交流: 850 Terms and Phrases

• 交流
• exchange
• interchange
• interaction
• mingling
• networking
• intercourse
• alternating current
• alternating current (AC)
• A.C.
• alternative current
• people and cultural exchanges
• alternating current AC
• Interactions between the two nations

• 交流機
• AC machine
• alternating-current machine

• 交流塾
• school for friendship

• 交流会
• exchange meeting
• gathering
• assembly
• social
• fellowship
• mixer

• 直交流
• crossflow
• cross flow

• 交流の
• alternate
• alternating

• 交流校
• School having friendship with Ryukoku University

• 学際交流
• interdisciplinary communication

• 交流回路
• AC circuit
• alternating-current circuit

• 交流電圧
• A.C. voltage
• alternating voltage

• 交流消磁
• alternating-current magnetic conditioning
• alternating-current neutralization

• 交流腐食
• alternating-current corrosion

• 交流抵抗
• AC resistance

• 交流波形
• AC wave form

• 人材交流
• personnel exchange
• people-to-people exchange

• 相互交流
• mutual exchange

• 心の交流
• spiritual exchange
• reciprocal flow of feeling

• 霊的交流
• spiritual sympathy
• spiritual communion

• 文化交流
• cultural exchange

• 三相交流
• three-phase alternating current
• Three-phase electric power

• 集客交流
• hospitality (industry)

• 交流試合
• interleague game
• interleague match

• 交流会議
• exchange conference (e.g. cultural, educational, etc.)
• exchange meeting

• 交流人口
• nonresident population
• exchange population

• 国際交流
• international exchange
• International relation

• 交流電源
• alternator
• AC generator
• alternating-current power supply

• 交流人事
• personnel shuffle

• 交流分析
• transactional analysis

• 交流電力
• alternating current power

• 単相交流
• monophase current
• single-phase AC current

• 交流結合
• AC coupling

• 交流計画
• exchange program

• 軍事交流
• military exchange

• 異文化交流
• cultural exchange
• cross-cultural communication
• contacts between different cultures

• 交流遮断器
• AC circuit breaker

• 交流接触器
• AC electromagnetic contactor

• 交流均圧機
• AC balancer

• 交流計算盤
• AC network analyzer

• 交流アーク
• AC arc
• alternating-current arc

• 交流励磁機
• AC exciter
• alternating-current exciter

• 上下流交流
• upstream and downstream exchange

• 国際交流室
• International Affairs Office

• 交流検流計
• alternating-current galvanometer

• 交流溶接機
• alternating-current welder

• 交流起電力
• alternating-current electromotive force

• 交流発電気
• alternator

• 交流委員会
• Foreign Policy Commission
• Foreign Relations Committee

• 交流発電機
• AC generator
• alternator
• AC dynamo
• alternating-current generator

• 交流プラザ
• Kouryuupuraza

• 交流モータ
• a.c. motor
• AC motor
• alternating-current motor

• 交流電動機
• a.c. motor
• AC motor
• alternating-current motor

• 国際交流村
• Kokusaikouryuumura

• 産業交流館
• Sangyoukouryuukan

• 交流電圧計
• AC voltmeter.

• 交流電流計
• AC ammeter

• 全国交流会
• nationwide exchange meeting

• 研究交流官
• Senior Specialist for International Exchange Programs
• Senior Specialist for Research Cooperation

• 交流重畳法
• superimposed alternative current method

• 観光交流局
• Tourism and International Exchange Bureau

• 剣道との交流
• Exchanges with kendo

• 柔道との交流
• Exchanges with judo

• 交流モーター
• alternating-current motor

• 大陸との交流
• Cultural exchange with the continent

• 交流チョッパ
• AC chopper

• 交流整流子機
• AC commutator machine
• alternating-current commutator machine

• 地域交流拠点
• Projects for developing 'riparian plaza' or a regional communication node

• 三相交流回路
• three-phase circuit

• 交流ブリッジ
• A.C. bridge
• AC bridge
• alternating-current bridge

• 交流初透磁率
• alternating-current initial permeability

• 交流フィルタ
• alternating-current filter

• 交流電位差計
• alternating-current potentionmeter

• 交流電圧重畳
• AC superposition

• 交流電圧制御
• AC voltage control

• 交流バランサ
• alternating-current balancer

• 燃料交流装置
• fuel crossfeed system

• 国際交流基金
• Japan Foundation
• The Japan Foundation

• 交流二段速度
• AC two speed

• 文化交流協会
• Cultural Exchange Association

• 国際文化交流
• international cultural exchange

• 国際交流会館
• Kokusaikouryuukaikan

• 海水交流機能
• function of exchanging sea water

• 交流の平均値
• mean value of AC

• 多相交流回路
• multi-phase AC circuit

• 食の交流事業
• Food Exchange Program

• 国際交流研究
• International Exchange Research

• 国際交流官付
• International Science and Technology Affairs Division

• 文化交流課長
• Director, Cultural Affairs Division

• 留学生交流室
• Office for Student Exchange

• 人物交流室長
• Director, Exchange Programs Division

• 国際交流機構
• The Organization for the Promotion of International Relations

• 学術交流協定
• The academic exchange agreement

• 交流すること
• interacting

• 公家との交流
• Relationship with Nobles

• 民間・地域交流
• Private-sector/Regional exchanges

• 交流バイアス法
• AC biasing method
• alternating-current biasing method

• 交流分巻電動機
• A.C. shunt motor
• alternating-current shunt motor

• 交流電力調整器
• AC power regulator

• 交流直巻電動機
• alternating-current series motor

• 交流リアクトル
• AC reactor

• 交流誘導モータ
• ACIM AC induction motors

• 交流アーク溶接
• a.c. arc welding
• AC arc welding

• 文化交流プラザ
• Bunkakouryuupuraza

• 自励交流発電機
• self-excited AC generator

• 直流･交流両用
• AC/DC

• 研究交流管理官
• Director for Research Cooperation

• 国際文化交流室
• Office for International Cultural Exchange

• 国際交流推進課
• International Tourism Promotion Division

• 都市農村交流課
• Interaction Between Urban and Rural Areas Division

• 国際交流推進官
• Director for International Exchange Promotion

• 地域研究交流官
• Senior Specialist for Regional Research Activities

• 情報研究交流部
• Department of Information and Research Cooperation

• 人物交流専門官
• Senior Specialist for Personnel Exchange

• 高圧交流遮断器
• AC Circuit Breakers for 3.3kV or 6.6kV

• 海峡交流基金会
• Straits Exchange Foundation

• 芸術の相互交流
• the cross-pollination of the arts

• 国際交流センター
• International Exchange Center
• The International Center

• 交流整流子電動機
• AC commutator motor
• alternating-current commutator motor

• 交流過電流リレー
• AC overcurrent relay

• 交流発電機の形式
• alternator type

• 交流過電圧リレー
• AC overvoltage relay

• 交流電気運転方式
• alternating-current traction system

• 交流用コンデンサ
• alternating-current capacitor

• 交流再閉路リレー
• AC reclosing relay

• 交流直流重畳電圧
• AC/DC superposition voltage

• 研究交流センター
• Tsukuba Center for Institutes

• 国際看護交流協会
• International Nursing Foundation of Japan

• 交流帰還制御方式
• AC feedback control

• 交流サーボモータ
• AC servomotor
• AC servo motor

• 直交流式熱交換器
• crossflow heat exchanger

• 国際大学交流協会
• Society for College Relations International

• 国際俳句交流協会
• Haiku international association

• 日本交流分析協会
• Japan Transactional Analysis Association
• JTAA

• 日本医学交流協会
• Japan Medical Science Exchange Association
• JAMSEA

• 日中文化交流協会
• Japan-China Cultural Exchange Association

• 極数(交流機器)
• number of poles

• 国内交流研究制度
• National Exchange Research Program

• 学術交流包括協定
• Cooperation on comprehensive education exchange

• 広報文化交流部長
• Director-General, Public Diplomacy Department

• 財団法人交流協会
• Interchange Association, Japan

• ドイツ学術交流会
• German Academic Exchange Service

• 交流インピーダンス
• AC impedance

• 交流電力平衡リレー
• AC power balance relay

• 交流不足電圧リレー
• AC undervoltage relay

• 交流モータの基本式
• fundamental equations for AC motors

• 歴史文化交流エリア
• Historical and Cultural Exchange Area

• 都市農村交流協議会
• City-village Exchange Council

• 誘導子形交流発電機
• inductor-type generator
• inductor type generator

• 都市と農村の交流等
• Exchange between Urban Areas and Rural Areas

• 都市と山村の交流等
• Exchanges between Urban Areas and Mountain Villages

• 都市と漁村の交流等
• Exchange, etc. Between Urban Areas and Fishing Villages

• 国内学術交流協定校
• Domestic education exchange school

• 海外学術交流協定校
• Overseas education exchange school

• 国際文化交流調整官
• Coordinator for International Cultural Exchange

• 交流連携事業調整官
• Director for Regional Planning and Networking

• 京都市国際交流会館
• Kyoto International Community House
• Kyoto City International Foundation

• 高圧交流負荷開閉器
• AC load break switches for 3.3kV or 6.6kV

• 舟艇−交流電気設備
• Small craft−Electrical systems−Alternating current installations

• 多相交流誘導電動機
• alternating-current polyphase induction-motor

• 交流－交流直接変換
• AC to AC direct frequency conversion

• 倭（九州王朝）の交流
• Cultural exchanges with Wa (Kyusyu dynasty)

• 勾玉からみる地域交流
• Cultural exchanges suggested by the distribution of comma-shaped beads

• 国際教育交流促進協会
• Association of International Educational Exchange
• AiEE

• 国際教育文化交流協会
• Society of International Education and Cultural Exchange
• SIENCE

• 国際文化教育交流財団
• Ishizaka Foundation

• 日本の鬼の交流博物館
• Nihon no Oni no Koryu Museum (Japanese Oni Museum)
• Japan Ogre Exchange Museum

• ふるる交流体験ゾーン
• Fururu zone for experiencing exchanges

• 交流二段速度制御方式
• AC variable-voltage variable-frequency control

• 漁港交流広場整備事業
• Fishing Port Interaction Plaza Development Program

• 都市漁村交流推進事業
• promotion project for exchange between cities and fishing villages

• 青少年国際交流専門官
• Senior Specialist for International Youth Exchanges

• 国際文化財交流協力官
• Senior Specialist for the International Cooperation for Cultural Properties

• 官民人材交流センター
• Center for Personnel Interchanges between the Government and Private Entities

• 京都大学国際交流会館
• Kyoto University Shugakuin International House

• 法政実務交流センター
• Center for Law and Policy Studies

• ひと・まち交流館京都
• Hitomachi-koryukan, Kyoto
• Hitomachi-koryukan (community center), Kyoto

• 一般用交流ソレノイド
• AC Solenoids for General Purpose

• 交流直流重畳バイアス
• DC plus AC bias

• 鉄道車両用交流避雷器
• AC surge arresters for rolling stock

• 交流から直流への変換
• conversion of ac into dc

• 長時間の交流電源喪失
• Prolonged Loss of Alternating Current Power

• 著名人との交流と隠棲
• The exchange with famous people and a secluded life

• 文化面の交流・相互影響
• Cultural exchanges/Mutual influence

• 交流半導体コントローラ
• AC semiconductor controller

• 岩手山焼走り国際交流村
• Iwatesanyakebashirikokusaikoryuumura

• アジア民間交流ぐるーぷ
• Asian People's Exchange

• 地球環境研究者交流会議
• Global Environment Researchers Exchange Conference

• 官民人材交流センター長
• Administrative Chief (Minister)

• ひと・まち交流館 京都
• Hitomachi Koryukan Kyoto

• 鉄道車両用交流主電動機
• AC traction motors for rolling stock

• 交流を整流してください
• rectify alternating current

• 平賀源内らと交流した。
• He had contact with Gennai HIRAGA and others.

• 河川文化交流施設整備事業
• River-related cultural exchange facilities development projects

• 日本南太平洋経済交流協会
• Japan and South-Pacific Economic Cooperation Association

• 最小トルク(交流電動機)
• pull-up torque

• 脱出トルク(交流電動機)
• pull-out torque

• この交流を交信ともいう。
• They 'communicate' or 'exchange information.'

• 学術交流に関する包括協定
• Comprehensive academic exchange agreement

• 官民人材交流副センター長
• Administrative Deputy Chief

• 人材力活性化・連携交流室
• Office for Human Resources,Cooperate and Exchange

• 交流入力トランスデューサ
• Electrical measuring transducers for converting a.c. electrical quantities to analogue or digital signals

• 本阿弥光悦と交流があった。
• He had a relationship with Koetsu HONAMI.

• 定常交流対称座標法の提唱者
• Fortescue

• どんどん交流の輪が広がる。
• The waves of exchange are growing.

• 奈良公園シルクロード交流館
• Nara Park Silk Road Exchange Hall

• 海水交流機能を有する防波堤
• breakwater with seawater exchange function

• 引入れトルク(交流電動機)
• pull-in torque

• 釧路市観光国際交流センター
• Kushiro Tourism and International Relations Center

• 独立行政法人　国際交流基金
• The Japan Foundation

• 参事官（青年国際交流担当）
• Director for Policy of International Youth Exchange

• 地方自治体との協定及び交流
• Agreements and exchanges with local governments

• 引外し形高圧交流負荷開閉器
• AC load break switches with tripping device for 3.3 kV or 6.6 kV

• 磁粉探傷用交流極間式磁化器
• AC yoke magnet for magnetic particle testing

• 交流電流から直電流への転換
• the conversion of alternating current to direct current

• 増減する（交流または電圧）
• increase or decrease (an alternating current or voltage)

• 彼の交流は政治的意図による
• his detention was politically motivated

• 大高源五と交流のあった俳諧。
• An author of haikai (seventeen-syllable verse) who mixed with Gengo OTAKA.

• 九州文化圏との交流もあった。
• There were cultural exchanges with the Kyushu cultural region.

• 原動機と交流発電機の回転数比
• engine-to-alternator ratio

• 直流交流変換器、インバーター
• inverter

• 無停電定電圧定周波数交流電源
• CVCF Constant Voltage Constant Frequency

• 彼が積極的に交流を促進した。
• He actively promoted the exchange.

• 彼が積極的に人事交流を行う。
• He actively conducts personnel exchanges.

• 交流巻線(変換装置用変圧器)
• line winding

• 交流を直流に変換する電気装置
• electrical device that transforms alternating into direct current

• スパイラルベクトル交流回路理論
• general spiral vector theory of electric circuit
• spiral vector theory of AC circuit

• 交流可変電圧可変周波数制御方式
• AC two speed control

• リサイクル需給情報交流促進事業
• program for promoting information exchange relating to the supply and demand of recycled goods and materials

• 交流アーク溶接機についての措置
• Measures Concerning AC Arc Welding Equipment

• 高弁（明恵）とも交流があった。
• He was acquainted with Koben (Myoe).

• 1985年9月27日友好交流提携
• Muko City established a friendship city relationship with Hangzhou City on September 27, 1985.

• 阿部次郎との親密な交流が始まる。
• He became close friends with Jiro ABE..

• ひと・まち交流館京都　上ノ口上ル
• Hitomachi-koryukan, Kyoto, Kaminokuchi Agaru (to the north of Kaminokuchi)

• 限流ヒューズ付高圧交流負荷開閉器
• High-voltage alternating current switch-fuse combinations

• 交流アーク溶接電源用電撃防止装置
• Voltage reducing devices for AC arc welding power sources

• 音の振動または交流を生じる発電機
• generator that produces sonic oscillations or alternating current

• 社会的な、または、言葉による交流
• social or verbal interchange

• 伴信友や八田知紀を訪ねて交流す。
• He visited Nobutomo BAN and Tomonori Hatta, cultivating their friendship.

• 異文化料理との折衷・交流・逆輸出入
• Partially taking in features of dishes in foreign culture (eclectic dishes), interaction with dishes in foreign culture, and exporting Japanese dish styles originated in other nations/importing Japanese dish styles modified/invented in other nations

• この犬とは翌年以降も交流が続いた。
• She continued meeting the dog the following years.

• 当院は、妊婦相互の交流を図ります。
• Our hospital promotes mutual communication among pregnant women.

• 交流超電導電力機器基盤技術研究開発
• super-ACE project

• 交流アーク溶接機用自動電撃防止装置
• Automatic electric shock preventive device for AC arc welding equipment
• Automatic electrical shock preventive device for arc-welding equipment
• Automatic Voltage Reducing Device for A.C. Welding Machines

• 直流を交流に変換する電気コンバータ
• an electrical converter that converts direct current into alternating current

• 下流公園の愛称「サブロー交流広場」
• Popular name of park at downstream 'Saburo Koryu Hiroba (an open space for cultural exchange)'

• 備中長尾の小野泉蔵と交流をもった。
• He got closer to Senzo ONO in Nagao, the Bicchu Province.

• 交流電動機 交流モータ ACモータ
• alternating-current motor

• 京都文化交流コンベンションビューロー
• Kyoto Convention Bureau

• ふれあい交流館（大塔温泉「夢乃湯」）
• Fureai Koryu-kan (Oto Onsen Hot Spring 'Yume-no-yu')

• それが更に世界に交流の輪を広げます。
• It will further expand the wave of exchange worldwide.

• 彼らは社会的交流の象徴を少し失った。
• They lost some symbols of social intercourse.

• 鉄道車両−電気品−第４部：交流遮断器
• Railway applications-Electric equipment for rolling stock-Part 4: Electrotechnical components-Rules for a.c. circuit-breakers

• 九広鉄路メトロキャメル電車 (交流)
• East Rail Line Metro Cammell EMU

• 『極東文化の交流』関書院、1949年
• 'Kyokutobunnkanokoryu', by Sekishoin, 1949

• 1996年12月31日友好交流都市提携
• Kameoka City established a friendship-city relationship with Suzhou City on December 31, 1996.

• また、朝鮮半島との交流も盛んであった。
• Interaction with Korean Peninsula was also very active.

• APEC環境技術交流バーチャルセンター
• APEC Virtual Center for Environmental Technology Exchange

• ニコラ・テスラ（交流システムの発明者）
• Nikola Tesla

• 滋賀医科大学と交流協定締結されている。
• The agreement of exchange was concluded with Shiga University of Medical Science.

• 1988年12月　国際交流センター設置
• In December, 1988, the International Exchange Center was established.

• 交流または交際によって堕落したりしない
• not corrupted by contact or association

• 明治後、篠原泰之進と交流を持っている。
• After the Meiji Period, he was associated with Yasunoshin SHINOHARA.

• その後、東上して日下部鳴鶴らと交流した。
• Then he came to Tokyo, and interacted with Meikaku KUSAKABE and others

• その後、二人は10年程交流関係を持った。
• For around ten years after this, they kept up a relationship.

• 交流サーボモータの閉ループ制御ブロック図
• block diagram of closed-loop control of AC servomotor

• 交流電子式無効電力量計−第１部：一般仕様
• Alternating-current static meters for reactive energy- Part 1: General measuring instrument

• 交流電源用蛍光灯電子安定器−性能要求事項
• A.C.-supplied electronic ballasts for fluorescent lamps-Performance requirements

• 教育、交流、芸術を促進する国際連合の機関
• an agency of the United Nations that promotes education and communication and the arts

• 交流を直流またはその逆に変えるコンバータ
• converter that converts alternating current into direct current or vice versa

• 寂蓮や大原三寂との交流が史料に見られる。
• Exchange with Jakuren and the three brothers known as the Ohara no sanjaku can be seen in historical materials.

• 医業が認められ江戸幕府の上士と交流した。
• His work in the medical field was recognized and socialized with Joshi (superior warriors) of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

• 江戸明静院に住して井上金峨と交流している。
• He lived at Myojo-in Temple in Edo, and he communicated with Kinga INOUE.

• 天台座主慈円とも和歌を通じて交流があった。
• There was an interchange between Ryukan and Jien, Tendai-zasu (head priest of the Tendai sect) through waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables).

• 高周波発電機 高周波を発生させる交流発電機
• high-frequency alternator

• 船舶機関室交流電動天井クレーン陸上試験方法
• Shop Test Code for Marine AC Electric Overhead Traveling Cranes in Engine Room

• 高周波の交流が導体の表面近くで分散する傾向
• the tendency of high-frequency alternating current to distribute near the surface of a conductor

• 唐よりも日本との交流が質量ともに大きかった。
• Interaction with Japan was greater than with Tang in terms of both quality and quantity.

• 力率:交流回路での有効電力と見掛けの電力の比
• power factor

• 課長・参事官・計画官・国際交流官・室長・所長
• Director

• 医用高分子研究センター、国際交流センター廃止
• The Research Center for Medical Polymers and Biomaterials, and the International Exchange Center were closed.

• 対立する観念形態に起因する、協力や交流の障害
• a barrier to cooperation or interaction resulting from conflicting ideologies

• コンピュータは、人間の交流から個性を奪うか？
• Will computers depersonalize human interactions?

• 清原元輔・大中臣能宣らの歌人と交流があった。
• He interacted with kajin (waka poets) such as KIYOHARA no Motosuke and ONAKATOMI no Yoshinobu.

• 文人との交流も盛んに行い、書画を趣味とする。
• He actively interacted with literati, and enjoyed calligraphic works and paintings as his hobby.

• 昌碩との交流は彼が没する昭和2年まで続いた。
• His relationship with Shoseki lasted until Shoseki died in 1927.

• 藤原惺窩をはじめとした儒家同士も交流があった。
• Confucians of both nations, including Seika FUJIWARA, interacted with each other as well.

• またこの頃、日元間で禅僧の交流が盛んであった。
• Moreover, interaction between Japanese and Yuan Zen monks flourished in those days.

• 彼らが終始和やかな雰囲気で相互の交流を深めた。
• They got to know each other better in a relaxed environment.

• われわれは、彼らに対話・交流の場を提供します。
• We provide them with a place to communicate and interact.

• 御所に近いことから朝廷との交流も多く見られた。
• Its close proximity to the Imperial Palace meant that it had a great deal of interaction with the Imperial Court.

• 家庭用交流換気扇及び速度調整装置の性能測定方法
• A. C. electric ventilating fans and regulators for household and similar purposes

• 交流電気の負の半波を正の半波に変換する整流装置
• rectifier that converts the negative half wave of an alternating current into a positive half wave

• （特に自動車で）交流電気を作る発電機の古い名称
• an old term for an electric generator that produces alternating current (especially in automobiles)

• メンバーの間の交流は治癒効果があるとされている
• interactions among the members are considered to be therapeutic

• 地域も近く人的な交流もさかんであったと思われる。
• Their areas were geographically close and also is thought to have been much interaction between their members.

• 2006年に立命館大学と学術交流協定を締結した。
• In 2006, it concluded an academic exchange contract with Ritsumeikan University.

• ミラノ大学と学術交流協定及び学生交換協定を締結。
• Study exchange and exchange student agreements were concluded with the University of Milan.

• 回転速度が交流電力の周波数に比例する電気モーター
• electric motor in which the speed of rotation is proportional to the frequency of the A.C. power

• ある電圧の交流電流が別の電圧に変換される電気装置
• an electrical device by which alternating current of one voltage is changed to another voltage

• ときに君の喜びと君の真剣な職業とを交流せしめよ。
• Mingle your joys sometimes with your earnest occupation.

• 武野紹鴎に師事しており、茶人としての交流は広い。
• Having studied with Jo TAKENO, Hisahide had many friends as a master of tea ceremony.

• また芭蕉の門弟らと交流し、各務支考と親しかった。
• Further, he kept company with Basho's disciples and was particularly friendly with Shiko KAGAMI.

• 交流館、民俗資料館、民宿などもそのなかに含まれる。
• The Community Center, Museum of History and guest houses are among those thatched-roofed buildings.

• これを契機に低圧直流から高圧交流への転換を行った。
• On this occasion, high-voltage direct current was switched to high-voltage alternating current.

• また仁阿弥道八、青木木米、頼山陽とも交流があった。
• In addition, he also had a relationship with Dohachi NINNAMI, Mokubei AOKI and Sanyo RAI.

• その後も西園寺公望ら、日本からの留学生と交流した。
• Montblanc still interacted with Japanese students including Kinmochi SAIONJI.

• 国際交流・文化交通を図ることが目的として建てられた。
• It was built for the purpose of international and cultural exchange.

• 米国の電子工学者で、交流の理論に関する業績で知られる
• United States electrical engineer noted for his work on the theory of alternating currents

• 貿易による経済交流と文化発展に寄与することとなった。
• He contributed to the cultural development and financial exchange through trade.

• 武家伝奏を務め、織田信長、豊臣秀吉等と交流があった。
• He assumed the position of the bukedenso (Imperial official in charge of communication between the shogunate and the court (during the Muromachi and Edo periods) and he had contact with Nobunaga ODA and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.

• 歌道に造詣が深く、歌人の日野資矩などとも交流があった。
• He had deep knowledge on poems, and had cultural exchange with poets such as Suketsune HINO.

• 私たちは積極的に陶芸愛好家との交流の機会を設けました。
• We actively created an opportunity to interact with ceramic lovers.

• 単相交流25,000ボルト (単位)で電力を供給する。
• For electric power, a single-phase 25,000 AC is supplied to the train-cars.

• 信者の交流と教会の特権から教会のメンバーを追放する行為
• the act of banishing a member of a church from the communion of believers and the privileges of the church

• 宗祇・宗長・荒木田守武などと交流し俳諧連歌を興隆した。
• Socializing with Sogi, Socho, Moritake ARAKIDA and others, Sokan contributed to the prosperity of Haikairenga.

• 関ヶ原以降は俳諧師として近江諸将を中心に交流を結んだ。
• He mainly communicated with the warriors from Omi Province as a haiku poet after the Battle of Sekigahara.

• 広く京の歌人たちと交流し、歌合にも盛んに参加していた。
• He was acquainted with many waka poets in Kyoto and actively participated in utaawase (poetry contest).

• また、鈴木春信と交流した平賀源内が発明したとも言われる。
• It is also said that it was invented by Gennai HIRAGA, who associated with Harunobu SUZUKI..

• 遣隋使・遣唐使が畿内ヤマトと中国との初の直接交流である。
• Kensui-shi and ken-toshi were the first direct cultural exchanges between the Yamato kingship in the Kinai region and China.

• 中正院の日護・本性寺の日徳と交流し日蓮宗の秘奥を究めた。
• He had close relationships with Nichigo of Chujoin and Nittoku of Honsho-ji Temple, and studied Nichiren sect Buddhism in depth.

• 交流波形の一部を制御して、ヒータ等の電力を調整する方法。
• phase control

• ウィスコンシン大学ロースクール(法科大学院学術交流協定)
• University of Wisconsin Law School (agreement concluded on educational exchange in the Graduate School of Law)

• 2005年4月　留学生センターを国際交流センターに改組。
• In April, 2005, the Center for Student Exchange was reorganized into the International Center.

