事実: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 中朝事実
- Chucho Jijitsu (The record of the central nation)
- 実験事実
- experimental result
- experimental evidence
- 確かな事実
- established (certain) fact
- 実験的事実
- experimental evidence
- 証明すべき事実
- The facts to be proven by the document
- Fact to be proven
- the facts to be proved;
- 事実上存在しない。
- The views of the anti-imperial family virtually did not exist.
- 事実上の総責任者。
- He is the general manager as a matter of practice.
- 『中朝事実』の内容
- Contents of 'Chucho Jijitsu'
- 事実を認定した理由
- The basis of the findings of fact;
- 事実上の金銀複本位制
- Virtual bimetallism
- 可見鑑事実于千古焉。
- It seems as if the tales are real and they show us the facts of today in ancient times.
- 証明すべき事実の確認
- Confirmation on Facts to Be Proven
- 事実上のレッスン・プロ
- Virtual lesson pros
- 「事実上の政権」の真相
- Truth of the 'Authorities De Facto''
- 証明すべき事実の確認等
- Confirmation on Facts to Be Proven, etc.
- 事実上の宣戦布告である。
- This was in reality a declaration of war.
- 事実上室町幕府を滅ぼした。
- He actually exterminated the Muromachi bakufu.
- 原判決の確定した事実の拘束
- Binding Force of Facts Determined by Judgment in Prior Instance
- 証明することを要しない事実
- Facts Not Required to Be Proven
- 不利益処分の原因となる事実
- the facts which will be the cause of the anticipated Adverse Disposition;
- 事実上の国王として君臨した。
- Chiten no Kimi in fact reigned as Emperor.
- 認知に対する反対の事実の主張
- Assertion of Opposing Facts against Affiliation
- 業務等に関する重要事実の公表等
- Publication of Material Fact Pertaining to Business or Other Matters
- しかし事実は少し違うといわれる。
- Eventually, however, the facts are said to be a little different.
- これによって斯波氏は事実上滅亡した。
- That was in effect the fall the Shiba clan.
- これにより小弓公方は事実上滅亡した。
- This practically put an end to Oyumi-kubo.
- 『中朝事実』で下のように論じている。
- He argued as follows in 'Chucho Jijitsu.'
- そのため事実関係の詳細は不明である。
- Thus, the details are still unspecified.
- その一方で、以下の事実を指摘している。
- On the other hand, HOSOI points out the following facts:
- 手続実施基本契約の不履行の事実の公表等
- Publication, etc. of the Fact of Non-Performance of the Basic Contract for Implementation of Dispute Resolution Procedures
- 証明すべき事実の調書記載・法第百七十七条
- Statement of Facts to be Proven in Record; Article 177 of the Code
- 事実上後鳥羽上皇による院政がしかれていた。
- In fact, retired Emperor Gotoba used to rule the cloister government.
- 妻は葵の上、女三宮、事実上の正妻に紫の上。
- His wives are Aoi no Ue, Onna Sannomiya and Murasaki no Ue, who is virtually a legal wife.
- そして事実上中央の命に拠らず藩を領有した。
- They effectively controlled the domain, independent of the command from the central government.
- しかし、古河側はこの事実を公表しなかった。
- However, Furukawa did not make it public.
- 証明すべき事実の調書記載等・法第百六十五条
- Statement of Facts to be Proven in Record, etc.; Article 165 of the Code
- 現在の日本では、院政は事実上禁止されている。
- Insei is virtually prohibited in modern Japan.
- 事実先の四名の間に大中臣氏が補任されている。
- In fact, a member of the Onakatomi clan was appointed to the post of Jingi haku in between the assignments of the aforementioned four members.
- しかし、現在は制度として事実上消滅している。
- However, it is virtually lost as a system now.
- 事実上、後鳥羽上皇による院政が引かれていた。
- The Retired Emperor Gotoba ruled the cloistered government.
- これによって銀貨も事実上の本位貨幣となった。
- Since then, silver coins were also treated as virtual standard money.
- 事実、大石鍬次郎は龍馬暗殺の罪で殺されている。
- In fact, Kuwajiro OISHI was killed for Ryoma's assassination.
- それは日本は鉄鉱石に乏しいという事実から来る。
- This stemmed from the fact that Japan was short of iron ore.
- 結局強引に逢瀬を遂げて既成事実を作ってしまう。
- Finally, Yugiri forces her to have a sexual relationship with him.
- その一方で、無血開城という事実が一人歩きした。
- On the other hand, 'the bloodless surrender of the Castle' led to unintended consequences.
- つまりこの時点で、事実上の豊臣政権が誕生した。
- In short, the Toyotomi government was in fact established at that point.
- 平安時代になると公地公民制は事実上崩壊していた。
- During the Heian period there was the kouchikominsei (a system of complete state ownership of land and citizens) which was effectively dysfunctional.
- 事実上、邦英王は、宮家の継承者であったといえる。
- He was virtually a successor of Miyake (house of an imperial prince).
- 事実、西郷は最後まで山縣の辞任には反対していた。
- As a matter of fact, SAIGO remained opposing YAMAGATA's resignation until the last moment.
- 事実、湖だったことを示す地層も明らかになっている。
- In fact, it has been found that the stratum shows signs of having been a lake in ancient times.
- 農林水産省と厚生労働省は同月23日この事実を発表。
- On April 23, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare announced this fact.
- という、聖武天皇の思惑とは程遠い事実を突き付けた。
- The Emperor Shomu had to face this reality, far removed from his wishful ideal.
- 墓所が粗末で改葬もされないというのは事実ではない。
- It is not true that the tomb was modest and that Nobuyasu was not reburied.
- しかし事実の記録としては逆に信頼度は高いといえる。
- Even so, the records are highly reliable.
- 事実とすれば、もっとも古い物語に関する記述である。
- If it is true, the essay would be the oldest account concerning the tale.
- 林や大江の回想録も板垣と協議した事実を記している。
- The fact that both HAYASHI and OE described discussing the matter with ITAGAKI in their memoires supports the criticism.
- この薄葬令によって古墳時代は事実上終わりを告げる。
- By this Law of Funeral, the Kofun (tumulus) period effectively ended.
- 翌年長屋王が右大臣に任命され、事実上政務を任される。
- The next year Nagaya no okimi was appointed Udaijin (Minister of the Right) and he became the de facto administrator of the government affairs.
- 以来、『君が代』は事実上の国歌として用いられてきた。
- Since then, 'Kimigayo' had been used as the de facto national anthem.
- 事実上無宗教の人が多く、埋葬の方法にこだわりがない。
- Most people do not practice any religion and do not have any fixed ideas about which burial method they prefer.
- これによって、事実上失脚して権少僧都のまま病没した。
- Due to these setbacks, he actually ended up losing his power and influence, and was still stuck at the rank of Gon no Shozozu when he died.
- その一方で記述は歴史的事実に対して比較的忠実である。
- On the other hand, descriptions are rather faithful to historical facts.
- この状況は第二次世界大戦の終了まで事実上維持された。
- This situation was virtually maintained till the end of World War II.
- 受託者等 当該信託財産の破産手続開始の原因となる事実
- The trustee, etc.: The fact constituting the grounds for the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings against the trust property
- 事実、弓騎兵に対抗し得るのは弓矢や弓騎兵のみであった。
- In fact, it was only bows and arrows or archery cavalry soldiers who could possibly resist archery cavalry soldiers.
- そのため宇都宮駅起源説は現在では事実上否定されている。
- Therefore, 'the Utsunomiya theory' (theory that the first Ekiben was sold at the Utsunomiya Station) is effectively denied these days.
- 事実、浴衣と角帯のセットで販売されることも珍しくない。
- In fact, it's fairly common to offer yukata and haku-obi in one set.
- 尤も、この「師尚隠し子説」は事実無根という説も根強い。
- However, some people consistently think this 'Moronao being illegitimate child' theory is absolutely groundless.
- 証人が直接経験しなかった事実についての陳述を求める質問
- Question seeking statements on facts which the witness has not experienced directly
- 事実、それまで足利氏の執事は臣下の高氏が歴代務めていた。
- In fact, until then, it was the Ko clan, a retainer, which had served the Ashikaga clan as Shitsuji for generations.
- このように記紀では事実の経緯・叙述の趣向が異なっている。
- Like this, in 'A Record of Ancient Matter' and 'Chronicles of Japan' the history and description of facts differ.
- 戦後この地が日本の委任統治として事実上の植民地になった。
- After the war the islands practically became Japan's colony as her mandate.
- 事実上、洛北、嵐山方面の交通機関を一手に担うこととなる。
- It virtually controlled all the transportation systems in the Rakuhoku and Arashiyama areas.
- 期成同盟会の住民は、群馬県からの連絡でこの事実を知った。
- Residents of the association learned this fact through a communication from Gunma Prefecture.
- これは事実上の天皇領荘園であり、後三条院勅旨田と呼ばれた。
- This is virtually an estate dominated by the Emperor and was called Gosanjo Chokushiden.
- この事実が、後に日本に本格的な特許制度の誕生をうながした。
- This eventually accelerated the introduction of a comprehensive patent system in Japan.
- しかし、公判後、裁判所が署名を点検してこの事実に気付いた。
- The Court investigated the signature after this trial and found no prosecutors' autographs in the documents.
- そのため、対馬藩の国書改竄の事実を、幕府に対して訴え出た。
- Therefore, Yanagawa complained to the bakufu for the modification of diplomatic messages done by Tsushima Domain.
- つまり、事実上の銀本位制度となる場合が少なからず見られる。
- Therefore, the system often goes to silver standard in effect.
- 原判決において適法に確定した事実は、上告裁判所を拘束する。
- The facts legally determined by the judgment in prior instance shall be binding on the final appellate court.
- 証拠の申出は、証明すべき事実を特定してしなければならない。
- Evidence shall be offered by specifying the fact to be proven thereby.
- 仮にこれが事実だとすれば、義昭説とも矛盾はしないことになる。
- If this is the fact, it does not contradict the view that the mastermind was Yoshiaki.
- どちらの称制期間も日本書紀には事実上天皇同然に書かれている。
- In the Nihonshoki, both Emperor Tenchi and Empress Jito are written as the real emperors during the period when they ruled the nation without holding an enthronement ceremony.
- 事実、徳川宗家当主が家督相続直後には単に「上様」と呼ばれた。
- In fact, the head of the Tokugawa head family was simply called 'Ue-sama' (lord) right after the succession.
- 事実、空海の真跡を見れば良筆を使っていたことは明らかである。
- In fact, it is apparent Kukai used the best-quality brushes from his handwriting.
- 薫は事実を打ち明け大君に結婚を迫るが、大君は承知しなかった。
- Kaoru told the truth to Oigimi, and urged her to marry him, but she did not accept it.
- この部分の記述がどの程度事実を反映しているのかは不明である。
- It is not known to what extent these descriptions reflect fact.
- 1941年の日本軍による仏印進駐によって事実上無効となった。
- The treaty was declared void when Japenese troops entered and were stationed in French-occupied Indochina.
- 井之宮銭とされていたものは発掘事実により岡山銭に変更される。
- The coin which had been believed to be Inomiya-sen was revised to Okayama-sen by a finding through excavation.
- その結果、両局が地下官人を家臣化して事実上の私物化に成功した。
- Consequently, the two offices treated the lower ranking court officials as virtually their own vassals.
- 道教や神道などの他の宗教の主流が弾圧を受けた事実が存在しない。
- In addition, there had been no fact that other religions, such as Taoism and Shintoism, had been suppressed.
- この事を考慮すると、これも歴史的事実に即した英訳とは言えない。
- Considering that the proper English translation is 'farmer,' translating 'hyakusho ikki' as 'peasant uprising' is not grounded in historical fact.
- しかし、戦中戦後、事実上上方落語が滅亡していた時期に消滅した。
- However, during and after the war, it disappeared while the Kamigata rakugo was practically downfallen.
- 全体的に事実を列挙する叙述に終始し、歴史的批判精神には乏しい。
- As a whole, it ended in a list of facts, and is rather short of critical faculties.
- 治承元年(1177年)の大火によって焼失すると、事実上廃絶した。
- When the Monjoin was burnt down in a conflagration in 1177, the Monjoin was, in fact, defunct.
- 即位の事実は疑問視されており、江戸時代ころから議論がされていた。
- It had been a questionable matter whether he really succeeded the throne or not, and there had been discussions on this matter since around the Edo period.
- 恒直親王を以って亀山天皇に始まる大覚寺統の正統は事実上断絶した。
- The family line of Daikakuji-to (imperial lineage starting with Emperor Kameyama), which started from Emperor Kameyama, ended with Imperial Prince Tsunenao.
- 院政期に入ると、人びとは虚構の世界よりも事実への関心に目覚めた。
- In the Insei period, people became more aware of reality rather than the fictional world.
- そのため、天武天皇を咎めるような事実を記さなかった可能性が高い。
- There is a high possibility that any fact that could be a reproach to Emperor Tenmu was not recorded.
- 薫は事実を確かめに、浮舟の異父弟・小君を伴い横川の僧都を訪ねる。
- In order to confirm the fact, Kaoru visited Yokawa no sozu along with Kogimi, Ukifune's younger maternal half-brother.
- ただ、家康が豊臣政権下でかなりの勢力を持っていた事は事実である。
- Yet, the fact remained that Ieyasu continued to be very influential even in the Toyotomi government.
- 事実、解放令の後、明治政府は実質的な解放政策を一切行わなかった。
- In fact, Meiji Government did not carry out any substantial emancipation policy after Kaiho Rei at all.
- 『吾妻鏡』以外の文献を調べるとやや異なった事実が伝えられている。
- The literature other than 'Azuma Kagami' tells different facts to a certain extent.
- そのため、後日の恩賞のため、参陣や軍功の事実を証する必要が生じた。
- Therefore participation in war or military exploits had to be proven for later rewards.
- 三代将軍足利義満の頃、南北朝は合一するが、事実上南朝の吸収である。
- The Northern and Southern Courts were unified when Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA was the third Shogun, but it was in fact the Southern Court which was taken over by the Northern Court.
- 後に、対馬藩家老であった柳川調興は国書偽造の事実を幕府に明かした。
- Later, Shigeoki YANAGAWA, Karo (chief retainer) of the Tsushima Domain, admitted to the bakufu the fact that the sovereign's message was forged.
- 同年、江戸城が天皇行幸の皇居と定められ、事実上の遷都が実施された。
- In the same year, Edo-jo Castle was made to be the imperial palace for the emperor to move to Tokyo, which was de-facto transfer of the capital.
- 事実上の後任である松方正義の「松方財政」との対比として用いられる。
- The term is used as a comparison to 'Matsukata finance' promoted by Masayoshi MATSUKATA, who was an actual successor of Okuma.
- 次第に将軍の権限を吸収していき、事実上の鎌倉幕府のトップとなった。
- The post gradually absorbed the power of shogun and became the de facto top position within the Kamakura bakufu.
- だが、秩禄処分によって武士の生活が苦しくなったのもまた事実である。
- But still, after Chitsuroku-shobun, samurai warriors had to struggle against hard living.
- 事実、養老律令を施行しようとする動きは757年まで見られなかった。
- Actually, there was no movement to enact Yoro Ritsuryo Code until 757.
- 投資助言・代理業の運営に関し、投資者の利益を害する事実があるとき。
- when there are any facts that harm the profits of investors with regard to the operation of Investment Advisory and Agency Business; or
- その為、朝廷は奥州藤原氏を信頼し、彼らの事実上の奥州支配を容認した。
- Because of this, the Imperial Court trusted the Oshu Fujiwara clan and permitted them actual control over the Oshu region.
- 皇室に名字がない事実も、天皇の王朝の古代史的な古さを証しだてている。
- The fact that the Imperial family do not have a family name is thought to be evidence that they have lasted since ancient times.
- 天智崩御から壬申の乱終結まで「事実上の天皇」だったことは推測できる。
- We can guess that Prince Otomo was the 'de facto emperor' during the period from the demise of Emperor Tenchi and the end of the Jinshin War.
- 班田が行われなくなると、口分田も事実上農民の私有地化することになる。
- When handen-based field supply ceased, kubunden effectively became owned by farmers.
- ところが秀吉は右大臣就任の打診に対して事実上拒否を表明したのである。
- However, Hideyoshi practically refused the appointment to Udaijin.
- これ以降の国政は、事実上橘諸兄が担当し、聖武天皇を補佐する事になる。
- After that, TACHIBANA no Moroe virtually took charge of the national administration and supported the Emperor Shomu.
- しかし、以前と比べると少数ではあるが、現在も存在するのは事実である。
- Although the number of poorly-fed children is fewer than before, it is true that they still remain today.
- 中朝事実(ちゅうちょうじじつ)は、山鹿素行が記した尊王思想の歴史書。
- Chucho Jijitsu (The record of the central nation) is a history book about the thought of reverence for the emperor, written by Soko YAMAGA.
- 申立書が無効という事実は東京側弁護団や被告には知らされていなかった。
- The defense team at the Tokyo Court as well as all defendants had not been informed of the fact that the prosecutors' appeal had no legal force.
- 翌年民部省設置とともに移動され、事実上の「大蔵民部省」の一翼を担う。
- Next year, it was moved with Minbu-Sho (Ministry of Popular Affairs), and played a part in virtual Okura-and-Minbu-Sho (which actually remained as two separate ministries in the government organization - Minbu-Sho and Okura-Sho (Ministry of Finance) -, but virtually functioned as one)
- 瞻西上人は実在したが、西行の『撰集抄』内の事実を潤色したものという。
- The venerable Sensai is a character borrowed from reality, but the tale was embellished on the basis of the fact which was written and collected in Saigyo's 'Senjusho' (compiled Buddhist tales of 13th century).
- 翌年には明治新政府も京都から東京に移され、日本の事実上の首都となる。
- In the following year, all of the functions of the new Meiji government were transferred to Tokyo from Kyoto, paving the way for Tokyo to become the capital city of Japan.
- ただ朝鮮陽明学は実学・経世致用の思想に影響を与えたことは事実である。
- However, it is a fact that Korean Yomeigaku has influenced the practical learning and ideology of Keiseichiyo.
- 現場において証人を尋問することが事実を発見するために必要であるとき。
- Where it is necessary to examine the witness at the scene relating to the dispute in order to discover a fact.
- これを知った蓮淳は一向一揆の行動を事実上追認して細川晴元攻撃を命じた。
- Knowing it, Renjun virtually affirmed the action of the Ikko-Ikki army and ordered to attack Harumoto HOSOKAWA.
- 1937年には日華事変(日中戦争)が勃発し、事実上全面戦争に突入した。
- The China Incident (China-Japan war) broke out in 1937, and escalated into an all-out war as a matter of practice.
- 一方、田中正造は事実を知らず、国会で鉱毒問題に関する質問を行っていた。
- Shozo TANAKA, however, was not informed what was going on in Kawamata when he was raising questions about the copper-mine poisoning at the National Diet session.
- 川俣事件の事実に関しては、後の裁判での証言などがまったくかみ合わない。
- No consistent testimony was given at the trial of the Kawamata Incident.
- 幼少の頃、源氏に見出されて養育され、葵の上亡き後、事実上の正妻となる。
- When she was a child she was discovered and brought up by Genji, but after the death of Aoi no Ue she becomes a virtual wife of Genji.
- これにより、室町幕府は事実上崩壊し、畿内に織田政権が確立したのである。
- This was virtually the end of the Muromachi bakufu and the Oda government was established in Kinai region.
- 事実その平定ルートは、四世紀の前方後円墳の伝播地域とほぼ重なっている。
- In fact, their route conquest almost overlaps regions where a number of large keyhole-shaped tomb mounds were propagated in the fourth century,.
- 1897年に正式に金本位制を採用するまで、事実上の銀本位制が継続した。
- The silver standard continued in effect until gold standard was formally adopted in 1897.
- 子その他の利害関係人は、認知に対して反対の事実を主張することができる。
- A child or any other interested person may assert opposing facts against an affiliation.
- 前項の申立てをするときは、その原因となる事実を疎明しなければならない。
- When filing the petition set forth in the preceding paragraph, the petitioner shall make a prima facie showing of the fact constituting the grounds for liability.
- これが事実とすると但馬皇女は高市皇子の妻または養女であった可能性がある。
- If it was true, Tajima no himemiko was possibly a wife or adopted daughter of Prince Takechi.
- これは事実上、軍事力による朝廷の制圧であり後白河院政は完全に停止された。
- This was in actuality, suppression of the imperial Court by military power and the Goshirakawa cloistered government was completely terminated.
- これを企画発案したのは石田三成で、検地奉行として事実上の施行者となった。
- It was Mitsunari ISHIDA who drew up and suggested the Taiko-kenchi, and he actually conducted the surveys as a land survey magistrate.
- 事実上消滅したともいえるが、現在は高知全域の酒蔵の杜氏たちが支えている。
- It can be said that this school already disappeared in fact, but toji at breweries throughout Kochi Prefecture currently support the culture of this school.
- 明治6年(1873年)、高札制度が廃止されると同時に、事実上廃止された。
- In effect, they were abolished at the same time as when street bulletin boards were abolished in 1873.
- ゆえに偽書であるか否かという議論に馴染まない側面があることも事実である。
- Therefore, it is true that there is an aspect that is not suited to the discussion of whether 'the Gospel according to Marco' reported Petro's discourse.
- この間、自由党は解党し、同年末には改進党も大隈らが脱党し事実上分解した。
- During this period, the Liberal Party was dissolved and Okuma also left the Constitutional Reform Party in the same year, which led to the virtual dissolution of the party.
- 条約の締結によって、李氏朝鮮は開国し、海禁政策(鎖国)は事実上終了した。
- As a result of the conclusion of the treaty, the Joseon Dynasty opened the country, which in practice led to the end of the national isolation policy.
- 平氏一門は主要官位を占め、多数の知行国を得て、事実上の平氏政権が成立した。
- Members of the Taira clan held principal posts and obtained governorship of chigyo-koku (provincial fiefdom), effectively establishing a Taira clan government.
- ただし、この記録が事実とすると、継体が大和にいたのは最後の5年のみである。
- But if this record is true, Keitai lived in Yamato only the last 5 years before his death.
- 明経道の博士家は書道 (大学寮)・音道として事実上統合・家学化していった。
- The Hakase family of Myogyodo almost unified it into hereditary learning as Shodo (calligraphy) (Daigakuryo) and Ondo (study of pronunciation of Chinese language).
- 光格天皇が仁孝天皇に譲位して以後は事実上、明治以降は制度上存在していない。
- After Emperor Kokaku abdicated the throne to Emperor Ninko, the position in fact didn't exist in the political system in and after Meiji period.
- ただし当時の史料からは、業平が狩の使で伊勢に派遣された事実は認められない。
- However, there is no historical document to attest to the fact that Narihira was dispatched as the hunting envoy to Ise.
- これほどの僧が他の記録に現れない事実は、その存在に疑問を持たざるを得ない。
- From the fact that such priest was never mentioned in other records, his real existence has become doubtful.
- (刪定律令は)改正を命じられたものの、以後改正は行われず事実上廃止された。
- Although the order for its amendment was issued, it was not enacted after that and Santei Ritsuryo Code was practically abolished.
- 西郷が徳川方の事実上の骨抜き回答という不利な条件を飲み、総攻撃を中止した。
- Saigo agreed to the disadvantage of those counter conditions, presented in the watered-down response by the Tokugawa side, there for terminating the general attack.
- 騎兵のみで部隊を構成したという事実は一部を除いてない(塩尻峠の戦いなど)。
- With some exceptions (like the Battle of Shiojiritoge), no cavalry unit was formed by horsemen alone.
- 信蕃・昌幸のゲリラ戦も激しさを増し、北条の補給線は事実上途切れてしまった。
- With the guerrilla attacks of Nobushige and Masayuki also increasing in severity, Hojo's supply line was practically severed.
- なお、原たちは総辞職の上奏が行われるまでその事実を知らされていなかった)。
- Hara and others were not informed of the resign en mess until it was reported to the throne).
- これが事実であれば倭国の外交文書上、はじめて天皇号を用いられたことになる。
- If this transcription is authentic, this is the first instance that the word 'Emperor' was used in diplomatic documents of Wakoku (Japan).
- また、部落問題民をも奇兵隊に取り入れていたという事実も特筆するべきである。
- The fact that Kiheitai Army involved people in Buraku problem was worthy of special mention.
- 上に記載した2つの話が花山トンネルでの有名な話であるが、事実かどうかは不明。
- The above-mentioned two stories are famous stories about the haunted Kazan Tunnel while they may or may not be true.
- 僧尼令や僧綱が官寺・官僧を厳格に統制していたのは事実であると考えられている。
- It is thought that the Soni ryo and the Sogo strictly controlled the kanji and the official monks.
- いずれにせよ、平家の落人といわれる人々が相当数存在したことは事実に相違ない。
- At any rate, there is no doubt that there were a considerable number of Heike no Ochudo.
- そのため、室町幕府は事実究明のため朝鮮へ使者を送り、その真偽を確かめさせた。
- Consequently, the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) sent envoys to Korea to conduct an investigation into whether the rumors of a new invasion from mainland China were accurate, and had the envoys endeavor to get to the bottom of the matter.
- こうして各自が勝手な方向に向かい、関西歌舞伎は事実上の空中分解状態になった。
- With each actor working for his own gain, Kansai Kabuki had virtually disintegrated.
- そのため、江戸時代に入る頃には事実上、日本の猿楽の大半を傘下におさめていた。
- Consequently, entering the Edo period, the majority of Sarugaku in Japan became subsidiaries of Yamoto-shiza.
- しかし、かけつけた古今や彦三から事実を知り、因果の恐ろしさに切腹して果てる。
- When Jubei knew the truth from Kokin and Hikozo who run after him, he committed seppuku (hara-kiri) because he was afraid of his karma.
- 仮に、最初に京に届いた早馬の言上を事実とすれば、以下の様に考える事も出来る。
- Assuming that the contents of the first message having arrived at Kyoto, carried by post horses, were true, the following considerations are feasible as well:
- 「事実上の政権 Authorities De Facto」としては認定する。
- We approve it as Authorities De Facto.
- 事実、忠真は肥後国の加藤清正に対し仇を討つための助力を願う密使を送っている。
- In fact, Tadamasa had sent a secret messenger to Kiyomasa KATO in Higo Province to ask for his help in vengeance.
- (実態はともかく)連合軍が武田の騎馬隊を注意深く警戒していたのは事実である。
- (Apparently) the allied forces were on high alert against Takeda's cavalry.
- 幕府から追討を受けている筈の氏憲の遺児が実は幕府に保護されていたという事実。
- As the fact that the bereaved child of Ujinori, who was believed to have been searched out and killed by the bakufu, but who had actually been protected by the bakufu.
- いまだに孝標女作者説に一定の信憑性が認められることは事実であるといっていい。
- Therefore, it cannot be denied that there is certain credibility to the theory that places Takasue's daughter as the author.
- 義尚擁立に転じた勝元が、穏便な形をとって義視を御所から事実上追放したのである。
- The truth seems to be that Katsumoto, having changed his posture in favor of Yoshihisa as the next Shogun, virtually expelled Yoshimi from the palace in a sugarcoated way.
- 九条道家は嫡男・九条教実に先立たれ、次男・二条良実は事実上の勘当状態にあった。
- Michiie KUJO lost the legitimate heir, Norizane KUJO, and the second son, Yoshizane KUJO, was practically repudiated.
- ただし、一部ではあるが趣味、余興として激烈なファンが存在することも事実である。
- But it is also true that there are some enthusiastic fans who enjoy the enka music as a hobby and entertainment.
- 事実上の地租改正終了が宣言され、残務は大蔵省租税局(旧・租税寮)に継承された。
- As the end of the Land-Tax Reform was declared, remaining works were taken over by Sozei-Kyoku (Land-Tax Bureau) (former Sozei-Ryo; Land-Tax Bureau).
- 裁判も、起訴無効という形で決着したため、事実関係については決着がついていない。
- The court eventually decided to drop the case, so the true account of the Kawamata Incident has not been clarified.
- なお、郵政民営化前の特定郵便局長の任用は事実上の世襲であったと指摘されている。
- In addition, it is pointed out that before the privatization of the postal service, the appointment of the master of a special locally-owned post office was an example of virtual heredity.
- 1878年には1円銀貨の国内一般通用が認められ、事実上の金銀複本位制となった。
- In 1878, 1 yen silver coins were approved for circulation in Japan, so that the system became bimetallism virtually.
- その後も小倉藩と長州藩の戦闘は続くが、これで事実上、幕府軍の全面敗北に終わる。
- Although the battle between the Kokura clan and the Choshu clan continued even after that, the Choshu conquest practically ended with the total defeat of the bakufu army.
- これによって、西洋の近代的な天文学が事実上排除されると言う「逆転現象」が生じた。
- This caused an inversion where modern Western astronomy was, as a matter of practice, eliminated.
- 海外ではその事実が知られておらず、純粋な「日本料理」だと思われている場合が多い。
- Since the differences are not known outside Japan, such teriyaki dishes are widely believed to be genuine Japanese cuisine.
- 日本刀は茶器と違って、伝来の事実ではなく、「正真」であることこそが重要とされる。
- Unlike tea utensils for which the fact of introduction is important, it is important for Japanese swords to be 'real.'
- 天皇が帰依したという事実は、文観にとって大きな後ろ盾ができたということであった。
- The fact that the emperor embraced the religion meant that Monkan gained a great supporter.
- しかし、唐代以降、儒教に於ける男尊女卑の傾向がかなり強く見られるのも事実である。
- However, it is true that Ju-kyo in the Tang Dynasty and onward had a strong tendency towards predominance of men over women.
- 当地では既に昭和30年代後半の時点では使用されている呼称であることは事実である。
- Thus it is a fact that the name was already used in the early 1960s in the area.
- はたして未婚の内親王である斎宮が、事実恋におちたのか、いまだ疑問の余地はあろう。
- Whether the saigu, unmarried imperial princess, in fact fell in love with him may be disputable.
- その他の全ての配役も、少佐自身が事実上の指令として出したもので、次の通りだった。
- Casting of other actors, which the major effectively instructed himself, was as follows.
- しかし同じ事実を書き記した九条兼実の『玉葉』には「守護地頭」とは書かれていない。
- Although 'Gyokuyo' by Kanezane KUJO has a record concerning the same matter, it doesn't contain the words 'Shugo and Jito.'
- 「直轄領」と「保護国」とをもつ「東夷の小帝国」と換言しても事実認識に変化はない。
- There is no disparity in saying it as 'a small empire of eastern barbarians' which has 'directly controlled territory' and 'a protected state.'
- 投資助言・代理業又は投資運用業の運営に関し、投資者の利益を害する事実があるとき。
- when there are any facts that harm the profits of investors with regard to operation of Investment Advisory and Agency Business or Investment Management Business;
- 峠への登り口には「大型車通行困難」の標識があり、大型車の通行は事実上不可能である。
- As a road sign saying 'Hardly Passable by Large Vehicles' is placed at the approach of the pass, large-sized vehicles practically cannot drive the pass.
- 「胤」が「たね」と訓ずることからもわかるように、事実上男系の子孫にのみ用いられた。
- As it is indicated that the Chinese character '胤(IN)' reads 'Tane' in its Japanese pronunciation, which means paternal blood, the term Kouin was used for only descendants in the male line.
- 事実上の支配があって、その支配を法的に保証するのが土地証文、と考えるべきだとする。
- He further discusses that it should be understood that there was a de facto domination and an act and a deed for land to legally guarantee the domination.
- この偽使の派遣により、壬申約条による交易の制限は事実上有名無実化されることになる。
- In fact, the trading restrictions imposed by the Jinshin Yakujo became a mere scrap of paper due to the dispatch of gishi.
- 武射系は戦場での実利を重視して発展してきた射の系統を言い、事実上日置流系統をさす。
- The Busha group refers to the shooting lineage that developed with focus on practical benefits on the battlefield, and it refers to the Heki-ryu school lineage.
- 逆に、楽屋オチがよく認知されると、その周辺事情が観客・視聴者にも周知の事実になる。
- On the other hand, when the gakuya ochi is widely recognized, these affairs become a well known fact for the audiences and viewers.
- 事実、奈良県天理市星塚一号古墳(古墳時代後期)から横笛と思しき遺物が出土している。
- In fact, an instrument resembling the yokobue (a flute) was excavated at Hoshizuka-kofun Tumulus No.1 (late of Kofun period [Tumulus period]) in Tenri City, Nara Prefecture.
- 清和源氏を称している近世大名の多くは、その事実が歴史学的に証明されたわけではない。
- Most daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) in early-modern times who called themselves Seiwa-Genji are not historically proven to be so.
- しかし、「明清楽」という呼称は、事実上清楽だけを指す場合も多いので、注意を要する。
- However, caution is needed because the term 'Min-Shingaku' is often used to indicate Shingaku alone.
- しかし、道教が創唱宗教の形態を取る過程で道家の思想を取り入れたことは事実であった。
- However, in the process of formation as a soshoshukyo (religion proposed by a person or a group), Dokyo was indeed influenced by the Doka philosophy.
- 事実、内部にあっては、四方に色彩豊かに描かれた肖像たちが壁全面を覆い尽くしている。
- Actually, regarding the inside of the tower, many colorful paintings covered the whole wall in all directions.
- そのような事実が少しでもあれば容赦なく蜂須賀茂韶を知事から罷免するつもりであった。
- If they found any hint of truth to this, they intended to discharge Mochiaki HACHISUKA from the post of prefectural governor forthwith.
- 相続人、相続財産の管理人又は遺言執行者 当該相続財産の破産手続開始の原因となる事実
- An heir, administrator of the inherited property or executor: The fact constituting the grounds for the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings against the inherited property
- 当該贈与等により利益を受け又は当該報酬の支払を受けた年月日及びその基因となった事実
- The date of receipt of profit by the gifts, etc. or payment of the reward and the fact of basic cause.
- ここに江戸幕府は事実上「滅亡」し、家康以来続いた260余年の支配に終止符が打たれた。
- This virtually marked the end of the Edo Shogunate which lasted for over 260 years.
- まさに東勝寺合戦の初七日の供養をしめすものであり、伝承が事実であったことがわかった。
- This shows exactly that the memorial service was held on the sixth date after their death at Tosho-ji War, so the folklore turned out to be true.
- しかし、これによって守護などの武家が各地の荘園などに事実上の押領を行うこととなった。
- As a repercussion, however, samurai families, such as the Shugo, were effectively seizing land in various districts, including Shoen.
- 継体天皇は応神天皇5代の末裔とされているが、これが事実かどうかは判断がわかれている。
- The Emperor Keitai is considered to be the fifth descendant of Emperor Ojin, but the decision is divided whether this is a fact or not.
- また、『懐風藻』は即位の事実をあからさまに記すことを憚って字句を作ったのだと説いた。
- Ban also argued that 'Kaifuso' was formulated not to disclose the fact of the enthronement.
- しかし、一方で頼長に関するさまざまな悪評を、物語が取り上げていないことも事実である。
- However, it is true that the tale does not take up the various aspects of a bad reputation concerning Yorinaga.
- そして天保年間以前の債務については一切これを継承せずに無効とする(事実上の徳政令)。
- As for the debts created before the Tenpo era, the government did not inherit these, and declared them void (de facto tokuseirei (a debt cancellation order)).
- 特別の学識経験により知り得た事実に関する尋問については、証人尋問に関する規定による。
- An examination concerning facts that an expert has learnt based on his/her special knowledge and experience shall be governed by the provisions concerning the examination of a witness.
- そして大内義隆に謀反し大内氏を事実上乗っ取った陶晴賢を1555年の厳島の戦いで破った。
- Subsequently, in the Battle of Itsukushima in 1555, Motonari defeated Harukata SUE, who rebelled against Yoshitaka OUCHI and had virtually taken over the Ouchi clan.
- また、日本の多くの寺院が、事実上世襲となっていることも葬式仏教化へと拍車をかけている。
- The hereditary system which has been adopted in most temples of Japan is the major factor in causing the generalization of Soshiki-Bukkyo.
- 事実元正天皇は母元明天皇の子として即位したのではなく、草壁皇子の子として即位している。
- In fact, Emperor Gensho ascended to the throne as a child of Prince Kusakabe and not as a child of Emperor Genmei, his mother.
- 河内源氏はこのように武名を現したことから、事実上清和源氏の嫡流の地位を占めるに至った。
- Thus, Kawachi-Genji won their samurai name, and practically established their position as the direct descendant of Seiwa-Genji.
- だが、2年後に上皇が死去したため、外戚の九条道家や西園寺公経が事実上政務を行っていた。
- However since the Retired Emperor Gohorikawa died two years later, the maternal relative, Michiie KUJO and Kintsune SAIONJI took the actual control of politics.
- 『萬葉集』に、九州・山陰山陽・四国の人の歌が無いのは、皇権簒奪の事実を隠すためである。
- 'Manyoshu' (Japan's oldest anthology of poems) doesn't' contain the poems created by people from Kyushu, Sanin Sanyo, Shikoku because they wanted to keep the fact of the seizure of power a secret.
- 明治維新後、四民平等布告により、社会制度的な家制度が解体され、武士は事実上滅び去った。
- After the Meiji Restoration due to the proclamation of equality of all people, family system as a social system was dismantled and the age of samurai ended in effect.
- また、薩摩藩による琉球王国制圧が起こり、王国は事実上幕藩体制の支配下へと組み込まれた。
- The subjugation of the Ryukyu Kingdom by Satsuma Province also took place, putting it under the virtual control of the shogunate system.
- 次に軍忠の具体的事実、例えば合戦への従軍・敵に与えた損害・自軍の損害といったことを書く。
- Next came further details about the war or battle in which the vassal served, what damage was afflicted on the enemy, and what damage its own forces suffered.
- この将門らの謀反により翌天慶3年(940年)に以前の訴えが事実になって経基は放免された。
- With the rebellion by Masakado etc., Tsunemoto was acquitted the following year, in 940, because his past appeal became a fact.
- 清吉は知らぬこととはいえ自分がおさよの弟を殺した事実を知り、涙ながらにおさよに告白する。
- Seikichi learns that he killed Osayo's younger brother without knowing that, and confesses the fact to her.
- 極東の平和は、日本、アメリカ、イギリス3国による事実上の同盟によって守られるべきである。
- The peace in East Asia can be best accomplished by a de facto alliance between Japan, the United States and Great Britain.
- 大友皇子即位説とは『日本書紀』の編者が曲筆して大友即位の事実を抹殺したという説でもある。
- The Prince Otomo enthronement theory considers that a compiler of 'Chronicles of Japan' deleted the fact of the enthronement of Prince Otomo intentionally.
- このように数は多く、平安時代には大友皇子即位が事実として受け入れられていたと言ってよい。
- With such a lot of descriptions, it can be concluded that in the Heian period the enthronement of Prince Otomo was generally accepted as a fact.
- とはいえ,読み本系の方が語り本系に比べて事実を正確に伝えているかどうかは別の問題である。
- However, it is another question whether the yomihon group describes the facts precisely when compared with the kataribon group.
- その編纂が仮に事実であったとしても、口承伝承に多く頼らざるを得なかったと推定されている。
- Even if that compilation had been true, it is guessed that it had to have largely relied on oral traditions.
- 事実上拒否したに等しかったが、西郷は勝・大久保を信頼して、翌日の江戸城総攻撃を中止した。
- In fact, Katsu answered as if he were rejecting these conditions; Saigo trusted Katsu and Okubo, so Saigo terminated the following day's general attack upon Edo-jo Castle.
- もっとも、徳川吉宗が定めた『公事方御定書』によって過料の体系化が行われたのも事実である。
- Of course, it is also fact that Karyo was systematized under Kujigata-osadamegaki (the law of Edo bakufu) provided by Yoshimune TOKUGAWA.
- これにより大韓帝国の外交権はほぼ大日本帝国に接収されることとなり、事実上保護国となった。
- This treaty allowed the Empire of Japan to deprive the Korean Empire of its diplomatic right, making Korea in effect Japan's protect state.
- 相続債権者又は受遺者 その有する債権の存在及び当該相続財産の破産手続開始の原因となる事実
- An inheritance obligee or donee: The existence of the claim held thereby and the fact constituting the grounds for the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings against the inherited property
- 証拠の申出は、証明すべき事実及びこれと証拠との関係を具体的に明示してしなければならない。
- Evidence shall be offered by specifically and clearly indicating the fact to be proven thereby and the relationship between such fact and the evidence.
- 白河が事実上の政治の中心となったため、本来は平安京の外であった白河が「京白河」と称された。
- Since Shirakawa became the virtual center of mainstream politics, Shirakawa was called 'Kyo Shirakawa', even though it was originally located outside Heian-kyo.
- だが、領主である延暦寺が「仏敵」とした蓮如を堅田が匿っているという事実は延暦寺を刺激した。
- However, Enryaku-ji Temple got irritated by the fact that Katata people sheltered Rennyo, who Enryaku-ji Temple criticized as an 'Enemy of Buddhist.'
- 寛文9年(1669年)に著わした『中朝事実』(ちゅうちょうじじつ)で下のように論じている。
- He wrote the 'Chuchojijitsu' (the True Central Empire) in 1669, and in this book, he said as follows:
- 11世紀後期からは太上天皇が治天の君(事実上の君主)となって政務に当たる院政が開始された。
- In the latter half of the 11th century, the Cloister Government started, whereby Daijo Tenno (retired Emperor) became the Chiten no kimi (the retired emperor in power) and influenced political affairs.
- もしこれが事実となんらかの関係があるとすれば、おそらく田麩のおこりはカツオであろうという。
- If there is any credibility to this legend, it is likely that bonito was the origin of denbu.
- 明楽は江戸時代の中期には衰退したため、明清楽と称しても、事実上、清楽だけを指すことも多い。
- Mingaku was on the decline in the middle of the Edo period, so Minshingaku substantially means - in many cases - Shingaku.
- これは先行する事実をモデルにしないかぎり、名称をつけられず、議論も不可能であるためである。
- This is because unless the prior facts have not been modeled, names can not be given, and discussions can not be held.
- このことから、この頃の日本は事実を具体的に文字による記録で残すことをしなかったと見られる。
- So, this indicates Japanese people during this period did not record documents concretely written by letters.
- その結果、10月31日に進歩党は事実上の野党となり、直後に大隈と進歩党系参事官は辞任した。
- Consequently, on October 31, the Progressive Party virtually became an opposition party, and immediately after that, OKUMA and counsellors from the Progressive Party side resigned.
- 以上のことが事実であるとすれば、事件そのものが用意周到な謀略であったと見ることもできよう。
- If the above description is true it could be considered that the incident itself was a conspiracy meticulously prepared in advance.
- 被告が口頭弁論において原告の主張した事実を争わず、その他何らの防御の方法をも提出しない場合
- Where the defendant does not deny the facts alleged by the plaintiff at oral argument or does not advance any allegations or evidence.
- 準備書面において相手方の主張する事実を否認する場合には、その理由を記載しなければならない。
- In cases of denying in a brief any facts alleged by the opponent, the reason therefor shall be stated therein.
- 奏事不実(そうじふじつ)とは、天皇に事実と違うことを奏上すること、または他者を讒言すること。
- Sojifujitsu is to make a false statement to the Emperor or to make a false charge.
- これらのことから、占事略决が安倍家における六壬神課伝授の目録とは断定できないのも事実である。
- In view of the above, it is also true that we cannot conclude 'Senji ryakketsu' was the Abe family's list of instruction in Rikujinshinka.
- 事実、大東流合気柔術には多彩な会派があり、合気道がその中の一会派だという見解も成り立ちうる。
- In fact, Daito-ryu Aiki Jujutsu has various factions, and it's possible to view Aikido as one such faction.
- 礼射系は儀礼・儀式的な要素が加味されつつ発展した射の系統を言うが、事実上小笠原流系統をさす。
- The Reisha group refers to a shooting lineage that developed with elements of courtesy and ceremony, but in reality it refers to the Ogasawara school lineage.
- アミノ酸の多くなった生酛や山廃酛のどっしりした味わいを好む愛飲家も多いこともまた事実である。
- It is also true, however, that there are many sake drinkers who like taste of kimoto or yamahaimoto containing a lot of amino acids.
- 歴史上、このことは太鼓を主体化するという革新的事実(芸能、音楽としての太鼓)に貢献している。
- This general phenomenon, however, has proved in history by (the Japanese drum in performing arts and in music) centralizing the Japanese drum as the main constituent.
- 事実、当時の天狗の形状姿は一定せず、多くは僧侶形で、時として童子姿や鬼形をとることもあった。
- In fact, the figure of the Tengu of the period was not fixed; most often it would resemble a monk, but some had the figure of a child or a goblin.
- だが、寛正2年(1461年)に焼失後、応仁の乱の混乱もあり、寺は事実上の廃寺状態となったが、
- However, after a devastating fire in 1461, the temple virtually closed amid the confusion in the wake of the Onin War.
- しかし、律令制の荒廃による租税・出挙未納もあり、平安時代中期には事実上崩壊することになった。
- However, the decline of the ritsuryo system and the unpaid land tax and suiko led shozei system to the virtual corruption in the mid Heian period.
