仏: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 仏罰
- Butsubachi (Buddha's punishment)
- お陀仏
- dying
- ruining oneself
- 御内仏
- Onaibutsu (a Buddhist altar)
- 短念仏
- Namaida (short form of 'namuamidabutsu')
- 隠し念仏
- 'Kakushi Nenbutsu' (A General Term for Heretical Sects [and Their Beliefs] Within Buddhism)
- 仏像の声
- Butsuzo no Koe (Voices of Buddhist Statues)
- 仏道修行
- Ascetic Buddhist practice
- 六斎念仏
- Rokusai Nenbutsu
- Rokusai Nenbutsu Dance
- 念仏無間
- Nenbutsu Muken (criticism of Nenbutsu Buddhism as infernal doctrine)
- 中国仏教
- Chinese Buddhism
- Buddhism in China
- 釈迦本仏論
- Shaka Honbutsu-ron (an idea to identify Shakyamuni as Primordial Buddha):
- 日蓮本仏論
- Nichiren Honbutsu-ron (the idea to identify Nichiren with Honbutsu):
- 仏像は語る
- Butsuzo ha Kataru (Buddhist Statues Speak)
- 東大寺大仏
- Todai-ji Temple Great Buddha
- 石仏の種類
- The category of the stone Buddhist images
- 昭和の仏師
- Busshi (Sculptor of Buddhist Statues) of Showa
- 胎蔵界五仏
- Five Buddhas in the Womb Realm
- 仏像の再発見
- Butsuzo no Saihakken (Re-discovery of Buddhist Statues)
- 仏堂の一種。
- It is one of the Buddha halls.
- 号は仏樹房。
- He also used the alias 'Butsujubo.'
- 仏舎利塔一覧
- List of bussharito
- 仏説無量寿経
- Bussetsu Muryojukyo
- 仏説阿弥陀経
- Bussetsu Amida-kyo Sutra
- (称名念仏)
- (Shomyo Nenbutsu) (invocation of the name of Buddha)
- 定朝(仏師)
- Jocho, a sculptor of Buddhist statues
- 念仏の衆生を
- by which all creatures that chant Buddhist sutra
- 仏像の見分け方
- Butsuzo no Miwakekata (How to Identify Buddhist Statues)
- 仏法上の弟子。
- He/she is a Buddhist disciple.
- 仏師初の法印。
- Chosei gained 'hoin' (the highest rank of Buddhist priests), the first of all busshi to do so.
- 仏説観無量寿経
- Bussetsu Kanmuryoju Kyo sutra
- 仏説小無量寿経
- Bussetsu Sho Muryoju-kyo Sutra
- 阿弥陀仏の本願
- Original Vow of Amida Buddha
- 明治の廃仏毀釈
- Haibutsu-kishaku during the Meiji period
- 排仏棄釈とも。
- It is also written as 排仏棄釈 (Haibutsu-kishaku) in Chinese characters.
- 称名念仏について
- About Shomyo Nenbutsu
- 阿弥陀仏の本願。
- The first meaning is the 'Hongan,' the Original Vow or pranidhana made by Amida Buddha, or Amitabha.
- 『仏説阿弥陀経』
- 'Bussetsu Amida-kyo Sutra'
- 『仏説無量寿経』
- 'Bussetsu Muryoju-kyo' Sutra
- 称讃浄土仏摂受経
- Shosan Jodo Butsu Shoju-kyo Sutra
- 絹本着色仏涅槃図
- Color painting on silk of Buddha nirvana
- 絹本著色仏涅槃図
- Kenpon Chakushoku Butsu Nehan-zu (a picture of Buddha entering Nirvana, colored on silk cloth)
- Color on silk image of Nirvana
- Entering Nirvana, in color on silk canvas
- やさしい仏像の見方
- Yasashii Butsuzo no Mikata (Beginners' Guide to Appreciate Buddhist Statues)
- 仏教のことをいう。
- Naido means Buddhism.
- 大乗仏教における罪
- The sins in Mahayana Buddhism
- 合掌礼拝・称名念仏
- Gassho raihai and shomyo nenbutsu
- 仏花を立て替える。
- Change the bukka (flowers for the Buddha).
- 『仏説観無量寿経』
- 'Bussetsu Kanmuryoju-kyo' Sutra
- 山岳仏教の対象の山
- The mountains worshipped in Mountain Buddhism
- 本尊は釈迦牟尼仏。
- Its honzon (principal image of Buddha) is Shakamuni-butsu.
- 紙本着色仏鬼軍絵巻
- Color painting picture scroll of Bukkigun
- 仏教用語一覧の一。
- One of the Buddhist terms in the list.
- 盂蘭盆(仏教行事)
- The Urabon Festival (a festival of the dead of Buddhist All Souls' Day, around the 15th of July or August, depending on the local custom) (Buddhist rite)
- 願名…見諸仏土の願
- Title: Kenshobutsudo no gan
- 願名…供養諸仏の願
- Title: Kuyoshobutsu no gan
- 運慶 仏像彫刻の革命
- Unkei: Butsuzo Chokoku no Kakumei (Unkei: Revolution of Sculpture of Buddhist Statues)
- 仏教用語としての用法
- Usage as Buddhist terminology
- その他仏教宗派の解釈
- The interpretations of other Buddhist sects
- - 全日本仏教会会長
- The President of the All Japan Buddhist Federation
- 仏説大乗無量寿荘厳経
- Bussetsu daijo muryoju shogonkyo sutra
- 仏説無量清浄平等覚経
- Chinese Commentaries on 'Buddha's Immeasurably Pure Sutra on the Equal Enlightenment'
- 京都十三仏霊場第五番
- The fifth temple of the Kyoto 13 Buddha Sacred Sites pilgrimage
- 諡号は仏徳大通禅師。
- His shigo (a posthumous name) was Buttoku Daitsu Zenji.
- 転じて仏の言葉をいう。
- The term has shifted to mean the utterances of Buddha.
- 樒・仏花を立て替える。
- Change the shikimi (Japanese star anise) and bukka.
- 本尊は如法仏眼曼荼羅。
- Its honzon (principal image of Buddha) is Nyoho Butsugen Mandala.
- 地獄 (仏教)も参照。
- Refer to Hell (Buddhism).
- 仏法を学んでいる状態。
- This is the state of learning Buddhism.
- これが日蓮本仏論である。
- This idea is called Nichiren Honbutsu-ron.
- 念仏和讃(六首引・三淘)
- Nenbutsu wasan with rokushubiki, mitsuyuri.
- 念仏和讃(三首引・三淘)
- Nenbutsu wasan with sanshubiki, mitsuyuri.
- 遊行歴代他阿弥陀仏書状類
- Letters of Past Yugyo and Amida Buddha
- 1955年 愛宕念仏寺住職
- 1955 Became the chief priest of Otagi Nenbutsu-ji Temple
- チベット仏教の仏塔である。
- They are pagodas of Tibetan Buddhism.
- 正午前には、仏供を下げる。
- The buku should be taken away before noon.
- 仏の視点による善悪である。
- It means good and evil from Budda's point of view.
- 本尊は十一面観音(秘仏)。
- Its honzon (principal image of Buddha) is Eleven-Faced Kannon (Goddess of Mercy) (a Buddhist image normally withheld from public view).
- 上述の日蓮本仏論と対立する。
- It is antagonistic to the above mentioned Nichiren Honbutsu-ron.
- - 小乗仏教のうち声聞の境地
- State of Shomon (person who listens to teachings) in Hinayana Buddhism
- - 小乗仏教のうち縁覚の境地
- State of Engaku (self-enlightened saints) in Hinayana Buddhism
- 最初に仏法と結縁させること。
- This also describes the initial connection with Buddhism.
- 仏教以外の教えのことをいう。
- Gedo is any religious teaching other than that of Buddhism.
- 自宅のお内仏の前でも用いる。
- It is also used in front of the onaibutsu at home.
- この点で、浄土は仏土である。
- From this point of view, Jodo is the land of Buddha.
- 仏の使いとして行動する状態。
- This is the state of acting as an envoy of Buddha.
- 仏教で用いられる言葉である。
- The expression is used in Buddhism.
- - 大乗仏教のうち華厳宗の境地
- State of Kegon sect in Mahayana Buddhism
- - 大乗仏教のうち天台宗の境地
- State of Tendai-shu sect in Mahayana Buddhism
- 『仏鑑禅師語録』(1370年)
- 'Bukkan Zenji Goroku' (Teachings of Bushun Shiban) (1370)
- 『仏光国師語録』(1370年)
- 'Bukko Kokushi Goroku' (Teachings of Bukko Kokushi) (1370)
- そこで、念仏三昧の日を送った。
- So he spent his days of nenbutsu-zammai (mental absorption in the nenbutsu).
- - 全日本仏教会会長(3回目)
- The President of All Japan Buddhist Federation (for the third time)
- - 全日本仏教会会長(2回目)
- The President of the All Japan Buddhist Federation (for the second time)
- 本堂 - 室町時代の禅宗様仏殿
- The hondo (main hall) is a Zen sect-style Buddha hall of the Muromachi period.
- 極重悪人唯称仏 我亦在彼摂取中
- A person burdened with extreme evil should simply say the Name: Although I too am within Amida's grasp,
- 念仏衆生(ねんぶつしゅじょう)
- 念仏衆生 (Nenbutsu shujo)
- 法事(ほうじ)、仏事ともいう。
- It is also called hoji (a memorial service, a Buddhist service) or butsuji (a Buddhist service, a Buddhist service for the dead).
- 『選択本願念仏集』(『選択集』)
- 'Senchaku Hongan Nenbutsu-shu' (also known as Senchaku-shu) (Passages on the Selection of the Nenbutsu in the Original Vow)
- 大阪仏舎利塔 (大阪府寝屋川市)
- Osaka Bussharito (Neyagawa City, Osaka Prefecture)
- - 第2回世界仏教徒会議名誉総裁
- The second Honorary President of the World Fellowship of Buddhists
- 唱和後、合掌のまま称名念仏する。
- After the end of speaking, do shomyo nenbutsu while keeping the position of gassho.
- したがって、浄土とは仏国である。
- Hence, Jodo is the Buddha-land.
- その特徴は一つは山岳仏教である。
- One such feature is Mountain Buddhism.
- 融通念仏宗もその文脈で出てくる。
- The Yuzu Nenbutsu sect also appeared within this context.
- 仏教のさとりは無我の証得である。
- In Buddhism, to attain enlightenment is to attain the state of perfect self-effacement.
- 願名…聞名得定の願・住定供仏の願
- Title: Monmyotokujo no gan and Jujokubutsu no gan
- 無量の諸仏はこの本仏の迹仏とする。
- And, many other unaccountable numbers of Buddha were considered as Shakubutsu (temporary figures of Primordial Buddha.)
- 仏教は元来、三宝を尊ぶ宗教である。
- Traditionally, Buddhism worships Sanpo.
- 諡号は仏智弘済禅師・大宝正眼国師。
- 仏智弘済禅師 and Daiho shogen kokushi were his posthumous names.
- 名古山霊苑仏舎利塔(兵庫県姫路市)
- Nagoyama reien bussharito (Himeji City, Hyogo Prefecture)
- 仏壇内部に汚れがあれば、掃除する。
- Clean the interior of the butsudan if necessary.
- 中巌は道号で、諡号は仏種慧済禅師。
- Chugan was his dogo (a pseudonym as a priest) and his shigo (a posthumous name) was Zenji (Master of Zen Buddhism).
- つまり仏法の要点・肝要を知ること。
- That is, to know the critical point or essence of Buddhism.
- - 大乗仏教のうち唯識・法相宗の境地
- State of Yuishiki (consciousness-only) or Hosso sect in Mahayana Buddhism
- - 大乗仏教のうち中観・三論宗の境地
- State of Chugan (Intermediate) or Sanron Sect in Mahayana Buddhism
- 「正信念仏偈」の依釈段に示してある。
- They are listed in Eshakudan (chapters of teachings of the patriarchs) of 'Shoshin Nenbutsuge' (The Hymn of True Faith).
- 浄土真宗に詳しい仏具店で入手できる。
- They are available in butsugu (Buddhist altar fittings) stores that are familiar with Jodo Shinshu sect.
- 拝読(拝聴)後、合掌礼拝・称名念仏。
- When reading has finished, do gassho raihai and shomyo nenbutsu
- 仏説阿弥陀三耶三仏薩楼仏檀過度人道経
- The Sutra on the Way of Salvation of Humans by Amida, the Perfectly Enlightened One, that Transcends all Buddhas
- 阿弥陀仏が救済の対象は、衆生である。
- Ordinary people are the objects of Amidanyorai's salvation.
- その中に灌仏桶を置き、甘茶を満たす。
- Inside the hanamido, a Kanbutsu-oke tub is placed to be filled with amacha (hydrangea tea).
- 願くは仏の慈心(じしん)遙かに護念し
- I wish that you will guard us from afar with love of Buddha.
- 現在の天台宗は本仏思想を説いていない。
- Currently, the Tendai sect is not preaching the thought of Honbutsu.
- 金銀玉などで飾り立てた装飾仏塔のこと。
- Tahoto pagoda is a decorative Buddhist pagoda adorned with gold, silver, jewels, and so on.
- 信者同士では在家仏教、内信心とも呼ぶ。
- Within believers, it is also called 'Zaike Bukkyo' (the lay devotees' Buddhism) or 'Naishinjin' (the inward belief).
- 宝珠:仏舎利(釈迦の骨)が納められる。
- Hoju (a bulb-shaped ornament): It contains Busshari (Buddha's ashes).
- お内仏の中が暗ければ、金灯籠をつける。
- Light the kintoro (lantern) if the inside of onaibutsu is dark.
- 詳細は下記の仏説無量寿経を参照のこと。
- The details can be found in the following Bussetsu Muryojukyo:
- 雑穢の世界は成仏への修行の妨げである。
- The world of the impure hinders the ascetic in training from becoming a Buddha.
- 本尊は久遠実成本師釈迦牟尼仏・大黒天。
- Its honzon (the principal image of Buddha) is Kuon-jitsujo honshi Shakamuni-butsu (the eternal life of the Buddha) and Daikokuten (Mahakala).
- 細川頼之の妻の念持仏であったと伝える。
- It is said to be a nenjibutsu (a small statue of Buddha kept beside the person) of Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA's wife.
- 木造一休和尚坐像 - 方丈仏間に安置。
- Wooden seated statue of Ikkyu Osho: Installed in the Hojo Buddha room
- 4月 四月八日の潅仏会(釈迦の誕生日)
- April: Kanbutsue (celebration of Buddha's birthday) (birthday of Buddha) on April 8
- 本仏思想は12世紀頃の天台宗に見られる。
- The thought of Honbutsu appeared in the Buddhist doctrine of the Tendai sect in the 12th century.
- 阿弥陀仏の本願の趣旨に相応していること。
- The teachings should match the purpose of the Original Vow of Amida Buddha.
- 仏壇がある納骨壇は主に後者に用いられる。
- The nokotsudan, a nokotsudo equipped with an altar, is mainly used as the latter one.
- この塔は覆鉢式塔(仏舎利塔)と呼ばれる。
- This pagoda is called Fukubachi-shiki to (pagoda with a small, inverted bowl-like fixture placed on it), or Busshari to (pagoda to honor the ashes of Shakyamuni).
- こうして盤珪は「不生の仏心」に目覚める。
- In this way, Bankei awakened to 'the Buddha mind of living in the world without hesitation.'
- 一乗とは、唯一仏になる教えのことをいう。
- Ichijo means a teaching to become the only Buddha.
- したがって“仏罰”の概念には相当しない。
- Therefore, it did not correspond to the idea of 'Butsubachi.'
- 行とは、衆生を救うための阿弥陀仏の修行。
- 'Gyo' refers to the ascetic practices of Amida Buddha for the salvation of mankind.
- 仏界における「悟り」とは根本的に異なる。
- It is fundamentally different from the 'enlightenment' of Buddhahood.
- - 全日本仏教会会長就任(~1980年)
- Assumed the title of President of the All Japan Buddhist Federation (- 1980).
- - 全日本仏教会会長就任(~1990年)
- Assumed the title of President of the All Japan Buddhist Federation (- 1990).
- 仏像としての作例は近世以降のものが多い。
- Many Buddha statues were made in and since the recent times.
- 愛宕念仏寺羅漢堂 天井画、壁画、十大弟子像
- Ceiling and walls paintings and statues of ten major disciples of Shakamuni in rakando (an arhats hall) of Otagi Nenbutsu-ji Temple
- 成仏得道の種を衆生の心田に蒔いて下すこと。
- This describes the sowing of the seeds of Buddhahood and salvation in people's field of the mind and to let them take root.
- 熟した仏の種から茎が伸び成熟して開花する。
- From the ripe seed of Buddhahood, a stem will grow, the plant will ripen, and a flower will bloom.
- 長勢の最も名高い業績は法勝寺の造仏である。
- Chosei's most famous achievement was the making of statues enshrined in Hosho-ji Temple.
- 最初と最後は、本尊を仰ぎ見て称名念仏する。
- But, it is required to be looking up at the honzon when doing the shomyo nenbutsu at the beginning and the end of a raihai.
- 朝に仏供を備えた場合は、備える必要は無い。
- Buku is not necessary if it was served at the morning gongyo.
- 念仏和讃(三首引〈もしくは六首引〉・三淘)
- Nenbutsu wasan (a Buddhist hymn of reciting sutra) with sanshubiki or rokushubiki, mitsuyuri (a style of reciting sutra).
- このような清浄の世界は正しく仏の国である。
- This sort of pure land is the legitimate land of Buddha.
- 詳細は下記の『仏説阿弥陀経』を参照のこと。
- Concerning the details, refer to the item of 'Bussetsu Amida-kyo Sutra' below.
- 関東では多様な表現での石仏が多く彫られた。
- In the Kanto region, various types of stone Buddhist images were carved.
- 普散香華心送仏(ふさんこうけしんそうぶつ)
- 普散香華心送仏 (Fusan koke shinsobutsu)
- 願仏慈心遙護念(がんぶつじしんようごねん)
- 願仏慈心遙護念 (Ganbutsu jishin yo gonen)
- 以降、仏師・仏像修理技師としての修行を積む。
- Since then, he trained himself as a busshi and a Buddhist Statues repair specialist.
- 基本的に「称名」と「念仏」とは別の語である。
- Basically, 'Shomyo' (intoning or chanting the name of the Buddha) and 'Nenbutsu' are two separate words.
- 浄土真宗の仏壇の本尊の「脇掛」として掛ける。
- It is displayed as 'Wakigake' (Side Objects of Honor) of Honzon at a Buddhist alter of Jodo Shinshu.
- 数珠を持って、念仏を口で称えることを奨めた。
- He exhorted to speak out nenbutsu with juzu (a roll of beads) in ones hands.
- 『讃阿弥陀仏偈』…阿弥陀如来への讃美の偈文。
- 'San Amida butsu ge' (Hymns in Praise of Amida Buddha) is a tribute to Amida tathagata in poetic verse.
- 弥勒仏を中心に兜率天の様子を描いた浄土変相図
- Jodo henso-zu, describing the scenery of Tosotsuten (The fourth of six heavens in the world of desire) and Amida Nyorai in the center;
- 延て此寺に及び、堂宇灰と成り、仏像煙と化す。
- The fire spread to our temple, burning down its buildings and reducing the statue of Buddha to ashes.
- 聯燈会要・釈迦牟尼仏章には「世尊在霊山会上。
- In the Shakamuni-butsu chapter of Lien-teng-hui-yao (Zen sect history), it says 'Seson was at Ryozenejo.
- 「朝題目に、夕念仏」と言われたものとされる。
- This was called 'morning Lotus Sutra chanting and evening Amida Buddha prayers.'
- このように、念仏には、様々な受け取り方がある。
- As seen from above, there are many ways to interpret Nenbutsu.
- 「仏弟子の世に居るや、その命の正邪は心に在り。
- 'Living here in the world of Buddhist disciples, right and wrong reside in the heart.
- 出家後はひたすら法華経を読んで、念仏を唱えた。
- After becoming a nun, she earnestly read the Hoke-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra) and prayed to the Amida Buddha.
- その後赦され下総国栗原で念仏を布教したという。
- He was later forgiven, and it is said that he propagated nenbutsu (Buddhist invocation) at Kurihara, Shimofusa Province.
- なぜなら阿弥陀仏の救済の対象は、無条件である。
- This is because there is no condition for being a subject of salvation by Amida Buddha.
- 仏教では成仏するために修行をしなくていけない。
- In Buddhism, ascetic practices have to be done to become a Buddha.
- ただし、これは仏教全体の解釈ではない(後述)。
- However, this is not a common interpretation in Buddhism as a whole (as referred to hereinafter).
- 「正信偈」草四句目下、 または「嘆仏偈」など。
- Shoshinge' with soshikumesage or 'tanbutsuge.'
- 『仏説無量寿経』2巻 西晋の竺法護訳とされる。
- 'Bussetsu Muryojukyo, Vol. 2,' which is said to have been translated by Hogo JIKU in West Jin.
- それらの中でも阿弥陀仏の西方極楽浄土は有名だ。
- Amongst them, the Amida Buddha's 'Seiho Gokuraku Jodo (The West Pure Land)' is a famous one.
- 亡くなるまで念仏を日々7万遍称えたといわれる。
- It is said that he repeated nenbutsu (Buddhist invocation) 70,000 times each day until his death.
- 1703年(元禄16年) 真如、遷仏会を行う。
- In 1703 Shinyo held the ceremony for the grave.
- 法華経に登場し、釈尊の説法を賛嘆した仏である。
- It is the Buddha who appeared in Hoke-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra) and acclaimed the preaching of Sakyamuni.
- 荒神は、仏法ならびに伽藍の守護神のことである。
- Kojin (the god of cooking stoves) refers to a guardian deity of Buddhism and Buddhist temples.
- この第十二・十三願によって真仏土巻が説かれる。
- Vow 12 and Vow 13 explain Shinbutsudokan.
- 多宝塔などの仏塔を美称して用いられることもある。
- The term 'Hoto' is also used as an eulogistic name for other Buddhist pagodas, including Tahoto pagoda (a multi-treasure pagoda).
- 『観念阿弥陀仏相海三昧功徳法門』(『観念法門』)
- 'Kannen Amida Butsu sokai sanmai kudoku homon' (also known as 'Kannen homon') (Method of Contemplation)
- 『仏説無量寿経』巻下に以下のように説かれている。
- In maki no ge (the lower volume) of 'Bussetsu Muryoju-kyo' (the Sutra of the Buddha of Immeasurable Life) it is preached as follows:
- 内道を説く仏教の中でも、大乗と小乗に区別される。
- In Buddhism, or Naido, it is further distinguished into Mahayana and Hinayana.
- 宝珠は仏舎利が納められるため、最も重要とされる。
- Hoju is regarded the most important part because it contains Busshari.
- 『新無量寿経』2巻 東晋の仏陀跋陀羅訳とされる。
- 'Shin Muryoju kyo sutra, Vol. 2,' which is said to have been translated by Buddhabhadra in East Jin.
- 願とは、「南無」と阿弥陀仏に帰命する衆生の願い。
- 'Gan' refers to the wishes of those among mankind who believe 'Namu' and Amida Buddha.
- 庫裏(くり)とは、仏教寺院における伽藍のひとつ。
- Kuri (庫裏) refers to a single building among a Buddhist temple complex.
- 山号は福寿山、開山は仏国国師、本尊は釈迦牟尼佛。
- Its sango (literally, 'mountain name,' the title prefixed to the name of a Buddhist temple) is Fukujusan; the founder was Bukkoku Kokushi, and the principal image is Shakamuni-butsu.
- 仏像の周囲(側壁や天蓋)に描写されることが多い。
- It is often drawn around the Buddhist statues (side wall or canopy).
- 一心に敬って十方法界に常住する仏を礼したてまつる
- With devoted respect, I worship Buddha living in Jippohokai (all of the existing world).
- 天台教学の伝統を表した『仏祖統紀』巻50に出る。
- It is written in the 50th volume of the 'Bussotoki' (Record of the Lineage of the Buddha and the Patriarchs), showing the tradition of Tendai thought.
- 請仏膸縁還本国(しょうぶつずいえんげんぽんごく)
- 請仏膸縁還本国 (Shobutsu zuien genbongoku)
- しかし、寺院のみでなく各家庭の仏壇も御内仏である。
- An altar for an individual household is also called onaibutsu.
- すぐに美術院国宝修理所に入所、仏像修理の道に入る。
- Soon he entered the Kokuho Shurijo (atelier to restore national treasures) of the Nihon Bijitsuin (The Japan Art Institute) to devote himself to repair Buddhist statues.
- 六斎念仏(ろくさいねんぶつ)とは、踊念仏のひとつ。
- Rokusai Nenbutsu is one of Odori Nenbutsu (chanting of prayers while dancing).
- - 「南無阿弥陀仏ノ回向ノ」三首引(六首引)・三淘
- by rokushubiki mitsuyuri including the waka beginning with 'namuamidabutsunoekono.'
- 法とはその衆生を救う阿弥陀仏の本願力(阿弥陀仏)。
- 'Ho' refers to Honganriki (power of the original vow) of Amida Buddha, who saves the mankind (amidabutsu).
- 一方、空海は奈良仏教に対し、融和的な態度をとった。
- Meanwhile, Kukai took a conciliatory attitude toward Nara Buddhism.
- 紙本阿弥陀如来摺仏等68枚 - 本尊の像内納入品。
- The sixty-eight prints of Amida Nyorai on paper: Placed in the body of honzon.
- ヘダラとは「供物の花」という意味の仏教用語である。
- The word 'Hedara' (Eurya japonica) is a Buddhist terminology which means 'the flower for altarage.'
- 行住坐臥にも報ずべし、かの仏の恩徳(おんどく)を。
- I must call the name of Amida Buddha in every single action of mine.
- 諸行の中に念仏を用うるは、かの仏の本願なる故なり。
- I chant the invocation of Buddha's name because it is a true purpose of Buddha.
- そのため宗教界から「昭和の仏師」などと称せられた。
- Since then, Shinjo was called 'Busshi of Showa.'
- 「願以此功徳 普及於一切 我等与衆生 皆共成仏道」
- 'Hope this merit influences widely to mankind to attain Buddhism together'
- この論では、日蓮は仏弟子であり、本仏ではないとなる。
- In this theory, Nichiren is not recognized as Honbutsu, but just a disciple of Buddha.
- 日蓮の本仏思想は、中古天台思想の影響といわれている。
- It is said that Nichiren's belief in honbutsu was affected by Chuko Tendai Shiso (literally, thought of half-old Tendai sect doctrine.)
- ここで、宗門の釈尊本仏論派のひとつの解釈を解説する。
- Here is an interpretation of Shakamuni Honbutsuron (a believing Shakamuni as the True Buddha) by the sects.
- 日蓮は、これらの仏典を根拠として、次のように述べた。
- Based on these Buddhist scriptures, Nichiren stated the following.
- しかれば南無阿弥陀仏を本とすべしと仰せられ候ふなり。
- He said that Namu Amida Butsu should therefore be the fundamental.
- したがって仏罰という概念自体が存在しない宗派も多い。
- Therefore, many sects do not have an idea of Butsubachi itself.
- 戒律を扶(たす)け仏性の常住をあらわす、という意味。
- It means to promote religious precepts and clarify that bussho (the Buddhist nature) is eternal.
- 仏前における正装なので、できることなら用意しておく。
- This is the formal dress when in front of the Buddha, therefore it is desirable to have one.
- 念仏の数に特に決まりは無く、数にこだわる事はしない。
- There is no rule for the number of times of nenbutsu, and the number is not considered as important.
- 一礼後に、本尊を仰ぎ見ながら合掌礼拝・称名念仏する。
- After bowing, do gassho raihai and shomyo nenbutsu while looking up the honzon.
- 短念仏、もしくは念仏和讃(六首引〈三首引〉)回り口。
- Namaida or Nenbutsu wasan rokushubiki or sanshubiki by mawariguchi.
- 阿弥陀仏の本願は、「魏訳」と同じ「四十八願」である。
- The original vow of Amitabha is 'forty-eight' the same as in 'the Wei translation.'
- 『仏説無量清浄平等覚経』2巻 曹魏の白延訳とされる。
- 'The Wu-liang ch'ing-ching p'ing-teng chiao-ching, Vol. 2,' which is said to have been translated by Baiyan in Sogi.
- 『仏説阿弥陀経』1巻 後秦鳩摩羅什訳(略称『小経』)
- 'Bussetsu Amida-kyo' (The Sutra of Amida Buddha): One volume, translated by Kumaraju of the late Quin (an abbreviated title: 'Shokyo')
- 称名(しょうみょう)とは、仏・菩薩の名を称えること。
- Shomyo means the invocation of the name(s) of the Buddha and/or Bodhisattva.
- 特に、阿弥陀仏の名号である南無阿弥陀仏を称えること。
- Shomyo especially means reciting Namu Amida butsu, which is the myogo (name) of Amida Buddha and signifies Homage to Amida Buddha.
- したがって、浄土は成仏を目標とする菩薩の世界である。
- Hence, the Jodo is the world of Bosatsu attaining to become a Buddha.
- 「他力」とはそのまま「阿弥陀仏の本願の働き」である。
- 'Tariki 'exactly means 'the power of the Original Vow made by Amida Buddha.'
- 灌仏会(かんぶつえ)は、釈迦の誕生を祝う行事である。
- Kanbutsue is a ceremony that celebrates the birth of Buddha.
- 南○無阿○弥陀○仏 →→→ なー○むあー○みだー○ぶ
- Na-Omua-Omida-Obu.
- このうち、大日如来と四仏を合わせて胎蔵界五仏と呼ぶ。
- Of these, Dainichi and the other four Nyorai are called the Five Buddhas in the Womb Realm.
- あまねく香華(こうげ)を散じて心に仏を送りたてまつる
- I send you from my heart, with sweet flowers scattered everywhere.
- また浄土真宗では、「此功徳」を阿弥陀仏の功徳とする。
- And the Jodo Shinshu sect take 'this merit' as the merit of Amida Buddha.
- この利他のはたらきも、阿弥陀仏の本願力の回向による。
- This altruistic attainment is also done by eko with Amida Buddha's honganriki (power of original vow).
- 時代の経過につれて、仏の功徳を念ずるという念仏となる。
- With the passage of time, nenbutsu came to be called a sacred act of praying to the Buddha.
- 仏陀・法 (仏教)・僧の三宝を祀るため、三宝尊と言う。
- It is referred to as Sanposon because Sanpo (three treasures of Buddhism), which are Buddha, sutras and priesthood, are worshipped.
- 仏塔を簡略化し、五輪塔と同じく五大を表したものである。
- The tablet is a simplified substitute for a pagoda, and it symbolizes godai (the five universal elements of earth, water, fire, wind and sky), just as gorinto (a kind of stupa composed of five different shapes of stones stacked atop one another) does.
- 衆生の機根と仏の応化が相互に通じて融合することをいう。
- It means a mutual integration of the capability of people and Buddha's assumption of suitable form.
- 東司(とうす)とは、仏教寺院における便所のことをいう。
- Tosu is a lavatory in Buddhist temples.
- 平時は、勤行後に仏供を仏器に盛糟を用いて盛り、備える。
- At the regular gongyo, heap bukki (food offering bowl for the home altar) with buku using mosso (frame to heap buku) and serve when the gongyo has finished.
- 『仏説無量寿経』2巻 魏 (三国)の康僧鎧訳…「魏訳」
- 'Bussetsu Muryojukyo, Vol. 2,' translated by Sogi Kosogai in Wei: 'Wei translation.'
- よって阿弥陀仏の本願の働きであると浄土教側は解釈する。
- So the priests of the Jodo kyo interpreted Tariki as the work of the Original Vow made by Amida Buddha.
- この意味で、浄土とは仏の自利利他の二利満足の場である。
- In this sense, the Jodo is a place for Buddha's satisfaction, and for the benefit of others - the satisfaction for both parties.
- 日本では、一般に『仏説阿弥陀経』(鳩摩羅什訳)を指す。
- In Japan, it usually refers to 'Bussetsu Amida-kyo Sutra' (translated by Kumaraju).
- 『阿弥陀経』(あみだきょう)は、大乗仏教の経典の一つ。
- 'Amida-kyo Sutra' (Sutra of Amida Buddha) is one of sutras of Mahayama Buddhism.
- 菩提僧正万里の滄海を渡り、これを崛して仏眼を開かしむ。
- It was then consecrated by a venerable Buddhist priest who was invited from across the sea.
- 基本的に皇室や藤原氏などの貴族仏教としての性格を持つ。
- Basically, it had the characteristics of an aristocratic Buddhism for the Imperial Court and the Fujiwara clan.
- 鎌倉時代の1289年、仏国国師を開山として創建された。
- The temple was founded in 1289 by Bukkoku Kokushi, the first chief priest during the Kamakura period.
- 鎌倉時代初期には法然がこの寺で別時念仏を修したという。
- It is believed that Honen studied Betsuji Nenbutsu in this temple during the early Kamakura period.
- 送仏偈(そうぶつげ)とは仏を本国に送る為の偈文である。
- Sobutsuge is a gemon by which to send a soul to where it should reside.
- 仏法僧の三宝を守護し、不浄を厭離(おんり)するという。
- It is believed that sanpokojin protected three treasures of Buddhism--Buddha, the sutras and priesthood--and abhorred uncleanliness.
- また釈尊の過去世には無数の仏の下で修行したこととされた。
- Also Shakyamuni was believed that he had done practices under hosts of many Buddha in his past world.
- 在家の御内仏の場合、仏壇の内側の両側面に掛けて荘厳する。
- For a household altar of lay believers, homyo-jiku are hung solemnly on both inner sides of the altar.
- この場合の念仏は、仏の属性には大慈・大悲・大光明がある。
- In this case, nenbutsu means that within the attributes of the Buddha, there is Daiji (great compassion), Daihi (great mercy) and Daikomyo (great hope).
- 自らが、阿弥陀如来の本願を信じた上で、念仏し生きたこと。
- The person should live and chant nenbutsu (Buddhist invocation) by oneself while believing in the Original Vow of Amida Buddha (Amitabha Tathagata).
- だが、当時の仏教界は仏暦に関して余りにも無関心であった。
- The world of Buddhism at the time was too indifferent to Butsureki (Buddhist calendar).
- 中国の仏塔の頂にある相輪は卒塔婆をかたどったものである。
- The sorin (metal pinnacle) atop the Chinese pagoda was modeled after the stupa.
- 同尊像は、寿永3年、北条時政の持仏として二体きざまれた。
- In 1184, two venerable statues of the Fudo Myoo were made as private Buddhist statues of Tokimasa HOJO.
- 日本宗教代表者会議名誉議長、全日本仏教会会長などを歴任。
- He held positions such as the honorary chairman of Japanese Religions Representative Conference and the president of the All Japan Buddhist Federation.
- 延久2年(1070年)には円宗寺金堂の造仏をも担当した。
- In 1070, he took charge of making statues enshrined in Enso-ji Temple's Kondo.
- 朝は仏具儀式で使用する物・華瓶(けびょう)の水を替える。
- In the morning, change the water in the kahin or kebyo (both mean flower vase).
- 日本では、一般に『仏説無量寿経』(康僧鎧訳)の事をさす。
- In Japan, it is generally referred to as 'Bussetsu Muryojukyo'(translated by Sogi Kosogai).
- 康和2年(1100年)、仏眼院を供養し、検校に補された。
- In 1100 he held a memorial service for the dead at the Butsugen-in Temple and was assigned to kengyo (temple or shrine administrator).
- 自己の善根を仏果に向け、自我への執着を除去しようとする。
- The charity one pursues is turned to Buddhahood to remove self-obsession.
- そこから意味が派生して、往生とは仏になる事と考えられる。
- Given the foregoing, it is considered that ojo means to become a Buddha.
- もっとも、日蓮本人は一言も本仏であると宣言したことはない。
- Nevertheless, Nichiren had never claimed himself as Primordial Buddha.