• なお、電化の話が浮上した時点から交流電化の話は無かった。
• And since the time when electrification was considered, alternate current electrification had not been mentioned.

• 本能的に、または、性格的に、他人との交流を求め楽しむさま
• instinctively or temperamentally seeking and enjoying the company of others

• 米国のほとんどの家庭用電流は毎秒60サイクルの交流である
• In the US most household current is AC at 60 cycles per second

• 斎藤一など、生き残りの新選組隊士らとも交流が続いていた。
• He maintained exchange with the Shinsengumi survivors including Hajime SAITO.

• 坪内逍遥と交流を結び、その勧めで評論『小説総論』を発表。
• He was on good terms with Shoyo TSUBOUCHI, and issued a critical essay 'Shosetsu soron' (General theory of novel) by Shoyo's encouragement.

• その交流により、親戚の岸家や永縄家には遺品があるという。
• It is said that such intercommunication left articles belonging to him to the Kishi family and the Naganawa family, both of which were his relatives.

• 同時代の源義家と文武の双璧と称され、互いに交流も持った。
• Praised as the two greatest masters in the arts of pen and sword, Atsumoto and MINAMOTO no Yoshiie held mutual respect for each other.

• 美濃に生まれ京都に移り、私塾を開き文人と盛んに交流した。
• He was born in Mino and moved to Kyoto, and ran his own private school and frequently communicated with scholars.

• 現在二つの間には互いに交流があり相違点は小さくなっている。
• Now there is communication between them, and the difference is becoming smaller.

• 尺八は当道座外の楽器であるが、古くから胡弓と交流があった。
• Shakuhachi was not an instrument played by the Todo-za members, but it had close ties to kokyu from old days.

• 九州国立博物館の文化交流展示室ではこの説が紹介されている。
• This theory is being introduced in the Cultural Exchange Exhibition room of Kyushu National Museum.

• 電気自動車—一充電走行距離及び交流充電電力量消費率試験方法
• Electric vehicle—Measurement for driving range and energy consumption

• 全交流電源喪失に対して最小 8 時間の対処時間を確保する。
• Establish a minimum coping time of 8 hours for a loss of all ac power.

• 後年の志士たちとの交流は、これが機会となったと考えられる。
• It is considered that this led to his becoming friends with royalists in his later years

• 恵慶・清原元輔・源順・大中臣能宣などの歌人と交流があった。
• He was friends with such poets as Egyo, KIYOHARA no Motosuke, MINAMOTO no Shitago, and ONAKATOMI no Yoshinobu.

• 他の歌人とも交流があり、歌を好んだ皇子であったようである。
• The prince also communicated with other poets, indicating his love for poetry.

• 歌人との交流についても書かれており、掲載の和歌は261首。
• She also describes her friendships with poets; in the diary are recorded some 261 waka.

• 富岡鉄斎・内藤湖南らと交流し、森琴石らと平安印会を興した。
• He interacted with Tessai TOMIOKA and Konan NAITO, and established Heianinkai (Heian Seal Society) with Kinseki Mori.

• 当社は初級・中級・上級の技術者ごとに交流の場を設けています。
• We offer different exchange opportunities for beginner, intermediate, and advanced-level engineers.

• 鹿持雅澄に学び、同門であった尊皇攘夷・武市瑞山などとも交流。
• He studied under Masazumi KAMOCHI and fraternized with fellow pupil Zuizan TAKECHI under the sonno joi (revere the emperor, expel the barbarians) doctrine.

• 「寛平后宮歌合」などの歌合に参加、紀貫之などと交流があった。
• He participated in some uta-awase (poetry contests) such as the 'Kanpyo kisai no miya no uta-awase' (Empress's Contest During the Reign of the Kanpyo Emperor) and was acquainted with KI no Tsurayuki and others.

• 琴にも秀で、藤原兼輔・紀貫之・凡河内躬恒などと交流があった。
• He also excelled at playing the koto (Japanese zither), and was friends with FUJIWARA no Kanesuke, KI no Tsurayuki and OSHIKOCHI no Mitsune.

• 頼山陽、青木木米、僧雲華などの当代一流の文人と交流している。
• He was intimate with first-grade literary persons at that time, such as Sanyo RAI, Mokubei AOKI and Unge, a priest.

• 薩南学派の南浦文之の詩文に丿貫との交流を伺わせる詩句がある。
• Among poems written by Bunshi NANBO, who belonged to the Satsunangaku school (school of Neo-Confucian in Satsuma), there are some that suggest his relationship with Hechikan.

• 室町幕府からの信頼も厚く、また文化人とも積極的に交流している。
• He was trusted by the Muromachi bakufu and actively associated with men of culture.

• 以降は外の国や地域との交流を行うさいには海を渡る必要があった。
• Since then it became necessary to cross the sea in order to exchange with foreign countries and areas.

• 1993年4月　文化学術研究交流施設「けいはんなプラザ」開設。
• April, 1993: Keihanna Plaza, a facility for promoting cultural/academic exchange, opened.

• 本学は平成１７年４月に山田大学と学術交流の協定を締結しました。
• Our school concluded our academic exchange agreement with Yamada University on April, 2005.

• この渡仏中に博覧会副総裁の松方正義と出会い、以後交流が深まる。
• During his stay in France, he met Masayoshi MATSUKATA, the vice-director of the exhibition, and since then their relationship grew.

• 養女を島津氏の正室としたことで島津家中との交流が活発になった。
• As his adopted daughter became the lawful wife of the head of the Shimazu family, frequent interactions between the Shimazu and the Hiramatsu families started.

• 交流を直流に、また直流を交流に変換する同期機から成る同期変流機
• electrical converter consisting of a synchronous machine that converts alternating to direct current or vice versa

• 三島由紀夫と交流のあった稲垣足穂は、ふんどしをはいた奇行で有名。
• Taruho INAGAKI, a novelist who had kept contact with Yukio MISHIMA, is famous for his eccentricities on fundoshi loincloth.

• 2004年以降東京との交流が密接になってきているのも見逃せない。
• We also need to keep in mind that Kamigata storytellers have formed a closer relationship with their colleagues in Tokyo since 2004.

• 鎖国体制の中でも、制限された形で中国・朝鮮との交流は続いていた。
• Even under the circumstance of national isolation, exchanges with China and Korea continued in restricted form.

• その結果、より濃密な企業間交流が促進されることにつながっている。
• The result has led to the promotion of more dense exchanges among companies.

• ただ、これらの人々も明治中期までは知井村の人々と交流がなかった。
• However, these people had no contact with those in Chii Village until the middle of the Meiji period.

• また、平安時代の遣渤海使もこの道を通るなど、交流の道でもあった。
• This was also a route for international exchanges, used, for example, by Kenbokkaishi (emissaries sent to Bo-Hai) during the Heian era.

• 紀有常女（惟喬親王の従姉にあたる）を妻とし、紀氏と交流があった。
• Narihira married the daughter of KI no Aritsune (a cousin of Imperial Prince Koretaka) and was therefore related to the Ki clan.

• 一条兼良・正広・宗祇・三条西実隆ら多くの歌人・連歌師と交流する。
• He interacted with many waka and linked-verse poets like Kanera ICHIJO, Seiko, Sogi, Sanetaka SANJO.

• とりわけ、池大雅とは深く交流し、その影響で伊孚九に私淑している。
• He maintained a close relationship particularly with IKE no Taiga, who led him, as a painter, to model himself on the Chinese trader and painter, Fujiu YI.

• 勤皇を志して、 諸国の名士と交流を持ち、黒田清隆の門下であった。
• Advocating reverence for the Emperor, he got to know prominent figures from various regions, and studied under Kiyotaka KURODA.

• また木村兼葭堂を通じ、大名家では増山正賢や松浦静山等と交流した。
• He also socialized with Masakata MASHIYAMA and Seizan MATSURA etc., members of Daimyo family (feudal lord family) through Kenkado KIMURA (a literary man in the middle of Edo period).

• この交流を通じて、伴存は本草学の広範な文献に接することができた。
• Through this cultural exchanges, he could see a wide variety of literature on herbalism.

• また江戸時代は鎖国制がとられており外国との交流もほとんどなかった。
• In the Edo period, Japan was in national isolation so there was only limited contact with foreign countries.

• 食材・料理を通じた文化交流の広がり方を知る手がかりにもなっている。
• Local dishes also serve as the clue to understand how cultural exchange was carried out through foodstuffs and cuisine.

• 日本は新羅との関係が悪化する中で、遣渤海使などで交流を深めていく。
• In the midst of deteriorating relations between Japan and Silla, Japan deepened their ties with Bokkai by sending a team of envoys.

• これをうけて遣隋使は遣唐使と改称され、9世紀前半まで交流が続いた。
• So, in order to cope with this, the Kenzui-shi (Japanese envoy to Sui Dynasty, China), was renamed the Kento-sho (Japanese envoy to Tang Dynasty, China), and the ensuing cultural exchanges lasted until the early 9th century.

• また、同様に霊界に於ける自分は先祖との交流や交渉は深いものである。
• Also people have deep interchanges and connections with their ancestors in the spiritual world.

• 交流電子式電力量計−精密電力量計及び普通電力量計−第１部：一般仕様
• Alternating-current static meters for active energy- classes 1 and 2- Part 1: General measuring instrument

• その後も佐藤彦五郎や箱館戦争生き残りの榎本武揚らとの交流が続いた。
• After he entered the Buddhist priesthood, he continued keeping in touch with Hikogoro SAITO and Takeaki ENOMOTO who survived the Hakodate War.

• 一方で憲仁の母・平滋子との交流はほとんどなく、疎遠な関係にあった。
• On the other hand, Yorimori had almost no contact with TAIRA no Shigeko, the mother of Norihito, having become estranged from her.

• 関と京阪の和算家との交流には不明な点が多く、今後の解明が待たれる。
• Very little is currently known about the extent of Seki's interactions with Kansai-area Japanese mathematicians, so it is to be hoped that future research will clarify this point.

• 東西交流の進む現代では、人情噺を上方風の演出で口演する落語家がいる。
• Today some storytellers perform sentimental routines in Kamigata style as communication between the east and the west has improved.

• 同じ類の華族は宗族会を作り、先祖の祭祀などで交流を持つようになった。
• Some kazoku established each sozoku association with the members belonging to the same group, and they interacted with each other through family occasions such as religious services for their ancestors.

• のちには京都・江戸・近江国柏原などに住しながら様々な人々と交流した。
• Later, while he was living in places such as Kyoto, Edo and Kashiwabara in Omi Province, he communicated with various people.

• 両国間の文化交流が進むにしたがって、相互理解も一段と深まっていった。
• As cultural exchange continued between the two countries, their mutual understanding became even deeper.

• この頃、西郷隆盛や大久保利通などの勤王の志士らとの交流を重ねている。
• Around that time, he often made personal contacts with royalists including Takamori SAIGO, Toshimichi OKUBO and so on.

• また、大中臣能宣・紀時文・清原元輔など中級の公家歌人と交流していた。
• He was on good terms with noble poets in the middle class such as ONAKATOMI no Yoshinobu, KI no Tokibumi, KIYOHARA no Motosuke, and so on.

• 家臣の粟屋氏ともども、京都の貴紳三条西実隆との親密な交流が知られる。
• It is known that he had close contacts with the vassals of the Awaya clan and Sanetaka SANJONISHI, a man of rank in Kyoto.

• 長州藩の桂小五郎（後の木戸孝允）らと交流し、尊王攘夷運動に関与する。
• He got on with Kogoro KATSURA (later Takayoshi KIDO) of Choshu clan and participated in the Sonno Joi movement.

• 徳川家康の母於大の方（水野忠政の娘）の入輿もこれらの交流の一つである。
• Odai no kata, the daughter of Tadamasa MIZUNO, was a member of the Mizuno clan who was married to a member of the Matsudaira clan during this time.

• 一説に、円観と交流があった真言宗・小野流の文観が真言立川流を大成した。
• One theory is that Monkan who was from Shingon sect Ono school and communicated with Enkan perfected the Shingon Tachikawa School.

• このように、合気道と講道館柔道との間で比較的盛んに交流が行われていた。
• Thus the exchanges between aikido and the judo of the Kodokan Judo Institute were relatively active.

• その後も特に小田原の後北条氏と交流、また幕府の使者として下向している。
• After that, he especially associated with the Gohojo clan and traveled as an emissary of the bakufu to Odawara.

• 幕末期には尊王論を主張し、頼三樹三郎や周防国妙円寺の月性らと交流した。
• He insisted on Sonnoron (imperialism) at the end of the Edo period and got on with Mikisaburo RAI, Gessho of Myoen-ji Temple in Suo Province and others.

• しかし一般人とオランダ人の交流は禁止され、書物の輸入も制限されていた。
• However, people were generally prohibited from exchanging cultures with the Dutch and import of books was limited.

• 秀次は古筆を愛し、多くの公家とも交流を持つ当代一流の教養人でもあった。
• Hidetsugu was a first-rank educated person of the day who loved ancient Japanese writings and held cultural exchanges with many court nobles.

• 歌合を少なくとも3回開催し、また「古今和歌集」の撰者らと交流があった。
• He organized and held at least three poetry contests, and enjoyed friendly relations with the compilers of the 'Kokinshu' (Collected Waka from Ancient and Modern Times).

• 文部官僚時代の中川は、日本女子大学を設立した成瀬仁蔵とも交流があった。
• While he was an officer of the Ministry of Education, NAKAGAWA also associated with Jinzo NARUSE, who established Japan Women's University.

• 容保上京後は公用方に任ぜられ、公卿、諸藩士、新選組などと交流を持った。
• After Katamori's arrival in Kyoto, HIROSAWA was assigned to koyokata (the section of local domain which is in charge of dealing with all works related to the bakufu central government and the Imperial seat) to promote interactions with Kugyo (Court nobles), feudal retainers of domains, and Shinsengumi (a group who guarded Kyoto during the end of Tokugawa shogunate).

• 8世山田宗有は実業家山田寅次郎として、特にトルコとの交流で知られている。
• The 8th generation master, Soyu YAMADA, otherwise known as entrepreneur Torajiro YAMADA, was known in particular for his interaction with Turkey.

• その後、山崎・水無瀬にも閑居し、在原業平・紀有常らと交流したといわれる。
• Later on it is said that he also lived in retirement in Yamazaki and Minase, where he socialized with ARIWARA no Narihira and KI no Aritsune.

• 詩文・書・絵画に秀で、儒学者頼山陽・南画家田能村竹田などと交流があった。
• He excelled in prose and poetry, calligraphy, paintings and interacted with the Confusian scholar Sanyo RAI and the Nanga painter (an original style of painting during the Edo period which had a great deal of influence from the Chinese Nanga style) Chikuden TANOMURA and others.

• 田植え、草刈り、稲刈り、ぐい飲みつくり、酒造工場見学根戸で交流を深める。
• The owners deepen exchanges through rice transplanting, mowing, harvesting, production of guinomi (Japanese sake cup) and a tour of the sake brewery.

• しかし、共に英霊を祀る靖國神社と護国神社とは深い関わりを持ち交流がある。
• However, both Yasukuni-jinja Shrine and Gokoku-jinja Shrine honor the spirits of the fallen heroes and have a strong connection and exchanges.

• 鉄道車両−電力変換装置及び交流電動機の組合せ試験−第１部：インバータ方式
• Rolling stock-Combined testing of power convertor with ac motors-Part 1: Inverter system

• 篤胤は京都の鈴屋の支店のようなところを訪れ、服部中庸などと交流している。
• Atsutane visited Suzuya's branch like the place in Kyoto, and met with Nakatsune HATTORI.

• 19歳のとき「河越千句」に参加し心敬の教えを受け、飯尾宗祇とも交流した。
• When he was 19 years old, he participated in 'Kawagoe senku' (event of renga held at Kawagoe-jo Castle), learned from Shinkei and became acquainted with Sogi IO.

• 藤壷は一人秘密を抱えとおす決意をし、源氏との一切の交流を持とうとしない。
• Fujitsubo decided that she would keep the truth to herself, and would not see Genji at all.

• 父・吉継が真田家と交流が深く、1594年（文禄3年）頃に真田信繁に嫁ぐ。
• Her father Yoshitsugu associated deeply with the Sanada family, and around 1594 she got married to Nobushige SANADA.

• 頼政は鳥羽院に仕え、寵妃の美福門院や院近臣の藤原家成と交流を持っている。
• Yorimasa served the retired Emperor Toba and had connections with Bifukumon-in, wife of the retired Emperor, and FUJIWARA no Ienari, a close aides to the retired Emperor.

• 公家の近衛尚道・三条西実隆や周防国山口の大内義弘などとの交流が知られる。
• He was known to be have had interactions with Yoshihiro OUCHI of Yamaguchi, Suo Province and aristocrats such as KONOE no Naomichi and Sanetaka SANJONISHI.

• 蘭斎は医学のみならず文人としての才もあり、多くの文化人とも交流を持った。
• In addition to medicine, Ransai had a talent for literature, and interacted with a lot of men of culture.

• 以降、幕末に至るまで久松家に仕官しながら前田家とも交流を続けることになる。
• From then until the end of the Edo era, Soshitsu JOSO continued his services to his retainer, the Hisamatsu family, also keeping, at the same time, constant contact with the Maeda family.

• 1979（S54）年、「真如苑宗教交流親善使節団」として欧州5カ国を巡教。
• In 1979, he visited five European countries as 'Shinnyoen Buddhist religious communication good will envoy' for preachment.

• 薩長土は、幕末、志士たちの交流や薩長同盟・薩土同盟で連携関係を結んでいた。
• The Satchodo (Satsuma, Choshu and Tosa Domains) formed a partnership through exchanges held among nationalist patriots from these three domains in the late Edo period, as well as through the Satsuma-Choshu Alliance and the Satsuma-Tosa Alliance.

• 先住民とは交流ができなかったらしく、12月17日に遭難者達は集落から逃走。
• The abductees apparently could not communicate with the aborigines, for they escaped from the village on December 17.

• しかし、遣唐使廃止後も対外交流は盛んで中国の文物は多く日本に流入していた。
• But, in reality, even after the demise of its missions to Tang China, Japan had active relations with other countries and many aspects of Chinese learning and culture were introduced.

• 貴顕社会との交流を重視した師真雅に対して、華美や権勢と一定の距離を置いた。
• While his mentor, Shinga had importance for intercommunion with aristocratic society, Shobo kept himself detached from the society.

• 夭折した学者 田中大観とは学問を通じて親しく交流し、彼の碑銘を書いている。
• He had close friendship with Taikan TANAKA, a scholar who died young, through scholarship and he wrote an epitaph for Taikan's grave.

• また今尾景年を通して橋本雅邦と知己となり、明治関東画壇との交流も深まった。
• He also became friends with Gaho HASHIMOTO through Keinen IMAO, thus, deepening his connection with Meiji Kanto Gadan, a painter's circle.

• 数多くのロダンとの交流の品が残っていたが、大部分は岐阜空襲で失ったという。
• There had been a number of her belongings that reminded her exchanges with Rodin, but most of them were lost in air raids over Gifu.

• 南房総地域観光圏；「家族時間の旅～里海・里山が織りなす『南房総・交流街道』」
• South Boso district sightseeing area: 'Family travel time; Weaving of satoumi and satoyama 'South Boso communication roads''

• 湖西線建設当時、山科駅は直流電化されており、近江塩津駅は交流電化されていた。
• During the construction of the Kosei Line, Yamashina Station was DC-electrified and Omi-Shiotsu Station was AC-electrified.

• 彼らは祭祀を通じて生者と交流し、永遠に近親者・縁者を見守って行くのだとした。
• He believed that they comes in contact with livings through religious services and watch over close blood relatives and relatives forever.

• 交流電子式電力量計−超特別精密電力量計及び特別精密電力量計−第１部：一般仕様
• Alternating-current static meters for active energy- Classes 0.2 S and 0.5 S-Part 1: General measuring instrument

• 事業者に対して、水補給能力に必要な交流電源を安全系のものとするよう指示する。
• Order licensees to provide safety-related ac electrical power for the spent fuel pool makeup system.

• ランプ制御装置−第２−３部：交流及び直流電源用蛍光灯電子安定器の個別要求事項
• Lamp control gear-Part 2-3: Particular requirements for a.c.and d.c.supplied electronic ballasts for fluorescent lamps

• 私たちは米国の教育交流プログラム参加者のこれまでの実績を知っているからです。
• We have already seen what the alumni of our educational exchanges go on to do.

• また、文人としても活動しており、当代屈指の連歌師宗祇とも交流した記録がある。
• Hironori was also active as a man of literature, which is shown in a document that he had contact with Sogi, one of the most prominent Renga (Japanese collaborative poetry) poets in those days.

• 住民と囚人との間でも交流がすすみ、囚人が住民の家を建てることもあったという。
• Cultural exchanges between residents and prisoners proceeded, and it is said that, sometimes, prisoners built a house for the local people.

• 歌合に作者として出詠するほか、藤原長能・源道済・能因法師などと交流があった。
• He participated in Uta-awase (poetry competitions) as a poet and interacted with FUJIWARA no Nagato, MINAMOTO no Michinari, the priest Noin, and others.

• 源順（みなもとのしたごう）、清原元輔・平兼盛・恵慶など多くの歌人と交流した。
• He cherished friendships with many poets such as MINAMOTO no Shitago, KIYOHARA no Motosuke, TAIRA no Kanemori, and Egyo.

• 縁戚との交流も頻繁にあり、晩年の島田の写真は兄弟等と一緒に写ったものだった。
• SHIMADA's photograph of his last years, which was taken with his brothers and others, proves that he had frequent communication with his relatives.

• 歌人としての活動も活発で、源頼政・藤原清輔・寂蓮ら多くの歌人と交流があった。
• He was also active as a poet and he had relations with many poets such as MINAMOTO no Yorimasa, FUJIWARA no Kiyosuke and Jakuren.

• それとともに、地方のオトナ衆・氏子との交流を図って吉田家の家門拡大に努めた。
• At the same time, he had socialized with otona (village leaders) and parishioners in rural areas to spread the Yoshida's.

• 2001年、仙台市が仙台開府四百年祭の一事業として伊達交流サミットを開催した。
• In 2001, Sendai City held a DATE Summit as one of the projects of a festival which marked the 400th anniversary of the start of Sendai Domain.

• 商用周波数の2倍+1Hzの交流電圧を重畳した時の1Hzの周波数成分を持った電流
• AC superposition

• 神や精霊など、神界・霊界・自然界のオカルトと交流する力または立場を持っている。
• The Fu or Kannagi has the power or authority to communicate with the occult, such as gods or holy spirits in the divine, spiritual, and natural worlds.

• 大坂の池大雅、高芙蓉、木村兼葭堂などとの交流から山水画に自らの本領を見いだす。
• However, through the influence of interactions with members of the Osaka school (Taika IKENO, (aka Taika IKE), Kenkado KIMURA etc) KUWAYAMA found his own milieu was landscapes.

• 渡辺政香は国学のほか漢詩や和歌などを学び、多くの学者や文人墨客と交流があった。
• Masaka WATANABE learned Chinese-style poem, Waka as well as Japanese classical literature and associated with many scholars, writers and artists.

• 日中の禅宗寺院の交流が頻繁だったことから、14世紀初め鎌倉時代末には伝わった。
• His works were imported into Japan at the beginning of the 14th century, the end of Kamakura Period, since Japanese and Chinese Zen temples communicated vigorouly.

• 架線電圧は現在は交流20kVであるが、新幹線開業時に25kVに昇圧予定である。
• The current aerial power line voltage is 20 KVAC, but is scheduled to be raised to 25 kVAC when the operation of the Shinkansen line starts.

• 詩人はこのような陽気な交流において陽気にならずにはいられなかった−ワーズワース
• a poet could not but be gay, in such a jocund company- Wordsworth

• 元来は漢方医であったが、杉田玄白・前野良沢らと交流するうちに蘭学へと転向する。
• He had originally been a Chinese medicine doctor but turned to become a Rangakusha as he interacted with Genpaku SUGITA and Ryotaku MAENO.

• また『歌麿』等を執筆していた晩年のゴンクールと深い交流があり著述活動を支えた。
• He had a close friendship with Goncourt in his later years, who wrote 'Utamaro' and so on, and supported his writing activities.

• 討ち入りを待ち望む松浦侯と、俳句を通じて交流がある宝井其角・大高源吾などの絡み。
• It is about conversations between lord Matsuura, who is expecting a raid, and Kikaku TAKARAI and Gengo OTAKA, with whom Matsuura is acquainted through Haiku.

• 俳人で行脚僧の既白や加賀国出身の二柳・麦水などと交流し、蕉風俳諧の復興を志した。
• Through interactions with poets of haikai such as Kihaku, who was also a travelling monk, and Jiryu and Bakusui, who were both from Kaga Province, he endeavored to revive haikai in the style of Basho.

• こうした国際色豊かな酒の交流は、江戸時代初期の朱印船貿易へと引き継がれていった。
• Those exchanges of sake among various countries continued to the trading by shogunate-licensed trading ship in the beginning of the Edo period.

• 丹後半島は古代より大陸との交流が盛んな所で、京の都と大陸との交易ルートにあたる。
• Exchanges with the continent of Asia were carried out actively in the Tango Peninsula, and Ine-cho was located along the trade route between the capital Kyoto and the Continent.

• 西アジアや中央アジアなどとの交流も活発であり、首都長安は国際都市として繁栄した。
• There was also active exchange with West and Central Asia and the capital Changan flourished as an international city.

• 芙蓉は柳沢淇園や木村蒹葭堂、売茶翁、大典顕常、永田観鵞など多くの文人と交流した。
• Fuyo interacted with lots of men of literature such as Kien YANAGISAWA, Kenkado KIMURA, Baisao, Kenjo DAITEN and Kanga NAGATA.

• 肥後の松村家に戻った国臣は後に「人斬り彦斎」の異名を持つ河上彦斎と交流している。
• After kuniomi returned to the Matsumura family in Higo, he mixed with Gensai KAWAKAMI, who had the nickname 'Hitokiri Gensai' (Gensai the killer).

• 晩年は長州の「勤王の志士」たちと交流し、第一次長州征伐の調停役としても活躍した。
• He enjoyed the friendship of 'loyalists of the Meiji Restoration period' of Choshu domain in his later years, and also worked hard as a mediator of the First conquest of Choshu.

• 幕末の政治状況の中で、薩摩藩や長州藩の武士と交流し、薩長連合にも尽力したという。
• Under the political situation in the last days of Tokugawa shogunate, he interacted with samurai from Satsuma and Choshu Domains and worked hard for the establishement of the Satsuma-Choshu Alliance.

• いっぽうで、当時の茶人・数寄者との交流もあり、特に千利休とは親交していたという。
• Meanwhile, he enjoyed friendships with celebrated tea ceremony masters and admirers and had an especially close relationship with SEN no Rikyu.

