、銀行口座から不正に引き出していたことが発覚した。
• It was exposed that Tokutayu TOYOTAKE, a former head director of the welfare group of bunraku performers 'Mutsumi kai,' unduly withdrew 50 million yen of the group's fund from the bank account.

• 三玲が作庭した庭は、力強い石組みとモダンな苔の地割りで構成される枯山水庭園が特徴的であるとされ、代表作に、東福寺方丈庭園、光明院庭園、大徳寺山内瑞奉院庭園、松尾大社庭園などがある。
• The gardens Mirei performedlandscape architecture on was the Karesansui Garden (dry landscape garden) with strong stone foundation and modern-style allotment of land by moss, and his representative works include the Garden of the Hojo (Hall of an Abbot) in Tofuku-ji Temple, the garden of Komyo-in Temple, the garden of Zuiho-in Temple within the grounds of Daitoku-ji Temple, and the garden of the Matsuo-taisha Shrine.

• 選挙には長女・由紀の夫で元大蔵省官僚の池坊雅史が出馬した（落選）ことから、当時の新進党から比例代表制（名簿1位）からの出馬要請があり、1996年の第41回衆議院議員総選挙で初当選。
• After Masafumi IKENOBO, the husband of her eldest daughter Yuki, who formerly worked as a government official in the Finance Ministry, was defeated in an election, Yasuko IKENOBO was requested by the then New Frontier Party to run as a candidate for a proportional representation election (ranked first on the list of candidates) and she was elected as a representative for the first time in 1996 in the 41st general election of the members of the House of Representatives.

• 代表的事例として、甲府城下町の整備と平行して行われた御勅使川と釜無川の合流地点である竜王（旧中巨摩郡竜王町、現甲斐市）では信玄堤と呼ばれる堤防を築き上げ、河川の流れを変え開墾した。
• In Ryuo where Midai-gawa River and Kamanashi-gawa River joined together (Formerly, Ryuo-cho, Nakakoma-gun, present day Kai City), banks called Shingen tsutsumi (banks of the river) were established to divert the course of the river for cultivation while the castle town in Kofu, was developed, which was an excellent example of flood prevention projects.

• この決定に対し、翌日の外国公使との交渉の席でさらに激しい抗議が行われ、英国公使ハリー・パークスらと大隈重信ら政府代表者たちは六時間にもわたって浦上の信徒問題を議論することになった。
• Negotiations with foreign ministers on the following day saw more fierce protests against the decision of the conference, with the discussion on the Urakami Christian problem between the British minister, Harry PARKES, and others and government representatives, including Shigenobu OKUMA, lasting more than six hours.

• 在庁官人はあるときは田堵負名層の利益代表として反乱側に、またあるときは朝廷・国衙ラインの権力を保証する戦士として田堵負名層を制圧する側に立ち、地域における実権を構築していったのである。
• Zaichokanjin took the side of the tato and fumyo classes representing their interests, and other times they took the side of those who oppressed tato and fumyo classes as soldiers to ensure the power of the imperial court and kokuga, and came to have the actual power in the local regions.

• 平安最末期に関東武士全体を代表する鎌倉殿という地位が登場すると、御恩と奉公に基づく主従関係は、次第に排他的（鎌倉殿以外の主人を持たない）かつ永続的なものとなり、一層強固になっていった。
• Towards the end of the Heian period when the position heading all samurai in the Kanto region, called Kamakura-dono, was introduced, the master-servant relationship based on goon and hoko gradually became exclusive (not allowed to have any master other than the kamakura-dono) and permanent, making the relationship stronger.

• 中国では古くより日本列島の人々・政治勢力を総称して倭と呼んでいたが、古墳時代に倭を「やまと」と称したことは、「やまと」の勢力が日本列島を代表する政治勢力となっていたことの現れとされる。
• The people or political force in the Japan Islands was called 倭 by China in ancient times, and 倭 was called Yamato in the Kofun period because the political force of 'Yamato' became the main political force in the Japan Islands.

• 1995年、十三世宗家和泉元秀の死去後、和泉流は宗家を定めておらず、能楽に関する決め事については、和泉流職分会 （会長：野村萬、代表幹事：井上菊次郎） における会員合議制を取っている。
• Since the death of the 13th Soke Motohide IZUMI in 1995, the Izumi school does not have Soke, and decisions regarding Nogaku (Noh and Kyogen) are made by a membership council system called Izumi-ryu shokubunkai (Chair: Man NOMURA, Secretary: Kikujiro INOUE).

• 『八犬伝』は江戸時代の戯作文芸の代表作の一つであり、大衆文化への影響力も大きなものであったが、江戸読本への文学的評価の低さもあいまって、長らく文学研究の主要な対象とはされてこなかった。
• 'Hakkenden' is a leading gesaku during the Edo period and has such a great influence on popular culture, but it has not been treated as a major subject of literary study for a long time due to the low literary evaluation of Yomihon during the Edo period.

• 12月17日の国葬では、参列する駐日ロシア大使とは別にロシア大使館付武官のヤホントフ少将が直に大山家を訪れ、「全ロシア陸軍を代表して」弔詞を述べ、ひときわ目立つ花輪を自ら霊前に供えた。
• In the state funeral held on December 17, the Major General Yahontov, a military officer attached to the Russian Embassy, visited the Oyama family in person, apart from the attending Russian ambassador in Japan, to deliver a condolence speech 'representing the entire Russian army,' and placed an exceptionally predominant wreath on the altar by himself.

• 土佐光起（とさ みつおき、元和 (日本)3年10月23日 (旧暦)（1617年11月21日）-元禄4年9月25日 (旧暦)（1691年11月14日））は、江戸時代の土佐派を代表する絵師。
• Mitsuoki TOSA (November 21, 1617 - November 14, 1691) was a leading painter in the Tosa school in the Edo period.

• この搬出は当時の日本陸軍が主力装備としていたスナイドル銃の弾薬製造設備の大阪への搬出が主な目的であり、山県有朋と大山巌という陸軍内の長閥と薩閥の代表者が協力して行われた事が記録されている。
• The main object of the carrying out was to transfer the production equipment of ammunition for Snider rifles, which were the main weapon of the Japanese Army in those days, to Osaka; according to a record, it was led by Aritomo YAMAGATA and Iwao OYAMA, the leaders of the Choshu faction and the Satsuma faction in the Army, in cooperation with each other.

• 遠州流は武家茶道の代表とも言える流儀で、武野紹鴎・千利休と発展した質素で内省的な「わび」「さび」の茶道に、古田重然を経て小堀政一独特の美意識を加えた「綺麗さび」と呼ばれる茶風を特徴とする。
• Enshu school is a school of tea ceremony that can be said to represent the samurai tea ceremony; it features a style called 'kirei-sabi' (pure elegance), which is a synthesis of the austere and introspective way of tea incorporating 'wabi' (simplicity) and 'sabi' (elegance) developed by Joo TAKENO and SEN no Rikyu, and Masakazu KOBORI's original aesthetic sense, as influenced by Shigenari FURUTA.

• 社会政策学会における添田は、「主従の情誼」や家族主義・温情主義に基づく政策を唱道する最右派とされ、先述の第1回大会でもより急進的な部分を代表する高野岩三郎・福田徳三からの批判を受けている。
• He was thought to be one of members of the right wing at the Society for the Study of Social Policy as he proposed policies based on a master-pupil relationship, familism, and paternalism, and he was criticized by extremists such as Iwasaburo TAKANO and Tokuzo FUKUDA in the above-mentioned first meeting.

• このため、頼山陽の『日本外史』を含めて幕末期まで流布した慶長6年4月26日の「松川合戦」の内容と経緯と、『伊達治家記録』や伊達家文書が記録する慶長10年6日の「宮代表合戦」の内容を併記する。
• For that reason, this article includes both: the outline and details of 'the Battle of Matsukawa' on April 26, 1601 which was mentioned in 'Nihon Gaishi (history book on Japan)' written by Sanyo RAI and circulated up to the end of the Edo period, and the outline of 'the Battle of Miyashiro Omote' on 6th in 1605 which was recorded in 'Date chika kiroku (historical record of the Sendai clan)' and in the documents on the Date family.

• 現在、祇園甲部芸妓組合の会長に就任しているのは芸妓で井上流名取である小富美で、ほかにまめ晃、斗美千代、豆爾、まめ鶴、小萬、小鈴、豆弘、豆花、山口小喜美、照古満、寿々葉など代表的な芸妓らがいる。
• The current chairperson of the Gion Kobu Geisha Association is Kofumi, who received a name from the Inoue School of Dance; other known geisha include Mameko, Tomichiyo, Mameni, Mametsuru, Koman, Kosuzu, Mamehiro, Mamehana, Mameka, Kokimi YAMAGUCHI, Terukoma and Suzuha.

• 明治維新の際には別子銅山を接収しようとした新政府代表の川田小一郎に対し「銅山経営を経験のない者に任せると、利益なく国家の大損失となる」と、経営を引き続き住友に任せるよう説得しこれを認めさせた。
• In the Meiji restoration, he persuaded Koichiro KAWADA, the representative of new government trying to take over Besshidozan Copper mine to continuously entrust its business operation to Sumitomo and let them admit it, saying that 'entrusting the operation of copper mine to an inexperienced person would cause big loss of the nation without profit.'

• 15歳の時に歌合（「千五百番歌合」）への参加を許されて『新古今和歌集』などの勅撰和歌集に収められるなど当代を代表する歌人の一人でもあり、また琵琶に優れていたなど才気に溢れた人物として知られた。
• He was a renowned person of enormous talent, as a waka poet representing the era and was allowed to participate in the Uta-awase ('Sengohyaku ban Uta-awase' - One thousand and five hundreds Set of Poetry Match) at the age of 15 and his poems were included in chokusen wakashus (anthologies of Japanese poetry compiled by Imperial command) including 'Shinkokin Wakashu' (New Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry), and was a virtuoso player of the biwa (Japanese lute).

• 1．の代表例としては、足利義満の猶子となった満済や皇位継承の箔付けのために後小松上皇の猶子となった伏見宮彦仁王（後花園天皇）、そして近衛前久の猶子として関白に就任した豊臣秀吉などがあげられる。
• The typical examples of 1. include Mansai who became the Yushi of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, Prince Hikohito of Fushimi no miya (Emperor Gohanazono) who became the Yushi of the retired Emperor Gokomatsu in order to add dignity for his succession to the Imperial Throne, and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI who became Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) as the Yushi of Sakihisa KONOE.

• 従って、弥生時代前期前半より以前に（夜臼式土器に代表されるような刻目突帯文土器と総称される一群の土器形式に示された）水稲農耕技術を伴う社会が（少なくとも北部九州地域には）成立していたとされる。
• Therefore, a society with rice-paddy cultivation techniques (at least in northern Kyushu) existed before the first half of the early Yayoi period (Shown in a form of earthenware called Kizamimetottaimon earthenware such as Yusu earthenware.)