- 同様に、4世紀後半以前の皇室の祖先については、事実を正確に記録していたかどうかは不明である。
- In the same way, it is not certain that it recorded the facts accurately about the ancestors of the Imperial Family before the latter part of the fourth century.
- そのような例では地子が「免許」されたというより「初めからなかった」と捉えたほうが事実に近い。
- In this case, jishi was non-existent from the beginning rather than exempt.
- 全区画が外国人所有の治外法権の土地であり、日本人の立入が厳しく制限された事実上の租界である。
- All of the blocks were owned by foreigners and thus subject to the laws of extraterroriality, meaning the settlement was a true concession that Japanese nationals were severely restricted in entering.
- もし、これが事実なら家康は美濃~京へ進軍する方と、伊勢~京に進軍する二手に分かれることになる。
- If this is true, Ieyasu must have divided his troop into two, one to march to Kyoto through Mino and the other to march to Kyoto through Ise.
- 「徳仁親王の人格否定発言を契機として事実に基づかない言論も行われ、心の沈む日も多くありました」
- With many groundless opinions expressed following the Crown Prince Naruhito's remark that his wife Crown Prince Masako's personality has been neglected, I was frequently depressed.'
- 左大臣石上麻呂を藤原京の管理者として残したため、右大臣藤原不比等が事実上の最高権力者になった。
- She ordered Sadaijin (Minister of the Left) ISONOKAMI no Maro to remain in the Fujiwara-kyo as an administrator, and therefore Udaijin (Minister of the Right) FUJIWARA no Fuhito became the de facto supreme power-wielder.
- 事実、明治元年(1868年)1月の『山名家加封之時藩士格録人名』には武田氏の名前が見えている。
- In fact, the Takeda clan was listed in the 'Yamanake kafunotoki hanshi kakuroku jinmei' compiled in January 1868.
- 南北朝時代には室町幕府の守護が自らの家人に対して、官途状を発給し、事実上の官職の私称を許した。
- In the period of Northern and Southern Courts, shugo of Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) issued written appointments to their kenin, who were effectively allowed to call themselves governmental or provincial officers.
- 事実、舞妓のなり手がいない置屋では、インターネットを通して舞妓志望者を募るところもあるという。
- In fact, it is said that some geisha dwellings which have no Maiko are recruiting applicants for Maiko through the Internet.
- 史料により3代目までは確認できるが、以後の子孫は不明で、事実上断絶した宮家として扱われている。
- The family line is confirmed to 3 generations by historical materials, however, later generations are unknown and are treated as a virtually discontinued family.
- なお、桔梗原の戦いに関しては矢島文書など極少数の資料にしか記述がなく、確定された事実ではない。
- There are only a few written records of the Kikyogahara battle, for example, the Yajima bunsho, and there is no proof whether the battle in fact took place or not.
- また江戸時代での出版規制の事実も松平英明、本間五郎の著物では、以下の事例について、述べている。
- As for regulations regarding publishing during the Edo period, the following examples are mentioned in the books by Hideaki MATSUDAIRA and Goro HONMA.
- ロシアは満洲の植民地化を既定事実化しようとしたが、日英米がこれに抗議しロシアは撤兵を約束した。
- Although Russia attempted to secure Manchuria through colonization, Japan, England, and the United States protested, and Russia subsequently promised to withdraw its troops.
- 許可申請書若しくはその添付書類のうちに虚偽の記載があり、又は重要な事実の記載が欠けているとき。
- when an application for permission or documents to be attached to it contains a fake statement, or lacks a statement about important matters.
- 外国管財人は、前項の申立てをするときは、破産手続開始の原因となる事実を疎明しなければならない。
- A foreign trustee, when filing the petition set forth in the preceding paragraph, shall make a prima facie showing of the fact constituting the grounds for the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings.
- 将軍の権威の失墜はすなわち守護大名の権威の失墜を意味し、そして事実としてそうなっていくのである。
- After all, if the authority of the Shogun were to be eroded, so too would that of the Shugo daimyo.
- これは僧尼令や僧綱の対象が僧尼であって仏教そのものを対象にした法令ではなかった事実の反映である。
- Therefore, Soni ryo and Sogo were applied to monks and nuns, and they did not regulate Buddhism itself.
- しかし、元寇以降は全国の武士に軍事動員をかける権限などを手にし、事実上全国を支配することとなる。
- But after the Mongol invasions, the bakufu assumed the right to mobilize all the warriors in the country, and with this achieved de facto control over the entire country.
- そのため、濃く粘度の高い呉を使って、現在のような高濃度の豆乳を作ることは、事実上不可能であった。
- This is why it was virtually impossible to make the present-day high concentrations of soy milk using thick, viscous go.
- そうした事実がなくとも、膨大な量の燈籠の管理や火災防止、後片付けは寺院にとって大きな負担である。
- Aside from these phenomena, it is a heavy burden for a temple to keep a large number of bon toro, to take fire prevention measures about them, and to clean them up.
- →これに対して、定額寺の中で定額僧が定まっていた事実を確認できる寺は少数であるという反論がある。
- A refutation of this theory is that there are only a handful of temples that are proved to have embraced jogakuso.
- 法的には、文部科学大臣によって指定の事実が官報に告示された日から重要文化財の指定は効力を発する。
- Legally, from the date the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology indicates the approval in an official gazette, the designation of the important cultural property becomes effective.
- 後に帰参は認められるものの、十世左近重成に大夫職を譲り、事実上の蟄居状態が続いたと見られている。
- Although later he was allowed to return, he handed over the position to the tenth Sakon Shigenari and it is considered that he was put under virtual house arrest.
- 貞顕の祖は顕彰記事の多い北条実時であり、実時は北条時頼を支えたとされ金沢家の事実上の初代である。
- Sadaaki's ancestor was Sanetoki HOJO, who appears in the articles of eulogy many times and is the actual first head of the Kanazawa family, being seen as a supporter of Tokiyori HOJO.
- ただし、太政官符の場合は初行の書出と2行目の事実書の間に1行設け符の概要を示す事書が加えられる。
- A 'Daijokanpu', however, had a summary of command inserted between the opening sentence and the second line that contained the actual command.
- また江戸時代に事実上日本の首都機能を担った江戸という財産が、ほぼ無傷で新政府の傘下に接収された。
- The new government seized property, taking Edo, the main Japanese capital for functions during the Edo period, this was done with almost no destruction so, Edo came under the organizational control of the new government.
- 明治天皇の2度の東京行幸により太政官も東京に移され、東京が事実上の首都と見なされるようになった。
- Since Emperor Meiji visited Tokyo twice the Dajokan moved to Tokyo, and from this point Tokyo was considered the de facto capital.
- ただ、当時としては最大規模の鉄砲隊の投入、また騎馬隊を防ぐための馬防柵が活躍したのは事実である。
- Yet the fact remains that the then largest teppo units were deployed and the stockade was instrumental in warding off Takeda's cavalry.
- 上﨟塚砦にいた中西新八郎大将と宮脇平四郎副将に荒木村重の逃亡の事実を巧みに使い寝返りに成功した。
- The fact of Murashige ARAKI's escape was used tactfully to convince Shinpachiro NAKANISHI, the general, and Heishiro MIYAWAKI, the adjutant general, who were in Fort Jorozuka and he succeeded in convincing them to change sides.
- 1952年 排日移民法の事実上の撤廃となる修正移民法(マッキャラン・ウォルター移民帰化法)可決。
- In 1952, the Immigration and Nationality Act (MacCarran-Walter Act) was passed, which virtually abolished the Japanese Exclusion Act.
- 訴訟代理人の事実に関する陳述は、当事者が直ちに取り消し、又は更正したときは、その効力を生じない。
- Statements on facts made by a counsel, if immediately retracted or corrected by a party, shall not become effective.
- 義朝と行動を共にした源重成・季実も滅亡の運命を辿り、ここに後白河院政派は事実上壊滅することになる。
- Orders to eliminate MINAMOTO no Shigenari and Hidezane, who had acted in tandem with Yoshitomo, followed in due course, and with their deaths, the Goshirakawa Insei faction had effectively been destroyed.
- 肯定的立場からは、事実上の国歌として歌われてきた明治以来の伝統を重視するリベラル寄りの意見がある。
- From the affirmative standpoints, there is an opinion on the liberal side which places importance upon tradition since the Meiji Period to sing as de facto, the national anthem.
- しかし、殉死者の家族が栄達したり加増を受けたケースは皆無であり、商腹は歴史的事実ではないとされる。
- However, there are no cases of the families of an individual who committed suicide to follow another into death achieving proliferation and advancement, and akinaibara is not thought to have been a historical fact.
- なお、五色不動を結んだ線の内側が「朱引内」あるいは「江戸の内府」と呼ばれたという説は事実ではない。
- The theory explaining that the area inside the lines connecting all of the points where the respective Goshiki Fudo were located on the map was referred to as 'Shubikiuchi' or 'Naifu of Edo' is contradictory to the fact.
- 近年、葬儀当日に寝不足になることを不満に持つ喪主が増えている事も事実であり、まさに本末転倒である。
- In recent times, it is true that some moshu (hosts of the funeral) feel unhappy about being short of sleep for the funeral, but this is really an example of getting one's priorities wrong.
- 事実、義経の要請に応じて源頼朝追討の院宣を発しておきながら、その頼朝に義経追討の院宣を発している。
- In fact, although he issued the command of a retired emperor to kill MINAMOTO no Yoritomo due to Yoshitsune's request, he also issued another command for Yoritomo to kill Yoshitsune.
- 藤作は村に生きて戻ってきたが、村人は石鐵県の聴訟課に蘇生の事実を届出、今後についての指示を仰いだ。
- Tosaku went back to his village alive and the village people reported this to a department called Choshoka (function of police and court) and asked what to do.
- そこで『書紀』の編纂者は即位の事実を知りながら記さなかったというのが、大友皇子即位説の考えである。
- The Prince Otomo enthronement theory says that the compiler did not wrote about the enthronement in Chronicles, although he knew that the prince was enthroned.
- また、この協定によって同年に日露協約を締結した日本は三国協商陣営の事実上の一員に加わることになる。
- Japan also concluded the Japanese-Russian Treaty in the same year and joined the Triple Entente.
- 律令制が事実上崩壊してからも、鎌倉時代においては、依然として各国に国衙が置かれ、国を支配していた。
- In Kamakura period, even after the Ritsuryo system virtually collapsed, Kokuga (administrative organ) was still placed in each province and controlled it.
- しかし、版籍奉還後の藩知事にも藩主同様の世襲が認めれていたことから、事実上の改易であったと言える。
- This was generally considered to be kaieki because the governor position could be hereditary like the lord position even after lands and people were returned to the Emperor.
- そして、除目が発表された時には頼朝と義経の仲は険悪化しており、義経は事実上御門葉とは認めなかった。
- Also, the relationship between Yoritomo and Yoshitsune was strained at the point that Jimoku was made public, so Yoshitsune wasn't factually acknowledged as a gomonyo.
- 一方の西園寺も、政友会の党務を事実上取り仕切り、地方利益の追求をすすめる原敬との確執を強めていた。
- On the other hand, Saionji was intensifying feud with Takashi HARA, who was practically controlling the affaires of the Seiyukai and pursuing local interests.
- 事務管理又は不当利得によって生ずる債権の成立及び効力は、その原因となる事実が発生した地の法による。
- The formation and effect of a claim arising from management without mandate (negotiorum gestio) or unjust enrichment shall be governed by the law of the place where the facts constituting the cause of it occurred.
- 後継の守護に富樫泰高を擁立しながらも実質的には蓮綱と蓮悟が事実上の国主となる「両御山」体制を敷いた。
- While Yasutaka TOGASHI succeeded Masachika as provincial constable, Renko and Rengo effectively became lords of the province and established the 'Two Temples' system.
- 一澤帆布工業は事実上、製造部門を全て失った形となり、2006年3月6日に一澤帆布店は営業を休止した。
- Ichizawa Hanpu Co., Ltd. substantially lost the entire manufacturing department and Ichizawa Hanpu store stopped its business on March 6, 2006.
- 正平7年には北朝を存続させるため、事実上の治天の君(国王)の座に就き、天皇家の家督者として君臨した。
- In 1352, she ruled the Imperial Household as the head which was de facto Chiten no kimi; the retired emperor who controls the cloistered government (King), in order to maintain the Northern Court.
- もう一つは、公的機関の窓口で紹介する等の事実上の「保証」(これもブランドの構成要素の一つ)であろう。
- Another reason is the actual assurances (also an element of a brand) that come from their connections to public organizations.
- 大手軍は7月11日に発向したが、事実上の総大将であった侍所頭人・山名持豊はなかなか京を動かなかった。
- The major army set out on August 6th, but the practical supreme commander, Samurai-dokoro tonin, Mochitoyo YAMANA, was long start off Kyoto.
- しかし大奥はどの時代も「事実上の大奥総取締」というべき職掌を担った一人の女性によって統括されていた。
- However, O-oku had been administrated by a lady who was in complete control and she was 'virtual head of O-oku'.
- 前項に掲げる者以外の者は、当該事案に関し、人事院に対し、あらゆる事実及び資料を提出することができる。
- Persons other than those listed in the preceding paragraph may produce to the National Personnel Authority any facts and data concerning the case.
- 聴聞が終結する時までの間、当該不利益処分の原因となる事実を証する資料の閲覧を求めることができること。
- that the addressee, until the conclusion of the hearing, may demand inspection of materials which prove the facts upon which the anticipated Adverse Disposition will be based.
- まさに歴史の皮肉としか言えないが、幕府が容堂を藩主にまで押し上げた事実を考えれば、当然の事でもあった。
- This was truly an irony of history, but it was also very logical, considering the fact that Bakufu had placed Yodo in a position as daimyo.
- そのため、単なる既成事実であった国免荘にも課税(一国平均役)をするため、たびたび荘園整理令が出された。
- Therefore, Manor Regulation Acts were frequently ordered to levy taxes (Ikkoku heikinyaku [taxes and labor uniformly imposed on shoen and kokugaryo in a province]) even on kokumen no sho, which was, after all, nothing more than an accomplished fact.
- この事実を知っていたからこそ、紀貫之は敢えてこれを 隠し、「題知らず」「読人知らず」の形での掲載した。
- As KI no Tsurayuki knew this fact, he suppressed it and inserted the waka as 'title not known' and 'author not known'.
- 同年5月には将軍秀忠が上洛しており、およつ懐妊の事実が秀忠の知るところになると、和子入内は延期される。
- In May of the same year, Shogun Hidetada travelled to Kyoto where he extended Kazuko's stay at the palace as consort when he discovered that Oyotsu was pregnant.
- →これに対して、定額寺に列せられた際に寺額を授与された事実を確認できる寺は少数であるという反論がある。
- This theory has been rebutted in that there are few temples that are proved to have been awarded the frame with a certificate on the occasion of appointment as a jogakuji.
- 両替商・その他商人は贋金による取引を一切禁じる(贋金が鋳造・流通している事実を内外に正式に公表する)。
- Money-exchange business and other exchanges by merchants using counterfeit money is strictly forbidden (the fact that Japan was coining and circulating counterfeit money would be announced to Japan and foreign countries).
- 事実上東京が首都と見なされるようになり、東京城はやがて「宮城」「皇居」と呼ばれるようになったのである。
- Eventually, the citizens of Japan recognized the fact, that Tokyo was the de facto capital; then gradually 'Tokyo-jo Castle' became to be referred to as the 'Kyujo' (place where the Emperor lives), and finally as the 'Kokyo' (Imperial Palace).
- これらの事実は、律令施行があたかも一つの王朝の創始(または国家建設)に擬せられていたことを表している。
- All of these things show that the enforcement of the Ritsuryo was likened to the founding of a dynasty (or the establishment of a country).
- 李朝 (ベトナム)期(11世紀)に北宋から事実上の独立を果たし、独自の律令格式を制定するようになった。
- Ly Dynasty of Vietnam (11th century) achieved independence from Northern Song, and it established its own Luli Geshi.
- しかし、殉死者の家族が加増を受けたり栄達したケースは皆無であり、「商腹」は歴史的事実ではないとされる。
- However, it is thought that 'shobara' is not a historic fact because there is no case in which the family of the person who performed junshi got an increase in stipend.
- 日本ではマルコ・ポーロが紹介した事実が非常によく知られており、日本の一種の別名としてとらえられている。
- In Japan, the fact that Marco Polo introduced Japan as Zipangu to Europe is well known, so that Zipangu is thought to be another name of Japan.
- 一番上の真人(まひと)は、主に皇族に与えられたため、皇族以外の臣下の中では事実上一番上の地位にあたる。
- Asomi was effectively the highest title amid vassals other than the Imperial Family because Mahito, which was the highest rank, was reserved exclusively for certain imperial clans.
- この銘文が日本古代史の確実な基準点となりその他の歴史事実の実年代を定める上で大きく役立つことになった。
- This inscription became a reliable standard in the history of ancient Japan, and it was a great help to decide the real dates of the other historical facts.
- 文書の成立の真否又は手形の提示に関する事実については、申立てにより、当事者本人を尋問することができる。
- With regard to a fact concerning the authenticity of the creation of a document or the presentation of a bill or note, upon petition, a party him/herself may be examined.
- ただし、戦後の雄琴温泉は歓楽温泉として発展したことで、雄琴の集客において一役買っていたことも事実である。
- However, in fact, the red-light area played a part in attracting guests for Ogoto Onsen, which developed as a hot springs resort with red-light areas, after the war.
- 元亀4年(1573年)に足利義昭を京から放逐すると、室町幕府は事実上崩壊し、名実共に織田政権が確立する。
- When he exiled Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA from Kyoto in 1573, Muromachi Bakufu virtually collapsed, and the Oda government was established in name and reality.
- 寛永寺は他宗の問題である事を理由に宗派に任せる(事実上の容認)姿勢を見せたのに対して、増上寺は激怒した。
- Kanei-ji Temple practically approved the proposal, saying that since it was another sect's matter, they entrusted it to the other sect, while Zojo-ji Temple was infuriated.
- 近年、本家筋の子孫が小笠原流礼法の商標を無断で登録して宗家を称したことにより裁判沙汰になった事実がある。
- Recently, desecendants of the main branch of the family were taken to court for registering Ogasawara-ryu Reiho as a trademark and using the Soke title.
- 事実とすればこの時期倭の側に仏教受け入れの準備ができていたことを示すことから、この年を重視する説もある。
- If this is true, it shows that the Wa side had already prepared to accept Buddhism, so that some theories emphasize this year.
- 広義門院が上皇の役割を代行することは、事実上、広義門院が治天の君として院政を開始することを意味していた。
- Kogimonin's act for the Retired Emperor meant that she virtually would commence the cloistered government as Chiten no kimi.
- 天武天皇8年(679年)には吉野の盟約で事実上の後継者となり、天武天皇10年(681年)、2月に皇太子。
- Prince Kusakabe became the de facto successor at Yoshino Pact in 679, and became the crown prince in February, 681.
- もし事実なら皇太后順子の邸でそんなことが出来た(許された)子どもとは、一体誰だったのか、非常に興味深い。
- If this story is true, it is very interesting as to who the child was who could make (or was permitted) such a thing in the residence of the Empress Dowager Nobuko.
- それによれば『日本書紀』、『懐風藻』、瞽史児女子の書に大友皇子が帝だったという事実が書かれているという。
- It says that 'Chronicles of Japan,' 'Kaifuso' and a Koshi Jijoshi document indicated that Prince Otomo was an emperor.
- また、政事(まつりごと)よりも藤原北家の後宮制覇に重心を置くため、後編の記述は事実の羅列というしかない。
- Also, because it focuses on mastery over the rear palace by the Northern House of the Fujiwara family rather than on politics, the descriptions in the latter part seem like mere lists of facts.
- 形式的には委託であるが事実上接収であり、朝鮮半島における情報伝達網を全て日本の管理下におくものであった。
- It was formally a commission but was actually a takeover to place all the information transmission network under the control of Japan.
- 事実、板垣は総攻撃中止の決定に対して猛反対したが、パークスとのやりとりを聞くとあっさり引き下がっている。
- In fact, Itagaki furiously opposed the termination of the general attack upon Edo-jo Castle, but he simply accepted this result, after he was made aware of the incidence of the exchange with Parkes.
- 台湾文化協会は事実上台湾共産党の支配下に入り、台湾共産党が一斉検挙されると同時に台湾文化協会も崩壊した。
- The Taiwan Cultural Association came virtually under the control of the Taiwanese Communist Party and fell apart at the same time with the arrest of the Taiwanese Communist Party members.
- 国際的には、事実上、防衛庁長官(防衛大臣)は軍部大臣、自衛隊は軍隊、自衛官は武官と目されるようになった。
- Internationally, the Chief Defense Agency (Minister of Defense) was recognized as a Military Minister and the Japan Self-Defense Forces were recognized as a military, and a Self-Defense Official was recognized as a military officer.
- また、天皇の2度目の東幸に伴ない政府(太政官)が東京に移されたことを「事実上の東京遷都」と言うこともある。
- Following the relocation of the government (Dajokan) to Tokyo, the Emperor's second visit to Tokyo was sometimes referred to as 'the actual relocation of the capital to Tokyo.'
- これを誠実な態度の表れとみる者もいるが、その部分に編者が故意に隠した事実があるのではないかと疑う者もいる。
- There are those who regard this as a manifestation of the sincere attitude but there are also those who have doubts that there are facts that were deliberately withheld by the compilers.
- 「時宗」と書かれるようになったのは、寛永10年(1633年)の『時宗藤沢遊行末寺帳』が事実上の初見である。
- Jishu, which had been written as '時衆' for a long time, was written as '時宗' for the first time in 'Jishu Fujisawa Yugyo Matsuji-cho' (Note of Branch Temples of Fujisawa Yugyo-ji Temple of the Ji Sect) in 1633.
- この頃には、津田左右吉らの日本古代史学者が、神話は歴史事実とは異なるとしただけで職を追われるようになった。
- Around this period, scholars of historic studies of Ancient Japan, like Sokichi TSUDA, were forced to resign simply because he regarded myths to be different from historical facts.
- ただこの作品は欧米での受けが良くなるよう、歴史的事実がかなりデフォルメされている点は留意されねばならない。
- However, it is better to remind oneself that a great amount of historical truth was altered to make the film appealing to audiences in Europe and the United States.
- 律令の枠内でも様々な名目で大土地所有が可能となっており、貴族層を中心に荘園が存在していたという事実もある。
- Even within the framework of the Ritsuryo system, it was possible under various pretexts to privately own large tracts of land, so that there existed private estates, owned mainly by families of noble rank.
- これは単に「朝廷の衰微・幕府の驕慢」という皇国史観的な発想で解釈すると事実の見誤りの生じさせる言葉である。
- This expression is misleading if interpreted as 'the decline of the Imperial Court and the arrogance of the bakufu' according to kokoku shikan (emperor-centered historiography which is based on state Shinto).
- また、純友の父の従兄弟にあたる藤原元名が承平2年から5年にかけて伊予守であったという事実に注目されている。
- It should be noted that FUJIWARA no Motona, the cousin of Sumitomo's father, served as Iyo no kami (Governor of Iyo Province) for 5 years from 932.
- しかし、学研都市での研究が成果を上げていることも事実であり、今のところ、計画の大幅な変更は発表されていない。
- However, it is also undeniable that the research conducted in Science City has produced results, and no drastic modification of the original plan has been announced yet.
- 教官の人事権を事実上教授会が掌握するという慣行を文相が承認したことで、学問の自由大学の自治は大きく前進した。
- As the Minister for Education approved a practice under which faculty councils held essential authority over personnel issues of professors, academic freedom as well as university autonomy became solid.
- ライナービヤーは既存ビール会社からビールと紛らわしいと不正競争防止法で訴えられ、事実上販売を差し止められた。
- Liner Beer Co., Ltd. was sued by older beer companies based on the Unfair Competition Prevention Act and it is claimed that Liner's product was confusingly similar to beer and Liner was forced in effect to halt sales.
- しかし全空連を含む多くの試合では事実上当てることが認められており、直後の引き手でダメージの軽減を計っている。
- However, in many matches, including those hosted by the JKF, contestants are virtually allowed to punch the opponent's body, whereas they should try to limit any damage by quickly withdrawing the punch (called 'hikite').
- 改帳には、家族単位の氏名と年齢、檀徒として属する寺院名などが記載されており、事実上、戸籍として機能していた。
- The name and age of family members per household and the name of a family temple were recorded in Shumon Ninbetsu Aratame Cho, which virtually worked as a household register.
- 康仁親王が京都で没した事が事実であれば開山後京都へ戻り没し、遺骨の一部か全てかを龍雲寺に運んだと考えられる。
- If Imperial Prince Yasuhito in fact died in Kyoto, it was presumed that he went back to Kyoto after the opening Ryoun-ji Temple and died there, part or all of his remains were moved back to the temple.
- その後、第二次日韓協約が締結され、大韓帝国の外交権はほぼ日本に接収されることとなり、事実上、保護国となった。
- After that, the Eulsa Treaty was made, and Japan took over the diplomatic right of the Korean Empire, which practically made Korea the protectorate of Japan.
- 日本側では、この提案では朝鮮が事実上ロシアの支配下となり、日本の独立も危機的な状況になりかねないと判断した。
- Japan judged that the Russian proposal would effectively place Korea under the control of the Russians, and would inevitably pose a threat to the Japanese sovereignty.
- 事実において、地方官において最下級の目 (国司)の子・春澄善縄が文章生から文章博士を経て参議に昇進している。
- As a matter of fact, HARUSUMI no Yoshitada, a son of a sakan (kokushi (provincial governors)), which was the lowest ranked local official, became monjosho and monjo hakase and then was promoted to sangi (councilor).
- 1880年以後、定数は事実上無視されて知事や政府高官経験者が次の役職を得るまでの待機ポストの色合いを強める。
- After the year of 1880 the quota was ignored practically, it became a kind of waiting post for a prefectural governor and high officials of the government by getting a new post.
- 前二項の場合において、契約の解除又は損害賠償の請求は、買主が事実を知った時から一年以内にしなければならない。
- In the cases set forth in the preceding two paragraphs, the cancellation of the contract or claim for damages must be made within one year from the time when the buyer comes to know the facts.
- 幕府の終期については、1573年に15代将軍足利義昭が織田信長によって京都から追放されたことで事実上崩壊した。
- Regarding the time when the bakufu ended, it virtually ended in 1573 when the fifteenth shogun, Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA, was banished from Kyoto by Nobunaga ODA.
- ただ唐の律令を継受するにさいして、日本独自の条件を考慮に入れて重要な修正を行っている事実も注意する必要がある。
- However, it must be noted that important revisions were made with consideration given to uniquely Japanese conditions when the Tang ritsuryo was adopted.
- 事実、家康は7月18日の時点ではまだ江戸城にあり、7月21日になってようやく会津に向かって進軍を開始していた。
- In fact, Ieyasu was actually in Edo-jo Castle on July 18 and finally left for Aizu Domain with his army on July 21.
- シュメール、アッシリアの古代史と仏教の阿修羅にまつわる伝承との類似性も高く、信憑性のある事実として指摘される。
- The transmissions about Ashura of Buddhism have great similarities to the ancient histories of Sumer and Assyria and are noted as credible facts.
- ※…北朝_(日本)3例を含む一方で事実上の廃位である淳仁天皇・仲恭天皇、北朝の光厳天皇・崇光天皇の4例は省く。
- * While 3 examples from the Northern Court (Japan) are included, the 4 examples of the Emperor Junnin, the Emperor Chukyo, and the Emperor Kogon and the Emperor Suko of the Northern Court, which effectively were dethronement, are excluded.
- 武田信玄が徳川家康の野田城 (三河国)攻めの際に死亡した事実を隠すため、弟・武田信廉らは信玄の影武者を立てる。
- In order to conceal the fact that Shingen TAKEDA died in the attack on Noda-jo Castle (Mikawa Province) by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, his younger brother Nobukado TAKEDA and others used him as Shingen's body double.
- 両者は名称こそ同じでも、楽器の材質や形状、フレットの位置、弦のはりかた等が違っており、事実上別種の楽器である。
- Although they have the same name, they are, in fact, of two different types, because their material, shape, positions of the frets, way of stringing, and so on.
- 事実上新政府軍は、かつて諸外国と条約を締結した政府としての徳川家と、対等の交戦団体として認識されたことになる。
- This was an official recognition by the foreign governments of the new governmental army as an equal party, to then engage in battle against the Tokugawa family, which up to this time, was the official governmental entity for concluding treaties.
- 黄宗羲は、陽明学左派のようなひたすら唯心的に事柄を論ずる学風を好まず、事実に即した実証的な学問の確立を求めた。
- Huang Zongxi did not approve of the Yomei-gaku left-wing's approach of discussing matters idealistically, and sought to establish empirical scholarship that was based on fact.
- 東京遷都の詔勅が発布されていない故、天皇制が存続する現在もなお京都が、公式に日本の首都である事実に変わりは無い。
- Because there has never been a shochoku (imperial edict) for the transfer of the national capital to Tokyo, there has been no change to the fact that Kyoto is officially the capital of Japan even now while the imperial system continues.
- しかし諸外国は、日本を天皇を元首とした立憲君主国とみなしており、日本政府も事実上天皇を元首として取り扱っている。
- However, other countries consider Japan as a constitutional monarchy with the Emperor as the head of state and the Japanese government are treating the Emperor more or less as the head of the country.
- 事実、東大寺の設置した布施屋では寝具が2組しかなく、とても継続して宿泊出来る環境ではなかったことが分かっている。
- In fact, it is known that the Fuseya established by Todai-ji Temple had only two sets of bedding and had conditions far from capable of accommodating guests for many days.
- しかし、たとえ刀でも合戦の最中に鎧兜に身をかためた必死に迫って来る敵の首を一撃で断ち斬るのは事実上不可能である。
- However, it is virtually impossible to cut off the head of an enemy rushing desperately with an armor and a helmet at a single stroke in the middle of a battle even with a sword.
- なお、後円融の死後、足利義満が事実上の治天となっており、子の義嗣を天皇位に就けようと画策していたとする説もある。
- After Goenyu died, Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA was the actual Chiten, there was a theory that he planned to appoint his son, Yoshitsugu, as Emperor.
- また廃業の際には退会しなければならず、能楽協会会員であることが玄人の能楽師であることと事実上は同義となっている。
- Additionally, one must withdraw from Nogaku Kyokai when he or she goes out of business, which means that being a member of the association is in effect equivalent to being a regular nogakushi.
- 日露戦争中ではあるが、この条約が結ばれた時期には朝鮮半島での戦闘は終了し、韓国は事実上日本の占領下に入っていた。
- Although it was in the middle of the Russo-Japanese War, by the time this agreement was signed, the battle on the Korean Peninsula had ended and Korea was virtually under the rule of Japan.
- 表向きは唐が滅亡してから70年ほどであった(五代十国時代)が、事実上1世紀以上にわたって中国は分裂状態にあった。
- China was officially divided for 70 years (Godai-Jikkoku period), but in reality it lasted for more than 100 years.
- 上垣外憲一は、大和の権威を高めるために編纂されたのは周知の事実だが特に朝鮮半島関係の造作は著しいと指摘している。
- Kenichi KAMIGAITO has pointed out that it is common knowledge that it was compiled in order to raise the authority of Yamato and there are many fictional elements related to the Korean Peninsula.
- 事実、この戦いによって長年、小競り合いを続けてきた三河を完全に掌握し、以後、攻勢に打って出ることに成功している。
- After the assault, the Tokugawas in fact controlled the entire province of Mikawa where it had fought skirmishes with the Takeda family for many years, and successfully went on the offensive from then on.
- この場合、銀貨を流通させて金貨を退蔵した方が有利な為(グレシャムの法則)、なし崩し的に事実上の銀本位制となった。
- In such cases, the system gradually eroded and changed to the silver standard, because it was advantageous to circulate silver coins and hoard gold coins (Gresham's law).
- 上記の通説は幕府の編纂書『吾妻鏡』貞応3年6月28日条に記された伊賀氏謀反の「風説」を事実と認定した上での説だ。
- The common belief stated above is a theory which identified the 'rumor' of the Iga clan's rebellion described in the article of June 28th of Joo era in 'Azuma Kagami' (a chronicle of the early history of the Kamakura bakufu) as a fact.
- 事実の記載においては、請求を明らかにし、かつ、主文が正当であることを示すのに必要な主張を摘示しなければならない。
- The statements of facts shall clarify the claim and indicate allegations necessary to show that the main text is justifiable.
- 当事者は、主張及び立証を尽くすため、あらかじめ、証人その他の証拠について事実関係を詳細に調査しなければならない。
- A party shall, in order to make allegations and show proof thoroughly, research, in advance, facts concerning witnesses and any other evidence in detail.
- 信託債権を有する者又は受益者 その有する信託債権又は受益債権の存在及び当該信託財産の破産手続開始の原因となる事実
- A person who holds a claim in trust or beneficiary: The existence of the claim in trust or beneficial claim held thereby and the fact constituting the grounds for the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings against the trust property
- 唯一の男性天皇である文武天皇も、最高位の妻(事実上の正妻)は夫人である藤原宮子であり、皇后を立てることはなかった。
- The only male emperor during the period, Emperor Monmu, did not put up an empress because the highest-ranking wife (actual legal wife) was FUJIWARA no Miyako Fujin (consort of the emperor).
- 事実、オタフクやセンナリなど多くのソースメーカーが酢の醸造会社をルーツに持ち、今もソースと酢の両方を製造している。
- In fact, many sauce manufacturers such as OTAFUKU SAUCE Co., Ltd., Sennari Co., Ltd. are rooted as a vinegar brewery and even now they produce both the sauce and vinegar.
- 但し例外として、各大名諸藩で極秘裏に様々な銃器が研究されていたことも事実であり、そのバリエーションは多岐にわたる。
- Exceptionally, however, it was a fact that various firearms were secretly studied in each daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) and each clan and the variations were many.
- 試合前に礼を行うなど、礼を重視しているにもかかわらず、礼節を欠いた議論が多いことは目を背けてはならない事実だろう。
- During the games many arguments lacking sense of propriety arise, even though Kyogi Karuta greatly emphasizes propriety including the bows before the game; this fact should not be ignored.
- 稲荷山古墳から発見された金錯銘鉄剣の銘によれば5世紀中葉の地方豪族が8世代にもわたる系図を作成したのは事実である。
- According to the inscription of kinsakumei tekken discovered from Inariyama-kofun, it is true that local Gozoku (local ruling family) in the middle of the fifth century made a family tree for eight generations.
- だが、翌年の国会開設の詔書によって憲法は欽定憲法による方針が打ち出されたことによって、国約憲法論は事実上挫折した。
- However, the following year, an imperial edict at the opening of the National Diet declared that the constitutions would be created by the Emperor, and the idea of a constitution created by the people's representatives never materialized.
- もうひとつは、合戦は総大将頼俊が遠征途中で失脚したため、事実上遠征は中止され、成果は中途半端に終わったとするもの。
- The other theory assumes that the expedition was called off because of the downfall of the supreme commander Yoritoshi, therefore the expedition was half-finished.
- 8月10日に開かれた市議会で、事実調査するための地方自治法に基づく百条委員会の設置が提案され、賛成多数で可決された。
- The establishment of the investigation commission to investigate the fact based on Article 100 of the Local Autonomy Act was proposed at a city assembly held on August 10, which was approved by a majority.
- さらに、管領細川持之が土倉から賄賂一千貫を貰って保護の為に、出兵命令を出したという事実を知った守護大名は出兵を拒否。
- Besides, shugo daimyo (Japanese territorial lord as provincial constable) who had learned that kanrei (shogunal deputy) Mochiyuki HOSOKAWA ordered that troops be dispatched to protect the doso in exchange for 1,000 kan bribe from the doso, blocked the dispatch of the troops.
- 一方、政務決裁には事実上のトップである執権、その補佐である連署、合議機関である評定衆を置く集団指導体制を成立させる。
- At the same time, a collective leadership system for making policy decisions was established that was made up of the regent (who was effectively the leader), rensho (who acted as assistants to the regent), and the Hyojoshu (which acted as a consultative body).
- やがて明経道の教官職は中原氏・清原氏による世襲が事実上慣例化し、明経道そのものも専ら訓詁学研究に終始したようである。
- Before long, the position of Myogyodo lecturer became conventionally inherited by the Nakahara and Kiyohara clans and Myogyodo itself became the study of Kunkogaku (annotation and interpretation of classical books) as well.
- ただしこのような事実は、現在の韓国の歴史認識と背反しているため、韓国側では日本側による捏造・歪曲とされることが多い。
- However, this fact contradicts the present historical recognition on the Korean side and the Korean side often insists that such a description is fabricated or distorts the facts by the Japan side.
- 律令法の継受法としての性質を強調するあまり、それが日本法制史上に果たした役割を過小に評価するのは、事実と合致しない。
- It would be unfaithful to the factual evidence to underestimate the role of ritsuryo law in the history of the Japanese legal system by placing too much emphasis on the philosophy behind ritsuryo law as an adopted law.
- 事実、景行天皇・履中天皇・反正天皇の各天皇の名にも「ワケ」が含まれており、実名を基にした和風諡号である可能性が高い。
- As a matter of fact, the posthumous names for Emperors Keiko, Richu, and Hanzei include 'wake' and there is a high possibility that these are Japanese-style posthumous names based on real names.
- そうした背景には、普通酒を造るレベルの設備を持った日本酒醸造所なら、いまや日本国外にも多く存在するという事実がある。
- Behind this was the fact that there are many sake breweries abroad which have enough facilities to brew regular sake today.
- 高野山金剛峯寺に大伝法院を建立し座主に就任したのを皮切りに、金剛峯寺座主にも兼ねて就任し事実上同山の主導権を 制覇。
- First he erected Daidenpo-in Temple in Koyasan Kongobuji Temple and became the head priest, and then he also assumed the head priest of Kongobuji Temple and in effect gained the initiative of the Mountain.
- これにより、天智・天武以来の直系皇位継承は放棄され、大兄制が(一時的とは言え)事実上復活したと見ることも可能である。
- Due to this, direct Imperial succession since Emperor Tenji and Emperor Tenmu, was not allowed, in fact Imperial succession between the eldest brothers was restored (even though it was only temporary).
- 鎌倉時代の再審制度には訴訟機関の不法を理由とした庭中と判決内容の事実誤認・過誤などを理由に起こす越訴の2つがあった。
- There were two kinds of retrial systems in the Kamakura period: teichu, which was an appeal made based on a belief that the legal institution in question was unlawful; and osso, an appeal made based on a belief that the judgment contained a factual error.
- 藩が運営する事実上の商業組織であり、「産物会所」・「国産会所」と呼ばれ、あるいは産物名より「○○会所」とも呼ばれた。
- It was practically a domain-run commercial organization and called 'sanbutsu-kaisho' (local products kaisho) or 'kokusan-kaisho' (provincial products kaisho), and occasionally it was also called 'so-and-so kaisho' using a specific name of the product traded there.
- 事実『村上御集』等に残る天皇と妃たちの相聞歌の中でも、入内前の求愛の歌を始め徽子女王と交わした詠歌は群を抜いて多い。
- In reality, among the poems romantically exchanged between the Emperor and his ladies that are recorded in 'Emperor Murakami's Imperial Poetry Anthology' and other collections, the poems sent to and by Queen Kishi, especially the courting poems before she entered the court, stand out from the rest, and are quite numerous.
- 1609年薩摩藩の島津氏による侵攻を受け奄美諸島を薩摩藩の領土として割譲されたうえ琉球は事実上薩摩藩の属国となった。
- After an invasion by the Shimazu clan of Satsuma Domain in 1609, the islands came under the rule of the Satsuma Domain with a secession of some territories.
- 事実、秀吉の没後に五大老の中でも特にその勢力が抜きん出ていた徳川家康は、豊臣氏に無断で諸大名と婚姻関係を結んでいる。
- In fact, Ieyasu Tokugawa, who became outstandingly influential after Hideyoshi's death, made marital relationships with several lords without the Toyotomi clan's permission.
- 一方で、転封によって武士の在地領主的側面が切り離され、地方知行制から俸禄制への移行を促進する役割も担った事実がある。
- On the other hand, it is a fact that Tenpo took away the aspect of zaichi ryoshu (resident landlords) from samurai, playing a role in promoting the transition from the Jigatachigyo system (provision of lands from a feudal government or domains to retainers as salary) to the horoku system (salary).
- 破産手続開始後に、その事実を知らないで破産者にした弁済は、破産手続の関係においても、その効力を主張することができる。
- Payment made to the bankrupt after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings without knowledge of the commencement may also be asserted as effective in relation to the bankruptcy proceedings.
- 裁判所は、準備的口頭弁論を終了するに当たり、その後の証拠調べにより証明すべき事実を当事者との間で確認するものとする。
- The court, upon closing preliminary oral arguments, shall confirm, with the parties, the facts to be proven through the subsequent examination of evidence.
- しかし『愚管抄』にはその話は見えず、大将に任じられるのは院近臣の身分では常識的に無理なことから事実かどうかは疑わしい。
- But no trace of this version of events can be found in the 'Gukansho' and indeed, given the fact that close retainers of the retired emperor did not normally have the authority to appoint Commanders, it is doubtful whether this episode really occurred.
- 良房の死後、養子の藤原基経はすぐに摂政へ就任し、884年に急遽年配の光孝天皇が即位した際には、事実上の関白に就任した。
- Soon after Yoshifusa's death, his adopted son FUJIWARA no Mototsune was installed as regent, and when the aged Emperor Koko hastily ascended the throne in 884, he was installed as chancellor in all but name.
- このように、戦前・戦後を通じて、歴史学の観点から万世一系が歴史的な事実であるかについて、疑問がなされてきた経緯がある。
- As described above, during both the prewar and the postwar periods, scholars often doubted the validity of the unbroken Imperial line from the historical point of view.
- 永禄9年(1566年)、朝廷の許可を得て、家康個人が「徳川」に「復姓」(事実上の改姓)し、従五位下三河国に叙任された。
- In 1566, Ieyasu obtained the consent of the imperial court to use 'Tokugawa' as his hereditary surname (in actual fact a change of name) and was invested with the imperial court rank of Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade) of Mikawa Province.
- 保元の乱で摂関家が事実上壊滅し、平治の乱で源義朝などの有力武士が淘汰されると、平氏の勢力は他より突出することになった。
- The line of regents was in actuality ended during the Hogen Rebellion, and major bushi such as MINAMOTO no Yoshiaki were selected during the Heiji Rebellion, giving the Taira clan have more power than others.
- これらの例は、演歌がすでに日本だけのものではなく、また、グローバルな広がりを持った歌であるという傍証となる事実だろう。
- These examples imply that the enka music is not just for Japanese people any longer and is spreading worldwide.
- しかし、度重なる西欧列強との戦争によって、次々と朝貢国を喪失していき華夷秩序を維持することは事実上困難となっていった。
- However, it became impossible because the Qing dynasty continuously lost its chokokoku after several wars between Western countries.
- ことから、この禁令は事実上、永楽通宝の永勘定(金1両=永1貫文)としての優位的使用を禁止したものであったとの説もある。
- Therefore, some theories say that this act was practically to prohibit the preferential use of the Eiraku Tsuho, which had been exchanged at the rate of one ryo of Gold to one kanmon of Ei.
- 説話自体が事実を伝えるものではないとしても、その主題から外れた背景、設定からは、当時の世相をうかがい知ることができる。
- Even though the anecdotes may not have been based on the truth, one can surmise the social conditions of the time from the background and setting associated with the subject.
- 文永の役における蒙古軍の撤退に関して、日本側の史料には一夜明けると蒙古船が消失していた事実が記されているのみとされる。
- Concerning the withdrawal of the Mongol army, Japanese historical materials only state the fact that the Mongol fleet disappeared the next morning.
- 秀吉方は信長落命によって秀吉が後ろ盾を失った状態であることを毛利方に知られないように徹底的に信長落命の事実を隠匿した。
- Hideyoshi held a thorough cover-up of the fact that Nobunaga had died, trying not to let the Mori clan know that Hedeyoshi had no backing after Nobunaga's death.
- これまでの3度の伊藤内閣と異なり、伊藤系官僚と旧憲政党によって結成された立憲政友会を与党とする事実上の政党内閣である。
- Different from the previous 3 Ito Cabinets, this cabinet was virtually a party cabinet with Rikken Seiyu Party formed by government officials from ITO group and former Constitutional Party as the ruling party.
- しかし、政府発表情報があまりに事実と反していた事から春秋会はさらに抗議を続け、報道禁止令を撤廃させる事に成功している。
- However, the information announced by the government was quite far from the truth, therefore, Tokyo Shunju Kai continued to lodge a protest and finally succeeded in abolishment of the injunction.
- もちろん事実と異なる創作ではあるものの、浄土真宗の教義では加持祈祷を否定しており、作中の描写はそれに反するものである。
- Surely it is a fiction and different from the facts and in the creed of Jodo Shinshu, incantation and prayer are denied, the descriptions in the novel are contrary to this.