• 一休宗純、一条兼良との交流もあったとされ、能楽作品も幽玄にして深遠なものが多い。
• He is also believed to have maintained friendships with Ikkyu Sojun and Kaneyoshi ICHIJO and many of his Noh plays are mysterious and profound.

• その活動は御子左家との強い結びつきの元で行われたが、六条家歌人との交流もあった。
• His activities were performed under a strong bond with the Mikohidari family, also he interacted with Rokujo ke Kajin.

• 源兼澄や中務らの歌集に彼の名前が見え、彼ら有名歌人とも交流があったと推測される。
• His name appeared on the anthologies of Japanese poetry collected by MINAMOTO no Kanezumi, Nakatsukasa, etc. and it is believed that he had contact with those famous poets.

• 教養深く言うべきことを言う性質で、相国寺住持愚渓等厚、汝舟妙恕とも交流があった。
• He was deeply cultivated and dared to say what he had to say by nature, and he kept friendship with the chief priests of Shokoku-ji Temple Gukei Toko and Joshu Myojo.

• 長崎丸山 (長崎市)花月楼 (長崎)清譚会の世話役を務め、日中文化交流を促した。
• He took the role of steward for Seitan-kai, an art exhibition, at Kagetsu-ro building in Maruyama, Nagasaki, promoting cultural exchange between Japan and China.

• ただし片方にしかない噺については、東西交流の進んだ太平洋戦争後はこの限りではない。
• However, this does not apply to those routines which are told in either region as communication between the east and the west improved after the War.

• 他の芸能との交流も進み、講釈での人気演目が歌舞伎や人形浄瑠璃化されることもあった。
• Interacting with other forms of public entertainment helped popular koshaku acts to be performed in kabuki and ningyo joruri (traditional Japanese puppet theater).

• 文化面では、連歌・猿楽・喫茶など身分を超えた交流に特徴付けられる室町文化が栄えた。
• In culture, the Muromachi culture, which is characterized by interaction among people in different social strata, as seen in renga, sarugaku (the predecessor of Noh), and drinking tea, flourished.

• 交流電力システムから発生する電界及び磁界の強さ−公衆の人体ばく露を考慮した測定手順
• Electric and magnetic field levels generated by AC power systems-Measurement procedures with regard to public exposure

• また以下の7市町では「かぐや姫サミット」という地域間交流が定期的に開催されている。
• At the following seven cities and towns, 'Princess Kaguya Summit ' is regularly held for promoting local interaction.

• 頼光は公家との交流が多いことから著名な歌人でもあり、その子孫たちも和歌をよくした。
• Yorimitsu had many acquaintances among court nobles and was a famous waka poet; his offspring were also good at making waka poems.

• 今日同志社大学と早稲田大学の間で学生交流（国内留学）制度があるのはそのためである。
• It is because of this friendship that the current student exchange program (in which students can study at another university within Japan) exists between Doshisha and Waseda Universities.

• 1922年 ドイツに留学しエドムント・フッサール、マルティン・ハイデッガーと交流。
• 1922: Studied in Germany where he interacted with Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl and Martin Heidegger.

• 特に伏見の別邸は能因・源経信・藤原通俊ら同時代の歌人たちの交流の場にもなっていた。
• In particular, Toshitsuna's second residence in Fushimi was a meeting place for contemporary poets, including Noin, MINAMOTO no Tsunenobu, and FUJIWARA no Michitoshi.

• この背景には以前から交流のあったアーネスト・フェノロサの意見があったと考えられる。
• Ernest Fenollosa, whom Kuki had known for some time, seems to have suggested this to Kuki.

• 後に彼から菩薩戒を受けた円澄が最澄の門人となったことから両者の間に交流に生まれた。
• Because of the fact that, Encho, who later received Bodhisattva Precepts from him, was a disciple of Saicho, there became exchange between the two.

• 西洋との交流は厳しく制限されたものの、長崎の出島を通じてオランダとの交易が行われた。
• Even though exchanges with western countries were strictly restricted, trades with the Netherlands were implemented through Dejima in Nagasaki.

• フルコンタクト空手や実戦空手との交流もある一方で、伝統派空手に分類される会派も多い。
• Some practitioners of bogutsuki karate communicate with full-contact karate and jissen (actual fighting) karate practitioners, whereas many bogutsuki karate circles are categorized as dentoha (traditional-style) karate.

• 中心地：京都市）は畿内に当たり、大津市や旧摂津国（阪神）や奈良県北部との交流が深い。
• The central area: Kyoto City) is within the Kinai region, and is closely related to Otsu City, former Settsu Province (the Hanshin area) and the northern part of Nara City.

• このような物の交流は各地で起こっているが、これが現在の名産物になっている地域も多い。
• Exchange of products of this kind occurred all around the country, and in many regions these transferred products became present-day local speciality.

• 同志社創立125周年を記念して「キリスト教主義教育・国際交流」を目的に作られた施設。
• It is a venue for 'Christian education and international exchange,' having been constructed as a project to commemorate the Doshisha's 125th anniversary.

• 子孫は数代に渡って尾張の豪族として存続、義円の兄阿野全成後裔の阿野氏とも交流がある。
• His descendents survived for generations as a local ruling family, maintaining the contact with the Ano clan, the descendant of Gien's elder brother Zenjo Ano.

• 固体電気絶縁材料−絶縁破壊の強さの試験方法−第１部：商用周波数交流電圧印加による試験
• Solid electrical insulating materials-Test methods for electric strength-Part 1: Tests at power frequencies

• ランプ制御装置−第２−２部：直流又は交流電源用低電圧電球用電子トランスの個別要求事項
• Lamp control gear-Part 2-2: Particular requirements for d.c. or a.c. supplied electronic step-down convertors for filament lamps

• ツンベリーとの交流より、その『日本旅行記』に名が記され、西洋にも知られるようになる。
• Thunberg wrote about Junan in his itinerary of Japan (called 'Nihon Ryoko-ki' in Japan); therefore, Junan became known in Europe.

• また、柿本人麻呂歌集に、親王に献上された5首の歌が残されており、交流の跡が偲ばれる。
• KAKINOMOTO no Hitomaro's Collection includes five poems dedicated to Imperial Prince Toneri as reminders of their friendship.

• 匡衡は一条天皇期に文人として活躍し、藤原道長・藤原行成・藤原公任などと交流があった。
• He was active as a man of literature in the Emperor Ichijo's era and interacted with FUJIWARA no Michinaga, FUJIWARA no Yukinari, FUJIWARA no Kinto, and others.

• 摂関家である近衛家や公家の三条西公条、武将の尼子晴久・三好長慶などとも交流があった。
• He had poetic exchanges with such people as members of the Konoeke clan which was part of the Sekkan-ke (line of regents and advisors), the court noble Kineda SANJONISHI, and the warlords Haruhisa AMAGO and Nagayoshi MIYOSHI.

• 様々な流儀で交流が行われ、槍術や剣術、柔術などで試合方法や試合道具が共通化していった。
• Various exchanges were made between different schools or styles, and the manners of a match or the tools for a match were being made common in sojutsu, kenjutsu, jujutsu, and so on.

• 近年、亀岡を舞台に盲導犬と人との交流を描いた映画『盲導犬クイールの一生』が製作された。
• 'Modoken Quill no Issho' (The life of Seeing-Eye Dog Quill), a movie depicting the interaction between a middle aged man and a guide dog set in Kameoka, was recently produced in Kameoka City.

• 東京移居後は皇族や天璋院や家達をはじめとした徳川一門など幅広い交流を持つようになった。
• After she started living in Tokyo, she socialized with a wide range of people such as Iesato of the Tokugawa family or other Imperial family or Tenshoin and so on.

• パーサくんと交流があり、サンガタウンへ京都サンガF.C.の練習を見学に行くこともある。
• She gets along with Pursa-kun and sometimes visits Sanga Town to see the Kyoto Sanga F.C. team's practices.

• 新選組幹部の沖田総司の義兄、沖田林太郎が組頭を務めているなど、新選組との交流もあった。
• They had a relationship with the Shinsengumi (Tokugawa shogunate police force located in Kyoto), because Rintaro OKITA, who was the headman of this group, was an elder brother-in-law of Soji OKITA, who was one of the senior members of the Shinsengumi.

• 内部は200人収容の「鬼の交流ホール」を中心とした回廊に展示スペースが設けられている。
• It houses 'Oni no Koryu Hall' at its center with a seating capacity of 200, and its surrounding corridor contains displays.

• 2006年（平成18年）9月24日 - 永原～近江塩津間を交流電化から直流電化に変更。
• September 24, 2006: The line between Nagahara Station and Omi-Shiotsu Station was changed from AC electrification to DC electrification.

• 環境安全保健機構、国際イノベーション機構、国際交流機構、情報環境機構、図書館機構設置。
• The Environment, Safety, and Health Organization, the International Innovation Center, the Organization for the Promotion of International Relations, the Institute for Information Management and Communication, and the Library Network were established.

• 重源と貞慶という鎌倉時代仏教界の高僧2人の交流を証するものとして史料的にも貴重である。
• The bell is extremely valuable as a historical source that verifies contact between Chogen and Jokei, two eminent monks of the Kamakura period.

• 字幕グループがもっと組織的に活動するようになって、ファンサブ屋たちの交流もはじまった。
• As subtitling groups became more organized, fansubbers began to talk to one another:

• 西園寺家と立命館大学の交流は現代も続いており大学の行事に西園寺家の人々が出席している。
• Exchange between the Saionji family and Ritsumeikan University still continues to this day, and members of the Saionji family attend events at the university.

• 隠居後は静岡市の慶喜との往来も盛んで、一緒に写真撮影や狩猟に出かけるなど交流を深めた。
• After the retirement, he frequently traveled to Yoshinobu in Shizuoka City and deepened the relationship through taking photos and going hunting together.

• 親王・摂家・武士・文人の間に広く交流を持ち、特に松永貞徳や小堀遠州との交流が深かった。
• He enjoyed interactions with literati, members of the warrior class, nobles of the regent and advisor families, and even Imperial princes, while his relationships with Teitoku MATSUNAGA and Enshu KOBORI were especially close.

• 日本人を中心とした各国の移民たちの交流の中で形成されていった料理であると考えられている。
• This suggests that the Saimin noodle dish was designed and modified in the course of exchange among immigrants from each country centering on Japanese.

• 江戸から発生し、商人などの全国的交流や、出版・教育の普及によって各地に伝えられていった。
• Kasei culture arose in Edo (old Tokyo) and spread to various places along with the nationwide communications among merchants and dissemination of publishing and education.

• やがて各流派はお互いに排他的姿勢を見せるようになり、流派間の交流や共演は消滅していった。
• However, before long, because each sect came to present its own exclusive posture, the exchange and co-starring between sects disappeared.

• 俳諧をよくして俳人宝井其角と交流があり、これをもととして「松浦の太鼓」の外伝が作られた。
• He excelled at Haikai (humorous renga poetry) and mixed with Kikaku TAKARAI, a haiku poet, on the basis of which the side story of 'Matsura no Taiko' (The drum in Matsura) was produced.

• 当然幕府高官、特に太田時連ら文士との交流はそれ以降かなり密になったと思われるからである。
• Naturally, since then he seems to have become familiar with the high officials of bakufu, especially men of letters like Tokitsura OTA.

• それらの部族が交流するにしたがって各部族の神が習合し、それによって変容するようになった。
• Interaction among the tribes brought about the fusion of each of the tribal kami, whereby the Kami were metamorphosized.

• 超電導—交流損失試験方法—磁力計法によるニオブ‐チタン複合超電導線のヒステリシス損失測定
• Superconductivity-AC loss measurements-Magnetometer methods for hysteresis loss in Cu/Nb-Ti multifilamentary composites

• ランプ制御装置−第２−１３部：直流又は交流電源用ＬＥＤモジュール用制御装置の個別要求事項
• Lamp control gear-Part 2-13: Particular requirements for d.c. or a.c. supplied electronic control gear for LED modules

• 低抵抗・高インダクタンスのコイルで電子回路で直流電流を通し交流電流を薄めるのに用いられる
• a coil of low resistance and high inductance used in electrical circuits to pass direct current and attenuate alternating current

• 9世紀に中国で臨済義玄と交流のあった普化を始祖とするため、臨済宗（禅宗）の一派ともされる。
• Because Fuke who had friendship with Rinzai Gigen in China in the ninth century is regarded as the progenitor, Fuke sect is also thought to be a school of Rinzai sect (Zen).

• 中国では老子を開祖とする道教との交流が多かったと思われ、老子の教えと中国禅の共通点は多い。
• In China, it seems that Chinese Zen often exchanged with Taoism founded by Lao-tze, so that there are many common points between them.

• また、修習生の育成が進むと、俗人官僚の方技が増え更に自由な人事交流がなされるようになった。
• Further, as training progressed, the number of hogi who were bureaucrats from the secular class increased and personnel exchanges began to take place more freely.

• 父とともに紀貫之との親交で知られている他、伊勢 (歌人)・大輔 (歌人)とも交流があった。
• It is known that he, as well as his father, was intimate with KI no Tsurayuki, and he had relationships with Ise (a poet) and Taifu (a poet) as well.

• 以後子規との交流は、漱石がイギリス留学中の明治35年（1902年）に子規が没するまで続く。
• Thereafter, the relationship lasted until Shiki died in 1902 when Soseki was studying in England.

• また、沖縄独自のアイデンティティーと国際交流の象徴として、「御座楽」を見直す風潮も出てきた。
• Also, there is a trend to look again at 'Uzagaku' as a symbol of Okinawa's unique identity and international exchange.

• 当時朝鮮は清の冊封国であったが、鎖国政策を国是としていたため、国際交流は非常に限られていた。
• At that time Korea was a tributary state of the Qing dynasty, but as its national policy was seclusionism, it had diplomatic relations with very limited countries.

• このように、院をはじめとする貴族社会と武士・庶民の間の文化交流にはかなりの広がりが見られた。
• Thus, cultural exchanges between noble society including In and samurai, the common people spread widely.

• 上津屋橋の八幡市側には、やわた流れ橋交流プラザという施設があって、食事や入浴、宿泊も出来る。
• At the side of this bridge in Yawata City, a facility 'Yawata Nagarebashi Community Plaza' provides a restaurant, a communal bath, and accommodation as well.

• 「株式会社けいはんな」を「文化学術研究交流施設を整備する株式会社」として内閣総理大臣が指定。
• The Prime Minister has appointed Keihanna Interaction Plaza Incorporated as 'a company that manages a cultural and research interaction facility.'

• その一方で、孝景は、連歌・和歌などに親しみ、歌僧正徹、連歌師飯尾宗祇などと交流を持っていた。
• On the other hand, Takakage enjoyed renga (linked verse), waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables), etc. and was in touch with poet-monk, Shotetsu, renga poet, Sogi IIO, etc.

• 位相角において異なること以外は同じ頻度の2つ以上の交流電圧を使うか、発生させる電気システムの
• of an electrical system that uses or generates two or more alternating voltages of the same frequency but differing in phase angle

• 皆川淇園・龍草廬・岡崎盧門・韓天寿・高芙蓉など当時の著名な儒学者・漢文学者との交流があった。
• He had relationships with famous Confucian scholars and Chinese classical literary persons in those days including Kien MINAGAWA, Soro RYU, Romon OKAZAKI, Tenju KAN and Fuyo KO.

• 大坂の木村兼葭堂や紀州の先輩 桑山玉州とも親しく交流し画業の研鑽に励み、名を成すようになる。
• He closely associated with Kenkado KIMURA in Osaka and Gyokushu KUWAYAMA in Kishu who was his senior, devoted himself to his painting and became famous.

• 僧侶だけではなく、一条兼良・冷泉政為などの公家や、細川成之、東常和などの武家と広く交流した。
• He was acquainted with not only Buddhist monks but also court nobles, such as Kaneyoshi ICHIJO and Masatame REIZEI, and samurai, such as Shigeyuki HOSOKAWA and TO no Tsunekazu.

• その頃から諸藩の志士と交流し、安政5年（1857年）藩に戻ると、明倫館都講本役に任ぜられた。
• Around that time Tamaki began to get to know men of noble ideals in many domains, and was appointed the head student in Meirinkan when he returned to the domain in 1857.

• また詩文結社混沌詩社に参加し、盟主片山北海・木村蒹葭堂・葛子琴ら大坂の文人との交流を深める。
• Also, he joined a prose and poetry association Kontonshisha and had close relationships with literary men in Osaka such as the leader Hokkai KATAYAMA, Kenkado KIMURA and Shikin KATSU.

• 万国博覧会では諸国首脳と交流を深めたが、近世日本と欧州各国列強との交流の始まりと認められる。
• He had and deepened relationship with leaders from various countries at the exposition, which is considered to have been the beginning of the relationship between modern Japan and the powerful countries in Europe.

• 武者修行の流行とともに全国的に各流派の交流、試合が盛んになり、素手の乱捕用の技が作られ始めた。
• As the knight-errantry became popular, exchanges and matches between schools became active, and techniques for 'randori' (freestyle practice) done with bare hands began to be devised.

• 南宋との経済交流は蒙古襲来（元寇）へも影響し、南宋の滅亡後も延長として日元貿易が行われている。
• Japan's economic exchange with Southern Sung affected the Mongolian invasion attempts against Japan, and the trade between Japan and Yuan Dynasty was done even after the fall of Southern Dynasty as the extension of the trade.

• ここで言う霊とは死後の霊といった意味ではなく、三位一体の神の位格の一つ聖霊との交流を意味する。
• The spirit mentioned here does not mean spirits of the dead but instead means the interaction with the Spirit, one of the Holy Trinity.

• このMOJO WESTを機に、西部講堂と学外のグループ、個人との交流がさらに広がることになる。
• MOJO WEST led to expand exchanges between external students and individuals at the Seibu-Kodo Hall.

• ランプ制御装置−第２−１２部：直流又は交流電源用放電灯電子安定器の個別要求事項（蛍光灯を除く）
• Lamp control gear Part 2-12: Particular requirements for d.c. or a.c. supplied electronic ballasts for discharge lamps (excluding fluorescent lamps)

• 文久3年（1863年）、藩主徳川慶篤に従って神官同盟として上洛し、諸藩の志士達と交流を深めた。
• In 1863, he went to the capital (Kyoto) following the lord of domain Yoshiatsu TOKUGAWA as a member of the Shinkan-domei, and deepened a friendly tie with loyal supporters in various domains.

• 泰子もそれに応え、長姉として頼長をよく庇護し、鳥羽院と忠実・頼長父子の交流の絆となるよう勤めた。
• Taishi responded to Tadazane's request, she supported Yorinaga very well as his older sister, she also tried to become the key connection between Toba in and father and son, Tadazane and Yorinaga.

• 11月21日 - 最後の協議会に当たる第12回合併協議会が園部町の園部国際交流会館で開催される。
• November 21: Held the twelfth Council Meeting on Merger equivalent to the final council meeting at the Sonobe International Community House in Sonobe-cho

• そのほかにも池大雅の詩文の師であり、菅茶山、高芙蓉、葛子琴、篠崎三島らとの交流が伝えられている。
• He was also the master of poetry for Taiga IKENO and had an association with Chazan KAN, Fuyo KO, Shikin KATSU and Santo SHINOZAKI.

• 1950年代に日本の左傾化を恐れた米広報文化交流局が日本で行った世論工作を詳述した報告書だった。
• This record reveals the information manipulation activities conducted in Japan during the 1950's by the U.S. Information Service (USIS) which was concerned over the influence of communism on Japan.

• 江戸時代、鎖国令によって海外との交流は禁止され、オランダ一国だけが長崎出島で貿易を許されていた。
• During Edo period, exchanges with foreign countries were prohibited by the ordinance of national isolation and only the Netherlands was permitted to do trade in Dejima of Nagasaki.

• ただし、近江の豪族・毛野と筑紫の豪族・磐井との間に、それ以前に交流があったかどうかは不明である。
• But it remains unclear whether up until this point the Kena, the powerful family that ruled Omi, had actually had any interactions with the Iwai, the powerful family that controlled Tsukushi.

• その後、日本棋院棋士との交流手合もあり、また棋院への復帰運動もあったが、瓊韻社にとどまり続けた。
• After that, there were exchange matches with kishi of Nihon Ki-in, and also a return movement to Nihon Ki-in, however, he remained in Keiin-sha.

• また、それとは別に柿本人麻呂歌集にこの皇子に献上された歌が5首残されており、交流の跡が偲ばれる。
• In addition, KAKINOMOTO no Hitomaro's Collection includes five poems that Hitomaro dedicated to Prince Yuge as reminders of their friendship.

• 清に滞在中に胡鉄梅ら清の文人と交流し、また金石文などの古代の文字を見ることで、書に影響を受ける。
• While he was in Qing he formed friendship with Qing writers such as Kotetsubai, and furthermore, he became influenced in calligraphy by observing ancient writings such as the Kinsekibun (words written on metal or stones).

• またこのころ、横田商会やその後の日活で映画監督となる前、「千本座」時代の牧野省三と交流があった。
• It was also during this period that he met with Shozo MAKINO who was working at the Senbon-za Theatre before he going on to direct for the Yokota Shokai and Nikkatsu production companies.

• 清少納言との交流でも知られ、枕草子の中にもたびたび登場し、その艶やかな振る舞いを描写されている。
• He was also known for his exchanges with Sei Shonagon and frequently appeared in 'Makura no soshi' (The Pillow Book) which depicted his romantic episodes.

• しかし義政との交流は深く、この頃建設中の慈照寺（慈照寺）に頻繁に招かれて参考意見を求められている。
• However, he was so close to Yoshimasa that he was often invited to Jisho-ji Temple, which was then under construction, and his opinion was sought on various issues.

• 駅舎は南丹市日吉町の交流センターとの合築となっており、ホーム福知山寄りから構内踏切で繋がっている。
• The station building is shared with the Nantan City Hiyoshi-cho Exchange Center and can be accessed from the level crossing on the Fukuchiyama side of the platform.

• EP 用の装置と施設が、複数原子炉事象と長時間全交流電源喪失事象に対して十分であることを確認する。
• Ensure that EP equipment and facilities are sufficient for dealing with multiunit and prolonged SBO scenarios.

• 低圧開閉装置及び制御装置−第４−２部：接触器及びモータスタータ：交流半導体モータ制御器及びスタータ
• Low-voltage switchgear and control gear-Part 4-2: Contractors and motor-starters-AC semiconductor motor controllers and starters

• また出生地の中町は韓天寿が養子に入った中川家とは同じ町内であり、この地縁が後の交流に繋がっている。
• The calligrapher Tenju KAN was adopted by the Nakagawa family, who were Goshin's neighbors in Nakamachi, and this is one reason for Goshin and Tenju's later friendship.

• その後朝鮮儒者姜沆（きょうこう）との交流を経て、<下セル参照＞を体系化して京学派として独立させた。
• Later, after interaction with the Korean Confucian Hang KANG, he spun Confucianism off as the Kyogaku-ha School by systematizing it.

• 法興王の時代に公認された後は、南朝梁との交流もあり、国家主導の仏教振興策がとられるようになっていた。
• After it was officially admitted in the era of King Hoko, Buddhism promotion policy was implemented by the nation combined with exchange with the Liang of the Southern Dynasty.

• 現代の箏は伝統的な流派の伝承（草の根の稽古も含む）はもちろん、クラシック音楽との交流も行われている。
• Today, Soh is played not only by people belonging to traditional schools (including those who are learning) but also in collaboration with classical musicians.

• これは、前代と一線を画すような文化交流の増大を意味し、その裏に政治的統一の進展を見る説が有力である。
• This strongly supports the theory that there was dramatic growth of cultural exchange unheard of in the previous age, behind which advances were made in political unification.

• 今井まちなみ交流センター「華甍（はないらか）」 （県指定文化財） - 今井町に関する資料を展示する。
• Imai Machinami Exchange Center 'Hanairaka' (prefectural cultural property): Materials on Imai town are exhibited.

• 以後も家俊は領国と京都を往復して有力公家と婚姻を結んだり、冷泉為広らと和歌を通じた交流を行っている。
• Afterwards, Ietoshi shuttled between his fiefdom and Kyoto, where he had his daughters married to powerful nobility and became acquainted with Tamehiro REIZEI and others through waka (Japanese poetry).

• 島津義久は幽斎から直接古今伝授を受けようとした一人であり、幽斎が義昭に仕えていた頃から交流があった。
• Yoshihisa SHIMAZU, who had known Yusai since the days of his service to Yoshiaki, was one of those who tried to receive the Kokin Denju from Yusai in person.

• また栄夫の弟で八世観世銕之丞となった観世静夫も、この時期の他流との交流開始の衝撃の大きさを語っている。
• Even Hideo's younger brother Shizuo KANZE, who became Tetsunojo KANZE VIII, talked a lots about the big impact of beginning exchanges with other sects of the time.
• Shizuo KANZE, who was the younger brother of Hideo, who became Tetsunojo KANZE Ⅷ, also mentioned about the depth of shock caused by the exchange with other schools which took place at that time.

• これに対し、村田珠光が茶会での博打や飲酒を禁止し、亭主と客との精神交流を重視する茶会のあり方を説いた。
• On the other hand, Juko MURATA forbid gambling and alcohol drinking at tea parties, and lectured on the importance of spiritual relationships between the host and the guest.

• ちょうどメキシコも、東アジアとの貿易の為に日本、または清と交流を持ちたいと思っていた矢先のことだった。
• Mexico was also considering having a diplomatic exchange with Japan or Qing to start international trading with East Asia.

• 後、元朝によって南宋が亡ぼされた結果、南北中国の交流が始まり、朱子学は漸く華北にも地歩を築くに至った。
• Later, when the Yuan Dynasty defeated the Southern Song Dynasty, relations developed between northern and southern China and Shushigaku began expanding into northern China.

• 町内（および周辺域）で「横受け」と呼ばれる業務連携が定着しており、会社の枠を超えた人的交流が見られる。
• A business alliance called 'Yokouke' is standard fare in the town (and surrounding area), and interaction of people between that of the local industries can be seen.

• その他に大田南畝、菊池五山、宋紫石、渡辺玄対、同じく文人大名で知られる福知山藩朽木昌綱などと交流した。
• In addition, he had interactions with Nanbo OTA, Gozan KIKUCHI, Shiseki SO, Gentai WATANABE, and Masatsuna KUTSUKI of the Fukuchiyama Domain known as a literati daimyo.

• 現世と冥土を行き来して閻魔王とも交流したという伝承のある小野篁（802年 - 853年）を開基とする。
• Injo-ji Temple was founded by the kaiki (founding priest) ONO no Takamura (802-853) who legend says travelled between this world and the underworld and interacted with Enma-o.