• このままでは朝鮮の近代化はおぼつかないと感じた金玉均・朴泳孝・徐載弼らの開化派（独立党）人士らは福澤諭吉や大隈重信をはじめ一足先に近代化を果たした日本の政財界の代表者達に接触し、交流を深めてゆく。
• Members of the Korean Progressive group (Independent Party) such as Ok-gyun KIM, Yong-hyo PAK and Jae-pil SEO, who thought that modernization might not be attained if Korea stayed as it was, contacted Yukichi FUKUZAWA, Shigenobu OKUMA and some of the key people in the political and business world in Japan that succeeded in modernization earlier and deepened their friendship.

• タラス河畔の戦いに代表されるように、西方で匹敵するイスラーム帝国と軍事的衝突や交易など交渉があったが、唐朝はかつての秦漢帝国と異なり、その天下概念には匈奴のような対等国は基本的には存在しなかった。
• Although the Tang dynasty had military clashes with the Islamic empire (Caliphate) at the west front such as the Battle of Talas or negotiations including trade, its notion of Tenka, unlike that of the Qin and Han empires, did not include the nations which stood on an equal footing with it, such as Xiongnu.

• 同年6月3日、幕府を代表した足利義詮が広義門院へ上皇の代理を申し入れたが、広義門院は三上皇・親王の拉致に全くなすすべなかった幕府及び公家たちに強い不信感をあらわにし、義詮の申し出を完全に拒否した。
• On June 3, 1351, Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, the bakufu representative, offered Kogimonin a position as the representative of the Retired Emperor, but Kogimonin expressed deep distrust for the bakufu and Court nobles, who had been unable to do anything when the three retired emperors and the Imperial prince were abducted, and she completely rejected Yoshiakira's offer,

• 後者の代表として、JR東日本は新幹線規格（フル規格）の線路を新規に建設することなく、既存の在来線を改良し、専用の車両を新造したうえで、新幹線と在来線が直通運転できるようにしたミニ新幹線を整備した。
• As a typical example, JR East introduced mini-Shinkansen lines in the following way, without constructing new railways meeting Shinkansen specifications (full specifications): Existing regular railways were modified, new train-cars dedicated for the railways were manufactured and these trains were enabled for operation through both Shinkansen lines and regular railway lines.

• この時期の作品は、ほとんど前衛的とすら言える一貫した独自のスタイルに貫かれ、近づきがたい印象さえ一部の人間に与えているが、一般には松竹映画を代表する「ユーモアとペーソスの映画監督」として知られた。
• His work in this period has a distinct style that can almost be considered avant-garde and difficult to approach for some, but in general, he was known as 'a movie director with humor and pathos' and a major Shochiku movie director.

• このままでは朝鮮の近代化はおぼつかないと感じた金玉均・朴泳孝・徐載弼らの開化派（独立党）人士らは、福澤諭吉や大隈重信をはじめ一足先に近代化を果たした日本の政財界の代表者達に接触し、交流を深めてゆく。
• Ok-gyun KIM, Yong-hyo PAK, and Jae-pil SEO of the Progressive Party (Independent Party), who had doubts about the modernization of Korea under this situation, reached the political and financial leaders of the early-modernized Japan, including Yukichi FUKUZAWA and Shigenobu OKUMA, and deepened exchanges with them.

• 厳密にいえば、中華文明圏などでは穀物の粉から作った「練り餅（ねりもち・日本においては、菓子に代表される餅」しか存在しないが、日本には「搗き餅」と「練り餅」という製法も材料も違う2種類の餅が存在する。
• To be strict, in areas such as the Chinese cultural zone, there is only 'neri-mochi (kneaded mochi) which is the kind of mochi represented by those as cakes in Japan,' however, there are two types of mochi, 'tsuki-mochi' and 'neri-mochi' in Japan whose production methods and materials are different from those of each other.

• 翌年の清盛による後白河法皇幽閉とその後の高官追放の影響を受けて参議に昇進、以仁王の乱追討・福原京遷都ではいずれも平家とともに賛成を唱え、摂関家の九条兼実やその周辺（代表格が藤原定家）と対立している。
• As a result of the confinement of the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa and the exile of high officials by Kiyomori the following year, Michichika was promoted to Sangi (councillor), and, together with the Taira family, he expressed his approval of disposing Prince Mochihito and transfer of the capital to Fukuhara-kyo and confronted Kanezane KUJO of the Sekkan-ke (the families which produced regents) and his cronies (representative one is FUJIWARA no Teika).

• 天目茶碗の代表的な物として、現在の福建省建甌市（元の建甌県）にある建窯で作られた建盞（けんさん）と呼ばれるものや、江西省吉安県にある吉州窯で作られた玳皮盞（たいひさん）/鼈盞（べつさん）が挙げられる。
• Representative Tenmokujawan are products called Kensan, which were produced at Ken kiln located in Jianou City (former Jianou Prefecture), Fujian Province, and those called Taihisan/Bessan, which were produced at Kisshu kiln located in Jian Prefecture, Jiangxi Province.

• 京都へ向かう天皇の行列は2名の陸軍大尉を先頭に賢所の神鏡を奉安した御羽車、昭和天皇の乗る6頭立て馬車・香淳皇后の乗る4頭立て馬車・皇族代表・内大臣（牧野伸顕）・内閣総理大臣（田中義一）の馬車と続いた。
• The parade of the Emperor heading to Kyoto consisted of two army captains at the head, following a palanquin which the divine mirror of Kashikodokoro (Imperial Sanctuary) enshrined, a coach-and-six which Emperor Showa rode, a coach-and-four which Empress Kojun rode, a coach of the Naidaijin (minister of the center) (Nobuaki MAKINO), a representative of royal family, and the Prime Minister (Giichi TANAKA).

• なお、荘園内における地頭と領家の紛争において、和与の条件として下地中分に代表される下地（土地）・上分（得分・収益）の中分が行われる場合（折半もしくは12の分割）を特に和与中分（わよちゅうぶん）と呼ぶ。
• The case where chubun (division) of shitaji (land) and/or jobun (profit), such as shitaji chubun, is performed as a condition for wayo in the conflict between jito and ryoke (virtual proprietor of manor) within the manor (division into 2 or 12 parts) is specifically referred to as wayo chubun.

• 中世後期に入ると、下記（世阿弥『風姿花伝』別紙口伝）に代表されるように「家学」そのものの継承を優先として血縁者ではなくても教えに忠実な門人が継ぐ場合でも結果的には「家学」は守られるという考え方も生じた。
• In the late medieval period an idea came about that 'kagaku' was consequently upheld even when it was inherited, not by relatives, but by pupils who were committed to the doctrine with a view to giving priority to the inheritance of 'kagaku' itself, as represented as follows ('Fushikaden' [The Flowering Spirit] Besshi Kuden [a separate secret teaching] written by Zeami).

• 竹本は、近松門左衛門の代表作として有名な『曽根崎心中』が、世間に広く知れ渡るようになり、それを機に竹本が引退するのを竹田出雲が留まらせ、宝永2年（1705年）にこの脚本を担当したのが作品の始まりである。
• Takemoto (the famous chanter who established Gidayu-bushi) intended to retire after 'Sonezaki Shinju' (The Love Suicides at Sonezaki), a masterpiece of Monzaemon CHIKAMATSU, became popular and well known, but Izumo TAKEDA persuaded him not to, and wrote a script for this play in 1705; this is how the play was produced.

• また、原典に忠実な翻訳以外に、橋本治の『窯変源氏物語』に見られる大胆な解釈を施した意訳小説や、大和和紀の漫画『あさきゆめみし』や小泉吉宏の漫画『まろ、ん』を代表とした漫画作品化などの試みもなされている。
• In addition to translations true to the original text, various freely translated novels making radical interpretations were written, as represented by 'The Tale of Yohen Genji' by Osamu HASHIMOTO, and some have tried to turn it into a manga comic like 'Asaki Yume mishi (Not Having a Dream)' by Waki YAMATO and 'Maro,' by Yoshihiro KOIZUMI.

• 具体的には、「いざ鎌倉」などに代表される緊急時の軍役、内裏の警護である大番役、幕府の警護である大番役、後の元寇の頃には異国警固番役や長門警固番役という形で行われ、また関東御公事と言われる経済負担もあった。
• Specifically, there was military service during emergencies such as 'Iza, Kamakura' (mobilization to Kamakura at the time of emergency), Obanyaku (the job of guarding Kyoto) to protect for dairi (Imperial Palace) or bakufu, Ikokukeigobanyaku and Nagato keigoban during later Mongol invasions, and Kanto-mikuji which was an economic burden.

• 1世紀中葉になると北部九州（博多湾沿岸）にあったとされる倭奴国が後漢へ朝貢している（『後漢書』）が、これは北部九州における倭人の政治集団の統合が進み、その代表として倭奴国が後漢へ遣使したと考えられている。
• In the middle of the first century, 倭奴国, which is thought to have been located in northern Kyushu (the coast of Hakata Bay), paid tribute to the Later Han Dynasty ('Gokanjo' (Historical records of the Later Han Dynasty)), which is thought to indicate that Wajin political groups in Northern Kyushu were consolidated and 倭奴国 sent an envoy to the Later Han Dynasty as the representative.

• その間も研究を重ねて、明治31年（1898年）には、代表作となる『日本商業史』・『日本工業史』を相次いで刊行、明治35年（1902年）には、両書によって文学博士を授与されて、歴史学者としての地位を築いた。
• In the meantime, he continued his studies and published his best-known works—first 'Nihon Shogyoshi' (History of Japanese commerce) and then 'Nihon Kogyoshi' (History of Japanese industry)—in 1898; in recognition of these works, he was awarded the title of Doctor of Literature in 1902, which helped establish his position as a historian.

• またそれ以外にも、多くの先人の説を伝書にまとめて後代に残したほか（『巻子本宗節筆音曲伝書』など）、細川家に伝来した『元亀慶長能聞書』に宗節の芸談が記されるなど、室町後期を代表する名人としてその名を残した。
• He gained a name for himself as one of the most distinguished artists of the late Muromachi period by compiling many of the theories of his forerunners in works such as 'Kansubon Sosetsu Hitsu Onkyoku Densho' (Scrolled book of Noh melodies by Sosetsu) for posterity, appearing in Sosetsu's talk about the secrets of the arts in 'Genki Keicho Noh Bunsho' (the Book of Noh during the Genki and Gencho periods), which was traditionally an heirloom of the Hosokawa family, and so on.

• 長浜三年寄（ながはまさんどしより）とは、豊臣秀吉の命を受け長浜城下町（49町・10組）を整備した町人衆のうち、組を代表する町年寄の十家が長浜十人衆と呼ばれており、そのうち更に有力であった三家のことである。
• Nagahama sandoshiyori refers to most influential three families among Nagahama juninshu (10 influential families in Nagahama), 10 representative families of machi-doshiyori (ward head) in townspeople who built the Nagahama-jo Castle town (49 towns and 10 wards) under the order of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.

• 大和路快速（英字表記 Yamatoji Rapid Service）は大和路線の代表的な列車で、大阪駅 - 加茂駅 (京都府)間で昼間を中心に約20分間隔で運転されている（土曜・休日には朝や夕方にも運転）。
• Yamatoji Rapid Service is a typical train on the Yamatoji Line, running mainly during the daytime every twenty minutes between Osaka Station and Kamo Station (Kyoto Prefecture) (on Saturdays and holidays it also runs during the morning and evening).