- 「天皇の活動の在り方は、時代とともに急激に変わるものではありませんが、時代とともに変わっていく部分もあることは事実です」
- Although activities of the Emperor should not change dramatically with the times in principle, it is undeniable that some of them may undergo a change with the times.'
- 現在の歴史学界では、継体が応神の5世孫かどうかは不明とするが、中央豪族の支持を得て即位したのは事実とする説が有力である。
- Widely-accepted theory in the present Japanese historical community is that Keitai was enthroned with the approval of central ruling families, while the question of his origin as the fifth generation descendant of Emperor Ojin remains unsolved.
- 鎮護国家において仏教が保護されて官寺が建立されてその監督体制が整備されて国家と皇室の安泰が祈願されていたのは事実である。
- It is true that Buddhism was protected and that the kanji had been erected and systematically maintained by Chingokokka to pray for peace and security of the country and Imperial Family.
- 近年では喜多流の職分家集団が一斉に喜多流宗家の主宰する「喜多会」を離脱し、喜多流職分会として事実上喜多流を運営している。
- In recent years, Shokubunke Shudan of the Kita school withdrew from 'Kita gathering,' which Kitaryu Soke (the head family or house of Kita school) presides, at the same time, and have been actually operating the Kita school as Kitaryu shokubunkai (gathering of Kita school's occupational branch families).
- なお、史実の里見家最後の当主であった館山藩里見忠義は、江戸幕府によって伯耆国に事実上配流され(倉吉藩)、その地で没した。
- According to the annals, however, the last head of the Satomi family Tadayoshi SATOMI of Tateyama domain was in effect exiled to Hoki Province (Kurayoshi domain) by the Edo bakufu and died there.
- また、実は小山田信茂が笹子峠から勝頼を攻撃したという事実はないという説もある(笹子峠から攻撃したのは織田軍であるとも)。
- Some people believe that it was not Nobushige OYAMADA's army but the Oda army that attacked Katsuyori at Sasago-toge Pass.
- 前項の規定にかかわらず、同項に規定する権利の得喪は、その原因となる事実が完成した当時におけるその目的物の所在地法による。
- Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, acquisition or loss of a right prescribed in said paragraph shall be governed by the law of the place where the subject property of the right is situated at the time when the facts constituting the cause of the acquisition or loss were completed.
- 債権者が破産手続開始の申立てをするときは、その有する債権の存在及び破産手続開始の原因となる事実を疎明しなければならない。
- A creditor, when filing a petition for commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, shall make a prima facie showing of the existence of the claim held thereby and the fact constituting the grounds for the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings.
- 官庁、主務官庁の権限に属する事務を処理する都道府県の執行機関又は総会に対し、不実の申立てをし、又は事実を隠ぺいしたとき。
- has made any misrepresentation to, or has concealed any fact from, any government agency, any prefectural executive agency which administers the execution of the authorities of the competent government agency, or the general meeting;
- 予告通知に係る訴えが提起された場合に立証されるべき事実及びこれと申立てに係る処分により得られる証拠となるべきものとの関係
- The facts that are to be proved in cases where the action pertaining to the advance notice is filed and the relationship between such facts and the materials that are to serve as evidence which are obtained through the disposition pertaining to the petition
- 許認可等の効力を失わせる処分であって、当該許認可等の基礎となった事実が消滅した旨の届出があったことを理由としてされるもの
- Dispositions which nullify the effect of any permission, etc. and which are rendered because there has been a Notification as hereinafter defined that the facts on which the applicable permission, etc. had been based have ceased to exist.
- 第十六条第一項の規定に違反して著しく事実に相違する表示若しくは説明をし、又は人を誤認させるような表示若しくは説明をした者
- A person who has given an indication or explanation that is significantly contradictory to facts or likely to mislead people, in violation of Article 16, paragraph (1);
- 例えば、竹下登が政権退陣した後の宇野宗佑政権・海部俊樹政権が「竹下院政」と称されたことがある(事実がそうであるかは不明)。
- For example, the Sosuke UNO government and Toshiki KAIFU government, which were established after the resignation of Noboru TAKESHITA, were once referred to as 'Takeshita insei' (although it is not clear whether this is a fact).
- このため、異常な天文現象に対しては、天文学と占星術に通じた者が君主に対してその事実と占いの結果を報告することが求められた。
- For that reason, it was imperative that an unusual astronomical phenomenon should be reported to the monarch by those well versed in astronomy and astrology together with observations and astrological divination.
- すると、現地赴任する国司の筆頭者に、様々な責任やそれに伴う権限が集中するようになり、事実上の国衙行政の最高責任者となった。
- As a result, the kokushi, who was actually dispatched to the appointed province, started to assume various responsibilities as well as powers, which made him virtually the highest ranked officer in the kokuga administration.
- この事件が事実がどうかはともかく、平氏一門の専横と源氏への日頃の軽侮に対する長年の不満が爆発は、理由として挙げられている。
- Regardless of whether this particular incident in fact occurred, the despotism of the Taira clan coupled with long years of simmering resentment among the Minamoto clan for the contempt they were forced to endure eventually led to an eruption of anger, which became the motive to raise troops in revolt.
- つまり、大臣副署がなければその法律は無効であり、さらに天皇が裁可を拒むことは形式上可能であっても、事実上は不可能であった。
- In other words, unless countersigned by the Minister of State, the law was invalid and, further, while it was formally possible for the emperor to refuse to give sanction, it was practically impossible for him to do so.
- またエルトゥールル号事件がトルコの学校で広く教えられているという事実も無く、教科書も見つかっていません。」と回答している。
- Also, there is no evidence that Turkish schools generally teach the Ertuğrul incident, and neither have such textbooks been found.'
- また、印の大きさを1寸5分を限度とすべきことを示して、平安時代中葉頃から広まったとみられる私印の使用を事実上追認している。
- Also, it allowed the use of private seals, which is believed to have spread widely from the middle of the Heian period by officially stipulating the rule to limit the size of seals to 1.5 square sun.
- 佐渡県:1868年(慶応4年)旧暦9月2日設置 →1868年(明治元年)旧暦11月5日:新潟府が当分管轄(事実上の編入)。
- Sado Prefecture: established on September 2 (old lunar calendar) in 1868 -> put under management of Niigata-fu on November 5 (old lunar calendar) in 1868 (de facto incorporation)
- 為義と義朝の関係が険悪であったことは『愚管抄』にみえており、これが事実だとすると物語における親子関係も虚構による面が多い。
- 'Gukansho' tells of the tense relationship between Tameyoshi and Yoshitomo, but if it is true then the relationship between parent and children depicted in the tale would be mostly pure fiction.
- しかし、食品について効果効能の表現は薬事法で規制されており、事実上の国の機関がそれを堂々と言うのはどうかという指摘もある。
- However, the demonstration of the effects and efficacy of foods are regulated by the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act and some point out that it is not appropriatefor the de facto national institutions to state the effects and efficacy of such products.
- だが、足利義満の時代に室町幕府が京都市中の支配権を完全に掌握すると、検非違使は事実上廃止されて地奉行に権限が一本化された。
- But once the Muromachi bakufu took total control of the city of Kyoto in Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA's day, the post of kebiishi was virtually abolished and the authority was granted to jibugyo exclusively.
- 第百九十七条第一項第二号に規定する事実又は同項第三号に規定する事項で、黙秘の義務が免除されていないものが記載されている文書
- A document stating the fact prescribed in Article 197(1)(ii) or the matter prescribed in Article 197(1)(iii), neither or which are released from the duty of secrecy
- これが秀吉の怒りを買って文禄3年(1594年)に薩摩国に左遷(事実上の流罪)となり、後任の左大臣に内大臣の秀次が任じられた。
- Offended by this remark, Hideyoshi demoted and transferred Nobusuke to Satsuma Province (he virtually banished him), and appointed Naidaijin Hidetsugu to Sadaijin as his replacement.
- こういう中にも「辛口の濁り酒」が多く存在する事実が、比重や日本酒度と「甘い/辛い」にはさほどの関係がないことを示す例である。
- The fact that there are many 'dry nigorizake' among such sake with low nihonshudo is an example which shows that the specific gravity or nihonshudo does not have a close connection with 'sweetness' and 'dryness.'
- 特定の宗教・宗派に個人的に関わる人も多いが、日本人は全体として宗教意識が希薄であり、事実上の無宗教に近い人々が多数派である。
- Although many people are personally involved in a specific religion or religious school, Japanese people do not have a strong sense of religion as a whole, and the majority are substantially close to having none.
- いずれにしても南紀派の勝利に終わった事実は間違いなく、7月に家定が没すると、慶福は名を「家茂」と改名して新しい将軍となった。
- The Nanki group won in the end and when Iesada died in July, Yoshitomi changed his name to 'Iemochi' and became a new shogun.
- 氏による反証では、強制執行は行われておらず、洞村の人々が陵墓への畏怖心などから自主的に移転を決めたとの事実が明らかにされた。
- According his rebuttal, the people in Hora Village was not enforced to move but voluntarily decided to relocate in awe of the imperial mausoleum and so on.
- これに対して同書は板垣監修の書であり、仮に板垣自身が関与したとしてもその事実を記載をするとは考えにくいとする史料批判がある。
- Others, however, have criticized ITAGAKI's account on the basis that he himself edited the book and so is an unreliable source.
- また、7世紀後半に新羅が朝鮮半島を統一すると、対象国が事実上同国のみとなってしまったために新羅を指して蕃国と呼ぶ例も現れる。
- In the last half of the 7th century, when Shiragi (Silla) unified the Korean Peninsula, countries in the Korean Peninsula used to be referred to as 'Shoban' became in fact the one country, so that the term Shoban was sometimes used in the sense of Shiragi.
- その後米国の例にならって高圧的に接触してきた西欧諸国ともなし崩し的に同様の条約を締結、事実上「開国日本の開国」してしまった。
- Thereafter, the shogunate government was forced to conclude similar treaties with other western countries following in the high-handed manner of the United States, and 'the opening Japan to the West' was carried out without intention.
- しかし、10世紀に入ると権門が太政官符・民部省符によって不輸の権 (日本)を獲得して,所有する荘園を事実上の不輸租田とした。
- In the tenth century, however, these influential families obtained fuyu no ken (the right of tax exemption) by Daijokanpu (official documents issued by Daijokan, Grand Council of State)/Minbushofu (official documents issued by Minbusho, Ministry of Popular Affaires) and converted their shoen into fuyusoden in effect.
- そして前田利家や金森長近ら旧織田家臣を自分の配下として組み込んだ秀吉は、信長の事実上の後継者としての地位を確立するに至った。
- After having old vassals of the Oda clan, including Toshiie MAEDA and Nagachika KANAMORI work under him, Hideyoshi made himself the actual successor to Nobunaga.
- 1894年 前年にハワイ王朝が事実上廃止となり、この年からハワイ共和国が樹立された影響で、官約移民そのものが無効となり廃止。
- In 1894, the Republic of Hawaii was established following the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii in the previous year, so government sponsored immigration became invalid and was abolished.
- 次の各号に掲げる者が相続財産について破産手続開始の申立てをするときは、それぞれ当該各号に定める事実を疎明しなければならない。
- A person set forth in each of the following items, when filing a petition for commencement of bankruptcy proceedings against the inherited property, shall make a prima facie showing of the fact specified in the respective items:
- 次の各号に掲げる者が信託財産について破産手続開始の申立てをするときは、それぞれ当該各号に定める事実を疎明しなければならない。
- A person set forth in each of the following items, when filing a petition for commencement of bankruptcy proceedings against the trust property, shall make a prima facie showing of the fact specified in the respective items:
- 京都市が事実上京都府の政治経済の中心であり、中部と南部の中間点にあり、人口の55%をしめるので、4もしくは5をさす場合が多い。
- Because Kyoto City, the virtual center of the politic and economic, is located in the middle of the central and the southern part of the Prefecture and occupies 55 percent of the population, the Definition 4 or 5 is often used.
- 高麗の荘園には不輸不入は認められていなかったが、所有者が権勢者であった場合にはその政治的圧力で事実上の不輸不入の状態となった。
- The manors in Goryeo did not approve the right of tax exemption and the right to keep the tax agents from entering the property, but if the owners were powerful men, as a matter of practice, the rights were in effect by political pressure.
- これらは、南北朝合一の約束であった両統迭立を死文化し、持明院統による皇位継承を既成事実化するための将軍足利義満の意向であった。
- This was planned by Shogun, Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA who tried to cancel the mutual agreement of Ryoto tetsuritsu between the Southern and the Northern Courts, and to make the Imperial succession of the Jimyoin Imperial line become an existing fact.
- しかし、『兵範記』にはわざわざ為義の首実検が行われたことまで記録されており、これらのことは史料の年代からしても事実と思われる。
- However, 'Heihan-ki' contains a description of the inspection of Tameyoshi's severed head, which would be true given the year in which the work was completed.
- この党は「国法ノ範囲内ニ於テ社会主義ヲ主張ス」という合法主義を掲げ、翌1907年創刊の『日刊平民新聞』を事実上の機関紙とした。
- The new party focused on legality with its slogan 'We advocate socialism within the limit of the Law'; the 'Nikkan Heimin Shinbun' (Commoners' Daily News), which was first launched in the next year, 1907, was practically its official publication.
- もっとも、片山が指摘したように、警察が事前に社会民主党の結成を探知し、内務省が事前に禁止の方針を決めていたことは事実であった。
- However, as Katayama pointed out, it was true that when they submitted the document of the Shakai minshuto's formation, the police had already learned about it, and thus the Ministry of Home Affairs had adopted a policy to ban the political party in advance.
- 九州の大名の中には大村純忠のように領民を強制的にキリスト教に改宗させようとしたり、寺社仏閣を破壊した事があったのは事実である。
- It is a absolute fact that Sumitada OMURA, a domain lord in Kyushu, forced the domain people convert to the Christianity and destroyed temples and shrines.
- また、診療・治療のガイドラインの周知徹底を図ると言ってはいるが、相変わらず不適切な治療が多く行われている事実は放置されている。
- It is claimed that attempts are being made to publicize care and treatment guidelines as much as possible but the fact remains that many inappropriate treatments continue to be carried out.
- 日本を含めた諸外国の研究者の間では、一進会が大日本帝国の侵略の意図を見抜けず韓国を亡国へと導く役割を果たしたことは事実である。
- Many of the world researchers including Japan agreed that it was true that Isshinkai couldn't see through the intention of invasion Empire of Japan had aimed at and happened to play a role for leading Korea to the ruin.
- また、地券台帳自体も、に創設された土地台帳制度に引き継がれ、に事実上廃止されて、以後地租の収税はこの土地台帳によって行われた。
- In addition, the registry of certificate of land title itself was succeeded by cadaster system which was found in 1884; and in 1889 the registry system of certificate of the land title was virtually abolished; afterwards, collection of land-tax was carried out by this cadaster system.
- 子は、準正の要件である事実が完成した当時における父若しくは母又は子の本国法により準正が成立するときは、嫡出子の身分を取得する。
- A child shall acquire the status of a child born in wedlock if the child is legitimated under the national law of the father or the mother or of the child at the time when the facts constituting the requirements for legitimation are completed.
- 第六十三条(期日外釈明の方法)及び第八十六条(証明すべき事実の調書記載等)第二項の規定は、書面による準備手続について準用する。
- The provisions of Article 63 (Method of Giving Explanation Outside Date for Oral Argument) and paragraph (2) of Article 86 (Statement of Facts to be Proven in Record, etc.) shall apply mutatis mutandis to preparatory proceedings by means of documents.
- むしろ、撰銭がおこなわれ、かつ一定の制限のもとであるにせよ公認された事実は、中国貨幣経済の信用度に大きな打撃を与えたことになる。
- The fact that erizeni acts were carried out and were officially permitted, even though some restrictions were imposed, impacted the credibility of the money economy in China greatly.
- 公務の執行を妨害する罪及び傷害罪に問われた被告人が捜査の違法性を争ったが、適法とされ、公訴事実それ自体についても、有罪とされた。
- The case was brought for obstruction of performance of official duties and bodily injury and the defendant claimed the illegality of the investigation which was judged as lawful after all and was convicted of the facts constituting the offense charged.
- 代わりに派遣された足利政知(義教の子)も上杉氏との確執から伊豆の堀越御所(堀越公方)に根拠を定めたために鎌倉府は事実上消滅した。
- As Masatomo ASHIKAGA (Yoshinori's son), who was appointed in place of Shigeuji, was based at Horikoshi palace (Horikoshi kubo) in Izu Province due to a feud with the Uesugi clan, the Kamakurafu ceased to exist in effect.
- しかし、に生じた天皇機関説事件で、美濃部の一部著書が出版法の発売禁止処分を受け、政府が国体明徴声明で学説の事実上の公定を行った。
- However, due to the incident of the Emperor Organ Theory, some of Minobe's books were banned under the publishing law, and the government effectively made an official evaluation of the theory in the government announcement.
- 政権が望まない事実を削除したことは後続の『続日本紀』に例があり、まったくの嘘を創作することと比べれば抵抗が少なかったと思われる。
- It is known that the government erased undesirable facts from 'Shoku Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued), and they seemed to consider that it was better than making up lies.
- 代理権の消滅は、善意の第三者に対抗することができない。ただし、第三者が過失によってその事実を知らなかったときは、この限りでない。
- Termination of the authority of agency may not be asserted vis-a-vis a third party without knowledge; provided, however, that, this shall not apply to the cases where such third party was negligent in not knowing such fact.
- 日本では飛鳥時代に中大兄皇子と持統天皇の二例が見られるが、どちらも日本書紀では一見してほとんど事実上の天皇と同然に記述されている。
- There were two examples of Shosei in Japan, Prince Naka no Oe and Emperor Jito in Asuka period, both are recorded in the 'Chronicles of Japan' as if they were practically real Emperors.
- 事実、吉田家の19世、吉田追風が寛政年間に徳川幕府に提出した故実書に「五条家は家業牢人の輩の道中絵符人馬宿駅の帳面免許す」とある。
- The 19th head of the Yoshida family named Oikaze YOSHIDA submitted a report on records of the past to the Tokugawa shogunate in the Kansei era, and it says the family business of the Gojo family was to issue passes and luggage tags for travelers.
- 水運記録によれば、東北から九州まで幅広く魚の干物や鮮魚の流通があったことは事実であり、主に海浜から内陸部に運ばれていたようである。
- According to water transport records, it was true that lots of fresh fishes as well as dried fishes were distributed widely in the areas from Tohoku to Kyushu, and they were mostly transported from coastal areas to inner parts of the nation.
- 成親が召還され、事件処理に当たった時忠・信範が「奏事不実(奏上に事実でない点があった)」(『百錬抄』)の罪により解官・配流される。
- Narichika was recalled and, TAIRA no Tokitada and TAIRA no Nobunori, who were in charge of the case, were dismissed and exiled for 'reporting untrue to the Emperor' ('Hyakuren sho - History book from the Kamakura period).
- 1568年(永禄11年)に家康に攻略されるまでは飯尾氏が守っており、乗っ取られたという事実は無く、それを証明する資料も存在しない。
- Hamamatsu-jo Castle was held by the INOO Clan, until it was captured by Ieyasu in 1568 and there was no material to prove that it was taken over.
- しかしながら、特に江戸時代中期以降になると明確に文人意識を持ち、文人文化を実現した人々が多数存在したこともまぎれもない事実である。
- However, it is true that especially after the mid-Edo period there were many clearly self-aware Bunjin in Japan and they created Bunjin culture.
- 彼ら皇族・臣下は『日本書紀』の想定読者でもあるので、よく知られた事実を否定するような操作は難しかったのではないかという指摘もある。
- Since the imperial family and vassals were expected to read 'Chronicles of Japan,' some pointed out that it seemed difficult for the compilers to deny well-known facts.
- しかしかながら歴史研究の結果、近年では裏付けの取れる部分も多く、「事実でないにしても、それに近いことがあった」と再評価されている。
- On the other hand, the results of recent historical studies have actually provided corroboration for many portions of the chronicle, leading some to say 'Even if it doesn't describe reality as such, something like what is described did occur,' and judge the chronicle more favorably.
- これを直ちに事実とすることには問題があるものの、陶部の工人(陶人)が新羅や百済の出身を多く抱えていたことの反映とみる考え方がある。
- This could not be soon regarded as a fact, but may be considered as a reflection of the fact that many of the Suebe craftsmen came from Silla and Baekje.
- 「事実上の政権 Authorities De Facto」とは、占領を完了し、相当に安定し、ほとんど国家の体裁を具えたものを指す。
- Authorities De Facto' means the one which has completed occupation, settled down sufficiently and nearly formed a country.
- 吾妻鏡の記事中では、鎌倉入りの前に事前調査させた泰時によって「謀反の噂は事実ではなく、騒ぎ立てるな」と伊賀氏謀反は否定されている。
- In 'Azuma Kagami,' it is stated that Yasutoki HOJO had investigated on the matter before entering the capital of Kamakura, and denied the rebellion of the Iga clan as 'an untrue rumor which should not be made a fuss about.'
- 事実、神戸市米会所における相場では7月2日に1升34銭3厘だった相場が8月1日には40銭5厘、8月9日は60銭8厘と急騰している。
- In fact, in the market price at Kobe City rice exchange, the price which had been 34 sen 3 rin (one-hundredth) per 1 sho on July 2 soared to 40 sen 5 rin on August 1 and to 60 sen 8 rin on August 9.
- 控訴審の判決書又は判決書に代わる調書における事実及び理由の記載は、第一審の判決書又は判決書に代わる調書を引用してすることができる。
- Statement of facts and reasons in the judgment document or record in lieu of the judgment document of the second instance may be made by citing statements in the judgment document or the record in lieu of the judgment document of the first instance.
- 1990年代前期、歌舞会は雑誌、テレビなどで舞妓募集を呼びかけ、事実7名の舞妓が生まれたが、伝統を重んじる一部の反対により頓挫した。
- In the early 1990's, the kabukai used magazines and TV to recruit apprentice geisha, and in fact recruited seven apprentice geisha, but was met with opposition from some traditionalists, derailing the recruitment.
- 文久2年4月23日_(旧暦)(1862年5月29日)に薩摩藩尊皇派が薩摩藩藩主の父で事実上の指導者・島津久光によって粛清された事件。
- In this incident the royalist faction in the Satsuma domain was purged by Hisamitsu SHIMAZU, the father of the lord in the Satsuma domain, and the de facto ruler, on May 29, 1862.
- なお、花山天皇の子孫の源氏である花山源氏(かざんげんじ)に該当するのは、この白川伯王家のみであるため、両者は事実上同一のものである。
- Incidentally, it was only this Shirakawa-hakuo family that fell under Kazan Genji (the Minamoto clan of Emperor Kazan's descendants), so the Shirakawa-hakuo family and Kazan Genji were practically the same.
- その意味で信憑性の程度や事実の如何はともかくとしても、歴史学的に客観的な検証能力を有するものは著しく少ないのが実情であるといえよう。
- In this sense, setting aside the question of the degree of credibility or the existence of facts, there are few legends that can be verified objectively from the historical viewpoint.
- その一方で、地方のコンビニエンスストアやスーパーマーケットの食品売り場には、少なからずその地域特有の食品が並んでいるのも事実である。
- Meanwhile, the food section of convenience stores and supermarkets often have a few dishes peculiar to their local communities.
- しかしたとえ廉価で醸造適性の低い一般米からでも、杜氏の技量によっていくらでも優れた完成酒が製成されているという事実は特記されてよい。
- However, it should be noted that excellent kanseishu are produced from low-priced general-purpose rice with low brewing aptitude, thanks to the excellent capabilities of the chief sake brewers.
- それらのどの興行にも説明者が付いていた事実から、日本が活動弁士という特異な興行・芸能形態を確立する必然性を見て取ることが可能である。
- Every one of these movies was accompanied by a narrator, so we can regard it as logical that the Japanese movie industry had established the peculiar performance style of having a katsudo benshi.
- これによれば、天武天皇が事実上の初代天皇だったこととなる(ただし、天皇号をより早く推古期に求める説や、遅く大宝以降とする説もある)。
- According to this theory, the Emperor Tenmu was virtually the first emperor in Japan. (however, some say the title 'Tenno' (emperor) was first used much earlier, in the era of the Empress Suiko and some say much later, after 701 AD.)
- このうち、庶政を取り仕切る会計総裁大久保一翁と、軍事を司る陸軍総裁勝海舟の2人が、瓦解しつつある徳川家の事実上の最高指揮官となった。
- Among the newly assigned officials, Ichio OKUBO, the Kaikei Sosai who would manage all phases of government affairs, Kaishu KATSU, the Rikugun Sosai who would control military affairs, these two officials, bacame the actual highest commanders in what remained of the collapsing Tokugawa family.
- 信長の死が諸国へ伝わると、事実上空白地帯となったこの旧武田領を巡って、徳川氏・北条・上杉、および独立を狙った真田が対立を深めていく。
- As the news of Nobunaga's death spread from province to province, serious conflicts arose between different clans, including the Tokugawa, Hojo and Uesugi clans and the Sanada clan, which was striving to gain independence, over the former territory of the Takeda clan, which was left without a ruler.
- とはいえ降参というのはあくまで名目上のことに過ぎず、雑賀衆の形式的な降伏と引き換えに織田勢が撤退したというのが事実に近いと思われる。
- However, it seems that they surrendered only nominally and that in fact, the Oda army withdrew in exchange for the nominal surrender of Saiga shu.
- このため、軍部大臣現役武官制の採用によって組閣に軍部の合意が事実上必要となり、軍部によるその意向にそわない組閣の阻止が可能となった。
- Therefore, by employing Gunbu Daijin Geneki Bukan sei, it was, in fact, necessary for the formation of a Cabinet to obtain the consent of the military and through the employment of this regulation the military was able to prevent the formation of any Cabinet.
- 生類憐みの令が出された理由については、他に長寿祈祷のためという説もあるが、これも隆光僧正の勧めとされているため、事実とは考えにくい。
- There is another theory that it was issued for the prayer of longevity, but this theory also states the law was issued on Ryuko's recommendation therefore is hard to believe.
- 前項に規定する者が準正の要件である事実の完成前に死亡したときは、その死亡の当時におけるその者の本国法を同項のその者の本国法とみなす。
- If a person referred to in the preceding paragraph has died before the facts constituting the requirements for legitimation are completed, the person's national law at the time of his/her death shall be deemed to be the person's national law set forth in said paragraph.
- 申込者の意思表示又は取引上の慣習により承諾の通知を必要としない場合には、契約は、承諾の意思表示と認めるべき事実があった時に成立する。
- In cases where no notice of acceptance is required due to the offeror's manifestation of intention or usage of trade, the contract shall be formed upon the occurrence of any fact which ought to be regarded as a manifestation of intention of acceptance.
- 白河以後、院政を布いた上皇は治天の君、すなわち事実上の国王として君臨し、天皇は「まるで東宮(皇太子)のようだ」と言われるようになった。
- From Shirakawa onward, the jokos who conducted Insei reigned as if they were chiten-no-kimi, being virtual emperors, while the actual emperors were described as being 'as if they were the crown princes.'
- 戦国大名が登場すると、守護大名の存在を前提とした守護領国制も変質し、守護領国制は事実上解体されて、大名領国制と呼ばれる体制へ移行した。
- With the appearance of the Sengoku daimyo, the shugo-ryogoku system, for which the existence of shugo-daimyo was prerequisite, was changed and dissolved in fact, replaced with the system called 'daimyo-ryogoku sei' (daimyo-ryogoku system).
- もっとも、妻敵討が行われると、本夫が寝取られたという事実を外部に明らかにする事となり、却って武士の面目が失われるという考え方もあった。
- However, when megataki uchi (revenge oneself on the adulterer) was practiced, the fact that his wife had been unfaithful was exposed to the outside world, and some people thought that it only made a samurai lose face.
- 火入れをすると酒の繊細さが失われるのは事実であり、保存管理さえ徹底されていれば火入れした酒にはない味わいがあることを忘れてはならない。
- It is true that sake loses delicacy from the hiire process and we should not forget that sake that has not undergone hiire, as long as it is properly stored, has a flavor that sake that has undergone hiire cannot have.
- 鶏卵にはコレステロールが多いと言われ敬遠気味にされる事が多く、過去に於いて高脂血症などの症状の患者の食事としては敬遠された事実がある。
- Hen's eggs are often avoided due to its high cholesterol, and were actually avoided in the past for use in a meal for patients of hyperlipidemia and the like.
- 現存する「行基図」には“行基菩薩”作と記されているものが多いが、六国史や仏教史書には行基の記事には地図作成の事実には触れられていない。
- 'Made by Gyoki Bosatsu' is written in many of the existing versions of 'Goki-zu', but the articles about Gyoki in Rikkokushi (Japan's six national histories chronicling the seventh and eighth centuries) and books on the history of Buddhism do not mention the fact of the creation of the map.
- 朝廷は信長の希望を受け入れて勅使を送ったものの、本願寺は毛利氏の賛同が無いと応じられないとしてこれを事実上拒否したため交渉は決裂した。
- The Imperial Court accepted Nobunaga's request and sent an imperial envoy but Hongan-ji Temple virtually refused it, saying that it could not agree without Mori's approval, which led to the collapse of the negotiation.
- これが二条天皇の死後のものであることを考えれば、仮に「旅宿問答」の記述が事実であっても、『保元物語』のことを指しているとは思われない。
- Considering that the article appeared after the death of Emperor Nijo, the account in 'Ryoshuku mondo' can't indicate 'Hogen Monogatari,' even if what was written there is true.
- だが上洛も家康面会の資料も存在せず、事実は家中の統制を強めていた輝元により、要地でもある三刀屋を我が物とするべく追放されたと思われる。
- Since no documents proving that Hisasuke visited Kyoto or met Ieyasu exists, Hisasuke was supposed to be expelled by Terumoto, who had strengthened control over his retainers and had ambitions to own Mitoya which was a strategic point.
- 湯起請の方法は、まずあらかじめ審理を受ける者二人が、それぞれ自分の主張が事実であると、当事者の前で誓う(起請文を作成する場合もある)。
- In the yugisho method, each of the two claimants to be tried first swore that their claim was the truth in front of the parties concerned (in some cases, they would write a kishomon [sworn oath]).
- しかも、他会派からは1名ずつであったにも関わらず清浦の古巣である研究会からは3名の大臣が入閣した事から事実上の「研究会内閣」であった。
- From the fact that Kenkyukai sent three members into the cabinet while the other groups sent one each, it was virtually 'the Kenkyukai Cabinet.'
- 文書の様式は、まず文書先頭に自分の名前を書き、以下に軍忠の具体的事実を書くことを宣言する(「誰々申軍忠事」という文言になることが多い)。
- Such documents were written according to the following format; the vassal's name came first and then details regarding the facts of the vassal's superior military valor were stated (often with the words: 'I report our superior military valor.')
- これによって、御前沙汰は最終決裁者である将軍とその直臣官僚とも言える御前沙汰衆を中心とする室町幕府における事実上の最高評議機関となった。
- Here, gozen-sata had become the virtual highest consulting body in the Muromachi bakufu centered around the shogun as the final decision-maker and gozen-sata shu as the officials under the shogun's direct command.
- しかしながら、明治維新を迎えて、日本酒が政府のお墨付きと後押しを受けて表舞台を通じてヨーロッパに入っていったことは事実であるといえよう。
- However, it can be said to be true that sake was introduced to Europe officially with the government's approval and support after the Meiji restoration.
- これは「名物」の多い茶入に対して木製茶器が低く置かれたからであると思われるが、本来は茶入と同様に用いられていたという事実は注意を要する。
- It seems to be by that the wooden tea caddies were ranked lower than chaire, which features many 'meibutsu' (distinguished tea utensils), but the fact must be noted that they were originally used in the same way as chaire.
- また、当初の伊藤は政党内閣は事実上主権(国体)が天皇から政党に移るから認められないと考えていた(もっとも、伊藤は後に立憲政友会を結党)。
- Also, at that time, Ito thought that a political party cabinet was not acceptable because it meant that the sovereign power (national structure) would in effect shift from the Emperor to a political party (yet Ito established the Rikken Seiyukai Party later on.)
- 判決書に事実及び理由を記載するには、請求の趣旨及び原因の要旨、その原因の有無並びに請求を排斥する理由である抗弁の要旨を表示すれば足りる。
- When stating facts and reasons in a judgment document, it shall be sufficient to indicate the gist of the object and statement of claim, the existence or nonexistence of the statement, and the gist of a defense which is the reason for rejecting the claim.
- 裁判所は、書面による準備手続の終結後の口頭弁論の期日において、その後の証拠調べによって証明すべき事実を当事者との間で確認するものとする。
- The court, on the date for oral argument held after the close of preparatory proceedings by means of documents, shall confirm, with the parties, the facts to be proven through the subsequent examination of evidence.
- 第二百十九条(手形訴訟の判決書等の引用)の規定は、異議後の訴訟の判決書又は判決書に代わる調書における事実及び理由の記載について準用する。
- The provision of Article 219 (Citation of Judgment Document of Action on Bills and Notes) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the statements of facts and reasons in the judgment document or the record in lieu of the judgment document of an action after an objection.
- これらは繁殖力が強く、生態系に悪影響を与えているとされ、事実、メダカやタモロコなど、いくつかの在来種が補食関係の変化により姿を消している。
- It is considered that, since these foreign species have high productive ability, they are negatively affecting the eco-system in that area and, in fact, some of the native species such as killifish and field gudgeon have disappeared due to the changes in predation in the environment.
- まず、鎮護国家とされる国家によって官寺と呼ばれる寺院の建立・維持が行われて国家と皇室の安泰を祈るための法会が行われたという事実は存在する。
- First of all, in fact, the temples called kanji had been erected and maintained by so called Chingokokka, and Buddhist services had been held to pray for peace and security of the country and the Imperial Family.
- 事実、吉田寮や熊野寮が自主的に入寮資格拡大を行わなかった場合、女子学生(女子寮)や院生(室町寮)の受け入れ先はほぼ無いに等しい状態だった。
- As a matter of fact, if Yoshida dormitory and Kumano dormitory hadn't eased the requirements on an autonomous basis, there might have been no facilities to accept female students (dormitory for females) and graduate students (Muromachi dormitory).
- 新貨条例は金本位制を制定したものであったが、実際には国内外の貨幣事情から、その後も金本位制は実現せず、事実上は金銀複本位制が実態となった。
- Although the New Currency Regulation stipulated the gold standard system, bimetallism was practically used since the gold standard system wa snot put into practice because of the currency circumstances at home and abroad.
- 窮地に立たされた信長だが、1578年に包囲網の最大勢力上杉謙信が急死し、危機を免れ、1580年の石山本願寺明け渡しによって事実上崩壊した。
- Although Nobunaga faced a predicament, he was saved by the death of Kenshin UESUGI, the strongest leader of the anti-Nobunaga network, in 1578; the anti-Nobunaga network collapsed in 1580, when Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple surrendered to Nobunaga by opnening its gate.
- しかし、同時に長慶を文弱に走らせてしまったのも事実であり、そして長慶の死、その後の三好家内紛が政権滅亡へのとどめとなってしまったのである。
- However, this caused Nagayoshi to devote himself to literature, which led to the death of Nagayoshi, internal conflict within the Miyoshi clan, and eventually to the fall of the Miyoshi's government.
- この記述が事実だとすると、9月10日の戦いで両軍共に全軍の2割に達する戦死者を出しながら、なおも長期間戦いを続けていたことになってしまう。
- However, if this description was true, it becomes that, although both forces had lost as many as 20% of them in the battle on October 18, they continued fighting further for a long period of time.
- 明治維新によって、幕府も含めて旧来の朝廷機構は事実上廃止されて(王政復古の大号令)、新しく生まれ変わった行政組織である明治政府が成立した。
- The old Imperial Court system including the bakuhu was virtually abolished by the Meiji Restoration (the Decree for the Restoration of Imperial Rule), and the Meiji Government was established as a newly born political system.
- しかし、それを実現させるだけの資金的裏づけがなかった日本は、秘かにイギリスに対してのみ、この要求の事実を打ち明けて共同経営の誘いを行った。
- However, as Japan did not have enough funds to realize the business, it confided in only the United Kingdom about the demand and asked it to join the business in partnership.
- 1987年3月24日、京都地方検察庁は市長が古都税の和解について交渉した過程において利益誘導にあたる事実はないとして不起訴の決定を下した。
- March 24, 1987: The Kyoto District Public Prosecutors Office decided not to prosecute the mayor because of no evidence of handing out benefits to his electoral district during his negotiation for the settlement of the Old Capital Tax.
- 10月9日、後白河は頼朝を本位に復して赦免、14日には寿永二年十月宣旨を下して、東海・東山両道諸国の事実上の支配権を与える(『百錬抄』)。
- Goshirakawa pardoned Yoritomo by reinstating him in his previous position on November 2, and gave Yoritomo the virtual right to rule the provinces along Tokai-do Road and Tosan-do Road by issuing Juei-ninen Jugatsu no Senji (the imperial decree issued to MINAMOTO no Yoritomo) on November 7 ('Hyakuren sho').
- この事実等から『「一宮記」の諸系統』では、選者は『延喜式神名帳』の式内社であることを強く意識して編纂に当たったのではないかと考察している。
- Therefore 'The Various Lines of Ichinomiya-Ki' concludes that the writer of 'Dainihonkoku Ichinomiya-Ki' intended to classify shrines based on whether it had been listed in 'Engi-shiki Jinmyocho' or not.
- 複数の国が存在していて、それらの国が金本位制を採用している場合、流通している通貨が異なっても事実上「金」が世界共通の通貨であることになる。
- When there are several countries, which implement gold standard system, 'gold' is practically the universal currency even though their currencies in circulation are different.
- 幕府と五山のつながりが強まるにつれて僧録は五山の僧侶によって独占され、臨済宗の事実上の最高機関として五山以下の諸寺を統括するようになった。
- As the connection between the bakufu and Gozan strengthened, the post of soroku came to be monopolized by Gozan monks who controlled all temples under control of the Gozan as the highest institution of the Rinzai Sect.
- 追認又はその拒絶は、相手方に対してしなければ、その相手方に対抗することができない。ただし、相手方がその事実を知ったときは、この限りでない。
- Any ratification or refusal to ratify may not be asserted vis-a-vis the counterparty unless it is made to such counterparty; provided, however, that, this shall not apply to the cases where the counterparty has come to know such fact.
- 債務者についての外国で開始された手続で破産手続に相当するものがある場合には、当該債務者に破産手続開始の原因となる事実があるものと推定する。
- Where proceedings equivalent to bankruptcy proceedings are commenced against a debtor in a foreign state, a fact constituting the grounds for the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings shall be presumed to exist with regard to the debtor.
- 異議後の訴訟の判決書又は判決書に代わる調書における事実及び理由の記載は、手形訴訟の判決書又は判決書に代わる調書を引用してすることができる。
- Statement of facts and reasons in the judgment document or record in lieu of the judgment document of the action after objection may be made by citing statements in the judgment document or the record in lieu of the judgment document of an action on bills and notes.
- 第百十七条第一項の訴えの提起があった場合において、変更のため主張した事情が法律上理由があるとみえ、かつ、事実上の点につき疎明があったとき。
- Where an action set forth in Article 117(1) is filed, and if the circumstances alleged for modification appear to be legally well-grounded, and a prima facie showing is made on factual matters.
- 当該公開買付けに応じて当該上場株券等の売付け等をした者が、当該会社に重要事実が生じており又は公表等の内容が虚偽であることを知つていたとき。
- in the case where the person who makes Sales, etc. of Listed Share Certificates, etc. in response to the Tender Offer knew the fact that the Material Fact occurred pertaining to the company or the fact that the Publication, etc. contains untruth; or
- 2003年9月以降は樟葉駅に特急が停車するようになり、八幡市駅を通る急行が大幅減少したため、現在事実上の八幡市の玄関駅は樟葉駅になっている。
- Since special express trains started to stop in Kuzuha Station in September 2003, the number of express trains that stop at Yawatashi Station greatly decreased; Kuzuha Station, in effect, serves as the main entrance of Yawata City.
- 恐らくは書道よりも早い段階で明経道に事実上吸収されていき、明経道を独占した中原氏・清原氏が明経道の職に就くまでの暫定的な地位となっていった。
- It was most likely absorbed by Myogyodo even before Calligraphy and maintained a temporary place there until the Nakahara clan and the Kiyohara clan got appointments to Myogyodo and were later able to dominate Myogyodo.
- 現在では事実上の豆腐料理になっている場合が多いが、山間部などでは現在でもサトイモや川魚を主体にした串焼きに近い田楽が供されている地域も多い。
- Today, most misodengaku dishes are actually prepared by using tofu, while in many mountainous areas, dengaku is prepared mainly by using satoimo or freshwater fish on skewers, similar to 'kushiyaki' (grilled skewered foods).
- 演劇的な内容としては、歴史的事実を演劇化した時代物、その当時の世相を描写した(現在なら民放のテレビドラマに相当する)世話物などに分けられる。
- Kabuki Kyogen is classified according to its drama content into some categories, such as 'Jidaimono,' which dramatizes the historical facts, and 'Sewamono,' which portrays the social conditions at the time, and Sewamono is equivalent to today's TV dramas of commercial broadcasting.
- 親王が京都付近で没したことは『園太暦』に記されているので、伝承には疑問も残るが、少なくとも子孫の木寺宮が入野に下向した事実はあったのだろう。
- The records show that the Prince died around Kyoto according to 'Entairyaku' (Diary of Kinkata TOIN), although it is not known whether the legend is true or not, at least it must have been true that Kideranomiya's descendant went to Irino.
- 京都では、外祖父である源通親が別当として権力を掌握し、鎌倉では、1199年に源頼朝が亡くなり、事実上北条時政による御家人政治が行われていた。
- In Kyoto, the Emperor's maternal grandfather, MINAMOTO no Michichika had political power as a Betto, in Kamakura after MINAMOTO no Yoritomo died in 1199, Tokimasa HOJO took the actual political control for Gokenin, where the Shogun has political power and the Samurai pledge their loyalty to the Shogun.
- 一の訴えにより財産権上の請求でない請求とその原因である事実から生ずる財産権上の請求とをあわせてするときは、多額である訴訟の目的の価額による。
- When filing an action bringing a claim that is not on a property right together with a claim on a property right which arises from the fact that is the cause of the former claim, the large amount of the values of the subject matter of suit shall apply.
- 織田政権内での主導権をもくろむ秀吉は、さらに清洲会議にて信忠の子・三法師(織田秀信)の後見となり、事実上の信長の後継者としての地位を確立する。
- Hideyoshi, who aimed to take the initiative in the Oda government, became the guardian for Sanposhi (Hidenobu ODA), who was a son of Nobutada, as a result of the Meeting in Kiyosu-jo Castle and established his position as the successor of Nobunaga.
- その他の諸国の本所領については当分の間、本所の雑掌と預かり人(半済令によって所領を占拠している武家)が半分ずつに分割する(事実上の下地中分)。
- Territories in other various districts owned by honjo were divided in half between a honjo's zassho (a person in charge of miscellaneous tasks) and an azukarinin (person left in charge of one's belongings, etc.) of a samurai family that had occupied the territory taking advantage of Hanzeirei (This could be virtually regarded as Shitaji chubun, which means a 'physical division of the land').
- 地方の民衆生活のなかでは、「村」は基本的な共同体の単位であったが、それが、法的には全然認められていない事実のなかにも、律令法の特徴がみられる。
- In the provincial lives of people, the 'village' was a basic unit of the community, but the fact that it was not recognized by law at all is characteristic of ritsuryo law.
- また、この剣道の起源剽窃問題は全日本剣道連盟()にて取り上げられ、日本起源であるという事実を国際的に広報すべく英語版Webサイトに掲載された。
- This plagiarism problem with regard to Kendo's origin was also taken up by the All Japan Kendo Federation (in its official statement), and the fact that Kendo has its origin in Japan was shown on the English version of the website as an international publicity action.
- 演歌は日本の大衆に受け容れられ、流行音楽の一つの潮流を作り出してきたが、一方でその独自の音楽表現に嫌悪を示す者も少なくないのもまた事実である。
- Enka has been accepted by the Japanese public and formed a trend of music, but it is also true that many people are disgusted by its musical expression.
- だが、当時の記録を見るともう一つの目的として公事方御定書にはない恩赦の法令を定める事によって同法の事実上の改正を意図していた事が知られている。
- One more intention can be known by looking at the records of that time: by establishing a law on pardon, Abe intended to actually revise the law of the Edo Shogunate, the Kujigata-osadamegaki (literally, 'book of rules for public officials').
- このように体系性、宗派性が低い事実とあわせ、朝鮮寺は死者儀礼とも無関係であることがほとんどであり、現世利益の祈祷仏教に属すると考えられている。
- In addition to the fact that they are not affected by any systematic or religious influence, Korean Temples have no relation to the ceremony for dead, therefore, it can be considered to belong to Buddhism for prayer, worshipping material benefits.