- いくつかの仏典には、臨終の相についてさまざまに説いている。
- Some Buddhist scriptures preach the states of rinju in various ways.
- 禅宗寺院で修行僧の食事、仏や祖師への供膳をつかさどる役職。
- Tenzo is a position in charge of cooking meals for ascetic monks, as well as of serving trays of offerings for Buddha statues and the founder of the sect.
- また当時現存していた仏書を学林に収め続蔵経を編纂している。
- He also compiled Zokuzo-kyo Sutra with Buddhist literature that existed during that time in Gakurin (the official academy of scholars).
- この物語の金持ちである親友とは仏で、貧乏な男は声聞である。
- In this story, the wealthy best friend was Buddha and the poor man was Shomon.
- それには阿弥陀如来に深く帰依し、称名念仏する事を勧めます。
- You are recommended to deeply devote yourself to Amida Nyorai (Amitabha Tathagata) and invoke the name of Amida Buddha.
- 聖(ひじり)とは、日本において諸国を回遊した仏教僧をいう。
- 'Hijiri' refers to a Japanese Buddhist priest who traveled around local provinces.
- 中華人民共和国では「仏舎利塔」のことを「覆鉢式塔」と呼ぶ。
- In the People's Republic of China, 'bussharito' is called 'fukubachishiki (inverted bowl style) pagoda.'
- 誕生仏の像をその中央に安置し、柄杓で像に甘茶をかけて祝う。
- A Buddhist statue is placed at the center and amacha is poured over it with a tea ladle as a celebration.
- それ以来、宗派を問わず灌仏会の代名詞として用いられている。
- Since then, it has been used to refer to Kanbutsue regardless of sects.
- 『仏説無量寿経』2巻 魏 (三国)康僧鎧訳(略称『大経』)
- 'Bussetsu Muryoju-kyo' (the Sutra of the Buddha of Immeasurable Life): Two volumes, translated by Kosogai of the Wei dynasty (Three States period) (an abbreviated title: 'Daikyo Sutra')
- 他には猊下、台下から念仏を受ける授与十念というものもある。
- In addition, there are other methods such as the 'juyo junen' for receiving a Buddhist invocation from a Geika or Daika (high priest).
- 一心に敬って十方法界に常住する法 (仏教)を礼したてまつる
- With devoted respect, I worship the laws of Buddhism living in Jippohokai.
- 大日如来以外の四仏の位置と方角をまとめると次の通りである。
- The following concerns which Nyorai (other than Dainichi) is depicted and in what direction.
- 法華経提婆達多品で、8歳の竜女が成仏する場面を由来とする。
- The idea originates from a scene in Devadatta chapter of the Lotus Sutra, where an eight-year-old dragon girl (the daughter of the dragon king Sagara) attains Buddhahood.
- それは理法という形でとらえた法身としての仏を念ずるのである。
- It is a way to pray to Buddha as a hosshin (dharma body) captured within the principles of Buddhism.
- 浄土真宗から起こった言葉であるが、仏教各宗派でも使用される。
- The term originated from Jodo Shinshu (the Pure True Land school of Buddhism) but is now commonly used by any other schools.
- ただし、非業とは仏教用語で過去世の業因によらないことである。
- However, unnaturalness means not to depend on goin (right or wrong conduct which can be a cause of the happiness or trouble in the future) of the past world in Buddhist terms.
- 外した木蝋は、前卓の上などには置かずに、仏壇の外に取り出す。
- Do not put the removed mokuro on the front table of the butsudan, but place it outside of the butsudan.
- 阿弥陀仏の本願は、「四十八願」ではなく、「二十四願」である。
- The primal vow of Amitabha is not 'forty-eight vows' but 'twenty-four vows.'
- 阿弥陀仏の本願は、「四十八願」ではなく、「三十六願」である。
- In it, the Primal Vow of Amida Buddha is not 'forty-eight vows' but 'thirty-six vows.'
- 『無量寿経』(むりょうじゅきょう)は、大乗仏教の経典の一つ。
- 'Muryoju-kyo Sutra' is one of the Buddhist scriptures of Mahayana Buddhism.
- 御詠歌「われはただ仏にいつか葵草 心のつまに掛けぬ日ぞなき」
- Its goeika (song in praise of the Buddha) is, 'I want to see Buddha some day by always praying for Buddha like a stalk of Aoi (hollyhock).'
- 尊恵坐像 - 像内に応永二十八年十二月、七条仏所等の銘がある
- Seated statue of Sone, imprinted with 'December 1421, Shichijo bussho (a Buddhist sculpture workshop at Shichijo)'
- 真如苑の本尊など、多くの仏像は真乗自身の手による謹刻である。
- Many Buddha statues, such as honzon (principal images of Buddha) were made by Shinjo.
- 蓮如の「ただ声に出して念仏ばかりを称うる人は、おおようなり。
- The monk Rennyo's thought that 'those that just solely intone the name Amitabha are base.'
- 胎蔵界五仏(たいぞうかいごぶつ)は、仏教の尊像の一種である。
- The Five Buddhas in Womb Realm are a kind of venerable image in Buddhism.
- 仏言さく菩提心を因と為し、慈悲を根本と為し、方便を究竟と為す
- The Buddha said, 'The aspiration for Buddhahood is its cause, compassion is its root, and expedient means is its culmination.
- 伊予親王や奈良仏教界との関係を指摘するむきもあるが定説はない。
- Some pointed out his relationship with Imperial Prince Iyo or with the Nara Buddhist society, but no established view exists.
- それによると、無常院の堂内には仏の立像を西方に向けて安置する。
- According to the writing, in the hall of Mujoin, a standing statue of Buddha is placed facing the west.
- 仏事のときに良く詠まれ、僧侶と参列者が一緒に唱えることもある。
- It is often read in a Buddhist service (a Buddhist service for the dead) and attendants sometimes chant with Buddhist monks.
- 神仏に祈った願いが叶うと満願成就(まんがんじょうじゅ)という。
- Fulfillment of the wish prayed for Shinto or Buddhist deities is called Mangan joju.
- 踊念仏は、平安時代中期の僧空也によって始められたと伝えられる。
- It is said that Odori Nenbutsu was invented by Kuya, a Buddhist monk in the middle Heian period.
- 『仏説観無量寿経』1巻 宋 (南朝)畺良耶舎訳(略称『観経』)
- 'Bussetsu Kanmuryoju-kyo' (The Sutra of Contemplation on the Buddha of Immeasurable Life): One volume, translated by-kyoryoyasha of the Sung dynasty (Southern dynasty) (an abbreviated title: 'Kankyo Sutra')
- 浄土教では、とくに阿弥陀仏の名号(南無阿弥陀仏)を称えること。
- In Jodo (Pure Land) sect, Shomyo particularly means invoking the name of Amida Buddha (Namu Amida butsu).
- よって、仏国とは仏の住まいし、また教化する世界のすべてをいう。
- This means the lands of Buddha indicate the adobe of Buddha and all edificatory worlds.
- 仏教にこそ不死の教えあると諭され、『観無量寿経』を授けられた。
- Bodhiruci persuaded him that it was Buddhism that contained the true teachings of eternal life, and gave him 'Kan Muryoju-kyo Sutra' (Meditation Sutra).
- 念仏の道場とし、伽藍を整備し、如空のとき功徳院知恩寺と称した。
- He made it a dojo (place of Buddhist practice or meditation) of nenbutsu (Buddhist prayer) and built a Buddhist temple, and Nyoku called it Kudokuin Chion-ji Temple.
- これは凡夫である自己を過信した仏法を破壊する業(わざ)である。
- Nichiren criticizes this aspect of Zen Buddhism, arguing that Zen Buddhism is based on excessive confidence in one's mediocre self and will eventually lead to the destruction of Buddhism.
- 親鸞の正信念仏偈は六時礼讃にヒントを得て作製されたといわれる。
- Shinran's Shoshin Nenbutsuge (Buddhist verses) were created with inspiration from Rokuji-Raisan.
- 飛天(ひてん)とは仏教で諸仏の周囲を飛行遊泳し、礼賛する天人。
- The term 'Hiten' refers to the tennin (heavenly beings) who flies around Buddha and sings.
- なお、この寺に安置されている三面大黒天は秀吉の念持仏とされる。
- In addition, Sanmen Daikokuten (three-headed Daikoku) placed in this temple is regarded as Hideyoshi's nenjibutsu (a small statue of Buddha kept beside the person).
- お互いの家系に伝わる宗教的背景を感得し、次第に仏教を研鑚する。
- They were inspired by each other's religious background handed down to each family line and gradually studied Buddhism.
- よって久遠元初という用語を生み出し、日蓮を本仏とするに至った。
- Accordingly, Komon school created the word 'kuon ganjo' (literally, 'kuon' means 'remote past' and 'ganjo' means 'beginning/foundation;' refers to eternity with no beginning or end, like reincarnation), and regarded Nichiren as honbutsu.
- 多宝如来(たほうにょらい)は、仏教の信仰対象である如来の一つ。
- Taho Nyorai (Buddha of Many Treasures who is depicted in the Lotus Sutra) is one of the Nyorai (Tathagata), an object to worship in Buddhism.
- 妙法蓮華経を久遠実成の本仏釈迦如来の名号ととらえる見解も有る。
- Some intepreted the Lotus sutra as Myogo (name of the Buddha) of Shaka Nyorai (Buddha Shakamuni), the principal object of worship of Kuon-jitsujo (eternal life of the Buddha).
- 釈迦や親鸞が教えたのは「阿弥陀仏の本願」ただ一つであるとする。
- It claims that 'the original vow of Amida Buddha' is the only thing taught by Shaka and Shinran.
- 本仏思想は日蓮宗勝劣派と呼ばれる宗派のみが積極的に主張している。
- At present, it is the Shoretsu school of Nichiren sect only that strongly insists on the thought of Honbutsu.
- 法名軸を掛けることのできない小型仏壇の場合は、過去帳で代用する。
- If an altar is too small to hang a homyo-jiku, kakocho is used instead of homyo-jiku.
- 隠し念仏は総称であり、地域や流儀などによって呪術的儀式は異なる。
- Kakushi nenbutsu is the general term for heretical sects, and their occult rituals differ from region to region, and from school to school.
- 元朝になると、仏教が再び盛んになり、卒塔婆は再び中国に広まった。
- Under the Yuan Dynasty, Buddhism became prosperous again, so many pagodas were constructed throughout China.
- 仏名を称するがゆえに、念念の中において八十億劫の生死の罪を除く。
- Because you are calling the name of Buddha, with those invocations, you will be forgiven the guilt to wander around between life and death for Hachijuokko (an extremely long time).
- 九字名号と同じく、お内仏(仏壇)に、本尊の「脇掛」として掛ける。
- Like Kuji myogo, it is displayed at a Buddhist alter as a 'Wakigake' of Honzon.
- 「宿世に諸仏を見たてまつれば、楽んでかくのごときの教を聴かん。」
- If a person has seen Buddha in Shukuyo, he will be delighted to listen to the teaching.'
- (その)ように、修行を完全にして円満なる証果を得て成仏すること。
- This describes attaining Buddhahood through obtaining harmony and perfection by fully practicing asceticism.
- 『仏説観無量寿経』1巻 劉宋の畺良耶舎(きょうりょうやしゃ)訳。
- 'Bussetsu Kanmuryoju Kyo:' Volume 1, by Kyoryoyasha in Liu-song
- 仏の教化対象の世界も仏土であるから、凡夫の世界も仏国でありうる。
- The world for Buddha's edificatory purpose is also the land of Buddha, hence, the world of Bonpu (ordinary unenlightened person) could be the land of Buddha.
- 最後に六方世界の諸仏がこの説を讃嘆・証誠して信ずることを勧める。
- Finally, it exhorts various Buddha in Roppo-sekai (literally, the worlds of six directions) to believe in this teaching with praise and sincerity.
- 十念(じゅうねん)とは南無阿弥陀仏を十回称える事(作法)をいう。
- Junen is (a manner of) chanting a homage to Amida Buddha ten times.
- 宋の王安石はこの事は大梵天王問仏決疑経に出典されると述べている。
- Anseki O (Wang Anshi) of Sung indicated that the legend was adapted from Dai bontenno monbutsu ketsugi kyo.
- 阿弥陀仏の本願を説く法話を聞くことを親鸞会では最重要視している。
- The top priority of Shinrankai is to listen to Buddhist sermons, in which the original vow of Amida Buddha is preached.
- 『法華三部経』(ほっけさんぶきょう)は、大乗仏教の経典群である。
- The 'Hokke Sanbu-kyo (Threefold Lotus Sutra)' is a set of sutras of Mahayana Buddhism.
- 往生(おうじょう)とは、大乗仏教の中の成仏の方法論の一つである。
- Ojo is a methodology for becoming a Buddha, as defined by the Mahayana Buddhism.
- ただし、五逆の罪を犯したり、仏の教えを謗るものだけは除かれます。
- However, those who commit the five heinous sins and slander the teaching of Buddha are excluded.
- 文献によっては「廃仏稀釈」と表記されることもあるが、誤用である。
- Although some literature writes '廃仏稀釈,' it is a miswriting.
- いくつかの書物があるが、なかでも『法要章』が隠し念仏の聖典である。
- There exist some books in kakushi nenbutsu, and Hoyosho is its scripture.
- 仏教の擁護者としての意味があり、法華経など多くの仏典に用例がある。
- It has a meaning of supporters of Buddhism and examples are seen in many Buddhist scriptures including Hokekyo (Lotus Sutra).
- 法華経前半部14品では、諸法実相や十如是、また二乗の成仏を説いた。
- In the first 14 chapters of Hokekyo, Shoho-jisso (true aspect of all phenomena), Junyoze (Buddhism Ten Factors of Life), and Jobutsu (becoming Buddha) of Nijo (believer of Hinayana) are being preached.
- 仏教伝来後は聖の字があてられ、学徳の高い僧を聖と呼ぶようになった。
- After Buddhism was introduced into Japan, a priest of high learning and virtue began to be called 'hijiri' (written in a Chinese character as '聖').
- 正宗分には、ある国王が世自在王仏のもとで出家し法蔵菩薩と名乗った。
- In the main exposition component (shoshubun) of the commentary on the sutra, the king of a certain country entered the priesthood as a disciple of Sejizaiobutsu (The Buddha who Enjoyed Perfect Freedom in the World) and assumed the religious name Hojo Bosatsu.
- 『観無量寿経』(かんむりょうじゅきょう)は、大乗仏教の経典の一つ。
- 'Kanmuryoju Kyo' (The Sutra of Contemplation on the Buddha of Immeasurable Life) is one of the Mahayana Buddhist sutras.
- 善いことをしようと思うのは、阿弥陀仏の誓願の働きを疑いの心による。
- We try to do something good because we doubt the Primal Vow of Amida Buddha.
- 法然が『選択本願念仏集』(『選択集』)にて、述べたことに由来する。
- The name originated from what Honen said in 'Senchaku Hongan Nenbutsu-shu' ('Senchaku-shu') (the holy writings of the Jodo sect).
- 浄土(じょうど)とは、仏教における概念で、清浄で清涼な世界を指す。
- Jodo (Pure Land) is a Buddhist concept which pointed to a world clean and pure.
- 金剛寺(こんごうじ)は京都府亀岡市にある臨済宗天龍寺派の仏教寺院。
- Kongo-ji Temple, a Buddhist temple of the Tenryu-ji school of the Rinzai sect, is located in Kameoka City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 現存する石仏の約80%位は江戸時代に制作されたものといわれている。
- It is said that about eighty percent of existing stone Buddhist images were carved during the Edo period.
- 阿弥陀仏の浄土に往生することを欣求し、悟りは大きな目標とはしない。
- Dying a happy death is a keen aspiration of Amitabha Jodo Buddhism whereas, Satori is not a major aim.
- 仏像は范道生から刀法を学び、明様式の装飾的で写実的な作風であった。
- He learned how to use carving knives for butsuzo (statue of Buddha) carving from the Buddha sculptor Handosei; his manner of carving was decorative and graphic, being reminiscent of the Ming style.
- 仏道に縁することで、自己の内面において自意識的な悟りに至った状態。
- A state of having achieved self-conscious enlightenment internally by being associated with Buddhism.
- それは『大乗同性経』の「浄土中成仏悉是報身」という文によっている。
- That is based on the phrase, 'Jodo Chu Jobutsu shitsu kore hoshin' (浄土中成仏悉是報身, all the Buddha in Jodo are Hoshinbutsu), in 'Daijo doshokyo' (The Mahayana Sutra on the Equal Nature).
- 初期の仏教では、釈尊が出家して6年間修行して悟りを啓いたとしている。
- In the early stage of Buddhism, Shakyamuni was believed to have been enlightened after completion of six-year-practices as a priest.
- 常に信者たちの実践と結びついていたのは「阿弥陀仏への念仏」であった。
- What has always been connected to the practices of believers is the 'nenbutsu for Amida Buddha.'
- とくに善導による念仏は、日本に伝わり浄土教の根幹をなすこととなった。
- In particular is the nenbutsu by Shandao which was introduced to Japan and became as fundamental as the Jodo sect.
- 卒塔婆は略して「塔婆(とうば)」ともいい、日本では仏塔のことをいう。
- In Japan, sotoba is abbreviated as 'toba' and has the meaning of pagoda.
- 本堂(ほんどう)とは、仏教寺院において、本尊仏を安置する建物の呼称。
- Hondo is the building of a Buddhist temple in which the main object of worship is enshrined.
- 具体的には、仏教の檀信徒であることの証明を寺院から請ける制度である。
- Specifically, it was the system that had every person obtain the certification of their Buddhist faith from a temple.
- 真宗大谷派においては、仏恩・師恩に対する報恩報謝、仏徳讃嘆すること。
- In the Otani school of the Jodo Shishu sect, it means a hoon hosha (repay a kindness and thank for a virtue) and a buttokusantan (praise the virtues of Buddha) to butsuon (the graces of Buddha) and shion (favors one receive from one's teacher).
- 別名『観無量寿仏経』、『無量寿観経』ともいい、『観経』と略称される。
- It is also called 'Kanmuryoju Bukkyo' or 'Muryojukan Gyo' and is abbreviated as 'Kangyo.'
- そこで、諸仏は修行が容易であるように、人々を浄土に引接して化益する。
- That is why each Buddha leads one to Jodo and provides these Buddhist benefits in order to make it easier to do ascetic training.
- 日本に仏教が伝来したのは、欽明天皇の時代の538年であるとされるが、
- It is said that Buddhism was introduced to Japan in 538, which was the era of Emperor Kinmei.
- しかし、現代日本の仏教界(この記事を含む)では混乱して使われている。
- However, in current day Japanese Buddhism (this text included), there is discord about which character should be used.
- 念仏一会(ねんぶついちえ)とは念仏→南無阿弥陀仏を繰り返す事である。
- Nenbutsuichie means repeating a Buddhist invocation, i.e. Namu Amidabutsu (a single, sincere call upon the name of Amida).
- 五つ目には、この食事を、仏様の教えを正しく成し遂げるために頂きます。
- Fifthly, I will have this meal to carry out the Buddha's teachings rightly.
- また、翌年の東京白蓮社会堂での結婚式が日本初の仏前結婚式とされている。
- And their wedding ceremony in the next year at Tokyo Byakurensha Kaido Hall was said to have been the first one held at a temple in Japan.
- 念仏のこのような展開は、仏陀観の展開にも呼応するものといえるであろう。
- It is possible to say that the spreading of the word Nenbutsu corresponds to the spreading of images of the Buddha.
- 十羅刹女(じゅうらせつにょ)は、仏教の天部における10人の女性の鬼神。
- Jurasetsunyo are ten demonesses of Tenbu (group of Protectors of Buddhist Laws) in Buddhism.
- 自力による行・念仏によって浄土往生しようとした者は、選定されていない。
- The list excluded those who tried to reach the Buddhist paradise by implementing religious austerities and nenbutsu chanting that put an emphasis on self-salvation.
- 常に念仏者の規範である八誓十願の教えを広め、浄土教の信者集団を作った。
- He was always spreading the Hassei Jugan teachings, which were the standard for Nenbutsu (Buddhist invocation) devotees, and formed Jodo-sect-believer groups.
- 堅牢地神(けんろうじしん)は、仏教における天部の神の1つで大地を司る。
- Kenrojishin is one of the Tembu-shin in Buddhism and controls earth.
- 悪人を折伏し善人を摂受することで、この二門は仏道の大綱であるとされる。
- It is considered that the fundamental principle of Buddhism consists of two ways; performing shakubuku on the evil and performing shoju on the good.
- 『仏説無量清浄平等覚経』4巻 後漢の支婁迦讖(しるかせん)訳…「漢訳」
- Volume 4 of 'Buddha's Immeasurably Pure Sutra on the Equal Enlightenment' was translated later into Chinese by the early monk Lokaksema (also known as 支婁迦讖 Zhī Lóujiāchèn in Chinese and Shirukasen in Japanese).
- ことに阿弥陀仏の西方極楽浄土は、往生浄土を立場とする浄土教を形成する。
- Significantly, the Amida-Buddha's Seiho Gokuraku Jodo forms the Jodo sect which takes the position of the Ojo Jodo.
- その浄土へ往って仏に導かれて自分も悟りをうるとする浄土の考え方である。
- To go to that Jodo, and attain enlightenment through being led by Buddha, is the belief of Jodo.
- さらに山岳修行に重点を置く修験道へとつながり、神仏習合思想が発生する。
- It also led to the Shugendo, which emphasized the mountain ascetic practices, and an idea of syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism was created.
- 大衆_(仏教)の主力であり、衆徒のみを指して「大衆」と呼ぶ場合もある。
- It was the main force of daishu (Buddhism), and in some cases the term 'daishu' refers only to shuto.
- 日本語では「菩提」「開悟」「成道」(じょうどう成仏得道の略)ともいう。
- In Japanese, it is also called 'Bodai,' 'Kaigo' or 'Jodo,' the abbreviation of 'Jobutsuedo.'
- 大乗仏教では自分の悟りは他人のさとりを前提に成立するという立場である。
- Mahayana Buddhism maintains a, stance based on an assumption that the Satori of others is proceeded by ones own enlightenment.
- これと踊念仏によって時宗は鎌倉時代から室町時代にかけて大いに発展した。
- The Ji sect greatly evolved between the Kamakura period and the Muromachi period because of both fusan and odori-nenbutsu.
- 仏師の松本明慶は、真乗作の仏像を「今までになかった眼。」と評価してた。
- Myokei MATSUMOTO, a busshi, evaluated Buddha statues made by shinjo by saying, 'The eyes do not look like anything that I have ever seen. '
- なお、日本では胎蔵界五仏のみを造形化した古い遺品はほとんど知られない。
- Incidentally, old works depicting only the Five Buddhas in the Womb Realm have rarely been found in Japan.
- 請(しょう)じたてまつる仏縁(ほとけえん)にしたがって本国に還りたまえ
- Return to the Pure Land according to the relationship with and belief in the adored Buddha.
- 広く知られる「念仏を称えれば救われる」という教え方は誤っているとする。
- It denies the widely known teaching of 'chanting Buddhist invocation for salvation.'
- 凡夫の往生は仏願に乗托するから許されるというのが、浄土教の理由である。
- The reason for it in the Jodo sect is that since common people believe in the oath of Buddha they are allowed to make Ojo.
- 624年に設置され、律令体制の下では仏教界において重要な役割を果たした。
- It was established in 624, and it served an important role in the Buddhism world under the Ritsuryo system.
- 1227年(安貞元年)上洛し、師の命により興正寺(仏光寺)の寺主となる。
- In 1227, Shinbutsu went to Kyoto and became the chief priest of Kosho-ji Temple (Bukko-ji Temple) under the order of his mentor.
- 1719年(享保4年)17歳で出家し、19歳で選択本願念仏集を講義した。
- In 1719 he entered the priesthood at the age of 17 and lectured on Senchaku hongan nenbutsu shu (the holy writings of the Jodo Sect) at the age of 19.
- このように述べたことが伝えられ、阿弥陀仏の働きのすべてを顕すとしている。
- As stated above, he said it showed all the power of Amida Buddha.
- 手を背にして経を取れば仏を師とし、論を取れば菩薩を師とすることに決めた。
- Emon put his hands on his back, and decided that if he takes the sutra, he would choose Buddha, and if he takes the Ron (abhidharma), he would choose Bosatsu (Bodhisattva).
- その結果、殺人・姦盗以外は仏教の戒律に基づいて処分することが認められた。
- Consequently it became possible to apply the Buddhist precepts to the cases other than murder and theft.
- したがって、それでは仏教の修行に意味を見出さなくなってしまうことになる。
- That means, if so, no one would ever find the reason for Buddhist ascetic practices.
- 『仏説大乗無量寿荘厳経』3巻 宋 (王朝)の法賢(ほっけん)訳…「宋訳」
- 'Bussetsu Daijo muryoju shogonkyo sutra, Vol. 3,' translated by Hokken in Sung (Kingdom): Sung translation.
- 『仏説無量寿至真等正覚経』1巻 東晋の竺法力(じくほうりき)訳とされる。
- 'Bussetsu Muryoju Shishin Toshogaku kyo, Vol. 1,' which is said to have been translated by Horiki JIKU in East Jin.
- 『称讃浄土仏摂受経』1巻 唐の玄奘三蔵(げんじょう)訳(650年訳出)。
- 'Shosan Jodo Butsu Shoju-kyo' (Sutra on Pure Land and expounding method through the Grace of Buddha): One volume, translated by Genjosanzo of Tang (in 650).
- 仏教の飛天はそれらオリエントの神々と異なり翼を持たないことが特徴である。
- The characteristic of Hiten in Buddhism is that it does not have wings, which differentiate it from those deities of Orient region.
- これは仏教で非常によい兆しとされる彩雲であったことが後にわかったという。
- It is also said that these clouds were found out to be saiun (glowing clouds) believed to be a good omen in Buddhism.
- 御内仏(おないぶつ)とは、仏壇のことであり、またその中に迎えた本尊を言う。
- Onaibutsu is a Buddhist altar, or a principal image enshrined in it.
- 明治時代に入ると廃仏毀釈運動によって一時的にその評価が落ちることになった。
- Entering the Meiji period, he became lowly evaluated due to Haibutsu-kishaku undo (anti-Buddhism movement).
- 正慶2年/ 元弘3年(1333年)、鎌倉を出て、近江瓜生津の仏光寺に向う。
- In 1333, he moved from Kamakura to Bukko-ji Temple in Uriuzu, Omi Province.
- その後、同所にある黒谷青龍寺に隠遁し、「往生要集」に拠り称名念仏を唱えた。
- Later he retired in Kurotani Seiryu-ji Temple at the Saito of Mt. Hiei where he chanted the Invocation of Buddha's Name based on 'Ojoyoshu' (The Essentials of Salvation).
- 横笛の死を聞いた滝口入道は、ますます仏道修行に励み、その後高野聖となった。
- After knowing Yokobue's death, Takiguchi Nyudo further devoted himself to Buddhism spiritual practices and became a Koya Hijiri (peddler priests dispatched from Mt. Koya) afterwards.
- もう一体は、東京都立川市の燈檠山真澄寺の奥の院に秘仏として安置されている。
- Another statue is enshrined secretly in the sanctum of Shincho-ji Temple on Mt. Tokei, situated in Tachikawa City, Tokyo Metropolis.
- しかし仏壇内部が暗い場合は、鶴亀燭台の木蝋を外し、白色の碇型和蝋燭を灯す。
- But, if the inside of the butsudan is dark, remove the mokuro (Japanese tallow) from the tsurukameshokudai (candle stand) and light a Japanese candle instead.
- 神社仏閣の再興などに資することがなくなっても「勧進相撲」の名称はのこった。
- The name 'kanjin sumo' continued to be used after its purpose shifted from contributing to the construction of shrines and temples.
- しかも、往生する世界は仏の世界であり、そこに生まれる事は成仏する事である。
- Additionally, the world one goes to when he or she dies is the world of Buddha, so to be born in that world is to become a Buddha.
- 仏典によれば、釈迦は出家してすぐに無所有処と非想非非想処の境地に到達した。
- According to Buddhist literature, Shakyamuni arrived at the stage of Musho-usho and Hisohihisosho soon after he entered the Buddhist priesthood.
- 晩年は、親鸞の命で関西での布教を行い、大阪府茨木市の仏照寺はその旧跡である。
- In his last years, he engaged in missionary work in the Kansai region on orders from Shinran, and its historic site is Bussho-ji Temple in Ibaraki City, Osaka Prefecture.
- そこで介石は故郷に戻り自らの手で仏教天文学の研究を極めようと勉学に勤しんだ。
- Therefore, Kaiseki returned to his hometown and concentrated on studying Buddhism astronomy by himself in order to master it.
- 漢の時代に中国へ伝わったとき、中国本土の建築様式と結合し中国の仏塔となった。
- When the stupa diffused to China under the Han Dynasty, it was combined with the local architectural style and became the Chinese pagoda.
- 戒律と称名念仏の一致を唱え、宮中や公家・女官・守護などに無欲と慈悲を説いた。
- He preached the agreement between the precepts of Buddhism and the Invocation of Buddha's Name, and lectured on unselfishness and mercy at the Imperial Court and for court nobles and ladies, and provincial constables.
- 有名な例では、752年に奈良の東大寺にて大仏の開眼を行ったことが挙げられる。
- Having held the kaigen of the Great Buddha at Todai-ji Temple in Nara in 752 is cited as a famous example.
- 声に出して「南無阿弥陀仏」(なむあみだぶつ・なんまんだぶ〈つ〉)と称える事。
- Shomyo nenbutsu is to chant 'namuamidabutsu' ('nanmandabutsu' or 'nanmandabu') out loud.
- 『仏説阿弥陀三耶三仏薩楼仏檀過度人道経』2巻 呉 (三国)の支謙訳…「呉訳」
- 'Bussetsu Amida Sanya Sanbutsu Saru Butsudan Kadonindo Kyo Sutra, Vol. 2,' translated by Zhi Qian in Go (Three countries): 'Go-translation.'
- 融通念仏、浄土宗西山派、浄土真宗および時宗で説く、他力本願の教義を表す要語。
- It is a term that shows the doctrine of Tariki Hongan (salvation through the benevolence of Buddha), which Yuzu Nenbutsu (reciting the name of Amida Buddha), the Nishiyama school of the Jodo (Pure Land) Sect, the Jodo Shinshu sect and the Jishu sect all preach.
- 『仏説阿弥陀経』1巻 後秦の鳩摩羅什(くまらじゅう)訳(402年ごろ訳出)。
- 'Bussetsu Amida-kyo Sutra:' One volume, translated by Kumaraju in the late Quin era (around 402).
- 仏誕に関しては、2月8日 (旧暦)(インド暦第二の月・ヴェサーカ)説もある。
- Another tradition tells that Buddha was born on February 8 (old lunar calendar) (The second month of the Indian calendar, Vaisakha).
- 1109年(天仁2年)融通念仏の祖とされる良忍がこの寺に入寺して再興された。
- The temple was restored by Ryonin, who entered it in 1109 and was regarded as the founder of Yuzu Nenbutsu (reciting of the name of Amida Buddha).
- 一心敬礼十方法界常住仏(いっしんきょうらいじっぽうほうかいじょうじゅうぶー)
- 一心敬礼十方法界常住仏 (Isshin kyorai jippo hokai jojubu)
- 宿坊(しゅくぼう)は、主に仏教寺院などで修行中の僧が寝泊りをする建物である。
- Shukubo is a form of lodging for priests who are conducting ascetic practices, mainly in Buddhist temples.
- 往生の本来の意味は、仏になり悟りを開くために、仏の国に往き生まれる事である。
- The original meaning of ojo is to go to the country of Buddha (India), be born in that land to become a Buddha, and to attain enlightenment.
- よって、往生の本義は、ただ極楽浄土に往く事にあるのでなく、仏になる事にある。
- Thus the primary meaning of ojo is to become a Buddha but not simply to go to the Pure Land of Amitabha.
- ところが、浄土門の人々は事相の浄土 を立て、心外に仏を見るという立場に立つ。
- However, people in Jodo-mon (Gateway of the Pure Land) make Jodo of Jiso (phenomenon) and hold the position that they see Buddha outside their hearts.
- 僧綱(そうごう)とは、日本における仏教の僧尼を管理するためにおかれた僧官の職。
- Sogo refers to the profession of Sokan (official positions given to Buddhist priests by Imperial Court) to manage Buddhist priests and nuns in Japan.
- 仏を仏名とみれば、名は称えよぶものであるから、念は称念の意味とみるべきである。
- When contemplating the Buddha as Butsumyo (the name of the Buddha), since a name is a word used to call a thing, the meaning of Nen should be seen as Shonen.
- 寺院の住職家族用の仏壇は本堂の仏様と区別する意味もあって特に御内仏と呼ばれる。
- An altar for the family of the chief priest at a temple is called onaibutsu to distinguish it from the altar installed in the main hall.
- なお、本願寺安芸教区発行の「仏事あれこれ小百科」では、以下のようになっている。
- Incidentally, 'the concise encyclopedia of Buddhist rituals,' issued by the Aki (Hiroshima) diocese branch of Hongan-ji school, says as follows:
- このとき何千体何万体もの壊れた仏像が修理を求めるような表情で夢に現れたという。
- During these days, he said he had dreams of hundreds of thousands of destroyed Buddhist statues that looked asking him to repair them.
- しかし後代には、入定した(即身仏となった)とする文献が現れる(詳しくは後述)。
- However, a document describing that he died through the practice of Nyujo (Sokushinbutsu - Buddhist monks or priests who allegedly caused their own deaths in a way that resulted in their being mummified) appeared later (described later in details).
- 仏教教団側が負った打撃は、本末制度との相乗効果により、上記にとどまらなかった。
- With the combined effect of terauke seido and honmatsu seido (the hierarchical system by which to control all temples), the Buddhist organizations suffered other religious setbacks as well.
- したがって仏教学的には、一念三千は智顗が宣揚展開した教理とは考えられていない。
- Therefore, in the Buddhist Studies, Chigi is not regarded as the person who first promoted and developed the principle of ichinen sanzen.
- また仏法が流布される処に赴いて、その仏・如来の法座の下にあって警護するという。
- It goes to places where Buddhism is spread to guard the Buddhist religious service of Buddha and Nyorai (Tathagata).
- この功績により、大仏師覚如(円宗寺講堂の造仏を担当)とともに法眼に叙せられた。
- In reward for this achievement, he was conferred 'hogan' (the second highest rank of Buddhist priests) along with the 'Daibusshi' (master sculptor) Kakunyo, who took charge of making statues enshrined in Enso-ji Temple's 'Kodo' (Auditorium).
- 次にその浄土に往生するために阿弥陀仏の名号を執持(しゅうじ)することを勧める。
- Next, it exhorts to embrace the name of Amida Buddha in order to leave this world and be born in the Pure Land.
- これにより、平安仏教は皇室や貴族の現世利益をかなえる宗教という性格を強くした。
- This Heian Buddhism was characterized by the strong desire to fulfill the worldly interests of the Imperial Family and the nobility.
- ここに、成仏に逢仏、見仏を必要とする理由がある、というのが浄土門の立場である。
- It is the standpoint of Jodo-mon (Gateway of the Pure Land) that this is the reason one needs to meet and see Buddha to attain Buddhahood.
- よりどころは『華厳経』の「心と仏と及び衆生との、是らの三は無差別なり」である。
- Their basis is the phrase contained in 'Kegon-kyo Sutra:' 'Heart, Buddha and people, all three of them have no difference.'
- 浄土宗、浄土真宗などの浄土教日本系仏教諸宗では、特に「第十八願」を重要視する。
- Various Japanese lines of the Pure Land Buddhism sect, such as the Jodo sect and the Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism), consider the '18th Vow' to be particularly important.
- 神仏習合の廃止、神体に仏像の使用禁止、神社から仏教的要素の払拭などが行われた。
- Under this movement, syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism was abolished, use of Buddhist statues for shintai (an object for worship housed in Shinto shrines) was prohibited and other Buddhism-like elements were dispelled from shrines.