• これにより、オペレーターは、交流電源の復旧と対処期間の延長のために必要な機器の配置と操作に集中できる。
• This would enable the operators to focus on actions needed to restore ac power and to deploy and operate equipment to be used for the extended coping period.

• 出奔後は京都で浪人生活を送りながら、里村紹巴・里村昌叱父子や九条稙道・古田重然ら多数の文人と交流した。
• After leaving the family, while leading the life of a ronin in Kyoto, he interacted with a large number of writers such as the father and son, Joha and Shoshitsu SATOMURA, Tanemichi KUJO, and Shigeteru FURUTA.

• 俊恵・藤原敦頼・小侍従・西行といった同時代の歌人との交流があり、『千載和歌集』以下の勅撰和歌集に入集。
• He interacted with poets of the period, including Shune, FUJIWARA no Atsuyori, Kojiju, and Saigyo, and his poems are included in 'Senzai Wakashu' (Collection of Japanese Poems of a Thousand Years) and the subsequent Chokusen wakashu (anthology of Japanese poetry compiled by Imperial command).

• 江戸時代、鎖国の世にも長崎を通じて中国との交流は続き、儒学者などの間には中国崇拝の風潮が強く残っていた。
• In the Edo period, exchanges with China continued through Nagasaki even in the state of national isolation, and strong trends to admire China remained among Confucian scholars.

• 郷土料理を、都市と農村との交流、地域活性化につなげようという試みで農山漁村の郷土料理百選として発表した。
• This effort aims to use local dishes to foster exchange between urban and rural areas and revitalize regional communities, and the ministry announced this plan as 'the top 100 rural culinary dishes'.

• 一つは、ごく限られた場面以外に外国との交流を断ったことで、日本独自の文化を形成できたとする肯定的なもの。
• One evaluation of 'national isolation' argues that, outside of exceptional cases, severing relations with foreign countries let Japan form its original culture.

• 古代より大陸との交流が盛んな所で近年の考古学的発掘によりこの地方に一大勢力があったことが確認されている。
• Areas on the Tango Peninsula have had close contact with the Asian continent since ancient times, and archaeological excavations in recent years have shown that powerful clans existed in the region.

• そのため、通信使の宿泊先には多くの日本の文人墨客が集まり、大いに交流がなされるという副産物をもたらした。
• Therefore, many Japanese writers and artists visited the places where Tsushinshi stayed, also generating the byproduct that cultural exchanges among peoples of the two nations were made actively.

• 官民共同出資の株式会社けいはんなが運営し、ラボ棟、スーパーラボ棟、交流棟の3つのビルから構成されている。
• Publicly and privately funded Keihanna Interaction Plaza Incorporated operates this facility, consisting of the Laboratory wing, the Super-laboratory wing, and the Interaction wing.

• しかし、同志社大学への推薦枠を持ち、中学校・高等学校間で交流が行われているため、便宜上、ここにまとめる。
• However, the school has quotas for recommendation to Doshisha University, and the Junior & Senior High Schools mingle with Doshisha Junior & Senior High Schools, so it was written here for reference.

• ミニ新幹線である山形新幹線と秋田新幹線は、改軌前より50Hz・20,000V交流電化された区間であった。
• Even before the gauge was changed, 50 Hz, 20,000 VAC power supplies were used in the Yamagata Shinkansen line and the Akita Shinkansen line, both mini-Shinkansens.

• 低圧開閉装置及び制御装置−第４−３部：接触器及びモータスタータ：非モータ負荷用交流半導体制御器及び接触器
• Lamp control gear Part 2-12: Particular requirements for d.c. or a.c. supplied electronic ballasts for discharge lamps (excluding fluorescent lamps)

• 1977年11月、ロサンゼルスの C/FO メンバーたちは、全米の他の日本アニメファンと交流を開始した。
• In November 1977, fans from the C/FO in LA started corresponding with other Japanese animation fans around the country.

• 金森重近（宗和）の実父であり道安と交流があったのは確かであるが、茶の湯の師は古田重然であったともされる。
• He was the biological father of Shigechika KANAMORI (also known as Sowa KANAMORI), and while his exchange with Doan is for certain, some suggest his tea ceremony teacher was actually Shigenari FURUTA.

• その間、『武徳大成記』をはじめとした幕府の編纂事業にたずさわり、林鳳岡や林門の儒家たちとも交流している。
• Meanwhile, he was involved in the compilation business of the shogunate, including 'Butoku taiseiki', and exchanged knowledge with Hoko HAYASHI and Confucianists of the HAYASHI style.

• 豊信は福井藩主・松平春嶽、宇和島藩主・伊達宗城、薩摩藩主・島津斉彬とも交流を持ち幕末の四賢侯と称された。
• Toyoshige had interactions with Shungaku MATSUDAIRA (the lord of Fukui Domain), Munenari DATE (the lord of Uwajima Domain) and Nariakira SHIMAZU (the lord of Satsuma Domain), and these four lords including Toyoshige were called Bakumatsu no shikenko (the four remarkable daimyos of the end of the Edo period).

• その結果、今まで付き合いのあった留学生との交流も疎遠になったため、「夏目、精神を病む」という噂が流れる。
• During that period, Soseki kept his associations with the other Japanese students in England to a minimum, and reputed to be 'suffered from mental disorder' among them.

• これらの伝説にちなみ、大江山の山麓にあった廃坑となった銅鉱山跡に1993年日本の鬼の交流博物館が作られた。
• The Japan Ogre Exchange Museum was built on the site of an abandoned copper mine at the foot of Mt. Oe in 1993 after these legends.

• 鉄道車両−電力変換装置及び交流電動機の組合せ試験−第２部：コンバータ・インバータ方式（中間直流リンクあり）
• Rolling stock-Combined testing of power convertor with ac motors-Part 2 : Convertor-inverter system with intermediate dc link

• 京都大学との交流戦を観戦し、「初心者にしか見えない学生が鼻血を出しながら立ち向かう姿が愛しい」と興奮した。
• Watching a friendly match against Kyoto University, he was thrilled because 'it is wonderful that students who are apparently beginners fight while their noses are bleeding.'

• また鷹狩を好み、馬術にも優れるなど、武の道においても一目置かれる存在であり、平忠盛ら武人とも広く交流した。
• As he was fond of falconry and also superior at equestrian art, he was acknowledged by people in martial arts, and he broadly exchanged with bujin (warriors) such as TAIRA no Tadamori.

• 能因や相模 (歌人)、出羽弁といった歌人達と交流があり、江侍従との間には一女（左大臣家少輔）を儲けている。
• He had exchanges with poets such as Noin, Sagami (a waka poet), and Idewa no ben, and even had a daughter (Shoyu of the House of the Minister of the Left) with Gonojijyu.

• 画人では円山・四条派の円山応挙、岸駒、松村呉春等と、文人では漢詩人菅茶山や六如等と生涯を通じ交流があった。
• During his lifetime, Hakyo socialized with many painters such as Okyo MARUYAMA, Ganku, and Goshun MATSUMURA etc. from Maruyama-Shijo School, and literary men, Chazan KAN, and Rikunyo etc. who were composers of Chinese poems.

• このように明治に入って清人の碑学派との交流により、北碑の書などを中心にこの碑学派に走る新しい思潮が生まれた。
• In this way, through interaction with persons in the monument school in Qing, a new trend of advocating the monument school, centered on calligraphy on inscriptions on monuments in the Northern Wei period, was generated.

• 江戸時代は東西の歌舞伎交流が盛んに行われ、上方風の演出が数多く江戸にもたらされ江戸歌舞伎の栄養源ともなった。
• In the Edo Period there was an active exchange between Kabuki in eastern and western Japan, and many of the Kamigata-style stagings were brought to Edo and used as a source of nourishment for Edo Kabuki.

• 菅坂バイパスの開通により、冬期の通行規制が飛躍的に緩和され、両都市間の交流が更に促進されることが期待される。
• Sugasaka Bypass is expected to promote exchanges between the two cities, by alleviating the conventional traffic regulations in winter drastically.

• 幕府により大名の大幅な配置換えが実施された江戸時代は、同時に日本中で活発な文化交流が行われた時代でもあった。
• The Edo period when the shogunate government implemented a drastic relocation of feudal lords (daimyo) was also an era of active cultural exchange throughout Japan.

• ラボ棟には研究施設、郵便局などがあり、交流棟には｢けいはんなプラザホテル｣や、レストラン、住友ホールがある。
• The Laboratory wing houses research facilities and a post office; the Interaction wing contains Keihanna Plaza Hotel, restaurants and Sumitomo Hall.

• まず、オランダ商館医官と日本人医師との交流の仲介にあたった、オランダ通詞を祖とするオランダ流外科が成立した。
• Firstly, the Dutch-school surgery was founded by interpreters who served as an intermediary between Dutch Trading Post's medical officers and Japanese doctors.

• 前述のとおり若くして絵画に傾倒したため廃嫡され、以後画家・美術品収集家として過ごし、岸田劉生とも交流を持った。
• As mentioned above, since he devoted himself to painting when he was young, he lost his right to inheritance, and thereafter he lived as a painter and art collector and was on close terms with Ryusei KISHIDA.

• 一方で九条兼実と頻繁に交流し、その子良円を託されて弟子とするなど、慈円らとともに九条家の宗教的護持にあたった。
• He mixed with Kanezane KUJO very often, who entrusted his son Ryoen to Shinen as a disciple, and offered religious support to the Kujo family with Jien and others.

• 平安時代と江戸時代に日本は外国との交流を絶ったが、この時期に日本独自の文化が顕著に熟成されたという特徴がある。
• Although Japan discontinued exchanges with foreign countries in the Heian period and in the Edo period, one characteristic is that a culture specific to Japan was prominently matured in these periods.

• 中国や朝鮮半島諸国との通交・人的交流などにより技術や文化を持った多くの人々が渡来し、ヤマト（倭国）へ貢献した。
• Many people who were engaged in technology or cultural activities came over from China and the Korean Peninsula through trade and interaction, contributing to the development of Yamato (Wakoku).

• この交流は朝貢貿易の形態を取ったため、渤海からの貢物に対して、日本側では数倍の回賜でもって応える義務が生じた。
• Due to the exchanges being in the form of a tribute trade, Japan was obligated to send return gifts of several times more value after receiving tributes from Bokkai.

• 電子機器用固定コンデンサ−第１７部：品種別通則：固定メタライズドポリプロピレンフィルム交流及びパルスコンデンサ
• Fixed capacitors for use in electronic equipment - Part 17: Sectional specification: Fixed metalized polypropylene film dielectric a.c. and pulse capacitors

• 藩主島津斉彬の藩政改革のもと、大坂藩邸留守居役など、諸藩の志士との交流を重ね、若手改革派の一人として活躍する。
• During reformation of domain duties by Nariakira SHIMAZU, lord of the domain, Tomozane forged close ties with royalists of other domains, as a rusuiyaku (a person representing the master during his absence) of Ozaka hantei (a residence of the domain in Ozaka [Osaka] maintained by daimyo), thus playing an active role as a younger reformist.

• 後宮の女房など女性たちが「かな」を使用したため、その女性たちと交流を持つ男性官人も「かな」を使うようになった。
• Because women such as court ladies in Kokyu (Empress's residence) used 'kana,' male government officials who had contacts with them also came to use 'kana.'

• また、公家茶道に通じた茶人であり、『槐記』に見られるように、自ら茶事をおこない、侘び茶人との交流でも知られる。
• He was also a master of the courtly tea ceremony and the 'Kaiki' records that he performed the ceremony himself and was known for his interaction with 'wabi' tea masters.

• 文久3年（1863年）以後は藩命により京都へ上り、尊攘派の牙城であった長州藩はじめ諸藩の勤王の志士と交流する。
• In 1863, he went up to Kyoto under the order of the domain, and after that, he associated with Kinno no shishi (patriots with reverence for the Emperor) of the domains such as Choshu Domain which was the stronghold of Sonjo-ha party (people supporting the principle of 'Sonno Joi' advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners).

• 第二次世界大戦後は、姉妹都市間の交流の一環などとして新たに日本人作庭家の設計による日本庭園が作られることがある。
• After the World War II, as part of cultural exchanges between sister cities, sometimes Nihon teiens are newly designed by Japanese landscape gardeners.

• 鎌倉時代に入ると、遣唐使を廃止して以来、途絶えていた大陸との交流が開始され、宋 (王朝)との交易が盛んとなった。
• During the Kamakura period, the intercommunication with China which was interrupted since the abolishment of Kentoshi (Japanese envoy to China in the Tang Dynasty) began and trade with the Sung (dynasty) became active.

• 施設の緊急事態対応計画が長時間の全交流電源喪失と複数ユニットの同時事故に対応する内容を含むことを規制要件化する。
• The NRC require that facility emergency plans address prolonged station blackout and multiunit events.

• 1862年（文久2年）、再び日本を訪れたモンブランは横浜に滞在し、公使のデュシェーヌ・ド・ベルクールと交流する。
• In 1862 Montblanc again visited Japan and stayed in Yokohama, where he got to know the minister Duchesne de Bellecour,

• また江岑は新院後西天皇より宸翰を拝領したり、東福門院より御作の香合を拝領したりと、御所や公卿らとの交流も深かった。
• Additionally, KOSHIN received a writing of the newly retired Emperor Gosai and the kogo (an incense container) made by Tofukumonin from herself, having close ties with the Imperial Palace and court nobles.

• この頃は、各ムラどうしとの人や物資の交流はあるものの、整備の行き届いた交通路（＝街道）の概念はなかったと思われる。
• During this time, people and goods were allowed to travel between regions, yet there was no notion of developing a well-equipped traffic route (Kaido).

• テキサスは「南部のカウボーイ州」として知られているかもしれませんが、戦争と異文化交流の長く興味深い歴史もあります。
• You might know Texas as "that cowboy state down south," but there is a long and fascinating history of wars and cultural interactions in Texas as well!

• かつて日本とも交流のあった高句麗は668年唐・新羅連合軍に滅ぼされていたが、その遺民が再び国を起こしたのであった。
• Koguryo, which had cultural exchanges with Japan, was defeated by the Silla-Tang allied forces in 668; however, the surviving people established the country again.

• 中でも前野良沢・杉田玄白らとの交流は深く、2人が携わった『解体新書』に耕牛は序文を寄せ、両者の功労を賞賛している。
• Kogyu (Yoshio) had close relations with Ryotaku MAENO and Genpaku SUGITA among others, and praised their achievements by contributing a foreword for their book 'Kaitai Shinsho' (New Book of Anatomy).

• 超電導−交流損失試験方法−ピックアップコイル法による液体ヘリウム温度・交流横磁界中の円断面超電導線の全交流損失測定
• Superconductivity-AC loss measurements-Total AC loss measurement of round superconducting wires exposed to a transverse alternating magnetic field at liquid helium temperature by a pickup coil method

• 歌舞伎が「古典芸能」扱いされるようになると、舞台と観客席との間のこのような遊戯的即興的な交流はおこなわれなくなった。
• Since Kabuki became classified in the category of 'classical art of theater,' no more improvising playgame-like communications between the stage and audience was performed.

• この間日本は新羅との関係が悪化し、朝鮮半島をめぐる地域情勢が不安定になると日本は渤海 (国)との交流を深めていった。
• During this period, the relationship between Japan and Silla worsened, causing Japan to deepen their exchanges with Bo Hai (kingdom in Manchuria and North Korea).

• 本願寺の僧侶の中では、軍事よりも政治や文化方面に通じており、堺の商人たちとも茶会などから交流があったといわれている。
• It is said that he was familiar with politics and cultural affairs rather than military affairs among the priests of Hongwan-ji Temple's, and that he communicated with the merchants of Sakai through tea parties and so on.

• 長期的検討事項として、長時間の全電源交流喪失と複数ユニットの同時事故に対する追加的な EP の必要性につき検討する。
• As part of the longer term review, that the NRC pursue additional emergency preparedness topics related to multiunit events and prolonged station blackout.

• また勤皇活動に熱心で水戸藩家老　安島帯刀や薩摩藩藩士　西郷隆盛、勤王僧　月照、梅田雲浜などの勤王家と盛んに交流した。
• In addition, being also enthusiastic about activities for supporting Emperor, she had intimate relationships with persons royal to Emperor, such as Tatewaki AJIMA, Karo (chief retainer) of the Mito Domain, Takamori SAIGO, a retainer of the Satsuma Domain, Gessho, a priest royal to Emperor and Unpin UMEDA.

• 権大納言勧修寺晴豊の第六子で鹿苑寺住持の鳳林承章の日記『隔蓂記』では、算知を初めとした碁打ちとの交流が記されている。
• In 'Kakumeiki,' which is the diary of Horin Josho who was the sixth child of Harutoyo KAJUJI (Gon Dainagon, a provisional chief councilor of state) and the chief priest of the Rokuon-ji Temple, he wrote of the exchanges with go players including Sanchi.

• 愛媛県は瀬戸内海を挟んだ広島県との古くからの交流の影響もあり、広島風お好み焼きを提供する店舗も近年は増加してきている。
• In Ehime Prefecture, which has interacted with Hiroshima Prefecture across the Seto Inland Sea from long ago, the shops which serve Hiroshimafu-okonomiyaki have increased recently.

• また、長崎鳴滝に西洋医術の塾を開いたシーボルトのもとに多数の日本人が修学するなど西洋人と日本人との交流は盛んであった。
• Additionally, Japanese and Western people made exchanges with each other, such as the many Japanese who received an education from Siebold who opened a school of Western medicine at Narutaki, Nagasaki.

• 1989年（平成元年）1月 関西文化学術研究都市推進機構が「文化学術研究交流施設の具体化に関する調査」結果をまとめる。
• January 1989: Kansai Research Institute completed the 'Survey of the Embodiment of a Cultural and Research Interaction Facility.'

• 西洋建築の技術にも刺激され、大工道具の質も上がり、職人の交流も活発になったことなどで、建築の質は全体に向上していった。
• Affected by technologies in European architecture, carpenters' tools had been improved and craftsmen had interacted with each other actively, improving the quality of buildings as a whole.

• 1506年（永正3年）遣明使の正使に任じられて1511年（永正8年）明に渡り、貿易品の価格交渉や文人との交流を行った。
• He was appointed as the senior envoy of Kenminshi (Japanese envoys to Ming Dynasty China) in 1506 and in 1511, he went to Ming and was involved in the price negotiation of trade products while exchanging with cultured persons there.

• その後上洛して連歌師の里村紹巴と交流し、また公家三条西公条・三条西実澄から源氏物語、伊勢物語、古今和歌集などを学んだ。
• Joa subsequently went to Kyoto where he developed a relationship with the renga (linked-verse) poet Joha SATOMURA and studied various literary classics including Genji Monogatari (the Tale of Genji), Ise Monogatari (the Tale of Ise) and Kokin Wakashu (Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) under the court nobles Kineda SANJONISHI and Sanezumi SANJONISHI.

• また西山本門寺の過去帳には越後本成寺の9代日覚の名が記されていることから、両寺には互いに交流があったものと推測される。
• Also, since there is the name of Nichikaku recorded on the family register of deaths in Nishiyama Honmon-ji Temple, it is supposed that both temples had exchanges with each other.

• 一方、北陸線も交流電化のためローカル列車の本数も少なく、湖北と大津や京阪神間の移動には米原での乗り換えが必要であった。
• Meanwhile, the Hokuriku Line was AC-electrified and operated with a few local trains; passengers were required to change trains at Maibara Station in order to transfer from the Kohoku area, the northern coastal area of Lake Biwa, to Otsu Station or the Keihanshin area.

• ついで大坂生玉（いくたま）の曼陀羅院の住持となり、その間下河辺長流と交流するが、俗務を嫌い畿内を遍歴して高野山に戻る。
• After becoming an Ajari, Keichu became a Juji (chief priest) of Mandara-in Temple in Ikutama, Ozaka, where he interacted with Choryu SHIMOKOBE, but Keichu, who disliked secular affairs, went on pilgrimage within Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara) as he went back to Mt. Koya.

• 藤原長能（ふじわらのながとう）に師事し、大江嘉言（おおえのよしとき）・源道済（みなもとのみちなり）などと交流している。
• He studied under FUJIWARA no Nagato, and had friendships with OE no Yoshitoki, MINAMOTO no Michinari, and so on.

• その子十六代目吉左衛門住友友成はアララギ派の歌人でもあり、斉藤茂吉、川田順（住友本社の重役でもあった）とも交流があった。
• Tomoito's son, the sixteenth-generation kichizaemon Tomonari SUMITOMO, was also a Araragi-ha poet and was on close terms with Mokichi SAITO and Jun KAWADA (who was also an executive at the Sumitomo main office).

• なお、この時期にこうした交流の場となった能舞台としては多摩川能舞台（現在は銕仙会能楽研修所に移築）などが挙げられている。
• Tamagawa Noh Stage (Tamagawa-no-butai) was an example of such an exchange type Noh stage at the time (The building was moved and reconstructed as Tessenkai Noh Theatre [Tessenkai Nohgaku Kenkyujo] now).
• One of the Noh stages where such exchanges took place at the time was Tamagawa Noh stage (it is now located at Tessankai Nohgaku Kenshujo).

• 機械類の安全性−機械の電気装置−第１１部：交流１０００Ｖ又は直流１５００Ｖを超え３６ｋＶ以下の高電圧装置に対する要求事項
• Safety of machinery-Electrical equipment of machines-Part 11 : Requirements for HV equipment for voltages above 1000V a.c. or 1500V d.c. and not exceeding 36kV

• 蔵書家の中川得楼の知遇を得て出入りを繰り返すうちに、山中共古、林若樹、内田魯庵、幸田成友、大野洒竹などとの交流が始まる。
• Taken under the wing of book collector Tokuro NAKAGAWA and visiting him frequently, MIMURA began to associate with Kyoko YAMANAKA, Wakaki HAYASHI, Roan UCHIDA, Shigetomo KODA, and Shachiku ONO.

• 「六人の会」主催の「大銀座落語祭」に参加する上方落語家が2008年現在114人に迄に達し、東西落語家の親睦交流が深まった。
• As of 2008, 114 Kamigata storytellers participated in 'The Great Ginza Rakugo Festival' held by 'the Rokuninnokai,' strengthening friendship between the eastern and western storytellers.

• しかし、山田宗有らの尽力による民間交流とはうらはらに、とうとうオスマン帝国が滅びるまで正式の国交が結ばれることはなかった。
• However, despite such civilian exchanges supported by Soyu YAMADA and others, formal diplomatic relations were not realized until the fall of the Ottoman Empire.

• 『枕草子』にも選子内親王と藤原定子の文の贈答の場面が見られるなど、宮中（とりわけ後宮）と斎院との文化交流の豊かさが伺える。
• The deep cultural relationship between Saiin and the Imperial Court (especially 'Kokyu' - the inner palace reserved for women) can be found in 'The Pillow Book' in a scene where Imperial Princess Senshi and FUJIWARA no Teishi exchange letters.

• 前年に行なわれた東京帝国大学とのスポーツ交流戦を雑誌部が試験的に報じたことを機に、大学新聞発行の機運が高まったことによる。
• This came about as publication of university press gathered momentum with the magazine division's experimental reporting of the sports interleague games against Tokyo Imperial University held the previous year.

• さらに、お年寄りが互いに交流し、アメリカの生活の中で何時までも積極的に参加していられるように、多くの団体が結成されている。
• In addition many groups have been formed so that the elderly can socialize with one another and remain active participants in American life.

• 土方家や近藤家、佐藤家と深い交流があり、明治7年に斎藤が死去すると、同家らによって八王子市大塚観音堂に顕彰碑が建てられた。
• He closely communicated with the Hijikata family, Kondo family, and Sato family, and when Saito died in 1874, the families built monument of honor in Otsuka Kannon Do in Hachioji City.

• この時期は算知は京都に居住しており、林門入斎とも交流があり、また在京の囲碁強豪法橋中西玄碩の子の玄悦を弟子にするなどした。
• In this period, Sanchi lived in Kyoto and had contact with Monnyusai HAYASHIand took on Genetsu, a son of Hokkyo (the third highest rank for Buddhist priests) Genseki NAKANISHI, who was a strong go player living also in Kyoto.

• 1959年、人種差別批判をテーマにした『キクとイサム』は、黒人との混血の姉弟と、彼らを引き取って育てる老婆の交流を描いた。
• In 'Kiku to Isamu' (Kiku and Isamu), a film including condemnation of racism as a theme, he portrayed the close interaction between the half Black and half Japanese sister and brother and the old woman who took in and raised them.

• 23歳で母の家業を継ぎ、夏目漱石をはじめ谷崎潤一郎、吉井勇など多くの文学者との交流し、『文学芸妓』と呼ばれるようになった。
• She took over her mother's business at the age of 23, and interacted with many literature scholars including Soseki NATSUME, Junichiro TANIZAKI, Isamu YOSHII; which was why she came to be called the 'Literature geisha.'

• また日本国際児童親善会を設立し、日本人形とアメリカの人形（青い目の人形）を交換するなどして、交流を深めることに尽力している。
• He also established Nihon Kokusai Jido Shinzenkai (Japan international goodwill association for children) and exchanged Japanese dolls and American dolls (doll with blue eyes) to promote exchanges.

• 明治７年(1874年)には、松浦武四郎との交流から北海道を旅し、アイヌの風俗を題材にした代表作「旧蝦夷風俗図」を描いている。
• In 1874, his relationship with Takeshiro MATSUURA took him to Hokkaido, where he created his masterpiece, Kyu-Ezo Fuzoku-zu, a painting depicting customs of the old Ezo region and expressing the life of the Ainu people.

• 他の神饌と同様の神と同じものを飲食するという意味のほか、酒に酔うことで非日常の境地に至り、神との交流を深めるという意味もある。
• This is based on the concept of eating and drinking the same food and drink as offered to the deity, as well as the belief that getting drunk to achieve an extraordinary state deepens exchanges with the deity.

• 貨幣経済の浸透や庶民の成長による地方都市の発達、遠隔地の商品流通や年貢輸送のために街道が整備され、地方文化の交流も活発になる。
• Due to the dissemination of the money-based economy and (economic) growth among the commoners, provincial cities also began to develop, and the highways were maintained to boost circulation of goods and trade in remote areas and facilitate the collection of the annual taxes, which led to lively cultural exchanges in rural culture.

• 地理的には由良川流域であり、普段から交流も多い地域であるが、文化圏としては方言など多少の差異もあり、必ずしも単一とはいえない。
• Due to its geographical location in the catchment area of Yura-gawa River, people in Chutan actively contact each other on a routine basis, but their cultures are different because of varied dialects.

• 実際の用例では、教義の問題というよりは、葬送儀礼や仏事作法など習俗に関わる場面で、地域社会との交流のなかで生まれる言葉である。
• As a matter of actual examples, this phrase is not used as a matter of doctrine but in the intercommunication with local society, such as on the occasion of funeral rituals and Buddhist services that are closely connected with local customs.