- 朱印船制度は初代将軍徳川家康が制度化したものであり、家康自身が直接発行したものも多く、余人がそれを取り消すことは事実上不可能だったからである。
- The shuinsen regulations were institutionalized by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, the first Shogun and many of the shuinjo were issued by Ieyasu himself, so the cancellation of shuinjo was virtually impossible
- 見方によっては、永衡に反逆の意図があったかどうかは(事実は不明だが、物語の文脈としては)不明であって、頼義の猜疑心が永衡を討たせたともいえる。
- Depending on the viewpoint, it is uncertain whether or not Nagahira intended to betray Yoriyoshi (the facts are unknown but judging from the context of the story), but it can be said that Nagahira's death was caused by Yoriyoshi's suspicion.
- これによって、天皇と内閣の関係を規定すると同時に、明治天皇が親政の意思を事実上放棄して、天皇の立憲君主としての立場を受け入れることを表明した。
- It stipulated the relationship between Emperor and the cabinet in which the Emperor Meiji declared to renounce in effect the will for the direct imperial rule and accept the position as constitutional monarch.
- 当時、本位貨幣という概念は無かったものの、金銀銅の三貨もいずれもが事実上の本位貨幣としての価値をもって流通し、それぞれが変動相場で取引された。
- Although there was no notion of standard money at the time, each of the three coins, gold, silver and copper, was circulated with a value of nominal standard money, and was traded at floating exchange rates.
- 前条の規定による権利は、買主が善意であったときは事実を知った時から、悪意であったときは契約の時から、それぞれ一年以内に行使しなければならない。
- The rights under the preceding Article must be exercised within one year from the time when the buyer knew the facts if the buyer was in good faith, or within one year from the time of the contract if the buyer had knowledge, as the case may be.
- 相手方に対する意思表示について第三者が詐欺を行った場合においては、相手方がその事実を知っていたときに限り、その意思表示を取り消すことができる。
- In cases any third party commits any fraud inducing any person to make a manifestation of intention to the other party, such manifestation of intention may be rescinded only if the other party knew such fact.
- ゴマダラカミキリが侵入しない施設で2年間生育されたもの以外は輸入を認めないとする内容であり、2009、2010年度の輸出が事実上不可能となった。
- The regulations prohibit the import of garden trees which have not been grown for over two years in a facility which prevents the infestation of Asian long-horned beetles and exports effectively became impossible in 2009 and 2010.
- 平氏政権による福原京の計画が平安京との複都構想だったとし、また鎌倉幕府の置かれた鎌倉が、京都と首都機能を分担した事実上の複都制であるとするもの。
- The view asserting that the plan for Fukuhara-kyo by the Heike family was a plan for a system of multiple capitals with Heiankyo, and that Kamakura, where Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by shogun) was located, bore the functions of a capital with Kyoto, therefore, the multi-capital system existed in Kamakura era.
- このため、当該行為が当事者間の和いによる志与であった事実を証文の文中において強調することで、当該行為に悔返が発生しないことを宣言するようになる。
- Therefore, the deed came to emphasize the fact that transfer was made as a favor upon agreement or compromise between the parties, in order to declare cancellation would not be made to the transfer.
- 吉田松陰、高杉晋作、西郷隆盛、河井継之助、佐久間象山が歴史上おり、革命運動(大塩平八郎 --大塩平八郎の乱)に呈する者が多かったのは事実である。
- Historical figures were Shoin YOSHIDA, Shinsaku TAKASUGI, Takamori SAIGO, Tsugunosuke KAWAI, and Shozan SAKUMA; most of them in fact aligned themselves with the revolutionary movement (such as Heihachiro OSHIO's rebellion).
- しかしながら、この改訂が一宮はどこかと言う事実を追求した成果なのか、あるいは政治的意図があったのかは別の検証が必要であるとも同書では述べている。
- However, 'The Various Lines of Ichinomiya-Ki' also suggests that more research is required to figure out whether the corrections of the mistakes were the result of careful research or the writer had some political intension.
- これは文章博士が紀伝道成立以前からある官である事と「紀伝」を学ぶために設置された官職であった事実との間でバランスを取った結果とも考えられている。
- This can be understood as them trying to keep balance between the fact that monjo hakase existed before the establishment of kidendo and that they were the positions set for studying 'kiden.'
- これらのことから、「三韓征伐」説話を根拠として全く用いることがなくとも、4世紀後半以降の倭の朝鮮半島進出自体は歴史的事実として立証できるとする。
- Those evidences, even dismissing the tale of 'Sankan-Seibatsu,' would be determinate factor in the foundation of the theory that Wa progressed in his militaristic advance into the Korean peninsula during the later portion of the fourth century as historical fact.
- 占有回収の訴えは、占有を侵奪した者の特定承継人に対して提起することができない。ただし、その承継人が侵奪の事実を知っていたときは、この限りでない。
- An Action for recovery of possession cannot be filed against a specific successor of the usurper of possession; provided, however, that this shall not apply if that successor had knowledge of the fact of usurpation.
- 第一項の規定により法令に違反する事由を示す場合において、その法令が訴訟手続に関するものであるときは、これに違反する事実を掲記しなければならない。
- In cases of indicating the grounds for the violation of a law or regulation pursuant to the provision of paragraph (1), if such law or regulation relates to court proceedings, the fact in violation shall be set down.
- 後に公田そのものが官務を世襲した小槻氏の事実上の所領と化して、そこから地子稲及び地子交易で得られた物資が太政官の経費として捻出されるようになった。
- Later on, Koden became territories of the Ozuki clan who took over the official position, and rice taxes from these territories, as well as commodities obtained through Jishi Koeki were spent as expenses for the Daijokan.
- 保延2年(1136年)に受領・下総守藤原親通に郡司職(事実上の領主権)を奪われて以降、常胤一族は必死になってその南部を開発していたのかもしれない。
- Since the time when the position of gunji (de facto feudal rights) was captured by zuryo (the head of the provincial governors) and Shimosa no kami FUJIWARA no Chikamichi in 1136, Tsunetane and his family were likely to have struggled to develop the southern part.
- 興世王、将門、武芝は承平9年5月2日付けで常陸・下総・下野・武蔵・上野5カ国の国府の「謀反は事実無根」との証明書をそえて送ると朝廷は疑いを解いた。
- The certifications sent by Prince Okiyo, Masakado and Takeshiba dated May 2, 939, dispelled the court's doubts because the provincial office of five provinces--Hitachi, Shimofusa, Shimotsuke, Musashi and Kozuke--suggested in the certification that the rumor of a planned rebellion was groundless.
- 古墳はともかく、陵墓や陵墓参考地の大半が宮内庁の方針により事実上の学術発掘調査不可となっている現在、和宮は墓所が発掘調査された数少ない皇族である。
- Kazunomiya is one of the rare Imperial family members whose cemetery was excavated for investigation, since currently most Imperial mausoleum studied for reference are in fact not allowed to be excavated for investigation purposes, ancient tombs also fall under the policy of the Imperial Household Agency.
- しかしすでに明治9年の国立銀行条例改正により事実上不換紙幣の発行が認められるようになっており、c不換紙幣の増発が続いたため、インフレが急速に進行。
- However, due to the revision of the regulation of national bank in 1876, it was virtually permitted to issue inconvertible paper currency, and inflation caused by issuing inconvertible paper currency repeatedly in accordance with increasing war spending for Seinan War rapidly progressed.
- この事実を知った照手姫も密かに横山の屋敷を抜け出したものの不義の罪により相模川に沈められかけるが、危ういところを金沢六浦の漁師によって助けられる。
- The Princess Terute, who discovered the fact and secretly ran away from Yokoyama's residence, was charged with immorality and almost drowned in Sagami-gawa River, but was narrowly saved by a fisherman in Kanazawa Mutsuura.
- 正史(特に後述する「断代史」の形式をとる正史)は、その名から「正しい歴史」の略と考えられることがあるが、実際には事実と異なることも記載されている。
- The term 'seishi' (particularly seishi that take the form of danseishi, or dynastic histories, which will be discussed further below) might at first glance be thought to be merely an abbreviation for 'true history' as the two characters used are 'sei' ('correct, true') and 'shi' ('history'), but in fact seishi may include sections where events did not actually occur as described.
- 11世紀・12世紀になると、国衙政治の実務は事実上在庁官人が担うようになっており、受領国司は在庁官人の力なしに国内統治を果たすことはできなかった。
- In reality, during the eleventh and twelfth centurys, the Zaichokanjin controlled Kokuga politics and Zuryo (the head of the provincial governors) Kokushi could not execute governing duty of the province without Zaichokanjin's political power.
- 親王が京都付近で没したことは『園太暦』に見えているので、伝承そのものには疑問があるが、少なくとも子孫の木寺宮が入野に下向した事実はあったようである。
- Since it is known from 'Entairyaku' (Diary of Kinkata TOIN) that the prince died near Kyoto, there remain some doubts about the tradition itself, but at least there seemed to exist the fact that the descendant of the Kideranomiya family moved into Irino.
- それまでは幼少の天皇の代理者たる摂政として権限を行使してきたが、ついに成人の天皇の補佐者(事実上の権限代行者)たる関白の地位も手中にしたことになる。
- He had been exercising authority as a regent on behalf of a child emperor, but now at last attained the position of chancellor, an advisor to an adult emperor (a de facto authorized deputy).
- 千葉氏や、権五郎景正の子孫、ないしは一族とされる大庭氏などにおいては、『吾妻鏡』にある「相伝の家人」が、事実と相違することは既に見てきた通りである。
- As described above, the Chiba clan and descendants of Gongoro Kagemasa, and Oba clan considered to be a clan varied from 'transmission of Kenin' mentioned in 'Azuma Kagami.'
- その背景には武術家盛平の強さに関して超人的なエピソードが幾つも伝わっており、それが多くの合気道家に事実として信じられていることが大きく作用している。
- Serving as a strong background was the fact that many anecdotes describing superhuman feats were told in regard to the martial artist Morihei and his strengths, and these anecdotes were taken as facts by many aikido practitioners.
- また同書では当初から兄・天智天皇の皇太弟であると記されているが、弘文天皇の立太子の事実を否定し天皇の皇位継承を正当化する意図があるとする意見もある。
- The 'Nihonshoki' describes that he was the Kotaitei (the younger brother of an Emperor so is heir apparent) of his older brother the Emperor Tenchi to begin with; however, some say that the book tries to deny the fact that the Emperor Kobun actually was the investiture of the Crown Prince, and justifies his succession to the imperial throne.
- 後三条はその実現の前に没したが、その直系男子の白河天皇は後三条の遺志を継いで、上皇となって事実上の国王(治天の君)として政務に当たる院政を開始した。
- Emperor Gosanjo died before his plan could be realized, his male successor, directly in line, Emperor Shirakawa abided by Emperor Gosanjo's will and he became the retired Emperor and started the Cloistered government to rule politics as the actual Emperor (Chiten no Kimi).
- ただし、この「開国和親」表明は外交団に対するものであり、新政府内にも未だ攘夷を支持する者もいることから、国内に対してはその事実を明確にはしなかった。
- However, the announcement of 'opening of a country to the world and amity' was made only to the foreign diplomats, and still there were some supporters of Joi within the new government, so that the fact was not disclosed domestically.
- 従って、この乱を「天慶の乱」と呼ぶ事には問題はないものの、単に「承平の乱」と呼んだ場合には事実関係との齟齬を生む可能性がある事に留意する必要がある。
- It should be noted that the wars may be referred to as the 'the Tengyo Wars', but they cannot simply be referred to as 'the Johei Wars' as this may be a contradiction of historical fact.
- 第九十七条第二項の規定は、申込者が反対の意思を表示した場合又はその相手方が申込者の死亡若しくは行為能力の喪失の事実を知っていた場合には、適用しない。
- The provisions of paragraph (2) of Article 97 shall not apply where the offeror expresses his/her intention to the contrary, or the other party has come to know the fact of the offeror's death or loss of capacity to act.
- 弁論準備手続の終結後に、口頭弁論において弁論準備手続の結果を陳述するときは、その後の証拠調べによって証明すべき事実を明らかにしてしなければならない。
- When stating the outcome of preparatory proceedings at oral argument after the conclusion of preparatory proceedings, the facts to be proven through the subsequent examination of evidence shall be clarified.
- 12日に高槻市で軍議を開き、秀吉は長秀、次いで信孝を総大将に推したが、逆に両者から望まれて自身が事実上の盟主となった(名目上、信孝が総大将となった)。
- A war council was convened in Takatsuki City on June 12, where Hideyoshi recommended Nagahide, and then Nobutaka, as the supreme commander, but conversely Hideyoshi himself became the virtual leader at the request of the two (nominally Nobutaka became the supreme commander).
- 幕府が諸藩を指導して給人という呼称を用いさせたり定着させようとした事実はないにも関わらず、多くの諸藩には、給人または給人席という身分・家格が存在した。
- The fact was that the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) did not intend to use or settle this designation of kyujin, however, there existed a status or Kakaku called kyujin or kyujin-seki in many domains.
- などから、この元慶の乱は事実上蝦夷側の要求が通り、雄物川以北は蝦夷側の支配する地区となり、朝廷が手を出せなくなってしまったのではないかとする人もいる。
- For these reasons, some even assume that in the Gangyo War the request of the Emishi side was practically granted, and that the Emishi took over the reins of the region to the north of the Omono-gawa River, which even the Imperial Court could no longer touch.
- 『日本書紀』によるならば周知の事実として次期天皇は実力にも恵まれた大海人皇子と合意がなされていたが、反乱をおこした大友皇子を滅ぼした恰好となっている。
- According to 'Nihonshoki,' it was agreed that the powerful Prince Oama would be the next emperor, however, contrary to the paper, in fact Prince Oama ascended the throne after defeating Prince Otomo.
- 滋子の美貌は『建礼門院右京大夫集』でも、「言ふ方なくめでたく、若くもおはします(言葉にできぬほど美しく、若々しい)」と絶賛しているので事実と思われる。
- It must have been true that Shigeko was exceptionally beautiful as she was praised highly and it was said in the 'Kenreimonin ukyo no Daibu shu' (The poetic Memories of Lady Daibu), 'It is hard to describe how beautiful and young she is.'
- が、1875年(明治8年)、政府の讒謗律(ざんぼうりつ)・新聞紙条例が施行されたことで機関誌の発行は43号で中絶・廃刊に追い込まれ事実上解散となった。
- However, due to the Zanboritsu (Libel Law) and the Shinbunshi Jorei (Press Ordinance) put into effect by the government in 1875, the bulletin was forced to suspend and cease publication after the forty-third issue, and the society was, in effect, dissolved.
- とにかく7、8世紀の交の意味付けはこれを徹底的に排し、百済王朝側の正当化の論理に十分用心して、客観的事実のみから蓋然性の範囲を推測しなければならない。
- Anyway, the meanings of '交' in the seventh and eighth centuries have to be cut off overwhelmingly and the probability has to be guessed only by objective facts with taking enough precaution against the legitimization of the Baekje Dynasty side.
- 逆に第2次松方内閣では立憲改進党の後身である進歩党_(明治)との事実上の連立体制(松隈内閣)が形成されてこれを自由党が攻撃するという構図も形成される。
- The practical coalition cabinet was formed as the Progressive Party (in the Meiji Period) which was the Constitutional Progressive Party (the Showai Cabinet (Sho was defined as Masayoshi MATSUKATA while Wai was Shigenobu OKUMA)) in the Second Matsukata Cabinet, and the Liberal Party attacked them.
- 一定の年紀を過ぎると、その間の土地の所有・占有の事実をもって真実の権利関係如何を問わず、当該行為を行っていた者を正当な権利保持者として確認されること。
- It refers to confirming a person who has done the act in question as the legitimate right holder with the fact that he has possessed/occupied the land after a certain nenki (period) regardless of the real rights.
- こうして兵力と補給に余裕が出てきたことにより朝鮮南部の支配を既定事実とするため、朝鮮南部へ布陣した諸将を動員して第二次晋州城攻防戦で晋州城を攻略した。
- Thus, as they could gain some leeway both in troop strength and supplies, in order to control southern Korea an established fact, commanders camped in southern Korea were called up to attack Jinju Castle (the second Siege of Jinju).
- 破産手続開始後に、その事実を知って破産者にした弁済は、破産財団が受けた利益の限度においてのみ、破産手続の関係において、その効力を主張することができる。
- Payment made to the bankrupt after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings with knowledge of the commencement may be asserted as effective in relation to the bankruptcy proceedings only to the extent that the bankruptcy estate has been enriched.
- 裁判所は、判決をするに当たり、口頭弁論の全趣旨及び証拠調べの結果をしん酌して、自由な心証により、事実についての主張を真実と認めるべきか否かを判断する。
- When making a judgment, the court, in light of the entire import of the oral argument and the result of the examination of evidence, and based on its free determination, shall decide whether or not the allegations on facts are true.
- 争点及び証拠の整理手続を経た事件についての口頭弁論の期日の変更は、事実及び証拠についての調査が十分に行われていないことを理由としては許してはならない。
- A change of the date for oral argument shall not be allowed for a case in which proceedings to arrange issues and evidence have already been conducted, if it is based on the reason that facts and evidence have not been researched sufficiently.
- 弁済期にある債務の弁済が信用情報提供等業務の継続に著しい支障を来すこととなる事態又は破産手続開始の原因となる事実が生ずるおそれがあると認められるとき。
- When it is found that circumstances wherein performance of the obligations on which performance is due would cause a substantial detriment to the continuation of Credit Information Services or a fact which would give rise to the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is likely to occur; or
- 事実、受領になると巨額の富を得ることができたため、国司に任命されるために人事権に強い影響を及ぼしうる摂関家へ取り入る者が後を絶たなかったと言われている。
- In fact, since the zuryo was in the position to accumulate an immense amount of wealth, it is said that an endless stream of people ingratiated themselves to the sekkanke (the aristocratic families of regents and advisers), which had a great influence over personnel issues, in order to attain the post of the kokushi.
- しかし、宗忠は単に「私記」と記してあった書が『清慎公記』と気づかずに、後日になって同書を譲ったとする顕仲と事実無根とする宗忠の間に紛争となったとされる。
- However, Munetada didn't recognize the book, simply titled 'Shiki,' as ''Seishinko-ki,'' and later there was a conflict between Akinaka who claimed he gave the book to Munetada, and Munetada who claimed he didn't receive it.
- しかし、『源氏物語』の実際の着用例は事実をふまえたものであろうから、成人を含めた女性が、袿や時には裳まで含む多くの装束とともに重ねて着用したとみてよい。
- However, because the actual way of wearing hosonaga seen in 'Genji Monogatari' (the Tale of Genji) might have been based on fact, it is reasonable to think hosonaga was worn by women including adults by layering with many garments including uchiki and sometimes with mo.
- 一般に女性天皇は過去に8人10代存在するとされ、その内の6人8代は6世紀末から8世紀後半に集中するが、いずれも天皇または皇子を父に持つことは事実である。
- It is usually assumed that eight female Emperors in ten generations, including six female Emperors in eight generations during the period between the end of the sixth century and the latter half of the eighth century, were in the past, and it is undeniable that their father was either Emperor or Crown Prince.
- 事実、以仁王が平家を打倒すべく諸国の源氏に呼びかけた際、はじめに挙兵した源頼政は清和源氏としては初の従三位という高位にあり長者ともいうべき地位にあった。
- In fact, MINAMOTO no Yorimasa, who was the first one to raise an army when Prince Mochihito called upon the members of the Minamoto families in various provinces in order to overthrow the Taira family, had a court rank of Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank), which was a first among Seiwa Genji, and he had a status that could have made him the clan chief.
- 『続日本紀』の記述は光仁天皇を最終的に皇位継承者として認めた称徳天皇が神託事件の首謀者であった点をぼかした以外は事実をほぼ忠実に伝えていると解している。
- He thinks that things described in 'Shoku Nihongi' are generally accurate except that the author avoided to write clearly that the true ringleader of this Oracle Incident was the Empress Shotoku, who eventually approved Emperor Konin as her successor.
- これを改める為に、金貨の通貨単位である2朱に相当する銀貨を発行して、金貨と銀貨の為替レートを固定、事実上の通貨統一を果たそうというのが田沼の狙いだった。
- To improve this, Tamura proposed that issuing silver coins with the value of Nishu gold coins, and fixing the exchange rate between silver and gold coins, would eventually unify the currency system.
- 形態は新聞社であったが、社会主義者と社会主義支援者らのセンターの役割を担い、事実上、社会主義協会 (1900年)とともに社会主義運動の中心組織であった。
- Although it was a newspaper company in its appearance, it was in reality the central organization of socialistic movements playing the role of the center for socialism and socialism supporters together with the Socialist Association (in 1900).
- よく、「榎本政権」は諸外国から「事実上の政権(オーソリティー・デ・ファクト)」として認められていた、と言われているが、実際には、以下のような経緯だった。
- It is often said that 'the Enomoto Government' was admitted as 'Authorities De Facto' by foreign countries, and here is the actual background.
- 1523年には惟長父子に堅志田城を奪われ甲佐町・砥用町・中山も支配下におかれるが1543年に堅志田城を奪還し、30年に及ぶ内部分裂に事実上終止符を打つ。
- In 1523, Koretoyo lost control of Katashida-jo Castle to Korenaga and his son, and they even took over control of Kosa Town, Tomochi Town, and Nakayama; however, Koretoyo regained control over the castle in 1543, finally ending the internal conflicts that had continued for 30 years.
- 1988年 ロナルド・レーガン大統領が『市民自由法』に署名し、人種差別に基づく日系人強制収容の事実の謝罪と一人につき2万ドルの補償をおこなうことを決定。
- In 1988, Ronald REAGAN signed the 'Civil Liberties Act,' deciding to apologize for the Japanese American Internment based on racial discrimination and to grant the survivors 20,000 dollars per person in compensation.
- これを踏まえて火葬日本の火葬に立ち戻るなら、その儒教の国(唐)から渡来した仏教の僧道昭が、日本における火葬の嚆矢となったことは非常に興味深い事実といえる。
- Looking back to cremation in Japan, where cremation is widely practiced, it is very interesting that the Buddhist monk Dosho, who came to Japan from a Confucian country (Tang) played a pivotal role in the spread of cremation in Japan.
- 「白鸚」の名跡は襲名披露興行の舞台以外にほとんど実績のない事実上の隠居名で、存命中は八代目 松本幸四郎(はちだいめ まつもと こうしろう)として知られた。
- The name 'Hakuo' is a name that he adopted in retirement and was rarely used on stage with the exception of his son and grandson's name in a succession ceremony, while during his lifetime he was also known as Koshiro MATSUMOTO VIII.
- 明治11年(1878年)4月、40歳を過ぎて妃との間に継嗣の出来ない熾仁親王は、稠宮を事実上の養子として有栖川宮家の後継者にしたい旨を明治天皇に願い出る。
- In April 1878, since there were no children between Imperial Prince Taruhito and the Empress, when he was over forty years old, he asked Emperor Meiji to adopt Sawanomiya as an actual successor to the Arisugawa no Miya family.
- 慶応3年12月9日 (旧暦)(1868年1月3日)に勃発した王政復古 (日本)のクーデターは事実上の中央政府が江戸幕府から朝廷へ移っただけに過ぎなかった。
- Osei-fukko (Restoration of Imperial Rule) declared on January 3, 1868 was a coup through which the actual power of central government was shifted from the Edo bakufu to the Imperial Court.
- また、上奏権や建議権が限定付きながら与えられた(最終的には天皇の裁可と国務大臣の副署が必要であったが、建議権を通じた事実上の政策への関与が可能とされた)。
- And the Imperial Diet was also given limited rights to report and make proposals to the emperor (They could participate in politics using the right to make proposal to the emperor even though they needed to obtain approval of the emperor and countersignature of Minister of State when making a final decision.)
- 信長自身が出陣したことで徳川に対する義理(後詰)も果たしている(ただし、第一次高天神城の戦いで事実上見捨てており、少なくとも武田を退かせる必要はあった)。
- He did his duty to the Tokugawa clan by leading his troops (as the rear guard) (although he at least should have made the Takeda force retreat before abandoning the battle after the first battle at Takatenjin-jo Castle).
- この判決後、同姓同本の事実婚の夫婦が表に出、法律上の夫婦の便宜を受けることが出来るようになった(現在韓国では、八親等内の親戚の結婚は法的に認められない)。
- After this ruling, de facto marriage couples with the same family names and hongan surfaced, and had come to be provided with the benefit of lawful marriage (Today marriage within eighth degree relatives is not legally permitted in South Korea).
- 裁判長は、口頭弁論の期日又は期日外において、訴訟関係を明瞭にするため、事実上及び法律上の事項に関し、当事者に対して問いを発し、又は立証を促すことができる。
- The presiding judge, on the date for oral argument or a date other than that date, in order to clarify the matters related to the suit, may ask questions of a party or encourage him/her to show proof with regard to factual or legal matters.
- 除斥又は忌避の原因は、申立てをした日から三日以内に疎明しなければならない。法第二十四条(裁判官の忌避)第二項ただし書に規定する事実についても、同様とする。
- A prima facie showing shall be made with regard to the cause for the disqualification or challenge within three days from the day of filing the petition. The same shall apply to the facts prescribed in the proviso to paragraph (2) of Article 24 (Challenge to Judge) of the Code.
- 「江戸無血開城」に成功し、事実上幕府を滅亡させた新政府の東海道軍を率いる西郷隆盛は、旧幕府穏健派の勝海舟との関係から、彰義隊への対応の甘さが指摘されていた。
- Takamori SAIGO, the commander of the Tosando-gun army of the new government which successfully brought about the bloodless surrender and virtually abolished the Shogunate, was criticized for his leniency toward the Shogi-tai because of his relationship with Kaishu KATSU, a soft-liner from the former Shogunate.
- 宇多天皇は、891年(寛平3年)の関白藤原基経の死後摂関を置かず、源能有を事実上の首班として藤原時平と菅原道真、平季長等の近臣を重用し各種政治改革を行った。
- Emperor Uda did not appoint Sekkan (regents and advisers) after the death of Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) FUJIWARA no Mototsune in 891, and carried out various political reforms using MINAMOTO no Yoshiari as a virtual leader, promoting trusted vassals such as FUJIWARA no Tokihira, SUGAWARA no Michizane, and TAIRA no Suenaga.
- 特に管領 細川政元は征夷大将軍足利義稙を追放し、次期将軍に幼い足利義澄を擁立しこれを傀儡化させ、幕政を牛耳っており、室町幕府は事実上、細川氏の政権となった。
- Especially, Masamoto HOSOKAWA expelled Yoshitane ASHIKAGA, seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians'), backed up Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA who was still too young to become the next shogun, made Yoshizumi a puppet, and controlled the politics of the bakufu, and the Muromachi bakufu, in fact, became the administration of the Hosokawa clan.
- 近世以降の日本の画家の多くが狩野派の影響を受け、狩野派の影響から出発したことも事実であり、琳派の尾形光琳、写生派の円山応挙なども初期には狩野派に学んでいる。
- It is also a fact that many Japanese painters after the early years of the modern age were influenced by the Kanoha group and started with the influence of the Kanoha group; initially, Korin OGATA, of the Rinpa group, and Okyo MARUYAMA of the Shaseiha group had learned from the Kanoha group.
- 「三房」と称された3人はそれぞれのやり方で後醍醐天皇に忠義を尽くそうとしたと考えられるが、個性的な天皇のやり方についていけなかったのもまた事実のようである。
- It is assumed that the three; so-called `sanfusa' attempted to serve Emperor Godaigo faithfully; but they couldn't follow the emperor's unique ways.
- 一部の書籍には1900年(明治33)6月21日に初めてこの言葉を使ったとの説も見えるが、同評ではそれ以前から使用されており、初出の日付としては事実ではない。
- Some books suggest that this word was first used on June 21, 1900, however, it had been used before that time, which makes this suggestion untrue.
- これらの伝承の史実性はともかくとして、古墳時代の中頃(5-6世紀)には、東国人の捕虜を上記5ヶ国に移住させ、佐伯部として設定・編成したのは事実のようである。
- Whether these legendary stories are based on historical truth or not, it seems to be true that during the middle of the Tumulus period, the captives of the eastern countries were moved to the five provinces mentioned above and were set up and organized as Saeki be.
- 事実検証についても不平等条約の壁に阻まれ満足な解決が得られず、裁判では、下記のように証言したジョン・ウイリアム・ドレーク船長らイギリス人全員が無罪となった。
- In fact, the inspection was blocked by the unequal treaty, which made it impossible to reach an acceptable solution, and Captain John William Drake and all the other British crew members who testified at the trial as follows were acquitted.
- 簡明な叙述であり、情熱的な文章であった為に広く愛読されたが、参考史料として軍記物語なども用いているため、歴史的事実に忠実であるとは言いがたい記事も散見する。
- Concise descriptions and enthusiastic sentences were very popular, however, it used those war chronicles and so on as reference historical materials and there are some articles found, which are hard to say to be true to the historical facts.
- 事実上の祭主としては、盛岡藩家老の家に生まれた政友会総裁原敬が列席し、「戊辰戦役は政見の異同のみ」とした祭文を読み上げ、「賊軍」・「朝敵」の汚名を雪いでいる。
- The president of the (Rikken) Seiyu party, Takashi HARA, who was born to the chief retainer of the Morioka Domain, attended the ceremony, and virtually as a chief mourner, delivered the Shinto prayers during the festival, 'the only casus belli of the Boshin War was the difference in political opinions,' clearing the name of 'rebel army' and the 'choteki' (enemy of the Imperial Court).
- 後に光孝天皇が相撲を奨励するなど再興の動きも見られたが、平安時代中期以後は相撲召合と呼ばれて規模が縮小されるようになり、近衛府が事実上の主催するようになった。
- Afterwards, Emperor Koko promoted sumo which lead to a revival, but from the middle of the Heian period, the events were called sumo 'Meshiawase' (invitation) events that were smaller in scale and in fact organized by the imperial guards.
- しかし、熟達した飲み手(消費者)の官能に訴えるきわめてデリケートな味や香りは、まだ多くの部分が原因と結果に関して科学的解明がなされていないのもまた事実である。
- At the same time, it is also true that scientific explanations have not been yet given to most part of the cause and effect of very delicate taste and flavor which appeal to the senses of drinkers (or consumers) who have thorough knowledge and experience of sake.
- 二度の禁武政策を通じて、武器を取り上げられた人々が、薩摩藩に対抗するために空手を発展させたとする説が、従来、歴史的事実であるかのように繰り返し言及されてきた。
- Traditionally, the belief that Okinawan people, who were deprived of weapons after two kinmu seisaku, tried to refine karate to confront the Satsuma Domain was repeatedly insisted as if it were a historical fact.
- 臨時裁判所は形式上は大審院の中に存在するが、実際は、太政官の決裁により開設し、太政官から司法省に委任された権限に基づいて判決を下す事実上の行政裁判所であった。
- The temporally court existed inside the Daishin-in as a matter of form, however, it was actually an administrative court established by the approval of Daijokan (the Great Council of State) and decide a case based on the authority delegated from the Daijokan to the Ministry of Justice
- 井上の入閣後の同年10月5日、陸奥宗光・青木周蔵らとともに事実上の新党準備会にあたる「自治制研究会」を発足させて機関誌『自治新報』を発行するなど準備を進めた。
- Inoue started preparing 'Jichisei Kenkyu Kai' (a study group for autonomy) with Munemitsu MUTSU and Shuzo AOKI on October 15, 1888 after Inoue joined the cabinet, and it was virtually a committee for a new political party with a party newspaper called 'Jichi Shinpo' (New Autonomy News).
- 歴代の徳川将軍は能力の優劣はあったとしても、それぞれにおいてそれなりに政治に関与していた事実は確かであり、また逆に完全に独裁者として振る舞っていた訳でもない。
- Although some were more competent than others, every shogun was to at least some extent involved in politics, and it is also true that none of them acted as a complete dictator.
- ただし現代では、神話伝説を歴史的事実の反映であるとして自説にあうようにそれらしく解釈することは水掛け論を生むばかりで、あまり有意義な議論とは考えられていない。
- Interpreting myth and legend as reflections of historical fact, however, can lead to support for any theory, which only paves the way to endless dispute.
- 系譜に理由の記載は無いが、この2年後に本家である宇都宮氏も改易された事実とあわせて考えると、豊臣政権内の政争に巻き込まれたものと考えられているが定かではない。
- There is no description of the reason in the family tree, but two years later the UTSUNOMIYA clan, a head family, was also ordered 'kaieki', which suggests they were involved in political strife in the TOYOTOMI administration, but this isn't clear.
- 第三百十一条第二項の規定による上告があった場合には、上告裁判所は、原判決における事実の確定が法律に違反したことを理由として、その判決を破棄することができない。
- Where a final appeal is filed under the provision of Article 311(2), the final appellate court may not quash the judgment in prior instance on the grounds that the determination of facts by the judgment is in violation of any Acts.
- さらに多くの軍事貴族が戦乱で淘汰されたため、京都の治安維持・地方反乱の鎮圧・荘園の管理の役割も平氏の独占するところとなり、国家的な軍事・警察権も事実上掌握した。
- Moreover, the ranks of the nobility involved in military affairs had been greatly thinned by the recent wars and rebellions, which allowed the Taira clan to achieve a monopoly over the vital roles of preserving the peace in Kyoto, suppressing revolts in the provinces, and protecting and managing the shoen (private estates), and they also held de facto power as the sole police authorities throughout the country.
- だが、皇位継承が後光厳の直系子孫による方針が決められたために崇光と伏見宮家による後光厳と室町幕府に対する反感が高まって、北朝は事実上の分裂状態に陥ったのである。
- However, after it was decided that the direct descendants of Emperor Gokogon would succeed to the throne, antagonism was raised against Emperor Gokogon and the Muromachi bakufu by Emperor Suko and the Fushiminomiya family, and this practically caused a division within the Northern Court.
- 馬琴が用いた参考史料の開示、里見氏の史実(当時の軍記物にもとづく)や安房の地理の解説のほか、著者の失明の事実が明かされ、筆記者お路への慰労の言葉が書かれている。
- In the afterword, Bakin disclosed reference materials that he had relied upon, to explain about the historic facts concerning the Satomi family (based on gunkimono or war chronicles, prevailing in those days) and geography of Awa, revealed the fact that he had lost his eyesight, and said a word of appreciation for Omichi, who had transcribed the story for him.
- 平安後期に、上皇が治天の君(事実上の君主)として君臨し、政務にあたる院政が開始すると、院庁は、治天の政治意思を表明・具現化するための重要な政務機関へと変貌した。
- When Insei that the Retired Emperor reigned as Chiten no kimi, a factual monarch, and performed government affairs started in the late Heian period, In no cho changed to an important political institution to express and embody Chiten's political wills.
- それを深く恨んだ研究会は、茶話会の非協力が清浦の内閣総理大臣就任を妨害したとして決別した(ただし、これを裏付ける事実はなく、研究会側の言いがかりとされている)。
- Kenkyukai held grudge against it and broke away from Sawakai, saying that Sawakai's noncooperation prevented KIYOURA from becoming a prime minister (but it is considered to be a false accusation because there were no facts that supported the case.)
- また班田収授法の実施が平安時代以降行えなくなった事実のほうこそ公地公民制の崩壊への影響はより大きく、あるいは最初から公地公民制は不徹底だったという説も存在する。
- Also there is a theory that the very fact that enforcement of the Handen Shuju Ho (the law of periodic reallocations of rice land) could not be carried out after the Heian period had more effect on the collapse of the Kochi-komin Sei, or that the Kochi-komin Sei was not thoroughly carried out from the beginning.
- 電子債権記録業の継続に著しい支障を来すことなく弁済期にある債務を弁済することができない事態又は破産手続開始の原因となる事実の生ずるおそれがあると認められるとき。
- In the case where it is likely that it is unable to pay its debts when due without materially impeding the continuity of Electronic Monetary Claims Recording Business, or that a fact constituting a cause of bankruptcy is going to happen.
- 前年分の所得について同年分の所得税が課される場合における当該所得に係る次に掲げる金額(当該金額が百万円を超える場合にあっては、当該金額及びその基因となった事実)
- Amounts listed below pertaining to the incomes in the previous year in case an income tax for the same year is imposed on them (the amount and the fact of the basic cause if the amount exceeds 1,000,000 yen)
- 陰謀が事実であったかは定かでないが、これにより清盛は延暦寺との望まぬ軍事衝突を回避することができ、後白河は多くの近臣を失い、政治発言権を著しく低下させてしまった。
- It is not clear whether there was an actual conspiracy, but Kiyomori was able to prevent a military confrontation with the Enryaku-ji Temple that he did not want and Goshirakawa lost many close aides and political power.
- 本作では、2人の関係を知った和尚と父の伝吉の苦悩、おぞましい事実を知らずに来世での幸福を夢見て和尚の刃に果てる2人の悲劇を絡ませて、劇の内容に深みを持たせている。
- In this program, the incestuous affair makes the play richer and more interesting by describing the agony of Osho and their father, Denkichi, who found out about their relationship, and the tragedy of the two who dream about living together happily ever after in the next life and die by the sword of Osho without realizing the terrible truth.
- 朝鮮側の強い反対があったものの、日本の公使花房義質が日朝間を頻繁に往来して、ついには1880年12月漢城に公使館を設置し長期滞在して既成事実化することで決着した。
- Despite of strong protest by Korean side, Yoshitomo HANABUSA, a ministry of Japan frequently visited Korea, finally placed a legation in Hanseong in December 1880 and stayed there for long period, so that he became a virtual ministry in Korea.
- ところが、戸水は金井・寺尾と連名でポーツマス条約に反対する上奏文を宮内省に対して提出したため、久保田は東京帝国大学総長の山川健次郎を依願免職の形で事実上更迭した。
- However, Kubota virtually replaced President of Tokyo Imperial University Kenjiro YAMAKAWA in the form of dismissal at his request because Tomizu submitted a report against Treaty of Portsmouth in the joint names with Kanai and Terao to the throne.
- そのため北畠親房が関東にいた時期に執筆がなされており、手元にある僅かな資料だけを参照に書いているため、(当時知られていた)歴史的事実に関しての間違いも散見される。
- As a result, it is thought Chikafusa KITABATAKE wrote it while he was in the Kanto, and used only what few references he had on hand in writing it, which explains the errors and misrepresentations seen here and there concerning true historical events (as they were understood in those days).
- 「葵」巻の中に末摘花のことを指しているとされる一節があるなど、玉鬘系の人物が紫上系の巻に現れるといった点などの武田説の主張の根拠の事実認識に誤りがあるとするもの。
- There was an error in recognizing the facts in the background that supported the TAKEDA theory: for example, the lines that characters in the Tamakazura series appear in the chapters of the Murasaki no Ue series, such as Suetsumuhana in the chapter on 'Aoi.'
- これは事実上韓国の通信事業を強制的に吸収したにもかかわらず、記念切手の題目のように「合同」すなわち対等合併したことを、ことさら示そうとしたとの指摘がなされている。
- It is said to have intended to emphasize on '合同' (joint) and equal merger, as the title of the stamp says, despite Japan forcibly absorbed Korean Communication service.
- 両法令は公地公民制の基盤を覆す性格をもったことは確かだが、動機としては班田(口分田)を確保することによって律令体制の立て直しを図ったものであったことも事実である。
- These two laws were no doubt intended to undermine the basis of the kochi komin system, but it was a fact that they aimed to rebuild the ritsuryo system by securing handen (also known as kubunden - the land given to each farmer in the Ritsuryo system).
- また、紛争勃発直前の会合で研究所・府連・全同教関係者を含めた「五人委員会」が発足していた事実を明らかにし、この委員会が管理権を持っており、研究所にはないと論じた。
- Also, they showed the fact that in the meeting just before the conflict, the 'Five Members Committee' consisted of the Instutute, the Kyoto Federation and the Zendokyo related members had been established, and argued the custodial right of the Hall was owned by the committee, and not owned by the Institute.
- しかし、江戸時代中期以降、太平の時代に入ると、軍事機密の意味は無くなり、慢性的な財政難のため、家臣が禄を離れることは、枢要な人物で無い限り事実上自由になっていた。
- From the mid-Edo Period to the Taihei Period, military secrecy was no longer needed and ongoing financial difficulty made it possible for vassals to leave, unless they served in key positions.
- 破産者が破産債権者を害することを知ってした行為。ただし、これによって利益を受けた者が、その行為の当時、破産債権者を害する事実を知らなかったときは、この限りでない。
- An act conducted by the bankrupt while knowing that it would prejudice bankruptcy creditors; provided, however, that this shall not apply where the person who has benefited from said act did not know, at the time of the act, the fact that it would prejudice any bankruptcy creditor.
- 委員会は、事故等調査を行うため必要があると認めるときは、国土交通大臣に対し、事故等についての事実の調査又は物件の収集の援助その他の必要な援助を求めることができる。
- The Board may, when it finds necessary for carrying out investigation of an accident, etc., request the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism to give assistance in fact finding of an accident, etc., or collecting materials, or other necessary assistances.
- その一方で、2007年現在も神戸市の福原 (神戸市)と並び、関西では屈指のソープランド街を形成しており、風俗街が温泉街の集客力の一部を担っていることも事実ではある。
- On the other side, the red-light area is one of the biggest special bathhouse (brothel) areas in Kansai region along with the one in Fukuhara, Kobe City, and it is also true that the red-light area plays a role in attracting guests for the hot springs resort area.
- 無形文化遺産保護条約に基づく「人類の無形文化遺産の代表的な一覧表」に掲載されており、2009年9月に予定される初の登録での世界無形遺産への登録が事実上確定している。
- Based upon the Law governing the Protection of Intangible Cultural Properties, it has been published in the representative list of 'human's intangible cultural properties,' and in fact, it has already been decided to be the first intangible world property to be registered in September, 2009.
- It is on 'The Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity,' which is based on Convention for the Safeguarding Intangible Cultural Heritage, and it is almost guaranteed to be registered as the first World Intangible Heritage in September 2009.
- It also is listed in 'Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity' based on Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, and it is practically certain to be registered as an intangible cultural asset at the first registration scheduled for September, 2009.
- さらに、佐賀県吉野ヶ里遺跡や福岡県筑紫野隈・西小田遺跡などでは、中期前葉の男性甕棺数が女性の倍にも達する事実は男性が戦闘に参加する機会が多いことを示すと考えられる。
- Moreover, the fact that a number of kamekan (earthenware jar-coffin) for males excavated at the Yoshinogari site at Saga Prefecture and Kuma/Nishioda site at Chikushi City, Fukuoka Prefecture is double the number of female's, which is interpreted as the males had more occasion to join in battle.
- 事実、『隋書』にあり『日本書紀』に記述がない第一回目の遣隋使(名前の記述なし)の記事には、倭国の倭王が天と日を兄と弟としていた(「俀王以天爲兄 以日爲弟」)とある。
- In fact, according to the record of the first Japanese envoy to the Sui Dynasty in China, which was not written in the Nihonshoki, but in the Suishu, the King of Wa took the Heavens and the Sun as brothers.
- 「有色人種の小国が白人の大国に勝ったという前例のない事実が、アジアやアフリカの植民地になっていた地域の独立の気概に弾みをつけたり人種差別下にあった人々を勇気付けた」
- The unprecedented victory of a small country of yellow people over a large country of white people has galvanized the spirit of people seeking independence across the colonies throughout Asia and Africa.'
- これは事実上徳川幕藩体制による大政委任の継続を承認したと言えるもので、王政復古の大号令は取り消されなかったものの、慶喜の主張が完全に認められたものに他ならなかった。
- This statement was practically interpreted as approving the continuation of Yoshinobu's delegation of the government under the system of the Tokugawa Shogunate and although the Decree of the Restoration of Imperial Rule was not negated, it was clearly taken as acknowledgement of Yoshinobu's contention.
- この中には院政を行わなかった後陽成上皇を先例とする(院政の否定)事、五摂家当主による合議制を事実上の朝廷の最高意思決定機関とする事などを取り決めた(『東武実録』)。
- This memorandum included the rules that the emperor should make a precedent of the retired Emperor Goyozei who did not rule as the cloistered emperor (denial of a cloister government) and that the council system operated by the heads of Gosekke (five top Fujiwara families whose members were eligible for the positions of Sessho and Kanpaku) should be virtually the supreme decision-making body of the imperial court ('Tobujitsuroku').
- 以後、幸徳井家は興福寺と事実上の主従関係を結び、その力を背景に南都社寺への日時勘申を初め、陰陽師・声聞師の監督など南都に関する陰陽道・暦道に関する全てを取り仕切った。
- The KOTOKUI family formed a lord-and-vassal relationship with the Kofuku-ji Temple, and backed by the temple's influence, controlled all things concerning the Onmyodo-Rekido of Nanto including Nichiji Kanjin (a way of divining something according to the time and day) to the shrines and temples as well as supervision of the Onmyoji (a master of Yin yang) and the Shomonji (a group of itinerant performers whose work encompassed both non-performance activites and religious rituals).
- しかし、平安後期に太上天皇が治天の君(事実上の国王)として君臨し、政務を取り仕切る院政が開始すると、詔勅や太政官符に代わる、政治意思の表示方式を確立する必要が生じた。
- However, in the later Heian period, when the Insei political system started, where the retired emperor took power and administered all affairs of state as a de facto emperor, it was required to establish a way to express its own political will instead of Daijokanpu.