- それらの仏達を迹仏(しゃくぶつ)と呼び、すべては本仏が仮の姿を現したものとする。
- Those Buddha other than Shakyamuni were called shaku-butsu, which were regarded as temporary figures of Honbutsu.
- 信者は、既存の寺の教えを表法と呼び、隠し念仏の教えを内法(内信心)と呼んでいる。
- The believers call the existing teachings of a temple the outward law, and call the teachings of kakushi nenbutsu the inward law (or the inward belief).
- 多くは仏教形式であるが、自治体によっては、神道形式のものを用意している例もある。
- In many cases, the nokotsudo is of the Buddhist style, but some municipalities prepare the option of the Shinto style.
- 997年(長徳3年)朝命を受けて宋から送られてきた「竜女成仏義」を批判している。
- In 997, upon the order of the Imperial Court, Keiso criticized 'Ryujo jobutsugi' (Principle of Attaining Buddhahood for Ryujo) sent from Sung Dynasty.
- 布施や持戒の諸波羅蜜 念仏懺悔修行等 そのしな多き諸善行 みなこの中に帰するなり
- Various good deeds such as charity to others, warning to ourselves, enshrining the ancestors and reflecting on ourselves are all included in Zenjo.
- 「しかし、われは実に成仏してより已来(このかた)、無量無辺百千万億那由他劫なり」
- But it has been muryomuhen hyakusenman no kunayutako (my lifespan should be limited, even to the extent of hundred thousand kotis of nayutas of kalpas, may I not attain perfect Enlightenment) since I became Buddha.'
- 仏教では、経論によって差異があるが、横死には9つの種類や原因があると説いている。
- In Buddhism it is explained, with difference in each kyoron (sutra), that there are nine kinds or causes in oshi (横死).
- 若しは仏の在世、若しは滅度の後に、其れ斯(かく)の如き経典を誹謗すること有らん。
- There is a person who libels a sutra during Buddha's life or after its nirvana.
- 名高い別所の一つが高野山にある高野別所であり、ここに住む念仏聖を高野聖と呼んだ。
- One of the famous bessho is Koya Bessho on Mt. Koya, and the nenbutsu hijiri living there was called Koya Hijiri.
- 康運(こううん、生没年不詳)は、平安時代末期から鎌倉時代初期にかけての慶派仏師。
- Koun (years of birth and death unknown) was a sculptor of Buddhist images at the end of the Heian period and in the early part of the Kamakura period, and a member of the Kei school of sculpture.
- なお仏教における一般的な“処罰”や“制裁”には、大きく分けて以下の2種類がある。
- In addition, common 'penalties' and 'sanctions' in Buddhism fall roughly into two categories as follows.
- また本来の舎利を祀るだけでなく、太平洋戦争でなくなった英霊を祀る仏舎利塔もある。
- There are also bussharito that enshrine spirits of the war dead in the Pacific War, as well as original bussharito that enshrine busshari.
- 最後に釈尊が阿難に向って「無量寿仏の御名を、常に心にとどめ続けよ。」と説かれる。
- Lastly, Buddha preached by instructing Ananda, one of the 10 major disciples of Buddha, 'be sure to keep the name of 無量寿仏 within your mind at all times.'
- 衆生の機と阿弥陀仏の法が一体不離となって「南無阿弥陀仏」となっているとする解釈。
- It is an interpretation that Ki of mankind and Ho of Amida Buddha have inseparably united and become 'Namu amidabutsu.'
- これによって釈迦は悟った者(覚者)、すなわち「ブッダ(仏陀)」になったのである。
- Through this, Shaka became the awakened one (Kakusha), or Buddha.
- 一鎮坐像 - 像内に建武元年(1334年)六月、檀那与阿弥陀仏、幸俊等の銘がある
- Seated statue of Icchin, imprinted with 'June 1334, Danna Yo Amida Buddha, Koshun'
- 1979(S54)年、発祥第二精舎落慶 本尊十一面観世音菩薩入仏開眼法要を厳修。
- In 1979, he made Honzon Juichimen Kanzeon Bosatsu nyubutsukaigan hoyo (Buddhist memorial service of enshrining a Buddhist image and opening eyes of 11 faced Buddhist Goddess of Mercy) for the celebration of the construction of the second Shoja temple.
- 願名…念仏往生の願・選択 (仏教)本願・本願三心の願・至心信楽の願・往相信心の願
- Title: Nenbutsuojo no gan (the vow to pass away peacefully and be reborn in Paradise through invocation of Amitabha), Senchakuhongan, Hongansanshin no gan, Shishinshingyo no gan and Ososhinjin no gan
- 例えば千葉県の鋸山 (千葉県)には五百羅漢像があるが、すべての仏像が破壊された。
- For example, Mt. Nokogiri (Chiba Prefecture) used to have five hundred statues of arhats (Gohyakurakan zo) but all of them were destroyed.
- 隊は中央アジア・インド・東南アジアへ3度にわたり仏教伝播の軌跡を追う調査を行った。
- The team implemented investigation travel to Central Asia, India and Southeast Asia for three times to trace the propagation route of Buddhism.
- この場合の念仏観は、睡眠とか逼迫の障りを対論して心を静止せしめるための方法をいう。
- It is said that Nenbutsukan in this case is a way to manipulate and calm the mind against hindrances such as sleep and stress.
- 『法要章』は、隠し念仏が親鸞から蓮如の流れを継ぐ正統な教えであると説く書物である。
- 'Hoyosho' says kakushi nenbutsu inherits orthodox teachings from Shinran via Rennyo.
- 開眼法要(かいげん-ほうよう)は仏像、仏画、仏壇、墓などの完成の際に営まれる法要。
- Kaigen-hoyo is a Buddhist memorial service held at the completion of Buddhist statue, painting, altar, or tomb.
- だが、彼の死とともに梵暦運動も仏教天文学もその歴史的役目を終える事となるのである。
- However, with Kaisei's death, Bonreki (Buddhist calendar) movements and Buddhist astronomy finished their historical roles.
- そのためにまず仏教教学の根本である戒律及びその教学的研究である律宗の再興を図った。
- To achieve this aim, he had to start with a revival of the precepts that were the basics of education and learning of Buddhism, and the Ritsu sect that focused on a study of the percepts.
- また、悪行から来る因果応報によって仏罰を受けるという考え方は日本では古くからある。
- In addition, the idea that a person is given Butsubachi by Inga Oho caused by bad behavior, has existed from ancient times in Japan.
- つまり仏法においては不二即一の法門から、摂受即折伏、折伏即摂受ということができる。
- According to homon (the teachings of Buddhism) of Funi sokuitsu (non-duality) under Buddhist law, it can be said that shoju is nothing but shakubuku, and shakubuku is nothing but shoju.
- 右当伽藍は風雨を天半に軼べ、棟甍の竦櫂を有ち、仏法恢弘の精舎、神明保護の霊地なり。
- As a sacred Buddhist center that serves to spread Buddhism in Japan, Todai-ji Temple has provided us Buddhist believers with protection from wind and rain by its tiled roofs rising high into the sky.
- 鎌倉時代には浄土宗の開祖法然が礼讃に節をつけ、念仏三昧行のひとつとして完成させた。
- In the Kamakura period, Pure Land Sect founder Honen put tunes to Buddhist worship to create one of the nenbutsu-zanmai (mental absorption in the nenbutsu) practices.
- 善根が積み重ねられて仏となるのではなく、すべての善根は回向されることに意味がある。
- It is not to mean that the accumulation of charity becomes Buddha, but that all charity has meaning in having eko.
- 自我意識が残る限り成仏は不可能とすれば、自我意識の払拭は自己自らでは不可能となる。
- Assuming that it is impossible to attain Buddhahood as long as there is ego-consciousness, it will be impossible to remove the ego-consciousness by oneself.
- また、公爵や侯爵などの華族の墓地も仏教方式から神道方式へと強制的に変更させられた。
- In addition, graves of the peerages', including dukes' and marquises', were also forced to change from Buddhism-style to Shinto-style.
- 隠し念仏(かくしねんぶつ)は、種々の秘密主義をもつ仏教異端宗派を意味する呼称である。
- 'Kakushi nenbutsu' is a general term that refers to heretical sects (and their beliefs) within Buddhism, which have various secretive aspects.
- 隠れ念仏の多くは、浄土真宗本願寺教団自体が認可しており、教団に属していたものである。
- Many of the kakure nenbutsu belonged to - and were authorized by - the very organization of the Hongan-ji school of Jodo Shinshu.
- 室町時代中期以降は仏像や祖師像が安置されるようになり、本堂の役割を担う建物とされた。
- After the middle of the Muromachi period, Buddhist statues and images of the patriarch began to be enshrined in hojo, and eventually the hojo served as a hondo (main hall).
- それに対して、『教行信証』は仏典だけでなく多くの典籍を引用することで詳説されている。
- However, in 'Kyogyoshinsho,' Shinran provides a detailed explanations with citations not only from Buddhist scriptures, but also from a vast array of books.
- 弘法大師にあやかり、大師堂を名乗る仏具店、墓石店、葬祭業、鍼灸院などが多数存在する。
- There many shops called Daishi-do named after Kobo Daishi which are butugu (Buddhist religious objects) shop, gravestone shop, funeral business, acupuncture clinic and so on.
- また即身仏になるための修行・入定において、その最初の段階で行われる修行方法でもある。
- Also, kokudachi is the first step of a series of spiritual practices to become a Sokushinbutsu (Buddhist monks or priests who allegedly caused their own deaths in a way that resulted in their being mummified), the procedures called 'Nyujo.'
- 鎌倉時代中期の一遍は諸国を遊行しながら念仏を広め、「捨聖(すてひじり)」と呼ばれた。
- Ippen, living in the middle of the Kamakura period, diffused nenbutsu chanting to the public while wandering local provinces, and he was called 'Sute Hijiri.'
- 平成6年(1994年)2月22日、最期に「仏様が見える」との言葉を残して遷化された。
- On February 22, 1994, he died leaving his last words, 'I can see Buddha.'
- 宗教上の場合、その教義に従わない場合の“罰”として、神罰、そして仏罰があるとされる。
- In the case of religion, it is said that there is punishment by God and punishment by Buddha as the 'punishment' for the case of disobedience to its creed.
- それ以来三十年余の長きにわたって、格知学舎で仏教、儒教を中心に漢学の指導に当たった。
- Thereafter, he taught Chinese classics; mainly, Buddhism and Confucianism, at Kakuchi Gakusha for about 30 years.
- そこで、真実の浄土は仏の住居する処であり、成仏せんがために精進する菩薩の国土である。
- Hence, the legitimate Jodo is the place Buddha resides, and the land of Bosatsu (Bodhisattva) who is devoted to becoming a Buddha.
- 『仏説小無量寿経』1巻 宋 (南朝)の求那跋陀羅(ぐなばだら)訳(455年ごろ訳出)
- 'Bussetsu Sho Muryoju-kyo' (Lesser Sutra of the Buddha of Immeasurable Life): One volume, translated by Gunabadara of Sung (the Southern Court) (around 455).
- 末法無仏の時代には、他力の信心による浄土往生による成仏以外にないと説いたものである。
- He argued that in the days of mappo (the end of the Dharma) without a buddha, one could attain nirvana only through Birth in the Pure Land by believing in Tariki (Other Power).
- もうひとつの中国仏教の大きな支流は浄土経であるが、この宗派は時代背景を反映している。
- Another major stream of Chinese Buddhism is the Jodo (Pure Land) sect however, this sect is a reflection of the influences of the times.
- また「仏の意味あいの姿が表現されているから高い評価を受けるのだと思う。」とも述べた。
- He also said, 'Those statues are highly appreciated because what people expect of the figure of Buddha is expressed in them.'
- 三世一身法が施行されると灌漑事業などをはじめ、前述の東大寺大仏造立にも関わっている。
- When the Sanze-isshin Law (promoting reclamation) was put into effect, Gyoki became involved in irrigation projects and the construction of the Great Buddha statue in Todai-ji Temple mentioned above.
- 多宝塔に安置したり、多宝塔の両隣に釈迦牟尼仏と合わせて本尊(一塔両尊)にしたりする。
- It's enshrined in Tahoto pagodas (a 'multi-treasure' pagoda), or placed as a honzon (principal object of worship at a temple) together with Sakyamuni-butsu (Shaka Nyorai) on both sides of Tahoto pagodas ('itto ryoson,' two objects of worship in one pagoda).
- また、大学・国学では主に儒教を専門に教育しており、仏教・道教などは扱っていなかった。
- The major subject at Daigaku and Kokugaku was mainly Confucianism, so Buddhism and Taoism weren't taught there.
- 様々な浄土への往生があるが、一般的には阿弥陀仏の浄土とされている極楽への往生を言う。
- There are various interpretations of pure lands for rebirth, but it generally means the Buddhist paradise that is considered to be the pure land of Amida Buddha.
- 浄土教の根本経典である『無量寿経仏説無量寿経』(康僧鎧訳)「正宗分」に説かれている。
- These were described in 'Shojubun' of the 'Muryoju-kyo Bussetsu Muryoju-kyo Sutra' (Sutra of Infinite Life, translated by Kosogai), which is the Konpon kyoten (primal scripture) of the Jodo (Pure Land) Sect.
- このように、同じ念仏という語にも、仏教ではいろいろの意味づけがなされて、一義ではない。
- As seen above, within the word Nenbutsu as well, not just one, but various meanings are attached in to it in Buddhism.
- 阿弥陀仏の本願を顕かにする上で、先人の踏襲ではなく、独自の教義展開(発揮)があること。
- The person should contribute to the clarification of the Original Vow's meaning not with the mere observance of his predecessors' teachings but through the development of his own teachings (the development is called Hakki).
- 1198年(建久9年)法然が選択本願念仏集を撰述する際には、その執筆を命じられている。
- In 1198 when Honen compiled Senchaku Hongan Nenbutsu Shu (the holy writings of the Jodo sect), Junsai was ordered to write it.
- かくのごとく心を至して、声をして絶えざらしめて、十念を具足して南無阿弥陀仏と称せしむ。
- With your heart and continuous voice, and concentrating in Junen (10 invocations in Buddhism), call Namu Amida Butsu.
- よって、阿弥陀仏のはたらきを知り帰依すれば、本尊の形態は、木像・絵像・名号を問わない。
- Therefore, if the power of Amida Buddha is known and receives devotion, the shape of Honzon, whether it is a wooden statue, a picture or myogo, does not matter.
- また、智慧の眼を開いて仏法の真理に目覚める、つまり悟ることも「開眼」という場合がある。
- Further, opening Chie no Me (wisdom-eye) and awakening to the truth of Buddhism, or achieving enlightenment, is sometimes called 'kaigen' as well.
- また各種仏教辞典などでも、横死は過去世の業果によらずに命終すること、と定義されている。
- Also in various Buddhism dictionaries and so on, oshi (横死) is defined as ending one's life without depending on one's goka (good or bad results caused by one's own karma) of the past world.
- 浄土教では、人を殺めた者も念仏を唱えて信仰すれば極楽浄土へ転生できるとまで説いている。
- The Jodo (Pure Land) sect preaches that even a person who killed other person can be reborn in gokuraku jodo (the Pure Land - of Amida Buddha) if he invokes nenbutsu (Buddhist prayer) and has a faith.
- 世間、実社会においては、“仏罰”は「仏より加えられる罰のこと」と一般的に思われている。
- In the public mind, 'Butsubachi' is generally thought as 'the punishment given by Buddha.'
- 日蓮を本仏とする宗派では「末法無戒」を説き、末法における僧侶は無戒である、としている。
- Religious schools whose principal object of worship is Nichiren preach 'Mappo mukai' (a concept to deny the validity of precepts in the Final Dharma Age) and consider priests in the Final Dharma Age as mukai (having no commandments).
- もしこの涅槃経が現れなかった時は、仏法は滅する」というのが、経文上の本来の意図である。
- If this Nehan-gyo does not emerge, the Buddhist law will disappear,' this is the original intention of the sutras.
- - 回り口もしくは、最初の六首(「弥陀成仏の~」から六首)を繰返して読んでも構わない。
- It can be read as mawariguchi, or by repeating the first six waka (from 'midajobutsuno...').
- その仏国土より優れた点を選び取り、発願(ほつがん)し、五劫の間思惟して行を選び取った。
- From Buddhist countries he selected the very best of aspects, prayed and, pondered for a long time over which course to take.
- 宗派に関係なくどの寺院でも行う(但し釈迦を本仏としない富士門流(日蓮正宗等)は除く)。
- The event can take place at any temple irrespective of the sect (with the exception of the Nichiren Sho sect's Fujimon school (where Buddha is not the principal deity)).
- 仏教の悟り (さとり、覚り)は、原語のサンスクリットでは、bodhiボーディ、である。
- Satori in Buddhism is called Bodhi in Sanskrit, the original language of Buddhism.
- 永暦年間(1331年~1334年)新熊野神社が建てられるとその本地仏を祀る寺とされた。
- Because Imakumano-jinja Shrine was built during the Eiryaku era (1331 - 1334), it became a temple to honor its honji-butsu (original Buddhist divinity).
- 顕教(けんきょう、けんぎょう)とは、仏教の中で、秘密にせず明らかに説かれた教えのこと。
- Kenkyo (also pronounced Kengyo) (exoteric Buddhism) is the disclosed teaching of Buddhism.
- 諸仏の中に弥陀に帰したてまつるは三念五念に至るまで、みずから来迎し給(たも)う故なり。
- I worship Amida Buddha above many other saviors because he appears even in front of me.
- この極楽を、報身仏の国として報土とみるか、応化身の国土として化土とみるかに異論がある。
- As for this Gokuraku, some people see it as Hodo, or a land of Hojinbutsu (Buddha who have earned their bodies in this world by completing their wishes in the common world), and others see it as Kedo (Transformed Land), or a land of Ogeshin (Buddha who changed his appearance, such as that of a person, in order to save people).
- 常に法楽をうけ、諸仏を供養し、出でては苦の衆生を救済し、化益することができるのである。
- People always receive horaku (pleasures of pious life), make kuyo (offerings) to various Buddha, and save people from pain when they go outside this world, and they make keyaku (lead people to good by teaching and giving them merits) for them.
- 末法の世では釈尊の代わりに、無始無終の久遠元初の根本仏である日蓮の教えによって救われる。
- At the age of Mappo, people shall be rescued not by Shakyamuni Buddha, but by Nichiren, Konpon-butsu (Primordial Buddha) existing in an infinite time frame which began from infinitely remote past.
- やがて、それらの仏のなかでも、一番の原因となる本仏が想定されるようになったと考えられる。
- And, Honbutsu was assumed to have been one of those Buddha who gave the most causal influence to Shakyamuni.
- 浄土真宗の教えは、念仏を称えたら死んだら極楽へゆけるものと誤解されている場合が多くある。
- The doctrine of Jodo Shinshu is often misunderstood that any person may go to gokuraku (the Buddhist paradise) after his death only if he repeats recitation of nenbutsu (the Buddhist invocation) while he is alive.
- 宝塔(ほうとう)は、円筒や八角などの塔身に方形などの屋根を被せ、さらに相輪を載せた仏塔。
- 'Hoto' is a Buddhist pagoda composed of a cylindrical or octagonal toshin (the body of a pagoda,) with a square-shaped roof on it, and sorin (a metal pinnacle placed on the top of a pagoda).
- 善鸞などの隠し念仏の善知識と呼ばれる指導者は、『御書』をよむことができ、儀式を執り行う。
- The leaders of kakushi nenbutsu, including Zenran, are called 'zen chishiki' (kalyaana-mitra, a Sanskrit word which means a person who offers spiritual friendship and guidance), and they can read 'Gosho' (secret books) and hold the rituals of kakushi nenbutsu.
- 智顗は「十界」という世界観など、後世の仏教界に多大なる影響を与える教学を数多く創始した。
- Chigi created a number of education and learning that had a great influence on the Buddhist region in the later generations, such as 'Jikkai' (the Ten Realms), the view of the world.
- また密教においては仏典だけに捉われず、口伝や仏意などを以って弟子を指導することができる。
- Also, in Esoteric Buddhism, a master can teach his disciples not only by Buddhist scriptures but also by kuden (oral instruction) or butsui (the Buddha's intention).
- 満願(まんがん)とは、日数を定めて神仏に祈願、または修行し、その日数が満ちることをいう。
- Mangan refers to completion of the period determined to be spent praying for Shinto or Buddhist deities or to practice asceticism.
- 「浄土門」(浄土教仏教)の対義語で、浄土宗および法然の弟子であった親鸞の著書に頻出する。
- It is an antonym of 'Jodo-mon' (Gateway of the Pure Land) (Jodo (Pure Land) sect) and often appears in the books by Shinran who was Jodo sect and the disciple of Honen.
- 願が成就してから十劫が経っていて、阿弥陀仏の徳とその国土である「極楽」の様子が説かれる。
- Ten kalpa passed after the completion of his vows; the virtue of Amida Buddha and the Buddha Land, or 'the Pure Land,' are also described.
- 失敗して物をダメにする事を「おしゃかになる」と表現するが、これは灌仏会に因むものである。
- In Japanese, to ruin things by mistake is described as 'Oshaka-ni-naru (becoming Buddha),' which relates to Kanbutsue.
- 『維摩経』仏国品では、「丘陵、坑坎、荊棘、沙礫、土石、諸山ありて、穢悪充満せり」という。
- The Bukkokuhon (the chapter of Buddha-land) 'Yuimagyo (Vimalakirti Sutra)' describes that 'there are hillside, mine-pit halls, thorns, a million stones, earth and sand, many mountains and all filled with impurities.'
- 念仏宗(浄土宗や浄土真宗など)は、浄土三部経を所依とし、釈迦ではなく阿弥陀如来を立てる。
- Nenbutsu Buddhism (including Jodoshu (Pure Land Buddhism) and Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism)) is based on the Three Sutras of Pure Land (the Sutra of Immeasurable Life, the Meditation Sutra and the Amida Sutra) and worships Amida Buddha instead of Buddha himself.
- 変相図(へんそうず)とは、仏教絵画のひとつで浄土や地獄の様子を絵画的に描いたものである。
- Henso-zu, as Buddhist painting, describes the scenery of the Pure Land and Hell.
- 禅寺では、学僧を中心として住僧以下の僧侶や仏前に供える食事を調理する場所で僧堂と兼ねる。
- In the Zen temples, Kuri is a place to cook meals for the priests including chief priest and mainly learned priests and for the altar of Buddha, and it is also used as So-do Hall (A hall for meditation).
- 中国の僧善導の「往生礼讃偈」に基づいて1日を6つに分け、誦経(読経)、念仏、礼拝を行う。
- It is a service carried out according to the six times of the day consisting of sutra chanting, nenbutsu recitation and prayer based on the 'Ojoraisange' of Chinese monk Shandao.
- 仏の悟りの境地のうち、唯識思想で言う「成所作智(じょうしょさち)を具現化したものである。
- This is an embodiment of Josho Sacchi (the wisdom of accomplishing that which is to be done) among the states of enlightenment associated with the idea of Yuishiki (consciousness only, the basic doctrine of the Japanese Hosso school).
- 三宝荒神(さんぼうこうじん、さんぽうこうじん)は、日本特有の仏教における信仰対象の1つ。
- Sanpokojin (or also called sanbokojin) is one of the Buddhist beliefs peculiar to Japan.
- また、寺院では仏教を専門に教育しており、儒教などの世俗の学問は基本的に扱っていなかった。
- The major subject at temples was Buddhism, and secular studies such as Confucianism and so on were generally not taught there.
- 仏事を行った功徳を己だけのものにすることなく、広く有縁の人々に回向するために読誦される。
- It is recited to provide eko for widely involved people, not only to give the merit of a Buddhist rite to those who hold it.
- 仏教の阿含経典では、この三昧に至る過程には、まず初禅から第四禅までの4段階があるとする。
- In the process of attaining Sanmai, according to Agama Sutra, there are four stages from shozen (the first Dhyana) to daishizen (the fourth Dhyana).
- 中でも極楽の模様は『仏説阿弥陀経』に詳しく説かれているので、この経に依り概要を説明する。
- Because the atmosphere of Gokuraku is described with particular detail in 'Bussetsu Amida-kyo' (The Sutra of Amida Buddha), the summary of it is described below based on this sutra.
- また、聞こえてくる音声は、常に妙法を説くがごとく、水鳥樹林も仏の妙説と共に法音をのべる。
- The sound people can hear is like the constantly preached myoho (the teaching of Buddhism that is so deep it can't be explained in words), and the water, birds, trees and forest all make a Buddhist sound with Buddha's myoho.
- 釈尊は法華経に説かれるように五百塵点劫(ごひゃくじんてんごう)に始まる有始有終の仏である。
- As written in Hokke-kyo Sutra, Shakyamuni had been Buddha for a definite period which began gohyaku-jintengo (unmeasurable long time) ago.
- 仏具店などで法名軸を購入して用意するか、手次寺(他宗でいう菩提寺)の住職に用意してもらう。
- You may purchase a homyo-jiku at any shop of articles for Buddhist altars, or request the chief priest of your o-tetsugi-dera temple (an ancestral temple of the Jodo Shinshu school, equivalent to a bodai-ji temple of other schools) to prepare it.
- 日蓮宗・法華宗では宗派内で本仏について、教義論争が有り、三宝尊への捉え方はまちまちである。
- There has been a doctrinal controversy over the Honbutsu (Primordial Buddha) in the Hokke and Nichiren Sects of Buddhism, and the interpretation of Sanposon varies.
- 内部は遺骨を保管しておくロッカーが置かれ、上段に位牌を安置する仏壇がついているものもある。
- It is equipped with lockers to keep the remains, and in some cases it's equipped with Buddhist altars above the lockers on which to place the Buddhist mortuary tablets.
- 特に「わたまし」とするときは「尊い人の転居」を言う敬語であり、崇拝すべき仏にもあてられる。
- When it is called 'watamashi,' it is an honorific expression of transfer of a noble person, referring to the Buddha to worship.
- 従って、国家の統治理念として儒教的な思想と仏教的な思想(鎮護国家)が共存していたのである。
- Due to this, as a philosophy to rule the nation, the ideas of Confucianism and the ideas of Buddhism (nation protection) coexisted.
- 聖道門(しょうどうもん)は、様々な修行を通して、自力によって成仏することを説く宗旨のこと。
- Shodo-mon (Gateway of the Holy Path) is the religious doctrine preaching to become a Buddha by self-power through various practices.
- 仏教では、小大乗問わず、人の死相を験(しる)して、善悪の生処を知ることが通説となっている。
- In Buddhism, without distinction of a lesser vehicle or a greater one, it is a prevailing view to judge, by seeing one's face of death, whether there is good nature or evil within.
- 神罰との対比でよく誤解されているが、仏が罰を与えるのではないということに注意が必要である。
- It is often misunderstood by confusing this concept with punishment from God, and it is necessary to realize that Buddha does not punish.
- 勤行は、あくまで報恩報謝、仏徳讃嘆のためであり、「行 (仏教)」として勤めるものではない。
- Gongyo should be done absolutely for hoon hosha and buttokusantan, not for religious training.
- 偈文(「讃仏偈」)を作り師を讃嘆し、諸々の仏の国土の成り立ちを見せて欲しいと願いを述べた。
- He prepared Buddhist gaatha (verses) and made venerations and, expressed a desire to behold the building up of Buddhism in various countries.
- 親鸞は、「信心が浄土に生まれる正しい因であり、称名はその阿弥陀仏の恩に報いるため」とする。
- Shinran explained, 'Faith is the proper cause of the birth in the Pure Land, and one invokes Amida's name in order to repay the benevolence of Amida Buddha.'
- 『仏説無量寿経』のサンスクリット原典である『無量寿経』には異訳があり、願の数に相違がある。
- There are variances in the translation of the 'Muryo-kyo Sutra,' or the original Sanskrit text of 'Bussetsu Muryoju-kyo Sutra,' so that there are discrepancies in the number of vows.
- 平安時代後期以降は、定朝が叙されたのを皮切りに、仏師や連歌師などにも与えられるようになった。
- After the late Heian period, after Jocho was ordained, busshi (sculptors of Buddhist Statues) and renga poets (linked-verse poets) were also ordained.
- 仏教用語から転じて、中国古典でも使用され、社会的地位があり、財産・徳行を備えた者を意味した。
- Coming from a Buddhist terminology, it was also used in Chinese classics, meaning a high-profile person with fortune and virtuous deeds.
- 日蓮は、これらの仏典を論拠として、真言宗や律宗など他宗の祖師を論難し自宗の優位性を主張した。
- Based on these Buddhist scriptures, Nichiren criticized the progenitors of other sects such as the Shingon sect and the Ritsu sect and insisted on the superiority of his own school.
- Based on these Buddhist scriptures, Nichiren blamed founders of other sects such as Shingon Sect or Ritsu Sect, and claimed superiority of his own sect.
- 本末制度(ほんまつせいど)は、江戸時代、徳川幕府が仏教教団を統制するために設けた制度である。
- 'Honmatsu seido,' a system intended to control the Buddhist organizations, was established by the Tokugawa shogunate during the Edo period.
- 念仏講(ねんぶつこう)とは、日本の仏教において、在家信者が念仏を唱える講中を指す言葉である。
- Nenbutsu-ko means kochu, which is the gathering for nenbutsu chanting by lay believers of Japanese Buddhism.
- インドの仏教では、古く祇園精舎で北西の一角に無常院を作って病者や死を迎える者を入れたという。
- In ancient Indian Buddhism, Mujoin (monastery for rest of sick persons in Jetavana Vihara) was constructed at the northwest corner of Jetavana Vihara to accept the sick and dying persons.
- 1303年(嘉元元年)関東における専修念仏が禁止されそうになると、関東にくだりこれを護った。
- When the Senju Nenbutsu (the Single-Minded Recitation of the Nenbutsu) was threatened to be prohibited in the Kanto region in 1303, Yuizen went down to Kanto to protect it.
- 当時の時代背景から考えると、貴族など裕福な者たちが、寺社を建て仏像・絵像を寄進し、礼拝した。
- Considering the historical background, rich people such as nobility constructed temples, donated statues and pictures, and prayed.
- 1595年、豊臣秀吉が建立した方広寺大仏殿千僧供養に不受不施義の教義を守って出仕しなかった。
- In 1595 he did not attend the ceremony of thousand priest mass at the Great Buddha Hall of the Hoko-ji Temple built by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, observing the doctrine of fujufusegi (that required the followers of Nichiren Buddhism neither to give any alms to, nor to take any alms from the non-followers of the sect).
- それに対し、仏教は過去・現在・未来の三世にわたる因果の理法を説いて、それを(内側に)求める。
- In opposition, in Buddhism, the principle of Inga is preached from the past, the present, and through to the future, and seeks it inside.
- 古くから不断念仏の道場であったが、1951年(昭和26年)一派を形成し西山宗の本山となった。
- It had been a dojo (place of Buddhist practice or meditation) of Fudan nenbutsu-a seminary for continual nenbutsu (Buddhist invocation) chanting from ancient times, and it established a group and became the Head Temple of the Seizan sect in 1951.
- また親鸞は『正信念仏偈』(「源信章」)で、以下のように源信の徳と教えを称え、偈頌にしている。
- In addition, Shinran honored and admired Genshin's virtue and teaching in 'Shoshin nenbutsuge' (in the chapter on Genshin).
- 南無阿弥陀仏・・・・・・ 六念 ・・・・・・南無阿弥陀仏(なむあみだぶと称える)ここで息継ぎ
- Chant 'Namuamidabu' eight times, and then breathe.
- 仏法に限らず、哲学・文学・物理学、さらには大衆娯楽や子供の戯言に至るまで「学ぶ」状態を指す。
- It encompasses the state of 'learning' not only Buddhism but also philosophy, literature, physics, and even mass entertainment and children's nonsense.
- 上座部仏教が盛んな東南アジア諸国では蓮は宗教的意味合いから珍重され、蓮に関連する商いがある。
- In countries of Southeast Asia, where Theravada Buddhism is popular, lotus is highly valued from the religious aspect, and lotus-related trades exist.
- いまをさること十劫の昔、阿弥陀如来は成道して西方十万億の仏土をすぎた彼方に浄土を構えられた。
- The time goes up before ten kalpa, and Amida Nyorai completed the path to becoming a Buddha by attaining enlightenment and established Jodo at a place over a billion Buddha-lands in the west.
- 法名軸(ほうみょうじく)とは、浄土真宗において用いられる仏具で、法名 (浄土真宗)を記す掛軸。
- Homyo-jiku is one of Buddhist altar fittings used in Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land School of Buddhism), on which homyo (a priest's name or the posthumous name of the deceased) is described or painted.
- 隠し念仏では、本尊は弘法大師(空海)、興教大師(覚鑁)、親鸞とされ、真言密教の影響が見られる。
- In kakushi nenbutsu, 'honzon' (principal image of Buddha) is 'Kobo Daishi' (a posthumous title of the priest Kukai), 'Kogyo Daishi' (a posthumous title of the priest Kakuban), or Shinran, and the influence of the Shingon Sect of Esoteric Buddhism is seen in its rituals.
- 彼の実家は浄土真宗の檀徒だったものの、「身語正」という一種の内信心(=隠し念仏)を家伝とした。
- Outwardly, his parents' home was a supporter of a Jodo Shinshu temple, but it had a kind of inward belief (= kakushi nenbutsu) called 'Shingosho.'
- 葬儀の時の念仏講は、枕経(まくらきょう)と呼ばれる通夜に執り行われる法要で行われる場合がある。
- At a funeral, the nenbutsu-ko is sometimes held at a Buddhist memorial service called the makura-kyo (the service that chants a sutra near the pillow of the deceased during tsuya (the wake)).
- 仏光寺了源への多数の聖教書写を初め、関東や陸奥国・近江国・備後国などで多くの布教活動を行った。
- He transcribed many religious scriptures for Ryogen of Bukko-ji Temple, and did many propagation activities in Kanto, Mutsu Province, Omi Province, Bingo Province and so on.
- 師資相承(ししそうしょう)により、師から仏の法と印可を継承し、またその法を後の弟子に伝える人。
- Through Shishisosho (the transfer of a master's teaching to a disciple), this person receives Buddha's Dharma and Inka (a Certification of spiritual achievement) from his/her master, and then passes that on to his/her disciple.
- 入仏開眼(にゅうぶつかいげん)、また開明(かいみょう)、開光明(かいこうみょう)などともいう。
- It is also called Nyubutsu kaigen, Kaimyo or Kaikomyo.
- 日蓮は、「瞑想により仏陀や如来が現れたときは(瞑想内のイメージの)槍で突き刺せ」と教えている。
- Nichiren taught his followers that they should pierce the illusional images of Buddhas or Tathagatas with an imaginary spear when these images appear in their meditation.
- 一般に仏塔の原型であるインドの「ストゥーパ」の様式をそのまま模して建てられた仏教建築物である。
- Generally, bussharito is a Buddhist structure modeled after 'stupa' in India, which is the original form of Buddhist pagodas.
- しかし近年の仏教学においては、これらは智顗による強引な解釈(ドグマ)であったという指摘もある。
- However, in recent Buddhist Studies, some people point out that these were forceful interpretation (dogma) by Chigi.
- 阿弥陀如来とその四十八願、またその仏国土(浄土)である「極楽」に関する教えなどが説かれている。
- These sutras preach about Amida Nyorai, his 48 vows and 'Gokuraku,' the Buddha Land (Pure Land).
- ここで、本願とは仏自身が立てた「願」であって、その願力によって衆生は浄土へ往生することができる
- Because of the power of Hongan made by Amida Buddha himself, mankind is able to be born in the Pure Land.
- 特に十方檀那の助成を蒙り、絲綸の旨に任せ、土木の功を終へ、仏像を修補し、堂宇を営作せんと請う状
- I hereby request that all believers in Buddhism provide support for our civil engineering project aimed at repairing the Buddhist statue and rebuilding Todai-ji Temple, in accordance with the Emperor's order.