• 斯波義良他、代々の斯波氏当主、一色義道他代々の一色氏家督、仁木義長らの足利一門、西国一の名門といわれた大内義隆などの有力守護、もとは守護代で守護、最盛期は西国に11ヶ国の所領を得た尼子義久などが代表的である。
• Among the famous vassals granted these characters were: The heads of the Shiba clan such as Yoshisuke SHIBA (also referred as Yoshinaga SHIBA); the heads of the Isshiki clan such as Yoshimichi ISSHIKI, Yoshinaga NIKI, and other members of the Ashikaga family; powerful shugo such as Yoshitaka OUCHI, whose family was praised as the noblest in the west; and Yoshihisa AMAGO, who started as shugodai and ended as shugo with 11 provinces of holdings in the west in his prime.

• なお、公議とは当時討幕派・佐幕派問わずに広く唱えられた公議政体論に由来すると考えられており、明治政府と戊辰戦争で敵対した奥羽越列藩同盟の諸藩代表による議事機関にも公議所（白石城に設置）の名称が用いられている。
• Incidentally, it is said that Kogi derived from Kogi-seitai-ron (parliamentary regime theory) that was then widely advocated without regard to anti-Shogunate group or Sabaku-ha (supporters of the Shogun), and Ouetsu-reppan alliance (alliance of strong domains in the northern part of Japan) also used the name of Kogisho (established at Shiraishi castle) for the assembly body of representatives of the domains who opposed to the Meiji Government at Boshin War.

• 特に彫刻史の方面では平安時代前期を貞観（じょうがん）時代または弘仁時代と呼ぶこともあったが、特定の元号で平安時代前期を代表させることにはあまり意味がないことから、今日ではこれらの呼称はあまり用いられていない。
• Especially from the perspective of sculpture art history, the Heian period's former half was occasionally called the Jogan period (or the Konin period), but it does not make sense to use these specific imperial eras' names (Jogan and Konin) as the symbol of the Heian period's former half, so today these names are not used so often.

• すなわち、オットー・フォン・ビスマルク時代以後のドイツ君権強化に対する抵抗の理論として国家法人説を再生させたイェリネックの学説を導入し、国民の代表機関である議会は、内閣を通して天皇の意思を拘束しうると唱えた。
• In short, he proclaimed that the diet, a representative of nation's people, can restrain the emperor's will via the Cabinet by introducing a theory of Jellinek who reproduced the state authority theory as a theory against strengthening of monarchy in Germany in and after the period of Otto von Bismarck.

• ところが東の歌舞伎座と並び称される西の京都南座には、役者を上げ下げする「小迫り」はあっても大道具を上げ下げできる「大迫り」がなかったので、歌舞伎の代表作の一つであるこの演目を上演することが長らく出来なかった。
• In the past, the Minami-za Theatre of Kyoto, which had been as famous as the Kabuki-za Theatre of Tokyo, had 'ko-zeri' for moving actors, but however, didn't have 'o-zeri' for moving big sets, so one of the masterpieces of kabuki 'Sanmon' hadn't been performed in the theatre for a long time.

• 近代になり西洋近代歴史学が導入されるとマルクス主義史観に代表される発展段階史観の概念に基づいた過去の日本の歴史の分析が行われるようになり、歴史的百姓身分を封建制段階における農奴身分と規定することが通説となった。
• In the modern times when western modern history was introduced, analysis of Japanese history based on the idea of the evolution phase concept of history, exemplified by Marxist history, was carried out, and it became a common theory that the historical hyakusho rank was defined as a serfdom in the feudalism phase.

• 文化および工業都市･京は平安京以来の都であり、応仁の乱によって大打撃を受けたものの、依然として朝廷や仏教の有力宗派のうちのいくつかの本山などが設置され、学術・芸術・宗教の面では当時の日本を代表する都市であった。
• Kyoto, currently known as the cultural and industrial center, had been the national capital since the period of Heian-kyo with the Imperial Court and the headquarters of a numerous leading Buddhist sects, despite the serious setbacks suffered in the Onin War, and it was the city representing Japan as the center of the academic activities, arts and religion at that time,

• 政治家としての業績には乏しいが、父親譲りの学識を持ち（父の在世中に陣定の場で当代随一の碩学と称された父と論争してやり込めたという）、雅楽の歴史においては源博雅と並ぶ平安時代を代表する音楽家として名を残している。
• He contributed a little as a politician, but possessed academic knowledge gained his father (while his father was still alive, he was often absorbed in debate at Jin no sadame (Ancient Cabinet Council) with his father, who was said to be the great scholar of that time) and left his name in the history of gagaku (old Japanese court music) as a musician who represented the Heian era along with MINAMOTO no Hiromasa.

• 公家や寺社、諸藩の家臣の所領にも存在するが、最も代表的なのは江戸幕府が旗本の支配を確実にする事と彼らの江戸居住（地方在勤者を除く）を義務付けたために、小禄旗本の知行地（知行所）が集中した関東地方に多く見られる。
• Although this ownership form was also found in territories of court nobles, temples and shrines, and vassals of domains, it was most typically found in Kanto region where chigyo-chi (territories) of the hatamoto (direct retainers of the bakufu, which is a form of Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) with a small stipend (fiefdom) were concentrated, because the Edo bakufu obliged them to live in Edo (except for those assigned to provinces) in order to ensure the control of them.

• 省三の妻で同社の代表取締役に就任した牧野知世子を頂点とした「マキノ本家」と撮影所のダブルスタンダードがあだになり、賃金未払い、ストライキなど争議の日々を経て、省三没後2年の1931年（昭和6年）に同社は解散した。
• However, as Shozo's widow, Chiyoko MAKINO, who was a head of the 'Main House of Makino', assumed the representative director of the company, there was 'double management,' between Chiyoko and the studio, leading to daily problems such as non-payment of wages and strikes, the company was dissolved two years after Shozo's death in 1931.

• 元禄3年（1690年）に遠近道印が菱川師宣とともに製作した『東海道分間絵図』は、代表的な道中図の1つであり、1/12000の実測図上に河川や橋梁・宿場町・一里塚・名所旧跡などが師宣の絵によって詳細に描かれている。
• 'The Tokaido Bunkan Ezu,' which Doin OCHIKOCHI produced with Moronobu HISHIKAWA in 1690, is one of representative route maps, and measured drawings, rivers, bridges, post station towns, milestones, scenic spots and places of historical interest and so forth are pictured in details by Moronobu on measured drawings on a scale of 1 to 12000.

• もし、成功しなかった場合はその集団の敗北とされ、代表者は神を欺いた罰として引廻・斬首などになり、極端な場合には五体引き裂かれた上に引き裂かれたままの遺骸を埋めた塚を複数個設置してその線上を境界線とした例もあった。
• If a representative failed, his group was deemed to lose the dispute and he was dragged around the city or decapitated as punishment for trying to deceive God, or in extreme cases, he was torn apart into five pieces (hands, legs and head) and several mounds under which the torn pieces of mortal remains were buried were built in a line and defined as boundaries.

• 大和朝廷に仕えた渡来人としては、秦氏、東漢氏、西文氏が代表的であり、他に鞍部村主司馬達等（止）（大唐漢人、継体天皇・敏達天皇）、鞍部多須奈（用明天皇）、鞍作止利仏師（推古天皇）、高向玄理、新漢人旻、鑑真などがいる。
• The leading Toraijin serving the Yamato Court were the Hata clan, the Yamatonoaya clan, the Kawachi no Fumi clan and the others were such as KURATSUKURI no Suguri Shibatatsuto (known as the Han race of Great Tang, Emperor Keitai, Emperor Bidatsu), KURATSUKURI no Suruna (Emperor Yomei), KURATSUKURI no Tori (Emperor Suiko) who served as busshi (sculptor of Buddhist Statues), TAKAMUKO no Kuromaro, Imakino Ayahitomin, and Ganjin.

• これに従って諸藩でも同様の措置を取ると同時に自藩の法令を併せて掲示して自藩の法令の公示に用いた（代表的な高札場としては江戸日本橋 (東京都中央区)、京都三条大橋、大坂高麗橋、金沢橋場町、仙台芭蕉辻などが挙げられる）。
• Following the Bakufu order, each domain took the similar measure, while Kosatsu was also utilized for the public notification of the act of each domain. (Major examples of the set up location of Kosatsu can be mentioned as follows; Edo Nihonbashi [Chuo Ward, Tokyo Prefecture], Kyoto Sanjo O-hashi Bridge, Osaka Korai-bashi Bridge, Kanazawa Hashiba-cho, Sendai Bashotsuji and so on.)

• 明治13年（1880年）4月第4回愛国社大会は国会開設を政府に訴えることを決議し、片岡健吉とともに、全国から集まった8万7000名余りの署名を代表して太政官と元老院 (日本)に国会開設の請願を提出したが、却下される。
• In April, 1880, in the forth Aikokusha meeting, a resolution to appeal the government to establish the National Diet had passed, and Kenkichi KATAOKA and he submitted a petition asking for an establishment of the National Diet to Daijokan (Grand Council of State) and Genroin (the Chamber of Elders), on behalf of more than 87000 signatures from all over the country, but it was turned down.

• 農村向けのものとしては農事暦の要素を織り込んだ『田舎往来』・『農業往来』・『百姓往来』などが、都市の商人向けのものとしては『商売往来』・『問屋往来』・『呉服往来』・『万祥廻船往来』などが代表的な往来物としてあげられる。
• For farming villages, elements of the farming calendar were included in 'Inaka Orai' (A Letter on Farming Village) (also called 'Densha Orai'), 'Nogyo Orai' and 'Hyakusho Orai' (A Guide to Farming), etc. while 'A Guide to Commerce,' 'Toiya Orai' (also called 'Tonya Orai'), 'Gofuku Orai' and 'Banshokaisen Orai' and so on were the typical oraimono for merchants living in cities.

• 明法家に代表される中世的職務世襲的家系の発生が令外の官の成立と深く影響しあっている例としては、検非違使の裁判権拡大にともない刑部省の量刑機能が失われていき、明法家が罪名を勘申することが広く定着していく様などに見られる。
• One example that emergence of medieval hereditary lineage of duties such as Myobo-ke and formation of ryoge no kan closely influence each other is the process in which the function of Gyobusho (Ministry of Justice) to determine appropriate punishment was lost as jurisdiction of kebiishi expanded and it became common for Myobo-ke to recommend charges.

• 中田薫 (学者)の『法制史論集』に収める諸論文や滝川政次郎『律令の研究』は、太平洋戦争以前に発表された代表的な研究文献であるが、これらに共通するものは、中国律令法と日本律令法との相違を明らかにしようとする課題意識である。
• Various research papers in the 'Hoseishi ronshu' (A collection of essays on legal history) by Kaoru NAKADA (scholar) and the 'Ritsuryo no kenkyu' (Studies on Ritsuryo) by Masajiro TAKIKAWA are major research literature published before the Pacific war, and the commonality between them is an attempt to clarify the difference between Chinese ritsuryo law and Japanese ritsuryo law.