- 源義朝が相馬御厨を寄進しえたということは、単なる書類上のことだけではなくて、現地での徴税の請負の意味をもっていた以上、事実上の在地支配を離れて可能であったはずはない。
- He also discusses that since the fact that MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo could donate Soma-mikuriya, it was not just a piece of paper and indicated a contract for the local collection of tax, and the donation could not have been made independently from the de facto land ruling.
- 西島安則総長時代の1989年(平成元年)春、京大当局(河合隼雄学生部長)と吉田寮自治会の間で合意が成立し、西寮の取り壊しなどと引き換えに事実上「在寮期限」は撤廃さた。
- In 1989 when Yasunori NISHIJIMA was the president, the authority of Kyoto University (dean of students Hayao KAWAI) and the council of Yoshida dormitory agreed to demolish the west building in exchange for the abolition of the 'time limit.'
- 他の舞事・働事とちがって、固定した型があるのではなく、曲ごとに異なった型がついており、事実上、働事の分類のうえでほかの項目に入らないものをまとめて立廻りといっている。
- Unlike other mai-goto and hataraki-goto, there is no fixed pattern of movement but each music has its different movement and, virtually, for classification of hataraki-goto, those that do not fall other categories are gathered together and called collectively tachimawari.
- しかし、事実上は日本陸軍はロシア、大日本帝国海軍はアメリカ合衆国を仮想敵国とする事態は変わらず、その国防思想を統一するという当初の狙いは不十分にしか達成されなかった。
- However, in fact, the situation never changed in which the Japanese Army considered Russia as the imagined enemy and the Imperial Japanese Navy considered the United States of America as the imagined enemy, and therefore the original intentions to unify the ideas of national defense was achieved imperfectly.
- これは蓮如が一番危惧していた本願寺宗門の「反体制」視につながりかねない出来事であり、事実室町幕府征夷大将軍である足利義尚は本願寺を討伐することも検討したとされている。
- This was an incident which could lead to the 'antiestablishment' movement against the Hongan-ji sect, which was what Rennyo feared most, and in fact Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA, Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdued the barbarians') of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) is said to have considered subduing Hongan-ji Temple.
- しかしながら、有力な支配下豪族や他国の領主との外交においては、有力家臣を「取り次ぎ役」することは当時としては一般的であり、単なる伝令とするのは事実誤認との指摘もある。
- However, at that time, it was ordinary to have a powerful retainer play the role of the 'messenger,' in negotiations with powerful local clans under control or with lords of other provinces, and therefore, it is pointed out as well that it would not be correct to consider him simply as an orderly officer.
- 主宰者は、聴聞の審理の経過を記載した調書を作成し、当該調書において、不利益処分の原因となる事実に対する当事者及び参加人の陳述の要旨を明らかにしておかなければならない。
- The presiding official shall prepare a record of the proceedings of the hearing, and the record shall clearly indicate the gist of the statements raised by parties and intervenors with regard to the facts upon which the anticipated Adverse Disposition will be based.
- 俘囚という地位は、辺境の人を下位に置こうとする朝廷の態度が作ったものであるが、俘囚たちは無税の条件を基盤に、前記の事実上の交易をも利用して、大きな力を得るようになった。
- Although Fushu was a position created by the Imperial Court who intended to set frontiersmen at the lower rank, they gradually gained power based on their tax-free condition and through the trading system, as mentioned earlier.
- そのほかの演歌の他国における受容を見てみると、アフリカのエチオピアにおける国歌やポップスがヨナ抜き音階や歌唱法などの点で日本の演歌に酷似しているという事実があげられる。
- Other examples of acceptance of enka music in other countries include the fact that the national anthem and pops of Ethiopia, Africa, are very similar to Japanese enka songs in terms of yona nuki scale and singing style.
- 定家の日記『明月記』にはしばしば内親王に関する記事が登場し、特に薨去の前後にはその詳細な病状が記されていることから、両者の関係が相当に深いものであったことは事実である。
- It is true that the relationship between the Imperial Princess and Teika was close, since there was a detailed description in Teika's diary, 'Meigetsuki' of the Princess's health just before and after she died.
- 日本の場合摂政と似ているが、摂政の場合、天皇が同時に存在しているが、称制の場合は、天皇がいない(称制している本人が事実上の天皇か天皇に準ずる存在)のが大きな違いである。
- In Japan, it is similar to Sessho (regency) although the Emperor also exist with the Sessho, the big difference between Sessho and Shosei is there is no Emperor in case of Shosei (the one who rules Shosei is practically the Emperor or a person who has political control equivalent to Emperor).
- なお、義絶もほぼ同一であるが、父母(祖父母)側は内外にその事実を公表して証拠となる義絶状を作成すること、子(孫)が犯罪を犯しても連座の対象にならないことに違いがあった。
- 義絶 (gizetsu or disownment) was almost the same except that parent(s) or grandparent(s) should disclose the fact inside and outside the family and make an epistle of disownment as a proof and that they were excluded from complicity in a crime even if their child (or a grandchild) committed a crime.
- しかし、短歌の世界では対象の捉え方を、叙景歌(自然の風景等を詠んだ歌)、叙事歌(事実をありのままに述べた歌)、抒情歌(感情、感動を述べ表した歌)という分け方をしてきた。
- However, in the world of tanka poetry, people have divided poems into the following groups: scenic poetry (poems composed on natural scenery), descriptive poetry (poems describing a fact as is), and lyrical poetry (poems express people's feelings and emotions).
- 東京大学総合図書館蔵、南葵文庫の『梶川日記』によれば、刃傷のときに浅野が「この間の遺恨覚えたか」などと叫んだ事実はなく、ただわめきながらいきなり斬り付けたとなっている。
- According to Nankibunko's 'Kajikawa Nikki' (Kajikawa's Diary) owned by General Library, The University of Tokyo, there is no record of Asano shouting 'do you know what this revenge is for?' at the moment of the incident, and it says that he, all of a sudden, slashed at Kira while screaming.
- 桓武朝では式家一族は重用され、宇合四男の藤原田麻呂は事実上の臣下最高位であった左大臣にまで昇進し、三男藤原清成の子である藤原種継は長岡京造営の事業を一任されるなどした。
- During the Emperor Kanmu period, family members of Fujiwara Shikike were appointed to important positions; FUJIWARA no Tamaro, the forth son of Umakai, was promoted to Sadaijin (Minister of the left) which was practically the highest position among vassals, while FUJIWARA no Tanetsugu, son of Umakai's third son FUJIWARA no Kiyonari, was in charge of building Nagaoka-kyo (Japan's short-lived eighth century capital).
- 裁判所は、破産手続開始の申立てがあった場合において、破産手続開始の原因となる事実があると認めるときは、次の各号のいずれかに該当する場合を除き、破産手続開始の決定をする。
- Where a petition for commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is filed, the court, when it finds a fact constituting the grounds for the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, shall make an order of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, except in any of the cases listed in the following items:
- 法第三百十二条(上告の理由)第二項各号に掲げる事由があることを理由とする上告の場合における上告の理由の記載は、その条項及びこれに該当する事実を示してしなければならない。
- In cases of filing a final appeal by reason of the existence of any of the grounds listed in the items of paragraph (2) of Article 312 (Reasons for Final Appeal) of the Code, the reasons for the final appeal shall be stated by indicating the applicable provisions and the fact that falls under such provisions.
- 914年、三善清行は「意見十二箇条」の第4条で大学寮の荒廃ぶりを記しているが、前後の史料を見る限り学生数の減少などの大学寮そのものの荒廃を裏付ける事実は確認されていない。
- In 914, Kiyoyuki MIYOSHI pointed out the deterioration of Daigaku-ryo in Article four of his 'Iken Junikajo' (12 opinions), but evidence that confirms the deterioration of Daigaku-ryo itself, such as a drop in the number of students, cannot be found in historical materials prior to or after the opinions.
- 本来なら治天が次代の治天を指名するべきところ、その指名を幕府に委ねたという事実は、治天の権威が低下しただけでなく、治天の権限の一部を幕府が代行していたことも意味している。
- Originally Chiten would have appointed the next successor to the position, but the authority to appoint the successor was requested to the bakufu, this proved that Chiten's authority became weak and the bakufu partly acted to use the authority of Chiten.
- これにより李氏朝鮮がロシアの保護国と見なされる危険性もあったと考え、日本は朝鮮への影響力を維持するため1897年に大韓帝国と国号を改めて独立の事実を明確にさせようとした。
- Believing this posed the risk that the Yi Dynasty Korea might be regarded as a Russian protected state, Japan tried to clarify the fact of its independence by changing its name to the Korean Empire in order to maintain Japan's clout on Korea in 1897.
- 第2条では、天皇の国政に関する顧問は所管大臣と次官に限定した(元田の存在は例外であったが、専門の教育問題や天皇の個人的な問題以外での発言は事実上封じられることになった)。
- The Article 2 limited Emperor's national political advisors to the ministers and the vice-ministers having jurisdiction over the issues in question (Motoda was an exception but he was effectively forbidden to talk about other than education, his specialty, or Emperor's private problems).
- 『続日本紀』に「誣告」と記載されていることから、同書が成立した平安時代初期の朝廷日本の朝廷内では、長屋王が無実の罪を着せられたことが公然の事実となっていたと想定されている。
- Since the words 'false accusation' appeared in 'Shoku Nihongi', it is considered that it was an open secret in the imperial court in the early Heian period in which the chronicle was composed, that Prince Nagaya was falsely charged.
- 阿波守護家から迎えた勝久の養子である之勝(細川義春)は、実兄・政之の死に伴い後に阿波守護家に戻ったため、勝久の系統がその後守護に就任することはなく、事実上守護家は断絶した。
- Yukikatsu (Yoshiharu HOSOKAWA), Katsuhisa's adopted child from the Shugo family of Awa, returned to the Shugo family of Awa, as his real older brother Masayuki died, therefore, the line of Katsuhisa did not take a position of Shugo after that, and the Shugo family was practically ended.
- 近衛大将・大臣を兼任し、最高は太政大臣まで昇進できる家(ただし、江戸時代には太政大臣の就任要件として摂政・関白経験者に限られたために、清華家は左大臣が事実上の極官となる)。
- The family concurrently served Konoe Taisho general and was thus promoted to grand minister of state (however, since the requirement for taking the position of grand minister of state in the Edo period was the person who had served as regent or chief advisor to the Emperor, the highest official rank the Seiga family could attain was that of minister of the left).
- 後嵯峨の父は、父の後鳥羽に疎んじられて承久の乱の際も中立を守った土御門天皇であるが、このことが幕府の賛意を得ることになり、事実上、後嵯峨の皇位継承は幕府が決定したと言える。
- Emperor Gosaga's father, Emperor Tsuchimikado, was treated coldly by his own father, Emperor Gotoba, took a neutral position at the Jokyu Disturbance, it made a good impression on the Kamakura bakufu and practically all the bakufu approved Emperor Gosaga's Imperial succession to the throne.
- 事実、源氏に生まれたものの頼朝の政治的な思惑により生まれ、確立さされていった源氏嫡流の地位は、最終的には徳川将軍家が天下を平定するにあたり、政治的に利用されることとなった。
- In fact, the status as the direct descendant of the Minamoto clan, which was created out of political consideration by Yoritomo who was born into the Minamoto family, and became established, was used politically in the end by the Tokugawa shogun family in order to conquer the country.
- 第2次長州征伐実施のために事実上の幕府軍の拠点となっていた大坂において兵糧米確保が行われたこともあいまって、慶応2年には更に10年前の米価の10倍の水準にまで跳ね上がった。
- In the face of the blockade, the Edo bakufu started to secure rice stockpiling in Osaka, where the bakufu was placing its substantial stronghold for the second Choshu Expedition, and this caused the surge of the rice price even ten times as high as a decade before in Osaka.
- 更に大久保は当時はまだ表にする事は避けていたものの、贋貨整理の過程で自分の出身である薩摩藩が秘かに贋貨を作っていた事実が内外に明らかになった時の反響を危惧していたのである。
- Furthermore, OKUBO was still avoiding to reveal this at the time, but he was apprehensive about the response when the fact was made clear during the disposing process of counterfeit money that his own domain, the Satsuma Domain, was secretly making counterfeit money.
- 六角氏は六角定頼が当主(あるいは陣代)の時代、北近江の戦国大名であった浅井氏を事実上の支配下に置き、さらに室町幕府からも管領代の地位を与えられるなどして全盛期を迎えていた。
- When Sadayori ROKKAKU was the family head (or Jindai, a deputy whose role was to proceed to battlefield on behalf of his load during the Muromachi period thereafter), Rokkaku clan entered into the height of its prosperity such as dominating in effect the Azai clan who was the warring load of Kita Omi Province and being granted the post of Kanrei-dai (representative of a shogunal deputy) by Muromachi Shougunate.
- それでも鎌倉には「尚逐日可有合戦之由」と、再び合戦が起こるという風聞が飛び交う緊張した状況が続き、定例の評定は事実上流会となり、京の公家には「関東しづかならず」と書かれる。
- Even with the efforts, the rumor that a war might occur again any time, for example, the saying that 'A war may occur any day,' was circulated in Kamakura, with a tense situation remaining and with regular council meetings not being held virtually, and kuge (court nobles) in Kyoto wrote that 'Kanto was not quiet.'
- 日本の江戸時代においては、金貨(小判)、銀貨(丁銀)、そして小額貨幣として銭貨がそれぞれ事実上の本位貨幣として無制限通用を認められるという、いわゆる三貨制度が存在していた。
- In the Edo period, there was Sanka seido (Tokugawa coinage) in which Koban (oval gold coins), Chogin (silver coins), and Senka (small coins) were unlimitedly passable as standard coins in effect.
- 寄託物について権利を主張する第三者が受寄者に対して訴えを提起し、又は差押え、仮差押え若しくは仮処分をしたときは、受寄者は、遅滞なくその事実を寄託者に通知しなければならない。
- If a third party asserting rights with respect to the Thing deposited has brought a lawsuit against the depositary, or has effected an attachment, provisional attachment, or provisional disposition, the depositary must notify the depositor of that fact without delay.
- この法律において「統計調査」とは、行政機関等が統計の作成を目的として個人又は法人その他の団体に対し事実の報告を求めることにより行う調査をいう。ただし、次に掲げるものを除く。
- The term 'statistical surveys' as used in this Act means surveys conducted by administrative organs, etc. by requesting individuals or juridical persons, or other organizations to report facts for the purpose of producing statistics; provided, however, that the following shall be excluded:
- 養老律令詐偽律には、詔の作成や奏事・上書において事実と異なることを行った者を徒罪2年とするとされ、平安時代末期の公家法を伝える『法曹至要抄』でも重罪の1つとして説かれている。
- Yoro ritsuryo code (code promulgated in the Yoro period) Sagi-ritsu (rules against falsity) prescribes that the person who made a statement different from the fact in the preparation of an imperial decree or soji (reports to be submitted to the emperor through Daijokan [Grand Council of State]) and josho (letters and/or documents to be submitted to the emperor) is sentenced 2-year imprisonment, and also it is stated as one of serious crimes in 'Hossoshiyosho' (The Essentials for the Judiciary) (a legal book compiled by the Sakanoue clan between the end of Heian period and the early Kamakura period) which describes the kugeho (court noble law, laws issued by the imperial court) at the end of Heian period.
- 財閥本社社長たる歴代吉左衛門の仕事は、究極的には財閥の事実上の最高権力者である住友本社(住友合資会社)総理事の信認に尽きるといってよく、個々の事業に口を差し挟む事はなかった。
- All the duties of the successive Kichizaemon as president of the zaibatsu (main company) are the repository of trust in the head of the directors of the main Sumitomo company (Sumitomo Limited Partnership Corporation); therefore, the successive Kichizaemon did not give any specific orders to the individual businesses.
- それでも証如の祖父・蓮淳に対する信頼は絶対的であり、蓮淳も証如が没する4年前まで長寿を保った事から証如の法主時代の本願寺は事実上蓮淳によって統治されていたとまで言われている。
- Despite that, Shonyo had complete trust in his grandfather Renjun who secured longevity until four years before Shonyo's death, so it is even said that Hongan-ji Temple was virtually controlled by Renjun while Shonyo was the head of the sect.
- その教団は諸子百家の一家となって儒家となり、徳による王道で天下を治めるべきであり、同時代の武力による覇道を批判し、事実、そのように歴史が推移してきたとする徳治主義を主張した。
- The religious community became a school of Shoshi hyakka (The Various Masters of the 100 Schools: Thinkers of Ancient China) as Ju-ka (Confucianist), and advocated the principle of rule by virtue of the sovereignty, which believed the country should be governed by the rule of virtue, criticizing the rule by military power and plots in those days, and claiming that in fact, history had progressed in such ways.
- 請負人は、第六百三十四条又は第六百三十五条の規定による担保の責任を負わない旨の特約をしたときであっても、知りながら告げなかった事実については、その責任を免れることができない。
- Even if the contractor agrees to a special agreement to the effect that the contractor will not be liable for the warranty provided in Article 634 or Article 635, the contractor may not be released from the contractor's liability with respect to facts the contractor knew and did not disclose.
- 監査、検査、取締り、試験又は租税の賦課若しくは徴収に係る事務に関し、正確な事実の把握を困難にするおそれ又は違法若しくは不当な行為を容易にし、若しくはその発見を困難にするおそれ
- Risk of making it difficult to understand accurately facts concerning affairs pertaining to audits, inspections, supervision, examinations, or imposition or collection of tax, or facilitating illegal or wrongful acts regarding such affairs, or making it difficult to discover such acts
- Risk of making it difficult to understand accurately facts concerning affairs pertaining to audits, inspections, supervision, examinations, or imposition or collection of tax, or facilitating wrongful acts regarding such affairs, or making it difficult to discover such acts.
- 多数の裏切りを出した背景には、九州の諸豪族を軒並み味方につけて大軍を組織してはいても、その大半は南朝方有利の情勢を見て是非なく菊池武敏に味方した者であったという事実が存在する。
- One reason for the betrayal by many warriors was that even though Kikuchi's side led a large force allied with almost all the powerful clans in Kyushu, most of them regarded the Southern Court side as superior and sided with Taketoshi KIKUCHI.
- 前者は首里手となり、後者は那覇手となったとするのが一般的な解釈であるが、上記二派は中国でもその存在が確認されておらず、どの程度歴史的事実であったのかは、疑問の残るところである。
- It is widely accepted that the former became Shuri-te and the latter became Naha-te, but considering that the existence of those two schools hasn't been confirmed in China, the historical validity of this account has yet to be established.
- ところが編纂の翌年の黒船来航などで内外の情勢が混乱して施行が先延ばしされ、続いて阿部や遠山が急死して保守派の井伊直弼が実権を握った事もあって「赦律」は事実上葬り去られてしまう。
- One year after the compilation started, however, the domestic and foreign situation became turbulent due to the arrival of the black ships and it postponed taking the law into effect, then Abe and Toyama died suddenly and the conservative Naosuke II seized the power, and as a result the law on pardon was practically consigned to oblivion.
- 事実であれば通説よりも早い発行であるが、水野氏備後福山藩・結城藩水野家が廃絶する前に正貨である銀貨との兌換が行われ、ほぼ全てが回収されたとあり、伝来するものがなく確認できない。
- Even if the common belief was correct, there is no proof of that because almost all of the han bills were collected and exchanged for silver coins before the Mizuno clan of Bingo-fukuyama Domain and the Mizuno family of Yuki Domain died out.
- 冒頭の作者署名に右京大夫と官名が記されており、明衡が右京大夫に任官した記録は他にないが、事実とすればこれが彼の極官であったことから、晩年の作であろうとする見解が多いだけである。
- He signed his name and official title of Ukyo no Daibu (Right City Commissioner) on the first page of the book, and if it is true, although there is no record of his being appointed as Ukyo no Daibu, it would be his final title, which is the only reason why many people suppose that the work was written in his later years.
- 更に戦後の一時期において唱えられた雑戸を中世の賎民の源流とする説は成立しがたく、雑戸制度の実質は天平16年の時点で事実上廃止され、以後は名目化の一途をたどっていったと思われる。
- Additionally, the theory advocated at one time after the war that senmin in the medieval period has its roots in zakko is far from true, and it is presumed that zakko system was effectively abolished in 744 and had become nominal ever since.
- これに対応するために与力の嫡子を見習名目で職務に当たらせて給銀だけを与える事で与力の数を事実上水増ししたり、本来は町役人の元締であった町代に事務業務を委任したりするようになった。
- To cope with the realignments, the number of yoriki was effectively padded by assigning children of yoriki to such duties as paid trainees, and the administrative work was outsourced to Machi-dai who used to be the head of town officials.
- しかし、改税約書違反の悪質な金貨を鋳造していた事実が明らかとなったために諸外国からの抗議を受け、明治政府が太政官札への全面切り替えと造幣局 (日本)建設を決めたために廃止された。
- However, because the fact that kin-za was casting inferior gold coins in violation of kaizei-yakusho (revised agreement on trade attached to the Ansei Five-Power Treaties) was revealed, it met with protests by many foreign countries and kin-za was abolished because the Meiji Government decided full switchover to dajokansatsu (government note) and construction of the mint bureau.
- また江戸時代の藩は,半独立国的存在であったことを考えれば,現代においてパスポートを取得して海外旅行に行くようなもので,事実上届出さえすれば自由に旅行は可能であったとの見方もある。
- However, according to a different theory, people were actually able to travel without restraint as long as they made notification, which is like traveling abroad after getting a passport in modern times, considering the fact that domains in the Edo period were like semi-independent states..
- 不法行為について外国法によるべき場合において、当該外国法を適用すべき事実が日本法によれば不法とならないときは、当該外国法に基づく損害賠償その他の処分の請求は、することができない。
- In the case where a tort shall be governed by a foreign law, if facts to which the foreign law should be applied do not constitute a tort under Japanese law, no claim under the foreign law may be made for damages or any other remedies.
- しかし、旧侯爵家としては事実上の断絶状態にあるとする記述も見受けられ、またいわゆる松平氏の子孫で構成される徳川・松平一門の会にも、現19代当主は会員と認められていないとの説もある。
- However, it is mentioned in some cases that the Kishu Marquis family in reality became extinct, and also there exists a view that the 19th family head has not been recognized as a member of the Tokugawa and Matsudaira family association, which was formed by descendents of the Matsudaira clan.
- 証如の子、第11代顕如のとき、事実上、自立した大名権力となっていた本願寺教団は、畿内に進出し、宗教勢力から領主権力を奪って統一支配を確立しようとする織田信長と対立することとなった。
- At the period of the eleventh generation, Kennyo, who was a child of Shonyo, the Honganji Buddhist sect that became a virtually independent feudal lordship, expanded its influence into Kinai, which led to the confrontation with Nobunaga ODA, who tried to establish unified control by seizing seigniory from the religious power.
- この政変で道真・善(出雲国権守に左遷)を排斥、変の直後に連座を免れた源希も病死、同じく藤原忠平も政治の中枢から事実上追われることになり、醍醐天皇・藤原時平派の政治的勝利に終わった。
- In the coup, Michizane and Yoshi (who was demoted to vice-governor of Izumo Province) were purged from the government, and immediately after the coup MINAMOTO no Mare, who had managed to avoid any demotion or other penalty, died of illness, while in the same vein, FUJIWARA no Tadahira was--in truth if not in name--ousted from his vital role at the center of government, meaning the coup ended in a decisive political victory for Emperor Daigo and FUJIWARA no Tokihira's faction.
- そのため、上述した事実から「この酒米の種類では大吟醸はできない」といった議論がなされることがあるが、上記のような理由から、それは必ずしもその酒米の良し悪しを序列化するものではない。
- Therefore, given the above facts it is sometimes said that 'Daiginjo can't be produced from this variety of sakamai,' but given the above-described reasons their quality isn't graded as sakamai.
- 日本では、1月1日の元日のみを国民の祝日としているが、実際には少なくとも1月3日までの三箇日(場合によってはそれ以後の数日間も)を「お正月」と呼んで、事実上の祝日と同じ状態となる。
- In Japan, although only New Year's Day, January 1st, is a national holiday, at least the period of sanganichi (the three days) through January 3rd (sometimes including several days following it) is substantially a holiday period, and is actually called 'o-shogatsu' (a polite form of shogatsu).
- そのため、狂言作者は劇場に所属する身分であるものの、大名題は、その中の一人を、恒常的に祝儀をはずんだり日頃の生活の面倒を見るなどして、自己の事実上の専属とすることが一般的であった。
- Kyogen writers themselves belong to a theater, but it was common for them to choose Onadai (a top actor) from among the actors there and make him exclusively work for them by tipping much and giving him financial support.
- しかし、早々に自社製作を事実上中止した同社とは対照的にTV、アニメを含め徹底した自社製作を貫いてきた歴史が長く、世界最大級の映像コンテンツ企業としてポテンシャルが注目を浴びている。
- However, unlike Toho which practically stopped in-house production, Toei has long engaged in original work including TV programs and animation, and it is seen as having great potential to become one of the largest video-content companies in the world.
- 相続回復の請求権は、相続人又はその法定代理人が相続権を侵害された事実を知った時から五年間行使しないときは、時効によって消滅する。相続開始の時から二十年を経過したときも、同様とする。
- If the right to claim for recovery of inheritance is not exercised within five years of the time an heir or his/her legal representative becomes aware of the fact that the inheritance right has been infringed, that right shall be extinguished by prescription. The right shall also be extinguished if twenty years have passed from the time of commencement of inheritance.
- 前条の規定により追認をすることができる時以後に、取り消すことができる行為について次に掲げる事実があったときは、追認をしたものとみなす。ただし、異議をとどめたときは、この限りでない。
- If, after the time when it has become possible to ratify an act pursuant to the provisions of the preceding Article, any of the following events occurs with respect to an act which is otherwise rescindable, it is deemed that ratification has been made, unless any objection is reserved:
- 国土交通大臣は、前項の規定により事故等についての事実の調査の援助を求められた場合において、必要があると認めるときは、その職員に第十八条第二項第四号に掲げる処分をさせることができる。
- When the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism has been required to give assistance in the fact finding of the accident, etc., pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, the Minister may, when he/she finds it necessary have officials of the Ministry take the dispositions listed in item (iv) of paragraph (2) of Article 18.
- これに対しては、即位詔という公式の宣言の中で天皇を無視し、天皇の権威よりも皇太子のほうが優越していたという事実を是認することは穏当ではないとする批判があり、現在では支持されていない。
- Toward this theory, some scholars criticized that it is not appropriate to admit the fact that the dominance of the crown prince over the emperor's authority was advocated in the official oath like the imperial edict, ignoring the presence of the emperor, and nowadays, this theory is not supported.
- こけいし梅林・一目万本・芭蕉句碑 「春もやゝけしきとのふ月と梅」と刻まれているが、松尾芭蕉が月ヶ瀬の地に来た事実を実証する資料は存在せず、本当に芭蕉の句であるか否かははっきりしない。
- Kokeishi Bairin/Hitome Manbon (ten thousand trees at a glance)/Basho's Poem Monument: the monument is inscribed with Basho's poem that reads 'I feel spring has finally come to see beautiful moon and plum flowers,' but there is no record of Basho MATSUO visiting Tsukigase and it is also not clear whether or not the poem was truly created by Basho.
- 江戸は明治維新により東京とされるまで皇居を置かなかったため都ではなかったが、江戸時代には江戸幕府が置かれた事実上の日本の首都(行政首都)であり、日本の政治経済の中心地として発展した。
- Edo did not become the capital until the Meiji Restoration when it was renamed Tokyo because the Imperial Palace was not located there; However, Edo served as the seat of Bakufu authority and thus the defacto capital of Japan (administrative capital) in the Edo period, and developed into a political and economic center of power.
- 研究所は、会館の建設は研究所の事業として行われ、行政当局からの補助金も研究所が受給したことなど、会館完成までの一連の事業を研究所が主導した事実を挙げて研究所が管理権を持つと主張した。
- The Institute of Buraku Problem showed the facts that a series of operations were led by the Institute until the Hall was complete, the Bunkakosei-kaikan Hall construction was performed as the Institute's project, and the Institute received a subsidy from the government and so on, claiming a custodial right for the Institute of Buraku Problem.
- だが、後に厭魅蠱毒事件の続発によって呪禁そのものが危険視されたこと、同様に道教の呪術を取り入れた陰陽道の台頭によって8世紀末頃には事実上廃止され、9世紀には呪禁師の制度自体が消滅した。
- But with the later occurrence of the Enmi kotoku jiken (an incident in which a witch doctor committed murder), jugon itself began to be seen as dangerous, and furthermore the practice of jugon was abandoned by the end of the eighth century due to the rise of onmyodo (the yin-yang arts of magic and divination), which also derived from Daoist incantations; by the dawn of the ninth century, even the institution of jugonshi had disappeared.
- また、この法度を実際に分析すると武家伝奏の位置付けなど朝幕関係のあり方を規定し、幕府への大政委任に法的根拠を与えた事は事実であるが、直接的に朝廷の統制を目的とした条文は存在していない。
- Practical analysis of the law shows that it does not contain any provision for directly controlling the imperial court, although it defines the relationships between the imperial court and the bakufu including the status of buke tenso (liaison officers between the imperial court and the military government) and gave the legal basis for delegating the administration of the country to the bakufu.
- 裁判所は、被告が口頭弁論において原告が主張した事実を争わず、その他何らの防御の方法をも提出しない場合には、前条第三項の規定による書面の送付前であっても、口頭弁論を終結することができる。
- The court, where the defendant does not deny the facts alleged by the plaintiff at oral argument or does not advance any allegations or evidence, may conclude oral argument even before sending the document under the provision of paragraph (3) of the preceding Article.
- これらの例からも、作者や歌手が一部重複しているのは事実であり、この「流行歌」時代に育まれた音楽性や技巧を基にして現在の「演歌」が生まれているので、演歌を語る上で無視は出来ない時代である。
- Because some authors and singers surely belong to both genres as shown by these examples and today's 'enka' music is based on musical characteristics and techniques developed in this 'hit songs' era, the period is indispensable for describing enka music.
- ただし、十七条憲法や大化の改新と同様、文章の内容が後世の装飾であったとしても上表文の存在そのものを否定する材料とまでは言えないとして、552年伝来の事実そのものはあったとする見方もある。
- However, some people say that the fact of the introduction in 552 must be true, because even if there was a modification of contents in later years, it cannot deny the existence of Johyobun itself immediately.
- また、信憑性にはやや欠けるものの、「水鏡」によれば光仁天皇が酒人内親王の立太子を検討していたとも言われ、もしそれが事実ならば桓武天皇やその周辺にとっては警戒すべき相手であったとも言える。
- Although there is no definitive proof as to whether this is true or not, according to the 'Mizukagami' (The Water Mirror), Emperor Konin planned to have Imperial Princess Sakahito become the Crown Princess; if true, this must have made Emperor Kanmu and his circle extremely wary of her.
- 中央の円形枠内には事実上の日本の国章である天皇家の菊花紋章と大韓帝国の国章である李王家の李花紋章(ko대한제국의 국장)が左右同じ高さに置かれて日韓両国の紋章が対等の位置におかれている。
- The Crest of the Chrysanthemum of the Imperial Family, the Japanese national emblem, and Yihwamunjang (대한제국의 국장)of the House of Yi, the national emblem of the Korean Empire was located on the same level within the circle frame in the center, which meant the national emblems of Japan and Korea were treated on the equal footing.
- だが、後に厭魅蠱毒事件の続発によって呪禁そのものが危険視されたこと、同様に道教の呪術を取り入れた陰陽道の台頭によって8世紀末頃には事実上廃止され、9世紀には呪禁博士の制度自体が消滅した。
- But with the later occurrence of the Enmi kotoku jiken (an incident in which a witch doctor committed murder), jugon itself began to be seen as dangerous, and furthermore the practice of jugon was abandoned by the end of the eighth century due to the rise of onmyodo (the yin-yang arts of magic and divination), which also derived from Daoist incantations; by the dawn of the ninth century, even the institution of the jugon hakase had disappeared.
- ただし、ニューヨークのメトロポリタン美術館やロンドンの大英博物館の日本ギャラリーは、中国美術やエジプト美術のギャラリーに比べて規模も小さく、開設時期も比較的新しいということは事実である。
- It is true, however, that the Japanese art gallery of the Metropolitan Museum in New York and that of the British Museum in London are both smaller and newer than their Chinese and Egyptian art galleries.
- 金融商品取引業者等は、第六十四条第一項の規定により登録を受けている外務員について、次の各号のいずれかに該当する事実が生じたときは、遅滞なく、その旨を内閣総理大臣に届け出なければならない。
- When a fact falling under any of the following items emerges with regard to a Sales Representative for whom a Financial Instruments Business Operator, etc. has obtained registration under the provisions of Article 64(1), he/she shall notify the Prime Minister to that effect without delay:
- また、嫡流男系が郷士西山氏や織田(おりた)氏として土着したという記録もあり、これが事実であるとすると嫡流男系は正式な武士としての身分は失ったものの、士分の階層には留まり存続したことになる。
- There is a record that descendants in the direct line of the Oda family were indigenized as goshi (country samurai), the Nishiyama clan and Orita clan, and if it is true, the descendants lost formal samurai status, but stayed in the samurai class and survived.
- しかしながら、狩野派が約4世紀にわたって日本の画壇をリードし、そこから多くの画家が育っていったことも事実であり、良きにつけ悪しきにつけ、狩野派を抜きにして日本の絵画史を語ることはできない。
- However, it is a fact that the Kanoha group led the Japanese art world for about four centuries and that numbers of painters were developed by the group; thus one can hardly discuss the history of Japanese painting but exclude the Kanoha group, whether in positive or negative terms.
- 明徳4年(1393年)に後円融上皇が死去すると、義満はさらに朝廷への影響を強め、事実上の上皇として、後世「義満の院政」などと呼ばれる権力を振るい、後小松はその下でまったくの傀儡に甘んじた。
- Following the death of the Retired Emperor Goenyu in 1393, Yoshimitsu had even stronger power to influence the Imperial Palace and took control of the politics as an actual retired emperor; in later years it was called 'Yoshimitsu's cloister government,' while Emperor Gokomatsu acted as the tool of another person.
- 第百六十七条第二項に規定する消滅時効の期間は、継続的でなく行使される地役権については最後の行使の時から起算し、継続的に行使される地役権についてはその行使を妨げる事実が生じた時から起算する。
- The period of the extinctive prescription provided for in paragraph (2) of Article 167 shall commence upon the final exercise of the servitude if the servitude is not exercised continuously, and upon the occurrence of a fact that prevents the exercise of the servitude if the servitude is exercised continuously.
- 主宰者は、最初の聴聞の期日の冒頭において、行政庁の職員に、予定される不利益処分の内容及び根拠となる法令の条項並びにその原因となる事実を聴聞の期日に出頭した者に対し説明させなければならない。
- The presiding official shall, at the outset of the first date of the hearing, direct officials of the administrative agency concerned to explain to the persons who have appeared there: the contents of the anticipated Adverse Disposition, and the underlying provisions of laws and regulations, and the facts upon which the Adverse Disposition will be based.
- 岡野友彦は平氏側の拠点となった伊賀国六箇山の領家が平光盛(平頼盛の子)であった事実と杉橋隆夫が唱えた牧宗親・池禅尼兄弟説(すなわち平賀朝雅の義母牧の方と平頼盛を従兄弟とする)を採用している。
- Tomohiko OKANO adopted the fact that the ryoke (virtual proprietor of manor) of Mt. Rokka in Iga Province, where the base of the Taira clan lay, was TAIRA no Mitsumori (son of TAIRA no Yorimori) and Takao SUGIHASHI's theory that Munechika MAKI was Ike no zenni's brother, that is, Maki no Kata, who was Tomomasa's mother-in-law, was TAIRA no Yorimori's cousin.
- 逆に、渡米後も米国市民権を取得しなかった(あるいはできなかった)が、永住権を得て生活基盤をアメリカに置き、「事実上のアメリカ人」として生涯の大半を過ごした者については、これを例外的に含めた。
- On the other hand, included below are those who did not (or could not) obtain U.S. citizenship after living in the U.S. for some time, spending more than half of their lives as permanent residents, i.e. 'virtual Americans.'
- 証拠調べ又は調停事件以外の民事事件若しくは行政事件における事実の調査その他の行為を裁判所外でする場合に必要な裁判官及び裁判所書記官の旅費及び宿泊料で、証人の例により算定したものに相当する金額
- the amount of travel expenses and accommodation charges for a judge and a court clerk as necessary in cases where the judge and court clerk conduct, an out of court examination of evidence or an examination of facts or any other act in a civil case other than a conciliation case or an administrative case, equivalent to such amount as calculated by the same rule as that applicable to a witness.
- これは京都の舞妓の項にも記述がある通りに単なる憧れや一職業としてホステスやコンパニオン感覚で入門した場合にその世界の厳しさや労働と賃金との対価が納得できずに辞めてしまう者も事実、多数存在する。
- As mentioned in the section for Maiko in Kyoto, after becoming apprentice geigi out of superficial longing or by interpreting geigi to be another profession such as hostess of a club or companion girl, in fact, many of them quit due to the competitiveness of the world of geigi and they cannot accept the relationship between labor and pay.
- 桂・タフト協定および、第2次日英同盟、日露戦争の結果結ばれたポーツマス条約によってロシアにも韓国に対する優越権を認めさせた結果、事実上、列強のすべての国が大韓帝国に対する日本の支配権を認めた。
- Due to the Taft-Katsura Agreement, the Second Anglo-Japanese Alliance and the Treaty of Portsmouth made after the Russo-Japanese War, which gave Russia superiority over South Korea, all powerful countries virtually approved that Japan should have dominance in South Korea.
- 『吾妻鏡』の編年が鎌倉時代中期以降とされることからも、この話しは「騎射戦の心得」の伝授に力点があり、事実と断定は出来ないが、しかし物語のような武勇譚が生まれる下地は実際にあったのかもしれない。
- 'Azumakagami' seems to have been compiled after the middle of the Kamakura period and it is difficult to consider this article to be true because it focuses on knowledge on a cavalry battle, but there might have in fact been a basis for generating a heroic episode such as this tale.
- 仮にこの「日記」を『保元』『平治』の物語とおなじと認めた場合でも、『平家物語』の古態本である延慶 (日本)本などにはこの話はなく、本当に清盛生存時の事実を伝えているかどうかはかなり疑問もある。
- Even though it is conceded that this 'diary' is the same as the tales of 'Hogen' and 'Heiji,' Enkeibon, which preserves the original form of 'Heike Monogatari' but doesn't contain the same words, it is questioned whether it really tells the truth about the period when Kiyomori was alive.
- 井上と伊藤博文らは日本人がこうした扱いから免れるようになるためには、欧米と同じ文化水準である事を海外に示さない限りはまともな外交交渉の相手としても認められないという事実に気づいていたのである。
- INOUE and Hirobumi ITO found the truth that Japanese could not be recognized as a respectable partner of diplomatic negotiations until they showed the people abroad that they kept the same level of culture as Europe and America to avoid such treatment.
- 日朝で激しいやりとりがあったが、弁理公使花房義質が日朝間を頻繁に往来して、ついには1880年12月漢城に公使館を設置し長期滞在して既成事実化するようになると、朝鮮側も黙認せざるを得なくなった。
- During the severe discussion between the two sides, minister resident Yoshimoto HANABUSA traveled often between Japan and Korea, and finally Japan established a consular office in Hanseong in December 1880, Hanabusa stayed there for a long term to create a fait accompli, and Korea had no choice but to concede.
- 主宰者は、聴聞の終結後速やかに、不利益処分の原因となる事実に対する当事者等の主張に理由があるかどうかについての意見を記載した報告書を作成し、第一項の調書とともに行政庁に提出しなければならない。
- The presiding official shall, promptly after the hearing is concluded, prepare a written report containing his or her opinion as to whether the assertion of the parties, etc. concerning the facts which will be the cause of the anticipated Adverse Disposition are justified, which report shall be submitted to the administrative agency concerned together with the record set forth in paragraph 1 of this Article.
- 国土交通大臣は、事故等が発生したことを知つたときは、直ちに当該事故等について事実の調査、物件の収集その他の委員会が事故等調査を円滑に開始することができるための適切な措置をとらなければならない。
- When the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism has learned of the occurrence of an accident, etc., the Minister shall, in appropriate cases, immediately take such measures as fact finding of the accident, etc. and collection of materials so that the Board can commence investigation of the accident, etc. smoothly.
- 実如はこれに対して永正3年(1506年)1月、下間頼慶を派遣して蓮能・実賢・実順(11男)・実従(13男)を逮捕・追放して、加賀でも本泉寺蓮悟の養子となっていた実悟(10男)が事実上廃嫡された。
- In January 1506, Jitsunyo sent Raikei SHIMOTSUMA to deal with it and either arrested or banished Renno, Jitsugen, Jitsujun (11th son), and Jitsuju (13th son), and in Kaga, Jitsugo (10th son) who had been adopted by Rengo of Honsen-ji Temple was virtually disinherited.
- 破産者が支払不能になった後又は破産手続開始の申立てがあった後にした行為。ただし、債権者が、その行為の当時、次のイ又はロに掲げる区分に応じ、それぞれ当該イ又はロに定める事実を知っていた場合に限る。
- An act conducted by the bankrupt after he/she became unable to pay debts or a petition for commencement of bankruptcy proceedings was filed; provided, however, that this shall apply only where the creditor, at the time of the act, knew either of the facts set forth in (a) or (b) below for the cases listed in (a) or (b), respectively:
- しかし、その跡継ぎ聖武天皇には安積親王薨去後はついに男子の跡継ぎが生まれず、一族藤原氏と他氏貴族との権力闘争などもあいまって、崩御後20年も経たないうちに天武皇統は事実上断絶してしまう事となった。
- Her son, the Emperor Shomu, however, failed to produce single male heir after the Prince Asaka died, which, coupled with power struggle between the Fujiwara family and other noble families, practically led to the extinction of the lineage of the Emperor Tenmu, less than 20 years from the emperor's demise.
- という構成となっており、5-13条は全て儒学を扱う明経道に関連した項目である(そもそも、大学寮設置時には、後の明経道に相当する本科と算道に相当する算科しか事実上存在していなかったとみられている)。
- Articles 5 to13 were all related to Myogyodo that dealt with Confucianism (after all, it is thought that at the time of establishing Daigakuryo only a regular course corresponding to later Myokyodo and sanka corresponding to arithmetic virtually existed.
- なお、継体天皇が事実応神天皇の5代の末裔であったとしても、ヨーロッパ的な王朝の概念からみればこれは立派な別王朝であり、王朝交替説とは関わりなく継体天皇をもって皇統に変更があったとみなす学者は多い。
- Many scholars took that even if Emperor Keitai was in fact the fifth descendant from Emperor Ojin, in view of the notion of dynasty in European sense, it was really a separate dynasty and independent of the theory on the changes of dynasties there was change in the imperial line from Emperor Keitai.
- だが、翌年黒田が行った「超然主義演説」や山縣有朋らの反対、条約改正を巡る井上自身と黒田との対立もあって運動は低調となり、1889年夏には事実上計画は中止され、『自治新報』も1890年に廃刊された。
- However, the movement cooled down due to 'the doctrine of superiority' of Kuroda, the opposition of Aritomo YAMAGATA, as well as the conflict between Inoue and Kuroda regarding the treaty revision, and the plan was abolished in the summer of 1889 while 'Jichisei Shinpo' discontinued publication in 1890.
- 第百六十条第三項に規定する行為が否認された場合において、相手方は、当該行為の当時、支払の停止等があったこと及び破産債権者を害する事実を知らなかったときは、その現に受けている利益を償還すれば足りる。
- Where an act prescribed in Article 160(3) is avoided, if the other party did not know, at the time of the act, the fact that suspension of payments, etc. had taken place nor the fact that the act would prejudice any bankruptcy creditor, it shall be sufficient for the other party to reimburse the enrichment that he/she actually enjoys.
- 内閣総理大臣は、許可申請者が次の各号のいずれかに該当するとき、又は許可申請書若しくはその添付書類のうちに虚偽の記載があり、若しくは重大な事実の記載が欠けているときは、許可を拒否しなければならない。
- The Prime Minister shall refuse permission when an applicant for permission falls under any of the following items, or an application for permission or documents to be attached to it contains a fake statement, or lacks a statement about important matters:
- だが、江戸時代中期以後商品作物の生産が広まってくると都市周辺部の農村など本来は米の生産が可能な地域においてもなし崩しに買納制が行われていき、江戸幕府さえもが事実上の黙認政策を採らざるを得なくなった。
- However, as the production of commercial crops became widely spread during the mid-Edo period, baino-sei was carried out even in suburban villages where rice can be produced, to which the Edo bakufu virtually took an acquiescence policy.