- また偽経である大梵天王問仏決疑経などの経典を引用するのは「不立文字」と矛盾相違する行為である。
- Zen Buddhists did, in fact, cite passages from sutras like Daibontenno Monbutsu Ketsugikyo, which contradicts their doctrine about nonverbal truths.
- なお、ここでいう三部とは、『無量義経』、『妙法蓮華経』、『仏説観普賢菩薩行法経』の三経を指す。
- Furthermore, threefold refers here to the three sutras: 'Muryo gikyo' (Sutra of Immeasurable Meanings), 'Myoho-renge-kyo' (the Lotus Sutra) and, 'Bussetsu Kanfugen bosatsu Gyoho-kyo' (Sutra of Meditation on the Bodhisattva Universal Virtue).
- 具体的には、江戸時代讃岐国の庄松という妙好人が「私が捨てた念仏を喜んで拾う者がいる」と言った。
- Specifically, during the Edo period in Sanuki Province, a pious Jodo Shinshu sect believer named Shoma said; 'There are those that are happy to make use of the Buddha I have discarded.'
- 訓読…たとい我、仏を得んに、十方衆生、心を至し信楽して我が国に生まれんと欲うて、乃至十念せん。
- Reading in Japanese: When I attain Buddhahood, all sentient beings who have faith in me, offer prayers to Amida Buddha even only 10 times and wish to be reborn in my land with their whole hearts shall be reborn in my land.
- 弘法大師にまつわる伝説は寺院の建立や仏像などの彫刻、あるいは聖水、岩石、動植物等々多岐にわたる。
- Legends related to Kobo Daishi cover a variety of areas, including the building of temples, Buddhist sculptures, sacred water, rocks, plants, and animals.
- 奈良仏教の歴史の上で有数の著述家で、『唯識義燈増明記』・『唯識分量決』など20余りの著作が残る。
- He was one of foremost writers in the history of Nara Buddhism, and he left more than 20 literary works such as 'Yuishikigi tozomyoki' (an annotation of Buddhist scriptures) and 'Yuishiki bunryo ketsu.'
- 「仏法は無我にて候」として真実の仏陀は自我を空じた無我のところに自覚体認されるはずのものである。
- As seen in the phrase 'Buppo (the principle of Buddhism) is in muga selflessness,' the true Buddha should be sensed through selflessness after emptying the ego.
- また声が出せない者も、「称名」はできないが、助行はおこなえ、報恩報謝、仏徳讃嘆することができる。
- Also, people who cannot speak cannot conduct 'Shomyo' (Invocation of the Buddha's Name), but they can conduct jogyo, thanking Buddha and his virtue.
- 浄土真宗における「法名」(ほうみょう)とは、釈迦の弟子(仏弟子)となった名告り(なのり)である。
- Homyo' in Jodo Shinshu is the introduction of oneself showing that he/she is to be a disciple of Shaka or Shkyamuni (a disciple of the Buddha).
- 耳根の得道(にこんのとくどう)とは、妙法蓮華経の声を聞くことによって、成仏得道(成道)すること。
- Nikon no tokudo refers to attain Nirvana and salvation (Jodo (completing the path to becoming a Buddha by attaining enlightenment)) by listening to the chanting of Myohorenge-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra).
- 仏罰(ぶつばち)とは、仏(如来)が悟った根本の真理に背いたために自然に蒙る(とされる)罰のこと。
- The term Butsubachi (Buddha's punishment) refers to punishment a person receives who violates the basic truth of the Buddha (Nyorai) 's enlightenment.
- 法華堂(ほっけどう)は、法華三昧堂の略で天台宗の法華経三昧の行 (仏教)を行う仏堂のことである。
- Hokke-do Hall, abbreviation of Hokke Sanmaido Hall, is a Buddhist temple in which Tendai-shu sect's Hokekyo sanmai no gyo (religious austerities to concentrate on the Lotus Sutra in Buddhism) is performed.
- 略肩衣(りゃくかたぎぬ)は、真宗大谷派の門徒が、仏前における礼装として首から下げて着用する法具。
- Ryaku kataginu is a hogu (ritual implements) that followers of Shinshu sect Otani school dangle from their neck as a ceremonial dress before the altar of a temple.
- 時間が無いなど、止むを得ず勤行が出来ない場合でも、合掌礼拝・称名念仏は欠かさないように心掛ける。
- Try to do gassho raihai and shomyo nenbutsu regularly even if a gongyo is impossible for reasons such as lack of time.
- 称名は広義には、南無阿弥陀仏のほか、南無釈迦牟尼仏、南無観世音菩薩、南無大師遍照金剛などもさす。
- In a broader sense, Shomyo other than Namu Amida butsu include: Namu Shaka muni butsu (Sakyamuni or Buddha), Namu Kanzeon Bosatsu (Avalokitesvara or Kannon Bodhisattva), and Namu daishi henjo kongo (the posthumous name of Kukai).
- 現実に生きていることが、阿弥陀仏の般若から生じた慈悲(本願)の働きによって生かされているとした。
- He also taught that people were alive because of the power of compassion or Hongan, which came from the wisdom of Amida Buddha.
- 阿弥陀如来などの仏を中心に、花を散らし楽を奏し香を薫じるなどして優雅に舞う姿が一般的に見られる。
- Generally it is drawn as a figure who is dancing elegantly while scattering flowers, playing music and enhancing the flavor around Buddha such as Amida Nyorai (Amitabha Tathagata).
- また「覚り」とも言い、部派仏教の旧訳(くやく)ではサンスクリット語「vitarka」の訳である。
- It is also called 'awakening'; in the old translated version of Hinayama, it is the translated from the word 'vitarka' in Sanskrit.
- 修法に秀で、熾盛光法、安鎮法、七仏薬師法、及び堀河天皇の病気平癒祈願などを行ったことが知られる。
- He showed good performance in the methods of esoteric Buddhism, among which Shijokoho (way of prayer), anchin-ho (an esoteric rite for achieving peace and security of the state or of a new home), Shichibutsu yakushi ho (the method of the Yakushi and other six related wise men used for a long life, health and a safe delivery) and a prayer for curing the disease of Emperor Horikawa were known.
- 東寺真言宗(とうじしんごんしゅう)は、日本における真言系仏教宗派のひとつで、古義真言宗に属する。
- The To-ji Temple Shingon sect is a Buddhist sect in Japan classified into the Kogi Shingon (Old Shingon) sect.
- 大仏造営中の天平21年2月2日、喜光寺で81歳で入滅し、生駒市の竹林寺 (生駒市)に墓所がある。
- Gyoki entered Nirvana (passed away) at the age of 81at Kiko-ji Temple on February 2, 749, when the Great Buddha statue was being constructed; his tomb is in Chikurin-ji Temple (Ikoma City).
- 往生は現実には死であり、さらに仏になることなので死んだら仏という考え方が一般化したと考えられる。
- In reality, because ojo means to die and, moreover, to become a Buddha, it is considered that the line of thought where one would become a Buddha upon death became common.
- その存在は当時の仏教界でも大きく、周信と並んで臨済宗夢窓派の発展に寄与したということで評価は高い。
- He was highly evaluated as a Buddhism priest at that time; his contribution, along with Shushin, to the development of the Muso school of the Rinzai sect was highly evaluated.
- しかし、純正の日本に仏教という外来の不純な思想を持ち込んだとして、本居宣長などによって批判された。
- However, he was criticized by Norinaga MOTOORI and others saying that Kukai brought to pure Japan a foreign impure philosophy called Buddhism.
- (中略)人々みな親の生み付けてたもったは、仏心ひとつで余のものはひとつも生み附けはしませぬわいの。
- (snip) We all were born only with a Buddha mind when our parents had given birth to us, but nothing else.
- 幼少から仏道に志し、出家後は大和国吉野山に住んで日夜念仏に専念し、毎月8日に地蔵講を行ったという。
- It is claimed that Ganshoni was determined to pursue Buddhism from her childhood, and once becoming a nun, she lived in Mt. Yoshino, Yamato Province, where she devoted herself to praying to the Amida Buddha and performed Jizoko (a Buddhist ritual praising the Jizo (Ksitigarbha)) on the eighth day of every month.
- また、神武天皇から堀河天皇までの記事を、漢字の編年体でまとめた仏教史書「扶桑略記」を編纂している。
- Also, he compiled 'Fuso ryakki,' a Buddhist historical book consisting of articles from Emperor Jinmu through Emperor Horikawa, written in classical Chinese and in chronological order.
- 仏の種がない末世の凡夫衆生には、折伏により下種して未来に得脱の縁を結ばせることが肝要であるとした。
- He believed that it is essential for ordinary people in Mappo, who do not have the seed of Buddhahood, to sow the seed of Buddhahood through Shakubuku (a method of propagating Buddhism which was practiced by Nichiren Daishonin) and make a connection with a future enlightenment.
- 悟りや真理、仏性、宇宙全体などを円形で象徴的に表現したものとされるが、その解釈は見る人に任される。
- It is thought to be a symbol of enlightenment, truth, bussho (the Buddhist nature) or the whole universe, but the interpretation is left to each person.
- 嵯峨の往生院(現在の滝口寺)に入り滝口入道と名乗り、横笛への未練を断ち切るために仏道修行に入った。
- He lived in Ojo-in Temple in Saga (currently, Takiguchi-dera Temple) and immersed himself in Buddhist apprenticeship to forget his love for Yokobue.
- 彼らは念仏聖と呼ばれ、寺院に定住せず深山の草庵に住んだり遍歴しながら修行する半僧半俗の存在だった。
- These priests were called 'nenbutsu hijiri' ('nenbutsu' [Buddhist invocation] chanting priests), and they led a semi-secular life; that is, an ascetic life while living in a thatched hut far up on a mountain - not in a temple - or going on a pilgrimage.
- 浄土教諸宗において「無量寿経」といえば、特に注意書が無い場合は、康僧鎧訳の『仏説無量寿経』を指す。
- In the Jodo sect group, 'Muryojukyo' refers to 'Bussetsu Muryojukyo,' as translated by Sogi Kosogai, if there is no advisory.
- 善導は、「南無」の二字と「阿弥陀仏」の四字、合わせて六字に関する釈義(六字釈)で明らかにしている。
- Shandao clarified the interpretation (Interpretation of the Six Characters) in six letters combining two letters of 'Namu (南無)' and four letters of 'amidabutsu (阿弥陀仏).'
- 勧進(かんじん)とは、仏教の僧侶が衆庶の救済のための布教活動の一環として行われる行為の1つである。
- Kanjin was work done by Buddhist monks in connection with missionary activities intended to bring relief to people.
- 木造薬師如来坐像 - 像高9.1cmの小像だが、光背には七仏薬師と十二神将像を表す精緻な作である。
- Wooden seated statue of Yakushi Nyorai: This statue is small at 9.1 cm but is delicately crafted with images of the Shichibutsu Yakushi (Seven Healing Buddhas) and Juni Shinsho (Twelve Protective Deities) depicted in the halo.
- この寺は浄土宗の僧良鎮が創建した往生院に平清盛の寵愛を受けた白拍子祇王・仏御前が入寺した寺という。
- The temple originated from Ojo-in Temple, which was founded by the Jodo sect priest Ryochin, where Hotoke-gozen, Gio, a dancing girl, who won TAIRA no Kiyomori's favor, entered as a priestess.
- なお、この寺には寺の南にある白川神社付近にあった金色院(こんじきいん)にあった仏像を所蔵している。
- This temple has a Buddha statue found in Konjiki-in Temple, which was located near Shirakawa-jinja Shrine, located in the south of this temple.
- なおこれは、鎌倉期作といわれる仏像に払う金額としては破格の安さではあるが、決して少ない額ではない。
- The three million yen is a great bargain to pay for a statue of Buddha made in the Kamakura period but never a small amount.
- ヒンドゥー教、仏教、密教においては「蓮」そのものが特別な意味を持ち蓮の花、蓮の実と共に珍重される。
- In the Hinduism, Buddhism and Esoteric Buddhism, 'lotus' itself has a special meaning, and it's highly valued along with the lotus flower and lotus seed.
- 四十八願 (しじゅうはちがん)とは、法蔵菩薩 が仏に成るための修行に先立って立てた48の願のこと。
- The 48 Vows refers to the 48 vows made by Hozo Bosatsu (Dharmakara) prior to the start of ascetic training to attain Buddhahood.
- また死者を弔う儀式以外に、寺の創立記念や落慶(新しい堂宇の完成記念)や仏像の開眼などの慶事も含む。
- Except for the ceremony to mourn for the dead, it includes celebratory occasions such as the anniversary of the founding of temples, rakkei (the celebration of the completion of a temple) (an anniversary event for the new temple building), the consecration ceremony for a statue of Buddha and so on.
- この場合、念仏は「念法」と同じような意味あいになるが、それが念仏であるかぎり、単なる念法とは異なる。
- In this case, nenbutsu begins to have nearly the same meaning as 'nenbo,' but as long as it is a nenbutsu, it is different from a simple nenbo.
- この頃、『即身成仏義』『声字実相義』『吽字義』『文鏡秘府論』『篆隷万象名義』等を立て続けに執筆した。
- Around this time, he wrote 'Sokushin Jobutsu gi,' 'Shojijissogi,' 'Unjigi,' 'Bunkyo-hifuron,' and 'Tenrei-Bansho-Meigi' one after another.
- 仏の化導によって二乗がその悟りに満足せずに仏道修行を続けて、一乗の境界に至らしめることを説いている。
- This story taught that Nijo persons dissatisfied at their enlightenment continued their Buddhism ascetic practice and reached the border with Ichijo by Buddha's kedo (enlightenment).
- 末法の世における仏道の修行では、正法や像法に成立した諸々の細かい戒律はまったく無益であるということ。
- It preached that every little precept established in Shobo (age of the Right Dharma) and Zobo (age of the Semblance Dharma) was totally in futility for practices of Buddhism in the Final Dharma Age.
- 法然が浄土宗を確立した当時、仏教といえば密教系の天台宗と真言宗が主流だったため、主にこの2宗をさす。
- Buddhism meant mainly two sects, Tendai sect and Shingon sect from Esoteric Buddhism group when Honen established Jodo sect.
- 昭和初期には宗派を超えて、仏教の有名な著作やことばは、社会人・教養人の常識とされていたことがわかる。
- This shows that the famous literary works and phrases of Buddhism were common sense for a member of society and the educated person beyond the religious schools in the early Showa era.
- 平安後期の源空も延暦寺黒谷別所の念仏聖であり、その弟子の親鸞と併せて、聖人(しょうにん)と呼ばれた。
- Genku, living in the later Heian period, was also the nenbutsu hijiri of Enryaku-ji Temple's Kurodani Bessho, and Genku was, along with his pupil Shinran, called 'Shonin' (the holy priest).
- 「正信念仏偈」(以降「正信偈」)草四句目下 であれば、「歸命無量壽如來」と「善導獨明佛正意」の部分。
- In case of reading the 'Shoshin nenbutsuge' (Shoshinge) (verses written by Shinran) with soshikumesage (a way of reading sentences), the parts 'kimyomuryojunyorai' and 'zendodokumyobusshoi' are read by the choshonin only.
- よって「悪人」であると目覚させられた者こそ、阿弥陀仏の救済の対象であることを知りえるという意である。
- This thought shows that the true objects of Amida Buddha's salvation are those who are aware that they are 'evil.'
- 大原声明の完成者でもある良忍は、「一人の念仏が万人の念仏と交わる」という融通念仏(大念仏)を説いた。
- Ryonin, who perfected Ohara Shomyo (Buddhist liturgical chant of Ohara), also established Yuzu Nenbutsu (Yuzu means 'circulating,' and Nenbutsu means reciting the name of Amida) or Dai (large) Nenbutsu and preached, 'one's own recitation of the Nenbutsu influences all others and that other people's recitation of the Nenbutsu influences oneself, interacting to help bring about the Birth of all in the Pure Land.'
- この考え方に立つのが、釈迦の霊山(りょうぜん)浄土、毘盧舎那仏(びるしゃなぶつ)の蓮華蔵世界である。
- This concept was taken by the Ryozen Jodo of Shaka (Shkyamuni) and the Lotus Matrix World of Birushana-butsu (Vairocana).
- 日蓮は、法華経を一乗とする立場から、法華経に依らない仏教宗派を謗法(誹謗正法の略)だとして批判した。
- Nichiren, who believed in the Lotus Sutra as the single most important sutra of Buddhism, criticized Buddhist sects that were not founded on the faith in the Lotus Sutra as denigrating the true teachings of Buddhism.
- したがって本来の主人である釈迦や法華経を卑下し、生国不明の架空の仏で無縁の主である大日如来を立てる。
- Nichiren also asserted that Shingon Buddhism worshiped the Great Sun Buddha, a fictional Buddha of doubtful origin unrelated to the Buddhist teaching, thereby denigrating Buddha and the Lotus Sutra, which provided the true source of enlightenment.
- また、軍隊慰問・軍隊布教、刑務教誨、社会的弱者に対する救恤運動など、後の仏教社会事業の基礎を築いた。
- In addition, he built the base of the later Buddhist social works such as visiting army, a missionary work for army, sending prison chaplains and a movement of donation for the socially vulnerable.
- 最も浄土として特色のあるのは、この世界とは別に、仏によって建立せられた浄土があるという考え方である。
- The predominant feature of Jodo is the concept that besides the existence of Jodo in this world, Jodo was built by Buddha.
- インドの卒塔婆は、もともと仏教の開祖である釈迦が荼毘に付された際、残った仏舎利の塚のことをいったもの。
- Originally, a stupa in India meant the mound where Busshari (the ashes of Shakyamuni (the founder of Buddhism)) were buried after his remains were cremated.
- 仏が衆生の心田(しんでん)に成仏の種を蒔いてから解脱するまでの順序を3つに分類した天台宗の教義である。
- This is a doctrine of the Tendai Sect which divides into three stages the process from the sowing of the seeds of Buddhahood in people's field of the mind by Buddha to Gedatsu (being liberated from earthly desires and the woes of man).
- 法華経においては、釈迦はそのようなインド応誕の仏ではなく、本当は遠い過去に成道していた、と打ち明ける。
- The Hokekyo, however, confesses that Siddhartha is not an person who was born in India and achieved enlightenment under the Bodhi Tree but a Buddha who had achieved enlightenment in the infinite remote past.
- 開眼(かいげん)とは、新たに作られた仏像や仏画などを寺院伽藍また堂に安置し、魂を請じ入れることである。
- Kaigen refers to enshrining a Buddha statue or Buddhist painting newly made in a temple or hall to welcome the spirit.
- 感応道交(かんのうどうこう)とは、仏と人間の気持ち、また教える者と教えられる者の気持ちが通じ合うこと。
- Kannodoko means connections between a Buddha and a human being, or between a teacher and a learner.
- このとき最澄はすでに平安仏教界を代表する仏者で、短期視察を目的とする還学生(げんがくしょう)であった。
- Saicho was at the time a Buddhist priest who represented the Buddhist region of the Heian period, but he was also a Gengakusho (scholar sent to China for a short period) who intended to make a brief inspection of the country.
- 『日本現報善悪霊異記』では仏教の教えに背く行為をした者が報いを受けたという話がいくつか採録されている。
- In the 'Nihon genho zenaku ryoiki' (set of three books of Buddhist stories, written in the late 8th and early 9th century, usually referred to as the Nihon Ryoiki) there are some stories about a person who violated the teachings of Buddhism and got his deserts.
- 譬喩品第3「若し人、信ぜずして此の経を毀謗(きぼう)せば、すなわち一切世間の仏種(ぶっしゅ)を断ぜん。
- Hiyu hon No.3 (A Parable, chapter 3 of the Lotus Sutra) 'If a person does not believe, but libels this sutra, he will completely lose Buddhahood.
- 出家して、龍樹系の四論(『中論』、『十二門論』、『大智度論』、『百論』)や『涅槃経』の仏性義を学んだ。
- After Tan-luan became a monk, he read many books including Four Treatise ('Madhyamaka-karika [Fundamental Verses on the Middle Way],' 'Dvadasanikaya Shastra [Twelve Gate Treatise],' 'Commentary on the Great Wisdom Sutra, ' and 'Shatashastra [One Hundred Verses Treatise]') by Nagarjuna and his disciples, and the Sutra of the Great Nirvana, to learn about buddhata.
- 彼の北天竺八十尺弥勒菩薩は光明を毎月の斎日に現じ、此の東大寺の十六丈盧舎那仏は利益を数代の聖朝に施す。
- The famous 80-foot statue of Miroku Buddha, in northern India, sheds the light of wisdom on a Buddhist celebration day every month, while the 50-meter great statue of Buddha at Todai-ji Temple has brought benefits to the Japanese people over many decades.
- 一般的に学侶よりも下位、行人_(仏教)よりも上位とされ、寺院内の警備や管理運営などの実務なども扱った。
- Generally it was regarded as being lower than Gakuryo (studying monk) but higher than Gyonin (practitioner of austerities in mountains) and was put in charge of practical business, including the security and administrative operation of the temple.
- 真言宗山階派(しんごんしゅうやましなは)は、日本における真言系仏教宗派のひとつで、古義真言宗に属する。
- The Shingon sect Yamashina school is a Buddhist school of the Shingon lineage in Japan, classified into the Kogi (old) Shinshu sect.
- 六方の諸仏は、悦ばしき哉、我が証誠(しょうじょう)を信じて、不退の浄土に生ると悦び給(たも)うらんと。
- The saints should be happy to see my belief and should be happy that I shall be reborn in the pure land.
- 浄土真宗は「肉食妻帯」を肯定する在家仏教を唱導しているが、その中には法の道が枉(ま)げずに貫かれいる。
- Jodo Shinshu advocates Zaike Bukkyo that agrees with 'meat and matrimony (Buddhism),' in which the road to Buddhism is strictly pursued.
- それもみ仏が与えてくださったありがたい教訓であり、言外に余る慈悲溢れるお諭しであった、と述懐している。
- He recalled this event and expressed his thoughts that this is the grateful lesson that Lord Buddha gave me and the admonition with deep mercy beyond expression.
- この意味で、寺や各家々で行われる仏事は、その故人のためだけではなく、縁ある者すべてに向けての回向する。
- In this sense, a Buddhist rite held in a temple or each household has eko not only for the deceased, but for all the people involved.
- また、「戒・定・慧」と言われるように、仏教においては戒律を守ることと禅定と智慧とはセットになっている。
- In Buddhism, religious precepts, Zenjo and wisdom are referred to collectively with the common phrase 'kai (precepts), jo (zenjo) and kei (wisdom).'
- 大乗仏教が広まってからの古代インドにおいては、仏は釈尊だけではなく、多くの人々が仏として尊崇されてきた。
- In ancient India, after Mahayana Buddhism became popular there, not only Shakyamuni, but also many other persons were respected and adored as Buddha.
- 綜芸種智院の名に表されるように、儒教・仏教・道教などあらゆる思想・学芸を網羅する総合的教育機関でもある。
- As known from the name of Shugeishuchiin, it was also a comprehensive educational facility where every philosophy, science and art, including Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, were taught.
- しかし、生れる前の過去世に限ったことではなく、宿善開発して阿弥陀仏の救いに与かるまでの一切の過去を言う。
- However, it isn't limited to the past life before a person was born but also includes all the past until Shukuzen is developed and a person is saved by Amida Buddha.
- 阿弥陀如来を本尊とするが、信仰の対象として建てられた阿弥陀堂と異なり常行三昧行を修するための仏堂である。
- Although the Amida Nyorai (Amitabha Tathagata) is placed as the honzon (principal object of worship at a temple), this hall is not an Amida-do hall for the Amida worship, but an hall for the purpose of exercise of the Jogyo zanmai-gyo.
- 日蓮正宗などの富士門流では三大秘法の本尊を受持することで、歴劫修行を得なくても成仏が可能だと説いている。
- Fujimon school such as Nichiren Sho Sect preaches that people can become a Buddha by remembering (and honoring) the teachings of Buddha by having honzon (principal image of Buddha), one of Sandaihiho (the three great secret dharmas); even if they don't practice ryakko shugyo.
- そして釈尊は、偈文(「東方偈〈往覲偈〉」)を読み、教えを聞き、阿弥陀仏を敬い、「極楽」への往生を勧める。
- Shakyamuni advises them to read Gemon ('Tohoge sutra (verses on going to pay reverence to Amida)'), listen to the teachings, respect Amida Buddha and to be born in the Pure Land.
- なお、神仏の名を称えることによって苦難を逃れ救済を得られるという信仰は、道教の経典の中にも多く見られる。
- Other than Buddhism, one can find many descriptions about the belief that one can escape suffering and receive relief by invoking the names of gods and buddhas in the sacred books of Taoism.
- 涅槃経では「仏の所説に順ぜざる(したがわない)者あれば、まさに知るべし、これ魔の眷属なり」と説いている。
- In the Nirvana Sutra, it is written that anyone who disobeys the teachings of Buddha is a devil's advocate.
- その後、上記の用語が転用され、法事・仏事・法会などの儀式祭礼などの仏教行事一般のことをいうようになった。
- Later, the term was converted to refer to Buddhist events in general, ceremonial festivals such as a memorial service (a Buddhist service), a Buddhist service (a Buddhist service for the dead), hoe (Buddhist mass) and so on.
- この場合の念仏も決して人格的な釈迦を無視するのではないが、単に現存の仏に対してでなく、法を仲介としている。
- Nenbutsu in this case does not ignore Shakyamuni as a person, but dharma as a principle, rather than a Buddha that simply exists in the real world.
- 念とは「憶念」「思念」「心念」「観念」「称念」などの意味があり、仏には仏身、仏名の意味づけがなされている。
- Within the word 'Nen' there are meanings such as 'okunen' (something one always remembers), 'shinen' (thoughts), 'shinnen' (thoughts and concentration), 'kannen' (observation and contemplation) and 'shonen' (shomyo and nenbutsu; literally: 'naming the Buddha'), and within the word 'butsu' there is the meaning of busshin (the body of the Buddha) and butsumyo (the name of the Buddha).
- しかし吉野の金峰山や四国の石鎚山などで山林修行を重ねると共に、幅広く仏教思想を学んだことは想像に難くない。
- However, it can be easily imagined that he performed ascetic performances repeatedly in the forests of Mt. Kinpu in Yoshino and on Mt. Ishizuchi in Shikoku and that he learnt Buddhist thoughts widely.
- 親鸞の関東教化の拠点であった下野国高田の如来堂を中心に高田門徒が形成され、真仏はその中心的な存在であった。
- Nyorai-do Temple in Takada, Shimotsuke Province, was the center of Shinran's teaching in the Kanto region, and the Takada Sect was formed around it, and Shinbutsu was a leading figure of the Sect.
- 従って、その仕組をそのまま導入して日本の大学寮も儒教を教える明経道を軸に据えており、仏教色を排除していた。
- Due to Daigakuryo in Japan, having been introduced directly through this system, emplaced Myogyodo, which placed Confucianism as the main idea and eliminated all traces of Buddhism.
- 釈迦仏は法華経直前の開経とする『無量義経』に「四十余年未顕真実」(40余年には未だ真実を顕さず)と述べた。
- Like seen in 'Muryogi-kyo,' which is the Kaikyo (sutra read before the main sutra) right before Hokekyo, Shaka said that '四十余年未顕真実' (the truth can't be seen in 40 years or so).
- だからどのような人も「後生の一大事」を心に留めおき、心から阿弥陀仏に頼み申上げて、念仏申すべきであります。
- So, everybody should keep in mind 'a big thing in the late life' and ask Amida Buddha praying from the heart.
- 時には、諸仏が阿弥陀仏の名を称揚し讃歎することをさす(諸仏称名は阿弥陀仏の四十八願中の四十八願第十七願)。
- Sometimes Shomyo indicates that shobutsu (many buddhas) chant the name of Amida Buddha with admiration and praise (Shobutsu Shomyo is in the seventeenth of the forty-eight vows made by Amida Buddha).
- 四箇格言(しか、しこ・かくげん、しかのかくげん)とは、日蓮宗の宗祖日蓮が他の仏教宗派を批判したものである。
- Shika (or Shiko) Kakugen (or Shika no Kakugen) (Four Criticisms) refers to the criticisms expressed by Nichiren, the founder of Nichiren Buddhism, against other Buddhist sects that existed in his time.
- 真言宗大覚寺派(しんごんしゅうだいかくじは)は、日本における真言系仏教宗派のひとつで、古義真言宗に属する。
- The Shingon Sect Daikakuji School is one of the schools of the Shingon Sect of Buddhism in Japan and is part of the Kogi Shingon (Old Shingon) Sect.
- 日本の神 (神道)は仏教の仏が形を変えて姿を現したものであるという本地垂迹説の考え方に基づいた神号である。
- The concept of gongen is based on Honji-suijaku setsu, which is the theory that the Japanese Shinto deities are recognized as manifestations of the original Buddhist divinities.
- 本誓偈(ほんぜいげ)とは、阿弥陀如来一仏に対して称えるものであり、この偈文は『観無量寿経疏』玄義分に依る。
- Honzeige is chanted for Amida Buddha alone, and this gemon is based on 'Kanmuryojukyosho' Gengibun.
- 妙法(みょうほう、サンスクリット語:Saddharma)とは、仏教において第一の最勝で不可思議なる法をいう。
- Myoho (Saddharma in Sanskrit) means the first victorious and mysterious dharma in Buddhism.
- この頃から浄土教に帰依して一万遍の念仏を日課とし、1062年(康平5年)山城国光明寺 (綾部市)に隠棲した。
- At that time, he devoted himself to Jodo (Pure Land) sect, made Ichimanben Nenbutsu (ten thousand practices of the Buddhist invocation) the daily routine, and retired to Komyo-ji Temple (Ayabe City) in Yamashiro Province in 1062.
- 誰にでも手渡せる名号を、貧富の差なく礼拝し、自分たち庶民も阿弥陀仏の救済の対象であるのだと伝えるためである。
- It was to teach everyone that common people could also receive salvation through Amida Buddha by praying to myogo, which could be handed to anyone, without any difference between the rich and the poor.
- 盲目の人や(外国人など)漢字を読めない人たちが、救済の対象から外されてしまう、それは阿弥陀仏の本願ではない。
- It is not a real wish of Amida Buddha for blind people and people who cannot read kanji (Chinese characters) (like foreigners) to be excluded from the subject of salvation.
- 法華経の化城喩品に説く三千塵点劫という過去世における大通智勝仏がその第16番目の王子であった釈迦へ下種した。
- The seed of Daitsuchisho-butsu, a Buddha in the past life of sanzen-jin-tengo who was mentioned in Kejoyubon of the Lotus Sutra, was sown in the field of the mind of his sixteenth son, Shaka.
- 定額寺(じょうがくじ)とは、奈良時代・平安時代に官大寺・国分寺(国分尼寺を含む)に次ぐ寺格を有した仏教寺院。
- Jogakuji refers to Buddhist temples with the second highest temple status following 'kandaiji' (state-sponsored temples of great scale) and 'kokubunji' (state-sponsored provincial temples), which existed in the Nara and Heian periods.
- 勧学とは、近世末から日本仏教の宗派の中で、教学の研鑽をきわめた指導的立場の僧侶に与えている称号のことである。
- Kangaku (Kangaku ranking) means the title to be given to Buddhist monks who are in a commanding position with a high level of education and learning in religious schools of Japanese Buddhism after the end of modern times.
- 中国語訳のうち日本の浄土教諸宗において主に用いられるのは、康僧鎧が訳したとされる『仏説無量寿経』2巻である。
- Of the Chinese translations, the Jodo sect group mainly uses 'Bussetsu Muryojukyo, Vol. 2,' which is said to have been translated by Sogi Kosogai.
- 衆生は、末法に生きる凡夫であり、仏の視点によれば「善悪」の判断すらできない、根源的な「悪人」であると捉える。
- Ordinary people live in the latter days of Buddhism, and from Buddha's perspective they are interpreted as fundamentally 'evil' people who are unable to distinguish good from evil.
- 法然も『選択本願念仏集』に「極悪最下の人のために極善最上の法を説く」と述べており、悪人正機説を展開している。
- Honen also developed the theory by remarking, ''I intend to preach the very best law for the sake of the most evil, wicked people.'
- 真言宗泉涌寺派(しんごんしゅうせんにゅうじは)は、日本における真言系仏教宗派のひとつで、古義真言宗に属する。
- Shingon sect Sennyu-ji school is one of the Shingon line Buddhist schools that belongs to the Kogi Shingon school (Old Shingon school).
- 賦算(ふさん)とは浄土系仏教の一派時宗において「南無阿弥陀仏、決定往生六十万人」と記した札を配ることである。
- Fusan is the distribution of ofuda (paper charms) on which the words '南無阿弥陀仏、決定往生六十万人' are written, practiced in the Ji sect, a Pure Land sect of Buddhism.
- 1980年に再建された、延暦寺の法華総持院東塔には、昭和期の松久朋琳らの作になる胎蔵界五仏が安置されている。
- In Enryaku-ji Temple's Hokke Soji-in Todo (East Pagoda), which was reconstructed in 1980, the Mandala of Five Buddhas in the Womb Realm, created by Horin MATSUHISA in the early Showa period, is placed.
- 密教における金剛界五仏の一尊で、金剛界曼荼羅では大日如来の北方(画面では大日如来の向かって右方)に位置する。
- Fukujoju Nyorai is one of the Kongokai-gobutsu (Five Buddhas of the Diamond World) in Esoteric Buddhism, and is located in the north of Dainichi Nyorai (Mahavairocana) in the Diamond World Mandala (at the right side of Dainichi Nyorai).
- この世界では仏の無量寿、無量光と同じく、一切の人々もまた無量寿、無量光であり、智慧と慈悲とにきわまりがない。
- In this world, all the people have Muryoju (immeasurable life) and Muryoko (immeasurable light), like Buddha, and there is no limit to their wisdom and mercy.
- 個々の法名軸は、平時は巻いておき(在家用の軸は、箱などに収め巻かない)、祥月命日・年忌に出し、仏壇前に掛ける。
- In ordinary days, each individual homyo-jiku is rolled up, (except for laymen's houses where homyo-jiku are not rolled up but placed in boxes), while on the occasions of anniversaries of the death of ancestors, they are exposed to be hung in front of altars.
- 毎月の定められた日に行われる念仏は月並みと呼ばれ、多く、地蔵菩薩・観音菩薩・不動明王などを祀る縁日に行われる。
- The nenbutsu-ko held on a monthly fixed day is called tsukinami, and is generally held on the day of the festival dedicated to Jizo Bosatsu (Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva), Kannon Bosatsu (Guan Yin Bodhisattva), Fudo Myoo (Acala, one of the Five Wisdom Kings) and so on.
- したがって、現在、この一念三千を仏法の極理だとして盛んに宣揚しているのは、天台宗よりも日蓮宗系宗派が主である。
- Consequently, it is the schools of the Nichiren sect rather than the Tendai sect which currently promote ichinen sanzen as the ultimate principle of the Buddhism.
- 法華経における釈迦成道は「われは実に成仏してより已来(このかた)、無量無辺百千万億那由他劫なり」と説いている。
- In the Lotus Sutra, Siddhartha's enlightenment is described as follows: 'It has been muryomuhen hyakusenman no kunayutako since I became Buddha.'
- 黒闇天(こくあんてん、サンスクリット:Kālarātri、Kālarātrī)は、仏教における天部の神の1つ。
- Kokuanten (Sanskrit:Kālarātri,Kālarātrī) was one of Tembu-shin in Buddhism.
- これには、菩薩が発心してから成仏するまで三祇百大劫という遥かに長い年月の間に転生を繰り返して修行するとされる。
- It is said that a Bodhisattva practice asceticism, while being reincarnated over and over, for Sangi hyakudaiko (countless time (kalpa)): a long period of time, since he experiences a religious awakening until he becomes a Buddha.