• 埼玉県子ども会育成連絡協議会が発行した『さいたま郷土かるた』の「に」の項目は「日本の産業育てた渋沢翁」となっており、畠山重忠、塙保己一と並ぶ埼玉を代表する偉人として、3人札（役札：3枚そろえると10点）に選出されている。
• The Ni item of 'Saitama Local Caruta Card' published by the liaison council for rearing children in Saitama Prefecture is 'Mr. SHIBUSAWA who raised Japanese industry' and was selected as one of the three cards (role card: 10 points when the three cards are gathered) of great men representing Saitama as well as Shigetada HATAKEYAMA and Hokinoichi HANAWA.

• 18年には阪東妻三郎を主演に迎え、病床の伊丹が脚本を担当した「無法松の一生」は戦前の日本映画を代表する名作といわれるが、人力車夫・無法松が軍人の未亡人に愛の告白をするという場面が時局に合わないとして、検閲でカットされた。
• In 1943 he welcomed Tsumasaburo BANDO as his new star, and Inagaki's 'Muhomatsu no issei' (Life of Muhomatsu), whose screenplay was written by Itami from his sickbed, is hailed as a pre-1945 masterpiece of Japanese film, but the scene where Muhomatsu the rickshaw driver confesses his love to a soldier's widow was considered unacceptable given the wartime situation and was cut by the censors.

• 秦氏（はた）、東漢氏（やまとのあや）、西文氏（かわちのあや）などの代表的な帰化氏族、それに弓削氏（ゆげ）、矢集氏（やずめ）、服部氏（はとり）、犬養氏（いぬかい）、舂米氏（つきしね）、倭文氏（しとり）などの氏（ウヂ）がある。
• The clans that were given the position of Tomo no Miyatsuko included the representative naturalized clans such as the Hata clan, the Yamato no Aya clan, the Kawachi no Aya clan as well as the clans such as the Yuge clan, the Yazume clan, the Hatori clan, the Inukai clan, the Tsukishine clan and the Shitori clan.

• その後の日本では、元寇の時、蒙古・高麗軍が日本を襲ったことを、「蒙古高句麗の鬼が来る」といって怖れたことから、転じて恐ろしいものの代表として子供の躾けなどで、「むくりこくり、鬼が来る」とおどす風習などとなり全国に広がった。
• At the time of Genko, Japanese people were scared by the attacks of the Mongol and Goryeo army, saying, 'moko kokuri no oni ga kuru' (the devils of the Mongol and Goryeo will come), which phrase later came to represent something scary, and thus a tradition spread to the whole country to scare children by saying 'mukuri kokuri, oni ga kuru' to make them behave themselves.

• 写実的な演技や史実に則した時代考証などで歌舞伎の近代化を図る一方、伝統的な江戸歌舞伎の荒事を整理して今日にまで伝わる多くの形を決定、歌舞伎を下世話な町人の娯楽から日本文化を代表する高尚な芸術の域にまで高めることに尽力した。
• While trying to modernize Kabuki by realistic acting and re-creating historical backgrounds authentically, he rearranged aragoto (Kabuki play featuring exaggerated posture, makeup, and costume) of the traditional Edo Kabuki, determined many patterns handed down to the present and contributed greatly to the upgrading of Kabuki from as an entertainment of common people to a refined art representing Japanese culture.

• 昭和30年代以降は黒澤明とともに東宝の大作及び時代劇路線の代表的な監督とされ、34年三船出演・円谷英二特撮の東宝1000本記念映画「日本誕生」を、37年東宝30周年記念映画「忠臣蔵」を製作し、それぞれ興行的に成功を収めた。
• Beginning in 1955, he was recognized, along with Akira KUROSAWA, as being one of Toho's two great master directors of epics and period dramas; in 1959 he created 'Nihon tanjo' (The Birth of Japan), Toho's commemorative 1000th film, starring Mifune and featuring special effects by Eiji TSUBURAYA, as well as the 1962 commemorative film 'Chushingura' (sometimes credited as 'The Forty-Seven Ronin' in English) celebrating the 30th anniversary of Toho's founding in 1932, both of which achieved success as entertainment films.

• しかし松平春嶽・山内容堂らは、その文面に「列藩会議を興して国事を議する」とあることを逆手に取り、小御所会議は所詮数藩の代表のみであり列藩会議とは言えないとして、改めて議論を行うべきと主張し、諸侯会議派がますます勢いを得た。
• But Shungaku MATSUDAIRA and Yodo YAMAUCHI used the phrase in the edict 'the affairs of State shall be discussed at Reppan Conference (conference of many feudal clans)' as an underhanded way and insisted to hold discussion once again because Kogosho Conference was represented by too few domains to call it Reppan (many feudal clans), which further encouraged the lords conference group.

• まず、当時の国際慣習法規範において国家を代表する個人に対する脅迫による強制調印は無効であると認めつつも、本協約に関しては個人（皇帝・高宗 (朝鮮王)）の強制と脅迫に関する歴史的資料に乏しいことから、無効論を退ける立場がある。
• First, admitting that compulsory signing due to a threat against an individual who represents a state is invalid in the norm of the international common law in those days, there is a position to repulse the views of invalidity on the ground that historical data related to this treaty on compulsion and a threat against the individual (Emperor Gao Zong [King of Korea]) are insufficient.

• 特に単独の代表者は置かれず、「特務委員」後に「常務委員」と呼ばれる複数の議員による合議制（1916年の研究会規則では9名の常務委員を設置）であったが、次第に山縣有朋の側近である清浦奎吾が同会の指導者として浮上してくる事になる。
• The faction had no specific single representative but adopted council system (nine standing committees were to be appointed according to Kenkyukai regulations in 1916) organized with multiple members called 'Tokumuin' (special committees) or later called 'Jomuin' (standing committees), but later, Keigo KIYOURA, a aide to Aritomo YAMAGATA, gradually became influential as a leader of Kenkyukai.

• 宇治市西部を走る近畿日本鉄道近鉄京都線の大久保駅 (京都府)の約15,192人や、同小倉駅 (京都府)の約9,570人より少なく、宇治市の代表駅と言えるかは疑問であるが、宇治観光の玄関口としては当駅や京阪宇治駅が機能している。
• The number is less than the approximate 15,192 of Okubo Station (Kyoto Prefecture) and approximate 9,570 of Ogura Station (Kyoto Prefecture) on the Kintetsu Kyoto Line, which runs in the western part of Uji City, and there is doubt as to whether it could be referred to as a representative station of Uji City, but this station and Keihan Uji Station do function as gateways for sightseeing in Uji.

• 中世には「山科荘」（やましなのしょう）という荘園があり、これを代々保持していた公家の一流は後に山科家と名乗っていたが、戦国時代_(日本)を代表する教養人として知られた山科言継の代の1548年に室町幕府によってこれを奪われている。
• During the Middle Ages there was a Shoen, or a manor named 'Yamashina no sho,' which had been owned by a noble family for generations, later named Yamashina family, but Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in 1548 deprived it from Tokitsugu YAMASHINA known as a richly cultured person representing the Sengoku period (Japan).

• 大日本帝国陸軍のドイツ式組織への改革や帝国大学令・小学校令などの制定に代表される教育改革、市町村制の確立などが行われ、伊藤自身も井上毅・金子堅太郎・伊東巳代治と大日本帝国憲法草案を作成するなど、立憲体制への準備が着々と進められた。
• The preparation for constitutional system progressed steadily as the reform of Imperial Japanese Army toward German-style system, education reform such as Imperial University Law and Primary School Order and establishment of local authority system were carried out, and Ito himself made the draft of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan along with Kowashi INOUE, Kentaro KANEKO, and Miyoji ITO.

• ロシアの影響力の増大を警戒するドイツ帝国の宰相オットー・フォン・ビスマルクは列強の代表を集めてベルリン会議 (1878年)を主催し、露土戦争の講和条約であるサン・ステファノ条約の破棄とベルリン条約 (1878年)の締結に成功した。
• Alarmed by the increasing influence of Russia, Otto von Bismarck, Chancellor of the German Empire hosted the Congress of Berlin (1878) and succeeded in gathering the representatives of the great powers to denounce the Treaty of San Stefano, the peace treaty of the Russo-Turkish Wars and conclude the Treaty of Berlin (1878).

• 「曾根崎心中」の徳兵衛、「心中天網島」の治兵衛、「恋飛脚大和往来・封印切」の忠兵衛、『伊賀越道中双六・沼津』の重兵衛、『双蝶々曲輪日記・引窓』の南方十次兵衛、『義経千本櫻・すし屋』のいがみの権太、『土屋主税』の土屋侯などが代表作。
• His important works are Tokubei in 'Sonezaki shinju,' Jihei in 'Shinju ten no amishima' (Lovers' suicide in Amijima), Chubei in 'Fuinkiri (breaking the seal), Koibikyaku Yamato orai' (The Amorous Courier on the Yamato Highway), Jubei in 'Iga-goe dochu sugoroku (Japanese backgammon); Numazu' (Through Iga Pass with the Tokaido Board Game, Numazu post), Jujibei MINAMIGATA in 'Futatsu chocho kuruwa nikki; Hikimado'(Skylight of 'A Diary of Two Butterflies in the Pleasure Quarters'), Igami no Gonta of 'Yoshitsune senbon zakura; sushiya' (Sushi restaurant of 'Yoshitsune and the 1000 cherry trees') and Lord Tsuchiya in 'Tsuchiya Chikara' (Chikara TSUCHIYA, hatamoto (a direct vassal of the shogun)).

• さらに、藤原不比等が養老4年（720年）に没すると、その子である藤原四兄弟（藤原武智麻呂、藤原房前、藤原宇合、藤原麻呂）はまだ若く、議政官は当時参議の地位にあった房前のみであったため、長屋王は皇親の代表として政界の主導者となった。
• When FUJIWARA no Fuhito died in 720, his sons Fujiwara four brothers (FUJIWARA no Muchimaro, FUJIWARA no Fusasaki, FUJIWARA no Umakai, FUJIWARA no Maro) were still young and only FUJIWARA no Maro had the position of Sangi (councilor) as Giseikan (Legislature), so Prince Nagaya became a leader of the political world as a representative of Koshin.

• 「株式会社和泉宗家」の代表取締役である節子はこの問題に関し、「税務調査が入り見解の相違があったことは事実だが、簿外口座などは存在しない」として、この疑惑を全面的に否定しているが、追徴課税は、重加算税などを含め1億円を越すといわれた。
• Setsuko, the representative director of Izumi Soke Co., denied the suspicion by saying 'It is the case that tax inspection was conducted and difference of views existed, but the company has no off-the-book account,' but the company was imposed reportedly over \100M of back taxes including a penalty for tax evasion.

• 主な代表的な高札としては、寛文元年（1661年）の5枚の高札（撰銭、切支丹、火事場、駄賃、雑事）や正徳 (日本)元年（1711年）の5枚の高札（忠孝、切支丹、火付、駄賃、毒薬）、明治維新とともに新政府から出された五榜の掲示などがある。
• Most commonly known Kosatsu are 5 boards of Kosatsu published in 1661 ('Erizeni' for eliminating low quality money, 'Kirishitan,' [Christian] the ban of 'Christianity,' 'Kajiba,' the law at the scene of a fire for preventing theft at the scene, 'Dachin,' the law for money or goods for the purpose of reward and 'Zatsuji,' the law for personal affairs), 5 boards of Kosatsu published in 1771 ('Chuko,' the loyalty and filial piety, 'Kirishitan,' the ban of Christianity, 'Hitsuke,' the law at the scene of a fire, 'Dachin,' the law for money or goods for the purpose of reward and 'Dokuyaku, 'the law for treating poisons) and 5 posts on the streets released by a new government after the Meiji restoration.