• 戦後、能楽復興期に、能楽ルネッサンスの会、華の会、冥の会などで、能楽以外の演劇人と交流しつつ、世阿弥の伝書研究などで活躍した。
• After the war, he interacted with actors other than Noh actors by participating in group of Noh Renaissance, Hana no kai (group of flower) and Mei no kai (group of dark), and also played an important role in the study of the records of oral teachings by Zeami.

• 父の鬼室福信が韓国の扶余郡恩山面にある恩山別神堂に祀られていることから、日野町と恩山面との姉妹都市交流がさかんに行われている。
• Since his father, Fukushin Kishitsu, is enshrined in Unzanbesshin-do Hall, in Unzanmen, Fuyo District, South Korea, the sister-city exchanges are active between Hino-cho and Unzanmen.

• 兄弟の中でも源氏とは特に仲がよく、源氏の不遇な時代にも交流を断たなかったこともあって（「須磨」）、その後も親しく交際を続けた。
• He was close to Hikaru Genji in particular among his brothers and he stayed in touch with Genji during his dark days (chapter 'Suma'), and never ceased to be a friend of Genji.

• 悟心は、売茶翁・池大雅・韓天寿・高芙蓉・僧鶴亭・大典顕常・慈周・木村兼葭堂・宮崎筠圃など当時の名流の文人たちと盛んに交流した。
• Goshin enjoyed mingling with the distinguished literati of his time including Baisao (a priest of the Obaku sect); IKE no Taiga (a painter); Tenju KAN (a calligrapher); Fuyo KO (a Confucian scholar, seal engraver, and painter); Kakutei (a Zen monk and painter); Kenjo DAITEN (a Zen priest and poet); Jishu (a priest of the Tendai sect and poet); Kenkado KIMURA (a son of a merchant with an extraordinary wide range of talents); and Inbo MIYAZAKI (a calligrapher).

• 以後は武家としての動きはなく、公家として豊臣秀頼に伺候、六角義賢次男で秀頼家臣であった佐々木高盛と交流するなどの活動が見える。
• After that, he did not contribute in any notable fashion as a warrior, but served Hideyori TOYOTOMI and deepened exchanges with Takamori SASAKI, who was the second son of Yoshikata ROKKAKU and a vassal of Hideyori, as part of the aristocracy.

• また、承久の乱で京都（京都府京都市）と鎌倉（神奈川県鎌倉市）の間の東海道の三河国を得て、日本の東西交流を牛耳る立場を獲得した。
• In addition, at the Jokyu War, he gained Mikawa Province on the Tokai-do Road between Kyoto (Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture) and Kamakura (Kamakura City, Kamakura Prefecture), and obtained a position for controlling cultural exchanges between east and west in Japan.

• また、スタッフは、10CFR50.2 において、「全交流電源喪失」と「代替交流電源」の定義について適切な修正を行うべきである。
• The staff should also make the appropriate revisions to the definitions of “station blackout” and “alternate ac source” in 10 CFR 50.2.

• 惣領家当主と宗家筋自体は先代も含めて現在も交流があり、一般に思われているお家騒動や確執といった類のものは両家の間には見られない。
• The head of the main branch and the Soke still maintain communications with each other, as well as with past heads, and neither family feuds nor battles seem to exist between the families, as is usually believed.

• 他にも度を過ぎて交流を絶ったために外交手段が分からず、黒船来航の際に対応を誤り、不平等条約を結ばされたとする批判的な意見もある。
• From another critical viewpoint, it is suggested that the Bakufu failed to take adequate measures upon the arrival of the Black Ships due to a lack of knowledge involving diplomatic procedures resulting from excessively severing exchanges with foreign countries, and this resulted in the Bakufu being forced to sign an unequal treaty.

• 国土交通省は学研都市の建設の理念を「産・官・学の連携の強化と、文化・学術・研究の国際的・学際的・業際的な交流の推進」としている。
• Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism define construction of the Science City as 'strengthening cooperation among industries, government offices and academic institutes while promoting international, interdisciplinary and inter-industrial exchange of culture, science and research.'

• しかし文化・経済の交流は続き、擦文時代には出羽地方の古墳の影響を受けた末期古墳が築造され、また恵庭市では和同開珎も出土している。
• Nevertheless, cultural and economic contacts continued and, in the Satsumon period, a Makki (Ezo-style) tomb was constructed inspired by tombs in the Dewa region and Wado Kaichin coins have been unearthed in Eniwa City.

• さらに、後白河法皇による『梁塵秘抄』の編纂や、芸能化され貴賤問わず大流行した田楽のように、貴族と庶民の文化交流も広汎にみられた。
• In addition, cultural interests including 'Ryojin hisho' (folk song collection) compiled by Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa, or dengaku (a style of dancing and music performed in association with rice planting) that was very popular regardless of one's rank, were widely exchanged between court nobles and common people.

• 1967（S42）年、「欧州宗教交流国際親善使節団」団長としてヨーロッパ8カ国を歴訪、ローマ法王パウロ6世と会見し涅槃像を贈る。
• In 1967, he visited eight European countries as the head of 'European religious communication international goodwill envoy' and met Pope Paul VI, and gave Nehanzo (an image of the Buddha immediately after his death).

• 1704年（宝永元年）江戸へ下り、大聖道場で華厳を講義する一方、華厳に対する自らの考えを著し、いろいろな宗の学僧と交流している。
• In 1704, he went down to Edo (the present Tokyo), where he gave lectures on the teachings of kegon at Daisei-dojo (a place of Buddhist practice and meditation) and wrote books on his own theory about kegon while exchanging ideas and opinions with learned monks of various other sects.

• また、伴存自身は地方の一学者でしかなかったが、蘭山没後の京都における本草家のひとりとして名声のあった山本沈三郎との交流があった。
• Also, Tomoari himself was just a local scholar, but he had some cultural exchanges with Chinsaburo YAMAMOTO who was famed as one of herbalism scholars in Kyoto after the death of Ranzan.

• 別家に養子に出た慶喜との同居は武家社会の慣習上出来なかったが、親しく文通を行い、頻繁に交流していた様子が残っている書簡から伺える。
• Because of the customs of the samurai society at that time, she was not allowed to live with her child, Yoshinobu who had been adopted by a different family; However, the remaining letters show that she and Youshinobu closely corresponded and frequently communicated.

• 江戸時代は鎖国と呼ばれる状態にあり、外国との交流は中国（明・清）やオランダなどを除いて断絶したが、250年に亘る「泰平」を築いた。
• In the Edo period, Japan was in a state of what is called national isolation, ending cultural exchanges with foreign countries except for China (Ming, Qing) and the Netherlands, establishing peace which continued for 250 years instead.

• 大欽茂が唐との融和を図る時代になると軍事的な意味合いは薄れ、専ら文化交流と経済活動を中心とした使節へとその性格を変化させていった。
• When Kinmo DAI reconciled with the Tang Dynasty, envoys no longer implied military activities and were carried out for the sole purpose of cultural exchange and economic activities.

• こうして明治維新直後の危機は過ぎ去ったが、やがて各流派はお互いに排他的姿勢を見せるようになり、流派間の交流や共演は消滅していった。
• Thus, the crisis right after Meiji Restoration was over, but each school became increasingly exclusive and the exchanges between schools or joint performances vanished.

• 設計基準事象及び設計基準を超える外部事象に対して、全ての運転中及び新規の原子炉における全交流電源喪失に対しての緩和能力を強化する。
• The NRC strengthen station blackout mitigation capability at all operating and new reactors for design-basis and beyond-design-basis external events.

• また1955年から国鉄は交流電化方式の実用化に独自に取り組み、1957年の北陸本線を皮切りに、地方線区での交流電化を開始していた。
• Furthermore, JNR also made efforts by itself for introducing AC electric power from 1955, and began using AC electric power in local sections, starting with the Hokuriku main line in 1957.

• 鳥取県の西部、旧伯耆国のなかでも「西伯耆」と呼ばれた地方は古くから出雲国との密接な交流が存在し、現在でも同一の雲伯方言を話している。
• The west part of Tottori Prefecture, especially the district called 'Nishi Hoki' in Hoki Province (old provincial name) had close relationship with Izumo Province and people there speak the same dialect so called Unpaku dialect today.

• 8 時間の最小対処時間を支援するシステムの設計は、交流電源を使用しない設備と計装の容量の保守的な見積もりに基づくものとすべきである。
• The design of the systems supporting the 8-hour minimum coping time should be based on a conservative analysis of the capacity of ac-independent equipment and instrumentation.

• 更に野村芳太郎、山田洋次ら松竹の映画監督たちとの交流から、佐藤允が復讐の連続殺人鬼を演じる異色サスペンス『皆殺しの霊歌』を監督した。
• In addition, following meetings with directors from Shochiku such as Yoshitaro NOMURA and Yoji YAMADA, he directed the unique suspense 'Minagoroshi no reika' (Annihilation Song), in which Makoto SATO played a multiple killer out for revenge.

• 勝浦町生名の人形文化交流館において、ビッグひな祭り実行委員会及び特定非営利活動法人阿波勝浦井戸端塾によって約1ヶ月にわたり開催される。
• The festival is held for about one month by the Big Doll Festival Execution Committee and a specified nonprofit corporation called Awa Katsuura Idobata Juku at Ningyo Bunka Koryu Kaikan (Doll Cultural Exchange Hall) in Ikuna, Katsuura-cho.

• けいはんなプラザホテル（KEIHANNA PLAZA HOTEL）は、関西文化学術研究都市の中核交流施設、けいはんなプラザの宿泊施設。
• Keihanna Plaza Hotel is an accommodation facility within Keihanna Plaza which is the central intersecting facility of Kansai Science City.

• 複数原子炉事象と長時間全交流電源喪失事象に対して定期的な訓練と演習を行い、その際、可能な限り、サイト外資源を特定し獲得または模擬する。
• Conduct periodic training and exercises for multiunit and prolonged SBO scenarios. Practice (simulate) the identification and acquisition of offsite resources, to the extent possible.

• オオヤビコのいる「木国」（きのくに）については、一般には紀伊国と解され、これを根拠に当時出雲国と紀伊の間には交流があったとされている。
• It is generally believed that 'Ki no kuni' where Oyabiko resided was Kii province, and based on this assumption it is considered that there was an exchange between Izumo and Kii provinces at that time.

• 忠興は情報戦にも長けていたが、その背景には、当代一流の文化人の一人として数多くの文化人や公卿たちとの交流が盛んだったという事情がある。
• Tadaoki also excelled in information warfare, something which may be linked to his being one of the most cultured men of his day and having frequent interaction with a great number of intellectuals and court nobles.

• また、有力な武将や公家との交際も広く、三条西実隆や細川高国、大内義興、上杉房能とも交流を持ち、今川氏の外交顧問であったとも言われている。
• Also, he had many influential warlords and court nobles as his associates, such as Sanetaka SANJONISHI, Takakuni HOSOKAWA, Yoshioki OUCHI and Fusayoshi UESUGI, and is said to have been a diplomatic adviser to the Imagawa clan.

• 戦略家・戦術家としてだけではなく、和歌に通じ、達筆でもあり、近衛稙家から和歌の奥義を伝授されるなど、公家との交流も深い文化人でもあった。
• He was not only a strategist and tactician but also a man of culture who interacted with court nobles because he was acquainted with waka (Japanese poetry), had good handwriting and received instruction in esoteric points of waka from Taneie KONOE.

• 沈三郎は、弘化2年（1845年）に伴存の存命中に唯一刊行された著書『紫藤園攷証』甲集にふれて感銘を受け、それ以来、伴存との交流があった。
• Chinsaburo was impressed with 'Shitoen Kosho (Ko-shu),' authored by Tomoari, the only book that was published while he was alive and the two had some cultural exchanges with each other since then.

• 曲によっては『鶴の巣籠』のように尺八楽との交流によって生まれたものもあるし、先の『千鳥の曲』のように箏との二重奏曲的性格の強いものもある。
• Some pieces of music for Kokyu, for example, 'Tsuru-no-Sugomori' (a song depicting various aspects of the life cycle of the crane), were composed through playing for Shakuhachi bamboo flute music, and there are also pieces of music provided strongly with features of duets for Kokyu and So, for example, 'Chidori no kyoku' described above.

• ただし、特に江戸時代後半となると、胡弓楽と地歌、箏曲は交流が著しくほとんど一体化してしまっているので、胡弓楽という言葉はあまり使われない。
• However, after entering the latter half of the Edo period in particular, Kokyu-gaku, Jiuta songs, and So music were intermingled considerably to the extent that they were almost integrated, and the term of Kokyu-gaku almost ceased to be used.

• 文人と僧侶の交流を通じて、墨戯を行う僧侶が現れるようになり特に禅僧にその傾向が強かった（天台宗の若芬玉澗のように非禅僧の画僧も存在する）。
• Through the social interactions between monks, especially Zen monks, and literati, monks who made bokugi appeared (a well known example of an artist monk who was not of the Zen sect was Jakufun Gyokukan of the Tendaishu sect).

• なお、日本軍は高麗人とモンゴル人、および漢人は捕虜として捕らえず殺害したが、交流のあった南宋人は捕虜として命を助け、大切に庇護したという。
• The Japanese army is said to have killed people of Goryeo, Mongol, and Han, not trying to capture them, but saved people of the Southern Sung Dynasty, with which it had exchanges, and protected them with care.

• 北九州から南関東にいたる全国各地の土器が出土し、纏向が当時の日本列島の大部分を統括する交流センター的な役割を果たしたことがうかがえること。
• It can be seen from earthenware from all over northern Kyushu to southern Kanto excavated from the Makimuku ruins that these buildings played roles such as exchange centers controlling most of the Japanese Islands at that time.

• 法皇は、男装した女性が今様を歌いながら舞う白拍子や、歌に合わせて操り人形を躍らせる芸などを演ずる傀儡（傀儡子）などの芸人とも交流をもった。
• The Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa had interactions with entertainers such as shirabyoshi who were women dressed up in clothing of a man and danced while singing imayo, and kugutsu (kugutsushi [puppet player]) who manipulated puppets in time with a song.

• 大津皇子や草壁皇子と交流があったのも、このふたりが母方で石川氏と関係があったからであろうと思われる（ふたりの母は蘇我倉山田石川麻呂の娘）。
• She had relationships with Prince Otsu and Prince Kusakabe, which was supposedly because these two had contact with the Ishikawa clan on the mother's side (their mothers were daughters of Soganokura-Yamada no Ishikawamaro).

• 日本の鬼の交流博物館（にほんのおにのこうりゅうはくぶつかん）は、京都府福知山市（旧加佐郡大江町）の大江山麓にある鬼伝説をテーマとする博物館。
• Nihon no Oni no Koryu Museum (日本の鬼の交流博物館) (Japanese Oni Museum) is a museum featuring Oni (demon) legends, and is located at the foot of Mt.Oe in Fukuchiyama City (former Oe-cho, Kasa-gun), Kyoto Prefecture.

• 電子機器用固定コンデンサ−第１７−１部：ブランク個別規格：固定メタライズドポリプロピレンフィルム交流及びパルスコンデンサ　評価水準Ｅ及びＥＺ
• Fixed capacitors for use in electronic equipment - Part 17-1: Blank detail specification : Fixed metalized polypropylene film dielectric a.c. and pulse capacitors - Assessment levels E and EZ

• 2000年 京都駅前に大学のまち交流センター（通称キャンパスプラザ京都）完成、財団事務局を移転する 京都学生映画祭、芸術系大学作品展を開始する
• 2000: College-Town Exchange Center (Campus Plaza Kyoto) was built in front of Kyoto Station, and the head office of the foundation was moved there.

• 現在の中国では、上海市の静安寺にみられるように、日本の真言宗（東密）との交流を通じて唐密宗の復興を試みる動きもあるもののマイナーな動向である。
• In modern China, an effort is being made to revive 唐密宗 through an exchange with the Shingon sect of Japan (Tomitsu) such as Seian-ji Temple in Shanghai, but it is a minor activity.

• しかし、結果的にこの新義律3派が議論と交流を重ねることで律宗の深化と再興が進み、中世には禅宗と律宗を合わせて「禅律」とも呼ばれて重んじられた。
• However, as a result, discussions and intercommunion among the three groups of this Shingi-ritsu promoted deepening and restored the Risshu sect, so that it was put to high value during medieval times, and called 'Zen-ritsu' combining the Zen sect and the Risshu sect.

• 上記の者は2009年12月に独立行政法人国際交流基金および財団法人日本国際教育支援協会が実施した日本語能力試験1級に合格したことを証明します。
• This is to certify that the person named above has passed Level 1 of the Japanese-Language Proficiency Test given in December 2009, jointly administered by the Japan Foundation and the Japan Educational Exchanges and Services

• 但し、則光との交流はここで断絶した訳ではなく一説では長徳4年（998年）まで交流があり、妹（いもうと）背（せうと）の仲で宮中公認だったという。
• However, they didn't seem to be separated completely, and tradition has it that they maintained contact with each other until 998; the people of the Imperial Court characterized their relationship as being one of 'brother and sister.'

• 滞在中は通商や文化交流に貢献し宮廷で茶の湯を披露するなどのほか、日露戦争に際してロシア軍艦のボスポラス海峡通過を日本に打電するという逸事がある。
• During his sojourn in Turkey he contributed to commerce and cultural exchange and besides introducing the Turkish royal court to the Japanese tea ceremony, there is anecdotal evidence that, during the Russo-Japanese War, he telegraphed Japan the movements of Russian battleships in the Bosporus Sea.

• （特にビジネスや政治における）交流や、情報、および利益を提供するために社会階級、職業または組織のメンバーを結びつける排他的で非公式なネットワーク
• an exclusive informal network linking members of a social class or profession or organization in order to provide connections and information and favors (especially in business or politics)

• 『栄花物語』には相次ぐ息子の出家に憤る雅信の姿が描かれている（『栄花物語』の著者と言われている赤染衛門は寂源と交流があったことが知られている）。
• 'Eiga Monogatari' (A Tale of Flowering Fortunes) depicted Masanobu angered over the consecutive shukke of his sons (Akazome Emon, who was the author of 'Eiga Monogatari' supposedly had a relation with Jakugen).

• アニメ『一休さんキャラクター・キャスト』の主要登場人物・蜷川新右衛門のモデルとなった人物だが、実際一休宗純と交流があったのは出家後の晩年である。
• He was the model for one of the main characters in the animation 'Ikkyu san,' or Shinemon NINAGAWA, however, the relationship between them started in his late years after entering priesthood.

• また、日本天台宗の開祖伝教大師最澄と真言宗の開祖弘法大師空海という平安時代仏教の双璧をなす両雄の交流を示す資料としてもこの3通の存在は貴重である。
• These three letters are precious as written materials that represent the relationship between Dengyo Daishi (great teacher of the Buddhism) Saicho, the founder of the Nihon Tendai sect, and Kobo Daishi (a posthumous title of the priest Kukai) Kukai the founder of the Shingon sect; both were the two greatest Buddhist priests in the Heian period.

• 彼らは京都において、長州藩藩士桂小五郎、久坂玄瑞、その他京都に集う志士達と交流を重ねるうちに尊皇攘夷の志をますます堅固なものとして行ったのである。
• In Kyoto, they came to have a firmer conviction of Sonno Joi as they exchanged opinions with other patriots such as feudal retainer of Choshu Domain Kogoro KATSURA and Genzui KUSAKA.

• 士官学校で少壮の士官に日本語や日本のことを教え、日本政府の高官のイスタンブル訪問を手引きするなど、日土国交が樹立されない中で官民の交流に尽力した。
• He taught the Japanese language and told of Japan to young officers at the military academy, and helped to arrange visits to Istanbul for high officials in the Japanese government; thus, he dedicated himself to cultivate international civilian and governmental exchanges when there were no established diplomatic relations between Japan and Turkey.

• 同年9月、安房国（房総半島）を旅したときの模様を漢文でしたためた紀行『木屑録』（ぼくせつろく）の批評を子規に求めるなど、徐々に交流が深まっていく。
• In November of the same year, the relationship between Soseki and Shiki was getting closer through several occasions including Soseki asking Shiki to criticize his 'Bokusetsuroku,' an account of a journey to Awa Province (Boso Peninsula) written in Chinese.

• このように、理解ある藩主に恵まれたことや良きパトロンを得られたこと、さらに識見ある先達との交流を得られたことは、伴存の学問の大成に大きく影響した。
• Being blessed with such an understanding feudal lord, being supported by such a good patron, and exchanging with insightful predecessors greatly influenced the perfection of Tomoari's learning.

• しかし、薩摩藩は薩英戦争後、茂久の父・島津久光の方針によりイギリス式兵制を採用したり、英国公使ハリー・パークスとの交流から、親英政策を採っていた。
• However, after the Anglo-Satsuma War, and following Hisamitsu SHIMAZU's (Mochihisa's father) intention, the Satsuma clan started to take a pro-British stance, adopting the British military system and interacting with the British envoy, Harry Parkes.

• この間、寛弘元年秋には、道長が伊周作の「入宋 (王朝)僧寂照の旧房に到る」詩に唱和し、奏上して御製の詩を賜ったという、ささやかな交流の話も伝わる。
• There was a story about a little friendship between them in this period: In the autumn of 1004, Michinaga joined the chorus of a poem composed by Korechika -- 'Priest Jakusho who went to Song dynasty finally returned to his old house' -- and requested the Emperor to bestow him a poem composed by the Emperor and received one.

• 以下のことから、漢代から代々中国に朝貢していたのは九州の大王であり、日本列島を代表して中国・朝鮮と交流・交戦していたのも九州王朝だったと考えられる。
• As described below, it is believed that the great king of Kyusyu paid tribute to China for generations since the age of the Han dynasty while the Kyushu dynasty had cultural exchanges with or battles against China and Korea on behalf of Japan.

• 具体的には、(2) 紀伊山地の文化的景観を形成する記念碑と遺跡は神道と仏教のたぐいまれな融合であり、東アジアにおける宗教文化の交流と発展を例証する。
• Specifically, (2) monuments and sites, which form cultural scenery in Kii Mountain Range, are unusual syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism, while it illustrates the interaction and development of religious culture in the east Asia.

• 畿内にヤマト政権が誕生すると、都（京）と周囲の豪族が治めていた地域との交流や、海辺に面した港湾（津）との間を行き来するための交通路の整備が行われた。
• With the birth of the Yamato Administration in the Kinai region (the five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto), traffic routes were improved for connecting the ancient capital Kyoto and surrounding regions governed by ruling clans, as well as for traveling between regions and the harbor (tsu).

• もし職場の全員が、その会社の別の部署（もしくは外の世界）と交流するのに、働くのを止めずに済むなら、その生産性は５倍から１０倍にもなるかもしれません。
• you may see five to ten times the productivity you would have gotten if everyone had to stop working all the time to interact with the rest of the company (or the outside world).

• ――は、階級間の交流、現在では人類が社会的な階層化によって分断されるのを抑えている、あの階級間の婚姻による階級移動は、ますます起こりにくくなります。
• --will make that exchange between class and class, that promotion by intermarriage which at present retards the splitting of our species along lines of social stratification, less and less frequent.

• 翌延宝3年（1675年）、江戸で初めて松尾芭蕉と一座し深川芭蕉庵に近い上野不忍池や葛飾安宅に退隠し、門弟ではなく友人として以後互いに親しく交流した。
• In 1675, he sat with Matsuo Basho for the first time in Edo, retreated in Shinobazu-no-Ike Pond in Ueno, which was close to Basho's home in Shinsen, and Katsushoku Antaku, and exchanged with him mutually and intimately thereafter, not as a pupil but as a friend.

• こうして京阪の音楽家たちとも交流が深く、とくに京都の光崎検校からは作曲上で大きな影響を受け、また大阪の厳得からは胡弓曲「鶴の巣籠」を伝授されている。
• Yoshizawa became friends with musicians in the Kyoto and Osaka area due to the reason above, his compositions being especially influenced by Kyoto's Kengyo MITSUZAKI, and he also received instruction on 'Tsuru-no-Sugomori,' a kokyu piece, from Gentoku in Osaka.

• 蟄居後は寺子屋師匠などを務め、同士との密かな交流や幕府による長州征伐（幕長戦争）での出兵問題では藩主・直正への献言を行うなど政治的活動は続けている。
• After his house arrest, he worked as a temple elementary school teacher among other occupations and continued his political activities such as secret contact with his comrades and offering his opinion to domain lord Naomasa on the issue of dispatching troops on the shogunate's Choshu Conquest (Baku-cho War (war between the bakufu and Choshu)).

• 現在日本国内では日本折紙協会・日本折紙学会の両団体が存在する他、アメリカ・イギリスなど各国にも折り紙団体が結成されており、愛好者間の交流を深めている。
• When the Nippon Origami Association and Japan Origami Academic Society were established in Japan, origami groups formed in countries including the US and the UK, allowing origami fans to deepen exchanges with each other.

• 洋菓子の飴細工と日本の伝統的な飴細工は、この分野での交流が資料として認められないものの、発祥の違いこそあれ、製法や技術にあまり大差がなく発展している。
• Amezaiku of western confectionery and that of traditional Japanese confectionery have developed, though there is no interaction between them in this field as documents and origins were different, and the method of production or technique are not so different.

• 江戸期の日朝交流は豊臣秀吉による文禄・慶長の役の後、断絶していた李氏朝鮮との国交を回復すべく、日本側から朝鮮側に通信使の派遣を打診したことにはじまる。
• Diplomatic relations between Japan and Korea remained broken after the Bunroku-Keicho War, and entering the Edo period, the first action the Japan side took for restoring diplomatic relations with Yi Dynasty Korea was to sound the Korean side to send Tsushinshi.

• それ以後豊後と京阪との間を行き来しながら、岡田米山人・岡田半江・浦上春琴・頼山陽・菅茶山・青木木米などの文人たちと交流を持ち、大阪の藩邸で亡くなった。
• Since then, he traveled back and forth between Bungo Province and Keihan (Kyoto and Osaka) area, having cultural exchanges with literary figures such as Beisanjin OKADA, Hanko OKADA, Shunkin URAGAMI, Sanyo RAI, Chazan KAN and Mokubei AOKI, and died at hantei (the official residence maintained by a feudal lord) of the Oka clan in Osaka.

• 加えて、観光客・交流人口を増やしたい地元自治体や、観光客の滞在時間を少しでも伸ばしたい関連事業者、新たな魅力を注入したい旅行社などのニーズも見逃せない。
• In addition, one cannot overlook the needs of regional governments hoping to increase the numbers of tourists and visitors, related industries whose interest is to increase the length of tourist stays, and travel agencies aiming to promote new attractions.

• また京都賞ウイークがあり、期間中には、受賞者による高校特別授業や小中学生との交流事業、大学生を対象にしたフォーラムなど、各種教育イベントも実施している。
• Various educational events are held during the Kyoto Prize week, such as special classes by prizewinners in high schools, exchange programs with primary and junior high school students and forums for university students.