- したがって、これは『涅槃経』における戒律や仏性常住の記述とも関係があるので、照らしあわせて考察する必要がある。
- Therefore, this is also related to precepts and descriptions of eternity of busho in 'Nehan-gyo' and needs to be considered in light of them.
- 各戸には仏壇が置かれ、法要の際には僧侶を招くという慣習が定まり、寺院に一定の信徒と収入を保証される形となった。
- With the system thus introduced, every household had its Buddhist altar and made it a custom to invite a Buddhist priest to its Buddhist memorial service, which assured the temple of obtaining believers and, to a certain degree, money.
- 悟りを開いた者を「buddha ブッダ」といい、漢字で音写し「仏陀」「仏」としたり、「覚者」と意訳したりする。
- The person who attained enlightenment is called 'Buddha,' a name that was transliterated into Kanji; it is pronounced 'Buddha' or 'Butsu' and is also paraphrased as 'the enlightened one, Kakusha.'
- しかし、われは実に成仏してより已来(このかた)、無量無辺百千万億那由他劫なり」とあり、続けて以下のようにある。
- But good men, it has been immeasurable, boundless hundreds, thousands, ten thousands, millions of nayutas of kalpas since I in fact attained Buddhahood;' and the following continues.
- ただし今日では、大梵天王問仏決疑経は、後にこの説話を根拠付けるために創作された経典、つまり偽経だとされている。
- Nowadays, however, it is believed that the Dai bontenno monbutsu ketsugi kyo was a fictitious Buddhist scripture created to substantiate the legend for posterity.
- 「今の釈迦牟尼仏は、釈氏の宮を出でて伽耶城を去ること遠からず、道場に座して阿耨多羅三藐三菩提を得たりと思えり。
- 'All believe that the present Shakyamuni Buddha, after leaving the palace of the Shakyas, seated himself in the place of practice not far from the city of Gaya and there attained annuttara-samyak-sambodhi (perfect enlightenment).
- 密教の世界観を表わした両界曼荼羅のうちの1つ、胎蔵界曼荼羅(胎蔵曼荼羅)の中心に位置する5体の仏のことである。
- They are the five Buddhas depicted around the center of Taizokai (or Taizo) Mandala (the Womb Realm Mandala), one of Ryokai Mandala (Mandalas of the two Realms) that geometrically illustrate the world view of Esoteric Buddhism.
- 現実の仏である釈迦牟尼世尊のいない現在、いかに仏の指導を得て、成仏の保証を得るかと考えたところから希求された。
- Because the real Shakyamuni seson (World-Honored One; honorific name for Gautama Buddha) no longer existed, the idea of Birth in the Pure Land was conceived to seek assurance in the attainment of Buddhahood by receiving the guidance of Buddha.
- 善行の報いは本来自分に還るはずだが、大乗仏教においては一切皆空であるから、報いを他に転回することが可能となる。
- Though the karma of good deeds is essentially supposed to come back to oneself, everything is regarded as being empty in Mahayana Buddhism, so it is possible to turn the karma to others.
- 元来は、大乗仏教の菩薩が実践すべき修行徳目である六波羅蜜のうちの第五禅那波羅蜜(ぜんなはらみつ)のことである。
- Originally, it was Daigo Zenna haramitsu (paramita), one of six haramitsu that bosatsu (Bodhisattva) of Mahayana Buddhism was obliged to practice.
- 往生とは極楽往生、浄土往生といわれるように、人間が死んで仏の国に生まれるから、一般的に死後の往生の意味である。
- Because when people die they are immediately reborn in the land of Buddha, ojo, as in 'gokuraku ojo' (go to paradise) and 'jodo ojo' (go to the Pure Land) generally means birth after death.
- 法華経の如来寿量品第十六の文中に無量長寿の釈迦牟尼仏が登場するが、この釈迦牟尼仏こそ本仏であるであるという教義。
- In the Hokke-kyo Sutra Chapter 16, The Life Span of the Tathagata, Shakyamuni Buddha was described as having an infinite life span, who should be recognized as Honbutsu according to the creed of Hokke-kyo.
- 二乗の教えで悟ったと満足している声聞が、再び仏に見え、宝珠である真実一乗の教えをはじめて知ったことを表している。
- This story indicated that Shomon who had been satisfied with his enlightenment by the Nijo teachings had met again with Buddha and had come to know for the first time the teachings of true Ichijo, the gem.
- 「今の釈迦牟尼仏は、釈氏の宮を出でて伽耶城を去ること遠からず、道場に座して阿耨多羅三藐三菩提を得たりと思えり。」
- The present Siddhartha Gautama left the Siddhartha (Gautama) Kingdom and his Gaya-jo Castle not so long time ago and wished that he could acquire Anokutara sanmyaku sanbodai (supreme perfect enlightenment, the unsurpassed enlightenment of a Buddha) while meditating in a training hall.'
- 常行三昧堂では、90日間阿弥陀如来の周囲を念仏を唱えつつ、また心に阿弥陀如来を念じながら歩く常行三昧の行を行う。
- In the Jogyo zanmai-do hall, the Jogyo zanmai exercise is performed which involves walking around the Amida Nyorai for 90 days while praying to Amida Buddha and revering the Amida Nyorai in mind.
- 上記の内容から、日蓮を本仏とする宗派では、『涅槃経』は『法華経』に説く仏性常住の理という命をたすける重宝とする。
- Based on the above, religious schools whose principal object of worship is Nichiren think 'Nehan-gyo' as a treasured heirloom that saves life, which is the theory of eternity of busho preached in 'Hoke-kyo.'
- それは、ただ無量寿仏の名を聞いて、たった一度でも名を称えれば(念仏)すれば、功徳を身に供える事ができると説いた。
- He also preaches that by simply listening to the name of Buddha of Immeasurable Life and uttering his name (invocation) the efficacy of Buddha can be attained.
- 修験道は日本古来の山岳信仰を中心にしつつ、神道、仏教、道教、陰陽道などが習合し確立された、日本独特の宗教である。
- Shugendo is a uniquely Japanese religion that united, with Japanese traditional mountain worship at its core, the Shinto religion, Buddhism, Taoism and Onmyodo (occult divination system based on the Taoist theory of the five elements).
- これにより神とイエスを真理と認識する為、ある意味では「悟り」と呼べるかもしれないが、仏教の悟りとは無関係である。
- It may be said that become aware of or know the truth of God or Jesus means in some sense to have reached Satori however, this bears no relation to the Buddhist concept of Satori.
- 仏教に対峙するヴェーダの宗教系で使われる悟りは意識の状態で、人が到達することの出来る最高の状態のいくつかを言う。
- In contrast to Buddhism, Veda-related religion refers to enlightenment as the state of consciousness, one of the supreme states that human beings can attain.
- この極楽という仏土は広々としていて、辺際のない世界であり、地下や地上や虚空の荘厳は微をきわめ、妙をきわめている。
- This Buddha-land called Gokuraku is a very broad world without borders, and the glory in the undergrounds, grounds and the air is extremely exquisite.
- そのなかでも、浄土真宗系で呪術的な隠し念仏がよく知られており、浄土真宗では異端であることを意味する異安心とされる。
- Among others, the cult kakushi nenbutsu, whose name is derived from 'Jodo Shinshu' (True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) is well known, and is said to be 'ianjin,' which means the heretical sect, by the mainstream of Jodo Shinshu.
- 宝塔と二世尊が一塔両尊になっており、法華経(妙法蓮華経)の従地湧出品第十五の章の二仏並座(にぶつびょうざ)を表す。
- The itto ryoson comprising the Tahoto pagoda and Niseson (two world-honored ones) represents Nibutsubyoza, which is described in Chapter Fifteen, Jujiyujutsuhon (Emerging from the Earth) of Hoke-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra).
- 1722年には西本願寺の別院から、隠し念仏の信者をみつけたら、正しい教えに改めさせるようにとの掟が各寺に出された。
- In 1722, the branch temple of Nishi Hongan-ji Temple issued an order that every temple under its control should make kakushi nenbutsu believers convert their beliefs any time they are found.
- 故人に対して贈られる名前と誤解されているが、本来は、生きている間に仏弟子として生きていく事を誓い、授かる名である。
- Though Homyo is misunderstood as a name given to the deceased, originally it is the name given by swearing to live as a disciple of Buddha throughout life.
- 法然は、末法の世において他力本願(阿弥陀如来による本願の働き)がいかに優れているかを説き、衆生に称名念仏を勧めた。
- Honen preached how excellent Tariki Hongwan (salvation through the benevolence of Buddha) (promotion of original vow by Amida Nyorai (Amitabha Tathagata)) is in Mappo (age of the Final Dharma), and encouraged all living things to invocation of the Buddha's name.
- 大師堂(だいしどう)は、日本における仏堂の呼称の1つで、大師 (僧)を贈られた僧を礼拝の対象として祀るものである。
- Daishi-do hall is a type of Buddhist hall in Japan built to enshrine and pray to a priest who was entitled as Daishi (literally a great master, an honorific title given by the Imperial Court).
- 仏教以外の教え、つまり外道は生命の因果の理法を説かず、神の教え・意思に身を委ねて、それを(外側に)求めようとする。
- Teaching other than Buddhism, or Gedo, seek the principle of Inga (cause and effect) of life by submitting to god's teaching and will (or outside), and doesn't preach the principle itself.
- しかし、元 (王朝)の時代に入るとチベット仏教が盛んになり、再び、インドのストゥーパが中華人民共和国に入ってきた。
- However, in the Yuan dynasty period, Tibetan Buddhism became popular and Indian stupa flowed back into the People's Republic of China.
- 明治時代初期の神仏分離政策において、本地垂迹説を否定するために権現号の使用が一時禁止されたが、のちに取り消された。
- Owing to the government policy of the separation of Buddhism and Shintoism in the early Meiji period, the use of the title of gongen was banned for some time in order to deny Honji-suijaku setsu, but eventually the ban was withdrawn.
- よって訳者の混同により二訳ありとの過失が生じたものと考えられ、仏説観無量寿経のみが存在すると考えるのが通説である。
- Therefore, the translators may have confused and misunderstood that there were two translations, but now it is commonly known that only Bussetsu Kanmuryoju Kyo sutra exists.
- 勧進の発願趣旨に始まり、念仏・誦経の功徳、寄付・作善に関わることによる功徳(現世利益・極楽往生)などを説いている。
- It begins with hotsugan (a vow to attain enlightenment and save people) and explains the kudoku (merits) of praying to Amitabha and reciting a sutra and another kudoku (benefits in this world and for entering into the bliss of Heaven) resulting from monetary donations and good deeds.
- 「蔵王権現」のように本地仏(「蔵王菩薩」)の名前がそのまま垂迹神の名前として用いられている例もあるが、まれである。
- One can find cases in which the name of suijakushin (the provisional Shinto deity) is derived from the name Honji-butsu (the original Buddhist divinity), as is the case with 'Zao Gongen' (Avatar Zao) derived from 'Zao Bosatsu' (Zao Bodhisattva), but such cases are rare.
- 具体的な仏や仏の相好にむかえば、それは生身や像身の色相(すがたかたち)を観ずることであるから、念は観念の意味が強い。
- When looking at concrete images of the Buddha, because one is looking at the shape of a real body or statue, Nen takes on the meaning as it used in Kannen (conception).
- 『法要章』には、隠し念仏ではお金を出さなければという気持ちになるので、お金を持っている人からは信心が得にくいとある。
- Meanwhile, 'Hoyosho' says it is difficult for kakushi nenbutsu to attract the rich, because the teachings often stir up the believers' sense of duty to offer money.
- 木像・絵像・名号に関わらず、無色無形の阿弥陀仏のはたらき(真如)の方便として本尊を安置し、報恩報謝のために礼拝する。
- No matter whether it is a wooden statue, a picture or myogo, as a hoben (expediency) for the power of Amida Nyorai, which has no color or shape, Honzon is enshrined and being prayed in appreciation of Amida Nyorai's virtue.
- しかし上述したように、仏罰とは仏の悟った真理に背いたために自然に蒙る罰のことであり、仏や第三者が与えるものではない。
- But as mentioned above, Butsubachi is a punishment naturally given for violating the truth enlightened by Buddha, and is not given by Buddha or others.
- 扶律顕常(ふりつけんじょう)とは、仏教、とりわけ天台宗や日蓮宗などの法華一乗の立場から、『涅槃経』を指した語をいう。
- Furitsukenjo is a term that mean 'Nehan-gyo Sutra' (The Sutra of The Great Nirvana) from the viewpoint of Buddhism, especially hokke-ichijo (the doctrines called the Single Vehicle of the Lotus) including Tendai-shu sect and Nichiren-shu sect.
- また、仏土のように慕われたものに弥勒菩薩の兜率天(とそつてん)の内院、観音菩薩の補陀落山(ほだらくせん)などがある。
- Places worshipped, like the Buddha-land, includes the inner temple of Tosotsuten (The fourth of six heavens in the world of desire) of Miroku Bosatsu (Buddha of the Future, Bodhisattva of the Present), and the Hodarakusen (Potalaka) of Kannon Bosatsu (Kannon Bodhisattva).
- 念仏踊り(ねんぶつおどり)とは、踊り手と歌い手が分かれているもので、自ら念仏を唱えながらおどる踊念仏とは区別される。
- Nenbutsu-odori is a kind of dance where the dancing and singing are performed by different people, and can be distinguished from odori nenbutsu which is performed by a single person who dances and chants a Buddhist sutra at the same time.
- 四菩薩(しぼさつ)とは、文字通り「四名の菩薩」の意であり、仏教の信仰・造像の対象である菩薩の組み合わせの1つである。
- Shibosatsu (shi means four), means four Bosatsu literally, is a combination of Bosatsu as the object of worship or construction of statues in the Buddhism.
- その恒久的な運営を実現するため、天皇、大臣諸侯、仏教諸宗の高僧らをはじめ、広く世間に支持・協力を呼びかけたのである。
- In order to realize the permanent operation of such an educational facility, Kukai asked many people--including the Emperor, ministers, marquises and high priests of all sects of Buddhism--to provide support and cooperation.
- 三宝荒神は、神仏習合のもとで大日経疏巻五に説かれる日天の眷属である地震を司る神である剣婆(けんばや)と同一視された。
- Sanpokojin was considered to be the same as Kenbaya, which was a deity of earthquakes, kenzoku (disciples or followers of Buddha) of Nitten, as preached in Vol. 5 of Dainichikyo-sho under the syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism.
- それは禅定(=坐禅)に新しい定義を与え、従前の仏教を真向から否定するような面を持つものだったが、唐代に隆盛を極めた。
- Although this sect brought forth a new definition of Zenjo (i.e., Zazen) and had the aspect of completely denying the existing Buddhism, it prospered in the era of the Tang Dynasty.
- 第十一願の往生浄土する者を必ず成仏せしめるという誓いの後の第十二・十三願であるから、往生浄土したものに具わるべき徳。
- Vows 12 and 13 come after Vow 11, which vows to unfailingly have anyone who dies a peaceful death in the Pure Land become a Buddha, and thus it refers to the virtue they should possess.
- その中で称名念仏において、具体的にこれを身振りや動作の上に把握しようとする中に、踊り念仏のようなものもあらわれてくる。
- Among the shomyo nenbutsu, within gestures and movements attempting to grasp a tangible Buddha came the appearance of odori nenbutsu (dancing nenbutsu).
- 美術院国宝修理所所長、東京芸大教授などを歴任する一方で、55年からは京都・愛宕念仏寺の住職となり、同寺の復興に当たる。
- While he played the role of the Director of the Kokuho Shurijo of the Nihon Bijitsuin and a professor of Tokyo University of the Arts, he became the chief priest of Otagi Nenbutsu-ji Temple in Kyoto in 1955 to restore the temple.
- しかしこの文の本質は、偶像として阿弥陀仏を崇拝するのではなく、阿弥陀仏のはたらきに帰依する事を強調する為の言葉である。
- However, the essence of this sentence is to emphasize devotion to Amida Buddha's power, not to worship Amida Buddha as a statue.
- 転輪聖王(武力でなく仏法によって世界を治める理想の王)は、兵士に対してその手柄に従って城や衣服、財宝などを与えていた。
- Tenrinjoo (universal ruler) (ideal king who reigns over the world not by armed force but by Buddhism) gave soldiers castles, clothes, treasures and so on according to feats they achieved.
- 大梵天王問仏決疑経の中に「正法眼蔵・涅槃妙心・実相無相の法門があり、文字を立てず教外に別伝して迦葉に付属する」とある。
- In the Daibontenno Monbutsu Ketsugikyo (Sutra on King Mahabrahma's Questions to the Buddha and Clarification of Doubts), it is written that there are Buddhist teachings known as Shobogenzo (literally, True Dharma-eye Treasury), Nehanmyoshin (Fine Mind of Nirvana) and Jissomuso (Undisclosed Subtle Dharma Gate), which were transmitted to Mahakasyapa outside the teachings without the use of written words.
- いわゆる真言亡国、禅天魔、念仏無間、律国賊(しんごんぼうこく、ぜんてんま、ねんぶつむけん、りつこくぞく)の四つをいう。
- His four criticisms (directed at Shingon Buddhism as a threat to the nation, Zen Buddhism as the work of the devil, Nenbutsu Buddhism as infernal doctrine and Ritsu Buddhism as an act of treason) are known, respectively, as 'Shingon Bokoku,' 'Zen Tenma,' 'Nenbutsu Muken' and 'Ritsu Kokuzoku.'
- 明治初年の神仏分離令以後相次いだ「門跡還俗令、廃仏毀釈、修験道禁止令等」により、醍醐寺の存続すらも危ぶまれるに至った。
- Early in the Meiji period, even the existence of Daigo-ji Temple was threatened due to the Ordinance for Distinguishing Shinto and Buddhism coupled with the Ordinance for the Secularization of Monzeki, Haibutsu-kishaku Movement (a movement to abolish Buddhism) and the Ordinance for Banning Shugendo.
- すなわちヒンドゥー教での悪神が仏教に帰依した後に守護神・護法善神とされた風習が、日本の風土でも同じくされたものである。
- This means that the Hindu custom of setting evil deities as guardians and Goho zenjin (good deities protecting dharma) after such evil deities became believers of Buddhism was also conducted in the same manner in the Japanese environment.
- 古い経典で、仏弟子たちが「南無仏」と唱えたといわれるのは、現存の仏陀釈尊に対する追憶の念仏であり、また祈りの念仏である。
- In old sutras, as Buddhist disciples are said to chant 'namubutsu' as a nenbutsu for remembering the living Buddha Shakyamuni, nenbutsu is an actual prayer.
- ところが、現実の釈迦へのイメージが仏弟子の後継者たちからだんだんぼやけて来ると、仏を純粋に「法」として念ずるようになる。
- However, as the image of Shakyamuni gradually becomes vague among Buddhist disciples, they begin to pray to the Buddha purely as 'a principle.'
- 釈尊滅後、釈尊が仏になることができたのは、在世の修行のみならず、過去世における長い修行の結果であるという思想が生まれた。
- Then, there emerged a belief among the people that the reason why Shakyamuni could become Buddha after his death was not only because of his ascetic practices he made during he was alive, but also his long-lasting practices he had accomplished in his past world.
- この称名念仏を純粋な形で人間生存の根底にすえ生きる力を求めたのは、良忍の融通念仏であり、さらに法然や親鸞の教えであった。
- For those who seek for the basic strength to the foundation of life in human lives through a pure form of nenbutsu, there is the Yuzu Nenbutsu (interpenetrated recitation) by Ryonin and further teachings by Honen and Shinran.
- 中心に題目の書かれた多宝塔(宝塔)を据え、両脇に祭祀者から見て左右に釈迦牟尼仏と多宝如来を安置し、その下に日蓮像を置く。
- The Tahoto pagoda (also referred to as hoto, a 'multi-treasure' pagoda), on which Nichiren chant is written, is placed at the center, Shakamuni butsu and Taho Nyorai (Prabhuta-ratna) are placed on the left and right of Tahoto viewed from the conductor of rituals, and the Nichiren statue is placed on the lower display shelf.
- 宮廷貴族に取り入り、藤原道長に摩訶止観等を講じ、一条天皇には法華疏を進講したほか、道長家に関係する様々な仏事に関与した。
- As he gained the favor of the Imperial Court and nobles, he lectured to FUJIWARA no Michinaga on the Makashikan (the Mahayana practice of cessation and contemplation) and so on, lectured to Emperor Ichijo on the Hokkesho (annotation of the Lotus Sutra), and he concerned himself with various Buddhist rites relating to the family of FUJIWARA no Michinaga.
- そも、袈裟の仏徳を誇って、世人の喜捨を煩わせるのは、私の持する志とは異なっているのだ」と述べ、売茶の生活に入ったという。
- Therefore, the idea of boasting about my Buddhist virtue, as shown by my monk's robe, or burning with the desire to receive alms from the people, these are foreign to my heart,' he said, and in that way he was said to have entered into Baisao's daily life.
- 天台宗ではこれを、極小から極大の相即した統一的な宇宙観を示し、実践的には自己の心の中に具足する仏界を観法することをいう。
- In the Tendai sect, ichinen sanzen suggest the uniform way of viewing the universe from the small to big; in a practical meaning, it indicates to view the spiritual realm of Buddhahood in one's own mind.
- 常行三昧堂(じょうぎょうざんまいどう)とは、天台宗において四種三昧のうち常行三昧の行を修するために建てられた仏堂である。
- Jogyo zanmai-do hall is a type of Buddhist hall built to perform the jogyo zanmai which is one of the Shishuzanmai (the four kinds of samadhi) of the Tendai sect.
- したがって法華経本門の文底にある、本因妙・文底下種益の南無妙法蓮華経を信受けなければ成仏し得脱することはできないという。
- Because of that, if people don't believe and receive Nanmyohorengekyo, which is Honinmyo, or a Geshu sunk under the words of Honmon of Hokekyo, they can't become like a Buddha and earn Gedatsu.
- 法師品第10「若し悪人有りて、不善の心を以って一劫の中に於いて、現に仏前に於いて常に仏を毀罵(きめ)せん、其の罪尚軽し。
- Hosshi hon No.10 (the preacher, the tenth chapter of the Lotus Sutra) 'If an evil man always defames and swears Buddha in front of Buddha with a bad mind actually, for a long time, his sin would be lighter.
- 蓮生墓所 建永2年9月4日(1207年9月27日)熊谷で予告往生を遂げた蓮生の遺骨は遺言により、念仏三昧院に安置された。
- Rensho graveyard: Rensho's body in Kumagaya. which was predictive of his birth in the Pure Land on September 27, 1207, was enshrined at Nenbutsu Zanmai-do Temple according to his will.
- 江戸時代中期以降は、女性の信仰の対象になることが多くなり、月待供養、念仏供養などの主尊として数多く造られるようになった。
- After the mid-Edo period, it has been often worshipped by women and produced as the main image for ceremonies such as a ceremony to wait for the rising moon and that of nenbutsu (Buddhist prayer).
- 廃仏毀釈(はいぶつきしゃく、廢佛毀釋)とは仏教寺院・仏像・経巻を破毀し僧尼など出家者が受けていた特権を廃するなどを指す。
- Haibutsu-kishaku (廃仏毀釈 in Chinese characters) means a movement to destroy Buddhist temples, Buddhist statues and Buddhist scriptures as well as to abolish the privileges entitled to Buddhist priests/nuns.
- 古くは『般舟三昧経』に説かれる諸仏現前三昧の代表として阿弥陀仏の念仏が説かれ、これが天台宗の常行三昧のよりどころとなった。
- In ancient times, nenbutsu of Amida Buddha was preached as a representative of Shobutsugenzenzanmai (various forms of the Buddha appearing in meditation) in the 'Hanju Zanmai-kyo Sutra' (sutra of the meditation to behold the Buddhas), and this became the basis of jogyo zanmai (constantly walking samadhi) in the Tendai sect.
- 延暦寺など天台宗寺院では同様の建物を「根本中堂」もしくは「中堂」と呼称し、禅宗寺院においては「仏殿」と呼称することが多い。
- Temples of the Tendai sect, such as Enryaku-ji Temple, call such buildings 'Konpon-chudo' or 'Chudo,' and many temples of the Zen sect call it 'Butsuden.'
- 禅を含む仏教は、1671年(寛文11年)につくられた寺請制度により、お布施という安定した収入源を得て安逸に流れつつあった。
- Thanks to the 1671 ordinance compelling commoners to register with a Buddhist temple, Buddhist priests, including Zen priests, had a guaranteed steady source of income in alms, allowing them to enjoy lives of idleness and leisure.
- 『初会金剛頂経』は金剛界曼荼羅の典拠となる経典で、真言宗や天台宗では密教の「即身成仏」の原理を明確に説いているとしている。
- 'Shoe Kongocho-kyo' is a sutra (or sacred book) used as a reference for Diamond World Mandala, and within the Shingon sect and Tendai sect, it is said to clearly explain the principles of 'Sokushin-Jobutsu' (Attaining Buddhahood with the Present Body) in Esoteric Buddhism.
- だが、律令制が弛緩すると、僧尼令をはじめとする仏教統制の法制は形骸化し、一方で修理料や燈分料規定も空文化するようになった。
- As the ritsuryosei waned, however, regulations and laws that had controlled Buddhism such as 'Soni ryo' (Regulations for Monks and Nuns) lost substance, and regulations on repairmen and maintenance subsidies also lost any meaning.
- 僧・尼及び国家より度牒を受けた沙弥・沙弥尼を対象とする法令である(仏教そのものを統制した法令ではないことに注意を要する)。
- It was a law applicable to priests and nuns as well as the shami (novice priests) and the shamini (novice nuns) who were officially certified by the state (Note that it did not govern Buddhism itself).
- それに対し黒田は、文献に現れる顕密(当時は一切の仏教を表現する用語)という言葉を用語化して顕密体制論という学説を提唱した。
- As an alternative, however, KURODA proposed the 'kenmitsu taisei' theory built on the term 'kenmitsu' (then, it referred to Buddhism as a whole) found in historical documents.
- 追説追泯(ついせつついみん)とは、仏教において、天台宗や日蓮宗などの法華経一乗の立場から、『大般涅槃経』を指した語をいう。
- The expression 'tsuisetsu tsuimin' (literally meaning 're-exposition and re-effacement') is a Japanese Buddhist term that refers to an interpretation given to 'the Nirvana Sutra' from the perspective (represented by the Tendai sect and Nichiren sect of Buddhism) that regards the Lotus Sutra as the fundamental sutra that brings salvation to the whole world.
- 地獄 (仏教)界・餓鬼界・畜生界・阿修羅界・人界・天界・声聞界・縁覚界・菩薩界・仏界に分類され、これらの総称が十界である。
- There are the worlds of hell, hungry spirits, animals, Asura, humans and heaven, as well as the worlds of voice-hearers, cause-awakened ones, Bosatsu and the spiritual realm of Buddhahood, all of which are collectively called Jikkai.
- 741年(天平13年)3月に聖武天皇が恭仁京郊外の泉橋院で行基と会見し、同15年東大寺の大仏造造営の勧進に起用されている。
- On March 741Emperor Shomu met Gyoki at Senkyo-in Temple in the suburb of Kuni-kyo, and in 743 Gyogi was designated as the Kanjin (position to collect donations for the temple) for the construction the Great Buddha statue in Todai-ji Temple.
- また大梵天王問仏決疑経にも「正法眼蔵・涅槃妙心、微妙(みみょう)法門あり、文字を立てず教外に別伝して迦葉に付属す」とある。
- Even thought the Creator again raised doubts and questioned Buddhist teachings, there is even 'Treasury of the True Dharma Eye, The essence of the Buddha's enlightenment' and doubtful teachings that are not documented and go beyond orthodox teachings which are associated with the sage Mahakasyapa.
- その周囲の8つの花弁には宝幢、開敷華王、無量寿、天鼓雷音の四仏と、普賢、文殊、観自在(観音)、弥勒の四菩薩が位置している。
- On the eight petals around Dainichi Nyorai are depicted the above-mentioned four Nyorai (Hoto, Kaifukeo, Muryoju and Tenkuraion) and four Bosatsu (Bodhisattvas), in other words Fugen (Samantabhadra), Monju (Manjusri), Kanzizai (or Kannon) (Guan Yin) and Miroku (Maitreya).
- なお涅槃経では、法華経の久遠実成を引継ぎつつ、それを更に発展昇華し、如来は入滅後においてもその仏性は永遠に存在すると説いた。
- Nehan-gyo (the Nirvana Sutra), has succeeded the idea of Kuon-jitsujo (Buddha had attained Enlightenment in the eternal past) from Hokke-kyo Sutra, and developed and sublimated it into an idea that the real nature of Budddha shall exist forever even after Nyorai (Buddha) entered nirvana.
- 神通も無量であって、それによって、衆生の苦を救うと思い、自分もまたそのような仏とならねばならないと仏を念ずることを意味する。
- Through these limitless powers, one must believe in easing the pain of all living things and pray to become one in the same as the Buddha.
- また異端とされる提婆達多派の仏教集団は釈迦を仏と認めず、それ以前に出現した賢劫の三仏を信仰の対象としていたことでも知られる。
- A group of Buddhists of the Devadatta school regarded as heretical had known that they had not recognized Shakyamuni as Buddha and, instead, worshipped Kengo no San-butsu (the last three Buddhas of one thousand Buddhas who appeared during the period before Shakya-muni's generation.)
- 法華経では、これらの鬼神が釈迦から法華経の話を聞いて成仏できることを知り、法華経を所持し伝える者を守護することを誓っている。
- In the Lotus Sutra, Buddha told a story of Hokekyo that made these demonesses realize that they could attain Buddhahood, and they swore to protect those who possess and hand down the Hokekyo.
- 隠し念仏は、藩からの宗教宗派弾圧のために隠れざるを得なかった薩摩藩や人吉藩の浄土真宗弾圧における隠れ念仏とは全く別物である。
- Kakushi nenbutsu is completely different from 'kakure nenbutsu,' which was a group of Jodo-shinshu believers in the Satsuma clan and the Hitoyoshi clan who could not help concealing their beliefs because of the suppression on Jodo Shinshu by the clans.
- また、各地の先学に教えを乞い、禅籍以外の仏典、漢籍、暦書、中国・日本の小説の類や古籍などの種々の分野にわたる諸本を渉猟した。
- He learned from masters in various places and read books extensively including Buddhist scriptures other than Zen, Chinese classic books, Rekisho (Expository books about the calendar), and antiquarian books in China and Japan.
- まず、法相宗は解深密経などを根拠として五性各別を説き、そもそも衆生には差別があり誰でもがすぐに成仏できるものではないとした。
- First of all, the Hosso sect preached goshokakubetsu (five natures distinction) based on the Gejinmitsu-kyo Sutra, and established a theory that there are distinctions among the people and not everyone is soon able to become a Buddha.
- まず講堂・阿弥陀堂の諸仏によって承暦元年(1077年)法印に昇叙され、応徳2年(1085年)に常行堂九体阿弥陀仏も造立した。
- First, he crafted the statues enshrined in its Kodo and 'Amida-do Hall' (a hall in which Amitabha Tathagata is enshrined), for which he was rewarded hoin in 1077, and second, he crafted the nine statues of Amitabha Tathagata enshrined in its 'Jogyo-do Hall' in 1085.
- 極楽浄土に生まれたいと願う者は皆、仏になることが約束され、阿弥陀仏の名号を聞信し喜び、心から念ずれば往生が定まると説かれる。
- It was preached and people earnestly felt that upon death everyone had a desire to be born in Sukhavati (Amitabha's Pure Land), committed to becoming a Buddha and, sincerely rejoiced on hearing the name Amitabha
- 浄土教日本の根本聖典の一つで、『仏説無量寿経』(康僧鎧訳)、『観無量寿経』(畺良耶舎訳)とともに「浄土三部経」と総称される。
- It is one of the fundamental sacred scriptures of the Japanese Jodo (Pure Land) sect; together with Bussetsu Muryoju-kyo (the Sutra of the Buddha of Immeasurable Life) (translated by Koso) and 'Bussetsu Kanmuryoju-kyo' (The Sutra of Contemplation on the Buddha of Immeasurable Life) (translated by Kyoryoyasha) they are collectively called 'The Jodo Sanbu-kyo' (the three main sutras of the Pure Land sect).
- いっぽう、現在の大相撲は神社仏閣の再興や造営の費用を捻出するための江戸時代初期の勧進相撲(かんじんずもう)に端を発している。
- On the other hand, the Ozumo we see today originates from Kanjin Zumo, which was held during the Edo period to make money for the demolition and construction of shrines and temples.
- 親鸞会においては現世において「他力信心」を獲ることが重要であり、念仏は救われた御恩に報いるお礼として称えるものであると説く。
- Shinrankai preaches that it is important to obtain 'Tariki Shinjin' in this world, and that Buddhist invocation is something to be chanted to repay the favor of salvation.
- しかも、この国土は法性の理に応ずる無為涅槃界であり、一切の衆生を導き救うために仏によって構えられた世界であると説かれている。
- Moreover, this land is mui nehankai, which is a world corresponding to the logic of Buddhism, and it is explained that this is a world made by Buddha to lead and save all lives.
- 法然は、道綽の『安楽集』に「聖道」と「往生浄土」の2種の勝法が説かれたことを受け、『選択本願念仏集』にて用いられた言葉である。
- Honen used the word 'Shodomon'in 'Senchaku hongan nenbutsu shu' (the holy writings of the Jodo Sect), as two kinds of shobo (Buddhism), 'Shodo' (the Holy Path) and 'Ojo Jodo' (Birth in the Pure Land) were preached in 'Anrakushu' (a collection of passages concerning birth in the Pure Land) by Doshaku.
- 長勢(ちょうせい、寛弘7年(1010年) - 寛治5年11月9日 (旧暦)(1091年12月21日))は、平安時代中期の仏師。
- Chosei was a 'busshi' (a sculptor of Buddhist statues) in the middle of the Heian period, whose birth year was 1010 (birth date unknown) and death date was December 27, 1091.
- 阿弥陀仏の慈悲に照らされた時、すなわち真実に目覚させられた時に、自らが何ものにも救われようがない「悪人」であると気付かされる。
- They are led to realize that they are too 'evil' to be saved when they are lit by the mercy of Amida Buddha; when they are thus awakened by the truth.
- すべての衆生は根源的な「悪人」であるがゆえに、阿弥陀仏の救済の対象は、「悪人」であり、その本願力によってのみ救済されるとする。
- Ordinary people are essentially 'evil,' and the object of the salvation of Amida Buddha is 'evil people,' so they will be saved by Amida Buddha's Primal Vow.
- 親鸞は、他力本願とは阿弥陀仏の本願の働きであり、その働きは浄土への往生のためだけでなく、今この時にも働き続けていると解釈した。
- Shinran interpreted that Tariki Hongan was the power of the Original Vow made by Amida Buddha, and that the power worked not only for the people's Birth in the Pure Land, but also kept working for the present moment in the people's real lives as well.
- 1192年(建久3年)法然が大和国八道見仏の発願により八坂引導寺で別時念仏を修する際、遵西は住蓮とともに六時礼讃を勤行している。
- In 1192 when Honen, at the wish of a Buddhist priest named Hachido Kenbutsu of the Yamato Province, dedicated Betsuji nenbutsu (practices in which ascetics chant the name of the Buddha and give invocation of the Buddha's name on a fixed date and time) at the Yasaka Indo-ji Temple, Junsai, together with his fellow priest Juren, was engaged in devotional exercises of Rokuji raisan (devotional exercises where Buddhist priests pray to the Buddha at six in the morning and the evening).
- 一念三千は、本来は天台宗によって創始、発展されたものであるが、日蓮はこの一念三千の理法を受け継ぎ、やはり仏法の極理であるとした。
- Although ichinen sanzen was originally created and developed by the Tendai sect, Nichiren succeeded the principle of ichinen sanzen and regarded it as the ultimate principle of the Buddhism.