• 代表的な模様として「鮫」（紀州藩徳川氏）、「行儀」「角通し」（以上をまとめて「三役」という）、「松葉」（徳川氏）「御召し十」（徳川氏）「万筋」、「菊菱」（加賀藩前田氏）、「大小あられ」（薩摩藩島津氏）「胡麻柄」（佐賀藩鍋島氏）がある。
• The signature patterns are 'sharks' for the Tokugawa clan of the Kishu Domain, 'gyogi,' 'Kakutoshi,' (the above three patterns are called 'sanyaku' - the notable three), 'pine needles' for the Tokugawa clan, 'omeshiju' for Tokugawa clan, 'mansuji,' 'kikubishi' for the Maeda clan of the Kaga Domain, 'daisho arare' for the Shimazu clan of the Satsuma Domain, and 'gomagara' for the Nabeshima clan of Saga Domain.

• 代表作に挙げられる『真昼の暗黒』、『張込み』、『ゼロの焦点』、『切腹』、『霧の旗』、『上意討ち』、『白い巨塔 (映画)』、『日本のいちばん長い日』、『日本沈没』などの大作の脚本を次々と手がけ、論理的で確固とした構成力が高い評価を得る。
• He successively worked on screenplays for major projects including 'Mahiru no Ankoku' (Darkness at Noon), 'Harikomi' (Stakeout), 'Zero no Shoten' (Zero Focus), 'Seppuku' (Harakiri), 'Kiri no Hata' (Flag in the Mist), 'Joi-Uchi' (Samurai Rebellion), 'Shiroi Kyoto' (The White Tower), 'Nihon no Ichiban Nagai Hi' (Japan's Longest Day), and 'Nihon Chinbotsu' (Japan Sinks); and was highly praised for his ability to write logical and solid pieces.

• 有能な者が実力によって、一代家老（家老格）に登用された代表例として、幕末に活躍した越後長岡藩の河井継之助、薩摩藩の調所広郷、長州藩の村田清風、そして、古くは元禄期の元禄赤穂事件の討ち入りで、有名になった赤穂藩の大野知房などが挙げられる。
• The following were typical examples of Ichidai-garo officers who were appointed to the post due to their abilities: Tsugunosuke KAWAI of the Echigo-Nagaoka domain, Hirosato ZUSHO of the Satsuma domain, and Seifu MURATA of the Choshu domain, all of whom played an active part in the abolition of the bakufu system, and as an older example, Tomofusa ONO of the Ako domain who became famous for launching a raid during the Ako Incident in the Genroku era (1688 - 1704).

• 古代の有力豪族であった物部氏の末裔（仏教反対派として有名な物部守屋の弟の5代目の子孫だとされる）である石上氏に生まれた宅嗣は藤原仲麻呂討伐などで活躍をして大納言にまで昇る一方で当時を代表する知識人・文人であり、熱心な仏教信者でもあった。
• Born into the Isonokami clan that is descended from the powerful ancient clan of Mononobe (alleged to be the fifth-generation descendant of the younger brother of MONONOBE no Moriya who opposed the introduction of Buddhism), Yakatsugu is famed for his military accomplishments defeating FUJIWARA no Nakamaro and rising to the rank of Dainagon (chief councilor of state) but at the same time was a leading figure in literature and arts and an avid Buddhist.

• 代々の市川團十郎（團十郎が不在のときは宗家当主の海老蔵・新之助・三升のいずれか）が歌舞伎を代表する特別な役者であり、特にそのお家芸である荒事の創始者・継承者であることを尊重して、比喩的にこれを歌舞伎の宗家とみなすこと →「市川流」を参照。
• It is to consider figuratively the successive Danjuro ICHIKAWA (during Danjuro's absence, it would be one of the family heads of soke, Ebizo ICHIKAWA, Shinnosuke ICHIKAWA, or Sansho ICHIKAWA) as the soke of kabuki, on the respect of being a special actor who represents kabuki, and especially as the founder and successor of their 'oiegei' (the specialty of a family or a school of the performing arts), 'aragoto' (dynamic performance of kabuki, featuring exaggerated posture, makeup, and costume) (Refer to 'Ichikawa-ryu').

• この背景に国鉄181系電車や国鉄101系電車に代表される1957年以降の新性能電車の登場や、気動車・ディーゼル機関車の動力伝達方式変速機の実用化で1953年の国鉄キハ10系気動車以降、長大編成運転可能となった気動車の台頭なども挙げられる。
• This background revealed the appearance of trains with new performance after 1957 represented by JNR 181 and 101 trains and the rise of diesel railcars which made it possible to pull a long and heavyweight train created from the realization of drive-line transmissions of railcars/diesel locomotives after JNR Kiha 10 railcars appeared in 1953.

• 1936年二・二六事件当日、「五社協定」の桎梏からの解放、映画監督の主体性と権利の確立のため、神田駿河台の駿台荘で集まった劇映画監督東西代表（村田、牛原虚彦、衣笠貞之助、伊藤大輔、伊丹万作）の間に「日本映画監督協会」設立の同意が成立した。
• On the day in 1936 when the February 26th Incident occurred, east and west representatives (Murata, Kiyohiko USHIHARA, Teinosuke KINUGASA, Daisuke ITO and Mansaku ITAMI) of theater movie directors got together at Sundai-so in Kanda Surugadai and reached an agreement on establishing the 'Directors Guild of Japan' in an attempt to relieve themselves from 'Five Company Agreement' as a fetter and secure movie director's independence and rights.

• 更に今日かつての平安京からは当時の唐物の代表的商品である中国製陶器が多数発掘されており、遣唐使の減少にも関わらず平安遷都以後においても中国から大量の陶器が流入しており、それらの多くは民間の商人の手によってもたらされていたと考えられている。
• Today, many potteries, the flagship product of karamono (things imported from China) that time have been excavated from the remains of Heiankyo, and many think that although the number of the Japanese envoys to Tang Dynasty China declined, and even after the transfer of national capital to the city of Heiankyo, many potteries were brought from China into Japan and many of those were brought by private merchants.

• 代表的な藩校には、米沢藩の興譲館(1697年)、会津藩の日新館(1799年)、水戸藩の弘道館(1841年)、岡山藩の花畠教場(1641年)、長州藩の明倫館(1719年)、熊本藩の時習館(1755年)、薩摩藩の造士館(1773年)などがある。
• Representative hankos were as follows: Kojokan school of Yonezawa Domain (in 1697), Nisshinkan school of Aizu Domain (in 1799), Kodokan school of Mito Domain (in 1841), Hanabata Kyojo Classroom of Okayama Domain (in 1641), Meirinkan school of Choshu Domain (in 1719), Jishukan school of Kumamoto Domain (in 1755), Zoshikan school of Satsuma Domain (in1773), etc.

• 1911年（明治44年）、陸上競技に夢中になりつつあった頃、スウェーデンのストックホルムで開かれる第5回国際オリンピック大会代表を決める「オリムピク大會予選競技会」が羽田運動場で挙行されることになり、審判委員として来場するよう要請があった。
• In 1911, when Mishima began to be fascinated with athletic sports, he was requested to join as a member of referees committee for 'Olympic Preliminary Competition' held in Haneda playfield to determine national members for the fifth international Olympic game that would take place in Stockholm, Sweden.

• そこでの決議をもとに、請願活動や高利貸との交渉を行うも不調に終わり、租税の軽減・義務教育の延期・借金の据え置き等を政府に訴えるための蜂起が提案され、大宮郷(埼玉県秩父市)で代々名主を務める家の出身である田代栄助が総理（代表）として推挙された。
• Based on the decisions they made there, they had petitioning activity and negotiations with usurers only to fail, therefore, an uprising was proposed in order to make an petition for tax reduction, postponement of compulsory education and deferment of debt to the government, and Eisuke TASHIRO, whose family acted as a nanushi (village headman) for generations in Omiyago (Chichibu City, Saitama Prefecture) was recommended for their representative.

• 泰時は続いて三浦義村ら有力御家人代表と、中原師員ら幕府事務官僚などからなる合計11人の評定衆を選んで政所に出仕させ、これに執権2人を加えた13人の「評定」会議を新設して幕府の最高機関とし、政策や人事の決定、訴訟の採決、法令の立法などを行った。
• Next, Yasutoki selected 11 Hyoteishu in total, who were literally the council members, including the representatives of influential gokenin such as Yoshimura MIURA, and the bakufu bureaucracy such as Morokazu NAKAHARA and let them serve in the government office; subsequently, Yasutoki founded the council conference consisting of 13 members, including the 11 members and two regents as the top governmental institution, and this institution handled the determination of policies and personnel affairs, settlement of lawsuits, legislation of laws, etc.

• 季節物の販売も多く、蓮の葉商いの傾向も強いが市や祭事の門前町などの街商は場所代や既得権が必要であったが、棒手振は歩き売りという形を取っていたのが街商などとの差異であり、また季節物ではない代表的なものとして、夜鳴き蕎麦屋や鮨屋などがあげられる。
• Botefuri sold a lot of seasonal goods, so-called Hasunohaakinai (trade of lotus leaves, which means a dealing with seasonal goods), by slowly cruising the neighborhood, which differed from stallholders who did their businesses in bazaar, festivals, or in temple towns by paying for their places and for the right to carry on their businesses; and also, some of monouri like Yonaki-soba vendors (merchants vending soba at night) and Sushi vendors sold items nothing to do with the season.

• ところが、台湾出兵の発生と大院君の失脚によって征韓を視野に入れた朝鮮遣使論は下火となり、代わりに純粋な外交による国交回復のための特使として外務省の担当官であった森山茂（後に外務少丞）が倭館に派遣され、朝鮮政府代表との交渉が行われることとなった。
• However, the debate to dispatch an envoy to Korea with a view of subjugation of the Korea died down due to the occurrence of the Taiwan expedition and the downfall of Daewongun, instead, an official of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Shigeru MORIYAMA (Later became Gaimu shojo who's post at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs) was dispatched to Wakan (consular office) as a special envoy for restoring relations by pure diplomacy, and started to negotiate with the representatives of Korean government.

• その他日本で最初にブリキの大量製出に成功したり、北海道人造肥料社長、日本ペイント会長、歌舞伎座共同代表、品川銀行、千代田生命保険相互の創立で取締役、日本瓦斯取締役、日本人造絹糸（のち帝人）監査役、など多くの会社、銀行、等の経営者・役員を務めた。
• He succeeded in mass production of tin-plate for the first time in Japan, and served as a corporate manager or a director for many companies including financial institutions, such as the president of Hokkaido Jinzo Hiryo (Hokkaido chemical fertilizer), the chairman of Nippon Paint Co., Ltd., the co-representative of Kabuki-za Theater, the director of Shinagawa Bank, the first director of Chiyoda Life Insurance Company when it was founded, the director of Nichigas Inc. and the auditor of Nippon Jinzokenshi (Japan rayon yarn) (later Teijin Ltd.).