• 1996年（平成8年）、「学校跡地利用審議会」・「京都市芸術文化振興計画」において元明倫小学校を「芸術文化交流センター」として活用する計画が策定される。
• In 1996, a plan to use the former Meirin elementary school as 'a center for promoting interactive art/culture-related activities' was compiled in 'A plan to promote art/culture-related activities in Kyoto City' by 'the council to deliberate on use of former school sites.'

• なお、倭城は日本の撤兵後、ほとんど破壊されたが、近年、中国・朝鮮半島・日本の築城交流史をうかがえる貴重な遺構として、大韓民国でも調査・研究が進んでいる。
• Although after the withdrawal of Japanese forces from the Korean Peninsula, most Japanese castles were destroied, the Republic of Korea has been conducting investigations and research about those castles as valuable ruins that suggest historical relationships between the castle architecture in China, the Korean Peninsula and Japan.

• したがって、世界平和のためには、私達全てが地球という惑星の住人なのだ、という意識を絶え間ない国際的文化及び経済交流によって育成していかなければならない。
• For world peace, therefore, we must develop the consciousness that we are all one people of planet Earth through continual international cultural and economic exchange.

• 財団法人「京都文化交流コンベンションビューロー」の村田純一理事長が会長で、呼びかけ人に作家の瀬戸内寂聴、茶道裏千家前家元・千玄室(呼びかけ人代表)など。
• The president of the foundation 'Kyoto Convention Bureau,' Junichi MURATA works as the president, and there are some promoters such as the novelist Jakucho SETOUCHI, and the former head of the Urasenke school of the tea ceremony, Genshitsu SEN (the representative).

• 813年11月、最澄が「理趣釈経」の借用を申し出たが、空海は「文章修行ではなく実践修行によって得られる」との見解を示して拒絶、以後交流は相容れなかった。
• In November, 813, he made a request to Kukai to borrow 'Rishushakkyo,' but Kukai refused by indicating that 'it can be obtained not by studying the words but by practicing and training,' and after that, there were no more communications between them because of differences in their opinions.

• この天覧歌舞伎は外務大臣井上馨邸で開催されたが、九代目は井上のほかにも伊藤博文や松方正義などの元老とも交流を持ち、歌舞伎俳優の社会的地位の向上につとめた。
• This Tenran Kabuki was held in the residence of Kaoru INOUE, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, and the Ninth, having friendly connections with Genro (elder statesmen) including Hirobumi ITO, Masayoshi MATSUKATA and others, strove to improve the social status of Kabuki actors.

• 長じた後に大坂では鼎春岳、濱田杏堂、京都では浦上春琴、中林竹洞、山本梅逸ら、当時一流の文人画家と親しく交流するうち文人画の技法を修得したものと推察される。
• After he grew up, he deepened exchanges with the top literati painters in those days, such as Shungaku KANAE and Kyodo HAMADA in Osaka and Shunkin URAGAMI, Chikuto NAKABAYASHI, Baiitsu YAMAMOTO in Kyoto and meanwhile he seems to have acquired the method of literati painting.

• 古くは富士門流・日興門流・大石寺派と称し、浄土真宗にみられるような強固な単一組織はつくらなかったが、人的交流、学問的交流を通じ、ゆるやかに結びついていた。
• In old days they called themselves Fujimon School, Nikkomon School, and Taiseki-ji School, and even though they did not form a strong unified organization like that seen in the Jodo Shinshu (the True Pure Land Sect of Buddhism), they were connected loosely through personal and academic exchanges.

• 橘正通・慶滋保胤に師事し（後に保胤は親王の邸宅千種殿の近隣に池亭を構えている）、大江匡衡や藤原為頼・藤原為時兄弟（紫式部の伯父と父）などとも親しく交流した。
• He studied with TACHIBANA no Masamichi and YOSHISHIGE no Yasutane (later Yasutane built chitei (an arbor by a lake) near the residence of Imperial Prince, Chigusa dono), and closely interacted with OE no Masahira, FUJIWARA no Tameyori, and FUJIWARA no Tametoki brothers (uncle and father of Murasaki shikibu).

• しかし大欽茂の時代になり、唐との融和が図られる時代になると軍事的な意味合いは薄れ、もっぱら文化交流と経済活動を中心とした使節へとその性格を変化させていった。
• However, when it became the period of Heummu DAE and of reconciliation with Tang, its military implication wore off and changed its characteristics to the envoy for cultural exchange and economic activities.

• 紹巴は最上義光の連歌師、一花堂乗阿など時宗の僧と交流があり、後に里村家からは宝永5年（1707年）に時宗の遊行上人を継承した遊行48代賦国（ふこく）が出た。
• Joha had relationship with the Jishu sect monks including Ikkado Joa, who was a linked-verse teacher of Yoshiaki MOGAMI; later in 1707, a descendant of the Satomura family became the 48th Yugyo Fukoku who succeeded to the head of the Jishu sect Yugyoshonin.

• 土佐藩の後藤象二郎と交流のあった新選組では大政奉還について予め知っていたにも関わらず、あたかも新選組にとって寝耳に水の出来事であったかの様な記述が見られる。
• Even though Shinsengumi were constantly in contact with Shojiro GOTO of Tosa han (Tosa Domain), and knew about Taisei Hokan (the return of political power to the Emperor by the Tokugawa shogunate) beforehand, it was written in such a way that it the event was unexpected and surprising for the Shinsengumi.

• この他にも織田信長をはじめ、五山の碩学として多くの公家・武士らと交流したが、自身はあまり世に出るのを望まず、住職として妙智院で隠棲し、天竜寺の護持に務めた。
• In addition, he had exchanges with many kuge (court noble) and samurai such as Nobunaga ODA as a great scholar of gozan (Zen temples highly ranked by the government), but he did not want to come out, so that he had a secluded life as the chief priest of the Myochi-in Temple and tried to defend the Tenryu-ji Temple.

• 現在でも文楽座の太夫、三味線方が歌舞伎に出演する際には、特殊なとりきめ（歌舞伎役者が台詞を言わず、全編を義太夫がとる）があり、通常はこうした交流は行われない。
• Even today, special arrangements should be made when Tayu and Shamisen-kata belonging to the Bunraku-za Theatre appear in Kabuki performances (Kabuki actors do not speak the line, and the whole story is narrated by Gidayu), and under normal conditions, this type of interactive events are not practiced.

• けいはんな記念公園は24.1ヘクタールにもなる広大な公園であり、14.1ヘクタールの自然保全区域と、10.1ヘクタールの交流施設区域とに大きく分けられている。
• Keihanna Commemorative Park is a vast park occupying 24.1ha, of which 14.1ha is the area for preserving nature and 10.1ha is the area where facilities for various activities participated in by persons visiting the park are located.

• 畑線：今里 - 金尾 - 小畑 - 畑交流センター前 - ふれあいプラザ前 - 下夜久野駅前 - 下日置 - 高内 - 大油子 - 上夜久野駅前 - 農匠の郷
• Hata Route: Imazato - Kinno - Obata - Hata Cultural Exchange Center Front - Fureai Plaza Front - Shimo-Yakuno Station Front - Shimo-Heki - Takauchi - Oyugo - Kami-Yakuno Station Front - Farming Craftsman Village

• 国芳はまた、柴田是真（蒔絵、画家）、渡辺崋山（田原藩家老、学者、画家）ら当時の文化人とも交流があり、画風にも当時の新知識を彼なりに研究・吸収した跡が見られる。
• Kuniyoshi also built a good relationship with various cultural figures, including Zeshin SHIBATA (a maki-e painter [Japanese lacquer sprinkled with gold or silver powder] and a traditional painter) and Kazan WATANABE (the chief retainer of the TAHARA clan, a scholar and a painter), and his paintings show that he acquired new knowledge from them and used it in his own way.

• 父シーボルトは、長崎・鳴滝に住居を構え昔の門人や娘・イネと交流し日本研究を続け、1861年幕府に招かれ外交顧問に就き江戸でヨーロッパの学問なども講義している。
• Her father Siebold, who settled in a residence located in Narutaki, Nagasaki and returned to associate himself with his former disciples and his daughter Ine, continued his Japanese studies, and in 1861 he was invited by the bakufu (Japanese government headed by a shogun) to hold the post of diplomatic adviser in Edo (present Tokyo), where he also gave lectures on the European studies.

• 出家後、僅か数年で違う女性に手を出したと言われる花山法皇とは対照的に、藤原道長ら旧知の人達との交流は残しながらもその残り人生のほとんどを仏門の修行に費やした。
• Contrary to the Cloistered Emperor with whom it was passed down that he was with woman only after several years, Yoshichika spent almost all of his remaining life training in Buddhism after becoming a priest, while keeping in contact with old friends including FUJIWARA no Michinaga.

• また、東京大学詩吟研究会は漢詩研究が盛んであったり、明治大学詩吟研究部は全吟連や関西の詩吟団体との交流が盛んであったりと、各大学のサークルによって特色が異なる。
• Also, the characteristics of shigin clubs vary from one university to another, for example, Tokyo University Shigin Kenkyu Kai actively researches Chinese poetry and Meiji University Shigin Kenkyu Club has frequent interactions with National Student Shigin League or shigin organizations in Kansai region and so on.

• 日本側は、朝廷の徴税能力が衰え、使節供応と回賜のための経費が重荷となった後は、使節来朝を12年に1度にするなどの制限を加えたが、その交流は渤海滅亡まで継続した。
• After tax collection capability by the Imperial Court diminished and the expenses for entertaining the envoy and kaishi became burden, Japan side added the limitations to have the envoy's visit once in 12 years, but the exchange had continued until the fall of Bo Hai.

• 長時間全交流電源喪失時に、サイト内連絡(対応チーム間や施設間の無線等)やサイト外との連絡(携帯電話、衛星電話等)に必要な連絡装置に電力を供給する手段を確保する。
• Provide a means to power communications equipment needed to communicate onsite (e.g., radios for response teams and between facilities) and offsite (e.g., cellular telephones, satellite telephones) during a prolonged SBO.

• 地理的には南部が桂川 (淀川水系)流域、北部が由良川流域であり、普段から交流も多い地域であるが、文化圏としては方言など多少の差異もあり、必ずしも単一とはいえない。
• Much interaction exists between its southern part, which is located along the Katsura-gawa River (Yodo-gawa River system) and its northern part, which is located along the Yura-gawa River, but it cannot be said that the area constitutes a single cultural area, due to the slight differences in dialect which exist between the two regions.

• 白村江の戦いの翌年（664年）に行政機能は内陸の大宰府（現在の太宰府市）に移転、那津のほとりには大宰府の機関のひとつとして海外交流および国防の拠点施設が残された。
• After the transfer of the administrative function to the inland office 'Dazaifu' (Government Headquarters in Kyushu located at the present Dazaifu City) in 664, one year after the Battle of Hakusukinoe, a facility functioning as a base for overseas exchanges as well as national defense was left near Nanotsu as one of the organizations belonging to the Dazaifu.

• 交友関係では、学習院以来の武者小路実篤、細川護立、柳宗悦らの他、梅原龍三郎、安倍能成、広津和郎、安井曽太郎、谷川徹三ら、限定されつつも一流の文化人と交流があった。
• His circle of friends was limited, but composed of highly-cultured people of the first order; these included Saneatsu MUSHANOKOJI, who had been his friend since Gakushuin days, Moritatsu HOSOKAWA, Muneyoshi YANAGI, and others, as well as Ryuzaburo UMEHARA, Yoshishige ABE, Kazuo HIROTSU, Sotaro YASUI, and Tetsuzo TANIKAWA.

• 文久元年、京都河原町通四条上ル東で諸藩御用達・枡屋を継ぎ古道具、馬具を扱いながら、早くから宮部鼎蔵らと交流し、長州間者の大元締として情報活動と武器調達にあたった。
• In 1861, he took over the business of Masuya, a purveyor to various domains, at Shijo Agaru Higashi, Kawaramachi-dori Street, Kyoto, in order to handle used articles and harnesses/trappings, but he was also engaged in information activities and the procurement of weapons as the omotojime (chief superintendent) of the Choshu domain's spies, since he had contact with Teizo MIYABE.

• 天文 (日本)15年（1546年）会津地方で蘆名盛氏に絵画の鑑賞法を授け、天文19年（1550年）には小田原市や鎌倉を訪れ、多くの名品に接し画僧達と交流したらしい。
• It seems that in 1546 in the Aizu region, he imparted the way of appreciation of paintings to Moriuji ASHINA, and in 1550 he visited Odawara City and Kamakura City where he came into contact and communicated with artist monks.

• しかし、新羅が朝鮮半島統一の勢いを駆って侵攻して来る事を恐れ、海岸の防備を固めるなどを怠らず、両国の関係は持統天皇即位後、交流はあるものの、次第に悪化する事になる。
• However, fearing that Silla would invade Wakoku due to the momentum gained in unifying the Korean Peninsula, Wakoku kept reinforcing their defensive measures along the sea coast, and although there was exchange between the two countries, their relations deteriorated after the enthronement of Emperor Jito.

• また九つの帝国大学が存在したことから「九帝大」とも呼ばれていたが、「旧帝大」と同音異義語であることと国外の旧帝大との交流が減ったことにより、現在は死語となっている。
• Since there were nine Imperial Universities, they were called 'Kyuteidai,' but it had the same pronunciation as '旧帝大' and the exchange with former Imperial Universities decreased, it became an obsolete word.

• 建久2年（1191年）の徳大寺実定の死去の記事に景時と弟の梶原朝景が実定から学んだとの記述があり、梶原氏は優れた歌人を輩出した徳大寺家と交流を持ち和歌を学んでいた。
• In the death article of Sanesada TOKUDAIJI in 1191, it was written that Kagetoki and his brother Tomokage KAJIWARA had learned waka from Sanesada; the Kajiwara clan had an interaction with the Tokudaiji family which produced many great Japanese poets, and learned waka from them.

• 江戸後期の大博物学者で画人である木村蒹葭堂と極めて親密な交流を結んでおり、木村節庵、北村桃庵、藤井鴻平らとならんで、もっとも蒹葭堂と仲が良かった医家の一人であった。
• He associated himself very closely with Kenkado KIMURA, a great naturalist and painter in the late Edo period, and was one of Kenkado's closest doctors together with Setsuan KIMURA, Toan KITAMURA and Kohei FUJII.

• 彼らは、オランダ商館長以下、商館員の診察や治療に当たった他、長崎奉行の許可を得て、限定的ながら日本人患者の診断を行ったり、日本人医師との医学的交流を行ったりしていた。
• They were engaged in an examination and treatment of the Dutch Trading Post officers including the head, and also diagnosed Japanese patients and made medical interchanges with Japanese doctors with permission from Nagasaki Bugyo (an official responsible for administration of Nagasaki) although such activities were limited.

• 全交流電源喪失が 72 時間継続した場合に、炉心及び使用済み燃料プールの冷却と原子炉冷却系統及び一次格納容器の健全性を確保するために必要な設備、手順と訓練を確立する。
• Establish the equipment, procedures, and training necessary to implement an “extended loss of all ac” coping time of 72 hours for core and spent fuel pool cooling and for reactor coolant system and primary containment integrity as needed.

• 最初は父譲りの道安の流れを汲んでいたと思われるが、古田重然や小堀遠州の影響を受けながら後水尾天皇をはじめ公家との交流のなかで「姫宗和」と呼ばれる優美な茶風を築きあげた。
• Although it is thought that he was at first influenced by the tea ceremony of Doan as his father was, he gradually perfected his own elegant style, called 'Hime Sowa,' which was created as a result of his friendships with the court nobles such as Emperor Gomizunoo, as well as having had the influence of tea ceremony masters such as Shigenari FURUTA and Enshu KOBORI.

• さらに巨大な帝国だった中国諸王朝が中華思想、華夷秩序に基づいて周辺諸国を冊封して朝貢関係を築き、それが経済交流と外交秩序の一定の安定を東アジアにもたらしたことにもよる。
• Another reason is the sovereign-vassal relationship with tributes between Chinese dynasties, great empires, and surrounding countries based on Sinocentrism and Suzerainty, that brought economic exchanges and a certain stability of diplomatic orders to East Asia.

• 珠光は他の芸能者達との交流もあり、能楽者である金春禅鳳が記した『禅鳳雑談』に有名な珠光の物語とて　「月も雲間のなきは嫌にて候　これ面白く候」　という一節が遺されている。
• As Juko was acquainted with other artists, his remark saying 'I love the moonlight peeping through the cloud. It is interesting' was introduced in 'Zenpo Zodan' (Miscellaneous conversations with Zenpo), a book written by Noh player Zenpo KONPARU, as a famous anecdote concerning Juko.

• 一方、近江今津から近江塩津までは途中交流電化に変わること、もとよりローカルの交流があまりなかったことなどからこの区間の普通列車は当初1日3本と極めて少ない本数であった。
• Meanwhile, the number of local trains running in the section between Omi-Imazu and Omi-Shiotsu was initially three per day, which is exceptionally few, due to the operation of few AC electric local trains, and also due to the fact that part of the section changed to the AC electrification between this section.

• かざしにはもともと生花、それも祭りの場で生えている草花を使用することから、樹霊との交流を得て生命力を強化しようとする一種の共感呪術＜参照：金枝篇＞の名残と考えられている。
• Real flowers, especially flowers and leaves growing on the festival site were originally used for Kazashi, which is regarded to be a remnant from a kind of Kyokan jujutsu (empathy magic) strengthening the life force by having interchange with the spirit of trees.

• 9世紀以降は土師器工人集団（土師部）と須恵器工人集団（陶部）との交流が活発になり、轆轤土師器、土師質土器などと呼ばれる両者の中間様式の土器が多量につくられるようになった。
• From the ninth century, exchange between groups of Haji craftsmen (Hajibe) and Sue craftsmen (Tobe) grew, resulting in the creation of a large volume of earthenware that is midway between the two in terms of design, such as Rokuro-haji and Haji-shitsu pottery.

• 大山崎山荘には民芸運動にかかわる河井寛次郎、バーナード・リーチ、濱田庄司、富本憲吉、棟方志功および芹沢けい介といった作家たちとの交流の中で収集された作品が展示されている。
• Oyamazaki Villa exhibits works collected through his interaction with artists who were involved in the movement such as Kanjiro KAWAI, Bernard LEACH, Shoji HAMADA, Kenkichi TOMIMOTO, Shiko MUNAKATA and Keisuke SERIZAWA.

• 我が国と外国との文化交流に資する目的で国、地方公共団体又は独立行政法人の資金援助を受けて設立された本邦の公私の機関が主催する演劇等の興行に係る活動に従事しようとするとき。
• The applicant intends to engage in activities related to entertaining through performances organized by a public or private organization in Japan which has been established with funds from the national government, a local government, or an incorporated administrative agency, for the purpose of cultural exchange between Japan and foreign countries.

• 高杉も桂小五郎（木戸孝允）や久坂義助（久坂玄瑞）たちと共にともに尊攘運動に加わり、江戸・京師（京都市）において勤皇・破約攘夷の宣伝活動を展開し、各藩の志士たちと交流した。
• Takasugi also joined the Sonno Joi movement with Kogoro KATSURA (Takayoshi KIDO) and Yoshisuke KUSAKA (Genzui KUSAKA) and launched a campaign in Kyoto espousing loyalty to the Emperor, nullification of treaties and the expelling of foreigners, in cooperation with royalists from other clans.

• 当時の有力歌人であった源順（みなもとのしたごう）、大中臣能宣・源重之らと交流があったが、偏狭な性格で自尊心が高かったことから、社交界に受け入れられず孤立した存在であった。
• Although he was friends with contemporary leading poets such as MINAMOTO no Shitago, ONAKATOMI no Yoshinobu, and MINAMOTO no Shigeyuki, because of his intolerant character and having too much pride in himself, he was not accepted by society and he grew isolated.

• この法律において「地域活動支援センター」とは、障害者等を通わせ、創作的活動又は生産活動の機会の提供、社会との交流の促進その他の厚生労働省令で定める便宜を供与する施設をいう。
• The term "local activity support center" as used in this Act means the facilities to which persons with disabilities, or others commute, and provide opportunities for creative and productive activities and other benefit prescribed in Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.

• この日を境に、嘉永年間に入門した愛弟子の参澤宗哲と紀州で邂逅し意気投合、安政6年に貞雄が死ぬまでの五年間、相互の交流や互いの自著や情報を交換したりして交遊関係を続けている。
• Although Yasuo couldn't meet Yukiyasu, in Wakayama he met Yukiyasu's pupil Sotetsu MISAWA and they became friends; they had kept a close relationship by introducing friends or sending works and information to each other until Yasuo died in 1859.

• ケンペルの綱吉観や両者の交流については中公新書刊行『ケンペルと徳川綱吉』（ベアトリス・M. ボダルト・ベイリー・1994年　ISBN 4-12-101168-6）に詳しい。
• Kaempfer's view of Tsunayoshi and the interaction between them are described in detail in 'Kenperu to Tokugawa Tsunayoshi' (Beatrice M. Bodart-Bailey, 1994, ISBN 4-12-101168-6) published by Chuko Shinsho.

• 親成は当時の戦国武将の例に漏れず、文化人との交流も盛んに行っていたようで、京都国立博物館には臨済僧の策彦周良（1501年- 1579年）が親成に与えた墨蹟が収蔵されている。
• Chikashige, as other warlords in the Sengoku period, seems to have associated himself well with people of culture, and Shuryo SAKUGEN (1501 - 1579), who was a priest of the Rinzaishu sect, gave Chikashige a calligraphy, which is owned by Kyoto National Museum.

• 同じころ幕府でも安達泰盛が主導する徳政が行われており、亀山と泰盛とのあいだには文化交流など個人的なつながりもあることから、公武両徳政には密接な連関があるものと考えられている。
• At the same time, the bakufu had political reforms led by Yasumori ADACHI, it is thought that there was a close relationship between virtuous governments in both Imperial and Military courts due to the fact that there were cultural exchanges at the individual level between Kameyama and Yasumori.

• また文明 (日本)12年（1480年）に足利義政・足利義尚父子に進物を贈るなど、扇谷上杉氏当主とは別に、独自に幕府と交流を持っていたようであり、その政治的地位の高さも窺える。
• Moreover in 1480, Tomomasa sent a gift to Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA and Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA, father and son, and this suggests that he communicated with the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) on his own apart from the family head of the Ogigayatsu Uesugi clan, and that he was in politically high position.

• 江戸時代の鎖国、明治の廃仏毀釈などで海外との交流は途絶えるが、明治末期の1900年以降、スリランカ、タイ王国などの上座部仏教圏との交流から仏舎利を贈与された例がいくつかある。
• Because of the national seclusion in the Edo period and the anti-Buddhism movement in the Meiji period, interactions with overseas countries broke off, but there were a few cases where Buddha's sariras were given as a result of interactions with the countries of Theravada Buddhism such as Sri Lanka and Thailand after 1900, at the end of the Meiji period.

• 内親王自身も摂関家との交流には常に気を配ったらしく、『枕草子』で中宮藤原定子との季節の交流が描かれる一方、『大鏡』や『栄花物語』には道長との当意即妙なやり取りが記されている。
• The Imperial Princess took care to interact with a clan eligible to become regents, and while 'Makura no soshi' (The Pillow Book) depicted seasonal interactions with the second consort of the emperor, FUJIWARA no Teishi, 'Okagami,' and 'Eiga monogatari' (Tale of Flowering Fortunes) depicted her witty interactions with Michinaga.

• 盆の明確な起源は分かっていないが、1年に2度、初春と初秋の満月の日に祖先の霊が子孫のもとを訪れて交流する行事があった（1年が前半年と後半年の2年になっていた名残との説がある）。
• Though the specific origins of the Bon festival are unkown, it is believed that twice a year, once in early spring and once in early fall (said to be a remnant of when one year was counted as two six-month years), there were events held at the time of the full moon to celebrate the souls of the dead coming to visit their descendants

• また、大規模な集落については、長期間継続し、人口も集住し、周辺に小集落が存在し、首長の居宅や祭祀用の大型掘っ立て柱建物があり、金属器生産が行われ、遠隔地との交流物品が出土する。
• Larger settlements were surrounded by neighboring smaller settlements, were used over a longer time with a larger number of population, contained the chief's residence and a large pit facility where rituals were held, produced metal ware in the village, and various materials received from remote regions in trade are excavated from remaining sites.

• サイト内及び EPZ(緊急対応計画区域)内におけるリアルタイムな放射線モニタリングの有効性を調べる。(交流電源への不依存やインターネットでのリアルタイム処理の実現性も検討する)
• Study the efficacy of real-time radiation monitoring onsite and within the EPZs (including consideration of ac independence and real-time availability on the Internet).

• 自然保全区域はもともとあった自然林や永谷池を活かし自然を楽しめる区域であり、交流自然区域は人々の交流を目的に「芝生広場」、「谷あい」、「日本庭園（水景園）」等が設置されている。
• The former nature-preserve, where natural forests and Nagaya-ike Pond are effectively arranged, is for enjoying nature, and 'a large lawn area,' 'a valley,' and 'a Japanese garden' (Suikei-en Garden - a water landscape garden) are provided to encourage people visiting there to mingle with each other.

• いっぽう、庶民の社会的地位が高まり、商工業の発展にともなって町衆や農民が文化の担い手として登場したことから、文化の面でも幅広い交流がすすみ、庶民性や地方的特色がいっそう強まった。
• Meanwhile, as the social status of the common people rose with the development of commerce and industry, the merchant class and peasants emerged as supporters of culture; the broad cultural interaction was encouraged, and local or plebeian characteristics of culture were enhanced.

• このため、日宋貿易終焉後、日明貿易成立に至る時期（日本の鎌倉時代後期・南北朝時代 (日本)に相当）も日本と元の間には政治的対立とは全く別に経済的・文化的交流が盛んになっていった。
• Therefore, over the period between the trade between Japan and China's Sung Dynasty ended and the trade between Japan and China's Ming Dynasty was established (between the late Kamakura period and the period of the Northern and Southern Courts in Japan), the economical and cultural exchanges had become active between Japan and the Yuan Dynasty despite of the political tension between the two countries.

• 財団法人京都市芸術文化協会が運営を委託され、芸術活動支援、芸術に関する情報の収集・発信、「アーティスト・イン・レジデンスプログラム」実施、芸術家と市民の交流促進などを行っている。
• Its operation, entrusted to the Kyoto City association for art and culture, includes activities such as supporting art-related artivities, collecting and sending out information, executing 'Artist In Rsidence Programs' and promoting interactions between artists and other local people are carried out.