- なお皇太子の「赤色袍」は『台記』などにみえるが、黄丹の異名であったものか(黄丹に似たオレンジ色の検非違使の朱紱も平安中期以降は「赤衣」とよばれたという事実がある)、別のものであったものか不明である。
- Akairo no ho' of the crown prince is seen in 'Daiki'and so on, but it is unknown whether it was the another name of oni no ho or another thing (in fact, shufutsu costume of kebiishi [officials with judicial and police power], whose color was orange similar to oni, was called 'aka ginu' [red robe]).
- しかし頼豪が三井寺の戒壇院建立に尽力していたことは事実であり、三井寺が天台寺門宗の総本山であることから、鉄鼠伝説は10世紀末に起きた天台寺門宗の派閥間対立抗争を背景として生まれたものといわれている。
- However, because it is a fact that Raigo made great efforts for the construction of Buddhist ordination platform of Mii-deraTemple, which is the Grand Head Temple of the Tendaijimon Buddhist sect, it is said that the Tesso legend was born in the context of the confrontation between the Tendaijimon Buddhist sects and that it occurred at the end of the tenth century.
- しかし、橋本義彦が指摘しているように、保元の乱の数年前からは為義は忠実・頼長に接近し、義朝は鳥羽院・後白河天皇側に接近していることは確かで、この親子の間が密接なものでなかったことは事実のようである。
- However, as Yoshihiko HASHIMOTO pointed out, it is true that Tameyoshi approached Tadazane and Yorinaga, and Yoshitomo got close to Toba-in and Emperor Goshirakawa a few years before the Hogen Disturbance, so it is an indisputable fact that they did not have a close relationship.
- 実朝の代になっても様々な場面で政子が決定的な役割を担っていることも多く、もしこれをそのまま事実であったとするならば、北条氏を含めた東国御家人勢力とは別個に調停者としての政子の個性も認めねばなるまい。
- Even during the reign of Sanetomo, Masako played a decisive role in various occasions, and if this was all true, the unique presence of Masako as an arbitrator should be acknowledged, along with the forces of vassals in the togoku including the Hojo clan.
- 意思表示の効力が意思の不存在、詐欺、強迫又はある事情を知っていたこと若しくは知らなかったことにつき過失があったことによって影響を受けるべき場合には、その事実の有無は、代理人について決するものとする。
- In cases the validity of a manifestation of intention should be affected by any absence of intention, any fraud, any duress, or any negligence in knowing or not knowing any particular circumstance, whether or not such fact existed shall be determined with reference to the agent.
- 朝廷が授与する御所号は、主に皇族や摂家の子女が門跡となった寺社に対して授与するものが主であり、その他、公卿もその家人より御所、或いは御所様(ごしょさま)、上様などと尊称されることが事実上許されていた。
- The Imperial Court mainly gave the gosho-go to the temples and shrines at which the head priest was a son or daughter of the Imperial Family or the sekke; moreover, high nobles were practically allowed to be referred to as Gosho, Gosho-sama, or Ue-sama by their families.
- そのうえ、にわか仕立ての新政府軍はその実、統一日本国の軍隊ではあり得ず、事実上諸藩の緩やかな連合体に過ぎなかったため、諸藩の結束を高めるためには強力な敵を打倒するという目的を必要としていたからである。
- Moreover, another factor was the newly established 'new government army' inability as a unified Japanese Army in a practical sense; in reality, this was the only an alliance which loosely combined all of the domains.
- 万延二朱判(まんえんにしゅばん)は万延元年(1860年)4月10日より発行された二分金万延二分判と同品位で1/4の量目につくられており万延二分判と伴に事実上本位貨幣的地位の主導権を握っていたといえる。
- Manen nishuban had the same karat as nibukin Manen nibuban issued on May 30, 1860 and the ryome was 1/4 and was positioned as standard coin taking initiative with Manen nibuban in effect.
- 正史とはあくまで「王朝が正当と認めた歴史書」という程の意味であり、信頼性の高い史料であるとは言えるが、歴史事実を引き出すには歴史学の手法にのっとり厳密な史料批判を経て行う必要があることに変わりはない。
- The term 'seishi' or 'official history', then, refers simply to 'those history books that are endorsed by the ruling dynasty as legitimate', so even when it is possible to describe them as highly reliable historical sources, that does not change the fact that they must still be subjected to a rigorous evalation of their historicity in accordance with established historiographical techniques.
- 奈良時代からこの時期を通じて、二品親王の地位に約20年以上いること、それ以下の場合には親王が就く官職で事実上最高位であった式部卿を長期にわたって務めて「第一の親王」たるに相応しい経歴を保持していること。
- The requirements to be granted Ippon were that the prince must be in nihon (the second court rank for imperial princes) over 20 years through the Nara period to that time, if the period being in nihon was less than 20 year, the prince must be Shikibukyo (Minister of the Ministry of Ceremonial), the highest post for an imperial prince for a long time as well as holding appropriate career as the 'first Imperial Prince.'
- だが、錦連行の実在性は確かではなく、実在人物である錦良助と三善清行・三善茂明との血縁関係の有無も不明である(勿論、「三善清行-錦良助-錦連行-三善茂明」という茂明を清行の曾孫とする系譜は事実ではない)。
- It is uncertain, however, whether Tsurayuki NISHIKI really existed, and whether Ryosuke NISHIKI, who did exist, was related to Kiyoyuki MIYOSHI and Shigeaki MIYOSHI (and it is certainly not true to state that Shigeaki was a great-grandson of Kiyoyuki as depicted in the family line of 'Kiyoyuki MIYOSHI - Ryosuke NISHIKI - Tsurayuki NISHIKI - Shigeaki MIYOSHI').
- ただし、この説は明治当初に海軍が陸軍に対抗して自ら国歌の必要性を理解した上で発起したということを知らしめるために利用されていた節があり、現在の国歌研究においては「大山発案説」が事実であると見られている。
- However, this view seems to have been used by the Navy to compete with the Army by making it known that the Navy made the proposal understanding the necessity of the national anthem and, according to the present study of the national anthem, it is understood that 'Oyama's ' was the fact.
- 1889年(明治22年)2月11日制定の旧皇室典範で打ち出された永世皇族制は、すでに1907年(明治40年)の皇室典範増補で事実上放棄され、確実に皇族の身分にとどまるのは親王のみ(皇玄孫まで)とされた。
- The regulation concerning eternal Imperial membership of the former Imperial House Law issued on February 11, 1889 was in fact abolished when the same Law was greatly revised in 1907, it was decided that only an Imperial Prince (up to great-great-grandchild) can keep his position as an Imperial member.
- これは巻末に「定メテ紪謬多カラム、実ヲ知レル者之ヲ正サムノミ」<とても誤りが多いので、事実を知っているひとによってこれを正すのみである>とあって、この作品が記録文を目指したことと関連していると思われる。
- This is thought to be related to the fact that this work was intended to document events, and at the end of the volume is written 'Since there are many errors, it is necessary for persons who know the facts to correct them.'
- 相手方が在廷していない口頭弁論においては、準備書面(相手方に送達されたもの又は相手方からその準備書面を受領した旨を記載した書面が提出されたものに限る。)に記載した事実でなければ、主張することができない。
- At oral argument without the presence of the opponent in court, no facts other than those stated in a brief (limited to one served upon the opponent or one for which the opponent has submitted a document stating that he/she has received it) may be alleged.
- 内閣総理大臣は、登録申請者が次の各号のいずれかに該当するとき、又は登録申請書若しくはその添付書類のうちに虚偽の記載があり、若しくは重要な事実の記載が欠けているときは、主任者登録を拒否しなければならない。
- The Prime Minister shall refuse an applicant's Registration as a Chief when said applicant falls under any of the following items or when his/her written application for registration or the documents attached thereto contain any false statement or lack any statement on important facts:
- 今日の住友家の基礎、住友財閥の出発点は、この住友友芳が開発した別子銅山によって築き上げられたものであると言ってよく、事実、住友家の歴史の中では、この四世吉左衛門友芳をもって、「住友家中興の祖」としている。
- The foundation of today's Sumitomo Family, or the starting point of Sumitomo Zaibatsu, can be said to have been built by the Besshidozan copper mine that Tomoyoshi SUMITOMO developed; and in fact, in the history of the Sumitomo Family, the fourth-generation kichizaemon Tomoyoshi is considered to be the 'restorer of the Sumitomo Family.'
- ただし、上級貴族の反発に加えて、入学年齢を17歳から引き下げたこと、更に学令で定められた9年間よりも短い4年間の就学を経た上での事実上の中退を認めたことから大学寮側からの反発もあり、812年に撤回された。
- The imperial decree, however, was withdrawn in 812 due to backlashes from Daigaku-ryo against a change in school entrance age from 17 years old to 10 years old and against the approval of de facto dropouts after four-year schooling, shorter than the dropout after the nine-year schooling specified by the provision of Gakuryo, as well as objections from high-ranking nobles.
- この中西説に対して、細井浩志は『続日本紀』が道鏡政権を批判する際には、後日に'不正の暴露'などの形で対になる事実を提示しており、神託事件についてのみ創作を加えたとは考えにくいとして、中西説を否定している。
- Against this theory by NAKANISHI, Hiroshi HOSOI denies it, by stating that when 'Shoku Nihongi' criticizes the Dokyo administration, it presents a fact that forms a pair such as 'disclosure of injustice' in later dates, and it is hard to believe that the author added fiction to the part which deals with the oracle only.
- 明治時代、事実上武士が滅び、その思想のみがいたずらに活用されだした武士道爛熟期にあって、元武士階層出身者が中心となって臣民教育政策が施されたが、これはそこで歴史観が改められるのと同時に造られた標語である。
- In the Meiji period, the age of samurai ended in effect, but the Bushido way of thought was used unnecessarily during its mature period, therefore mainly ex-samurais carried out subject education policy and the catch-phrase was made when the historical view was changed.
- 建武新政期には後醍醐天皇が親政を行い院政は一時期中断したが、数年の後に北朝による院政が復活し、室町時代に入ってから院政は継続したが、永享5年(1433年)に後小松天皇が死去すると院政は事実上の終焉を迎えた。
- During the Kenmu Restoration, Emperor Godaigo conducted direct government and insei was discontinued for a certain period, but after a few years insei was revived by Hokucho (北朝) and continued after the start of the Muromachi period; however, when Emperor Gokomatsu died in 1433, insei virtually ended.
- それは、庶家も主家同様、領土と居城、家臣を養い、主家から一定の独立を保った者も少なくなく、主君と家臣という強固な主従関係というよりは、事実上、宗家を盟主とする同盟関係という性格が強いものであったことによる。
- This was because many shoke, similarly to the employer's household, maintained their territories, their castles as residences, and their vassals and kept their independence from their employer's household to some extent, and this relationship was not a strong one between master and vassals, but, in fact, tended to be more of an alliance with the head of the family as the alliance leader.
- このような運動の中で創作された歌舞伎演目は、最初、河竹黙阿弥らの旧来の作者や福地桜痴ら文化人によって、歴史的事実をありのままに演じる活歴物や、西洋風の新しい風俗を描いた散切物などが作られたが成功しなかった。
- In such a campaign, some Kabuki programs were created anew, and their first ones were 'Katsureki-mono' (a historical drama), which faithfully performed the historical facts, & 'Zangiri-mono' (the plays the cropped hair people appeared), which portrayed new western-style customs, both made by experienced writers, including Mokuami KAWATAKE, or by intellectuals, including Ochi FUKUCHI, but they failed.
- ところが役者に恵まれた『籠釣瓶』が今日でも人気の演目なのに対し、中村吉右衛門 (初代)や松本白鸚 (初代)の他にこれといった役者に恵まれなかった『縮屋新助』の方は今日では事実上「埋もれた名作」と化している。
- However, while 'Basket bucket' is popular even today because it's performed by excellent actors, 'Chizimiya Shinsuke' effectively remains a 'buried masterpiece' because it's not been performed by any outstandingt actors other than Kichiemon NAKAMURA (the first) and Hakuo MATSUMOTO the first).
- 貿易額の制限そのものは綱吉時代の踏襲に過ぎず、更に新井の意見書には綱吉時代の改革で金銀の海外流出はほとんどなくなっていた事実を意図的に無視するなど、儒教的な抑商思想に由来する貿易統制ありきの発想が存在する。
- In the first place, Arai's plan was developed based on the intention to implement trade controls originating from Confusion commerce suppression policy, so limiting the amount of trade simply followed the system developed in the Tsunayoshi era and his plan intentionally ignored the truth that the outflow of gold and silver had already stopped by Tsunayoshi's reform.
- 破産者の義務に属せず、又はその時期が破産者の義務に属しない行為であって、支払不能になる前三十日以内にされたもの。ただし、債権者がその行為の当時他の破産債権者を害する事実を知らなかったときは、この限りでない。
- An act that is not included in the scope of the bankrupt's obligation in terms of the act itself or the time of performance of the act, which was conducted within 30 days before the bankrupt became unable to pay debts; provided, however, that this shall not apply if the creditor did not know, at the time of the act, the fact that it would prejudice other bankruptcy creditors.
- 松本はギリシア語での/k/の表記を引き合いに出し、/k/についてkとqの二種類の文字が使われていたからと言ってそれがギリシア語で2種の子音が意図的に使い分けられていたという事実を示すわけではないことを挙げた。
- Matsumoto took Greek letters for/k/ for example and explained that the existence of two types of letters, k and q, for/k/ did not necessarily indicate the fact that these two consonants were distinguished when used.
- だが、前述の外国人に対する等価引換が34万両、太政官布告による引換が判明分だけで157万両であり、現在判明している政府発行の悪質な金貨(事実上の贋貨)が381万両であるから、それよりも遥かに少ないことになる。
- However, the amount by the exchange in equal value for foreigners was 340 thousand ryo as mentioned above, and the amount by the exchange following the edict of Daijokan, which had become clear was 1.57 million ryo, while the amount of the bad quality gold coins (actually counterfeit coins) issued by the government, which is recognized today is 3.81 million ryo, so the former ones are much smaller than the latter.
- 破産手続開始の申立ての日から一年以上前にした行為(第百六十条第三項に規定する行為を除く。)は、支払の停止があった後にされたものであること又は支払の停止の事実を知っていたことを理由として否認することができない。
- Any act conducted not less than one year before the date of filing of a petition for commencement of bankruptcy proceedings (excluding the act prescribed in Article 160(3)) may not be avoided by reason that the act was conducted after suspension of payments had taken place or while knowing the fact of suspension of payments.
- 大化前代からの家父長制家族の発達は、このような法を受用する基礎をつくったことは事実であるが、律令法は儒教の精神によって、親または家長の権力を強大にし、同時に女性の法的・社会的地位をいちじるしく低める作用をした。
- Development of the patriarchal authority family since the pre-Taika era did build a basis for accepting and applying such law, but in the Confucian spirit, ritsuryo law gave tremendous power to parents or the head of the family, while drastically lowering the legal and social status of women.
- 以前、学界では平氏政権を貴族政権的な性格が強いとする見解が主流であったが、1970年代・1980年代頃からは、平氏政権が地頭や国守護人を設置した事実に着目し、最初期の武家政権とする見解が非常に有力となっている。
- In the past, many theories in the field considered the Taira clan administration as being a strongly aristocratic administration, but from around the 1970s and 1980s, the theory that the Taira clan administration was the first warrior class government which focussed on the fact that the Taira clan administration established Jito (local lord of a manor) and Province officers became dominant.
- 前二項の規定により差戻し又は移送を受けた裁判所は、新たな口頭弁論に基づき裁判をしなければならない。この場合において、上告裁判所が破棄の理由とした事実上及び法律上の判断は、差戻し又は移送を受けた裁判所を拘束する。
- The court to which a case is remanded or transferred pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs shall make a judicial decision based on additional oral argument. In this case, the factual or legal determination based on which the final appellate court has quashed the judgment shall be binding on the court to which the case is remanded or transferred.
- 前条に規定する要求のあつたときは、人事院は、必要と認める調査、口頭審理その他の事実審査を行い、一般国民及び関係者に公平なように、且つ、職員の能率を発揮し、及び増進する見地において、事案を判定しなければならない。
- When a request provided for in the preceding Article is received, the National Personnel Authority shall conduct such investigations, hearings or other fact-finding reviews it finds necessary, and evaluate the case with due regard to fairness to the public and the persons concerned and in terms of developing and improving the efficiency of officials.
- 重要な事項について虚偽の記載があり、又は記載すべき重要な事項若しくは誤解を生じさせないために必要な重要な事実の記載が欠けている公開買付届出書(その訂正届出書を含む。以下この条及び次条において同じ。)を提出した者
- a person who submits a Tender Offer Notification (including amendments therefor; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Article and the following Article) that contains any fake statement on important matters or lacks a statement on any important matters that should be stated or on a material fact that is necessary for avoiding misunderstanding;
- とはいえ、歴史としての正確性や検証性はともかくとしても、平家の落人伝説にちなんだ姓も日本国各地で存在していることも事実であり、またそうした謎の多き、闇に包まれた伝承がいわゆる歴史のロマンを想起させる要因でもある。
- Setting aside the question of correctness or historical verification, it is true that there exist surnames associated with Heike no Ochudo legends throughout Japan, and such oral traditions filled with mystery and darkness stir people's imagination for history.
- これは『利休茶湯書』の他にも、『堺鑑』(1684)などから引用が行われた事実が確認されているためであり、その編纂に用いられたであろう資料に、現存しない利休関係の資料が含まれていた可能性は否定しきれないからである。
- That's because it is confirmed that not only 'Rikyu's Tea Ceremony' but also 'Sakaikagami' (a topography of Sakai) and other materials are quoted in Nanboroku, so that no one can deny the possibility that lost materials about Rikyu were included in the ones for the compilation.
- ところが贈賄側に内部対立がおき、1908年(明治41年)4月11日に秋山一裕が検事官舎を訪れ、日本製糖が帳簿操作で不正金を捻出して衆議院議員を買収し、その資金出所を隠蔽した事実を自供した事から世間に明るみに出た。
- However, an internal conflict rose among bribers, and Kazuhiro AKIYAMA visited a prosecutor at the government quarters on April 11, 1908 to confess the fact that Nihon Seito made an illicit fund by a bookkeeping maneuver to bribe the members of the House of Representatives and hid the sources of the fund, a result of which the scandal was brought to light.
- 不法行為について外国法によるべき場合において、当該外国法を適用すべき事実が当該外国法及び日本法により不法となるときであっても、被害者は、日本法により認められる損害賠償その他の処分でなければ請求することができない。
- In the case where a tort shall be governed by a foreign law, even if facts to which the foreign law should be applied constitute a tort both under the foreign law and Japanese law, the victim may make a claim only for damages or any other remedies that may be permitted under Japanese law.
- 内閣総理大臣は、登録の申請に係る外務員が次の各号のいずれかに該当するとき、又は登録申請書若しくはその添付書類のうちに虚偽の記載があり、若しくは重要な事実の記載が欠けているときは、その登録を拒否しなければならない。
- The Prime Minister shall refuse registration when the Sales Representative pertaining to application for the registration falls under any of the following items, or a written application for registration or documents attached thereto contains fake statement or lacks statement of material fact:
- 重要な事項について虚偽の記載があり、又は記載すべき重要な事項若しくは誤解を生じさせないために必要な重要な事実の記載が欠けている対質問回答報告書(その訂正報告書を含む。以下この条及び次条において同じ。)を提出した者
- a person who submits a Tender Offeror's Answer (including amendment reports therefor; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Article and the following Article) that contains any fake statement on important matters or lacks a statement on any important matters that should be stated or on a material fact that is necessary for avoiding misunderstanding.
- 盛子の管理していた摂関家領は藤原基通(基実の子)もしくは、盛子が准母となっていた高倉天皇が相続すると思われていたが、法皇は白河殿倉預(くらあずかり)に近臣・藤原兼盛を任じて、事実上その所領の全てを没収してしまった。
- The estate of Sekkan-ke managed by Moriko was thought to be handed over to FUJIWARA no Motomichi (the son of Motozane) or Emperor Takakura whose junbo (a woman who was given the status equivalent to the emperor's birth mother) was Moriko, but the cloistered emperor assigned Shirakawa-dono Kuraazukari (the finance of the palace of Emperor Shirawaka) to FUJIWARA no Kanemori, who was his trusted vassal, and confiscated all of the estate in reality.
- 『吉記』は、内乱期の経房が蔵人頭・院別当として、朝廷の決定を詳しく知ることのできる立場にあったため、同じ内容の記事でも、まだ朝廷で中心的な立場になる前の九条兼実の『玉葉』より詳細な事実を知ることができる箇所もある。
- Because Tsunefusa held positions of Kurodo gashira (Head of the Imperial Secretary Office) and In-Betto (chief of the retired Emperor's palace) during the disturbance and knew well the decisions made by the Imperial court, 'Kikki' has more detailed records than 'Gyokuyo,' a diary written by Kanezane KUJO, who was not a leading figure in the Imperial court yet at that time.
- しかしながら、この頼朝の提案が事実とすれば為仁親王の外祖父である土御門通親は勿論のこと、守貞に譲位されれば治天の資格を喪失することになる後鳥羽院はともに強く反発したと予想され、朝幕関係は極めて緊張したと考えられる。
- However, if Yoritomo's proposal was true, it is supposed that not only Michichika TSUCHIMIKADO, the maternal grandfather of Imperial Prince Tamehito, but also Gotoba-in (the Retired Emperor Gotoba), who would lose the power to control the nation if Morisada became Emperor, opposed it strongly: it is also thought that relations between the Imperial court and the bakufu were seriously strained at this time.
- また、この「日本伝」では、「「東の奥洲」で黄金を産出し、対馬のことと思われる「西の別島で白銀を産出する」など、日本の地理などの情報は全体的にほぼ正確に伝えているが、「犀、象が多い」など事実と異なった記述も一部ある。
- Additionally, this 'Japan Accounts' included the almost correct information on Japan's geography; for example, gold was mined in the 'Oshu region' in the east, and silver in another island in the west of Japan, which appeared to be Tsushima Island although it referred to partly different descriptions from true fact, including the one that there were many rhinoceroses and elephants in Japan.
- 事実、織田信長は「藤原信長」と称しているが、その根拠はここから来ていると言われており、実際に天文 (元号)18年(1549年)11月、熱田八ヶ村の熱田神宮で自ら「藤原信長」と認(したた)めている(『加藤文書』より)。
- In fact, it is said that Nobunaga ODA called himself 'Nobunaga FUJIWARA' for this reason, and he wrote his name 'Nobunaga FUJIWARA' in Atsuta-jingu Shrine in Atsuta Yatsugamura in November, 1549 (from 'Kato bunsho').
- 11世紀中期の一国平均役によって、朝廷・国衙の事業に必要な経費分だけが徴税される税制に変更されていくと、貯蔵すべき税収の余剰が出る余地も失われたために、不動穀は制度的な根拠を失って事実上消滅してしまったとされている。
- In the middle of the 11th century Ikkoku Heikin Yaku (flat rate tax imposed from time to time) was introduced and tax system was changed so as to collect the tax just to cover the expenses required for the affairs of the Imperial court and its provincial offices; this change removed the possibility of having a tax income surplus to be stored; it is said that due to this loss of basis in the tax system, fudokoku virtually disappeared.
- 強制的な拘束や拷問などを行わずに「神の意思」の名のもとで当事者の合意を得られる方法として広く行われたが、あくまでも双方の証人・証文などの証拠類を揃えて吟味した結果でも事実の成否が確定できない場合などに限定されていた。
- It was widely used as a method which enabled people to obtain agreements from both claimants without the exercise of detentions or tortures at 'the will of the gods,' but its use was limited only to the cases in which the truth could not be ascertained even after the thorough investigation of evidence such as witnesses or documents collected from the both parties.
- 処分を行つた者又はその代理者及び処分を受けた職員は、すべての口頭審理に出席し、自己の代理人として弁護人を選任し、陳述を行い、証人を出席せしめ、並びに書類、記録その他のあらゆる適切な事実及び資料を提出することができる。
- The person who made the disposition or his/her deputy, and the official subject to the disposition may appear at all the hearings, appoint legal counsel as their representative, make statements, present witnesses, and produce documents, records and any other pertinent facts and data.
- だが、貞享4年(1687年)中院通茂が先年の暴言の事実と皇太子への悪意の疑いで追放され(ただし、後年許されて霊元上皇と東山天皇の推挙で幕府から加増を受けている)、直後に朝仁親王(東山天皇)への譲位と院政開始を宣言する。
- However, in 1687, Michishige NAKANOIN was expelled for his abusive remark earlier in the year and was suspected of ill intentions toward the Crown Prince (although he was remitted afterwards and his salaries from the Bakufu were increased at the recommendation of the Retired Emperor Reigen and Emperor Higashiyama), and immediately after that the incumbent emperor declared the abdication of his throne in favor or Imperial Prince Asahito (now Emperor Higashiyama) and the start of his assumption of the virtual reins of the court as retired emperor.
- 事実、準則が制定されてから1946年(昭和21年)に廃止されるまでの26年間に12例の皇族の臣籍降下があったが、いずれも準則に該当する王が勅旨により強制的に華族とされることを避けるために自発的に情願を行ったものである。
- In fact, there were 12 examples of Imperial members demoted from nobility to subject twenty six years after the regulation was issued and before it was abolished in 1946, in each case a Prince who falls under the regulation, voluntary appealed to avoid being forced to become nobility on the Emperor's order.
- 天皇もこの空気を敏感に察しており、淡路に流された廃帝(淳仁天皇)の謎の死、和気王の突然の処刑、天皇の異母妹である不破内親王の皇籍剥奪など皇族に対する粛清が次々と行われていき、皇位継承問題は事実上のタブーとなっていった。
- The Empress was also keenly aware of this atmosphere, and purges to the Imperial family were done one after another as follows: the dethroned Emperor Junnin's mysterious death, the sudden execution of the Prince Wake, sudden abridgment of register of the Imperial family from Imperial Princess Fuwa who was a younger paternal half-sister of the Empress; accordingly, the subject of the succession to the Imperial Throne became virtually a taboo.
- 売主は、第五百六十条から前条までの規定による担保の責任を負わない旨の特約をしたときであっても、知りながら告げなかった事実及び自ら第三者のために設定し又は第三者に譲り渡した権利については、その責任を免れることができない。
- Even if the seller makes a special agreement to the effect that the seller will not provide the warranties set forth from Article 560 through to the preceding Article, the seller may not be released from that responsibility with respect to any fact that the seller knew but did not disclose, and with respect to any right that the seller himself/herself created for or assigned to a third party.
- 相続財産に対する第三十条第一項の規定の適用については、同項中「破産手続開始の原因となる事実があると認めるとき」とあるのは、「相続財産をもって相続債権者及び受遺者に対する債務を完済することができないと認めるとき」とする。
- For the purpose of application of Article 30(1) to the inherited property, the phrase 'when it finds a fact constituting the grounds for the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings' in Article 30(1) shall be deemed to be replaced with 'when it finds it impossible to pay debts to inheritance obligee(s) and donee(s) in full with the inherited property.'
- ただし、神武天皇はその存在の実証が困難であり、また古墳の出現年代などから考古学上はヤマト王権の成立は西暦紀元後2世紀前後であるとされているため、神武天皇が西暦紀元前660年に即位したことが事実であるとは考えられていない。
- However, it is not thought to be a fact that Emperor Jinmu acceded to the throne in 660 B.C. by the Western calendar system because the presence of Emperor Jinmu is difficult to prove and establishment of the Yamato sovereignty (the ancient Japan sovereignty) is archeologically believed to be in around the 2nd century A.D. based on the age of appearance of kofun (tumuli).
- 先に足利義教が暗殺された嘉吉の変では、管領らが協議して直ちに後継将軍が定められたが、永禄の変以前の永禄6年(1563年)に管領細川氏綱が死去して以後、管領は置かれておらず、将軍の死により幕府機能は事実上停止するに至った。
- In the Kakitsu Incident in which Yoshinori ASHIKAGA was assassinated, his deputy and other officials held consultations and immediately selected the succeeding Shogun, but, since Deputy Ujitsuna HOSOKAWA had died in 1563 before the Eiroku Incident, the position of deputy was unfilled, allowing the functions of the Bakufu to be virtually halted by the Shogun's death.
- 事件の詳細は不明だが、その後上皇は数多い寵妃の中でも姈子内親王を別格の存在としてこの上なく大切に遇したといい、後に彼女の急逝を悼んで葬送の日に出家したことから見ても、上皇が姈子内親王を深く寵愛したのは事実であったらしい。
- Although the details of the scandal was not clear, it seems true that the Retired Emperor deeply loved her, judging from the fact that he treated her with extreme care and that he entered into priesthood on her funeral day, mourning her sudden death.
- 戸籍は、律令制の諸制度を実施するために必要な要素であり、最初の戸籍がこの時期に作成されているという事実は、班田収授制が大化の改新時に始まったのではなく、天智天皇以後に始まったことの反映であるとする見解が有力となっている。
- As the family register was an essential element for implementing various elements of the Ritsuryo system, the widely-accepted view is that the rice field allotment system was started after Emperor Tenji's reign and not at the time of the Taika Reform.
- 施行日前にその原因となる事実が発生した事務管理及び不当利得並びに施行日前に加害行為の結果が発生した不法行為によって生ずる債権の成立及び効力については、新法第十五条から第二十一条までの規定にかかわらず、なお従前の例による。
- With regard to the formation and effect of a claim arising from management without mandate and unjust enrichment for which the facts constituting the cause occurred prior to the Date of Effectuation, and a claim arising from a tort for which the result of the wrongful act occurred prior to the Date of Enforcement, notwithstanding Article 15 to Article 21 of the New Act, the provisions then in force shall remain applicable.
- 謀議が事実であったかどうかは当時でも疑問視する向きが多く、西光と成親が清盛の呼び出しに簡単に応じていることから、平氏側(清盛)が院近臣勢力を潰すため、もしくは山門との衝突を回避するためにでっち上げた疑獄事件の可能性もある。
- Whether there in fact were any secret plans was questioned even at that point and since Saiko and Narichika readily attended to Kiyomori's call, there is a possibility that it was a plot by the Taira clan (Kiyomori) to destroy close aides of the cloistered government or evade confrontation with the Sanmon.
- 宇多天皇が次期天皇の決定について菅原道真以外には関与させなかったという事実は、一面において天皇や貴族社会における道真への警戒心と反発を高め、後年菅原道真が大宰権帥に左遷された事件(昌泰の変)の原因になったとも言われている。
- The fact that Emperor Uda did not involve anybody but SUGAWARA no Michizane in deciding the next emperor, in one sense, intensified wariness and backlash against Michizane within the society of emperor and the nobles, and it was allegedly one of the causes of the incident in the later years (the Shotai Incident) in which SUGAWARA no Michizane was demoted and transferred to Dazai gon no sochi (provincial governor-general of the Dazai-fu [local government office in Kyushu region]).
- これは結果的には大多数の農民の負担を高めることにつながり、また土地の所有者がおらず納税が困難な入会地が事実上、政府に没収されたことなどから伊勢暴動、真壁暴動など一揆(地租改正反対一揆)が頻発し、自由民権運動へ影響を与えた。
- In terms of the consequence, this high tax rate resulted in increasing the burden of majority of the farmers; therefore, peasant revolts against the land-tax reform erupted including the Ise Revolt, Makabe Revolt; the part of the reason these revolts occurred lied in that the government virtually confiscated common land (iriaichi) from which the government could not expect to receive taxes; these revolts gave influence to the Jiyu MInken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right).
- ジャニーズ事務所のファンと言われ、そのコンサートに行ったとするゴシップ記事が掲載されたこともあったが、平成20年(2008年)9月26日になって、テレビ番組での報道と併せ、コンサートに行った事実が宮内庁発表により否定された。
- A gossip article appeared in a magazine and TV new shows that Princess Mako was a great fan of the star belonging to Johnny's (an idols office) and went to the star's concert, but both the Imperial Household Agency and a TV program denied the claim on September 26 about her going to the concert.
- これは、太平の庶民文化の隆盛から、口碑伝承のないこの時代の作家に創作された妖怪の類の氾濫と、杉浦日向子などの江戸時代研究家や学者が説明する「江戸時代は世界に類を見ない資源還元(リサイクル)社会であった」という事実と合致する。
- The above coincides with the fact that many apparitions were created by painters in this period, a peaceful time in which the culture of ordinary people was prosperous and folklore did not exist, and that 'the Edo period was a recycling society without parallel in the world' as researchers of the Edo period, such as Hinako SUGIURA, have pointed out.
- 行政機関の長(第二条第一項第四号及び第五号の政令で定める機関にあっては、その機関ごとに政令で定める者をいう。以下同じ。)は、利用目的の達成に必要な範囲内で、保有個人情報が過去又は現在の事実と合致するよう努めなければならない。
- The head of an Administrative Organ (for any organ designated by the Cabinet Order prescribed in Article 2, paragraph 1, items 4 and 5, he or she shall be the person designated for each respective organ by a Cabinet Order; the same shall apply hereinafter) shall endeavor to maintain the Retained Personal Information consistent with the past or the present facts within the scope necessary for the achievement of the Purpose of Use.
- そのため、安閑天皇・宣化天皇を擁立する勢力と、異母弟の欽明天皇を奉ずる勢力の間で朝廷が分裂しており、書紀がその事実を隠蔽するために年代をずらしたとの林屋辰三郎らによる説(二朝並立説)まで登場した(→詳細は欽明天皇の項を参照)。
- As a result, Tatsusaburo HAYASHIYA and others even insisted a theory that Shoki modified the year in order to hide the fact that the Imperial Court was split into a group which supported the Emperor Ankan and the Emperor Senka and another which supported their younger half brother Emperor Kinmei (a theory of collateral two Imperial Courts) (For details, refer to the article on the Emperor Kinmei).
- 当時鎌倉にいた日蓮は立正安国論撰述の前年『守護国家論』を撰述したのに続いて、宗教家としての憂慮から政治・宗教のあるべき姿を当時鎌倉幕府の事実上の最高指導者である北条時頼に提示するために駿河国実相寺 (富士市)に籠って執筆した。
- Out of his concern as a religious leader, Nichiren, who lived in Kamakura at the time, wrote the treatise at Jisso-ji Temple (in present-day Fuji City) in Suruga Province, following his 'Shugo Kokka-ron' (Treatise on the Protection of the Nation) published the previous year, to present his arguments on political and religious ideals to Tokiyori HOJO, who was the actual leader of the Kamakura Shogunate government at the time.
- 自営業でなくても、親と同じ職種につくことは人脈や職務上必要とされる知識といった無形の財産をひきつぐ上で有利であるため、政治家、外交官、大学教員、芸能人など、社会的に突出した職業や地位の多くに、事実上の世襲が多くなる傾向がある。
- Even though it is not an independent enterprise, to take the same occupation as the parent is advantageous in terms of the succession of intangible assets such as goodwill, personal networks and the knowledge required in the course of their work; therefore, many of those occupations or positions that are regarded as socially outstanding such as politicians, diplomatic officials, academics, and entertainers tend to be passed on through the generations.
- 事実、正徳の治の間に行われた改鋳量は正徳小判・一分金合わせて約21万両であり、元禄金銀・宝永金銀(あわせて小判2545万両、丁銀146万貫)に比較すると、これだけをもってデフレを起こすほどインパクトが強いとはいえないのである。
- In fact, the amount of reminted Shotoku koban and Ichibu kin gold coin during Shotoku no chi was about 210,000 ryo, comparing to Genroku and Hoei gold and silver circulated (total 25,450,000 ryo of kobans and 1,400,000 ryo of chogins), it cannot say that this reminting had much of an impact in creating deflation.
- 前二項の規定により第一項各号に掲げる法人について破産手続開始の申立てをする場合には、理事、取締役、業務を執行する社員又は清算人の全員が破産手続開始の申立てをするときを除き、破産手続開始の原因となる事実を疎明しなければならない。
- When filing a petition for commencement of bankruptcy proceedings pursuant to the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs against a juridical person set forth in any of the items of paragraph (1), a prima facie showing of the fact constituting the grounds for the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings shall be made, except when the petition for commencement of bankruptcy proceedings is filed by all of its directors, managing members or liquidators.
- 医師、歯科医師、薬剤師、医薬品販売業者、助産師、弁護士(外国法事務弁護士を含む。)、弁理士、弁護人、公証人、宗教、祈祷若しくは祭祀の職にある者又はこれらの職にあった者が職務上知り得た事実で黙秘すべきものについて尋問を受ける場合
- Cases where a doctor, dentist, pharmacist, pharmaceuticals distributor, birthing assistant, attorney at law (including a registered foreign lawyer), patent attorney, defense counsel, notary or person engaged in a religious occupation, or a person who was any of these professionals is examined with regard to any fact which they have learnt in the course of their duties and which should be kept secret
- 原裁判所は、上告状却下の命令又は上告却下の決定があった場合を除き、事件を上告裁判所に送付しなければならない。この場合において、原裁判所は、上告人が上告の理由中に示した訴訟手続に関する事実の有無について意見を付することができる。
- The court of prior instance shall, except in cases where a direction to dismiss the petition for a final appeal without prejudice or an order to dismiss the final appeal without prejudice has been issued, send the case to the final appellate court. In this case, the court of prior instance may attach its opinion on the existence or nonexistence of the fact related to court proceedings that has been indicated by the appellant of the final appeal in the reasons for the final appeal.
- 後醍醐側の光厳天皇への処遇は「朕の皇太子の地位を退き、天皇として即位はしていないが特例として上皇待遇とする」とされ即位の事実を否定されてしまった(したがって論理的には小一条院同様皇太子をやめて上皇の尊号を受けたという例になる)。
- Emperor Godaigo treated Emperor Kogon as 'the retired Emperor who abdicated from the position of Crown Prince, however, not officially succeeding to the throne, he was treated as an retired emperor exception,' which means the Emperor was indirectly denied and he was no longer Emperor. (Hence, theoretically this is a similar to the example of Koichijo-in who abdicated from being the Crown Prince and received the respected title of retired emperor.)
- 定形化の成立が何時頃であるのかは詳らかではないが、「そらみつ」を「そらにみつ(空に満つ)」と改めたのも人麻呂であろうと思われ(『万葉集』巻1・29番歌)、枕詞の創造・再解釈に関しては、この歌人によるところが多いことは事実である。
- We cannot know exactly when the formalization was completed, but can guess that it was Hitomaro who revised 'sora mitsu' into 'sora ni mitsu' ('Manyoshu' Vol. 1, 29th poem), so it is true that this kajin (waka poet) made a significant contribution to the creation and reinterpretation of makurakotoba.
- しかし、あくまで国家の中心は朝廷であり、公家、寺家、そして武家の権門が相互補完しながら国家を形成していたとする黒田俊雄らの権門体制論、そうではなく西国の朝廷に対して東国に事実上の国家を樹立したとする佐藤進一らの東国国家論がある。
- However, there are the other theories, such as the argument on the governing structure of the powerful family by Toshio KURODA and his allies, which states that the center of the nation state was the Imperial Court and influential families such as kuge, families that own and reside in temples and samurai families complemented each other and formed the nation state, and the theory of the east state founded by Shinichi SATO and his allies, which says that, instead of the above, the nation state was established in fact in Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly Kanto region) against Imperial Court in Saigoku (western part of Japan (especially Kyushu, but ranging as far east as Kinki)).
- 古代、氏族としての帰属は父系を原則としていたのは事実としても、生活習慣は基本的に母系制であり、家の継承が常に父系的に行われていたとは考えられないのではないだろうか、ということである(その後の時代も婿養子という制度は残されている)。
- In ancient times, belonging to a clan was based on the father-line, but customs are based upon the mother-line, therefore it is suspicious that the succession of a household was always based on the father-line (In subsequent periods, there has been a system taking a son-in-law into the house).
- 上述のように模刻はさまざまな欠点をはらみ、結果的に一時とはいえ法帖の信頼性を失わせるところまで追い込んでしまった問題のある伝写法であるが、一方でこの模刻によって現在散逸した書蹟が伝わっているという事実があることも忘れてはならない。
- As discussed above, mokoku is a problematic copying method with various defects which eventually even destroyed the hojo's credibility at one point, but it should also be remembered that thanks to the mokoku, scattered and lost calligraphy works can be seen today.
- 根本的な事実である律令国家体制下の編纂という時代の性質、編纂の主体が置かれていた天皇の臣下という立場の性質、政治的な地位の保全への期待という思想性、それらを無視して百済三書に基づく日本書紀の記述を読むことは全くもって不可能である。
- It is totally impossible to understand the descriptions of Nihonshoki based on the three books of Baekje without regard to the backgrounds such as the period under the system of the Japanese nation under the ritsuryo codes, the position as a follower of the emperor who led the compilation, and the expectation to maintain their political status.
- その後も東軍は畠山政長・赤松政則、西軍は畠山義就・大内政弘を中心に惰性的な小競り合いを続けていたものの、1477年12月16日(文明9年11月11日)に大内政弘が周防国に撤収したことによって西軍は事実上解体し京都での戦闘は収束した。
- Minor inertial fights continued between the Eastern camp mainly comprising the forces of Masanaga HATAKEYAMA and Masanori AKAMATSU and the Western camp primarily made up of the troops of Yoshinari HATAKEYAMA and Masahiro OUCHI, but the warfare in Kyoto came to an end when Masahiro OUCHI retreated to Suo Province on December 16, 1477, resulting in virtual disbandment of the Western camp.
- この半済令の対象地は兵粮料所と呼ばれて当初は激戦地の8ヶ国に限定されていたが、南朝 (日本)側がこれに対抗して朝用分制度を導入したこともあって次第に広がりを見せて全国的な半済へと至り、兵粮料所は事実上守護領に編入されることとなった。
- The territory to which this Hanzeirei applied, or in other words the territory called hyoro-ryosho, was initially limited to the eight provinces involved in the fiercest fighting, but the Southen Court, to counter this move, introduced their own system of separating out a portion of rice for use by the court and its adherents, so that Hanzeirei gradually spread until it eventually covered the entire country, until the hyoro-ryosho were in actuality absorbed into the territories of each shugo.
- この嵐が伊勢神宮をはじめとする諸神社によって盛んに行われた異敵調伏の祈祷と成果とする喧伝と実際に戦闘を行った武士達が元王朝の集団戦法に苦戦して神への加護を求めていたという事実が、日本を神国とする認識を国内各層に浸透させる事となった。
- There was a legend that prayer organized in various shrines such as the Ise-jingu Shrine, used to beat the opposition worked well, and also the fact, that Samurai who struggled to fight back against the former dynasty's group tactics and asked for protection from god, further spread the idea within Japan that Japan was Shinkoku.
- この時代、良質な写本の多くは大名や公家、神社仏閣などに秘蔵されており、どこがどのような写本を所蔵しているのかということすらほとんどの場合明らかではなかったため、複数の写本を実際に手にとって具体的に比較することは事実上不可能であった。
- In this time, most of the manuscripts in good condition were treasured by Daimyo (feudal lord), Kuge (court noble), shrines and temples, and it was not mostly revealed who had what kind of manuscript, so it was virtually impossible to take several manuscripts at one time and make a concrete comparison between them.
- 債権者は、債務者が債権者を害することを知ってした法律行為の取消しを裁判所に請求することができる。ただし、その行為によって利益を受けた者又は転得者がその行為又は転得の時において債権者を害すべき事実を知らなかったときは、この限りでない。
- An obligee may demand the court to rescind any juristic act which an obligor commits knowing that it will prejudice the obligee; provided, however, that, this shall not apply to the cases where any person who benefits from such act, or any person who succeeds to such benefit, did not know, at the time of such act or succession, the fact that the obligee is to be prejudiced.
- 貸金業務取扱主任者が次の各号に掲げる場合のいずれかに該当することとなつた場合においては、当該各号に定める者は、その日(第一号に掲げる場合にあつては、その事実を知つた日)から三十日以内に、その旨を内閣総理大臣に届け出なければならない。
- When a Chief of Money Lending Operations has come to fall under any of the following items, the person set forth in the relevant item shall notify the Prime Minister to that effect within 30 days from the day on which any of the events listed therein took place (or in the case of item (i), within 30 days from the day on which said persons became aware of the event):
- 公式令 (律令法)にその書式が定められており、符は初行に○○○(上級の官司)符其×××(下級の官司)の書出に始まり、2行目より事実書(内容の記載)が行われて「符至奉行(符至らば奉行(文書の内容を実施)せよ)」の句が書止として付される。
- The format of fu is established in Kushiki-ryo (law on state documentary forms in the Yoro Code), and according to the format, the first line of fu begins with the opening sentence 'So-and-so (The senior official's name) gives a command to So-and-so (the subordinate official's name),' the second line contains the order and the closing line read, 'Implement upon receipt.'
- 貸金業者が次の各号のいずれかに該当することとなつた場合においては、当該各号に掲げる者は、その日(第一号の場合にあつては、その事実を知つた日)から三十日以内に、その旨をその登録をした内閣総理大臣又は都道府県知事に届け出なければならない。
- Where a Money Lender has come to fall under any of the following items, the person prescribed in each item shall notify the Prime Minister or prefectural governor who registered the Money Lender to that effect within 30 days from the day on which the event set forth therein took place (or in the case of item (i), within 30 from the day on which the person became aware of the event):
- 解放令が検討された最初の案は、明治2年(1869年)12月に民部省改正掛の渋沢栄一より、大蔵大輔大隈重信(当時、民部省と大蔵省は事実上統合されていた)にあてて提出された戸籍に関する草案である(現在早稲田大学社会科学研究所「大隈文書」)。
- The first proposal was the draft on the family register made by Eiichi SHIBUSAWA who was in charge of revision at Minbusho (Ministry of Popular Affairs) in December, 1869 for Shigenobu OKUMA who was Okura no taifu (a senior assistant minister of the Ministry of Treasury), when the both Ministries were unified in effect (according to 'OKUMA monjo (written material),' present Institute of social science of Waseda University).