• 「虫は」「木の花は」「すさまじきもの」「うつくしきもの」に代表される「ものはづくし」の「類聚章段」をはじめ、日常生活や四季の自然を観察した「随想章段」、作者が出仕した定子皇后周辺の宮廷社会を振り返った「回想章段」（日記章段）など多彩な文章から成る。
• It consists of various types of writing: 'chapters of Ruiju' of 'Monowazukushi (enumerating the things in the same category),' as represented by the lists of things like 'Insects,' 'Flowering trees,' 'Dispiriting things,' 'Endearingly lovely things,' and 'Chapters of Zuiso (essay),' which is an observation of daily life and nature in the seasons, and 'chapters of reminiscence (chapters of a diary)' in which the author wrote about the life around Empress Teishi, whom she served in the Imperial Court.

• また、和歌の歌枕としても著名であり、西行の『新古今和歌集』に採録された「秋篠や 外山の里や 時雨らむ 生駒の岳に 雲のかかれる」の歌や慈円の『拾玉集』に採録された「旅の空 秋ぞ悲しき 秋篠の 鹿と虫とに 枕並べて」の歌などが代表作として知られている。
• It is also known as utamakura (a place famed in classical Japanese poetry) for waka and Saigyo's waka recorded in the 'Shinkokin Wakashu' (New Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry), 'It must be raining in Akishino and villages in mountains, because Mt. Ikoma is covered with cloud' and Jien's waka recorded in the 'Shugyoku-shu' (Collection of Gathered Jewels), 'In the course of my trip, it is sad in autumn hearing voice of Japanese deers and insects of Akishino in the night' are known as representative ones.

• 明治に入ると、坪内逍遥が『小説神髄』において、八犬士を「仁義八行の化物にて決して人間とはいひ難かり」と断じ、近代文学が乗り越えるべき旧時代の戯作文学の代表として『八犬伝』を批判しているが、このことは、当時『八犬伝』が持っていた影響力の大きさを示している。
• During the Meiji period Shoyo TSUBOUCHI, in 'Shosetsu shinzui' (The essence of the novel), criticized 'Hakkenden' as the typical gesaku literature from another age which must be overcome by early-modern literature, insisting that 'the eight dog warriors were monsters of Jingi-hachigyo instead of being human beings,' but such criticism gives evidence of the major impact that 'Hakkenden' had in those days.

• 日本美術史（にほんびじゅつし）とは、日本の美術の流れ、様式の変遷、各時代の代表的な作品や作家の研究、相互の影響関係、作品や作家を生んだ時代背景（政治、経済、信仰、風俗、社会、文学などとの関連）などについて述べたもの、またはそうした分野を研究する学問のこと。
• 'Nihon bijutsu-shi' refers to the chronological explanation - or the academic field - of Japanese art history, such as the trend of Japanese art, the transition of its style, the research of the representative works and artists in each period, their mutual influence, and the historical background of the works and artists - that is, the works' and artists' relation with Japanese politics, economy, religion, customs, society, literature and others.

• その成果のひとつは、戦争中の1904年8月にアムステルダムで開催された第二インターナショナルの第6回大会で、片山潜とロシア代表のゲオルギー・プレハーノフがともに副議長に選出されて会議場で握手を交わし、社会主義者の国境を越えた連帯と協力を確認したことである。
• One of the results was that Sen KATAYAMA and the Russian representative, Georgii PLEKHANOV, were elected as vice-chairmen and shook their hands in the 6th convention of the Second International held in Amsterdam during the war in August, 1904 and then they confirmed socialist's solidarity and cooperation across the border.

• 7世紀末まで日本列島を代表する政権は九州にありヤマト王権は一地方政権に過ぎなかったとする説もあるが、埼玉県稲荷山古墳と熊本県江田船山古墳から「ワカタケル大王」と推定される銘の鉄剣が出土していること、様々な考古学的遺物などから成立する余地はないと考えられている。
• There is an opinion that the main political regime of the Japanese Islands until the end of the seventh century existed in Kyushu and that the Yamato Kingdom was only one regional government, but since iron swords believed to be King Wakatakeru's were found in the Inariyama burial mound (Saitama prefecture) and the Eta Funayama burial mound (Kumamoto prefecture), this theory is not thought to be valid.

• 道灌の時代、現在の神田川 (東京都)並びに日本橋川の前身である平川（平河）は日比谷入江に流れ込んでおり、西に日比谷入江、東に江戸湊（但し『東京市史稿』は日比谷入江を江戸湊としている）がある江戸前島周辺は中世には、浅草や品川湊と並ぶ、武蔵国の代表的な湊であった。
• In the time of Dokan, the Hirakawa River (present-day, Kanda-gawa River and Nihonbashi-gara River in Tokyo) poured into Hibiya inlet, and the area around Edo Maejima east of the Hibiya cove and west of the Edo-minato Port served as an influential port of Musashi Province during the medieval period rivalling the ports of Asakusa and Shingawa (however, in the 'Tokyoshi Shiko', Hibiya inlet is identified as Edo-minato Port).

• 陰陽寮の役人が退いた後に中務省を代表して輔が天皇に奏上を行い、具注暦は天皇に奏進され、頒暦は天皇と太政官の連絡を掌る少納言が受領して大臣の元に届けられ、大臣から弁官を通じて各官司・国府に配布され、不足の場合には上級官司・国府が書写して下級官司・郡司などに送付した。
• When officials of the Onmyoryo leave the court, the suke makes a presentation before the emperor on behalf of the Ministry of Central Affairs, the guchureki is presented to the emperor, the hanreki is distributed to the Shonagon who manages communications between the Emperor and the Daijokan, then it is sent to each minister, then distributed by ministers to each government officials and kokufu via benkan and, if the number of copies are not enough, highly-ranked kanshi or kokufu transcribes it and sends it to low-ranked kanshi or gunji (district official).

• ところが、大正政変の際に大正天皇より公家出身の立憲政友会総裁西園寺公望に対して第3次桂内閣への内閣不信任案を撤回させて政友会を内閣に協力させるように勅命が出されたものの、政友会の代議士達は自分達は日本国民の代表であるとして西園寺に突き返させた（1913年2月9日）。
• In the Taisho Political Crisis, Emperor Taisho issued an imperial command that Kinmochi SAIONJI, president of Rikkenseiyukai (a political party originally organized by Hirobumi ITO) should withdraw a parliamentary motion of non-confidence against the cabinet related to the 3rd Katsura Cabinet and urge Seiyukai to collaborate with the Katsura Cabinet, but the parliamentarians of the Seiyukai made Saionji return the imperial command for the reason that the parliamentarians were the representatives of the Japanese nation (February 9, 1913.)

• 現在、日本で拳法と名の付く代表的なものには少林寺拳法と日本拳法があり、前者は仏教系新宗教を背景として幅広い層に普及し、後者は大学拳法部を中心にいくつかの団体に分かれて広がってきたが、スポーツ化した一面も持つと言われており、いずれもテレビで技を見せるなどの活動もある。
• Presently in Japan, shorinji kenpo and nihon kenpo are famous - the former has spread among a wide range of people within background of a new religion and the latter has spread among some groups centered on university kenpo teams and turned into a sport in a sense – but both are performing activities such as showing their techniques on TV.

• この計画は「花粉の少ない森づくり」というプロジェクト名で、自然保護活動家として知られる作家のC.W.ニコル氏らが代表発起人となり、多摩地域のスギ林の伐採および花粉の少ない品種のスギや広葉樹への植え替えなどを50年計画で行い、今後10年間で花粉の量を2割削減するという。
• The project, which is named 'Kafun no Sukunai Morizukuri' (lit. The Creation of Low-Pollen Forests) and has conservationist and author C. W. NICOL serving as representative promoter, aims to fell Japanese cedar forests in the Tama area and transplant them with low-pollen Japanese cedar cultivars and broadleaf trees over a 50 year period as well as reduce pollen levels by 20% over the next 10 years.

• また、郊外や地方のその地域おいて、１次産業に携わるような社会環境であっても、もう見ることのできないような、いわゆる民具などに代表される硯（すずり）や釜（かま）や釣瓶（つるべ）であったり、昔懐かしい生活としての「小豆洗い」や「泥田坊（田作りの土起し）」であったりもする。
• A yokai may also be a traditional everyday tool typified by items such as ink stone, kama (large cooking pot) or tsurube (bucket used for scooping water from a well) or a tool that is reminiscent of life styles of the olden days, such as 'aｚuki arai' (yokai which makes the sound of washing azuki beans near a person sleeping in a mountain) and 'dorotabo' (yokai appearing at a rice field, which has only one eye and three fingers in his hand), which are all tools that are no longer seen even in the farming environment of the suburbs and the countryside.

• 代表作の銀屏風「風雨草花図」（「夏秋草図屏風」の題名で広く知られる）は、一橋徳川家がかつて所持していたもので、俵屋宗達の名作に影響を受けた光琳の金屏風「風神雷神図」（重要文化財）の裏面に描かれたものである（現在は保存上の観点から「風神雷神図」とは別々に表装されている）。
• His representative work, a silver folding screen of 'Fuusokazu' (commonly known as the title of 'Natsuakikusa zu Byobu' [Flowering Plants of Summer and Autumn]) used to be in the possession of the Hitotsubashi Tokugawa family and is painted on the back of a gold folding screen 'Fujin Raijin zu' (The Wind and Thunder Gods) (Important Cultural Property) by Korin who had painted it inspired by the masterpiece of Sotatsu TAWARAYA (now they are separately mounted for the purpose of preservation).

• そのため、地方の実効支配者としての地位の向上を望む多数の地方武士の利益代表者の位置を十分構築できず、同時多発反乱の中から台頭した源義仲や源頼朝らによって滅ぼされた（ただし、清盛が設置した諸制度の中に後の頼朝政権に引き継がれた組織の萌芽が見られるというのが近年の有力説である）。
• For this reason, the position of beneficial representatives among many local samurai who were hoping to improve their ranks as regional effective controllers was not sufficiently established and the Taira clan was overthrown by MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka and MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, who gained power through many simultaneous revolts (However, a recent theory says that germination of the organizations which were taken over to Yoritomo administration can be seen in the various systems established by Kiyomori).

• 代表的なものに金銀鈿荘唐大刀（きんぎんでんそうのからたち）があり、白鮫（白いままの鮫皮）を巻いた柄、唐鐔、精緻な透かし彫を施した長金物（鞘に嵌める筒状の金具）、山形金物が付く足金物（吊り金具）などの特徴は、後の時代の飾剣（かざりたち）と共通のもので、その祖形であると思われる。
• One example that represents such items is Kingindenso-no-Karatachi, featuring a hilt covered with white shark skin, karatsuba (Chinese-style sword guard), elaborately pierced nagakanamono (cylindrical fittings mounted around the scabbard), and hanging fittings (ashikanamono) with yamagata-kanamono (mountain-shaped fittings), all of which are found in ornamental swords in later periods, which makes the sword deemed as their forerunner.