• 障害者等につき、地域活動支援センターその他の厚生労働省令で定める施設に通わせ、創作的活動又は生産活動の機会の提供、社会との交流の促進その他の厚生労働省令で定める便宜を供与する事業
• Service that offers persons with disabilities, others opportunities for creative or productive activities and which promotes their interaction with their communities and provides other conveniences prescribed in Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare by enabling them to commute to community activity support centers or other facilities prescribed in Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.

• 両締約国は、善隣友好の精神に基づき、かつ、平等及び互恵並びに内政に対する相互不干渉の原則に従い、両国間の経済関係及び文化関係の一層の発展並びに両国民の交流の促進のために努力する。
• The Contracting parties shall, in the good-neighborly and friendly spirit and in conformity with the principles of equality and mutual benefit and non-interference in each other's internal affairs, endeavor to further develop economic and cultural relations between the two countries and to promote exchanges between the peoples of the two countries.

• 発祥は定かではないが、江戸時代において酒田は米の積み出し港として栄え、北前航路（西廻り）を通じて京都との交流があったことから、おそらく北前船によって伝えられたものと考えられている。
• Its origin is unclear, but it is thought that it was probably brought by Kitamaebune (a trading ship in Edo and Meiji period) because Sakata flourished as a rice port in Edo period and had contacts with Kyoto via Kitamae route (traveling west).

• しかしそれだけではなく、藤原京は唐との交流が途絶えた時期に造られたため、古い書物（『周礼』）に基づいた設計を行ったと考えられ、当時の中国の都城と比しても類例のないものとなっていた。
• However in addition, because Fujiwarakyo was constructed in a period when interaction with Tang was disrupted, it seemed to have been designed in accordance with the old book ('Shurei (Rites of Zhou)') and it has no comparable example among capitals of China of the era.

• また、出兵に参加した大名たちによって連れてこられた朝鮮人儒学者との学問や書画文芸での交流、そして陶工が大陸式の磁器の製法、瓦の装飾などを伝えたことで日本の文化に新たな一面を加えた。
• New aspects were added to Japanese culture by intercommunion in scholarship and calligraphy and painting as well as creative writing with Korean Confucians who were brought to Japan by daimyo who took part in dispatch to Korea and transmission by potters of manufacturing process of continental ceramics and the decoration of roof tiles.

• 2006年9月24日から北陸本線長浜～敦賀間とともに、交流電化であった湖西線永原～近江塩津間も直流化され、10月21日から一部の新快速が北陸本線敦賀駅まで直通運転している（後述）。
• The Kosei Line between Nagahara Station and Omi-Shiotsu Station, which had been AC-electrified, was DC-electrified on September 24, 2006 as well as the Hokuriku Main Line between Nagahama Station and Tsuruga Station, and the special rapid train running through to Tsuruga Station on the Hokuriku Main Line has been partially operated since October 21, 2006 (described later).

• また韓国の考古学者の中にも、民族主義の影響を強く受けた従来の自国の研究者の学説を厳しく批判し、この時期の韓半島と日本列島の交流が極めて密接なものであったことを指摘する者が現れている。
• Some South Korean archaeologists now sharply criticize conventional theories by Korean researchers strongly affected by nationalism and they point out that the interaction between the Korean Peninsula and the Japanese archipelago at the time was extremely inseparable.

• 1989年（平成元年）4月 文化学術研究交流施設の準備室が大阪市内に置かれる（施設を設置運営する会社名を京都、大阪、奈良をソフトに表現して「けいはんな」とすることを賢人会議で決定）。
• April 1989: The Preparation Room of a Cultural and Research Interaction Facility was set up in Osaka City (the Wisemen group decided to call the operating company of the facilities 'KEIHANNA,' which has a soft sound and represents Kyoto, Nara, and Osaka).

• 国は、国民の水産業及び漁村に対する理解と関心を深めるとともに、健康的でゆとりのある生活に資するため、都市と漁村との間の交流の促進、遊漁船業の適正化その他必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
• The State shall take necessary measure such as promotion of exchange between urban areas and fishing villages and rationalization of recreational fishing vessels to enhance public understanding and interest in fishery industry and fishing villages, and to contribute to healthy and comfortable life.

• 国は、国民の農業及び農村に対する理解と関心を深めるとともに、健康的でゆとりのある生活に資するため、都市と農村との間の交流の促進、市民農園の整備の推進その他必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
• The State shall take necessary measures such as encouraging exchanges between urban and rural areas, and promoting improvement of allotment gardens, in order to enhance public understanding and awareness of agriculture and rural areas and to contribute to healthy and comfortable life.

• 彼女は和歌六人党（藤原範永・平棟仲・藤原経衡・源頼実・源頼家（歌人）・源兼長）の歌道の指導的立場にあったばかりでなく、能因法師・和泉式部・源経信などとの交流もそれぞれの家集から伺える。
• She was a kind of leader of waka poetry in the group of six waka poets (FUJIWARA no Norinaga, TAIRA no Munenaka, FUJIWARA no Tsunehira, MINAMOTO no Yorizane, MINAMOTO no Yoriie (poet), and MINAMOTO no Kanenaga), and her personal collection of poetry shows her friendships with the Noin priest Izumi Shikibu, as well as MINAMOTO no Tsunenobu.

• 西洋との交流が始まった最初期は西洋のキリスト教による影響を鑑みて江戸幕府は蘭学の禁止を打ち出していたが、八代征夷大将軍徳川吉宗公の代に改革の一部として解禁され日本の蘭学史が幕を開けた。
• Although western learning had been banned by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), which was concerning about the effect of Christianity, at the earliest stage of the commerce between the West, the ban was lifted as a part of the reformation in the period of Yoshimune TOKUGAWA, the 8th seii taishogun (literally, great general who subdues the barbarians) and the history of Rangaku in Japan was started.

• 大西は昭和41年（1966年）に月2回の北法相宗仏教文化講座を開始、昭和49年（1974年）には日中友好仏教協会を設立するなど、仏教を通じた国際交流、平和運動、文化活動などに尽力した。
• Onishi devoted himself to promote the international exchange, the peace movement, cultural activities, etc. through Buddhism, which is shown in his achievements such as launching the bimonthly 'Hoso sect Buddhism culture course' in 1966 and establishing 'The Japan-China Friendship Association of Buddhism' in 1974.

• 永正14年（1517年）頃より更年期障害と想定される健康の悪化が見られるものの、鞍馬寺や清水寺などの寺社参詣や親族、細川高国など有力者との交流ぶりが『後法成寺日記』などに記されている。
• Although her health deteriorated after 1517, presumably from menopause, it is depicted in 'Gohojoji Nikki' that she visited temples including Kurama-dera Temple and Kiyomizu-dera Temple, and associated with relatives and influential figures such as Takakuni HOSOKAWA.

• 近衛忠熙、鷹司政通、一条忠香ら摂関家の当主が主なパトロンであり、他久我建通、万里小路正房、坊城俊克、勧修寺顕彰、広幡基豊、千種有功らとも交流があり、特に堀河康親とは親しく交流していた。
• His main patrons were family heads of Sekkan-ke (the families which produced the Regent and the Chief Adviser to the Emperor) including Tadahiro KONOE, Masamichi TAKATSUKASA and Tadaka ICHIJO, and he also maintained interchanges with Takemichi KOGA, Naofusa MADENOKOJI, Toshikatsu BOJO, Akiteru KAJUJI, Mototoyo HIROHATA, Arikoto CHIGUSA, and, above all, closely with Yasuchika HORIKAWA.

• これにより、湖西線を北陸方面に直通する電気車両は車上で交流と直流の切り替えのできるもの、つまり国鉄485系電車などの交直流電車と交直流両用の国鉄EF81形電気機関車電気機関車に限られた。
• Because of this, electric cars going through to the Hokuriku area on the Kosei Line were limited to cars capable of switching AC and DC thereon, namely AC/DC electric cars such as JNR/JR Limited Express Series 485 and JNR/JR Electric Locomotive Type EF81for AC/DC electric cars.

• 米国の電気技師で発明者（クロアチア生まれだが、セルビア人の家系）で、交流電流の原則を発見し、最初の交流誘導電動機とテスラコイルと発振器のいくつかの形態を開発した（1856年−1943年）
• United States electrical engineer and inventor (born in Croatia but of Serbian descent) who discovered the principles of alternating currents and developed the first alternating-current induction motor and the Tesla coil and several forms of oscillators (1856-1943)

• われわれは彼らの正義心、そして度量の大きさに訴えかけてきて、われわれの間のつながりや交流を断ち切ってしまうようなこれらの略奪行為をやめるように、血縁の結びつきをつかって思い起こさせてきた。
• We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence.

• 日本で初めて教育委員会と大学が締結した協定で、相互の人的・知的資源の交流・活性をはかり、相互に連携・協力して研究・協議を行い、その成果を双方の教育の充実・発展に寄与することを目的としている。
• This agreement is the first one in Japan concluded between the board of education and the university, and its objectives are to exchange and vitalize human and intellectual resources mutually, to research and discuss the education cooperatively, and to make use of the result of those activities for enriching and developing the education both sides.

• 皇籍を離脱した後も皇室の親戚という立場には変わりがなく（皇族ではないが民法上天皇の親族である者もいる）、皇室の親族が所属する親睦団体の菊栄親睦会に所属して現在でも皇室と親しく交流を続けている。
• Even after some people were demoted to subject, they were still related to Imperial Family, (some people are no longer part of the Imperial Family, but are still relatives to the emperor under civil law), they are members of Kikuei Shinbokukai, a friendship group that Imperial relatives belong to, and continue to socialize with the Imperial Family.

• 古来より永きに渡って琉球と並んで日本と大陸との交流におけるパイプ役を果たしてきた朝鮮半島が敵対国家に渡ることは、日本にとって戦略的に致命的な弱点を握られることを意味していると考えたためである。
• This was because Japan thought if the Korean Peninsula, which had acted as an intermediary for exchanges between Japan and the continent since ancient times, together with Ryukyu, was possessed by an adversarial country, it would catch hold of a strategically fatal weakness of Japan.

• 大江山の位置する丹後地方は古くから大陸との交流が深く、渡来人は高度な金属精錬技術により大江山で金工に従事、多くの富を蓄積していた、これに目を付けた都の勢力は兵を派遣、富を収奪し支配下に置いた。
• The Tango region where the mountain range is located had close contacts with the Asian continent from ancient times, and immigrants were engaged in metal work; with their advanced technique in metal refining, and having accumulated a large fortune, those who recognized this in the capital sent an army to pillage the wealth, and rule the region.

• 文化学術研究地区とは、文化学術研究施設・文化学術研究交流施設を整備し、公共施設・公益的施設・住宅施設などを整備すべき地区で、関係府県知事が作成した建設に関する計画によってその区域が定められる。
• A cultural and academic research zone indicates the area that is included in the construction plans compiled by the prefectural governors concerned and where public facilities, facilities for public benefits and housing facilities are to be constructed in addition to scientific research facilities and facilities for promoting exchange of scientific researches.

• 宗祇との交流は文明 (日本)9年（1477年）に初めてその記述が見られ、長享2年（1488年）に宗祇が北陸に下向する際には「旅先で自分が死んだら、聞書などを実隆に譲る」と約束されるまでになる。
• The friendship with Sogi was first written in the diary in 1477, and when he set off to the Hokuriku district in 1488, he promised Sanetaka 'to give verbatim records and other writings if he died at the place where he was traveling.'

• 外交面では、北九州が古来中国の王朝や朝鮮半島などとの交流の玄関的機能を果たしていたという背景もあり、海外使節を接待するための迎賓館である鴻臚館（こうろかん）が那津（現在の福岡市中心部）に置かれた。
• Due to the fact that Kitakyushu had played a role as a front gate to interact with dynasties in China and Korean Peninsula since ancient times, Korokan, a State Guest House to entertain foreign emissaries, was placed in Natsu (present central Fukuoka City).

• このままでは朝鮮の近代化はおぼつかないと感じた金玉均・朴泳孝・徐載弼らの開化派（独立党）人士らは福澤諭吉や大隈重信をはじめ一足先に近代化を果たした日本の政財界の代表者達に接触し、交流を深めてゆく。
• Members of the Korean Progressive group (Independent Party) such as Ok-gyun KIM, Yong-hyo PAK and Jae-pil SEO, who thought that modernization might not be attained if Korea stayed as it was, contacted Yukichi FUKUZAWA, Shigenobu OKUMA and some of the key people in the political and business world in Japan that succeeded in modernization earlier and deepened their friendship.

• このままでは朝鮮の近代化はおぼつかないと感じた金玉均・朴泳孝・徐載弼らの開化派（独立党）人士らは、福澤諭吉や大隈重信をはじめ一足先に近代化を果たした日本の政財界の代表者達に接触し、交流を深めてゆく。
• Ok-gyun KIM, Yong-hyo PAK, and Jae-pil SEO of the Progressive Party (Independent Party), who had doubts about the modernization of Korea under this situation, reached the political and financial leaders of the early-modernized Japan, including Yukichi FUKUZAWA and Shigenobu OKUMA, and deepened exchanges with them.

• 上国家は、一般的に湊家と称し、遅くとも天文 (元号)年間には京都扶持衆となっていること、代々「左衛門佐」を名乗り本願寺や細川氏とも誼を通じるなど中央との交流があったこと等が史料から確認されていること。
• Based on the historical materials, the following facts were confirmed; the Kaminokuni family usually used the name of Minato family, and at latest in the Tenmon era, the family was raised to Kyoto fuchishu (warriors from Kanto or Tohoku region in the Muromachi Period, who served Seii taishogun in Kyoto under a direct master-servant relationship), and that, the family had a certain connection with the central government as associating with Hongan-ji Temple and the Hosokawa clan, and the family proclaimed itself 'Saemon no suke' (assistant captain of the Left Division of Outer Palace Guards) for generations.

• 直武の絵画における弟子としては、蘭癖大名として知られる熊本藩主細川重賢とも交流のあった藩主佐竹曙山、北家当主（角館城代）佐竹義躬、藩士田代忠国・荻津勝孝・菅原寅吉、久保田藩御用絵師菅原虎三などがいる。
• Shozan SATAKE, a feudal lord known for his association with the lord of the Kumamoto clan Shigekata HOSOKAWA who was known for his hot temper, Yoshimi SATAKE, the family head of the Northern House of the Satake clan (the Keeper of Kakunodate-jo Castle), as well as statesmen including Tadakuni TASHIRO, Katsutaka OGITSU, Torakichi SUGAWARA and Torazo SUGAWARA, a painter of the Kubota clan, were all among Naotake's painting disciples.

• また一方で一品宮資子内親王や後の大斎院選子内親王（共に村上天皇皇女、母は中宮安子）、円融天皇中宮藤原こう子等との交流も親しく、規子内親王と共に伊勢へ下向した後も折に触れてこまやかな便りを交わしている。
• Moreover, Queen Kishi was close and affectionate with many ladies, including Imperial Princess Ippon-nomiya Shishi and Imperial Princess Daisai-in Senshi (both daughters of Emperor Murakami and Empress Anshi) as well as FUJIWARA no Koshi, Empress to Emperor Enyu, and occasionally exchanged quite delicate letters with them even after traveling together with her daughter Imperial Princess Kishi to Ise.

• 一方で、北部（福知山市、舞鶴市、宮津市など）は北近畿とも呼ばれ、旧但馬国（現在の兵庫県北部）や旧若狭国（現在の福井県嶺南地方）との交流が深く、京都市との交流は旧但馬国や嶺南（旧若狭国）に比べると浅い。
• On the other hand, the northern area (including Fukuchiyama City, Maizuru City and Miyazu City), which is sometimes called the Kita Kinki region, is closely related to former Tajima Province (the present northern area of Hyogo Prefecture) and former Wakasa Province (the present Reinan area of Fukui Prefecture), but is not so closely related to Kyoto City, compared with the areas of the two former provinces described above.

• このように、茂義は、幕府韮山代官江川英龍などが着目する前から、高島秋帆と深い交流を持っており、天保6年（1835年）には高島が日本で初めて鋳造した西洋式大砲（青銅製モルチール砲）が茂義に献上されている。
• As described above, before Hidetatsu EGAWA, Nirayama Daikan of the bakufu, paid attention to Shuhan TAKASHIMA, Shigeyoshi had had deep exchange with Shuhan TAKASHIMA, and in 1835, he was presented with a Western gun (bronze mortar gun), which was fabricated for the first time in Japan by Takashima.

• 長時間の全交流電源喪失または複数ユニットの同時事故、あるいはその両者同時発生の場合に、適正な施設に適切なレベルの権限と監督が存在していることを確実にするために、指揮・管理構造と意思決定者の資質を評価する。
• Evaluate the command and control structure and the qualifications of decisionmakers to ensure that the proper level of authority and oversight exists in the correct facility for a long-term SBO or multiunit accident or both.

• 沖縄では、大正13年（1924年）、「唐手研究倶楽部」が設立され、大正15年（1926年）には「沖縄唐手倶楽部」へと発展しながら、在沖縄の唐手の大家が一堂に会して、唐手の技術交流と共同研究の試みが行われた。
• In Okinawa, the Karate Study Club was set up in 1924 and developed into the Okinawa Karate Club in 1926, whereby karate grand masters in Okinawa gathered together to promote the exchange of karate techniques and carry out collaborative research on karate on a trial basis.

• 川・堀の水路網と蔵は江戸を象徴する町並の特徴であり、蔵造りの町並が残された川越市、栃木市、佐原市などの関東地方の河港都市は、江戸に似た構造という点や江戸と交流が深かったという点から「小江戸」と呼ばれている。
• Channel networks of rivers and moats and kura (the earthen-walled storehouses) characterized the Edo cityscape, and those river port cities in the Kanto area where the kura cityscape have survived such as Kawagoe, Tochigi, and Sawara are called 'small Edo' for their architectural resemblance to Edo and the fact that these cities were actively traded with Edo.

• 国は、国民の森林及び林業に対する理解と関心を深めるとともに、健康的でゆとりのある生活に資するため、都市と山村との間の交流の促進、公衆の保健又は教育のための森林の利用の促進その他必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
• The State shall take necessary measures such as encouraging exchanges between urban and mountain villages, and promoting public health or use of forests for education , in order to enhance public understanding and awareness of forest and forestry and to contribute to healthy and comfortable life.

• 北陸本線の米原～長浜間は、1991年9月に田村駅～長浜間が交流電化から直流電化に変更された際に琵琶湖線に加えられたが、2006年10月に直流電化に変更された同線の長浜～敦賀駅間は琵琶湖線に加えられていない。
• The section between Maibara and Nagahama of the Hokuriku Main Line was added to the Biwako Line when the section between Tamura Station and Nagahama was changed from AC electrification to DC electrification in September 1991; however, the same line between Nagahama and Tsuruga Station, which was changed to DC electrification in October 2006, was not added to the Biwako Line.

• 嘉永6年（1853年）アメリカのマシュー・ペリー率いる艦隊が来航して通商を求めた際には、水戸徳川家の徳川斉昭や薩摩藩主の島津斉彬とともに海防強化や攘夷を主張するが、老中の阿部正弘らと交流して開国派に転じる。
• When the American fleets led by Matthew PERRY came to Japan to ask for commerce in 1853, he insisted on reinforcement in marine defense and expulsion of foreigners together with Nariaki TOKUGAWA from the Mito-Tokugawa family and Nariakira SHIMAZU, the lord of the Satsuma Domain, but turned to the open country wing after interaction with Masahiro ABE, Roju (senior councilor of the Tokugawa shogunate).

• 百済が倭国へ仏教を伝えたのも、倭へ先進文化を伝えることで交流を深めること、また東方伝播の実績をもって仏教に心酔していた梁武帝の歓心を買うことなど、外交を有利にするためのツールとして利用したという側面があった。
• Baekje's transmission of Buddhism to Wakoku (Japan) had an aspect that he utilized it as a tool to take an advantage in diplomacy with deepening the relationship by introducing the latest culture to Japan and gaining the favor of Han Wudi of Liang, who was fascinated with Buddhism, with a result of propagation to the eastern country.

• このため一時、所属する真宗大谷派の僧籍を離れる（還俗）ことがあったが、同派出身の南条文雄・ 井上円了・ 清沢満之らをはじめ幅広い分野の人々と交流、終始一貫、近代的な仏教研究と教育体制の充実・整備に力を注いだ。
• This resulted in him leaving the priesthood of Shinshu sect Otani school he belonged to (exclaustration) for a while; he interacted with people from various fields including Bunyu NANJO from the same faction, Enryo INOUE, Manshi KIYOZAWA, and consistently strived to improve and maintain the research of modern Buddhism and educational system.

• その後公家の三条西公条をはじめ、織田信長・明智光秀・豊臣秀吉・三好長慶・細川幽斎・島津義久・最上義光など多数の武将とも交流を持ち、天正10年（1582年）、明智光秀が行った「愛宕百韻」に参加したことは有名である。
• Later, he had relationship with the court noble Kineda SANJONISHI, and a lot of military commanders Nobunaga ODA, Mitsuhide AKECHI, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, Nagayoshi MIYOSHI, Yusai HOSOKAWA, Yoshihisa SHIMAZU, and Yoshiaki MOGAMI and so on, and it is well-known that he participated in 'Atagohyakuin' conducted by Mitsuhide AKECHI in 1582.

• 耽羅の歴史的な記録としては3世紀の中国の史書『三国志 (歴史書)』魏志東夷伝に見える州胡が初見であるが、『高麗史』地理志には倭との関係を伝える伝説も記載されており、古くから日本と交流があったらしいことが推察される。
• The first appearance of Tamna in historical records is as Juho (present Jeju Island) in Weizhi Dongyi zhuan (Records of Wei Concerning Eastern Barbarians) in 'Sangokushi (Three Kingdoms Saga)', a Chinese history book written in the third century, but the Geographical Record of the 'History of Goryeo' also records a legend which reports its relationship with Wa (Japan) suggesting its interaction with Japan from the ancient times.

• オランダ商館医官と日本人医師との交流の場は、出島、もしくは商館長に随行して江戸を訪れた際の蘭人宿舎に限定されたが、それでも彼らの医学的知識は、オランダ語の解剖学や外科学の書物とともに、日本の医学に大きな影響を与えた。
• Although interchanges between Dutch Trading Post's medical officers and Japanese doctors were limited to Dejima or inns for the Dutch officers who visited Edo in attendance with their head, their medical knowledge, along with Dutch books on anatomy and surgery, had a great influence on Japanese medicine.

• こうしたモンブランと薩摩藩との交流にともない、1867年（慶応3年）にパリで行われたパリ万国博覧会 (1867年)においては、薩摩藩はモンブランを代理人として、幕府とは別名義の出展者として参加、出品することとなった。
• As a result of their association with Montblanc, the Satsuma clan joined the Paris Expo in 1867 and participated as a nominally different exhibitor from the bakufu with Montblanc as their representative.

• 転地療養先では地元住民との交流も行われたようで、箱根塔ノ沢環水楼（和宮湯治時は中田暢平旅館）中野敬次郎氏に1960年代、当時98歳の平塚きわという老婆が幼い頃、村の子供達を招待して菓子を振舞われた宮の思い出を語っている。
• It seemed Kazunomiya had some contact with the local people where she stayed to rest up, Keijiro NAKANO of Kansuiro, Tonosawa, Hakone (it was Choan TODA Hotel while Kazunomiya stayed in the hot-spring resort) remembers an old lady, Kiwa HIRATSUKA who was ninety eight years old at that time, talking about Kazunomiya, that she used to have children of the village over to give some sweets during 1960s.

• 1965年以来フィレンツェ市は京都市の姉妹都市で、四十周年を記念して始めた「錦市場でフィレンツェ・トスカーナを捜そう」（2005年1月 -）などのイベントを通じ、錦市場がフィレンツェと食文化交流を続けてきた成果の一つである。
• Since 1965, Firenze has had a sister city relationship with Kyoto City, and the event called 'Let's look for Firenze, Toscana at the Nishiki Market' (January, 2005 -) began in order to commemorate the 40th anniversary of their friendship, and was one achievement that the Nishiki Market has produced through their food-based cultural exchange with Firenze.

• 規模はきわめて小規模で、当面の目標も栃木県庁落成式に出席する政府高官への襲撃程度のものであったが、自由党急進派は、前年の1883年（明治16年）後半以降、圧制打倒をめざして頻繁な交流を図り、同志的結合を強めていく傾向にあった。
• It was quite small in scale and its immediate aim was only attacking high-ranking government officials who attended the Tochigi Prefectural Government inauguration ceremony: Since the latter half of 1833 of the previous year, the Liberal Party radicals had frequent meetings and were in a direction of strengthening the unity of the like-minded members.

• その後、東京オリンピック（1964年）や大阪万博（1970年）などの国際交流や大手メーカーのPRを通じて、本格的なワインに対する一般の認知度も高まり、ブドウを果物として生食することとは別に、飲用として摂取することも広まってきた。
• After that, through international exchanges such as Tokyo Olympic Games (1964) and Osaka Expo (1970) as well as PR (public relations) activities by large manufactures, public awareness of authentic wine increased, and aside from eating fresh grapes as fruit, intake of wine grapes also spread.

• このほか、不白の門人の石塚宗通が代々伝えた流れでは明治になって岡倉天心と交流があったことで有名であり、また同じく不白の門人で川上渭白が伝えた流れには岸田劉生夫人の岸田蓁（しげる）がいて、6代川上渭白と称して江戸千家渭白流を再興した。
• Elsewhere, in the tea ceremony passed on from Sotsu ISHIZUKA, a student of Fuhaku, masters in the Meiji period were famous for their exchanges with Tenshin OKAKURA, and again, in the tea ceremony passed on by Ihaku KAWAKAMI, another student of Fuhaku, one of the masters was Shigeru KISHIDA, the wife of Ryusei KISHIDA, who was designated as the sixth master of Ihaku KAWAKAMI and then restored the Edosenke Ihaku school.

• このことは特に陳献章の弟子湛若水（甘泉）と王守仁とに交流があること、また王守仁と陳献章との学問的関係も絶無とされないことなどが注目され、明初期の江南地方の儒学者と、明中期以後の陽明学者との関係を意味づけるものと考えられる場合もある。
• One important aspect of this is that Zhan Ruoshui (Ganquan), a disciple of Chen Xianzhang, had exchanges with Wang Shouren (Wang Yangming) and, also, that the existence of a scholarly relationship between Wang Shouren and Chen Xianzhang cannot be denied; thus, some believe that all those indicate a relationship between the Confucians in the Jian Nang area in the early Ming period and the scholars of Yomei-gaku after the middle of the Ming period.

• 江戸時代を通じて朝鮮通信使一行のための迎賓館として使用された備後国鞆の浦（現在の広島県福山市鞆町）の福禅寺境内の現在の本堂と隣接する客殿（対潮楼）は江戸時代の1690年（元禄3年）に建立され、日本の漢学者や書家らとの交流の場となった。
• The guest hall (called Taichoro) adjacent to the present main hall in the premises of Fukuzen-ji Temple in the Tomonouwa of the Bingo Province was built in 1690 in the Edo period and was used as a state guest hall for Chosen Tsushinshi throughout the Edo period, also becoming a place where Japanese scholars of the Chinese classics and Japanese calligraphers interacted with Tsushinshi.