- また善行を積もうとする行為(自力作善)は、「すべての衆生を無条件に救済する」とされる「阿弥陀仏の本願力」を疑う心であると捉える。
- The action of doing good deeds (their primal vow) is considered to imply that they doubt 'the Primal Vow of Amida Nyorai,' which is believed 'to save every person without condition.'
- このように、すでに古くから阿弥陀仏の目的が凡夫の救済を目標としていること、悪人正機の教えが親鸞の独創ではない事は指摘されていた。
- Thus, it has been pointed out through the ages that the object of Amida Buddha is the salvation of ordinary people and that the teaching of the salvation of the wicked did not originate with Shinran.
- このことは法華経譬喩品に「この経を毀謗する者は無間地獄に堕す」と説かれている通りであるから、念仏は無間地獄への法である、という。
- In the Fundamental Rules of the Lotus Sutra, it is written that anyone who criticizes this sutra will be sent to Hell; thus Nichiren argued that Nenbutsu Buddhism was the teaching of Hell.
- これを拈華微笑(ねんげみしょう)、以心伝心(いしんでんしん)といい、それを以って仏法の未来への附属を大迦葉に与えたといっている。
- Mahakasyapa's smile symbolizes the preaching of Zen Buddhism that the truth is beyond all verbal explanation, and Zen Buddhism maintains that through this wordless sermon Buddha entrusted the eternal truth of Buddhism to Mahakasyapa.
- 後小松天皇や称光天皇らも中津に帰依した人物の一人であり、その死後に前者は仏智広照国師、後者は聖国師という勅命による追贈を行なった。
- Emperor Gokomatsu and Emperor Shoko also became Buddhists influenced by Chushin; after Chushin's death, Emperor Gokomatsu and Emperor Shoko issued an imperial order to honor him as Bucchi Kosho Kokushi (the most reverend priest), Shokokushi, respectively.
- 江戸時代天保3年(1832年)に為永春水が著した人情本『春色梅児誉美』に「お娘を正座に取り巻いて念仏講をはじめるつもり」とみえる。
- 'Shunshoku umegoyomi' (Spring-Color Plum Calendar), a novel written in 1832 by Shunsui TAMENAGA, has a sentence that says, 'They surround a girl at the top of the room, and are about to begin 'nenbutsu-ko' (gang rape).'
- この物語の導師は仏で、旅をする人々は一切衆生、五百由旬の道のりは仏道修行の厳しさや困難、化城は二乗の悟り、宝処は一乗の悟りである。
- In this story, the Doshi (guru) was Buddha, the travelling people were Issai Shujo (all creatures), 500 Yojana road was harshness and difficulty of Buddhism ascetic practice, Kejo was Nijo enlightenment and the treasure spot was Ichijo enlightenment.
- それら人々の機根(仏の教えを理解する素養や能力)を三乗の方便教で調整し、その後に大白牛車である一乗の教えを与えることを表している。
- This story indicated that the people's Kikon (grounding and capability to understand the teachings of Buddha) was adjusted by Sanjo, then Ichijo (One Vehicle teaching) which was Daibyakugosha was given.
- 勧学会初日の15日は朝から『法華経』の購読を行い、夕方に弥陀を念じ(阿弥陀の名前を唱える)、夜は仏教の功徳を称える漢詩を作成する。
- On the first day of the Kangakue, or the 15th day of the month, they read 'Hokekyo' in the morning, made invocation of Mida (reciting of the name of Amida Buddha) in the evening, and made Chinese-style poems, admiring the merit of Buddhism, at night.
- それまでの政治色の強かった都市仏教への批判的意味合いも含み、鎮護国家を標榜しながらも密教的色彩を強め、国家とは一定の距離を置いた。
- Implying their criticism of urban Buddhism, which tended to be political, they strengthened the characteristic of Mikkyo (Esoteric Buddhism) despite the call to keep the nation tranquil, and distanced themselves from government.
- さらに、唯識家の人々のごとく、仏身も仏土もすべて、別に外にあるのではなく、自心所変である から、己心を離れて別にあるわけではない。
- Further, people who have Yuishiki (consciousness-only, the basic doctrine of the Japanese Hosso school) thought say there is only a person's consciousness, and since Buddha and their land is inside the person's heart, they don't exist outside the person's consciousness.
- 一部の国学者主導のもと仏法は外来の宗教であるとしてそれまで大きな勢力を持つ仏教勢力の財産や地位を剥奪し、弱体化するように誘導した。
- With the help of some scholars of Japanese classical literature who would take initiatives, the government led people to deprive the Buddhist force, which had significantly affected them until that time, of their properties and status, and to weaken the Buddhist influence.
- 念仏については、さらに正しく物を見るために、五停心観(ごじょうしんかん)という、心を停止する観法があり、その中にも「念仏観」がある。
- In nenbutsu, there is a method of contemplation where the mind is suspended to see things more correctly called 'gojoshinkan' (five approaches to meditation) wherein 'Nenbutsukan' (observation of mindfulness of the Buddha) is included.
- 一方、寺院の側からすれば、檀信徒に対して教導を実施する責務を負わされることとなり、仏教教団が幕府の統治体制の一翼を担うこととなった。
- Meanwhile, the system obliged the temple to give religious instructions to its believers, and had the Buddhist organizations play a role in the regime of the Edo shogunate.
- 会三帰一(えさん・きいつ、きいち)とは、「三乗を会(え)して一乗に帰す」と読み、仏教で三乗の教えを会して一乗の教えに帰せしめること。
- Esan kiitsu (Esan kiichi) means that learning ichijo (Single Vehicle) through understanding sanjo (the Three Vehicles carrying sentient beings to the world of enlightenment).
- また、日本仏教の宗派の一つである浄土真宗の教義の根幹を指す用語であり、親鸞の信心の特徴をあらわすもっとも端的にまとまった用語である。
- In addition, this term denotes the doctrinal basis of the Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism), one of the traditional schools of Japanese Buddhism, and highlights Shinran's religious faith most succinctly.
- 真言(しんごん)、サンスクリットマントラ (mantra)とは、大毘盧遮那成仏神変加持経などの密教経典に由来し、真実の言葉という意。
- The term 'shingon' or 'Sanskrit mantra' refers to sacred utterances, derived from Mikkyo scriptures (Esoteric Buddhism scriptures) such as Daibirushana Jobutsu Jinbenkaji-kyo Sutra (Mahavairocana Sutra).
- この双方が「南無阿弥陀仏」と仕上がっているので、菩薩が行わなくてはならない「発願」と「菩薩行」の2つが、名号に完備しているという説。
- It is a theory that since they have both become 'Namu amidabutsu,' the 'vow to attain enlightenment' and 'practices of Bodhisattva,' which Bodhisattva must pursue, are contained in the myogo.
- やがて、平安末期に法然の専修念仏が広まるともはや貴族仏教ではなくなり、民衆全体への広がりを見せ、鎌倉新仏教のさきがけとなって行った。
- Eventually, in the late Heian period, with the spread of Senju Nenbutsu (the Single-Minded Recitation of the Nenbutsu) of Honen, Heian Buddhism ceased to be an aristocratic form of Buddhism and spread to the entire populace, whereupon it heralded the Kamakura New Buddhism (new schools of Japanese Buddhism founded during the Kamakura period).
- 何故仏国土に往生する事が、成仏の方法となるかというと、成仏には、仏の導きと仏による成仏への保証(授記)がなければならないからである。
- In the context of Mahayana Buddhism, it was considered that because one must have juki (endorsement) by Buddhas to attain Buddhahood based on their guidance, the way to become a Buddha is to be born in Buddha lands.
- その後も加筆、書写が数多くなされたが、後に蓮如によって正信念仏偈とともに三帖和讃が開版され、門徒の朝夕の勤行に用いられるようになった。
- Subsequently, they were often revised partially and also transcribed, until they were newly published by Rennyo together with Shoshin Nenbutsuge (the right version of verses for prayers) so that followers may use the publications at their devotional exercises in the morning and evening.
- 西村公朝(にしむら こうちょう、1915年(大正4年)6月4日 - 2003年(平成15年)12月2日)は、仏師・仏像修理技師・僧侶。
- Kocho NISHIMURA (June 4, 1915 - December 2, 2003) was a busshi (sculptor of Buddhist Statues), Buddhist Statues repair specialist, and Buddhist priest.
- また長勢は、法成寺(天喜6年=1058年に焼失していた)の再興にも参加し、治暦元年(1065年)に金堂の造仏賞として、僧位に叙された。
- Also, Chosei took part in the restoration of Hojo-ji Temple, which burned down in 1058, and in 1065 he was conferred the priesthood in reward for the making of statues enshrined in its 'Kondo' (main hall).
- 「追泯」とは、『涅槃経』は『法華経』を説いた後なので、ただ方便教を説いただけではなく、『法華経』の意義をもって真実の仏性常住を説いた。
- The view also interprets Buddha's sermons in 'the Nirvana Sutra,' which were preached after his 'Lotus Sutra' sermons, as not simply representing his teachings on temporary truths, but his teachings on eternal truths, which were taught based on his 'Lotus Sutra' sermons in order to eliminate differences ('tsuimin').
- 浄土教日本の根本聖典の一つで、『観無量寿経』(畺良耶舎訳)、『阿弥陀経仏説阿弥陀経』(鳩摩羅什訳)とともに「浄土三部経」と総称される。
- It is among the basic scriptures of Japanese Jodo sect and is called 'the Jodo Sanbu-kyo,' along with 'Kammuryoju-kyo (Meditation Sutra),' translated by Ryuso Kyoryoyasha, and 'Amida-kyo Bussetsu Amida Sutra,' translated by Kumaraju.
- 浄土は何のためにあるのかといえば、仏自らが法楽を受用するためと共に、人々をその国に引接して化益をほどこし、さとりを開かせるためである。
- If you ask what Jodo exists for, it is for Buddha himself to obtain the Horaku (pleasure of a pious life) as well as to lead people to this land and provide the Buddhist benefits in order for them to be spiritually awakened.
- しかし、この外に阿&x95A6仏(あしゅくぶつ)の東方妙喜世界、薬師仏の東方浄瑠璃世界、釈迦牟尼仏の無勝荘厳国など知られている。
- However, Ashuku-butsu's (Aksobhya Buddha) 'Toho Myoki Sekai (the Eastern world of Delight)', Yakushi-butsu's 'Toho Joruri Sekai (Eastern Pure Land)' and Shakamuni-butsu's 'Musho Shogonkoku' are also well known.
- 法然を慕い帰依した、弟子の熊谷直実(れんせい:熊谷次郎直実)が、建久9年(1198年)に当地に、念仏三昧堂を建立したのが始まりである。
- It began in 1198, when Naozane KUMAGAI (Rensei: Jiro Naozane KUMAGAI) who yearned for Honen, became a believer of him and became Honen's disciple, constructed Nenbutsu Zanmai-do Temple.
- 摩多羅神(またら・しん、あるいは摩怛利神:またりしん)は、天台宗、特に玄旨帰命壇における本尊で、阿弥陀経および念仏の守護神ともされる。
- Matarashin (also known as Matarishin) is the principal image of the Tendai Sect, specially in the Genshi Kimyodan (a secret ceremony of the Tendai sect), and is also regarded as a guardian deity of the Amida-kyo Sutra and nenbutsu (Buddhist invocation).
- 「権」という文字は「権大納言」などと同じく「臨時の」「仮の」という意味で、仏が「仮に」神の形を取って「現れた」ことを文字で示している。
- Gon' (as a Chinese character, '権') means 'temporary' or 'provisional,' as is used in the words 'Gon Dainagon' (provisional major counselor), and 'gen' (or '現') means 'manifestation,' and therefore 'gongen' literally means the Buddhist divinity's manifestation in the form of a provisional deity.
- 法然はこの願を最も重要な願ととらえ、『選択本願念仏集』において、「故知 四十八願之中 既以念仏往生之願 而為本願中之王也」と解釈した。
- Honen regarded this as the most important vow of all and explained it by saying, 'Therefore, I declare that, of the 48 Vows, Nenbutsujo no gan (the vow to pass away peacefully and be reborn in Paradise through invocation of Amitabha) is the king of hongan.'
- 願名…女人成仏の願・女人往生の願(法然・大経釈)・変成男子の願(親鸞『浄土和讃』)・転女成男の願、聞名転女の願(存覚『女人往生聞書』)
- Title: Nyoninjobutsu no gan, Nyoninojo no gan (Honen's Commentary on Daikyo), Henjonanshi no gan ('Jodo wasan,' by Shinran), Tennyojonan no gan and Monmyotennyo no gan ('Nyoninojo kikigaki,' by Zonkaku)
- 大乗仏教経典には十方の仏をはじめ、現在過去未来の無量の諸仏が登場するが、すべて本仏釈迦牟尼仏のコピーに過ぎず、単なる迹仏と言う論である。
- Many Buddha appearing in the Sutra of Mahayana Buddhism, including various Buddha existing in all directions as well as in the past, present and future, were all Shakubutsu and no more than copies of Honbutsu or Shakyamuni Buddha.
- 平時は、仏壇の向かって右側面に、親(もしくは直近に亡くなった人の)の法名軸を掛け、向って左側面には、代々の法名を記した総法名軸を掛ける。
- In ordinary practice, homyo-jiku of your parents (or any other person who died recently) should be hanged on the right hand side of an altar as you face it, and on the left hand side, so-homyo-jiku covering all homyo names of your ancestors.
- 朝廷から本有円成、仏心、覚照、大定聖応、光徳勝妙、自性天真、放無量光の国師号が与えられ、また、明治天皇から大師 (僧)臨済宗と諡された。
- He was given such seven Kokushi-go (title for the most reverend priest) by the Imperial Court as Honyuensei, Busshin, Kakusho, Daijoshoo, Kotokushomyo, Jishotenshin and Homuryoko; the title of Daishi (Revered Master) of the Rinzai sect was also posthumously given to him by Emperor Meiji.
- 介石の理論は西洋天文学に比しては非科学的であったが、仏教経典と自己の独創性のみによってこれだけの理論を打ち立てた彼の才能は評価に値する。
- Kaiseki's theory was non-scientific, compared with western astrology, but his ability to establish such theory only from Buddhist scriptures and his own originality was worth praising.
- その後、俗側は白楽天(儒教的教養の持ち主ながら仏教を擁護した)の詩を、僧側は『法華経』を朗読して夜を明かし、翌16日朝に解散したという。
- After that, they spent the night with common people reading poems by Hakurakuten (or Bai Letian, he defended Buddhism, even though he was cultivated with Confucianism) and priests who read 'Hokekyo,' after which they were dispersed in the morning of the next day, the 16th day of the month.
- 法名は、釈迦の弟子(仏弟子)となったことをあらわす、「釋」の字を冠し、正依の聖教の中から2字が選ばれる(「鸞」・「如」等の字は、除く)。
- Homyo has the Chinese character '釋' to show that one can become a disciple of Shaka or Shkyamuni (a disciple of the Buddha) and two Chinese characters (except '鸞', '如' and so on) selected among shogyo (Buddhist sutra) of main sutras.
- 「念仏踊り」となったのは1207年に法然が宗教上の争いから讃岐に流され、この踊りを見てセリフとして「念仏」を唱えるようにさせた事による。
- This dance became 'Nenbutsu-odori' after Honen, who had been exiled to Sanuki in 1207 due to a religious conflict, saw the dance and made them perform it while chanting 'nenbutsu' or the Buddhist sutra.
- この場合、自らの解脱の為に菩薩行を行なう菩薩ではなく、悟達し既に仏界へ昇った如来が末法救済のために九界へ降り立った大菩薩であるとされる。
- It is thought that these Bosatsu were not the Bosatsu who were doing Bosatsu-gyo practice for the enlightenment of themselves, but the Nyorai, who had gotten enlightenment and entered the spiritual realm of Buddhahood, came to the Kukai (nine various realms except the Buddhahood) to give relief to the mappo days, called Daibosatsu (great Bosatsu).
- 本当の意味での「苦」の解決は、衆生が仏になることですべて解決されるから、往生浄土の上で仏となることが四十八願のもっとも重要な部分となる。
- In the true meaning, all their 'suffering' will be solved when sentient beings become Buddhas and, hence, to become a Buddha upon dying a peaceful death in the Pure Land is the most important part of the 48 Vows.
- 祭神の決定、寺院の廃合、僧侶の神職への転向、仏像・仏具の取り壊し、仏事の禁止、民間への神道強制などを急激に実施したために大混乱となった。
- Because various actions were taken hastily, including the decision of enshrined deities, the elimination of temples, Buddist priests' conversion to Shinto priests, the destruction of Buddhist statues and Buddhist tools, the prohibition of Buddhist rites and the compulsion of citizens' conversion to Shinto, the society became chaotic.
- これらの念仏の三流は、それぞれ特徴をもち、白蓮社の念仏は観想念仏を主とし、善導の念仏は口称念仏、慈愍流の念仏は禅観的念仏であるなどである。
- These three lineages of nenbutsu each have their own characteristics: Nenbutsu of Byakuren-sha mainly having characteristics as a kanso nenbutsu (to contemplate Buddha (especially Amitabha) in the mind and repeat his name), nenbutsu of Shandao having characteristics as kosho nenbutsu (invocatory prayer), and nenbutsu in Jimin-ryu having the characteristics of zen.
- 側面に掛ける理由は、浄土真宗の仏壇は浄土をあらわしたものであり、故人も諸仏として、その中心にいる阿弥陀如来へ向いていると考えるからである。
- The reason why homyo-jiku are hanged on the inner sides of altar is explained as, in the Jodo Shinshu school, any altar is considered to represent jodo (a pure land) where all the deceased, being treated as Buddha, face toward Amida Nyorai (Amidabha) in the center.
- この六字は、すなわち法蔵菩薩(阿弥陀仏の修行〈因位〉時の名)が修行し、大願大行を成就して正覚を得た上の名であるから、「果号」とも呼ばれる。
- Since these six letters are the names that Hozo bosatsu (the name of Amida Buddha when he was conducting ascetic practices (Ini, or not yet reaching Satori (enlightenment)) received after conducting ascetic practices and reached Shogaku (true enlightenment), it is also called 'kago.'
- また、『本朝文粋』には天延2年(979年)から翌年にかけて参加者が勧学会を開くための会場となる念仏堂建立を計画していたことが記されている。
- Also in 'Honcho monzui,' it is recorded that in 979 through the next year, the participants of Kangakue had planned to construct a Nenbutsu-do Hall (hall to make nenbutsu) as a site to conduct Kangakue.
- 仏罰とは第3者が現実的に科すものではなく、誹謗正法つまり謗法(ぼうほう)を犯したことで三証として実生活に顕れる事象を指して言うものである。
- Butsubachi does not mean punishment given by another person in reality, but the event which is revealed in one's real life as objective evidence caused by the violation of Slander of the True Dharma, that is, Hobo.
- 内容は、阿弥陀仏から回向された信心を受容すれば、浄土に往生することが定まり、悟りを開いて仏になることが、その時点で決定していることをいう。
- What Shinran expounded about the term is that accepting faith devoted by Amida Buddha would affirm birth in the Pure Land, and attainment of enlightenment, becoming a Buddha, at that moment.
- 私たちが住むこの世界は、耳根の得道の国であり、あらゆる人々は声を縁として妙法を知り、修行して、成仏の境涯に到達することができる世界である。
- The world we live in is the realm of nikon no tokudo, and all the people can learn Myoho (excellent methods) through voice, and attain the mental state of entrance into Nirvana through ascetic practices.
- その内容としては直接民衆に説いて念仏・誦経などの行為を勧める者や寺院・仏像などの新造あるいは修復・再建のために浄財の寄付を求める者がいた。
- Specifically, some monks directly encouraged people to recite nenbutsu (Buddhist prayers) or jukyo (chanting or reading the sutras), and others called for people to offer money for building, repairing and remodeling a new temple or statue.
- 清規(しんぎ)は正式には清浄大海衆 規矩準縄(しょうじょうだいかいしゅう きくじゅんじょう)と言い、仏教の一宗派である禅宗の集団規則である。
- Shingi (Monastic regulations in the Zen Sect), which is formally called Shojodaikaishu kikujunjo, is the regulations of a group of the Zen sect (a sect of Buddhism).
- 彼はその著書『往生要集』末尾の「臨終の行儀」において上の両者の説を引用しつつ、臨終時における念仏生活の心得を説いて後世に大きな影響を与えた。
- Quoting their theories in 'Manners at one's end' at the end of his book 'Ojoyoshu' (The Essentials of Salvation), Genshin preached the manners of a life devoted to a Buddhist invocation that should be followed at the time of rinju, and as a result made a tremendous impact on later generations.
- 当初は1198年(建久9年)法然が「選択本願念仏集」を著したとき、これを批判した「浄土決疑抄」を著したりしたが、後に念仏に帰依したとされる。
- In the earliest years, he wrote 'Jodo ketsugi-sho' (Deciding the Meaning of the Pure Land) in which he criticized Honen's 'Senchaku hongan nenbutsu shu' (Holy Writings of the Jodo Sect) which was written in 1198; but in later years, he is said to have devoted himself to nenbutsu (Buddhist invocation).
- また、神仏習合によって興福寺と一体化していた春日社の神人に組み入れられて同様の役割を果たすこともあり、こうした春日社神人を「国民」と呼んだ。
- It also sometimes played the same role as above, incorporated into the jinin (associates of Shinto shrines) of Kasuga-sha Shrine, which was integrated with Kofuku-ji Temple by the syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism, and such jinin of Kasuga-sha Shrine was called 'Kokumin.'
- また一説には、広隆寺の牛祭の祭神は、源信僧都が念仏の守護神としてこの神を勧請して祀ったとされ、東寺の夜叉神もこの摩多羅神であるともいわれる。
- According to other theories, the enshrined deity of the Ushi-matsuri (Ox Festival) of the Koryu-ji Temple was enshrined by kanjo (ceremonial transfer of a divided tutelary deity to a new location) of Genshin Sozu as a guardian deity, and the Yashashin of the To-ji Temple is also said to be the same deity as this Matarashin.
- 十界(じっかい)とは、天台宗の教義において、人間の心の全ての境地を十種に分類したもので、六道に声聞・縁覚・菩薩・仏の四を付加したものである。
- Jikkai means all the states of a human spirit categorized into 10 types according to the creed of the Tendai sect, including Rokudo (six posthumous worlds) as well as the four of states of Shomon, Enkaku, Bosatsu and Buddhahood.
- 故人が本山より「法名 (浄土真宗)院号」を授与されていた場合は、その時に授与される「院号法名」が記された紙を、真宗専門の仏具店などで表装する。
- If the head temple of Jodo Shinshu school has already conferred homyo (posthumous name) and ingo (posthumous title) on the deceased, you must receive from the temple the paper on which these homyo and ingo have been written, and make the paper mounted on a hanging scroll at any store of Buddhist altar fittings specializing in Shinshu school.
- 今日では、以上のような念仏講は、村落内の老人たちによる寄り合いとしての役割を果たしており、その宗教的役割のほか、老人の娯楽の場ともなっている。
- Thus, nenbutsu-ko today functions as a village meeting of the aged, so it serves not only a religious role but also as an occasion for the entertainment of the aged.
- 能(よ)く衆生をして仏性を見せしむ、法華の中に八千の声聞の記別を受くることを得て大果実を成ずる如く、秋収め冬蔵(おさ)めて更に所作無きが如し。
- Just as the teachings revealed in the Lotus Sutra achieved great success by enabling 8000 disciples of Buddha achieve religious salvation, this sutra will teach Buddhist truths to the unenlightened masses, who will have nothing more to learn, just as farmers who have harvested crops in fall for winter storage have nothing more to do,
- 彼は、浄土への往生を喜ぶだけでなく、将来は往生して浄土で仏となることが確約されている現在を現生正定聚(げんしょうしょうじょうじゅ)と説明した。
- For him, it was not just about the Jodo sects idea of dying a happy death but, it was explained that to die a future happy death in the Jodo sect was to confirm ones faith in Buddhism by achieving rebirth in the present (gensho).
- 胎蔵界曼荼羅は「大毘盧遮那成仏神変加持経」の所説に基づいて作られたもので、サンスクリット語の元の意味は「大いなる慈悲から生じた曼荼羅」である。
- Moreover, the depiction on Taizokai Mandala is based on the theory explained in the Mahavairocana Tantra, and the mandala's name originated from Sanskrit words meaning 'mandala born from maternal mercy.'
- 三昧(さんまい、Samādhi, サマーディの音写)とは、仏教における禅、ヒンドゥー教における瞑想において、精神集中が深まりきった状態のこと。
- Sanmai (三昧, transcription of Samādhi) means the ultimate state of mental concentration attained through zen, in the case of Buddhism, or through meditation, in the case of Hinduism.
- なお、鎌倉時代以後、寺院内部において僧侶大衆 (仏教)が経典の講義を行う勧学会あるいは勧学講と呼ばれる儀式が有力寺院を中心に行われるようになる。
- In addition, in and after the Kamakura period, ceremonies called Kangakue and Kangakuko, in which teaching of sutras were held by a group of priests, began to be held in powerful temples.
- 浄土教ではそのような悪い事象も良い事象もすべてみ仏にお任せして、自らはしっかりと信心をするという本来の意味での他力本願にすがるしかない、とする。
- The Jodo sect interprets that a person should ask Tariki Hongan (salvation through the benevolence of Buddha) which originally means to entrust Buddha with all such bad phenomena and good phenomena and believe it securely.
- 降誕会(ごうたんえ)、仏生会(ぶっしょうえ)、浴仏会(よくぶつえ)、龍華会(りゅうげえ)、花会式(はなえしき)、花祭(はなまつり)の別名もある。
- The ceremony is also known as Gotane, Busshoe, Yokubutsue, Ryugee, Hanaeshiki and Hanamatsuri.
- 日本の仏教諸派に於いて、開経偈・三帰依文・誓願(四弘誓願)などと並び、在家檀信徒の日常の読経に広く用いられており、漢文書き下しを読むことも多い。
- As well as Kaikyoge, Sankiemon, Seigan (Shiguseigan), and other gemon, Sangege is widely used for daily sutra chanting by lay believers of various sects of Buddhism in Japan, and is often read in the kanbun (Chinese classics) style.
- 不空成就如来(ふくうじょうじゅにょらい)、サンスクリットアモーガシッデイ (amoghasiddhi)は、仏教における信仰対象である如来の一尊。
- Fukujoju Nyorai (Amoghasiddh) is one of the Five Wisdom Buddhas worshipped in Buddhism.
- 盂蘭盆や一部の仏教宗派の祭礼の供物や名物として、現在でもその門前町の商店やお寺でも食することはできるが、一般ではほとんど作られることがない料理。
- People can eat this dish at shops in the temple town of Monzen-machi or at temples even today, as altarage for the Urabon Festival or for the rites and festivals of some religious schools of Buddhism, or as specialty; however, this dish is seldom made in general daily life.
- これによれば、坐禅の要諦は一切の思慮分別を断絶してただ黙々と坐することによって人が持つ仏としての心性があらわれ、仏徳がそなわるところにあるという。
- This theory preached that the essence of zazen was for one to keep just sitting in silence, being isolated from any ordinary discretion or consideration, until his or her own nature would appear in an image of Buddha so that he or she might obtain Buddhist virtue.
- 内容はそれまでの戒律を基に、仏教教団としては異例の自給自足体制を確立させた禅宗教団に適合するような、主に集団生活を適正に維持するための規則である。
- Based on the preceding religious precepts, it was established principally as the rules by which to maintain group life, which were suitable for the Zen sect organization that had established the self-sufficiency system, which was exceptional for a Buddhist organization.
- 1082年(永保2年)、50歳の永観が日課の念仏を唱えながら、本尊の阿弥陀如来の周りを行道していると、阿弥陀如来が須弥壇を下り、共に行道を始めた。
- In 1082, when Yokan at age 50 was walking around the statue of Amida Nyorai, the main revered figure, reciting the nenbutsu as his daily routine, Amida Nyorai stepped down from the sacred platform and began to walk with Yokan.
- 一般的に中国大陸より初期に渡来した系統の伽藍においては「金堂」、禅宗にあっては「仏殿」、日本的発展を遂げた寺院では「本堂」と称すると理解してよい。
- Generally speaking, it isn't wrong to understand that 'Kondo' is used by temples that were founded in the early stage after Buddhism was introduced from China, that 'Butsuden' is used by the Zen sect, and that 'Hondo'' is used other temples that developed in Japan.
- これは釈迦仏がたとえ話を用いてわかりやすく衆生を教化したスタイルに則しており、法華経の各品でもこの様式を用いてわかりやすく教えを説いたものである。
- This was based on the manner Sakya-muni Buddha enlightened Shujo (all living things) in plain language using parables, and this manner was used in the sections of the Hoke-kyo Sutra in which the teachings were plainly expounded,.
- また、日本天台宗の開祖伝教大師最澄と真言宗の開祖弘法大師空海という平安時代仏教の双璧をなす両雄の交流を示す資料としてもこの3通の存在は貴重である。
- These three letters are precious as written materials that represent the relationship between Dengyo Daishi (great teacher of the Buddhism) Saicho, the founder of the Nihon Tendai sect, and Kobo Daishi (a posthumous title of the priest Kukai) Kukai the founder of the Shingon sect; both were the two greatest Buddhist priests in the Heian period.
- 後に、中国天台宗の湛然は、『法華経』提婆達多品での竜女成仏を論じる際に、『菩薩処胎経』諸仏行斉無差別品にある即身成仏と結びつけ、速疾頓成を説いた。
- Tannen of Chinese Tendai sect later preached Sokushitsutonjo, when he mentioned Ryunyo-Jobutsu (the legend of the Dragon King's daughter who transformed herself into a man in the process of becoming a Buddha, because women could not become a Buddha) in Daibadatta-bon (Chapter on 'Devadatta,' the 12th chapter of Hoke-kyo (the Lotus Sutra)) of 'Hoke-kyo Sutra,' by connecting it to Sokushin-Jobutsu (attaining Buddhahood while still in the flesh) in 諸仏行斉無差別品 of 'Bosatsu Shotaikyo (The Bodhisattva Womb Sutra)'.
- これらの筆頭が上行菩薩・無辺行菩薩・浄行菩薩・安立行菩薩であり、これらの菩薩は釈迦亡き後の末法の世において法 (仏教)を護持するものとされている。
- The leading Bosatsu of these were Jogyo, Muhengyo, Jogyo and Anryugyo and they are considered to guard the Buddhism in the mappo (the latter days of Buddhism) days after the death of Shaka.
- 神仏分離令や大教宣布は決して仏教排斥を意図したものではなかったが、結果として廃仏毀釈運動(廃仏運動)とも呼ばれる民間の運動を引き起こしてしまった。
- Although neither Shinbutsu Bunrirei nor Taikyo Senbu aimed boycotting Buddhism, both of them eventually gave rise to a civil movement called the Haibutsu-kishaku Movement (the Movement of Haibutsu).
- それら衆生は各自の機根に応じて一乗の教えを二にも三にも聞くが、仏は大慈悲をもって一味(一乗の異名)実相の教えを衆生に与え、利益で潤したことを例えた。
- This story indicated that Buddha, with great pity and compassion, had given Shujo teachings of the true nature of Ichimi (another name of Ichijo) to confer benefits upon Shujo although these Shujo understood Ichijo teachings twofold or threefold based on their Kikon.
- つまり始成正覚の釈迦仏は迹門として現した仮の仏の姿であるが、久遠実成の釈迦仏こそ本門として本地・本体である真実の仏の姿を現し、事の一念三千を説いた。
- It means that Shaka as Shijo Shogaku in Shakumon was a Buddha having only a temporary appearance, but Shaka as Kuon Jitsujo in Honmon was the Buddha with true appearance and body, preaching Ichinen sanzen of the phenomena in this world.
- 日蓮は、釈迦仏一代の教えはもちろん、世間にあるすべての思想や宗教を比較検討し、教理の高低・浅深・勝劣を比較し、すぐれたものを段階的に五重に選択した。
- Nichiren compared and examined all ideas and religions, of course including the lifetime teaching of Shaka, and evaluated whether the religious principles are high or low, shallow or deep, and better or worse by five steps.
- その諫言に従い、名利の道を捨てて、横川の恵心院(現在のものは、坂本里坊にあった別当大師堂を移して再建したもの。)に隠棲し、念仏三昧の求道の道を選ぶ。
- Following her instructions, he put away fame and fortune and chose the way to seek truth with nenbutsu-zanmai (mental absorption in the nenbutsu) in a secluded life at the Eshin-in Temple in Yokawa (the present building was the former Betto Daishi-do Hall in Sakamoto Satobo which had been removed and rebuilt on the present location).
- また梵蔵文では、衆苦を身心の諸々の苦といい、諸楽を楽の材料というから、極楽とは身心が共に苦 (仏教)を離れていて、幸福の材料だけがあるところの意味。
- Also, since in Bonzobun (translation of Abhidhamma (ancient Buddhist works)) it is said that shuku is various painful feelings and the body and that shoraku (all kinds of enjoyment) is the basis of happiness, Gokuraku is a place where feeling and body are away from pain and only the basis of happiness exists.
- 最澄はこの時期すでに天皇の護持僧である内供奉十禅師の一人に任命されており、当時の仏教界に確固たる地位を築いていたが、空海はまったく無名の一沙門だった。
- At that time, Saicho had been appointed to one of the naikubu-juzenshi (the ten selected excellent priests for conducting Buddhist services in the Imperial Court) who were gojiso (a priest who prayed to guard the emperor), but Kukai was only an obscure priest.
- 法華系宗派・教団の一部の解釈によると、仏教には因果応報の考え方から“罰”を詳細に説いており、『法華経』には、正法を誹謗する悪果報が説かれているとする。
- According to the interpretation of a part of the schools and groups of the Hokke Sect line, Buddhism explains the 'punishments' in detail from the idea of Inga Oho (law of retributive justice), and Akka-ho which libels the True Dharma is explained in 'Hoke-kyo' (the Lotus Sutra).
- 真宗大谷派における勤行(ごんぎょう)とは、「お内仏」や、携帯する事のできる「三折本尊」などの前で、合掌礼拝・称名念仏し、偈文などを読誦することをいう。
- In the case of the Shinshu Otaniha (Otani school of the Jodo Shishu sect), Gongyo (devotional exercises) is to do gassho (putting the palms of hands together), raihai (adoration), shomyo nenbutsu (invocation of the Buddha's name), and to do dokuju (hailing) of gemon (recitation of verses) in front of an 'onaibutsu' (another name for butsudan (a Buddhist altar)) or portable 'mitsuori honzon' (mitsuori - can be folded into thirds, honzon - principal object of worship).
- 日本における不空成就如来の彫像は、五仏(五智如来)の一として造像されたものが大部分であり、不空成就如来単独の造像や信仰はほとんどないと言って大過ない。
- Most statues of Fukujoju Nyorai in Japan were made as one of the Five Wisdom Buddhas; there is almost no statue of or belief in Fukujoju Nyorai alone.
- 善行の結果を人々のためになるよう期待し、それを果すのを「衆生回向」といい、善行の結果を仏果の完成に期待するならば、それを果すことは仏道への回向である。
- Expecting and practicing the results of good deeds to benefit other people is called 'shujo eko (eko for mankind),' and practicing the expectation for the result of good deeds to attain Buddhahood is eko for Buddhist enlightenment.
- 念仏とは、サンスクリット語ではbuddha-anusmRtiであり、六念(ろくねん 念仏、念法、念僧、念戒、念施、念天)の一つとしての念仏の原語である。
- Nenbutsu in Sanskrit is buddhānusmṛti, and is an original word as one of the Rokunen (the six repetitions of prayers; nenbutsu, nenbo (recollection of the dharma), nenso (to be mindful of the samgha), nenkai (mindfulness of morality), nense (mindful of charity) and nenten (desire heaven)).
- ただし今度はこの訓戒が逆に行き過ぎて、例えば悪行をなした者は念仏道場への立ち入りを禁止するなどの問題が起きた事を、唯円は『歎異抄』において批判している。
- However, this warning sometimes had an excessive influence; in 'Tannisho,' Yuien criticized overly strict people who would not allow those who had committed bad deeds to enter Nenbutsu dojo.