• 代表的な医官としては「カスパル流外科」の祖とされるカスパル・スハンベルヘル（Caspar Schamburger、1623-1704年）、ダニエル・ブッシュ、幕末期に日本での種痘成功に一役買ったオットー・モーニッケ、そしてフィリップ・フランツ・フォン・シーボルトが挙げられる。
• The most famous medical officers were Caspar Schamburger (1623 - 1704) who is said to have been a founder of 'Caspar-style surgery', Daniel Busch, Otto Mohnike who contributed to the success of vaccination in Japan at the end of the Edo period, and Philipp Franz von Siebold.

• 代表的な著作としては中国史の通史である『支那通史』（1888年-1890年、未完であるが、簡易かつ客観的であったことから中国でも読まれた、岩波文庫全3巻）や、「辛酉革命説」に基づいて日本の紀年問題を研究した「上世年紀考」（『史学雑誌』発表、三品影英増補『上世年紀考』所収）がある。
• His representative works include 'Overview of Chinese History' (1880-1890, three volumes, published by Iwanami bunko: although it is an unfinished work, the book was read also in China due to its concise and objective style), and 'Study of Ancient Calendar' (presented for 'History Journal' and collected in 'Study of Ancient Calendar,' revised book compiled by Kagehide MISHINA), a paper that studied about the Japanese calendar systems base on 'Shinyu-kakumei-setsu' (a prediction of revolution in Kanototori of the Chinese astrological calendar).

• 現代では、離れたところにある同じ地名を区別する際に用いられたり、府県名が郡名や都市名で代用したものが大半であるため、それで呼ぶことを嫌う場合や地域において用いられている（長野県を県庁所在地である長野市が所在する北信地方以外では意識的に「信濃国」或いは「信州」と呼ぶケースが代表的）。
• At present, the old provincial names are used in several ways; first, people use them to distinguish the same place names in different places; second, people use them when they do not like to use prefecture names that are taken from a city name or a county name instead of coming up with their own and most prefecture names are settled using such substitution; third, people use old provincial names locally; (a typical example is 'Shinano Province' or 'Shinshu' which are consciously called by people in Nagano Prefecture except in the northern part of Nagano Prefecture where Nagano City is located.)

• 鉄砲の伝来は、初期の火縄銃の形式が東南アジアの加圧式火鋏を持った鳥銃に似ている事や東南アジアにおいても先行して火縄銃が使われていた事などから、種子島への鉄砲伝来に代表されるようなヨーロッパ経由でなく倭寇などの密貿易によって東南アジア方面から持ち込まれたとする説がある（宇田川武久説）。
• Based on the facts that the mechanism of early matchlock guns is similar to that of the choju (guns for bird hunting) of Southeast Asia with a pressurized serpentine arm and the use of matchlock guns in Southeast Asia preceded to use in Japan, some researchers (such as Takehisa UDAGAWA) argue that matchlock guns were introduced into Japan not via Europe, as typified by the introduction of firearms to Tanegashima Island, but through illicit trades with Southeast Asia by wako.

• 1981年6月、彰如を支持する者も少なくなかったが、内局との紛争に敗れ、「真宗大谷派宗憲（宗派の憲法にあたる法規）」が改正され、自身の地位が、宗祖親鸞以来の法統を継承する教団の指導者という絶対的「法主」から、教団全ての僧侶・門徒の代表という実権を持たない象徴的「門首」へと移行された。
• In June of 1981, even though there were more than a few supporters of Shonyo, he lost the dispute to the Naikyoku, and the 'Shuken (constitution) of Shin Sect Otani School (religious laws which are equivalent to constitutions in the School)' was revised, and his position shifted from 'Hoshu', which is the absolute leader of the religious order who succeeds to the traditions originating from Shinran, the founder, to 'Monshu,' who is a symbolic representative of monks and followers of the entire order but does not hold any authority.

• 古今和歌集において、紀友則の「み吉野の山べにさける桜花雪かとのみぞあやまたれける」（春歌上）と詠まれているのが桜についての初見ではあるが、この頃はまだ、百人一首にも選出されている、坂上是則の「あさぼらけ有明の月とみるまでに吉野の里にふれる白雪」（冬歌）に代表される雪の歌が優勢であった。
• Cherry blossoms first appeared in KI no Tomonori's poem, 'When I saw Mt. Yoshino covered with cherry blossoms, I thought it must have snowed' (Spring Poems Part 1), in Kokin Wakashu (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry), but around that time, snow poems remained more common, such as 'At dawn, when the sky began to lighten a little, I saw sparkling white snow that carpeted the country of Yoshino and I thought the moon might be lingering' (Winter Poems) by SAKANOUE no Korenori, which is selected for One Hundred Poems by One Hundred Poets.

• こうした中で積極的に親政を進めようとする天皇及びこれを補佐する義懐と頼忠の確執は深まり、この年の12月28日に出された「令上封事詔」（『本朝文粋』所収、実際にこれを執筆した慶滋保胤の代表作としても知られる）では、「大臣重禄不諫」と書かれて頼忠以下諸大臣が天皇から糾弾される事態となっている。
• Under these situations, discord between the Emperor, who wanted to further the direct administration aggressively as well as Yoshikane who supported the Emperor and Yoritada deepened, and in 'Reijohojisho' issued on December 28 of this year (recorded in 'Honchomonzui' (a collection of Chinese poetry edited by FUJIWARA no Akihira), known as the most important work of YOSHISHIGE no Yasutane who wrote this), noted 'daijin juroku fukan' in which daijins including Yoritada as being accused by the Emperor.

• それらの総称「広義のシソ」として用いる場合と、基本品種である P. frutescens var. crispa f. crispa （チリメンジソ）や代表的な品種であるアカジソ P. frutescens var. crispa f. purpurea を「狭義のシソ」として用いる場合がある。
• The term, shiso can be generically used as 'shiso in the broad sense,' or 'shiso in the narrow sense' for chirimen-jiso, P. frutescens var. crispa f. crispa, which is a basic species, and aka-jiso, P. frutescens var. crispa f. purpurea, which is a typical species.

• 清和源氏以外に武家となった源氏としては、嵯峨源氏の源融を祖とする「融流嵯峨源氏」があり、嵯峨源氏の武家として系譜を伝えた代表は、摂津国を基盤とした渡辺氏とその分流の松浦氏であり、また宇多源氏の中で武家として近江国を基盤とした系統は近江源氏（佐佐木源氏）と称し、佐々木氏として有力武士団に成長していく。
• Another example of military Genji compared to Seiwa-Genji is 'Toru-ryu Saga-Genji' who originated from MINAMOTO no Toru of the Saga-Genji, and those who represented the clan as the warriors of Saga-Genji include Settu Province-based Watanabe clan and its branch Matsuura clan, and also those among Uda-Genji who were based in Omi Province were called Omi-Genji (Sasaki-Genji) and grew up to be the powerful samurai group known as the Sasaki clan.

• また、姿を消していく蒸気機関車を追うように1970年代前半に全国でSLブームが起こり、函館本線目名駅 - 上目名駅間（現・廃止）や伯備線布原信号場（現・布原駅）などに代表される撮影ポイントに多くのファンが押し寄せるようになり、まったく鉄道に興味のない人まで蒸気機関車を追いかけるようになったのである。
• In addition, with more people chasing disappearing steam locomotives, a steam locomotive boom took place across the country in the first half of the 1970s; a lot of fans began to come to good places for taking pictures of steam locomotives typified by the place between Mena Station and Kami-mena Station (now abolished) in the Hakodate trunk line and Nunohara Signal Station (now Nunohara Station) in the Kibi Line, and even some people who were not interested in railroads started chasing steam locomotives.

• 紫式部学会とは、1932年（昭和7年）6月4日に、東京帝国大学文学部国文学科主任教授であった藤村作（会長）、東京帝国大学文学部国文学科教授であった久松潜一（副会長）、東京帝国大学文学部国文学研究室副手であった池田亀鑑（理事長）らによって源氏物語に代表される古典文学の啓蒙を目的として設立された学会である。
• The purpose of the Academy of Murasaki Shikibu is to promote classical literature as represented by 'The Tale of Genji'; the academy was established on June 4, 1932 by Tsukuru FUJIMURA (president), who was the head of the Department of Japanese Literature, Faculty of Letters at Tokyo Imperial University; Senichi HISAMATSU (vice-president), a professor of Japanese literature at Tokyo Imperial University; and Kikan IKEDA (chairperson), a junior assistant of the Japanese literature study room at Tokyo Imperial University.

• だが、伊藤の盟友である井上馨外務大臣 (日本)が進めた条約改正案にあった「外国人裁判官」制度と鹿鳴館に代表される欧化政策が内外の反感を買い、自由民権運動による三大事件建白書や大同団結運動、保守中正派（天皇親政派）と見られた谷干城農商務大臣の辞任を招くなど、政府批判が一気に高まった（「明治20年の危機」）。
• However, the policy of Europeanization represented by Rokumeikan and 'a foreigner judge' system, which was included in the amendment of the treaty promoted by Ito's sworn ally Kaoru INOUE, Minister of Foreign Affairs (Japan), antagonized inside and outside Japan, and criticism of the government was mounted rapidly due to the petition of three major affairs by democratic-rights movement, the movement to unite for a common purpose and the resignation of Tateki TANI, Minister of Agriculture and Commerce, who was thought to be a member of conservative political party (direct rule by the emperor party) ([The crisis of the 20th year of the Meiji era]).

• また、皮肉にもこれまで将軍の権威をないがしろにしてきた諸大名も将軍の権威が本当に失われてしまった事でそこに由来していた守護としての統治権そのものの権威までが失われてしまい、配下であった守護代や国人衆による下克上、更には加賀一向一揆や山城国一揆に代表される民衆の一揆からもその領国支配を脅かされるようになっていくのである。
• Moreover, somewhat ironically, the very daimyo that had begun by making light of the Shogun's authority found that when that shogunal authority was truly lost, their own authority and sovereignty as shugo (governors) vanished, and many were overthrown by their deputies or by commoners from their provinces in the phenomenon known as gekokujo (the lower overthrowing the higher); worse yet, peasant uprisings and religious leagues, of which the Kaga Ikko Ikki (a religious league of commoners in Kaga) and a similar Ikki in Yamashiro Province are representative examples, began to threaten the lords' control over their lands.

• この「天下」概念の実例としては、1428年に大越が明から独立した際、この時代を代表する文人であるグエン・チャイが「自趙丁李陳之肇造、我国与漢唐宋元而各帝一方」（趙佗の南越国・丁部領の丁朝・李朝 (ベトナム)・陳朝以来、我が国は中国の漢・唐・宋・元などの王朝と同じく帝を称して天下の一方に君臨してきた）と述べていることがあげられる。
• An example of this notion of 'Tenka' was the remark made by Guen Chai, a man of literature representing this era, in 1428 when Daietsu (Đại Việt) became independent from Ming, saying 'Since the era of Nanetsukoku (the kingdom of Nanyue) founded by Zhao Tuo, the Đinh dynasty founded by Đinh Bộ Lĩnh, the Lý Dynasty (Vietnam) and the Trần Dynasty, my country had reigned over part of 'Tenka' as with the Hang, Tang, Sung or Yuan dynasty in China.'