• 太皇太后・藤原多子の職事を長年に渡って務めた関係から、歌壇の中心である徳大寺家の徳大寺実定・実家（多子の兄弟）、女流歌人・小侍従局（多子の女房）、六条藤家の藤原清輔（太皇太后宮職における上司）・藤原重家 (刑部卿)と親密な交流があった。
• As he had been in the service of the Dowager Empress, FUJIWARA no Tashi, in the Imperial household agency for many years, he had established a close relationships with the main members of the poetry circles, including the Tokudaiji brothers, Sanesada and Saneie (Tashi's brothers), Kojiju no tsubone (Tashi's maid), FUJIWARA no Kiyosuke from the Rokujo-Fujiwara family (Tunemori's superior in the Imperial household agency), and FUJIWARA no Shigeie (the Lord of Justice).

• 事業者は、前項第五号に掲げる絶縁用保護具、活線作業用器具及び絶縁用防具で、直流で七百五十ボルト以下又は交流で三百ボルト以下の充電電路に対して用いられるものにあつては、当該充電電路の電圧に応じた絶縁効力を有するものを使用しなければならない。
• The employer shall, as regards personal insulating protective equipment, live line work instruments and an insulating device listed in item (v) of the preceding paragraph, which are used for a charged circuit of 750 V or less for direct current or of 300 V for alternative current or less, use those having an insulating effect corresponding to the voltage of the said charged circuit.

• このように現在伝えられる聖徳太子像は、様式上の問題点と同時に、阿佐太子に対する記録が大韓民国側資料にはないという事実によって、未解決の課題だが、三国時代 (朝鮮半島)当時の百済と日本との活発な交流を考慮すれば、その可能性は充分に認められる。
• It is quite possible that Prince Asa did make a portrait of Prince Shotoku, considering the active cultural exchange between Baekje and Japan at that time, during the Three Kingdoms period (of Korean history); however, the matter is still in doubt, due to stylistic problems with such an attribution and the fact that historical records in the Republic of Korea do not mention Prince Asa.

• だが、戦場にあっては長谷堂の戦いの様な逸話を残し、一方で古今典籍に通じ文人との交流を好んだ文武両道の人物というイメージは、その戦歴や『前田慶次道中日記』などの数少ない資料から得られる人物像と照らし合わせて見る限りでは、極端に外れてはいない。
• However, based on his war history and the little historic information currently available, such as the 'Maeda Keiji Dochu Nikki (Diary of the Travels of Keiji Maeda)', the stories of his actions at the Battle of Hasedo and the image of him as both a good warrior and a respected scholar of old and new literature who enjoyed the company of writers, is probably not be too far from the truth.

• また江戸時代には、対外的には長崎出島での中国・オランダとの交流と対馬藩を介しての李氏朝鮮との交流以外は外国との交流を禁止する鎖国政策を採った（ただし、実際には薩摩に支配された琉球による対明・清交易や渡島半島の松前氏による北方交易が存在した）。
• In the Edo period, as a foreign policy, the shogunate government adopted the national seclusion policy which banned interactions with foreign countries other than those with China and the Netherlands in Dejima island in Nagasaki and Yi Dynasty of Korea through the Tsushima Domain, (although actually Ryukyu under the control of the Satsuma Domain commerced with Ming and Qing, and the Matsumae clan in Oshima Peninsula traded with the Ainu).

• 炉心及び使用済み燃料プール冷却や一次格納容器隔離及び原子炉冷却系統の健全性確保は(必須の計装や制御を含み)、交流電源に依存しない(例えば、タービン駆動、デイーゼル駆動、直流電源駆動、空気作動または静的受動システム)機器により実現される必要がある。
• Core and spent fuel pool cooling would need to be provided and primary containment isolation capability and reactor coolant system integrity maintained by equipment (including essential instrumentation and controls) independent of ac power (e.g., turbine-driven, diesel-driven, dc-operated, air-operated, or passive systems).

• 舞鶴港が1951年（昭和27年）に重要港湾に指定、また1995年（平成7年）には日本海側港湾では初めてFAZ（輸入促進地域）の指定を受けるなど、中華人民共和国や大韓民国、ロシアなど定期コンテナ航路を有する国際貿易港を持つ交流・物流都市としての性格を持つ。
• Since Maizuru Port was designated as an Important Port in 1951 and also designated the first among the Japan Sea coast ports as FAZ (Foreign Access Zone), it has thus taken on the characteristic of a logistics/trade city functioning as an international trade port with periodical container carrier routes between the People's Republic of China, Republic of Korea and Russian Federation.

• したがって、出家者が生存するためには身体を維持させるために最低限の食料を出家者以外から調達する必要があり、そうした状況下から、ふだん山地や森林で修行しその他の人々とは関わることが少ない出家者と、町村で生活している信者との間に托鉢による交流関係が発生した。
• Because of this, monks needed to supply the least amount of food required to maintain their bodies from believers other than the monks, and under such a situation, exchanges between monks, who are usually involved in ascetic practices in mountains and woods and do not relate much to other people, and believers who live in towns and villages were born.

• 京都府とトスカーナ州の「経済・環境交流提携等に関する協定」（2006年11月締結）について山田啓二京都府知事と会談するため初来日したトスカーナ州のクラウディオ・マルティーニ (itClaudio Martini) 州知事も同イベント会場を友好訪問している。
• Claudio MARTINI, President of Tuscany, who made a first trip to Japan to have a meeting with Keiji YAMADA, Governor of Kyoto Prefecture, also paid a friendly visit to the promotion event; the purpose of the meeting was to discuss 'An agreement about economy and environmental exchange' (concluded in November, 2006) between Kyoto Prefecture and Toscany.

• 一方、南西諸島を経由した中国大陸との交流が活発化しており、朝廷は覓国使（べっこくし、くにまぎのつかい）と呼ばれる調査隊を組織して九州南部と南西諸島の調査を行っていたが、700年（文武天皇4年）に覓国使が九州南部各地で現地住民から威嚇を受ける事件が発生した。
• On the other hand, trade with Chinese continent via Southwest Islands was increasing, and the Imperial court organized an investigative team called Bekkokushi or Kunimagi no Tsukai to conduct research on the southern Kyushu and Southwest Islands but, in 700, Bekkokushi encountered threatening attacks by indigenous people in various places of southern Kyushu.

• 同様に交流電化で列車本数が少なく、米原以西への直通がなかった湖北地区に「新快速の直通を」という機運が高まり、湖西と湖北地区の相互交流も、この交直セクションのために直通電車が少なく不便であったので、これらを解消するためにも直流化工事は地元の重要課題であった。
• Likewise, in the Kohoku area, where the line was AC-electrified and thus operated with only a few trains, and a through-train to Maibara Station and stations to the west of Maibara Station didn't exist, 'the special rapid train' gathered momentum; since the transfer among the Kosei and Kohoku areas was inconvenient because of the existence of the AC/DC section and a few through-trains being operated, the construction for the DC electrification was the important challenge for the local governments so as to overcome these problems.

• この大宝度の遣使の目的は、白村江の戦い以来冷却していた唐との交流を回復するとともに、天武天皇以来の改革で日本に本格的首都および律令体制が完成したこと、天皇号および「日本」の国号が成立したことを唐に対して宣言することなどを目的とする、非常に重要な使節であった。
• The purposes of this extremely important envoy of Taiho era were to restore the diplomatic relations with Tang which had been precarious since the Battle of Hakusukinoe, to proclaim to Tang the establishment of the full-scale capital and Ritsuryo system in Japan as a result of the reform since the time of Emperor Tenmu, as well as the foundation of the title of the emperor and the name of the country as 'Nihon' (Japan).

• しかし最澄は弟子をして空海に借経を繰り返し、「理趣釈経（理趣経の解説本）」を借りようとしたところ、ついに空海から拒絶され、また最澄の一番弟子である泰範など諸弟子たちが空海の元へ行って比叡山へ帰らなかったことなど、さまざまな理由から最澄と空海の交流が断たれた。
• After learning sutra again and again from Kukai as a disciple, Saicho tried to use 'Rishishakukyo' (explanation of Rishu-kyo (Principle of Wisdom Sutra)) but was finally rejected by Kukai, and also, Saicho's best disciple Taihan and other disciples went over to Kukai and did not return back to Mt. Hiei, and for those and other reasons, exchange between Saicho and Kukai disappeared.

• その後長きにわたって、通称として富士門流または日興門流と呼ばれた「日興の日蓮宗」の流れを汲む諸派は、勝劣派・一致派48本山が戦前の宗教政策により連合した日蓮宗とは教義的にも宗教行為の交流はないが、学術面での交流を持っており、日蓮宗僧侶が大石寺を訪れることがある。
• Since then, the various schools which derived from 'Nichiren Sect of Nikko' and commonly called Fujimon School or Nikkomon School for a long time, have no doctrinally interaction and religious communication with Nichiren Sect, the combination of forty-eight honzan of Shoretsu School and Itchi School (of the Nichiren sect) under the religious policy before the War, however, they have academically interaction with them and sometimes monks from Nichiren Sect visited Taiseki-ji Temple.

• また、倭は長い交流を通じて中国の社会制度・文化や外交儀礼に詳しいはずなのに、初期の遣隋使派遣では、ヤマト王権は外交儀礼に疎く、国書も持たず遣使したとされる（第1回遣隋使派遣は『日本書紀』に記載がなく『隋書』にあるのみ、また『日本書紀』では遣隋使のことが「遣唐使」となっている）。
• Furthermore, it is said that the ken-suishi in the early period were not familiar with diplomatic courtesy and they visited China without the sovereign's message, which is questionable because Wa should have been very familiar with the social system, culture, or diplomatic courtesies in China from the longtime cultural exchange (the first ken-suishi was not described in 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), was described only in Suishu (the Book of the Sui Dynasty), while ken-suishi was described as `kento-shi' (Japanese envoy to Tang Dynasty China) in the 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan).

• 国は、ものづくり基盤産業における事業活動の効率化、高度化等を図るため、自然的経済的社会的条件からみて一体である地域における工業団地等の施設の整備、ものづくり事業者の交流又は連携の推進等ものづくり事業者の新たな集積の促進又は既存の集積の有する機能の強化に必要な施策を講ずるものとする。
• In order to ensure the increased efficiency and sophistication of, and any other improvements in, business activities in the core manufacturing industry, the State shall take necessary measures for promoting a new agglomeration of manufacturing business operators and strengthening the functions of the existing agglomeration, such as the establishment of such facilities as industrial parks and the promotion of exchange and cooperation among manufacturing business operators in an area that is regarded as a single domain in light of natural, economic and social conditions.

• しかし広元が和田義盛の乱の際しての軍勢召集や所領訴訟に際して、執権である北条義時とともに広元が「連署」をした文書が存在することや、頼朝が強いつながりを有していなかった土御門通親などの公卿との独自の交流を有するなど、鎌倉幕府における京吏の筆頭であり、重要な地位を占めていたことは確かである。
• It is certain that Hiromoto was the head of the court officials in the Kamakura bakufu and was in a critical position, which are proved by the existence of documents with signatures of Shogunal regent Yoshitoki HOJO, and Hiromoto in gathering forces for Yoshimori WADA's disturbance and a suit for territory; and Hiromoto's own interactions with imperial nobles such as Michichika TSUCHIMIKADO whom Yoritomo didn't have any particular interactions with.

• これに伴って架線から効率よく集電するには、従来から用いられて来た1,500ボルト (単位)の直流電源より、大電力を長距離送電できる高圧交流電源を用いる方が適していたのである（日本の鉄道の交流電化方式は在来線20kV、新幹線25kVで、電圧だけでも直流電化路線の10倍以上のレベルである）。
• For this, to collect electric power from aerial power supply line efficiently, high-voltage AC electric power supplies, which enable lots of power to be conveyed for a long distance, were more suited than 1,500-V DC power supplies that had been used (of the railway lines using AC electronic power in Japan, the regular railway lines use 20 kV and the Shinkansen line used 25 kV, voltages more that ten times larger than that of the DC electric power-using lines).

• もう一つは、交流を禁止してしまったことで、ヨーロッパ（後にアメリカ合衆国も）で発達した産業革命による技術や文化を積極的に受け入れられなくなり、世界の潮流からとりのこされて科学文化が浸透せず（理系軽視）、ひいては太平洋戦争の敗戦の遠因ともなってしまった、とする和辻哲郎にみられるように否定的なものである。
• Another evaluation, typified by Tetsuro WATSUJI, argues that Japan fell behind the global current because of its inability to introduce technology and culture similar to what was being developed during the Industrial Revolution in Europe (later in the United States as well) due to its prohibition on exchanging with other countries; this not only resulted in the failure of Japan to make a scientific culture permeate throughout the nation (science courses were disregarded), but also became an underlying cause of defeat in the Pacific War.

• 高度情報通信ネットワーク社会の形成は、情報通信技術の活用による、地域経済の活性化、地域における魅力ある就業の機会の創出並びに地域内及び地域間の多様な交流の機会の増大による住民生活の充実及び利便性の向上を通じて、個性豊かで活力に満ちた地域社会の実現及び地域住民の福祉の向上に寄与するものでなければならない。
• The formation of an advanced information and telecommunications network society shall contribute to creating unique and vital local communities and improving the welfare of the local residents by stimulating local economies, creating attractive local employment opportunities, increasing the variety of opportunities for exchange within and between communities with the use of information and telecommunications technologies to enrich lifestyles and increase convenience.

• 3世紀を通じて搬入土器の量・範囲ともに他に例がなく出土土器全体の15%は駿河・尾張・近江・北陸・山陰・吉備などで生産された搬入土器で占められ、製作地域は南関東から九州北部までの広域に拡がっており、西日本の中心的位置を占める遺跡であったことは否定できないし、人々の交流センター的な役割を果たしていたことが窺える。
• The quantity and the extent of the regions bringing in the earthenware found in Makimuku Remains throughout the 3rd century is not comparable to that of the other regions; 15% of the excavated earthenware is brought from wide variety of regions in Japan from Suruga, Owari, Ohmi, Hokuriku, Sanin to Kibi regions; thus, this particular village would have been the center of the physical distribution and the cultural exchange among communities during that period.

• おしなべて、比較的交通や文化交流が高速化された近代、さらに国際化にともない電話・インターネット・電子メールなどによる情報伝達手段、航空機などによる交通輸送手段が超高速化して文化交流が盛んになった現代に至って、日本料理、ないし日本式食餌法まで含めた広義の日本料理と、異文化料理との間における相互への影響がはなはだしい。
• On the whole, in modern times when the speed of traffic and cultural interaction increased, corresponding has advanced on the international level, the cultural interaction has increased as a result of the speed of information-exchange by means of telephone, the Internet, and electronic mail and the ease of travel with the increase of airplanes has increased tremendously, nihon-ryori in the broad sense, including Japanese-style of eating as well as nihon-ryori dishes, and dishes from foreign cultures have all strongly influenced each other.

• きょう始まったこのパートナーシップは、単に寄贈された本のシェルフ（棚）ではありません。文化交流部とのパートナーシップは、日米両国の共通の価値を表しています。つまり情報やアイデアへのアクセスが地域社会を強くし、日米間のパートナーシップと相互理解を推し進めた確かな知識は、両国にとって極めて有益であるという、共通の信念です。
• The partnership we inaugurate today represents more than a shelf of donated books; our partnership represents a shared value between our two countries—the shared belief that access to information and ideas gives strength to a community, and certain knowledge that increased partnership and mutual understanding between the United States and Japan benefits both countries enormously.

• 永禄2年（1559年）、上洛した謙信と交流した近衛前久は「この間は度々おいで候て、華奢なる若衆を多く集め候て、大酒までにて、たびたび夜をあかし申し候、少弼（謙信）は若いのが好みとの由承り候」と謙信を観察しており、この書状と謙信が生涯にわたって女犯を一切断ったことを結びつけて、謙信は専ら男色のみを愛好したと見る歴史家もいる。
• In 1559, while in Kyoto an acquaintance, Sakihisa KONOE, expressed his impression in a letter, 'shohitsu (assistant director of danjodai., Imperial Prosecuting and Investigating Office under the ritsuryo system) (referring to Kenshin) seemed to prefer young people as he often gathered many frail wakashu (younger members of soson village system), and often drank a lot of sake through the night,' some historians related this letter to the fact that Kenshin had no relationship with women throughout his lifetime, and concluded that he preferred men.

• 注文者は、法第三十一条第一項の場合において、請負人の労働者に交流アーク溶接機（自動溶接機を除く。）を使用させるときは、当該交流アーク溶接機に、法第四十二条の規定に基づき厚生労働大臣が定める規格に適合する交流アーク溶接機用自動電撃防止装置を備えなければならない。ただし、次の場所以外の場所において使用させるときは、この限りでない。
• The orderer shall, in the case set forth in paragraph (1) of Article 31 of the Act and when having workers of the contractor use AC arc welding equipment (excluding automatic welding equipment), provide the AC arc welding equipment with an automatic voltage reducing device which complies with the standards provided by the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare pursuant to the provision of the provision of Article 42 of the Act. However, this shall not apply to the equipment used at places other than the followings:

• 国は、世界のエネルギーの需給の安定及びエネルギーの利用に伴う地球温暖化の防止等の地球環境の保全に資するため、国際的なエネルギー機関及び環境保全機関への協力、研究者等の国際的交流、国際的な研究開発活動への参加、国際的共同行動の提案、二国間及び多国間におけるエネルギー開発協力その他の国際協力を推進するために必要な措置を講ずるように努めるものとする。
• In order to contribute to stability of world energy supply and demand and to preservation of the global environment such as prevention of global warming associated with energy use, the State shall endeavor to make the necessary arrangements for promoting cooperation with international energy organizations and environmental preservation organizations, international interchanges of researchers and other relevant persons, participation in international research and development activities, proposal of international joint actions, bilateral and multilateral cooperation in energy development and other international cooperation.

• 政府は、この法律の目的を達成するため、特定先端大型研究施設のうち研究 者等の共用に供される部分又は放射光専用施設を利用した研究等（以下「施設利用研究」という。）を行う者に対する支援、施設利用研究の促進のための方策に 関する調査研究及び施設利用研究の促進に資する国際交流の推進その他の特定先端大型研究施設の共用を促進するために必要な措置を講ずるよう努めなければな らない。
• For achieving the purpose of this Act, the government shall endeavor to support persons engaged in the Researches, etc. utilizing the portion of the Specific Advanced Large Research Facilities that is made available for public utilization by the Researchers, etc. or the Dedicated Facilities for Synchrotron Radiation (hereinafter referred to as the 'Researches Utilizing Facilities'), conduct researches and studies concerning measures to promote the Researches Utilizing Facilities, promote international exchange that would contribute to the promotion of the Researches Utilizing Facilities and take other measures necessary to promote public utilization of the Specific Advanced Large Research Facilities.

• 事業者は、第三百四十八条第一項各号に掲げる絶縁用保護具等（同項第五号に掲げるものにあつては、交流で三百ボルトを超える低圧の充電電路に対して用いられるものに限る。以下この条において同じ。）については、六月以内ごとに一回、定期に、その絶縁性能について自主検査を行わなければならない。ただし、六月を超える期間使用しない絶縁用保護具等の当該使用しない期間においては、この限りでない。
• The employer shall, as regards personal insulating protective equipment, etc., listed in each item of paragraph (1) of Article 348 (for those listed in item (v) of the same paragraph, limited to those used for an charged circuit of low voltage exceeding 300 V in alternative current; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Article), carry out self-inspections for the insulating performance, periodically once every period within six months. However, this shall not apply to the non-use period of personal insulating protective equipment, etc., which is not used for a period exceeding six months.

• また、川路聖謨、江川英龍などの幕府要人、渡辺崋山、桂川甫周などの蘭学者、箕作省吾などの地理学者、司馬江漢、谷文晁ら画家、砲術家　高島秋帆、海外渡航者の大黒屋光太夫、足立左内、潁川君平、中山作三郎ら和蘭通詞、オランダ商館長（カピタン）のスチュルレ（Johan Willem de Sturler）など、当時の政治、文化、外交の中枢にある人々と広く交流を持って洋学界にも大きく寄与した。
• He also greatly contributed to the development of western studies by his wide-ranging exchanges with the central people of that time in politics, culture, diplomacy such as Toshiakira KAWAJI and Hidetatsu EGAWA (key Edo shogunate figures), Kazan WATANABE and Hoshu KATSURAGAWA (Dutch scholars), Shogo MITSUKURI (geographer), Kokan SHIBA and Buncho TANI (painters), Shuhan TAKASHIMA (ballistic specialist), Kodayu DAIKOKUYA (returnee from Russia), Sanai ADACHI, Kunpei EGAWA, Sakusaburo NAKAYAMA (Japanese-Dutch translator), Johan Willem de Sturler (curator of Dutch trading house).

• 申請人が高等学校において教育を受けようとする場合は、年齢が二十歳以下であり、かつ、教育機関において一年以上の日本語の教育又は日本語による教育を受けていること。ただし、我が国の国若しくは地方公共団体の機関、独立行政法人、学校法人、公益社団法人又は公益財団法人の策定した学生交換計画その他これに準ずる国際交流計画に基づき生徒として受け入れられて教育を受けようとする場合は、この限りでない。
• In cases where the applicant is to study at an high school, he/she must be 20 years of age or younger and must have studied the Japanese language or must have received education in the Japanese language for at least 1 year at an educational institution; provided, however, that this shall not apply to cases where he/she is accepted for study based on a student exchange program or other equivalent international exchange program of the national government or of a local government, incorporated administrative agency, educational foundation, public interest incorporated association, or public interest incorporated foundation.

• 事業者は、船舶の二重底若しくはピークタンクの内部、ボイラーの胴若しくはドームの内部等導電体に囲まれた場所で著しく狭あいなところ又は墜落により労働者に危険を及ぼすおそれのある高さが二メートル以上の場所で鉄骨等導電性の高い接地物に労働者が接触するおそれがあるところにおいて、交流アーク溶接等（自動溶接を除く。）の作業を行うときは、交流アーク溶接機用自動電撃防止装置を使用しなければならない。
• The employer shall, when carrying out alternative current arc welding, etc. (excluding automatic welding) at places surrounded by electric conductors which are very small in space, such as inside of a double-bottom or peak tank of a vessel, of a drum or dome of a boiler, or at the place in height of 2 m or higher where it is liable to cause dangers to workers due to fall and that is liable to workers contact grounding materials with high conductivity of steel frame, etc., use an automatic voltage reducing device for alternative current arc welding machines.

• この法律は、科学技術（人文科学のみに係るものを除く。以下同じ。）に関 する試験、研究及び開発（以下「研究等」という。）を行う者（以下「研究者等」という。）による先端大型研究施設の共用を促進するための措置を講ずること により、研究等の基盤の強化を図るとともに、研究等に係る機関及び研究者等の相互の間の交流による研究者等の多様な知識の融合等を図り、もって科学技術の 振興に寄与することを目的とする。
• The purpose of this Act is, by taking measures for promoting public utilization of advanced large research facilities by persons engaged in testing, research and development (hereinafter referred to as the 'Researchers, etc.') concerning science and technology (excluding those pertaining only to humanities and social sciences; the same shall apply hereinafter) (hereinafter referred to as the 'Researches, etc.'), to facilitate reinforcement of the basis of the Researches, etc. as well as integration etc. of various knowledge held by the Researchers, etc. through exchange among institutions pertaining to the Researches, etc. and the Researchers, etc., thereby contributing to the development of science and technology.

• 高圧（直流にあつては七百五十ボルトを、交流にあつては六百ボルトを超え、七千ボルト以下である電圧をいう。以下同じ。）若しくは特別高圧（七千ボルトを超える電圧をいう。以下同じ。）の充電電路若しくは当該充電電路の支持物の敷設、点検、修理若しくは操作の業務、低圧（直流にあつては七百五十ボルト以下、交流にあつては六百ボルト以下である電圧をいう。以下同じ。）の充電電路（対地電圧が五十ボルト以下であるもの及び電信用のもの、電話用のもの等で感電による危害を生ずるおそれのないものを除く。）の敷設若しくは修理の業務又は配電盤室、変電室等区画された場所に設置する低圧の電路（対地電圧が五十ボルト以下であるもの及び電信用のもの、電話用のもの等で感電による危害の生ずるおそれのないものを除く。）のうち充電部分が露出している開閉器の操作の業務
• Work involving installation, inspection, repairing or operation of charged circuits with high voltage (meaning circuits with voltages exceeding 750 V and 7000 V or less for DC or exceeding 600 V and 7,000 V or less for AC; the same shall apply hereinafter) or charged circuits with super-high voltage (meaning circuits with voltages exceeding 7,000 V) or their supports; the work involving installation or repairing of charged circuits with low voltage (meaning circuits with voltages 750 V or less for DC or 600 V or less for AC) (excluding voltages to the ground are 50 V or less or those for telegraphy or telephone with voltages not high enough to cause the danger of an electric shock); and the work involving operation of switches with exposed charging units in the low-voltage circuits installed in sectioned spaces such as switchboard rooms or substations (excluding voltages to ground are 50 V or less or those for telegraphy or telephone with voltages not high enough to cause the danger of electric shock);

• 高圧（直流にあつては七百五十ボルトを、交流にあつては六百ボルトをこえ、七千ボルト以下である電圧をいう。以下同じ。）若しくは特別高圧（七千ボルトをこえる電圧をいう。以下同じ。）の充電電路若しくは当該充電電路の支持物の敷設、点検、修理若しくは操作の業務、低圧（直流にあつては七百五十ボルト以下、交流にあつては六百ボルト以下である電圧をいう。以下同じ。）の充電電路（対地電圧が五十ボルト以下であるもの及び電信用のもの、電話用のもの等であつて感電による危害を生ずるおそれがないものを除く。）の敷設若しくは修理の業務又は配電盤室、変電室等区画された場所に設置する低圧の電路（対地電圧が五十ボルト以下であるもの及び電信用のもの、電話用のもの等であつて感電による危害を生ずるおそれがないものを除く。）のうち充電部分が露出している開閉器の操作の業務
• Work to lay, inspect, repair, or operate high voltage (Voltages higher than 750 volts DC or 600-7,000 volts AC; hereinafter the same shall apply) or very high voltage (Voltages higher than 7,000 volts., hereinafter the same shall apply) charging circuits or their supporting structures, those to install or repair low voltage (Voltages 750 volts or lower DC or 600 volts or lower AC; hereinafter the same shall apply) charging circuits (Other than those involving ground voltage of under 50 volts, those for telegram, telephone, etc., involving no danger of harm due to electric shock.) or operation of switches of low voltage circuits (Other than those inv