- 1331年(元弘元年)第8世善阿空円のとき、京都に疫病が蔓延し、後醍醐天皇の勅により七日念仏百万遍を行い疫病を治めたことから「百万遍」の号が下賜された。
- In 1331, during the era of the eighth Zenna Kuen, a plague raged through Kyoto and he performed the ritual of the seven-day nenbutsu Hyakumanben (literally, 'a million times') by the order of Emperor Godaigo and ended the plague; consequently, the temple was given the title 'Hyakumanben.'
- しかし釈尊滅後、女性は成仏するのが難しいという思想が広まり、大乗仏教では、そういう女性蔑視の思想を否定しようとして変成男子の思想を示したとも考えられる。
- However, the idea of women's difficulty in attaining Buddhahood spread after Shakyamuni passed away, and the idea of Henjo Nanshi may be cited in Mahayana Buddhism to deny such misogyny.
- 1900年、本願寺よりヨーロッパにおける政教調査のためロンドン派遣の命を受け、大英博物館やヴィクトリアアルバート美術館にて仏教美術研究の最新動向に触れた。
- In 1900, he was ordered by Hongan-ji Temple to go to London for a survey of religion and politics in Europe, and he came into contact with the latest trends in Buddhist art investigation at the British Museum and the Victoria and Albert Museum.
- 一方、浄土真宗系の隠し念仏の例を挙げると、浄土真宗本願寺教団そのものから異端視されて邪教とされたため、教団に対しても隠さざるを得なかった宗派内異教である。
- Meanwhile, the kakushi nenbutsu derived from Jodo Shinshu could not help concealing their beliefs even from the organization of the Hongan-ji school of Jodo Shinshu, because it was deemed heresy from the organization itself.
- この物語の良医は仏で、病で苦しむ子供たちを衆生、良医が帰宅し病の子らを救う姿は仏が一切衆生を救う姿、良医が死んだというのは方便で涅槃したことを表している。
- This story indicated the excellent physician was Buddha, the children suffering from poisoning were Shujo, the excellent physician's return and rescue of suffering children was Buddha's rescue of Issai Shujo and the death of the excellent physician was death as a Hoben (means).
- この物語の長者とは仏で、窮子とは衆生であり、仏の様々な化導によって、一切の衆生はみな仏の子であることを自覚し、成仏することができるということを表している。
- This story in which the Choja was Buddha and the poor man was Shujo indicated that all Shujo could realize their being children of Buddha and became a Buddha by Buddha's enlightenment of all kinds.
- またこれに従って、法華経に対し涅槃経の方が、三乗の同一仏性の常住を説いて会三帰一の理論的根拠を説いているという指摘もなされている(「仏教布教体系」など)。
- It is also pointed out that actually Nehangyo rather than Lotus Sutra explains the bussho josho (one of the Buddhist teachings about the status of reaching the Nirvana and its eternity) of sanjo as well as the logical reason of esankiitsu ('Bukkyo fukyo taikei' and so on).
- 親鸞はこれから「南無阿弥陀仏」は衆生が浄土に往生する因であるから、名号のいわれである「まかせなさい。必ず救うぞという仏の呼び声」を聞信すべきであるという。
- Accordingly, Shinran said that because 'Namu amidabutsu' is the cause for mankind to go to the Pure Land, they must listen to and believe the origin of the myogo, 'the calling of the Buddha, saying, trust it and it will save you.'
- これは法華経以前の釈迦が説いた教えは、すべて方便で説かれたものであるから成仏する道ではない、という爾前無得道論(にぜんむとくどうろん)に基づく主張である。
- His criticisms are based on the argument that the teachings of Buddha prior to the Lotus Sutra do not show the true way to attain nirvana because they were given as provisional teachings.
- 『大毘盧遮那成仏神変加持経』、別名『毘盧遮那経』(びるしゃなきょう)、『大日経』(だいにちきょう)は、7-8世紀頃成立したと考えられている密教経典である。
- 'Daibirushana Jobutsu Jinbenkaji-kyo Sutra,' which is also called 'Birushanakyo Sutra' or 'Dainichi-kyo Sutra,' refers to Esoteric Buddhist scriptures that are considered to have been established in or around the period of the seventh through eighth centuries.
- Samādhi という語は、インドの瞑想の伝統の中で培われたものであり、仏教だけでなく、共通の背景を持つヒンドゥー教・ヨーガの用語としても用いられている。
- The term 'Samādhi' is rooted in the tradition of meditation in India and is used not only in Buddhism but also in Hinduism and Yoga, which share a common background.
- その後、浄土教を民間に布教するため、1072年(延久4年)に禅林寺に戻りそこに住し、人々に念仏を勧め、寺内に「薬王院」を設け、病人救済などの事業を行なった。
- Then, he returned to Zenrin-ji Temple in 1072 to promulgate Jodo sect and encouraged followers to practice the nenbutsu, and established 'Yakuo-in' on the grounds of the temple which performed public services caring for the ill and so on.
- しかるに大乗仏教の発展に伴い、それでは仏に近づきつつも無限に近い気の遠くなるような時間であり、結局は永久に仏と成ることはできないだろうという発想が生まれた。
- But, the development of Mahayana Buddhism gave rise to the idea that it would take an excessive amount of time, almost endless, just to come closer to a Buddha, and that it would be impossible to ever become a Buddha.
- 慶円(けいえん/きょうえん、保延6年(1140年) - 貞応2年1月27日 (旧暦)(1223年2月28日))は、鎌倉時代初期に神仏両部思想を確立した僧侶。
- Keien (also read as 'kyoen;' 1140 - February 28, 1223) was a priest who established Shinbutsu ryobu shiso (the idea of Dual-Shinto and Buddhism) during the early part of the Kamakura period.
- 真仏(しんぶつ、承元3年2月10日 (旧暦)(1209年3月17日) - 正嘉2年3月8日 (旧暦)(1258年4月13日))は、鎌倉時代中期の浄土真宗の僧。
- Shinbutsu (March 17, 1209 - April 13, 1258) was a Pure Land Sect Buddhist priest in the mid-Kamakura period.
- のちに阿弥陀如来への浄土信仰も取り込まれ、本堂の壇上には阿弥陀仏の像を安置した、行者の呼吸の吸吐を阿弥陀の来迎浄土と感じ取り、そこに生死の根源を究めるとする。
- It took in Jodo-shinko (the Pure Land faith) to Amida Nyorai (Amitabha Tathagata) later, putting Amidabutsu-zo (a statue of Amitabha) on the alter of Hondo (main sanctuary), and treated the breath practitioners to be Pure Land for the descent of Amida where the rise of lives lie.
- これに対し、法華経後半部14品、特に如来寿量品で、釈迦仏は菩提樹下で悟ったのではなく、実は久遠の大昔に悟りを得た久遠実成(くおんじつじょう)であったと説いた。
- Opposing to that in the latter 14 chapters of Hokekyo, especially in Nyorai Juryo Hon, it is preached that Shaka didn't earn enlightenment under the Bodhi tree, but really, he was Kuon Jitsujo, or a Buddha who already earned enlightenment a very long time ago, in eternal past.
- 仏教の中国における大きな支流である禅には段階的な手順を得て起きる悟り(漸悟)を説く北方禅と、瞬時に起きる突然の悟り(頓悟)を説く南方禅に分かれた時期があった。
- In China where there is a big Zen Buddhism movement, Northern Chinese Zen advocates the obtaining of Satori through a process of graded steps and, this differs from Southern Chinese Zen's preaching of sudden and momentary enlightenment.
- この報土にどうして凡夫の往生が許されるかについては、善導は、凡夫の往生が許されるのは、凡夫も仏厳に乗托するからで、仏願に乗托して凡夫の往生が認められるという。
- As for the reason common people can make ojo (enter Gokuraku), Shandao said that since common people believe in the oath of Buddha, the ojo of the common people is accepted by that oath of Buddha.
- なお、よく時代劇で用いられる「明暗」と書かれた箱は、仏教用語のように見えるが、特に意味はなく、「私は明暗寺(みょうあんじ)の者である」という程度のものである。
- By the way, the box called 'Meian' (bright and dark), which is often seen in the period drama on TV and seemed like a special Buddhist word, actually does not have any special meaning and it can just mean 'I am from Myoan-ji Temple.'
- この物語の長者は仏で、火宅は苦しみの多い三界、子供たちは三界にいる一切の衆生、羊車・鹿車・牛車の三車とは声聞・縁覚・菩薩(三乗)のために説いた方便の教えである。
- In this story, the Choja is Buddha, the burning house was Sangai (three realms) full of earthly desires, the children were all Shujo in the Sangai, Sansha of Yosha, Rokusha and Gosha were the three divisions of the teachings of Buddha for Shomon (vehicle of the hearers), Engaku (solitary-Buddha vehicle) and Bosatsu (enlightenment-bound vehicle) (Sanjo [the Three Vehicles carrying sentient beings to the world of enlightenment]).
- これに対して、8世紀には大学寮において一部ながら見られ、『経国集』などによって今日でも見ることが出来る儒教的見地からの仏教批判はすっかり影を潜めるようになった。
- In opposition to this, criticism against Buddhism from the Confucianism side of view, which could partly be seen in Daigakuryo in the eighth century, and can still be seen today in historical sources such as 'Keikokushu' (A collection of managing the country) became completely eclipsed.
- したがってこれを、歴劫迂廻(りゃっこう・うえ、迂回とも書く)といい、漸(ようや)く次第して成仏する教えであるということから漸教(ざんきょう)というようになった。
- Therefore, this practice is called Ryakko ue (written as 歴劫迂廻 or 迂回; 'ue' means a detour), and it came to be called Zankyo (gradual teaching) because it is the teaching of becoming a Buddha little by little and by degrees.
- 従って、日蓮がいみじくも指摘したように、摂受も折伏も異なるように見えるが、仏の正しい法へと導くための大事な手だてであり、どちらも離れて存在し得ない化導法である。
- Therefore, as it was quite appropriately described by Nichiren, that both shoju and shakubuku are important means for leading people to the true teaching of Buddhism, although the terms appear to be different but they were united in Kedo-ho (means of enlightening and leading people to goodness) and they cannot exist separately.
- これらのない独自の修行は、阿羅漢(あらかん)や辟支仏(びゃくしぶつ)となる事は出来るが、それらになると二度と仏となる事が出来ない、と大乗仏教では考えられていた。
- It was further considered that, given independent self-training without Buddhas' guidance nor their juki (endorsement), one could become an Arakan or Byakushibutsu; however, once they become either Arakan or Byakushibutsu they could not attain Buddhahood.
- 主な引用先…善導:『観無量寿経疏』、源信 (僧侶)…『往生要集』、法然:『選択本願念仏集』、親鸞:『顕浄土真実教行証文類』、『愚禿鈔』、作者不詳:『安心決定鈔』。
- The above is quoted mainly from the following: 'Kammuryoju-kyosho (Kangyosho) (Commentary on the Meditation Sutra),' by Shandao; 'Ojoyoshu (Buddhism book),' by Genshin (a priest); 'Senchakuhongan nenbutsu shu,' by Honen; 'Kenjodo-shinjitsu-kyogyo shomonrui' and 'Gutoku-sho,' by Shinran, and 'Anjin Ketsujo Sho,' which is of unknown authorship.
- 『維摩経』には「その心浄きに随って、すなわち仏土浄し」といい、また『心地観経』には「心清浄なるが故に世界清浄なり、心雑穢(ぞうえ)なるが故に世界雑穢なり」とある。
- 'Yuimagyo' says 'following that spirit being pure, hence the land of Buddha is pure', and 'Shinjikan-gyo Sutra' also describes that 'Because the spirit is pure, the world becomes pure and because the spirit is impure, the world becomes impure.'
- これにより、最高に素晴らしい女性を「蓮女」といいその最高峰の象徴としてラクシュミ神(日本では吉祥天として知られるが、仏教では吉祥天、密教では吉祥天女)を崇拝した。
- As a result, the most fantastic woman was called 'Hasuonna,' and as the top symbol, Lakshmi (a consort of Vishnu in Hinduism) (this is known as Kisshoten (Laksmi) in Japan, but, it refers to Kisshoten (Laksmi) in Buddhism and to Kisshotennyo (Lakshmi) in Esoteric Buddhism) was worshiped.
- そして、延暦寺などの旧仏教系寺院が、このような秩序を保ちつつ国家権力と密着し、正統な宗教としてのあり方を固めた体制が中世を通じて見られたとするのが顕密体制論である。
- The theory continues that there existed the (kenmitsu) system during the medieval periods, whereby old Buddhism temples such as Enryaku-ji Temple established their status as authentic national religion by maintaining the above-mentioned competitive order and forging a bond of relationship with the ruling class in the nation.
- しかし、ここでは釈迦仏はいまだインドで誕生して菩提樹下で悟りを得た始成正覚(しじょうしょうがく)として、本仏が迹(あと)を垂れた、仮に現した姿を説いた法門にすぎない。
- However, they are still only preachings by Shaka as Shijo Shogaku, or one who was born in India and earned enlightenment below the Bodhi Tree, with Buddha in temporary appearance.
- すなわち『無量義経』一巻を開経とし、『妙法蓮華経』八巻二十八品を根幹部分とし、『仏説観普賢菩薩行法経』一巻を結経とする三部をもって、羅什訳の『法華三部経』は完結する。
- 'Hokke Sanbu-kyo' translated by Kumarajiva is composed of the three following parts; one volume of 'Muryo gikyo' (Sutra of Immeasurable Meanings) as the opening part of the sutra, twenty-eight chapters in eight volumes of 'Myoho-renge-kyo' (the Lotus Sutra) as the main sutra, and one volume of 'Bussetsu Kanfugen bosatsu Gyoho-kyo' (Sutra of Meditation on the Bodhisattva Universal Virtue) as the closing part.
- この物語の転輪聖王とは仏で、兵士たちは弟子、種々の手柄により与えられた宝とは爾前経(にぜんきょう=法華経以前の様々な教え)、髻中の明珠とは法華経であることを表している。
- This story indicated that Tenrinjoo was Buddha, soldiers were disciples, treasures given according to various feats were Nizenkyo (various teachings before Hoke-kyo Sutra) and a brilliant gem in the king's top-knot was Hoke-kyo Sutra.
- 速疾とは読んで字のごとく、すみやか・はやいということ、また頓は漸の対義語でこれもまた、たちまち・すみやかにということで、速疾頓成とは、すみやかに成仏することを意味する。
- 'Sokushitsu' literally means 'quick' or 'fast', and 'ton' is the antonym for 'Zan,' also meaning 'quickly' or 'immediately'; 'Sokushitsutonjo' means to become a Buddha quickly.
- 地蔵菩薩は弥勒菩薩がこの世に現れるまでの無仏の間、六道(地獄・餓鬼・畜生・修羅・人間・天)へ救いの手を差し伸べるとされ、各道に各地蔵が派遣されているという考えに基づく。
- Jizo Bosatsu is considered to relieve people of Rokudo (the six posthumous worlds of Jigoku-do (paths to hell), Gaki-do (path of hungry ghosts), Chikusho-do (path of animals), Shura-do (path of bellicose demons), Ningen-do (path of humans) and Ten-do (path of heavenly beings) during the period before Miroko Bosatsu (Buddha of the Future, Bodhisattva of the Present) appears in this world, and it is believed that each Jizo Bosatsu is dispatched to each world.
- なお、仏教経典には上記以外にもさまざまな菩薩が登場し、密教の曼荼羅にも多数の菩薩が登場するが、これらの中には、単独での造像や信仰がほとんど見られないものも多数存在する。
- Although various Bosatsu appear in the Buddhist scriptures and many Bosatsu are painted in the Mandalas, many of them were seldom constructed or made an object of worship as an individual statue.
- 前者は害悪をなす悪神であったので、これを祀るものは本来なかったが、仏教の伝来とともにインドに行われた夜叉・羅刹などの悪神を祀り、これを以って守護神とする風習が伝わった。
- There was originally no custom of enshrining the former because it was an evil deity having harmful influences, but along with the introduction of Buddhism, a custom of setting an evil deity as a guardian deity by enshrining evil deities such as yaksha (Buddhist guardian deities sometimes depicted as demonic warriors) and rakshasa (a type of evil spirit) in India was introduced.
- すなわち、極楽といい、それが西方十万億の仏土を過ぎて彼方にあるというが、衆生引接のためで、実は己心こそ浄土であり、阿弥陀仏とはいってもただ心に外ならないというのである。
- It is said to mean that Gokuraku exists in a billion Buddha-lands in the far west, but that is just a way to lead people, and actually the heart inside a person is the Jodo and Amida Buddha is the heart itself.
- これにより、「宿善開発(しゅくぜんかいほつ)」または「信心獲得(しんじんぎゃくとく)」という一種の悟りのような体験をして、阿弥陀仏の救済を確信するというものだったという。
- Through such extreme experiences, the participant attained some sort of enlightenment called 'Shikuzen kaihotsu' or 'Shinjin gyakutoku' and was convinced of salvation by Amida Buddha.
- 浄土真宗隠し念仏は、浄土真宗の開祖である親鸞(1173年-1263年)の長男である善鸞(1217年-1286年)が浄土真宗の東国布教に遣わされた際に現地で信じたと言われる。
- The kakushi nenbutsu derived from Jodo Shinshu is said to have been believed by Zenran (1217 - 1286), the eldest son of Jodo Shinshu founder Shinran (1173 - 1263), when he was sent to the eastern part of Japan for the missions of Jodo Shinshu.
- 自性院 (新宿区)(東京都新宿区)には節分のみ開帳される秘仏「猫地蔵尊」が本尊として祀られるが、これは太田道灌が猫の導きにより江古田・沼袋原の戦いに勝利した伝説に由来する。
- Jisho-in Temple (Shinjuku Ward, Tokyo), which enshrines neko jizoson (cat jizo (guardian deity of children)) as the honzon (principal image of Buddha) unveiled only at Setsubun (the traditional end of winter), has its origin in the legend of Dokan OTA, who won the Battle of Egota-Numabukurohara guided by a cat.
- ただし、勧進比丘尼の中には神仏習合の影響を受けて尼の形態をした巫女なども含まれており、また近世に入ると遊女的な行いをする者も存在したため、純粋な尼とは言えない者が多かった。
- There were, however, many nuns who didn't fit the original definition of kanjin bikuni; some of the kanjin bikuni were miko (shrine maidens) who looked like nuns due to the influence of shinbutsu shugo (syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism), and others in the early modern times were engaged in sexual activities.
- 久遠実成 (くおんじつじょう) とは、法華経の教えにおいて、釈迦は35歳で悟りを開いたのではなく永遠の過去から仏(悟りを開いた者)となって輪廻転生してきているという考え方。
- 'Kuon jitsujo' is the thought in the teachings of Hoke-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra) according to which Buddha was not enlightened at the age of thirty-five but was coming from the eternal past as Buddha (the enlightened one) by Rinne Tensho (the belief that all things are in flux through the endless circle of birth, death, and rebirth, or the circle of transmigration).
- なお、この記述が変成男子で成仏したか、女人身そのままの成仏か、あるいは竜を六道や十界の観点から天部に位置する竜神と見るか、それとも人間より劣る畜生と見るかなどの議論がある。
- In addition, there is controversy as to whether the description in the Lotus Sutra means Buddhahood after changing into a man or Buddhahood just as a woman who she is, and whether the dragon should be regarded as the dragon god classified in Tenbu (deities who resides in the heavenly realm, one of six realms in which the souls of living beings transmigrate from one to another), in terms of Rokudo (six realms of reincarnation) or Jikkai (ten spiritual realms), or as an animal inferior to human beings.
- 長勢の仏師としての事績はまず、康平7年(1064年)に広隆寺の日光・月光菩薩立像(重要文化財)、及び同寺の十二神将立像(国宝)を造立したことが挙げられる(『広隆寺来由記』)。
- According to 'Koryu-ji Raiyu-ki' (the book on the history of Koryu-ji Temple), his first achievement as busshi was the making of 'Nikko and Gakko Bosatsu Ritsuzo' (the standing statues of the Bodhisattva of Sunlight and the Bodhisattva of Moonlight, now designated as important cultural assets) and 'Junishinsho Ritsuzo' (the standing statues of Twelve Heavenly Generals, now designated as a national treasure), all of which were crafted in 1064 and were enshrined in Koryu-ji Temple.
- 釈迦仏の入滅後の末世において、悪比丘が横行し戒律を破り、「如来は無常なり」などという誤解を生じさせんがために、戒律の必要性を説き仏性の常住を説いたのが『涅槃経』であるという。
- In masse, the period after Sakya-muni Buddha's death, bad Biku (Buddhist priests) may become rampant, break religious precepts, and mislead people saying that 'Nyorai (Tathagata) is impermanent,' so to prevent it, 'Nehan-gyo' preaches the demand of the precepts and eternity of bussho.
- 阿弥陀仏は、みずからの名号を称える者を浄土に往生せしめると本願に誓い、衆生の積むべき往生行の功徳のすべてを代って完成し、これを名号(南無阿弥陀仏)に収めて衆生に回向している。
- Amida Buddha made the Original Vow to lead those who honor its own myogo (name of the Buddha) to the Pure Land, and completed all the merits for going to the heaven, which mankind must pursue, on their behalf, as included in the myogo (Namu amidabutsu) for eko (Buddhist thoughts of outgoing and returning) for mankind.
- なお、最澄は中国の天台宗とは趣を異にした日本独自の天台教学の確立を目標に、法華経を中心としつつ他の仏教の経典を包摂しようと試みた四宗兼学という立場から、円密一致を説いている。
- On a related note, Saicho taught Enmitsu icchi (Agreement of Tendai Integrate Teachings and Esoteric Teachings) from the standpoint of Shishu (also pronounced Yonshu) kengaku (learning the four sects) in an attempt to subsume Buddhist scriptures centering on the Lotus Sutra, and with the aim of establishing a Tendai doctrine unique to Japan and different from the Chinese Tendai sect.
- 「仏」を仏身とみる場合、具体的な仏の相好(そうごう)とか仏像とかとみる時と、仏の本質的な実相の理をあらわす法身(ほっしん)とみる時とでは、「念」の意味もおのずから変わってくる。
- When contemplating 'the Buddha' as Busshin (the body of the Buddha), such as looking at tangible images of the Buddha or Buddhist statues, or when meditating on the Buddha as Hosshin (dharma body or Buddhism's highest form of existence) appearing as an essential truth of reality, the meaning of 'Nen' naturally changes to the meaning of Butsu (Buddha).
- この時、高さ二丈の毘盧遮那仏、一丈六尺の薬師如来と一字金輪仏頂、その他梵天・帝釈天・四天王の、合わせて9体の巨像群を同年10月から12月末にかけてのわずか2ヶ月間で作り上げた。
- On this occasion, he crafted a group of gigantic statues - nine statues in all - in about two months (from November of the year to January of the next year); the statues were 'Birushanabutsu' (Birushana Buddha) of about 6.06 meter height, 'Yakushi Nyorai' (Healing Buddha) of about 4.85 meter height, 'Ichiji Kinrin Buccho' (the principal Buddha of the 'Court of the Perfected') of about 4.85 meter height, 'Bonten' (Brahma, a major Hindu deity thought to be responsible for creating the world), 'Taishakuten' (Commander of Four Heavenly Kings), and 'Shitenno' (Four Heavenly Kings).
- また、世俗的な次元からは貴族などが修行僧の持つ験力に現世利益を期待したことなども山岳仏教の発達を後押しすることになったほか、天皇家など朝廷の庇護もあり、急速に一般化の道を歩む。
- Additionally, from the standpoint of practical benefit, the development of Mountain Buddhism was promoted because the aristocracy expected the genriki (the effect) of the ascetic monk to bring spiritual (material) benefit in this world through the observance of Buddhist teachings, and it was also protected by the Imperial Court (including the Imperial Family), which led to a rapid generalization.
- 中世においては、橋や道路の修理・整備から官寺(鐘や仏像、写経をふくむ)の建設や修造など、本来は朝廷(国家)や国衙(地方行政機関)がおこなうべき公共事業も、勧進によってなされた。
- In the middle ages, kanjin was a source of funds for public works ranging from the construction and maintenance of bridges and roads to the building and repair of kanji (state-sponsored temples) (including temple bells, Buddhist statues and handwritten sutra), although the Chotei (Imperial Court) or kokuga (provincial government) should have done so.
- 日蓮宗・法華宗では、多宝如来は法華経の正しさを証明する仏として、釈迦如来に次いで重視されており、宝塔の両脇に釈迦如来と多宝如来を配した「一塔両尊」という安置形式をしばしば見る。
- In the Nichiren sect and Hokke sect, Taho Nyorai is valued second to Shaka Nyorai, as a Buddha who proves the truthfulness of Hoke-kyo Sutra, and the way of enshrinement called, 'itto ryoson' to place Shaka Nyorai and Taho Nyorai on both sides of a hoto is often seen.
- 1671年(寛文11年)幕府は宗門人別改帳の作成を義務付け、原則として特定の仏教寺院(不受不施派を除く檀那寺、藩によっては神社もあった)に属する寺請制度とともに宗門改が確立した。
- With the 1671 bakufu decree that made it mandatory to create Shumon-Ninbetsu-Aratame-Cho, the system of shumon aratame was completed together with the terauke seido, where Shogunal subjects were required to belong, in principle, to specific temples (family temples excluding the Fujufuse School, and sometimes shrines, depending on the domain).
- 意訳…わたしが仏になるとき、すべての人々が心から信じて、わたしの国 に生れたいと願い、わずか十回でも念仏して、もし生れることができないようなら、わたしは決してさとりを開きません。
- Free translation: Reading in Japanese: When I attain Buddhahood, if all the people who have faith, offer prayers to Amida Buddha even only 10 times and wish with their whole hearts to be reborn in my land cannot be reborn in my land, I shall never attain perfect enlightenment.
- そのように、臨終の相を重要視し、三世における善業・悪業が三証に出る総決算であると位置づけて、未来世に至る相を現すとし、死相のよい者は成仏し、よくない者は地獄に堕すなどと定めている。
- As described above, he placed emphasis on the state of rinju, which he considered the conclusion where one's good deeds and evil deeds across three lives manifest themselves in Sansho (Three Proofs), and he considered that this state leads one to the future life, and determined that those whose state at death is good will become a Buddha and those whose state at death is bad will go to Hell.
- 当初、幕府はキリスト像が刻まれた板を踏ませる踏絵や密告の奨励などを行うことによりキリシタンの取締りを実施し、キリシタンではないことを仏教寺院に請け負わせてその証明とした(寺請制度)。
- At first, the bakufu persecuted Christians by forcing them to step on a wood sheet containing a likeness of Jesus (this practice is called 'fumie') or by encouraging whistle-blowing to reveal Christians, and Buddhist temples were commissioned by the bakufu to prove that their parishioners were not Christians (this system is called 'terauke seido').
- また仏教では、新しく宗派を開く時に教相判釈(略して、教判)といい、釈迦の説法をその性質によって分類し、その中からどれが一番優れているかを選定し、自宗の教えの基礎とするかが常套である。
- When a new Buddhist sect is created, it usually evaluates various teachings of Buddha, classifies them according to their nature, chooses the teachings that are best suited to its needs, and adopts them as its doctrine.
- 世親は、「礼拝、讃歎、観察、作願、回向」と五念門を説き、往生浄土のための行の中、自ら修めた諸功徳をすべての衆生に回向して、ともに浄土に往生して仏となることを重要な項目としてあげている。
- Seshin preached Gonenmon (Five Practice-Gates of Mindfulness), which are 'raihai (pray), sandan (praise Buddha's virtues), kansatsu (observe), sagan (make a vow), and eko,' and cited going to the Pure Land to become Buddha together by having eko to all mankind with the various merits pursued as an important point.
- 六斎念仏には、踊念仏本来の姿をとどめた干菜寺(干菜山光福寺:京都市左京区田中上柳町)の系統のものと、芸能的な色彩の強い空也堂(紫雲山極楽院光勝寺:京都市中京区亀屋町)の系統のものがある。
- Rokusai Nenbutsu is divided into two styles: the Hoshina-ji Temple (Kofuku-ji Temple on Mt. Hoshina: Tanaka Kamiyanagi-cho, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City) style, which showcases the authentic form of traditional Odori Nenbutsu, and the Kuya-do Temple (Kosho-ji Temple Gokuraku-in on Mt. Shiun: Kameya-cho, Nakagyo Ward, Kyoto City) style, which is characterized by a strong influence in entertainment.
- これらの十種の利益(りやく)を得るのは、金剛の信心を獲得した者であり、そのためには真実行を行ずるだけで良く、それにより、阿弥陀仏から信心が廻向され、仏になることが定まると論じたのである。
- He concluded that only practicing 'shinjitsugyo' (recitation of nenbutsu) allowed sentient beings to attain the ten benefits which led to 'true faith', conferred by Amida Buddha, promising to become a Buddha.
- そのことにより人びとを仏道に導き入れ、作善をなさしめるのが元来の意であったが、のちには寄付を集める方法として興行を催し、観覧料の収入をもってこれに当てるという意味としても広く用いられた。
- Originally it meant to lead people to butsudo (Buddhist teachings) in order to do good deeds through donations, but in later years it generally meant to hold entertaining performances as a means of collecting donations and devoting the collected admission fees to kanjin.
- 金剛法・金剛利・金剛因・金剛語の各菩薩は単独では造像されることのまずないものだが、密教の金剛界曼荼羅では五仏(五智如来)の1つである阿弥陀如来の東・南・北・西に上記四菩薩が配されている。
- Although any one of the four Bosatsu, Kongoho, Kongori, Kongoin or Kongogo, is seldom constructed as an individual statue, these four are arranged at the East, South, North and West of the Amida Nyorai, drawn as one of the Gochi Nyorai (Five Buddha Statues representing Five Different Wisdom of Buddha), in the Diamond World Mandala of the Esoteric Buddhism.
- 伊藤真乗(いとう しんじょう、俗名:伊藤文明(いとう ふみあき)、明治39年(1906年)3月28日 - 平成元年(1989年)7月19日)は、日本の宗教家で、在家仏教教団・真如苑の開祖。
- Shinjo ITO (Fumiaki ITO, March 28, 1906 - July 19, 1989) was a religious leader who founded Shinnyoen, the lay Buddhist Organization.
- また、『維摩経』に書かれているように、維摩詰の方丈を訪れた文殊菩薩とその一行が、その狭い空間に全員収容できたという逸話から、仏教においては方丈に全宇宙が内在しているという考え方がされている。
- Additionally, as is seen in an anecdote written in 'Yuimagyo' (Vimalakirti Sutra), that when Monju Bosatsu (Manjusri) and his followers visited a hojo of Yuimakitsu (Vimalakirti), everyone could enter that small space, in Buddhism there is a way of thinking that the entire space is contained in a hojo.
- なお、伝統仏教の流れを汲みつつ新宗教の一つともいわれる真如苑では、霊能者から与えられた「ご霊言」をもって日常生活の態度や信心のあり方を瞑想思惟することを「有相接心(うそうせっしん)」という。
- In Shinjoen, which is said to be one of the new religions that branched out from the traditional Buddhism, doing meditation and manas regarding the behavior and belief of the everyday life based on the 'spiritual word' given by a medium is called 'Uso Sesshin.'
- また織田得能も、無著の説を引き継ぎ、自身が編集した織田仏教辞典で、大権修利と招宝七郎を一体とすることは、たやすく信じるべきではなく、招宝とは寧波府定海縣にある山の名称である、と記述している。
- Tokuno ODA carried on Mujaku's theory and described in Oda Buddhism dictionary, which was edited by himself, that people should not be too quick to believe that Daigen shuri and Shoho Shichiro were the same, and that Shoho was the name of the mountain in 定海縣, Ningbo.
- これらのことから、この教えでしか救われず、他の教えによれば罰あるいは仏罰が出る、などと煽り、自我功利的な教えを宣揚するのは、カルト集団における観念的脅迫でしかない、という反対論や批判もある。
- For these reasons, the agitations that people can be relieved only by a certain teaching and that the belief in other teachings causes punishment or Butsubachi, and enhancements of the self-expedient teaching are opposed and criticized as just ideological threats of cults.
- 善導は、阿弥陀仏の本願(四十八願第十八願)に「乃至十念若不生者不取正覚」とあるのを、「我が名字を称すること下十声に至るまでもし生れずは正覚を取らじ」と読み、称名往生を誓ったたものと解釈した。
- Zendo (Shan-dao) read '乃至十念若不生者不取正覚' in the Hongan (the eighteenth of the Forty-eight Vows) made by Amida as ' If, when I attain Buddhahood, the sentient beings of the ten quarters say my Name even ten times but do not attain birth, may I not attain the supreme enlightenment,' and interpreted it as the vow of Shomyo ojo (literally, people's birth in the Pure Land by the power of Shomyo).
- これらの思想は、現世における修行で仏になったのではなく、長い長い輪廻の間、気の遠くなるような修行(歴劫修行=りゃっこうしゅぎょう)の果てに、ようやく成仏ができるという思想を生み出す元と成った。
- This thought has caused to bring about a belief that Buddhahood may be attained not through practices in this mortal world, but only after completion of mind-boggling ryakko-shugyo (countless kalpas of practices to reach enlightenmment in Buddhism) through the long long circle of transmigration.
- 阿闍梨付嘱物とは、金剛智-不空金剛-恵果と伝えられてきた仏舎利、刻白檀仏菩薩金剛尊像(高野山に現存)など8点、恵果和尚から与えられた健陀穀糸袈裟(東寺に現存)や供養具など5点の計13点である。
- Ajari fushokubutsu consisted of the following 13 items: eight items, which included the Buddha's ashes said to have been handed down from Kongochi to Fuku Kongo and to Keika, and a noble image of Kongo-bosatsu sculpted in byakudan wood (now located in Mt. Koya), and five items, including the Kendagokushi kesa (a Buddhist stole) (now located in To-ji Temple) and Kuyogu (tools for memorial service) given by Keika.
- 「大師堂」と称する仏堂には、真言宗の開祖である空海(弘法大師)(774年 - 835年)を祀るものが多いが、円珍(智証大師)、良源(慈恵大師、元三大師)を祀る堂で「大師堂」と称するものもある。
- Although most Buddhist halls called 'Daishi-do' enshrine Kukai (Kobo Daishi) (774 - 835) who was the founder of the Shingon sect, there are some halls called 'Daishido' which enshrine Enchin (Chisho Daishi) and Ryogen (Gensan Daishi, Jikei Daishi).
- 『無量寿経仏説無量寿経』には、すべての人が悲しみ苦しみにあえいでいる姿をつぶさに観察した法蔵菩薩(阿弥陀仏の修行時代の名前)は、この人たちすべてが仏となって幸せになってもらいたいと誓いを立てた。
- In the 'Immeasurable Life Buddhist Sutra and Teachings,' Bodhisattva Dharmakara (the name of Amitabha during his ascetic period) observed that all people appeared to be visited by adversity and distress and, took a vow that he would try to have all become like Buddha to make people happy.
- もっとも無量寿経仏説無量寿経では五逆(父か母か僧の殺害、仏の身体への傷害、教団内の対立惹起、のいずれか)の罪を犯した者と正法を謗る者は四十八願第十八願による救済の対象から除かれることが明記されている。
- However, in Muryoju-kyo Bussetu Muryoju-kyo Sutra there is a description that a person who commits gogyaku (the five heinous deeds, a murder of father, mother, or priest, to hurt the body of Buddha, or to bring a conflict in the religious group) and a person who libels the True Dharma are excepted from the relief of the eighteenth vow among forty-eight vows.
- 「読誦(どくじゅ)」「観察(かんざつ)」「礼拝(らいはい)」「賛嘆供養(さんだんくよう)」は、助行であるという教義であるため、仏像・絵像だけに限定される必要がなく、名号本尊を用いることは教義に合致する。
- Because doctrine decides 'Dokuju' (chanting sutras), 'Kanzatsu' (meditation), 'Raihai' (reverence) and 'Sandan Kuyo' (holding ceremonies) as Jogyo (sub-practices), there is no necessity for them to be limited to statues and pictures, so the use of Myogo Honzon does match the doctrine.