- 内閣総理大臣は、前条第一項の登録を受けようとする者が次の各号のいずれかに該当するとき、又は登録申請書に記載すべき事項のうち重要な事項について虚偽の記載があり、若しくは重要な事実の記載が欠けているときは、その登録を拒否しなければならない。
- The Prime Minister shall refuse registration when a person who wishes to be registered under paragraph (1) of the preceding Article falls under any of the following items or when said person's written application for registration contains any false statement on important matters from among those which should be contained therein or lacks any statement on important facts:
- 後伏見の政務が停止され、光厳が廃位されたのは当然であるが、後醍醐はそもそも元徳3年に自分が廃位された事実自体を認めず、隠岐に流されていた間も自分はずっと天皇に在位していたという立場をとり、従って光厳の即位と在位も“なかったこと”にされた。
- It was natural that government affairs by Gofushimi were terminated and Kogon was deposed, but Godaigo did not even recognize that he was deposed in 1331, and took the stance that he was ruling during the whole time he was exiled in Oki, so therefore there was 'no accession nor rule' of Kogon.
- 前者の考えについては各遺構面が存在することによって否定された。後者については、第2期遺構面上に堆積する焼土層によって焼失の事実は証明されたものの、第3期の遺構がさらに規模を拡大して再建されていることが明らかとなり、現在では否定されている。
- The first theory was rejected because there are foundations of later periods, and the second one is also currently denied because the fact of destruction by fire was proven by the layer of burned soil on the second-period foundation, however, it became clear that the third-period foundation was rebuilt in a bigger size.
- 貸金業者は、その貸金業の業務に関して広告又は勧誘をするときは、貸付けの利率その他の貸付けの条件について、著しく事実に相違する表示若しくは説明をし、又は実際のものよりも著しく有利であると人を誤認させるような表示若しくは説明をしてはならない。
- A Money Lender shall not make an indication or explanation of a Loan Interest Rate or any other conditions of a Loan that is significantly contradictory to facts or which is likely to mislead people to understand such conditions to be more favorable than they actually are in advertising or soliciting with regard to its money lending operations.
- 綱吉は小倉の勅命違反の事実を重視して小倉実起と嫡男の小倉公連、その弟の竹淵季件を佐渡国へと流刑を命じ、藪家や中園家といった小倉家の同族に対しても逼塞を命じた(なお、この処分が決定する直前に天和への改元が以前からの予定通りに実施されている)。
- Taking Ogura's failure to obey the imperial command seriously, Tsunayoshi ordered to banish Saneoki OGURA, his legitimate son Kintsura OGURA and Kintsura's younger brother Kiken TAKEBUCHI to Sado Province, and relatives of Ogura including the Yabu and Nakazono families under house arrest (incidentally, immediately before these punishments, the imperial era name had been changed to Tenwa as scheduled beforehand).
- それでも、今日までに各地で微妙に造りと味が異なる流派が形成された事実を鑑みるに、会津藩から会津杜氏、秋田藩から山内杜氏、南部藩から南部杜氏が出たように、当時の藩のバックアップが結果的に二百年近くの歳月を隔てて現代に実を結んでいることになる。
- However, considering the fact that each region has been forming its unique school with its own delicately different method and taste until today, it can be said that support from the clans in those days consequently produces the fruits at present after almost a 200-year long period; for example the Aizu domain produced Aizu Toji, the Akita domain produced Sannai Toji, and the Nanbu domain produced Nanbu Toji.
- 実は、母・穏子が没すると身辺が寂しくなったらしく、同年に妻・雅子内親王を亡くしたばかりの師輔と正式の婚儀を経る前に懇ろになってしまったのが事実のようで、『大鏡』では弟・村上天皇の面前で藤原実頼にその節操の無さを暴露された話が紹介されている。
- The fact seemed to be that, after her mother, Onshi, died, she felt lonely, and had affairs with Morosuke whose wife, Imperial Princess Masako (or Gashi), had just died, before the official procedures for marriage took place, and 'Okagami' (the Great Mirror) introduces an episode where FUJIWARA no Saneyori revealed her unprincipled behavior in front of her younger brother, Emperor Murakami.
- 旧来の恩赦規定をそのまま残すものの、より儀式的なものとして手続の主体を評定所に置くとともに、旧来は縁座のケースも含めて15歳以下の未成年にも課されていた追放などの重罰については直ちに恩赦の対象とするなどの事実上の刑罰の緩和策が盛り込まれた。
- A scheme to mitigate actual punishments was incorporated, although former regulations on pardon remained as they were, but they were put together with conventional procedures in the hands of the council chamber, and Juveniles younger than fifteen who were formerly given severe punishments like banishment including cases where they were guilty only because of a relative's crime (enza) became eligible for pardon right away.
- 都心では屋台街が古くから存在している地域が日本各地に見られたが、既得権と道路使用や道路占有の問題や食品衛生法や電力、給排水の供給や路上を汚すといった問題などから、万博や世界選手権大会などが開催される地域で、それを契機に排除してきた事実がある。
- In inner-cities, there were various areas in Japan where yatai-gai existed for hundreds of years, but because of vested rights, road-use, and road-occupancy issues, as well as issues regarding the Food Sanitation Act, electricity supply, the supply and drainage of water and street pollution, they were in fact eliminated in areas where expositions and world championships were held, using them as an impetus to have them removed.
- 『源氏物語』自体の中に儒教や仏教の思想が影響していることは事実としても、当時の解釈はそれらを教化の手段として用いるためという傾向が強く、物語そのものから出た解釈とは言い難いこともあって、後述の「もののあはれ」論の登場以後は衰えることになった。
- It is true that 'The Tale of Genji' was influenced by the Confucian philosophy and Buddhism, but those interpretations were mainly made for the enlightenment of people at that time and it's hard to say they were generated from the story itself; thus they disappeared with the emergence of the 'Mono no Aware' theory (to be mentioned later).
- 結果として自由民権運動や大隈の唱えるフランス流やイギリス流を否定したものの、岩倉らの進めようとしたプロシア流についても一旦は白紙撤回されることとなった(勿論、これによってプロシア(ドイツ)流論者の政府内での立場が強化されたのは事実であるが)。
- As a result, the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, France style and England style, which were recommended by Okuma, were rejected but also Prussia style, which was recommended by Iwakura, was rejected (as a result, people who advocated Prussia (Germany) style strengthened their position).
- 第二次世界大戦後に研究が進むと、潜在的に不満を抱いていた中下流の文人貴族層による過大な評価であることが明らかとなり、またその時期の実際の政策も宇多天皇期及びその後の宇多上皇による事実上の院政下で行われたものの延長でしかないことが明らかになった。
- As further research was done after World War II, it became apparent that the eras were overrated by people in the literary nobility in the middle and lower classes who were potentially frustrated at the system of rule at the time, and the actual policies of that time were merely an extension of the ones by the Emperor Uda era and under Insei (rule by the retired emperor) of consecutive reign by Retired Emperor Uda.
- 明治8年(1875年)には、これまでメキシコドルに一致させてきた一円銀貨の品目(銀含有率)を米ドルの貿易銀貨と一致させることとし、正式に「貿易銀」と呼称し、事実上の本位貨幣として扱われることとなった(なお、新貨条例は「貨幣条例」と改称された)。
- In 1875, though 1 yen silver coin content (silver content percentage) had been equivalent to that of Mexico dollar, it became equivalent to silver trade coins of the U.S. dollar, called 'silver trade dollar' formally, and was handled as de facto standard money (New Currency Regulation was renamed 'The Currency Act').
- 平安時代の公家法においてはいかなる場合でも悔返は認められていなかったとするのが通説とされているが、教令違反や不孝など律令法における廃嫡に相応するような罪の事実が子孫にあれば、「後状有効説」によって悔返は認められたとする異説(長又高夫ら)もある。
- The common theory is that, under the Kugeho (laws issued by the imperial court) in the Heian period, Kuikaeshi was not allowed at any time; but another theory (by Takao NAGAMATA, etc) insists that when a crime corresponding to disinheritance of Ritsuryoho (Ritsuryo law), such as disobeying rules and being undutiful, was found in the descendants, Kuikaeshi was allowed by 'Kojo Yuko setsu' (current status has a priority to the past).
- 為替手形の振出人又は裏書人について破産手続が開始された場合において、支払人又は予備支払人がその事実を知らないで引受け又は支払をしたときは、その支払人又は予備支払人は、これによって生じた債権につき、破産債権者としてその権利を行使することができる。
- Where a bankruptcy proceeding is commenced against the drawer or endorser of a bill of exchange, if the drawee or the drawee in case of need has accepted or paid the bill without knowledge of the fact of the commencement, the drawee or the drawee in case of need may exercise his/her right over a claim arising from such acceptance or payment as a bankruptcy creditor.
- 埋蔵文化財は、日本の文化財保護法上の定義では、第92条(旧第57条[以下平成17年3月31日まで施行されていた条文を「旧」で示す])の「土地に埋蔵されている文化財」としているが、事実上、考古学の研究対象となる遺跡あるいは考古資料とほぼ同義である。
- Under Article 92 of the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties (Article 57 of the former Protection Law [took effect until March 31, 2005]), buried cultural properties are defined as 'cultural properties whichare buried underground,' but they are practically taken as almost synonymous with remains and archaeological materials subjected to the study of archaeology.
- この時革命を起こそうと考えた者の武装やヤクザの抗争の影響でより一層武器の取締りが厳しくなり、特に銃器関連を所持するには銃器にもよるが、数ヶ月期間の審査が必要であり、少なくとも暴力行為を前提に銃器を合法的に所持するのは日本では事実上不可能になった。
- Since those who planned revolutions bore arms and gangs (yakuza) started conflicts, the law was reinforced and a several month examination (the period depends on the kind of firearms) was required to possess a firearm-related weapon, making the legal possession of firearms for the purpose of violence virtually impossible in any event in Japan.
- 更にその五摂家の当主ですら幕府が摂政・関白の任命権を事実上掌握している以上、幕府の意向に反する事は出来なかったために、その結果、幕府→摂家・武家伝奏(最大でも5+4名)→天皇及び諸公家という幕府にとっては非常に効率の良い朝廷統制の仕組みが完成した。
- Moreover, as long as the bakufu virtually controlled the right of appointment of regent or chief advisor to the Emperor, even the family head of the Gosekke could not oppose the intention of the bakufu, and the system for controlling the Imperial Court, which was the orderly sequence from the bakufu through the sekke/samurai families (five plus four people at most) to the Emperor and each court noble, was thereby established as an extremely efficient system for the bakufu.
- この戦いは火砲の使用が初めて記録された戦いとしても有名であり、また馬防柵を急造設置したらしい痕跡が現在発掘調査で明らかになりつつあると言われているが、火砲は使用されたとしても極少数であり、使用の事実及び効果に付いてはまだ今後の研究を待つ所が大きい。
- This battle is famous for the first record of the use of the gun, and it is said that the evidence of rapidly established horse-blocking fence is being revealed by an excavation and research, but, even though guns were used, they were very few and the fact and effect of the use of guns still remain to be proven.
- しかも、日露戦争が軍部の説く「統帥権の独立」の定義に抵触する「政略主導の両略一致」に基づいた戦争遂行が行われた事実を認識しなかった軍部は昭和期の戦争における両略一致を、「統帥権の独立」原則に反しない軍略主導で実現させようと試みるようになるのである。
- Furthermore, the Military did not notice the fact that the Russo-Japanese war was based on 'Congruency of politics and strategy with the main leadership of politics' that conflicted with 'the independence of supreme command' which the Military preached, so that the Military tried to realize the congruency of politics and strategy of the war during Showa period with the Military leadership which would not object to the principle of 'the independence of supreme command'.
- 重要な事項について虚偽の記載があり、又は記載すべき重要な事項若しくは誤解を生じさせないために必要な重要な事実の記載が欠けている第二項において準用する第二十七条の三第二項に規定する公開買付届出書(その訂正届出書を含む。次項において同じ。)を提出した者
- a person who submits a Tender Offer Notification as defined in Article 27-3(2) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (2) (including amendments therefor; the same shall apply in the following paragraph) that contains any fake statement on important matters or lacks a statement on any important matters that should be stated or on a material fact that is necessary for avoiding misunderstanding; and
- 実際にはこの「国境」を越えた清朝領域に越境した朝鮮人が多数に上ったため、彼らをどう保護するかという問題とも絡んで、この後大韓帝国となっても清朝との国境線画定の話し合いは断続的に行われたが、豆満江・鴨緑江を国境線とすることが次第に既成事実化していった。
- Actually, there were a number of Korean people who crossed the border, then negotiations between Korea and the Qing dynasty were held regarding protection of the Koreans even after Korea became the Korean empire, and the borders of the Tumen river and the Yalu river gradually became an accomplished fact.
- そのため、1918年に、日本の統治権が及ぶ各地域間の法令の適用範囲の確定及び連絡統一を目的とする共通法(大正7年法律第39号)(1918年4月17日施行)が制定された(2005年現在も廃止の措置は採られていないが、事実上失効していると解されている)。
- Therefore, the Common law (Act No.39 of 1918) was enacted and came into effect on April 17, 1918 to determine the application range of the laws in these regions where Japan held sovereignty and to integrate those laws (As of 2005, no official measure has been taken to abolish the said Common law, but it is considered practically invalid).
- 内閣総理大臣は、登録申請者が次の各号のいずれかに該当するとき、又は登録申請書若しくはこれに添付すべき書類若しくは電磁的記録のうちに虚偽の記載若しくは記録があり、若しくは重要な事実の記載若しくは記録が欠けているときは、その登録を拒否しなければならない。
- The Prime Minister shall refuse registration when an applicant falls under any of the following items, or a written application for registration or documents or Electromagnetic Records to be attached to it contains fake statement or record, or lack statement or record about important matters:
- The Prime Minister shall refuse registration when an applicant falls under any of the following items, or a written application for registration or documents or Electromagnetic Records to be attached to it contains fake statements or false records, or lacks statement or record about important matters:
- 当該貸金業者の営業所若しくは事務所の所在地又は当該貸金業者の所在(法人である場合においては、その役員の所在)を確知できない場合において、内閣府令で定めるところにより、その事実を公告し、その公告の日から三十日を経過しても当該貸金業者から申出がないとき。
- Where the location of the Money Lender's business office or other office or the whereabouts of the Money Lender (in the case of a juridical person, the whereabouts of its officer) cannot be identified, and even after 30 days have elapsed since the day on which a public notice of such fact was given, there is no response from the Money Lender; or
- 院政を布いた上皇(院)は、多くの貴族たちと私的に主従関係を結び、治天の君(事実上の国王)として君臨したが、それは父としての親権と貴族たちの主人としての立場に基づくもので、天皇の外祖父ゆえに後見人としてふるまった摂関政治よりもいっそう強固なものであった。
- Joko (In), after establishing Insei, privately formed relationships between lord and vassals with many nobilities and reigned as 'Chiten no Kimi' (actual ruler of the country), and since it was based on the parental authority as father and the position as the lord of nobilities, his position was more firm than that of Sekkanseiji, which was a conservator as maternal grandfather of the Emperor.
- 重要な事項について虚偽の記載があり、又は記載すべき重要な事項若しくは誤解を生じさせないために必要な重要な事実の記載が欠けている公開買付説明書(第二十七条の九第三項の規定により訂正された公開買付説明書を含む。以下この条及び次条において同じ。)を作成した者
- a person who prepares a Tender Offer Statement (including a Tender Offer Statement amended under Article 27-9(3); hereinafter the same shall apply in this Article and the following Article) that contains any fake statement on important matters or lacks a statement on any important matters that should be stated or on a material fact that is necessary for avoiding misunderstanding; and
- 前項の規定による公告(次項において「期間延長請求公告」という。)を行つた対象者は、その内容に形式上の不備があり、又は記載された内容が事実と相違していると認めたときは、その内容を訂正して、内閣府令で定めるところにより、公告し、又は公表しなければならない。
- The Subject Company who makes the public notice as provided for in the preceding paragraph (hereinafter referred to as the 'Public Notice of Request for Period Extension' in the following paragraph) shall, if it finds any deficiencies in formalities or a statement that contravenes the actual facts therein, amend it and give public notice of or publicly announce it pursuant to the provisions of a Cabinet Office Ordinance.
- 津田は記紀の成立過程に関して初めて本格的な文献批判を行い、神話学、民俗学の成果を援用しつつ、神武天皇は弥生時代の何らかの事実を反映したものではなく、主として皇室が日本を支配するいわれを説明するために述作された日本神話の一部として理解すべきであると断じた。
- TSUDA was the first person who criticized literature regarding the process of coming into existence of the kojiki and Nihonshoki in earnest, and concluded that the Japanes had to understand that description concerning Emperor Jimmu did not reflect any fact in the Yayoi period, but were mostly written as part of Japanese Mythology in order to justify the ruling of Japan by the Imperial Family, taking advantage of mythology and folklore.
- これは両科統合後の天長4年(827年)文章博士都腹赤の上奏(『本朝文粋』、ただし腹赤は2年前に没しており、生前に行われたものか)によって撤廃されたものの、貴族子弟の文章生採用が事実上認められたために白丁文章生は貴族文章生によって圧迫を受けるようになった。
- Although this was abolished due to monjo hakase MIYAKO no Haraaka's report to the throne in 827 after the merger of the two subjects ('Honcho monzui' (anthology of waka poems and prose written in classical Chinese), as Haraaka died two years before, it may have been done when he was alive), sons of nobles were subsequently allowed to be adopted as monjosho and monjosho from hakucho families were put under pressure from monjosho from the noble families.
- しかし、当時既に開設されていた電信によりいち早く彼らの蜂起とその規模を知った政府は、一部汽車をも利用して警察隊・憲兵 (日本軍)等を送り込むが苦戦し、最終的には東京鎮台の鎮台兵を送り郡境を抑えたため、11月4日に秩父困民党指導部は事実上崩壊、鎮圧された。
- However, the government, getting information on their uprising and its scale instantaneously by telegram that had already been in use at that time, sent a troop of police and military police (Japanese Army) partially by train only to face uphill fights, but finally soldiers in Tokyo Chindai Army (garrison in Meiji period) brought the county boundary under their control, leading the leaders of the Konmin Party to the collapse and subjugation on November 4.
- 委任者について破産手続が開始された場合において、受任者は、民法第六百五十五条の規定による破産手続開始の通知を受けず、かつ、破産手続開始の事実を知らないで委任事務を処理したときは、これによって生じた債権について、破産債権者としてその権利を行使することができる。
- Where a bankruptcy proceeding is commenced against the mandator, the mandatary, if he/she has administered the mandated business without receiving a notice of commencement of bankruptcy proceedings under the provision of Article 655 of the Civil Code and also without knowing the fact of the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, may exercise his/her right over a claim arising from such administration as a bankruptcy creditor.
- もし書紀・水野説以外のいずれかが正しければ、欽明天皇は現在の皇室から少なくとも遡れる継体天皇以降の歴代天皇では昭和天皇・明治天皇に次いで長く在位した(推古天皇または天武天皇が事実上の初代天皇で、それ以前はヤマト大王だったのではないかという説は置いて)事になる。
- Apart from the 'Chronicles of Japan' and the theory of Mizuno, if any of these theories is correct, Emperor Kinmei would become the third emperor who reigned for the longest time following Emperor Showa and Emperor Meiji between Emperor Keitai and the present Imperial family; some people argue that Emperor Suiko or Emperor Tenmu was the actual first emperor and before these emperors there existed the great King of Yamato; but we will put aside this theory for now.
- 事務管理又は不当利得の当事者は、その原因となる事実が発生した後において、事務管理又は不当利得によって生ずる債権の成立及び効力について適用すべき法を変更することができる。ただし、第三者の権利を害することとなるときは、その変更をその第三者に対抗することができない。
- The parties to the management without mandate or unjust enrichment may change a law applicable to the formation and effect of a claim arising from the management without mandate or unjust enrichment after the facts constituting the cause of it occurred; provided, however, that if such change prejudices the rights of a third party, it may not be asserted against the third party.
- 内閣総理大臣又は都道府県知事は、第三条第一項の登録を受けようとする者が次の各号のいずれかに該当するとき、又は登録申請書若しくはその添付書類のうちに重要な事項について虚偽の記載があり、若しくは重要な事実の記載が欠けているときは、その登録を拒否しなければならない。
- The Prime Minister or prefectural governor shall refuse to register a person who wishes to be registered under Article 3, paragraph (1) when said person falls under any of the following items, or when a written application for registration or the documents attached thereto contain any false statement about important matters or lack statements about material facts:
- 重要な事項について虚偽の記載があり、又は記載すべき重要な事項若しくは誤解を生じさせないために必要な重要な事実の記載が欠けている公開買付説明書(第二項において準用する第二十七条の九第三項の規定により訂正された公開買付説明書を含む。次項において同じ。)を作成した者
- a person who prepares a Tender Offer Statement (including a Tender Offer Statement amended under Article 27-9(3) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (2); hereinafter the same shall apply in this paragraph and the following paragraph) that contains any fake statement on important matters or lacks a statement on any important matters that should be stated or on a material fact that is necessary for avoiding misunderstanding.
- 殆どの天皇には、譲位後すみやかに太上天皇号が奉られるが、退位によって自動的に奉られるものではないので、淡路廃帝(淳仁天皇)のようにクーデター的に廃位されたり、安徳天皇や九条廃帝(仲恭天皇)のように退位・即位の事実が曖昧にされたりして、尊号が奉られなかった例もある。
- To most Emperors, the titles of Daijo Tenno were awarded soon after transfer of the throne but, because it was not awarded automatically with the transfer, there were cases where the honorary titles were not awarded as was the case with Awaji haitei (the deposed Emperor of Awaji) (Emperor Junnin), who was abdicated in something like a coup, and with Emperor Antoku and Dethroned Emperor Kujo (Emperor Chukyo) whose abdication and enthronement were made obscure.
- この法律において「主要株主基準値」とは、総株主の議決権の百分の二十(会社の財務及び営業の方針の決定に対して重要な影響を与えることが推測される事実が存在するものとして内閣府令で定める要件に該当する者が当該会社の議決権の保有者である場合にあつては、百分の十五)をいう。
- The term 'Lowest Threshold for a Major Shareholder' as used in this Act means twenty hundredths (fifteen hundredths in the case where a person who falls under the requirements specified by Cabinet Office Ordinance as the existence of a fact that is expected to have a material effect on the decisions on the financial and business policies of the company holds voting rights in the company) of the voting rights of all shareholders.
- このような経歴から、賀茂神社間の争いに関わる話や、事実上中世最後となった文正元年(1466年)の大嘗祭に関する記事、公家と武家(室町幕府)の関係、応仁の乱の経緯、頻発した土一揆の様子、さらに普段の公家の生活などが詳細に記されており、同時代を知る上での一級史料といえる。
- From such a career, the diary has detailed entries about conflicts between the Kamo-jinja Shrines, the Great Thanksgiving Festival in 1466 that in fact became the last such festival held in the medieval period, the relationship between court aristocrats and warriors (Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun)), the circumstances of the Onin War, what the frequently-occurring do-ikki (uprisings of cultivators and other commoners) were like, and the ordinary life of court nobles, etc., so it is an important historical source to know about this period.
- とはいえ一介の国人であった伊達氏が、京都扶持衆に列したのを契機に中央政界との緊密性を獲得し、陸奥国守護職補任、さらには室町幕府において足利一門にのみ許されてきた奥州探題職に補任、かつ足利一門屈指の名門で斯波氏の同族 大崎氏に庶子を入嗣として送り込み事実上の傘下に治めた。
- Nevertheless, what a mere local lord, the Date clan, had done at that time, such as establishing a close relationship with a central government after appointed as Kyoto fuchishu, holding the posts of Mutsu shugoshiki and even Oshu Tandai which was reserved for the Ashikaga clan and also putting the Osaki clan, a family line of the Shiba clan (the most powerful Ashikaga family) under its control by sending its illegitimate child to the Osaki clan, were not what other local lords could easily achieve.
- 破産者が支払の停止又は破産手続開始の申立て(以下この節において「支払の停止等」という。)があった後にした破産債権者を害する行為。ただし、これによって利益を受けた者が、その行為の当時、支払の停止等があったこと及び破産債権者を害する事実を知らなかったときは、この限りでない。
- An act that would prejudice bankruptcy creditors conducted by the bankrupt after suspension of payments or filing of a petition for commencement of bankruptcy proceedings (hereinafter referred to as 'suspension of payments, etc.' in this Section) took place; provided, however, that this shall not apply where the person who has benefited from said act did not know, at the time of the act, the fact that suspension of payments, etc. had taken place nor the fact that the act would prejudice any bankruptcy creditor.
- 戦国時代(せんごくじだい、1493年(1467年)頃-1573年頃)は、1493年の明応の政変頃あるいは1467年の応仁の乱頃をその始期とし、1573年に15代室町将軍足利義昭が織田信長によって追放されて室町幕府が事実上消滅するまでの時代を指す日本の歴史の時代区分の一つ。
- The Sengoku Period in Japan (from around 1493 (or 1467) to around 1573) is a chronological period in the history of Japan that commenced from the Coup of Meio in 1493 or the Onin Disturbance in 1467 and ended by the disappearance of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) with the purge of Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA by Nobunaga ODA, the fifteenth shogun, of the Muromachi bakufu, in 1573.
- 戦国時代 (日本)になると、戦国大名の一円支配が進み、自検断は表向き次第に消滅もしくは縮小していったが、江戸時代以降も村や町(ちょう)といった公認共同体は事実上それに近い自治権を、あたかも自検断権を放棄しているかのごとき建前に立った、政権との妥協と黙認の上に、保持し続けた。
- In the Sengoku period (period of warring states in Japan), ichien shihai (rule the whole territory) by daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) was developed in the Sengoku period and officially Jikendan seemed to disappear and become reduced, however, after the Edo period, authorized communities such as villages and towns (cho) virtually kept possession of their autonomy similar to Jikendan under the compromise and tolerance of the government, standing on the premise that as if they waived their right to judge criminal cases.
- 例示された伊勢貞孝の討伐が象徴的であるが、自前の軍事力を持たない義輝の時代の幕府権力の回復(特に書簡と使者があれば事足りる大名間の調停者としてではなく、軍事力に裏打ちされた畿内の統治者としての権力の回復)は事実上三好長慶の幕府への融和的姿勢により支えられていたものであった。
- As is symbolized by the cited victory over Sadataka ISE, recovery of the Bakufu's power in the age of Yoshiteru, who had no real military force (recovery of power not as a mediator of inter-daimyo (feudal lord) strifes who would need only letters and messengers but as the ruler of the areas surrounding the capital whose position was supported by military force) was virtually supported by the conciliatory posture of Nagayoshi MIYOSHI toward the Bakufu.
- 社会変革を求める政治運動に呼応して、大正末期ごろ興った「プロレタリア文学」運動に見えるように、官憲の弾圧に抵抗しながらも身を隠し、あるいは処罰を覚悟しながらも自らを主張する、その自由獲得への情熱に対する憧れや賛美が、同時代の人々にドラマチックな感動を与えたのも事実であろう。
- As seen in the 'proletarian literature' movement around the end of the Taisho period, in response to the political movement requiring transformation of the society, it was true that the longing and admiration expressed towards the passion to seek freedom by insisting on a person's rights despite the oppression by officials, either in secret, or openly, with the expectation of being punished, left a dramatic impression on the people of that period.
- 塩専売法実施による塩価の急激な高騰は世論を喚起し、非難は少なくなく、明治39年以後議会ごとに廃止論議が行われたが、政府はこれを肯んじることなく、改善に努めるとともに大正7年ついに収益主義を事実上廃し、公益主義を採って需給調節と塩業保護を目的とするようになり非難はおさまった。
- The steep price rise of salt caused by the enactment of the Salt Monopoly Law evoked public opinions, inviting many criticisms, and after 1906, the possibility of abolition of the law was debated at each meeting of the Diet, but the government never accepted it but worked hard to improve the law and virtually abolished private profitalism in 1918, and, by adopting public profitalism, tried to adjust the balance of demand and supply and to protect the salt industry, and then the criticisms subsided.
- 指定紛争解決機関は、手続実施基本契約により加入銀行が負担する義務の不履行が生じた場合において、当該加入銀行の意見を聴き、当該不履行につき正当な理由がないと認めるときは、遅滞なく、当該加入銀行の商号及び当該不履行の事実を公表するとともに、内閣総理大臣に報告しなければならない。
- In cases where non-performance of the obligations to be incurred by a Member Bank under a Basic Contract for Implementation of Dispute Resolution Procedures arises, when a Designated Dispute Resolution Organization has heard opinions from said Member Bank and finds there are no justifiable grounds for such non-performance, said Designated Dispute Resolution Organization shall publicize and report to the Prime Minister the trade name or name of said Member Bank and the fact of such non-performance, without delay.
- もっとも、日中国交回復後、日本から何度も現地へ調査団が派遣されたが源流武術が特定できず、また中国武術についての書籍や動画が出回るにつれ、彼らが伝えた武術と中国武術とはあまり似ていないという事実が知られるようになると、近年では研究者の間で彼らの伝系を疑問視する声も出てきている。
- Some modern researchers, however, have begun to cast doubt on the introduction of Chinese martial arts by the latter group, as it has become widely known, due to the dissemination of books and videos about Chinese martial arts, that the martial arts they introduced to Okinawa don't resemble Chinese martial arts very much, and because prototype Chinese martial arts weren't identified despite several dispatches of investigative teams from Japan to China after the normalization of diplomatic relations between the two countries.
- 本願寺にとって朝倉氏の領国である越前国は加賀の南隣であるだけでなく蓮如のかつての拠点吉崎御坊をはじめとして多くの寺院・門徒がおり、畠山氏の領国である能登国・越中国も加賀の北隣であるだけでなく越中の砺波郡は賀州三ヶ寺の事実上支配下にあり、かねてから畠山氏はその奪還を狙っていた。
- For Hongan-ji Temple, Echizen Province, the territory of the Asakura clan, was not only located to the direct south of Kaga, but there were many temples and followers including Yoshizaki Gobo which was once Rennyo's foothold, and Noto Province and Ecchu Province, the territory of the Hatakeyama clan was not only located to the direct north of Kaga, but Gashu Sanka-ji Temples virtually ruled Tonami County in Ecchu where the Hatakeyama clan was always trying to recapture.
- また前年の慶長13年(1608年)に永楽通宝の通用を禁止する触書が出され、これは事実上、金一両=永樂通寳一貫文とする通用の廃止であったため、金一両=京銭四貫文となり、これは当時の銭相場より銭安に設定されており、小判の価値を高く設定することにより、幕府の権威を示す狙いがあった。
- And in the previous year, 1608, furegaki (bakufu orders) which banned the use of Eiraku-tsuho (bronze coins struck in the Ming dynasty) was issued, which meant actual abolishment of gold 1ryo=Eiraku-tsuho (bronze coins struck in the Ming dynasty) 1 kanmon, making gold 1ryo=Kyosen 4 kanmon, which was set as lower zeni compared to the rate at that time: it aimed to show the authority of bakufu by setting the value of Koban high.
- ところが、二条家が居住して以後、度重なる火災などの災害、そして応仁の乱にも被害を受けなかった筈の押小路烏丸殿が文明9年11月11日 (旧暦)(1477年12月16日)に放火によって焼失してしまう(奇しくもこの日は大内氏の撤退によって応仁の乱の戦闘が事実上終了した日であった)。
- However, Oshikoji Karasumadono residence, which survived several disasters such as fires and the Onin War since the time when the Nijo family moved in, was burned down in an arson attack on December 25, 1477 (by cruel coincidence, it was the day the Oni War practically ended as the result of the retreat of the Ouchi clan).
- 元正天皇(元正天皇)は即位直前に一品を与えられたこと、孝謙天皇の後継者に擬えられた道祖王(廃太子)及び大炊王(淳仁天皇)がいずれも一品親王である新田部親王・舎人親王(いずれも故人)の子であり、陽成天皇の事実上の廃位後に立てられた時康親王(光孝天皇)は当時唯一の一品親王であった。
- The Empress Gensho was conferred Ippon just before the enthronement, and Funado no Okimi (the deposed crown prince) and the Prince Oi (the Emperor Junnin) who were the sons of both Ippon Shinno, the Imperial Prince Niitabe and the Imperial Prince Toneri (both deceased); the Imperial Prince Tokiyasu (the Emperor Koko) was the only Ippon Shinno at that time when he ascended after the Emperor Yozei's de facto dethronement.
- 東大寺は二月堂・法華堂・正倉院・南大門・鐘楼・転害門・念仏堂などが焼け残り、被害そのものは源平の戦いの時に行われた平重衡の南都焼討よりも少なかったが、類焼によって炎上した前回とは違い、東大寺そのものが戦場になり、なおかつ大仏殿に直接火がかけられたと言う事実は内外に衝撃を与えた。
- The surviving buildings of Todai-ji Temple included Nigatsudo, Hokkedo, Shosoin, Nandaimon (literally 'southern big gate'), Shoro (bell tower), Tengaimon (literally 'the gate of shifting the evil') and Nenbutsudo (Buddha invocation hall); although the extent of destruction was smaller than in the burning of Nato by TAIRA no Shigehira during the Taira-Minamoto War, the very fact that Todai-ji Temple itself became a battlefield unlike in the past incident, in which the temple had caught fire from next door, and Daibutsu-den (the Great Buddha hall) itself was set fire shocked people both in and out of the area.
- 転用として、実際の目的を告げず気の弱い消費者を取り囲んだり承諾するまで決して帰らない、帰らせないなどする点から展示会商法(絵画商法など)や催眠商法等の悪質商法の勧誘方法、または最初の段階で事実を隠して勧誘することから風俗店のスカウト等を業者側が自嘲的に折伏と表現することがある。
- As diversion, inducement methods employed in such vicious sales activities as exhibition selling (painting selling) which is to surround a weak-hearted consumer without telling the real purpose and never leave nor let him or her go till he or she agrees, hypnotic selling, and so on, or adult-entertainment business's scouting activities inducing girls with the truth hidden at the first stage, are sometimes called shakubuku in a self-mocking manner by the vendors.
- 判決に憲法の解釈の誤りがあることその他憲法の違反があることを理由とする上告の場合における上告の理由の記載は、憲法の条項を掲記し、憲法に違反する事由を示してしなければならない。この場合において、その事由が訴訟手続に関するものであるときは、憲法に違反する事実を掲記しなければならない。
- In cases of filing a final appeal by reason that a judgment contains a misconstruction of the Constitution or any other violation of the Constitution, the reasons for the final appeal shall be stated by setting down the relevant provisions of the Constitution and indicating the grounds for the violation of the Constitution. In this case, if the grounds relate to court proceedings, the fact in violation of the Constitution shall be set down.
- 金融商品仲介業者は、その行う金融商品仲介業に関して広告その他これに類似するものとして内閣府令で定める行為をするときは、金融商品取引行為を行うことによる利益の見込みその他内閣府令で定める事項について、著しく事実に相違する表示をし、又は著しく人を誤認させるような表示をしてはならない。
- A Financial Instruments Intermediary Service Provider, when advertising the contents of its Financial Instruments Intermediary Service or conducting any similar acts specified by a Cabinet Office Ordinance, shall not make an indication that is significantly contradictory to facts or seriously misleading with regard to the outlook of profits from conducting an Act of Financial Instruments Transactions and other matters specified by a Cabinet Office Ordinance.
- 、徳川秀忠が幕府御船手頭向井忠勝に建造させた史上最大級の安宅船「安宅丸」は、総櫓及び船体の総てに防火・防蝕を目的とした銅板貼りが施されていた事が幕府の公式な記録から確認されており、1635年当時、軍船の表面に金属板を貼るという発想が存在していた事そのものは疑いがたい事実と言えよう。
- From the official bakufu documents it is confirmed that the 'Atake Maru', the largest Ataka bune in history, which Hidetada TOKUGAWA ordered Tadakatsu MUKAI, the chief of the bakufu navy to build, had all oars and the whole hull covered with copper plates for the prevention of fire and erosion, which proves a definite fact that an idea of covering the surface of a warship existed in 1635.
- 元来、外国官(後の外務省)にいた肥前藩出身の大隈が財政を扱うようになったのは、江戸幕府及び明治政府及び諸藩による大量の悪金(贋金)発行の事実が発覚し、諸外国より抗議が殺到したことにより、明治政府の貨幣改革に一転して外交交渉が付随することになった特殊事情によるものである(高輪談判)。
- Okuma, who was from Hizen Province and used to work for Office of Foreign Affairs (later Ministry of Foreign Affairs), started to handle financial matters, as a revelation of a mass issuance of bad money (false currency) by the Edo Shogunate, the Meiji government and various domains triggered a flood of protests from foreign countries, and thus diplomatic negotiation suddenly became necessary for the currency reform of the Meiji government (Takanawa negotiation).
- 金融商品取引業者等は、その行う金融商品取引業に関して広告その他これに類似するものとして内閣府令で定める行為をするときは、金融商品取引行為を行うことによる利益の見込みその他内閣府令で定める事項について、著しく事実に相違する表示をし、又は著しく人を誤認させるような表示をしてはならない。
- A Financial Instruments Business Operator, etc., when advertising the contents of his/her Financial Instruments Business or conducting any similar acts specified by a Cabinet Office Ordinance, may not make an indication that is significantly contradictory to facts or seriously misleading with regard to the outlook of profits from conducting an Act of Financial Instruments Transaction and other matters specified by a Cabinet Office Ordinance.
- 幕末になって江戸幕府及び諸藩は、火縄銃装備の「鉄砲組」を廃止し、洋式銃装備の「歩兵隊」や「銃隊」を作る必要に迫られたが、従来の足軽隊は既に整理され事実上消滅し、残りも最低定員で末端役人や治安警備担当に振り分けられていたため、新たに人員を募集し戦国時代の足軽隊に似た歩兵部隊を創設した。
- At the end of the Edo period, the Edo bakufu and the domains abolished the 'firearm units' which bore matchlock guns and there was a growing need to form western-style infantry units and musket units, but due to the fact that the preexisting ashigaru units had already been disbanded and had virtually disappeared, with those remaining serving as low-level officials and security police, new personnel was recruited and infantry units resembling the ashigaru units of the Sengoku period were created.
- しかも、世襲化されている旧来の姓(カバネ)ではなく、全く新たな姓(カバネ)である真人(まひと)・朝臣(あそん)・宿禰(すくね)・忌寸(いみき)を導入し、それらを賦与ないし継承させる氏上(うじのかみ)を直系親族に限定し、その許認可権すら当初は天武天皇自ら握っていたという事実は動かない。
- Furthermore, the fact remains that Emperor Tenmu introduced new kabane such as mahito, ason, sukune and imiki rather than using the ones that had already been passed on, that he allowed only the members of an immediate Imperial Family to be in the position of Ujinokami which had the right to give kabane, and that he even had the authority to give permission in the beginning.
- 大学寮が設置された当初、一般官人を育てる本科(明経道)と技術官人を育てる算道しか事実上存在していなかったが、神亀年間に律令を教える律学博士(後の明法博士)と歴史を教える文章博士が明経道から分離する形で成立し、やがて天平年間に独立した学科となり、後の明法道・紀伝道へと発展することとなる。
- In the early days of the Daigaku-ryo, the regular course (Myogyodo) for the education of general government officials and Sando, for the education of technical government officials, were virtually the only ones in existence, but somewhere between 724 and 729, Ritsugaku hakase (later Myoho hakase) (professor of law, for the teaching of the Ritsuryo Code) and Monjo hakase (professor of literature. for the teaching of history) were established by separating from Myogyodo, subsequently becoming independent departments between 729 and 748; they would later evolve into Myobodo (study of Code) and Kidendo (study of the histories).
- 聖武天皇の出家(神⇒仏)、孝謙太上天皇の再即位(仏⇒神)など神仏混交が進み天皇の地位が変質するなか、孝謙天皇(称徳天皇)の看病禅師として宮中に入り、寵愛されるようになっていた道鏡は、天皇に準ずる法王に即位し、家政機関も設置されるなど事実上の女帝との共同統治者となり仏教事業や神祇を司った。
- While Shinto and Buddhist deities progressed to commingle and the position of the Emperor was transformed, with the entry of Emperor Shomu into priesthood (God to Buddha) and the re-enthronement of the Retired Empress Koken (Buddha to God), Dokyo, who entered the imperial court as a nursing-dhyana-priest for Empress Koken (Empress Shotoku) and had been favored by her, was enthroned as the Priest Emperor, acting correspondingly with the Emperor, and he became the de-facto co-governor with the Empress, in charge of the management Buddhism business and religious ceremonies for gods of heaven and earth.
- 現在残されている談判に記した記録によれば、談判は終始パークスの独断場であり、明治政府が改税約書違反の悪貨を鋳造し、諸藩が贋貨を鋳造していたとする事実を示す証拠を次々と突きつけていった(一部記録によると政府側の要領を得ない回答に興奮して、傍にあったコップを叩き割ってしまったとされている)。
- According to the records written down during the negotiation that remains today, the negotiation was entirely in the hands of Parkes from start to finish, and he confronted the government with evidence indicating the fact that the Meiji Government coined bad money violating the kaizeiyakusho, and that domains coined counterfeit money (according to a part of the records, Parkes became worked up over an answer by the government which was off the point, and hit and broke a cup near him).
- なお、『秩父事件史料集成』の編纂に参加した歴史学者の色川大吉は、当時の明治政府側の公文書の分析によって、明治政府が西南戦争に準じた「反乱」として認識していた事実を指摘している(なお、取調調書には参加者の最終的な目標が「天朝様(天皇)を倒す」ことであるとする自白があったとする記述がある)。
- A historian, Daikichi IROKAWA, who participated in compiling 'Chichibu Jiken Siryo Hensan (A Collection of Chichibu Incident Data) ', through an analysis of documents of the Meiji Government, pointed out that the incident was taken by the government a 'revolt' equivalent to the Seinan War (the interrogation record included a description of a confession that the final goal of the participants was 'to defeat the Emperor').
- 法令上必要とされる資格がなかったこと又は失われるに至ったことが判明した場合に必ずすることとされている不利益処分であって、その資格の不存在又は喪失の事実が裁判所の判決書又は決定書、一定の職に就いたことを証する当該任命権者の書類その他の客観的な資料により直接証明されたものをしようとするとき。
- when rendering Adverse Dispositions which must be rendered when it is ascertained that some person's qualifications required by laws and regulations are lacking or have been lost, and when the fact of the non-existence of the qualifications or their loss has been expressly established by a written judgment or decision of court, by the document of the appointer which corroborates that person's assuming the specific position, or by some other objective documents;
- 前各項の規定は、内閣総理大臣が、第一項の規定により提出される訂正発行登録書(当該訂正発行登録書に係る参照書類を含む。)のうちに重要な事項について虚偽の記載があり、又は記載すべき重要な事項若しくは誤解を生じさせないために必要な重要な事実の記載が欠けていることを発見した場合について準用する。
- The provisions of the preceding paragraphs shall apply mutatis mutandis to the case where the Prime Minister finds that an Amended Shelf Registration Statement submitted under paragraph (1) (including Reference Documents referenced therein) contains any fake statement on important matters, or lacks a statement on important matters that should be stated or on a material fact that is necessary for avoiding misunderstanding.
- この観点より、真言律宗がどの新仏教宗派よりも先に国家公認の戒壇に代わる独自の戒壇を樹立して独自の授戒を開始し、社会事業を通じて非人などの社会的弱者を救済し、あるいはこれまで国家から授戒を拒否されてきた女性(尼)への授戒を認めるなど、個人の救済を通じて社会に対する布教を行った事実を指摘した。
- From these points of view, he pointed out the facts that the Shingon-ritsu sect established original Kaidan (platform for Buddhist rite of giving the commandments) for the official Kaidan which had been designated by the nation to give people the commandments independently, and taught people through 'the relief of the individual' including the relief of the socially vulnerable people such as hinin (the people at the lowest rank in Japanese caste system of the Edo period) by conducting social works, and the approval for giving the commandments to women (nun) who had been forbade to receive them by the nation.