• 江戸時代の代表的な『源氏物語』の刊本を見ても、「絵入源氏物語」は『源氏物語』本文54冊に、「源氏目案」3冊、「引歌」1冊、「系図」1冊、「山路露」1冊を加えて、「源氏物語湖月抄」は「若菜」上下と「雲隠」を共に数に入れた源氏物語本文55冊に「系図」、「年立」等からなる「首巻」5冊を加えて、いずれも全60冊になる形で出版されている。
• The Tale of Genji with illustrations,' a representative printed book of 'The Tale of Genji' in the Edo period, consists of 54 volumes of 'The Tale of Genji,' three volumes of 'Genji Meyasu,' one volume of 'Poem Quotation,' one volume of 'Genealogy' and one volume of 'Yamaji no Tsuyu,' making 60 volumes, while 'Kogetsu-sho Commentary of The Tale of Genji' has 55 volumes of 'The Tale of Genji,' including two books of 'Wakana' and a book of 'Kumogakure' and five books of 'Kubimaki,' consisting of 'Genealogy,' 'Chronology' and others, which together make a total of 60 volumes.

• 代表的な人物としては、千宗旦・金森宗和・小堀遠州の茶道、後水尾天皇・池坊専好の生け花、安楽庵策伝・三浦為春・松永貞徳・烏丸光広などの文学、石川丈山・林羅山・堀正意の儒学、沢庵宗彭・一糸文守・鈴木正三の禅、近衛信尹・松花堂昭乗・本阿弥光悦の寛永の三筆、角倉素庵・近衛信尋の書、俵屋宗達・狩野探幽の絵画、野々村仁清の陶芸などが挙げられる。
• Famous persons are SEN no Sotan/Sowa KANAMORI/Enshu KOBOI of tea ceremony, the Emperor Gomizunoo/Senko IKENOBO of flower arrangement, Sakuden ANRAKUAN/Tameharu MIURA/Teitoku MATSUNAGA/Mitsuhiro KARASUMARU of literature, Jozan ISHIKAWA/Razan HAYASHI/Seii HORI of Confucianism study, Soho TAKUAN/Monju ISSHI/Shosan SUZUKI of Zen, Nobutada KONOE/Shojo SHOKADO/Koetsu HONNAMI of Kanei no sanpitsu (the three masters of calligraphy in Kanei era), Soan SUMINOKURA/Nobuhiro KONOE of calligraphy, Sotatsu TAWARAYA/Tanyu KANO of paintings and Ninsei NONOMURA of ceramic art.

• それでも、犬養毅（立憲国民党非改革派→革新倶楽部）などの様にあくまでも民衆の代表であるという意識から「民党」という言葉に拘る政治家も存在したが、やがて自由党系と伊藤博文系官僚による立憲政友会と立憲改進党系と桂太郎派による立憲同志会（後の憲政会→立憲民政党）の2大政党に収斂されていくにつれて、民党という言葉は過去のものとなっていった。
• Although there were some politicians such as Tsuyoshi INUKAI (a member of the non-reform group in the Constitutional National Party who later found the Club of Innovation) and others who associated the word 'Minto' with representatives of people, but the word 'Minto' faded away as the movement to reorganize political parties concentrated on two major parties called the Constitutional Party of Political Friends consisting of the Liberal Party and government officials under Hirobumi ITO the Constitutional Association of Friends (it became the Constitutional Association afterwards and changed into the Constitutional Democratic Party) with the Constitutional Progressive Party and the group of Taro KATSURA,

• この会派は陸軍右派として排除された「四将軍派」のうち谷・曾我・鳥尾が揃った（残りの三浦梧楼は三曜会に属した）事に代表されるように国粋主義色の強い右派が多く、藩閥政府――特に伊藤博文に対しては国家の混乱を招いた人物として敵対意識が強く、また山縣有朋系の会派に移行した研究会の方針に不満を抱いて懇話会の結成に参加した者もおり、この両者に対する反発が根強かった。
• In this faction, there were many members with right wing who had strong nationalism including the 'four Shogun group' such as TANI, SOGA and TORIO (but Goro MIURA belonged to the Sanyo-kai) who had been removed as army right wing and they felt hostile toward the Hanbatsu Government, especially Hirobumi ITO as a person who led to national disruption, and also there were some members who were dissatisfied with the Kenkyu-kai policy that was shifted into that of the faction with Aritomo YAMAGATA.

• 武家源氏として名を馳せた清和源氏においては畿内に始まり各地に土着しており、源満仲の子から摂津源氏、大和源氏、河内源氏とに分かれ、河内国を本拠地とした河内源氏の源義家（八幡太郎義家）はその主流で、その子孫は鎌倉幕府を開いた源頼朝に代表される武士として栄え、さらに河内源氏からは石川源氏、甲斐源氏、常陸源氏、下野源氏（足利氏）、上野源氏（新田氏）などが分派している。
• Seiwa-Genji, who enjoyed its fame as military Genji, originated in Kinai, or current Kansai region, spread to various regions, and then split up into Settu-Genji, Yamato-Genji and Kawachi-Genji after MINAMOTO no Mitsunaka, and MINAMOTO no Yoshiie (Taro Yoshiie HACHIMAN) of the Kawachi-Genji, who were based in Kawachi Province, was the mainstream of them, whose descendants flourished as samurai represented by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo, who established the Kamakura bakufu, and other clans such as Ishikawa-Genji, Kai-Genji, Hitachi-Genji, Shimotsuke-Genji (Ashikaga clan) and Kozuke-Genji (Nitta clan) were descended from Kawachi-Genji as well.

• TV界に進出した70年代前半を経て東宝映画にて映画界に戻り、ホリプロ（元会長堀威夫氏）に吉永小百合作品を監督した経験から、山口百恵・三浦友和のゴールデンコンビで『伊豆の踊子』をリメイクする事になり、その後、『潮騒』『絶唱』『エデンの海』とリメイク作品の監督をし、その新鮮さと斬新な監督技法は日本映画界の中でも歴史に残る作品であり、代表作にリメイク作品が多いというのも特色である。
• After that, he played an active role in TV in the early 70's and again started producing movies, since he had experience directing Sayuri YOSHINAGA's movie at Horipro, Inc. (former chairman was Takao HORI), he had an opportunity to remake 'Dancing Girls of Izu' having a famous actress and actor, Momoe YAMAGUCHI and Tomokazu MIURA, they were called the golden combination, and also directed remakes of 'Shiosai,' 'Zessho,' 'Eden no umi,' and he is well known for remaking movies and has a fresh and original technique for directing so his movies remain in the history of Japanese movies.

• これを『鎌倉年代記裏書』にある「討手陸奥の守宗宣、下野の守貞綱既に攻め寄せんと欲するの処に、宗方は殿中（師時の舘、禅閤同宿）の騒擾を聞き、宿所より参らるるの間...」と組合わせると、時村と共に北条庶流を代表していた大仏宗宣らが手勢を率いて宝戒寺近辺の殿中・北条師時の館の貞時に詰め寄り、その騒擾を察知した宗方が、これも手勢を率いて駆けつけようとしたところで大仏宗宣、宇都宮守貞、佐々木時清らに討たる。
• When combining this with the description of 'When the chasers, Munenobu, Mutsu no Kami, and Sadatsuna, Shimotsuke no Kami, were going to attack, Munekata heard disturbing noise at Denchu (Morotoki's residence where Sadatoki, zenko (one of the three principal ministers with priesthood) stayed) and on his way to the residence from his lodging--' in 'Kamkura-Nendaiki-uragaki,' the following situation can be considered: Munenobu OSARAGI, who, together with Tokimura, was a representative of branch Hojo families, and his followers were getting closer to Sadatoki in Denchu (Mototoki HOJO's residence) near to Hokai-ji Temple, and detecting the disturbing noise, Munekata and his followers rushed to the site, and he was killed by Munenobu OSARAGI, Morisada UTSUNOMIYA, and Tokikiyo SASAKI in the fighting.

• 第三條 日本國政府ハ其代表者トシテ韓國皇帝陛下ノ闕下ニ一名ノ韓国統監府(レヂデントゼネラル)ヲ置ク統監ハ專ラ外交ニ關スル事項ヲ管理スル爲京城ニ駐在シ親シク韓國皇帝陛下ニ内謁スルノ權利ヲ有ス日本國政府ハ又韓國ノ各開港場及其他日本國政府ノ必要ト認ムル地ニ理事官(レヂデント)ヲ置クノ權利ヲ有ス理事官ハ統監ノ指揮ノ下ニ從來在韓國日本領事ニ屬シタル一切ノ職權ヲ執行シ並ニ本協約ノ條款ヲ完全ニ實行スル爲必要トスヘキ一切ノ事務ヲ掌理スヘシ
• ARTICLE III. The government of Japan shall be represented at the Court of His Majesty the Emperor of Corea by a Resident General, who shall reside at Seoul, primarily for the purpose of taking charge of and directing matters relating to diplomatic affairs; He shall have the right of private and personal audience of His Majesty the Emperor of Corea; The Japanese Government shall also have the right to station Residents at the several open ports and such other places in Corea as they may deem necessary; Such Residents shall, under the direction of the Resident General, exercise the powers and functions hitherto appertaining to Japanese Consuls in Corea and shall perform such duties as may be necessary in order to carry into full effect the provisions of this Agreement.

• 代表的な演目には、サゲのないものでは、続き物の長編が『牡丹灯籠』（一般には怪談噺に位置付けられる）、『塩原多助一代記』、『真景累ヶ淵』、『安中草三』、『双蝶々』、『ちきり伊勢屋』、『業平文治』、『怪談乳房榎』、『お富与三郎』、一席物は『文七元結』、『三井の大黒』、サゲのあるものでは『芝浜』、『子別れ』（『子は鎹』はその後編）、『紺屋高尾』、『唐茄子屋政談』（上方の『南京屋政談』）、『お直し』、『鼠穴』、『富久』、『火事息子』、『柳田格之進』、『鰍沢』、『立ち切れ線香』などがある。
• Foremost classical stories include the following: among those without point are long continuous stories such as 'Botan Doro (A Tale of the Peony Lamp' (this is usually regarded as Kaidan-banashi), 'The Story of Tasuke SHIOBARA', 'The Spine-Chiller in Kasanegafuchi', 'The Story of Soza ANNAKA', 'Futatsu Chocho (literally, two butterflies): Chobe and Chokichi', 'Chikiri Iseya', 'Bunji NARIHARA', 'The Vendetta under a Nursing Hackberry Tree', 'Otomi Yosaburo'; short stories such as 'Bunshichi's Motoyui Shop', 'Mitsui's Daikoku'; stories with points include 'Dream of a Leather Wallet', 'Parting with Son' (and 'Children Hold a Marriage Together' is the latter part), 'A Dyer and Courtesan Takao', 'The Pumpkin Vendor', 'Onaoshi (Extension Surcharge', 'Rat Hole', 'Kyuzo's Lottery', 'Kaji Musuko (My Son is a Firefighter)', 'Kakunoshin YANAGIDA', 'Kajikazawa Precipice', 'Dying Incense'.