- この説話の大雲とは仏で、雨とは教え、小草とは人間や天上の神々、中草とは声聞・縁覚の二乗、上草とは二乗の教えを通過した菩薩、小樹とは大乗の教えを理解した菩薩、大樹とは大乗の教えの奥義を理解した菩薩である。
- In this story, huge cloud was Buddha, the rain was teachings, short grass was human beings and heavenly gods, middle grass was Nijo (two vehicles) of Shomon and Engaku, high grass was Bosatsu who has gone through the Nijo teachings, short tree was Bosatsu who had understood the Daijo (Mahayana Buddhism) teachings and tall tree was Bosatsu who had understood the esoteric point of Daijo teachings.
- それに加えて、遣唐使の廃止によって国風文化が台頭するようになると、貴族社会を中心に仏教崇敬の風潮が強まって大学寮の教官や学生の間でも授業を離れれば、密教や新興の浄土教などに深い関心を寄せるようになった。
- In addition to this, when Kokufu Bunka (Japan's original national culture) became popular with the abolition of Kento-shi (Japanese envoy to the Tang Dynasty), a trend to worship Buddhism began to spread mainly in the aristocratic society, strongly interesting the teachers and the students of Daigakuryo to Esoteric Buddhism and the Jodo (Pure Land) sect, a sect which was emerging at the time, once they were away from their classes.
- そのため、(信心を得た後で)人間が称える「南無阿弥陀仏」という称名念仏は、その功徳により浄土へ往生しようとするためのものではなく、既に浄土へ行くことが決まっていることへの感謝の称名であると言うのである。
- From this point of view, he interpreted that (after accepting faith), the recitation of nenbutsu (the name of Amida Buddha), 'namuamidabutsu (literally, I take my refuge in Amida Buddha)' is not the invocation uttered in the hope of rebirth into the Pure Land by the salvific power of Amida Buddha, but in gratitude for ensuring birth in the Pure Land.
- 天台宗では最澄の弟子が徳一の主張を最澄がことごとく論破したとして論争を打ち切ったとされる(ただし、華厳宗もこの論争に加わり、涅槃経の闡提成仏の義を根拠に法相宗の五性各別を否定し、最終的に一乗成仏を認めている)。
- In the Tendai sect, it is said that a disciple of Saicho cut off the argument claiming that Saicho outdebated Tokuitsu's theory (it is to note that the Kegon sect joined the controversy and denied the goshokakubetsu based on the doctrine of Sendaijobutsu in the Nehan-gyo Sutra [The Sutra of The Great Nirvana], and agreed to the Ichijo-jobutsu).
- ただし、これは冒頭に述べたとおり“仏罰”は仏教全体の解釈や用語ではなく、一部の法華系宗派、あるいは新宗教教団の信徒によって広められた用語や解釈であり、これらの用語は正しいものではないと否定する宗派も少なくない。
- However, this term and interpretation of 'Butsubachi' is not common in Buddhism as a whole as mentioned at the beginning, which was spread only by part of the schools belonging to the Hokke Sect line or believers of new religious groups, so quite a few sects deny these terms as false.
- この寒修行満願の日(2月3日)前後に関して文明は、仕事をやめて宗教の道に入る不安が夫婦ともにあり、片一方が仏道を提唱すると片一方は反対し、また逆になったりして、仏と人間との斗(たたか)いであったと回想している。
- He looked back on the days around the completion day of the vow (February 3) in kanshugyo (ascetic practices in cold weather), saying that the coupled feeling uncertainty of devoting themselves to the field of religion were as if they had fought between Buddha and a man; one proposed to get devoted to the religion while the other opposed to it and vice versa.
- 24歳で儒教・道教・仏教の比較思想論でもある『聾瞽指帰(ろうごしいき)』を著して俗世の教えが真実でないことを示した(「聾瞽指帰」は、後に序文と巻末の十韻詩を改定、『三教指帰』(さんごうしいき)と改題されている)。
- At the age of 24, he wrote 'Rogoshiki,' where the thought of Confucianism, that of Taoism, and that of Buddhism were comparatively discussed, showing that what was taught popularly was not true (the title of 'Rogoshiki' was later changed into 'Sango shiiki,' with the ten rhyme-based poems in the preface and at the end of the book revised).
- これらは、寺院創建当初の古代にあって本尊仏を祀った建物を「金堂」とし、時代の変遷のなかで信仰対象の中心がかわり、のちに当該寺院の中心的な施設となった建物を「本堂」と称して、両者を使い分けるようになったものである。
- These temples use 'Kondo' for the building in which the main object of worship was enshrined when it was founded in the ancient times, but they use 'Hondo' for the building that later became the main building of the temple due to the change in the object of worship over time.
- したがって涅槃経の仏性常住(円教)は、法華経の命である円教を重ねて説いただけであるから、涅槃経は前三経(法華経以前に説かれた蔵・通・別の教え、つまり華厳・阿含・報道・般若の各経説)と同じで、それだけが得る部分である。
- Therefore, bussho josho (one of the Buddhist teaching about the status of reaching the Nirvana and its eternity) (en teaching) is just a repetition of en teaching that is the life of Hoke-kyo Sutra, so Nehan-gyo Sutra is the same as the former three Sutra (zo, tsu, betsu teachings that were preached before Hoke-kyo Sutra, that is, Kegon-kyo Sutra, Agon-kyo Sutra, Hodo-kyo Sutra, Hannya-kyo Sutra, and only that is what you should learn.
- 『法華玄義』序には「妙者褒美不可思議之法也」、『維摩経』仏国品では「以斯妙法済群生」、また『法華経』方便品に「我法妙難思」、『涅槃経』名字功徳品「所説の種々の妙法、秘密深奥蔵門、悉くみなこの大般涅槃に入る」などとある。
- 'Hokke gengi' (subtle and profound essentials of the Lotus Sutra) mentions in its introduction that Myosha (skilled men) are rewarded with mysterious dharma; 'Yuimagyo' (Vimalakirti Sutra) mentions in its Bukkokuhon that public people may be rescued by this Myoho (supreme dharma); 'Hokekyo' mentions in its Hobenhon that Homyo (supreme dharma) is difficult to understand; 'Nehangyo' (the Nirvana Sutra) mentions in its Myoji-kudokuhon that any Myoho dharma of various theories, as well as any secrecy kept deep in warehouses, are all destined to enter the Great Nirvana.
- 仏教の悟りは般若を体としており、凡夫(ぼんぶ)が煩悩(ぼんのう)に左右されて迷いの生存を繰り返し、輪廻(りんね)を続けているのは、それは何事にも分別(ふんべつ)の心をもってし、分析的に納得しようとする結果であるとする。
- The Satori concept in Buddhism encapsulates the unenlightened (Sanskrit: prthag-jana) being captive to a bewildering cycle of worldly desires and eventually developing a sense of the meaningless in relation to this endless treadmill of birth and rebirth.
- 落慶法要では、本尊である仏像(または曼荼羅など)を安置し、本尊に魂を入れる儀式として開眼法要を行い、その工事の完成を祝い仏や宗祖、またはその寺院に機縁する祖先などに表白(ひょうびゃく)し、慶賀讃嘆するのが常となっている。
- In Rakkei hoyo, the Buddha statue as the honzon (principal image of Buddha) (or Mandala (a diagram that depicts Buddhist deities according to certain geometric formats and illustrates the Buddhist world view) and so on) is enshrined, and Kaigen hoyo (Eye-opening ceremony) is held as a ceremony to put the spirit into the honzon in order to celebrate the completion of the work, or to pray to and congratulate the Buddha, the founder of the religious sect or the ancestors related to the temple as it stands.
- その四十八願の第18番目の願いに、「私を信じて、私の作った仏国土(極楽浄土)に生まれたいと思って、私の名前を呼んだものは、すべての人を私の国土に生まれさせて、私の指導によって、ゆるぎない幸せな『仏陀』にさせよう」とある。
- In the eighteenth vow of the forty-eight vows, the following is written: 'I will let those be born in Buddha-Land and become happy 'Buddha' under my guidance if they believe me and chant my name, wishing to be born in Buddha-Land (gokuraku jodo: the Pure Land).'
- 浄土宗の宗祖である法然などは『選択本願念仏集』(せんちゃくしゅう)において、浄土三部経以外を雑修・雑行であるから「捨てよ、閉じよ、閣(さしお)け抛(なげう)て」(捨閉閣抛、しゃへいかくほう)と言って法華経を誹謗している。
- In his 'Senchaku Hongan Nenbutsushu' (Selection of Genuine Nenbutsu), Honen, the founding father of the Jodoshu Buddhism, even denounces sutras other than the Three Sutras of Pure Land, urging his disciples to throw away, close, ignore and discard unnecessary sutras, thereby denigrating the Lotus Sutra as well.
- なお、八幡市八幡高坊にある八角堂は現在正法寺の境外仏堂となっているが、八角堂は建保年間(1213年~1219年)石清水八幡宮の社家善法寺祐清が石清水八幡宮の境内に建立したもので、神仏分離に伴い現在地に移されたものである。
- The Hakkakudo (octagon hall) located at Yawata-takabo, Yawata City, is currently a hall outside the grounds of Shobo-ji Temple, but it was originally built between 1213 and 1219 in the grounds of Iwashimizu Hachiman-gu Shrine on the order of Zenpoji Yusei, who was a member of the shake (a family of Shinto priests serving a shrine on a hereditary basis) of the Iwashimizu Hachiman-gu Shrine, before being shifted to the present place following the separation of Buddhism and Shintoism.
- また、特に昭和20年の太平洋戦争敗戦後男女平等を謳う日本国憲法が発布され進駐軍の意向で儒教的な男尊女卑の考えが否定されると男子に成ることで成仏できるのではなく、成仏したことを男子の姿で表したといったように解釈が変更された。
- Especially after Japan's defeat in the Pacific War in 1945, the Constitution of Japan, in which gender equality is declared, was promulgated and predominance of men over women based on Confucianism was denied according to the indication of the occupying forces, which resulted in the interpretation of Henjo Nanshi being shifted from one, which is that a woman can become a Buddha by changing into a man, to another, which is that a woman demonstrates her Buddhahood by her male appearance.
- この本仏は紀元前のユーラシア大陸のインドに生まれて肉体を持ち八十年生きたと言うゴータマ・シッダルタ(釈迦)とは論者により必ずしも同体ではないが、ユーラシア大陸に生まれたゴータマ・シッダルタ(釈迦)の精神とも言える存在である。
- This Honbutsu is not necessarily recognized as identical with Gotama Siddhattha (Shaka), who was born in India of Eurasia continent before Christ and lived in flesh and blood for eighty years, but it may be considered as the spirit of Gotama Siddhattha himself.
- 元来、日本の大学寮は唐の国子監をモデルとした制度であったが、国子監の運営の中心にあたっていた儒学者は『孝経』などを引用して僧侶は親から貰った頭髪を剃り、親を捨てて寺院に籠るのは「孝」に反するとして、強い排仏意識を有していた。
- Originally, Daigakuryo in Japan was a system that was modeled after the Kokushikan (an educational system in China) of the Tang Dynasty, but the Confucian scholars, who were the main managers of Kokushikan, were strongly anti-Buddhist because shaving the hair which were given from the parents and secluding oneself in a temple, and leaving ones parents was against the principle of 'ko' (serving well to one's parents), quoted in 'Kokyo' (The book of filial piety).
- 奈良時代に建てられた當麻寺(奈良県葛城市)でも創建当初の本尊仏である弥勒菩薩を安置する仏堂を「金堂」(国宝)と称するのに対し、院政期文化の永暦2年(1161年)に建造された、当麻曼荼羅のある曼荼羅を「本堂」(国宝)と呼称する。
- At Taima-dera Temple, which was constructed in the Nara period, the Buddha hall that enshrines the statue of Miroku Bosatsu, the main object of worship, is called 'Kondo' (a national treasure) while the Mandala hall in which the Taima Mandala is enshrined, having been constructed in 1161 during the period of cloister government, is called 'Hondo' (a national treasure).
- 翌昭和10年に仏師の大家である仲丸奥堂師より運慶一刀三礼(いっとう・さんらい)の作で北条時政公の御持仏と口伝され、平常眼(へいじょうがん)という非常に珍しい大日大聖不動明王(だいにちだいしょう・ふどうみょうおう)像を勧請した。
- In the next year, he was asked by Nakamaru okunodoshi, a sculptor master of Buddhist statues, to call up and infuse the spirit of the statue of Dainichi Daisho Fudo Myoo, a very precious statue with heijogan (literally, normal eyes) --gojibutsu of Tokimasa HOJO believed to be made by Unkei Itto-Sanrai (to worship three times with every stroke on sculpturing statues) and believed to be gojibutsu of Tokimasa HOJO.
- 「一つには冥衆護持の益、二つには至徳具足の益、三つには転悪成善の益、四つには諸仏護念の益、五つには諸仏称讃の益、六つには心光常護の益、七つには心多歓喜の益、八つには知恩報徳の益、九つには常行大悲の益、十には正定聚に入る益なり。」
- They are as follows; the first benefit of being protected by unseen divinities, the second one of attaining the utmost virtue, the third one of transforming all one's evils into good, the fourth one of being protected by all Buddhas, the fifth one of being praised by all Buddhas, the sixth one of being constantly protected by Amida's spiritual light, the seventh one of having much joy in mind, the eighth one of acknowledging Amida's benevolence and responding in gratitude to his virtue, the ninth one of constant practicing great compassion, and the last one of entering 'shojoju' (those guaranteed to be born in the Pure Land).
- また方便として隔歴(かくれき)あるいは歴劫(りゃっこう)修行を説いて戒律などを守るように扶け、(『法華経』で既に説いた)仏性の常住不滅を聞いても、自分は仏と同じであるという邪見に堕ちないようにした教えが『涅槃経』である、という。
- Also, 'Nehan-gyo' is the teaching to prevent people from being trapped by a wrong idea that he/she is the same as Buddha when he/she listens to eternity of bussho (which is already taught in 'Hoke-kyo Sutra' (the Lotus Sutra)) by preaching kakureki or ryakko (a lapse of kalpa) practices to help people adhere to precepts as a means.
- すなわち臨終の場面では、病人に罪相(苦しみの相)と前境(法悦の相)が交替して現われるが、看病人はそれを病人に問いただして記録し、病人が前境の状態のまま死を迎えることができるよう、ともに念仏を唱えて助けなければならないと論じている。
- More specifically, the book argues that, although Zaiso (the state of agony) and Zenkyo (the state of religious exultation) appear in the sick person in turn in the stage of rinju, the person who attends the sick person must inquire about the states to him or her to record the answers and must chant nenbutsu (Buddhist invocation) together to help him or her to be able to die in the state of Zenkyo.
- 一念三千が仏法の極理、とまでされるになったのは、智顗から数えて六祖(竜樹から数えると九祖)である妙楽大師・湛然が、「止観輔行伝弘決5」で一念三千が智顗の「終窮・究竟の極説」と配釈し、これを指南とするように説いたことがその始とされる。
- It is thought that the reason why ichinen sanzen came to be regarded as the ultimate principle is because Tannen the Myoraku Daishi, who was the sixth generation from Chigi (ninth from Ryuju), interpreted that ichinen sanzen was Chigi's 'final and ultimate theory'in 'Shikan Bugyoden Guketsu Vol. Five' and preached people to follow it.
- しかし明治維新後儒教的な家父長制が旧武士階層のみならず一般の農商家にも拡大されると文字通り「女人は成仏できない」という儒教的家父長制による女性蔑視の正当性を証明する根拠として法華系諸宗派を初めとする日本仏教全体で扱われるようになった。
- After the Meiji Restoration, however, patriarchy based on Confucianism was expanded not only to the former samurai (warrior) class, but also to farm and merchant families at large, and the idea of Henjo Nanshi came to be dealt with, throughout the world of Japanese Buddhism including various schools of the Hokke Sect, as a basis to justify misogyny based on Confucian patriarchy, and a slogan that says 'women cannot become any Buddha' in literal terms.
- また怨敵を降伏させ、諸々の異論を制御せんとする時、浄室において道場を安置し、身を沐浴し、鮮潔の衣をまとい、草座の上にうずくまり、仏舎利尊像がある前、または舎利制底ある所にて、焼香・散華・飯食供養し、白月八日布灑星合する時に請召するとある。
- It also shows that Kenrojishin prepares dojo (place of Buddhist practice or meditation) in the pure place, takes bath, wears the clean clothing, crouches on soza (a seat made of grass), holds the service for shoko (incense offering), sange and meals in front of busshari sonzo (the statue put Buddha's ashes) or in the place with shari seitei, and 請召 in 白月八日布灑星, in beating a bitter enemy and controlling various objections.
- たとえば、釈迦仏の出家前に馬丁を務め、後に仏弟子となった車匿は悪口(あっく)車匿といわれるほど、釈迦仏や他の弟子を悩ませたため、釈迦仏は滅度する前に、車匿にはブラフマダンタ(黙擯=彼と一切話しない)をもって接すよう阿難に命じたことがある。
- For example, Shanoku, who had taken care of the horse of Shakyamuni buddha before his entering into priesthood and became a disciple of Buddha, annoyed Shakyamuni buddha and other disciples so much as being called evil Shanoku, so that Shakyamuni buddha ordered Ananda to treat Shanoku with burafumadanda (ブラフマダンタ, Mokuhin, that is, not to talk with him).
- なお、梵本の法華経を日本語に訳した岩本裕によると、他の仏典にもラクシャシー(羅刹女)、あるいはヤクシニー(夜叉女)としてランバーなどの名も散見されると報告しており、(ランダムに列挙されたのみで)文化史的には特別な意義あるものではないという。
- According to Yutaka Iwamoto who translated Sanskrit texts of Hokekyo into Japanese, Lamba appears as Rakusasi or Yaksni in other Buddhist scriptures, indicating that the names of Jurasetsunyo are only listed at random and thus they are not significant in the cultural history.
- 回向(廻向、えこう、pariNaama、〈sanskrit〉)、「パリナーマ」とは「転回する」「変化する」「進む」などの意、その漢訳である「回向」は、「回」は回転(えてん)、「向」は趣向(しゅこう)の意で、大乗仏教の特徴をなす考え方である。
- 'Eko' (回向, also written as 廻向) or pariNaama (sanskrit) means to 'turn,' 'change' or 'proceed,' and '回向' as its translation with Chinese characters shows the meaning of rotation in '回' and device in '向', which is a thought that Mahayana Buddhism features.
- 勧学会(かんがくえ)とは、平安時代中期・後期に大学寮紀伝道の学生(文章生)と比叡山延暦寺の僧侶が、3月15日 (旧暦)あるいは9月15日 (旧暦)に比叡山西麓あるいは平安京内外の寺院に集まって『法華経』をテーマとして講義・念仏・漢詩を行った法会。
- Kangakue was a Buddhist meeting held to conduct teaching, nenbutsu (Buddhist invocation), and create Chinese-style poems themed after 'Hokekyo' (Lotus Sutra), and was held by the scholars of Kidendo (the study of the histories) in Daigakuryo (Bureau of Education) and the priests of Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei, on March 15 (in old lunar calendar) or September 15 (in old lunar calendar) at the western foot of Mt. Hiei or at the temples in and around Heian-kyo (ancient Kyoto), in the mid through latter period of the Heian period.
- 『渓嵐拾葉集』第39「常行堂摩多羅神の事」では、天台宗の円仁が中国(唐)で五台山の引声念仏を相伝し、帰国する際に船中で虚空から摩多羅神の声が聞こえて感得、比叡山に常行堂を建立して常行堂へ勧請し、常行三昧を始修して阿弥陀信仰を始めたと記されている。
- In the section 39, 'the story of Matarashin in Jogyo-do Hall' of the 'Keiran shuyo shu' (a collection of oral transmissions in the Japanese Tendai Sect which contains four stories about Myoe), there is a description that Ennin, a priest of the Tendai Sect, learned Inzei Nenbutsu (Chanting of the Buddhist invocation with a prolonged voice) of the Mt. Wutai Shan in China (Tang), was inspired upon hearing Matarashin's voice from the air on a ship to go back to Japan, built the Jyogyo-do Hall on Mt. Hiei, performed kanjo (ceremonial transfer of a divided tutelary deity to a new location) and Jogyo-zanmai (absorption in walking around Amitabha, invocating his name and nenbutsu), and began believing in Amitabha.
- 阿闍世という名の太子が、悪友の提婆達多にそそのかされて、父の頻婆娑羅王を幽閉し餓死させようとした「王舎城の悲劇」を導入部として、王の后である韋提希夫人の願いにより釈迦が、極楽世界や阿弥陀仏、観音菩薩・勢至菩薩の二菩薩を観想する13の観法を説かれる。
- Buddha (Gotama Siddhattha), owing to the request from Vaidehi, the wife of Bimbisara, preached 13 sermons by meditating on Amida Buddha, the Land of Utmost Bliss, and the bodhisattvas Kannon and Seishi Bosatsu with the introductory part describing 'Oshajo no higeki' (Tragedy in Osahjo), in which a prince called Ajase (a king of Magadha, in India, during the time of Shakyamuni Buddha) was tempted by his bad companion Devadatta to have his own father Bimbisara confined and starved to death.
- しかし釈尊滅後、やや時代が下ると、法華経などのような一部の経典において、たとえば如来寿量品第十六には、「我実に成仏してより已来、無量無辺百千万億那由陀劫なり」などと書かれ、釈尊は、生まれる前にすでに仏であり長い間、法を説いていたという思想が生まれた。
- However, somewhat later during the period after Shakyamuni's death, there came to the world a thought that Shakyamuni had already been a Buddha preaching dharma for a long time before he was born into this mortal world, as written in some Buddhist sutra like Hokke-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra), which mentions in its Chapter 16 (the Life Span of the Tathagata), for example, 'it has been immeasurable, boundless hundreds, thousands, ten thousands, millions of nayutas of kalpas since I in fact attained Buddhahood.'
- この言葉で表現されるように、親鸞は、それまでの浄土教義とは異なり、信心は阿弥陀仏から人間に与えられるものであり、その信心を受容することで、浄土に往生でき、現在・現時点で仏となることが決定している(一念発起住正定聚、平生業成、即得往生住不退転)とした。
- As this term indicated, Shinran explained that, unlike the creed of pure land teachings until then, he made faith, conferred upon the individual by Amida Buddha, the sole precondition for attainment of birth in the Pure Land and for guarantee to become a Buddha at this moment and in this world (Ichinenhokki jushojoju, Heizei-gogyo, and Sokutokuojo jufutaiten: all these verses expound Shinran's concept of 'Genseishojoju').
- 法華経では、遥か昔の大通智勝仏が出世された時、仏法を信じられず信心を止めようと思った人々が、再び釈迦仏の時代に生まれて仏に見(まみ)え、四十余年の間、様々な教えを説いて仮の悟りを示し理解して、また修行により真の宝である一乗の教えに到達させることを表している。
- Hoke-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra) indicated that people who had not been able to believe Buddhism and had intended to stop believing when Daitsuchi-sho-butu had been born a long time ago, had been reborn in the era of Sakya-muni Buddha, who for 40-odd years had expounded his various teachings showing tentative enlightenment to make them understand the teachings and train themselves and had lead them to the real treasure, Ichijo teachings.
- しかし、仏教学においては法華経無内容説という学説的な主張に加え、また法華経が「三乗を会して一乗に帰す」という目標を示してはいるものの、三乗の差別ある者たちがどうやって一乗の教えに平等に帰すことができるのか明らかに説かれておらず、その根拠に乏しいという指摘もある。
- However, in Buddhist Studies, it is pointed out that there is not much of a basis behind the esan kiitsu because although the Lotus Sutra set a goal of 'learning ichijo through understanding sanjo,' it is not clearly explained how these different people can be treated equally in accordance with the preaching of ichijo, in addition to the fact that there is an academic theory that the Lotus Sutra has no content.
- 仏教宗派における罰の概念は様々であるため、そのすべてを網羅して説明するのは難しいが、あえてその理由を挙げると、釈迦仏をはじめとする仏如来は「一切衆生は皆我が子なり」と言われるように、そのような大いなる慈悲心を持つ仏が罰を与えることはない、というのが一般的な解釈である。
- Since there are various ideas of punishment in the Buddhist sects, it is difficult to explain the reason considering all ideas, but if we try to think of the reason, it is a general interpretation that the Buddha who has such a great capacity for mercy as Buddha and Nyorai including Shakyamuni buddha are said to proclaim that 'all living things are my children,' so those who are plenteous in mercy will not give punishment.
- ところが、長暦2年(1038年)、天台座主に園城寺明尊が任ぜられたことから勃発した「山相論」において、頼通から延暦寺大衆 (仏教)の説得を期待された良円は説得に失敗したのみならず、翌年には彼らに擁されて頼通の高倉殿に大衆3千人と強訴する事件を引き起こして罪に問われる。
- Yet in 1038, once Myoson of Onjo-ji Temple became the Tendai-zasu (the highest post of Tendai sect), the 'sansoron' (the mountain debate) broke out; Ryoen, who was expected by Yorimichi to persuade the priests residing in Enryaku-ji Temple, was defeated in the debate, and what's worse, the following year he was blamed for gathering the clergy around him and inciting a crowd of 3000 priests to march on Yorimichi's Takakura palace and stage a goso (forceful protest).
- 悟りは固定した状態ではなく、悟りの行は、自利と利他の両面を願って行動し続けることであり、自らの悟りに安住することなく、悟りを求める人々に実践を指導するために活動し続けた釈迦の姿が想定されており、活動していくことに悟りの意味を求めているのが、大乗仏教の菩薩の特徴である。
- Mahayana Sutra Bosatsu has the following characteristics: enlightenment is not a fixed state and enlightenment practice means the continuation of action, wishing both self-interest and altruism; Mahayana Sutra thinks of Shaka, who was not satisfied with staying in his enlightenment but continued to lead practices for those who sought enlightenment; Mahayana Sutra is the meaning of enlightenment in action.
- 『平家物語』にも昔関白藤原師通が延暦寺の大衆 (仏教)を攻撃したために日吉大社の神罰を受けて死亡したという説話を載せている(神仏習合が定着しつつあった当時は、延暦寺と麓の日吉大社は一体のものとしてとらえられ、僧侶を攻撃した仏罰が日吉大社の神罰の形式で下されたと解された)。
- In 'Heike Monogatari' (The tale of the Heike), there is a tale that FUJIWARA no Moromichi, chief adviser to the Emperor, died of punishment from the God of the Hiyoshi-taisha Shrine because he had attacked Daishu (The monks residing in the zendo) of the Enryaku-ji Temple in ancient times (in those days when syncretism of Shinto and Buddhism was being established, the Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt.Hiei and the Hiyoshi-taisha Shrine on its foot were regarded as the same entity and the Butsubachi caused by his attack against priests was given in the form of punishment from the god of the Hiyoshi-taisha Shrine).
- 空海は、こうした現状を打破しようと、天長5年付で「綜芸種智院式并序」(『性霊集』巻十)を著して、全学生・教員への給食制を完備した身分貧富に関わりなく学ぶことのできる教育施設、俗人も僧侶も儒教・仏教・道教などあらゆる思想・学芸を総合的に学ぶことのできる教育施設の設立を提唱した。
- Kukai, who tried to move beyond this status quo, wrote 'Shugei Shuchiin School Shiki narabinijo' ('Shoryoshu' (Collected Works of Prose and Poetry of Kukai) with ten volumes) in 828, proposing the establishment of an educational facility that would fully provide school lunches to all students and teachers; where all people could learn whatever their social status, rich and poor alike; and where both secular people and priests could comprehensively learn all manner of thought and liberal arts, such as Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and so on.
- チベット訳からサンスクリットタイトルを還梵すると、Mahāvairocanābhisaṃbodhivikurvitādhiṣṭhānavaipulyasūtrendrarāja nāma dharmaparyāya(『大毘盧遮那成仏神変加持方等経の帝釈天と名付くる法門』)となる。
- The Sanskrit title in Tibetan retranslated into Sanskrit is: Mahāvairocanābhisaṃbodhivikurvitādhiṣṭhānavaipulyasūtrendrarāja nāma dharmaparyāya ('the teachings of Buddhism named as Taishakuten of Daibirushana Jobutsu Jinbenkaji Hoto-kyo Sutra, Vaipulya Sutra').
- 上記のような四箇格言の解釈を捨てて、念仏や真言、禅などの宗派に対してこれまで厳しく破折してきたのを一転、それぞれの宗派を認めて極めて肯定的な見方を行っている(ただし、これは政治的なポーズであるという指摘もまたあり、創価学会を破門した日蓮正宗も、宗祖日蓮大聖人に背くものだと批判している)。
- Accordingly, Soka Gakkai has abandoned its past interpretation of the Four Criticisms and adopted a positive attitude toward other Buddhist sects instead of directing severe criticism against Nenbutsu, Shingon, Zen and other schools of Buddhism (however, some critics point out that this is merely a political posture and the Nichiren orthodox Buddhism also criticizes Soka Gakkai for its betrayal against Nichiren).
- 在家の仏壇には上述のもののみであるが、法華宗寺院の須弥壇では二世尊のほか、上行菩薩(じょうぎょうぼさつ)、無辺行菩薩(むへんぎょうぼさつ)、浄行菩薩(じょうぎょうぼさつ)、安立行菩薩(あんりゅうぎょうぼさつ)という法華宗の四菩薩日蓮宗・法華宗における四菩薩(ほんげしだいぼさつ)などが加わる。
- Although only the elements described above are placed in Buddhist alters of lay believers, Jogyo Bosatsu (Superior Practice Bodhisattva), Muhengyo Bosatsu (Limitless Practice Bodhisattva), Jogyo Bosatsu (Pure Practice Bodhisattva), and Anryugyo Bosatsu, which are Hongeshidaibosatsu (four Bosatsu (Bodhisattva) enlightened by True Buddha) of Hokke sect are additionally placed on shumidan (An altar made of fine timber, generally with panelling, hame) in Hokke sect temples.
- さらに、親鸞は自らを深く内省することによって、阿弥陀仏が誓願を起こして仏と成ったと『仏説無量寿経』で説かれていることは、「親鸞一人のためであった」と、阿弥陀仏の本願力を自己のもの、つまり我々一人一人のためであったと受け止め、称名念仏は、行 (仏教)ではなく、その報恩謝徳のためであると勧め教化した。
- Moreover, Shinran (founder of the Jodo Shinshu sect) following a conscious effort at deep introspection elucidated a view that, Amitabha took an oath to build Buddhism as preached in the 'Immeasurable Life Buddhist Teachings' which, 'were written as if just for Shinran' and which, for all intents and purposes are read as if applying to each and everyone of us, and are not just Buddhist chants for intoning but a means to express gratitude for Buddha his teachers and dharma.
- 一般に「廃仏毀釈」と言えば、日本において明治維新後に成立した新政府が慶応4年3月13日 (旧暦)(1868年4月5日)に発した太政官布告「神仏分離令」、明治3年1月3日 (旧暦)(1870年2月3日)に出された詔書「大教宣布」など神道国教・祭政一致の政策によって引き起こされた仏教施設の破壊などを指す。
- In general, 'Haibutsu-kishaku' means the destruction of Buddhist facilities caused by the policies of Shinto kokkyo (establishing Shinto as a state religion) and Saisei icchi (uniting Shinto and politics) including 'Shinbutsu Bunrirei' (Ordinance distinguishing Shinto and Buddhism), an edict of Dajokan (the Grand Council of State) dated on April 5, 1868 as well as 'Taikyo Senbu' (Establishment of Shinto), an Imperial edict dated February 3, 1870, which the new Japanese government established after the Meiji Restoration issued.
- 善導の『観無量寿経疏』(『観経疏』)・法然の『選択本願念仏集』(『選択集』)に釈されたのを受けた親鸞は、『顕浄土真実教行証文類』(『教行信証』)の「行巻」に、正定の業とはすなはちこれ仏の名を称するなり。と、「南無阿弥陀仏」と称名する事こそが、正行の中で、阿弥陀仏の願に準じた一番重要(正定の業)であるとのべた。
- Following giving commentary in 'Kanmuryoju-kyosho' (also known as Kangyosho) (Commentary on the Meditation Sutra) by Shandao, and 'Senchaku Hongan Nenbutsu-shu' (also known as Senchaku-shu) (Passages on the Selection of the Nenbutsu in the Original Vow) by Honen, Shinran stated in 'Gyo no maki' (a theme of Practice) of 'Ken Jodo Shinjitsu Kyogyosho Monrui' (also known as 'Kyogyoshinsho') (Selected passages revealing the true teaching, practice and attainment of the Pure Land) that the righteous practice is to call the name of Buddha, regarding the calling of 'Namu Amida Butsu' as the most righteous and important practice (Shojo no gyo) next to wishes by Amida Buddha.
- これは『涅槃経』四諦品にも、「正法たる真智を断滅して、益々悪道に陥り、生死に輪廻しては多くの苦悩を招く」、あるいは「悪彰(あくしょう)の示現は衆生を救わんがための故なり」など説かれているように、あくまでも衆生自らが犯した業による報いであり、自らがそれによって気付くもので、仏がその教えに従わない者に罰を与えるという類のものではない、とするのが一般的である。
- As in the Shitaihon (the Four Axioms) of 'Nehan-gyo Sutra' (The Sutra of The Great Nirvana) there are descriptions that 'To break the truth and wisdom of the True Dharma and fall into more akudo (literally, 'bad way') lead to many affliction through several transmigrations of souls.' or 'The appearance of bad things (悪彰) are caused in order to relieve living things,' Butsubachi is generally regarded as a payment by their own sin which makes them notice it, and is not given by Buddha to a person who does not obey its teaching.
- また、『綜藝種智院式并序』において「物の興廃は必ず人に由る, 人の昇沈は定んで道にあり」と、学校の存続が運営に携わる人の命運に左右される不安定なものであることを認めたうえで、「一人恩を降し、三公力をあわせ、諸氏の英貴諸宗の大徳、我と志を同じうせば、百世継ぐを成さん」と、天皇、大臣諸侯や仏教諸宗の支持・協力のもとに運営することで恒久的な存続を図る方針を示している。
- In 'Shugeishuchiin shiki-narabini-jo,' he wrote his policy of maintaining the facility permanently through operations under the support and cooperation of Emperor, ministers, lords and all Buddhist sects, as described in the following: First, he admitted that the existence of the school was unstable, depending on the destiny of the persons operating it, saying 'The prosperity and demise always depends on the persons concerned, and the ups and downs of a person always depends on whether the person conducts himself or herself correctly or not, and then he described 'This school will exist for 100 generations, if a person shows favors, three high level bureaucrats (sanko) cooperate, and with the noble and prosperous clans and the big virtues of various sects, their aspirations are the same as those of mine.'
- ただしこの文章は、日蓮が「名字即菩提」をなどと、「名字」の語義に注目し「煩悩則菩提」などと同じく、「名字即(初めて正法を聞いて一切の法はみな仏説であると覚る位)」による転換を指し示したもので、単なる戒律を否定したものではない、あるいは「末法無戒」とは釈尊の法や戒律が末法では通用しないので、本仏である日蓮が明かした金剛宝器戒こそが末法に於ける戒律である、等々さまざまな説を生むきっかけとなった。
- However, this text produced various theories: Nichiren focused on the meaning of a word 'myoji' (family name) and considered 'myoji soku bodai' (family names are Bodhi) as similar to 'bonno soku bodai' (earthly desires are Bodhi) and indicated conversion by 'myojisoku (when you listen to Shobo (the phase lasting 1,000 years following the death of the Historical Buddha) the first time, you realize that all laws are Buddhism teaching),' not just denial of religious precept; or laws of Shakyamuni and precepts are not valid in mappo, so only Kongoho kikan clarified by Nichiren, the principal object of worship, is the precept in Mappo.