- 1953年(昭和28年)、京都府山城町 (京都府)(現・木津川市)の椿井大塚山古墳から神獣鏡が出土すると、小林行雄は同型の鏡が日本各地の古墳から出土している事実に着目し、邪馬台国が大和に所在し、のちのヤマト王権が卑弥呼に下賜された神獣鏡を各地の豪族に与えたとする古代政権成立過程を提唱した。
- When Shinjukyo (the mirror engraved divine beasts) was discovered in the Tsubaiotsukayama-kofun Tumulus in Yamashiro-cho, Kyoto Prefecture (Kyoto Prefecture) (currently, Kizugawa City) in 1953, Yukio KOBAYASHI focused on the fact that the same form of mirrors were discovered in the various places in Japan and advocated Yamatai-Koku kingdom located in Yamato and the process of the establishment of an ancient government that Shinjukyo granted to Himiko by later Yamato sovereignty (the ancient Japan sovereignty) were given to Gozoku (local ruling family) in the various places.
- この法令によって意図されたものとしては、今後の室町幕府の土地に関する基本的原則と所領訴訟に対する姿勢が確立して、結果的には守護領国制が事実上公認されたこと、半済から守られることとなった天皇家や摂関家との関係を強化して後年の義満による朝廷・院政支配への道を開いたことの意味の方が大きいと言える。
- Among the goals in the enactment of this law, the following points can be regarded as more significant than others: First, the basic principles of administration of territories and the basic approach toward litigation over territories were established by the Muromachi bakufu, resulting in the de facto recognition of the Shugo-ryogoku system; second, the relationships with the Imperial family and Sekkan-ke, both of which were exempt from hanzei by this law, were strengthened, clearing the way for Yoshimitsu to rule over the Imperial Court and the Retired Emperor in later years.
- →中国・インドなどいわゆる開発途上国の排出量が増加しているのは事実であるが、2007年には世界最大の排出国であるアメリカ合衆国に匹敵すると言われる中国ですら人口一人あたりの排出量は約1/4であることの難しさも内包している(逆にいえば一人あたり排出量の多い国の削減幅が足りないという話にもなる)。
- ->It is a fact that the emission amount of developing countries such as China, India and so on is increasing, but in 2007, even in China, which is said to be comparable to the United States of America, the largest emitter in the world, the per capita emission amount is about 1/4 of the United States; this makes things difficult, in other words, the reduction rate of a country whose per capita emission amount is large is not enough.
- しかも旧雑戸の人々は身分的に公民から雑戸に戻された訳ではない事は天平勝宝年間以後に雑戸籍が作成された事実が無いことからも明らかであり、旧雑戸の人々が徴用されたとしても、実際には律令で定められた雑徭の範疇で官司に奉仕したと考えられる(これは同様の解放経過を辿った馬飼のその後の待遇からも推定できる)。
- In addition, the rank of former zakko people was not changed from the citizen to zakko again, as is obvious from the fact that zakkoseki was not prepared after the Tenpyo-shoho era, thus they are thought in fact to have served government offices within the scope of zoyo defined under the ritsuryo codes even when requisitioned (this can also be assumed from the subsequent treatment of umakai which followed the similar emancipation process.)
- 特に加賀においては3男蓮綱の松岡寺・4男蓮誓の光教寺・7男蓮悟の本泉寺(初代住持は次男蓮乗)の「賀州三ヶ寺(加賀三山)」を法主の現地における代行として頂点に置き国内の寺院・門徒を統率することが求められていた(この体制を特に事実上の最高執行機関となった松岡寺と本泉寺の両寺院より「両御山」体制も呼ぶ)。
- Especially in Kaga Province, Shoko-ji Temple of the 3rd son Renko, Kokyo-ji Temple of the 4th son Rensei, and Honsen-ji Temple of the 7th son Rengo (the first chief priest was the second son Renjo)--'Gashu Sanka-ji Temples (Kaga Sanzan) [Three Temples in Kaga Province]'--were placed at the top as local representatives of hoshu and required to direct the temples and followers in the province (this system was especially called the 'ryogozan' (two temples) system because of the two virtually highest executive temples, Shoko-ji Temple and Honsen-ji Temple).
- 律令制の衰退によって朝廷自体が天皇家の家政機関としての色彩を強めてくると、内蔵頭には蔵人頭や弁官・近衛府を歴任した四位の殿上人が就任するのが慣例となり、更に院政期には財力を有する有力な受領に移り、室町時代初期には山科家の当主が御厨子所別当を兼務して就任するようになると、以後同家の事実上の世襲となった。
- As the Ritsuryo system declined and the court itself started to function as the institution to manage the Emperor's family's household, it became tradition for the position of Kuranokami (the chief of Kuraryo) to be filled by court officials of the fourth rank that had previously been Kurodonoto (the chief of Kurodo Dokoro) or worked in the Benkan (clerical section) or Konoefu (Imperial palace guards), and then in the period of governments by cloistered emperors became a position for prominent Zuryo (head of provincial government) with strong financial power, and in the early Muromachi period, the Yamashina family held the position together with the position, Mizushidokoro Betto (superintendent of the cooking section for the emperor), and it has been essentially their hereditary post ever since.
- 前項に規定する場合において、相続人が既に同項の反対給付を受けているときは、相続人は、当該反対給付を破産財団に返還しなければならない。ただし、相続人が当該反対給付を受けた当時、破産手続開始の原因となる事実又は破産手続開始の申立てがあったことを知らなかったときは、その現に受けている利益を返還すれば足りる。
- In the case prescribed in the preceding paragraph, if the heir has already received the counter-performance set forth in said paragraph, the heir shall return the counter-performance to the bankruptcy estate; provided, however, that if the heir did not know, at the time of receiving the counter-performance, the fact constituting the grounds for the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings or the filing of a petition for commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, it shall be sufficient for the heir to return the enrichment that he/she actually enjoys.
- 内閣総理大臣は、登録金融機関の営業所若しくは事務所の所在地を確知できないとき、又は登録金融機関を代表する役員の所在を確知できないときは、内閣府令で定めるところにより、その事実を公告し、その公告の日から三十日を経過しても当該登録金融機関から申出がないときは、当該登録金融機関の登録を取り消すことができる。
- When the locations of business offices or offices of a Registered Financial Institution are not ascertained or the whereabouts of the Officer representing the Registered Financial Institution is not ascertained, the Prime Minister shall give a public notice to that effect pursuant to the provisions of a Cabinet Office Ordinance and may rescind registration of said Registered Financial Institution if no request has been submitted by said Registered Financial Institution even after 30 days since the day of the public notice.
- 預託等取引業者又は勧誘者は、預託等取引契約の締結又は更新についての勧誘をするときは、預託等取引契約に関する事項及び特定商品又は施設利用権の購入に関する事項であつて、顧客の判断に影響を及ぼすこととなる重要なものとして政令で定めるものにつき、故意に事実を告げず、又は不実のことを告げる行為をしてはならない。
- When a deposit, etc. servicer or a solicitor solicits the conclusion or renewal of a deposit, etc. transaction agreement, he/she shall not intentionally fail to provide a fact, nor shall he/she make a misrepresentation, in relation to the matters specified by Cabinet Order as important matters that may have an impact on the customers' decision concerning the deposit, etc. transaction agreement or concerning the purchase of the specified commodities or facility use rights.
- 第三百二十七条第一項(第三百八十条第二項において準用する場合を含む。次条において同じ。)の上告又は再審の訴えの提起があった場合において、不服の理由として主張した事情が法律上理由があるとみえ、事実上の点につき疎明があり、かつ、執行により償うことができない損害が生ずるおそれがあることにつき疎明があったとき。
- Where an appeal set forth in Article 327(1) (including cases where applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 380(2); the same shall apply in the following Article) or an action for retrial is filed, and the circumstances alleged as reasons for appeal appear to be legally well-grounded, a prima facie showing is made on factual matters, and a prima facie showing is made to the effect that execution is likely to cause damage for which compensation cannot be made.
- 木戸はこの事情を知って、4月17日付で吉井友実に託して大久保に送った手紙において、貨幣の流通の現状は「全身不随」であり、このような状況を放置しては大政一新(明治維新)はままならないこと、そして遠回しながら薩摩藩が自ら贋貨製造の事実を明らかにしなければ、維新における薩摩藩の名声は地に落ちることになると説いた。
- KIDO found out about these circumstances, and on a letter dated April 17 which he entrusted Tomozane YOSHII and sent to OKUBO, he explained that the present situation of the currency circulation is 'totally paralyzed,' and that if this situation is left alone the Imperial Rule Restoration (Meiji Restoration) would not go as they wanted, along with indirectly saying that if the Satsuma Domain did not reveal by themselves the fact that they were manufacturing counterfeit money, the Satsuma Domain's reputation regarding the restoration would be ruined.
- ところが、後継者とされた順如(父に先立ち死去)・実如はともかく、他の5人の男子のうち4人が北陸に派遣されて共同で加賀とその周辺の事実上の国主としての地位を得たのにも関わらず、6男の蓮淳だけは順如が遺した顕証寺の住持に補されて畿内に留められ、教団内において大きな仕事を与えられてこなかったことに不満を抱いていた。
- Even though Jyunnyo (who died before his father) and Jitsunyo were treated as successor and the four of the other five sons were dispatched to Hokuriku and virtually gained the positions of kokushu (landed daimyo) in Kaga and the surrounded provinces, the sixth son Renjun was appointed to the chief priest of Kensho-ji Temple which Jyunnyo left and forced to remain in Kinai, which made him discontent about not being given an important mission in the religious community.
- 万延二分判(まんえんにぶばん)は万延元年(1860年)4月10日より発行され、2枚の量目では同時に発行された万延小判を上回るが、含有金量では劣る名目貨幣で一両あたりの含有金量では江戸時代を通じて最低のものであり、発行高は万延小判をはるかに凌ぎ、金貨流通の主導権を握り、小判に代わり事実上の本位貨幣的地位を制した。
- Manen nibuban was issued from May 30, 1860 and the ryome of two coins was more than Manen nibuban that was issued at the same time, however it was nominal money having the least content of gold through the Edo period and the issued amount was much more than Manen koban taking initialtive of gold coin distribution and it was positioned as standard coin in effect in place of koban.
- 前項の所得等報告書の提出は、納税申告書(国税通則法(昭和三十七年法律第六十六号)第二条第六号に規定する納税申告書をいう。以下同じ。)の写しを提出することにより行うことができる。この場合において、同項第一号イ又はロに掲げる金額が百万円を超えるときは、その基因となった事実を当該納税申告書の写しに付記しなければならない。
- Officials can submit a report of income, etc. set forth in the preceding paragraph by submitting a copy of the tax return form (this refers to the tax return form provided for in item 6 of Article 2 of the Act on General Rules for National Tax (Act No. 66 of 1962); the same shall apply hereinafter). In this case, if an amount listed in (a) or (b) of item 1 in the same paragraph exceeds 1,000,000 yen, the fact of the basic cause shall be denoted in the copy of the tax return form.
- Self-defense forces personnel can submit a report of income, etc. set forth in the preceding paragraph by submitting a copy of the tax return form (this refers to the tax return form provided for in item (vi) of Article 2 of the Act on General Rules for National Tax (Act No. 66 of 1962); the same shall apply hereinafter). In this case, if an amount listed in (a) or (b) of item 1 in the same paragraph exceeds 1,000,000 yen, the fact of the basic cause shall be denoted in the copy of the tax return form.
- 鈴木英夫は『日本書紀』編纂時に白村江の敗戦を契機とする八世紀代律令国家の新羅「蕃国」視によって、「在安羅諸倭臣」は百済王の統制に服し、倭王権の派遣軍は百済の「傭兵」的性格を帯びていたという事実が誇張・拡大されて「任那日本府」の存在や倭王権の「官家」たる百済・「任那」の従属を核とする内容の史的構想が成立したと指摘する。
- Hideo SUZUKI has pointed out the following; after the defeat at the Battle of Hakusukinoe, the vision to see Silla as a 'barbarian country' by the Japanese nation under the ritsuryo codes in the eighth century exaggerated the fact that 'Japanese followers of Alla' were controlled by King Baekje and that the dispatched army of the Yamato Dynasty was a kind of 'mercenary' of Baekje, and as a result, the historical idea centering on the existence of a 'Japanese government at Minama' and the subordinance of Baekje and 'Minama' which were '官家' of the Yamato Dynasty was established when 'Ninhonshoki' was compiled.
- 明治政府は、1870年の平民苗字許容令、1872年(明治5年)の壬申戸籍編纂の二段階によって「氏(シ、うじ)=姓(セイ、本姓)=苗字=名字」の一元化を成し遂げ、旧来の氏(ウヂ)・姓(カバネ)を公称することを自ら廃止したため、事実上、「藤原」などの旧来の氏(ウヂ)・「朝臣」などの姓(カバネ)は、その役割を完全に終えた。
- The use of traditional uji including 'Fujiwara' and kabane including 'ason' was banned and finished its role when the Meiji Government was able to unify the 'uji = family name' by issuing the order to allow all commoners to have family names in 1870 and the compilation of Jinshin-koseki (family registries in Jinshin) in 1872.
- そのため池田亀鑑などはこの伝承を「とりあげるに足りない奇怪な説」に過ぎないとして事実ではないとしているが、和辻哲郎は、「現在の源氏物語には読者が現在知られていない光源氏についての何らかの周知の物語が存在することを前提として初めて理解できる部分が存在する。」として「これはいきなり斥くべき説ではなかろうと思う」と述べている。
- Therefore, Kikan IKEDA considers the folklore to be an untruth, as 'a bizarre rumor that doesn't deserve to be taken seriously'; however, Tetsuro WATSUJI states, 'The Tale of Genji has mysterious parts that readers can't understand until they have noticed the existence of some other tales on Hikaru Genji, which the present readers don't know about but once existed,' adding, 'This is not a supposition that should be immediately rejected.'
- しかしこのような歴史的経緯や写本を外形的な特徴に基づいて分類することが本文そのものの内容の分類として正しい、妥当なものであるのかどうか、そもそも「青表紙本」や「河内本」が成立したのは事実であるとしても本文の系統としてそのような区分を立てることが妥当なのかどうかについての検討をすることも無かった点には注意を払う必要がある。
- However, it should be noted that there is a question as to whether the manner of grouping is reasonable as a classification of the text itself based on its historical situation or its outward form, and in the first place, even though it was true that 'Aobyoshibon' and 'Kawachibon' were made, it is questionable whether it was really necessarily to sort them as a line of the text.
- 不動産又は船舶に関し破産手続開始前に生じた登記原因に基づき破産手続開始後にされた登記又は不動産登記法(平成十六年法律第百二十三号)第百五条第一号の規定による仮登記は、破産手続の関係においては、その効力を主張することができない。ただし、登記権利者が破産手続開始の事実を知らないでした登記又は仮登記については、この限りでない。
- A registration or a provisional registration under the provision of Article 105(i) of the Real Property Registration Act (Act No. 123 of 2004), which is made with respect to real property or a vessel after the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings based on a cause of registration that occurred prior to the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, may not be asserted as effective in relation to the bankruptcy proceedings; provided, however, that this shall not apply to a registration or provisional registration made by a person entitled to demand registration, without knowledge of the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings.
- 現在、総領家三十二世の姪、小笠原敬承斎なる宗家と称する者が小笠原伯爵邸を教場として教授しているが、(1)歴史的に小笠原弓馬術礼法の三法をもって小笠原流とする本流に反すること、(2)全国各地の神社での神事を行っていないこと、(3)弓馬術は武家作法で、歴史的に男系一子相伝、という3点の事実から、敬承斎は「自称宗家」と見るほうが適切。
- Nowadays, Keishosai OGASAWARA, a niece of the 32nd head of the main family, calls herself Soke and teaches classes at Lord Ogasawara's Residence, but she should be considered a 'self-appointed Soke' due to the following three facts: (1) her school goes against the main idea that the Ogasawara school has historically consisted of the three arts of archery, horsemanship and courtesy; (2) her school has not performed shinji (ritual ceremonies) in temples and shrines throughout Japan; and (3) archery and horsemanship are samurai skills and have historically have been handed down to one son only.
- 内閣総理大臣は、登録申請者が次の各号のいずれかに該当するとき(第三号にあつてはその行おうとする業務が投資助言・代理業のみであるときを除く。)、又は登録申請書若しくはこれに添付すべき書類若しくは電磁的記録のうちに虚偽の記載若しくは記録があり、若しくは重要な事実の記載若しくは記録が欠けているときは、その登録を拒否しなければならない。
- The Prime Minister shall refuse registration when an applicant falls under any of the following items (with regard to item (iii), excluding the cases where he/she intends to conduct only Investment Advisory and Agency Business), or a written application for registration or documents or Electromagnetic Records to be attached to it contain fake statement or record or lack statement or record about important matters:
- ところが、1889年2月には運動の盟主に擁されていた後藤象二郎が黒田内閣の逓信大臣として入閣して運動からの撤退を表明(なお、自分抜きの大同団結運動に不快感を抱いた板垣が、黒田清隆側近の時任為基高知県知事とともに後藤に入閣を勧めたとされている)、これを機に3月10日には運動は河野の大同倶楽部と大井の大同協和会に分裂して事実上崩壊した。
- However, Shojiro GOTO, the leader of the movement, was appointed to the Kuroda Cabinet as a Minister of Communications and announced that he would withdraw from the movement in February, 1889 (It is said that Itagaki, who was displeased that he was alienated from the movement to unite for a common purpose, and Governor Tametomo TOKITO of Kochi Prefecture, who was a close associate of Seiki KURODA, encouraged Goto to enter the Cabinet), which led the movement to be divided into two groups: Daido kurabu (uniting for a common purpose club) led by KONO and Daido Kyowakai (uniting for a common purpose harmonious meeting) led by Oi, and then the movement virtually collapsed.
- その一方で、パークスが談判を仕切ったためにフランス公使によって出された損害賠償要求は事実上無視され、大隈の通貨改革についての異論は公使達からも三条・岩倉ら太政官首脳からも出されること無く、内外からの承認を得る形となり、結果的には明治政府による自主的な通貨改革そのものについては、大隈案に沿った形での方針が認められることになったのである。
- On the other hand, because Parkes ran the negotiation, the claim for loss put out by the French minister was virtually ignored, and objections to OKUMA's currency reform did not occur by the ministers or the heads of the Daijokan, such as SANJYO and IWAKURA, leading to an agreement from both Japan and foreign countries, and as a result the independent currency reform by the Meiji Government itself was accepted to take the shape of a policy in accordance with OKUMA's proposal.
- 首都否定論の立場からは、『平家物語』などの文学作品に語られる「福原遷都」の実態については、平氏政権が和田(神戸市)方面への遷都を目的として福原に行宮を置いたに過ぎず、それによって平安京が従来の首都機能を失った様子も特に見られないことから、建前はどうあれ、福原は京都の機能を軍事・貿易面で補完する事実上の副都に留まった、とする主張がある。
- From the standpoint of negative capital, on the actual condition of 'Transfer of the capital to Fukuhara' talked in the literary work such as 'the Tale of Heike,' some insist that the Taira clan government set Angu (tentative capital) in Fukuhara only for the purposes of transfering the captial toward Wada (Kobe City), and since Heian-Kyo did not lose any function as a traditional capital, Fukuhara ended up being the sub-capital to complement Kyoto in military and trade functions.
- 第一項に規定する場合における第百六十二条第一項第一号の規定の適用については、債権者が受託者等又は会計監査人であるときは、その債権者は、同号に掲げる行為の当時、同号イ又はロに掲げる場合の区分に応じ、それぞれ当該イ又はロに定める事実(同号イに掲げる場合にあっては、支払不能であったこと及び支払の停止があったこと)を知っていたものと推定する。
- For the purpose of application of the provision of Article 162(1)(i) in the case referred to in paragraph (1), if the creditor is the trustee, etc. or accounting auditor, the creditor shall be presumed to have known, at the time of the act set forth in Article 162(1)(i), either of the facts set forth in (a) or (b) of Article 162(1)(i) for the cases listed in (a) or (b), respectively (in the case set forth in (a), both the facts that the bankrupt was unable to pay debts and that the bankrupt suspended payments).
- 登録された職員団体が職員団体でなくなつたとき、登録された職員団体について第二項から第四項までの規定に適合しない事実があつたとき、又は登録された職員団体が第九項の規定による届出をしなかつたときは、人事院は、人事院規則で定めるところにより、六十日を超えない範囲内で当該職員団体の登録の効力を停止し、又は当該職員団体の登録を取り消すことができる。
- When a registered employee organization ceases to be an employee organization, when it has been found that a registered employee organization no longer conforms to the provisions set forth in paragraphs 2 to 4 inclusive, or when a registered employee organization has failed to submit the notification as provided for in paragraph 9, the National Personnel Authority may suspend the effect of its registration for a period not exceeding 60 days or may rescind its registration, pursuant to the provision of rules of the National Personnel Authority.
- 前条第一項又は第二項の規定による公表又は通知(以下この条において「公表等」という。)をしなければならない重要事実についての公表等をせず、又は虚偽の公表等をした会社は、公開買付けに応じて上場株券等の売付け等をした者に対し、公表等がされず又は公表等が虚偽であることにより生じた損害を賠償する責めに任ずる。ただし、次に掲げる場合は、この限りでない。
- If a company fails to make publication or notification (hereinafter referred to as 'Publication, etc.' in this Article) of any Material Fact for which Publication, etc. is required under paragraph (1) or (2) of the preceding Article or makes false Publication, etc. of such Material Fact, the company shall be liable to compensate damage arising from the failure to make Publication, etc. or the false Publication, etc. sustained by a person who makes Sales, etc. of Listed Share Certificates, etc. in response to the Tender Offer; provided, however, that this shall not apply to the following cases:
- 施設若しくは設備の設置、維持若しくは管理又は物の製造、販売その他の取扱いについて遵守すべき事項が法令において技術的な基準をもって明確にされている場合において、専ら当該基準が充足されていないことを理由として当該基準に従うべきことを命ずる不利益処分であってその不充足の事実が計測、実験その他客観的な認定方法によって確認されたものをしようとするとき。
- where laws and regulations clearly provide for, with technical standards, the matters to be complied with concerning the establishment, maintenance or management of facilities or equipment, or concerning the manufacturing, sale or other handling of goods and when rendering Adverse Dispositions ordering to comply with such standards, solely based upon the fact of non-compliance with such standards, which fact has been confirmed by measurement, experimentation, or some other objective method for the determination;
- その後、日中戦争下で汪兆銘政権が成立すると、同政権を擁護する立場から不平等条約破棄が検討され、1940年11月30日に日華基本条約が結ばれて不平等条約は正式に破棄された(ただし、この条約で日本軍の中国国内への駐留が認められ、また満州国を事実上承認する日満華共同宣言が併せて締結されたことから、汪兆銘政権への中国国民の反感を高める結果となっている)。
- After that, when the regime of Wang Zhaoming was established during the second Sino-Japanese War of 1937-1945, Japan, which defended the regime, considered the abrogation of the unequal treaty, the Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and China was concluded on November 30, 1940 and the unequal treaty was formally abrogated (however, the presence of Japanese troops in China was accepted in the treaty, and the Japan-Manchukuo-China Joint Declaration which practically recognized Manchukuo was concluded at the same time, as a result, the hostility of the Chinese people toward the regime of Wang Zhaoming increased).
- 平安時代中期になると、開発領主が自らの土地をこの不輸租田にするために寺社や上級貴族に寄進するようになる(寄進地系荘園)が、不輸租田の指定には勅許とそれに基づく太政官符及び民部省符からなる公験が必要とされており、それらが揃った不輸租田によって構成された荘園を官省符荘、単に国司が承認したために事実上の不輸租田の対象となっていたものを国免荘田と呼ばれた。
- In the mid Heian period, kaihatsu ryoshu (local nobles who actually developed the land) began to donate their land to temples or high-ranking aristocrats in order to make their land fuyusoden (donated-type of shoen [manor]); however, they were required to submit kugen (official documents authorized by kokushi [provincial governor] or Gunji [local magistrate] for transfer of the ownership of private property) consisting of daijokanpu (official document issued by Daijokan, Grand Council of State) and minbushofu (official document issued by the minister of minbusho) based on the chokkyo (the imperial sanction) to have their land designated as fuyusoden -- Shoen which consisted of fuyusoden with the complete set of documents submitted was called Kanshofu sho (a shoen enjoying immunity from taxation by virtue of having official documents from both the Council of State and the Ministry of Popular Affairs), and shoen which was virtually treated as fuyusoden merely with approval of kokushi was called kokumen shoen (provincially exempted shoen).
- 裁判では、食文化の一つである(と主張する)どぶろくを、憲法で保障された人権における幸福追求権において、自家生産・自家消費する事の是非に始まって、「酒税法上で設けられた様々な制限が、事実上において大量生産が可能な設備を保有できる大資本による酒類製造のみを優遇し、小規模の酒類製造業が育たないようにしている」という前田側の主張がクローズアップされている。
- This Trial argued the rights and wrongs of in-house production/consumption of Doburoku, which is (insisted as) one of food cultures, in constitutionally-guaranteed right to pursue happiness, and highlighted the Maeda' claim that 'various restrictions in the Liquor Tax Act actually favor only alcoholic liquor manufacturers with large capital that can possess equipment enabling large-scale production and prevent the development of small-scale alcoholic liquor manufacturers.'
- 但しこれらの伝承は「紫式部が源高明の死を悼んで『源氏物語』を書き始めた」とするどう考えても歴史的事実に合わない説話や、紫式部が菩薩の化身であるといった中世的な神秘的伝承と関連づけて伝えられることも多かったため、古くからこれを否定する言説も多く、近世以降の『源氏物語』研究においては『源氏物語』の成立や構成を考えるための手がかりとされることはなかった。
- However, these traditions have been told in relation to the tale that 'Murasaki Shikibu began writing to comfort her sorrow over the death of MINAMOTO no Takaakira,' which is not true to the historical fact, or in a mysterious medieval folktale that Murasaki Shikibu was an incarnation of Bodhisattva; thus there have been many statements that deny them since old times, and they haven't been taken as clues to consider the formation and structure of 'The Tale of Genji' in the study of 'The Tale of Genji' since modern times.
- 前項本文の規定の適用がある場合において、当該公開買付け当時における当該会社の役員は、当該会社と連帯して同項の規定による賠償の責めに任ずる。ただし、当該役員が、当該会社に重要事実が生じており又は公表等の内容が虚偽であることを知らず、かつ、当該公開買付け当時において相当な注意を用いたにもかかわらず知ることができなかつたことを証明したときは、この限りでない。
- In cases where the main clause of the preceding paragraph is applicable, a person who is an Officer of the company at the Time of Tender Offer shall be held jointly and severally liable for damages under the preceding paragraph with the company; provided, however, that this shall not apply to the cases where the Officer proves that he/she did not know of, and was not able to know of even with reasonable care, the fact that the Material Fact occurred pertaining to the company or the fact that the Publication, etc. contains untruth.
- 主務大臣は、前二項の規定にかかわらず、個人情報取扱事業者が第十六条、第十七条、第二十条から第二十二条まで又は第二十三条第一項の規定に違反した場合において個人の重大な権利利益を害する事実があるため緊急に措置をとる必要があると認めるときは、当該個人情報取扱事業者に対し、当該違反行為の中止その他違反を是正するために必要な措置をとるべきことを命ずることができる。
- Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding two paragraphs, where a business operator handling personal information has violated any of the provisions of Article 16, Article 17, Articles 20 to 22, or paragraph (1) of Article 23, and when the competent minister finds it necessary to take measures urgently as there is the fact of serious infringement of the rights and interests of individuals, the competent minister may order the business operator handling personal information to cease the violation and take other necessary measures to rectify the violation.
- 太古は大きな湖であり、風が吹くと美しい朱色の波が立ったところから、このあたりを丹のうみ・丹波と呼ぶようになったとされており、出雲神話で有名な大国主命が亀岡と嵐山の間にある渓谷を切り開いて水を流し土地を干拓して、切り開いた渓谷を妻神「三穂津姫」の名前にちなみ「保津川・保津峡」と名付けたという伝説も残っており、事実、湖だったことを示す地層も明らかになっている。
- It is said that, because long ago Kameoka Basin was a big lake with beautiful, vermillion waves caused by wind, this area was called 丹のうみ(Ni-no-umi; umi means a lake in English) or 丹波(Tanba; 波 means waves in English); others say that Okuninushi-no-mikoto who is a famous god appearing in the Izumo Shinwa (Myths of Izumo) carved a valley between Kameoka and Arashiyama, and made the water flow, forming land by reclamation, and named the carved valley 'Hozu-gawa River and Hozu-kyo Gorge' after 'Mihotsu-hime,' goddess in the position of wife of Okuninushi-no-mikoto; in fact, a fault has been found that shows that Kameoka Basin used to be a lake.
- 内閣総理大臣は、金融商品取引業者の営業所若しくは事務所の所在地を確知できないとき、又は金融商品取引業者の所在(法人である場合においては、その法人を代表する役員の所在)を確知できないときは、内閣府令で定めるところにより、その事実を公告し、その公告の日から三十日を経過しても当該金融商品取引業者から申出がないときは、当該金融商品取引業者の登録を取り消すことができる。
- When the locations of business offices or offices of a Financial Instruments Business Operator are not ascertained or the whereabouts of a Financial Instruments Business Operator (in the case of a juridical person, the whereabouts of the Officer representing the juridical person) is not ascertained, the Prime Minister shall give a public notice to that effect pursuant to the provisions of a Cabinet Office Ordinance and may rescind registration of said Financial Instruments Business Operator if no request has been submitted by said Financial Instruments Business Operator even after 30 days since the day of the public notice.
- 第十七条の規定は、重要な事項について虚偽の記載があり、又は表示すべき重要な事項若しくは誤解を生じさせないために必要な重要な事実の表示が欠けている公開買付説明書その他の表示を使用して株券等の売付け等をさせた者について準用する。この場合において、同条中「当該有価証券を取得した者」とあるのは、「当該公開買付けに応じて株券等の売付け等をした者」と読み替えるものとする。
- Article 17 shall apply mutatis mutandis to a person who has another person make Sales, etc. of Share Certificates, etc. using a Tender Offer Statement that contains any fake statement on important matters or lacks an indication on any important matters that should be indicated or on a material fact that is necessary for avoiding misunderstanding, or other such indication. In this case, the term 'the other person who acquires the Securities' in Article 17 shall be deemed to be replaced with 'the person who makes Sales, etc. of the Share Certificates, etc. in response to the Tender Offer.'
- 従来の学説では院庁において実際の政務が執られたとされていたが、鈴木茂男が当時の院庁発給文書に国政に関する内容が認められないことを主張し、橋本義彦がこれを受けて院庁政治論を痛烈に批判したため近年では、非公式の私文書としての側面のある院宣を用いて朝廷に圧力をかけ、院独自の側近を院の近臣として太政官内に送り込むことによって事実上の指揮を執ったとする見解が有力となっている。
- Earlier theories asserted that political affairs were in fact conducted at Incho, but Shigeo SUZUKI asserted that no details regarding national government could be seen in the documents issued by Incho at that time, and Yoshihiko HASHIMOTO, based on this fact, strongly criticized the view that political affairs were conducted at Incho; consequently, in recent years it has become the prevalent view that the In put pressure on the Imperial Court by using inzen, which had the aspect of a non-official document, and that by placing his aides in positions of general council of state he took virtual control of the government.
- 前条の規定にかかわらず、事務管理又は不当利得によって生ずる債権の成立及び効力は、その原因となる事実が発生した当時において当事者が法を同じくする地に常居所を有していたこと、当事者間の契約に関連して事務管理が行われ又は不当利得が生じたことその他の事情に照らして、明らかに同条の規定により適用すべき法の属する地よりも密接な関係がある他の地があるときは、当該他の地の法による。
- Notwithstanding the preceding Article, the formation and effect of a claim arising from management without mandate or unjust enrichment shall be governed by the law of the place that is obviously more closely connected with the management without mandate or unjust enrichment than the place indicated in the said Article, in light of that the parties had their habitual residence in the places governed by the same law at the time of the occurrence of the facts constituting the cause of the management without mandate or unjust enrichment, that management without mandate was performed or unjust enrichment arose in connection with a contract concluded between the parties, or any other circumstances concerned.
- 制度改正により、新制度下で「勲○等」の勲等を授与することはできなくなったが、太政官布告の規定上は「六級」(6つの級)という個別呼称のない概念としての勲等が引き続き存置されており、新制度下の勲章はそれら個別名称を持たない6区分の勲等のいずれかに属しているものとなっているため、勲章を授ける(受ける)ことの意義の中に(明示的ではないが)事実上勲等の属性を帯びたものとなっている。
- Under the amended system, the government cannot bestow the medals for merit like 'the XXX Order of Merit,' but the Decrees of Cabinet still stipulates 'Six Classes' as the concept of the medals for merit without individual naming; therefore, the decorations conferred under the new system belong to any of the medals for merit, which is divided into six without individual naming, so that the bestowal (or receipt) of the decoration virtually means, if not explicitly, the bestowal (or receipt) of the medals for merit.
- ここにおいて大久保も事の重大さを認識して、吉井や鹿児島市滞在中の西郷隆盛ら薩摩藩出身者と相談した上で大久保個人による形式で薩摩藩への建白書を提出して「皇国(日本)の安危興亡」を救うために「御国(薩摩藩)」が身を犠牲にすることで「天下に大義を唱える」ことが可能となることを論じて、直ちに贋貨鋳造を取りやめて事実を明らかにすることで、薩摩藩が他藩に対して優位に立てると主張したのである。
- Here, OKUBO became aware of the importance of the matter, and after consulting people from the Satsuma Domain such as YOSHII and Takamori SAIGO who was staying in Kagoshima City, OKUBO presented a petition individually, arguing that when 'your domain (the Satsuma Domain)' sacrifices its life to save the 'empire's (Japan) crisis,' then it becomes possible to 'preach the justice to the world' and he also insisted that by stopping the coining of counterfeit money and revealing the truth, the Satsuma Domain would be able to have an advantage over other domains.
- 民事訴訟法第二百十八条第二項(これを準用し、又はその例による場合を含む。)又は公害紛争処理法(昭和四十五年法律第百八号)第四十二条の三十二第二項の規定による説明者、民事訴訟法第百八十七条第一項(これを準用し、又はその例による場合を含む。)の規定による審尋をした参考人及び事実の調査のために裁判所から期日に出頭すべき旨の呼出しを受けた者は、旅費、日当及び宿泊料を請求することができる。
- An expositor under the provisions of Article 218, paragraph (2) of the Code of Civil Procedure (including cases where said paragraph is applied mutatis mutandis or where the same rule as that prescribed therein is applied) or Article 42-32, paragraph (2) of the Act for the settlement of Environmental Pollution Disputes (Act No. 108 of 1970), a witness interrogated under the provisions of Article 187, paragraph (1) of the Code of Civil Procedure (including cases where said paragraph is applied mutatis mutandis or where the same rule as that prescribed therein is applied), or a person summoned by the court to appear on the date for the examination of facts may request travel expenses, daily allowance, and accommodation charges.
- しかし薩英戦争や下関戦争において外国艦隊との力の差に直面したことにより、単純な攘夷論に対する批判が生じて、津和野藩の国学者大国隆正らによって唱えられた国内統一を優先して、外国との交易によって富国強兵を図ってでも、諸外国と対等に対峙する力をつけるべきだとする「大攘夷」論が登場した事によって、これを受け入れた攘夷運動の主力であった長州藩・薩摩藩の主張も事実上開国へと転向していくのである。
- However, as Japan faced the power difference from the foreign fleets during the Anglo-Satsuma War and Shimonoseki War, criticisms to the simple Joi ron arose and was replaced with Dai joi ron started by Takamasa OKUNI, a scholar of Japanese classical literature in the Tsuwano Domain; Takamasa claimed that unification of the whole nation should be the first priority and should gain power that the country can confront other nations equally even by aiming fukoku kyohei (fortifying the country, strengthening the military) through trades with foreign countries; The Choshu Domain and Satsuma Domain, the major drive of the joi movement, accepted this view and started directing themselves for the opening of the country to the world.
- 前条の規定により賠償の責めに任ずべき者は、当該請求権者が受けた損害の額の全部又は一部が、有価証券届出書又は目論見書のうちに重要な事項について虚偽の記載があり、又は記載すべき重要な事項若しくは誤解を生じさせないために必要な重要な事実の記載が欠けていたことによつて生ずべき当該有価証券の値下り以外の事情により生じたことを証明した場合においては、その全部又は一部については、賠償の責めに任じない。
- The person liable for damages under the preceding Article, when he/she proves that all or part of the damage sustained by the person who entitled to claim damages was caused by any reason other than the decline in value of the Securities that should arise from the fact that the Securities Registration Statement or the Prospectus contains any fake statement on important matters or lacks a statement on important matters that should be stated or on a material fact that is necessary for avoiding misunderstanding, shall not be liable for that all or part of the damages.
- だが、藩主が非世襲の知藩事に変わり(ただし、実際には事実上の改易処分を受けた福岡藩などの例外を除いては、世襲の後継者がそのまま後任とされている)、陪臣である藩士も知藩事と同じ朝廷(明治政府)の家臣(「王臣」)とされる事で、朱子学に基づいた武士道(近代以後の「武士道」とは違う)によって位置づけられてきた主君(藩主)と家臣(藩士)の主従関係を否定することになるものであり、諸藩の抵抗も予想された。
- However, the lord of a domain changed to a non-hereditary Chihanji, (note that in fact, apart from the Fukuoka domain, whose rank changed by the 'kaieki' sanction (sudden dismissal and deprivation of position, privileges and properties) successors were of heredity) and since feudal retainers of the domain, who were baishin (indirect vassals) were also considered vassals (vassas of the king)of the Imperial Court (Meiji government), which are the same as Chihanji, it contradicted the relationship between the lord and vassal that was established by Bushido (the way of the samurai) based on Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism) so resistance by domains were expected.
- 当該会社が、当該会社に重要事実が生じており又は公表等の内容が虚偽であることを知らず、かつ、当該公開買付け当時(前条第一項の規定による公表にあつては当該公開買付届出書の提出の時、同条第二項の規定による公表又は通知にあつては当該公開買付届出書を提出した日以後当該公開買付期間の末日までの間をいう。次項において同じ。)において相当な注意を用いたにもかかわらず知ることができなかつたことを証明したとき。
- in the case where the company proves that it did not know the fact that the Material Fact occurred pertaining to the company or the fact that the Publication, etc. contains untruth, and that it was not able at the Time of Tender Offer (meaning the time when the Public Notice for Commencing Tender Offer was submitted in the case of the publication required under paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, or the period on or after the day on which the Public Notice for Commencing Tender Offer was submitted and before the last day of the Tender Offer Period in the case of the publication and notification required under Article 27-22-3(2); the same shall apply in the following paragraph) to know even with reasonable care the fact that the Material Fact occurred pertaining to the company or the fact that the Publication, etc. contains untruth.
- 前項の規定は、第十三条第一項の目論見書のうちに重要な事項について虚偽の記載があり、又は記載すべき重要な事項若しくは誤解を生じさせないために必要な重要な事実の記載が欠けている場合について準用する。この場合において、前項中「有価証券届出書の届出者」とあるのは「目論見書を作成した発行者」と、「募集又は売出しに応じて」とあるのは「募集又は売出しに応じ当該目論見書の交付を受けて」と読み替えるものとする。
- The preceding paragraph shall apply mutatis mutandis to cases where a Prospectus referred to in Article 13(1) contains any fake statement on important matters or lacks a statement on important matters that should be stated or on a material fact that is necessary for avoiding misunderstanding. In this case, the terms 'the person who submitted the Securities Registration Statement' and 'through the Public Offering or Secondary Distribution' in the preceding paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with 'the Issuer who prepared the Prospectus' and 'through the Public Offering or Secondary Distribution after receiving the Prospectus,' respectively.
- 有価証券届出書のうちに、重要な事項について虚偽の記載があり、又は記載すべき重要な事項若しくは誤解を生じさせないために必要な重要な事実の記載が欠けているときは、当該有価証券届出書の届出者は、当該有価証券を当該募集又は売出しに応じて取得した者に対し、損害賠償の責めに任ずる。ただし、当該有価証券を取得した者がその取得の申込みの際記載が虚偽であり、又は欠けていることを知つていたときは、この限りでない。
- If a Securities Registration Statement contains any fake statement on important matters or lacks a statement on important matters that should be stated or is on a material fact that is necessary for avoiding misunderstanding, the person who submitted the Securities Registration Statement shall be held liable to compensate damage sustained by a person who acquires the Securities through Public Offering or Secondary Distribution; provided, however, that this shall not apply to cases where the person who acquired the Securities knew of the existence of such fake statement or lack of such statement at the time of making an offer to acquire the Securities.
- 更に宇多天皇の信任が厚く、符宣上卿(太政官符を発給する際の上卿)として28回も名を連ね、『日本三代実録』編纂開始時には源融・藤原良世と先任の上卿2人がいるにも関わらず撰国史所総裁を務めていること、寛平7年(895年)には位階昇進の人事草案を提出する擬階奏を行っている(いずれも摂関もしくは一上が務める慣例であった)ことから、藤原基経没後は能有が事実上の政権担当者として寛平の治を押し進めたと考えられている。
- In addition, he won Emperor Uda's esteem and was assigned to serve as Fusen jokyo, a commander who led dajokanpu (official documents from the Grand Council of State) 28 times, and from the fact that he served as the president of Senkokushisho (an organization which edits national history books) when the editing of 'Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku' (sixth of the six classical Japanese history texts) began even though there were 2 other senior commanders like MINAMOTO no Toru and FUJIWARA no Yoshiyo, also in 895, he submitted a personnel proposal for promotion in rank (generally, both of these roles were played by Regents and Chancellor Ichinokami - Minister of the Left), Yoshiari pushed forward the peaceful era of Kanpyo as a factual administration after FUJIWARA no Mototsune died.
- 鎌倉幕府の成立時期をめぐっても諸説あり、源頼朝が征夷大将軍に任命された建久3年(1192年)説、日本国総守護地頭に任命された建久元年(1190年)説、公文所及び問注所を開設した元暦元年(1184年)説、守護・地頭の任命を許可する文治の勅許が下された文治元年(1185年)説、事実上、東国の支配権を承認する寿永二年の宣旨が下された寿永2年(1183年)説、頼朝が東国支配権を樹立した治承4年(1180年)説がある。
- There are also several theories on when the Kamakura Bakufu was established, such as the theory that it was founded in 1192, when MIYAMOTO no Yoritomo was appointed to seii taishogun, the theory of 1190, when he was appointed to Japan general Shugo and Jito (military governor and estate steward), the theory of 1184, when he opened a Kumonjo (administration office) and monchujo (a court of justice), the theory of 1185, when the Bunji imperial sanction was declared, which licensed the appointment of Shugo and Jito, the theory of 1183, when Juei-ninen no Senji was declared for approving, in fact, the dominion of Togoku and the theory of 1180, when he established the dominion of Togoku.
- 何人も、自己を本人とする保有個人情報(次に掲げるものに限る。第三十六条第一項において同じ。)の内容が事実でないと思料するときは、この法律の定めるところにより、当該保有個人情報を保有する行政機関の長に対し、当該保有個人情報の訂正(追加又は削除を含む。以下同じ。)を請求することができる。ただし、当該保有個人情報の訂正に関して他の法律又はこれに基づく命令の規定により特別の手続が定められているときは、この限りでない。
- Any person who thinks that the content of Retained Personal Information (limited to those listed in the following items; the same shall apply in Article 36, paragraph 1) for which he or she is the Individual Concerned is untrue may, pursuant to the provisions of this Act, make a request for correction (including addition or deletion; the same shall apply hereinafter) of the Retained Personal Information to the head of the Administrative Organ holding the Retained Personal Information; provided, however, that this shall not apply where a special procedure for correction of the Retained Personal Information is prescribed by another law or an order based on such other law.
- ただ日本を含めた諸外国の研究者は、一進会が大日本帝国の侵略の意図を見抜けず韓国を亡国へと導く役割を果たしたことは事実であるが、対等合併論自体は日本の朝鮮併合論(朝鮮が日本に従属し、主権を放棄する形で植民地となる。)とは明らかに異なり、寧ろ併合後の日本が一進会すらも用済みとして切捨て、植民地統治を開始したことを踏まえて、「一進会もまた犠牲者であり、必ずしも責められるべき点ばかりではなかった」とする同情的意見も強い。
- However, many researchers of other countries including Japan, have sympathetic views stating that, although it is true that the Iljinhoe group played a role making Korea a lost country without foreseeing the Empire of Japan's intension of invasion, their theory of equal merger was totally different from Japan's theory of Korean annexation (Korea comes under the rule of Japan to become a colony by relinquishing sovereign power), so considering Japan discarded the Iljinhoe after the group served their purpose, 'the Iljinhoe were also victims and should not be totally blamed'.
- 有価証券届出書のうちに重要な事項について虚偽の記載があり、又は記載すべき重要な事項若しくは誤解を生じさせないために必要な重要な事実の記載が欠けているときは、次に掲げる者は、当該有価証券を募集又は売出しに応じて取得した者に対し、記載が虚偽であり又は欠けていることにより生じた損害を賠償する責めに任ずる。ただし、当該有価証券を取得した者がその取得の申込みの際記載が虚偽であり、又は欠けていることを知っていたときは、この限りでない。
- When a Securities Registration Statement contains any fake statement on important matters or lacks a statement on important matters that should be stated or on a material fact that is necessary for avoiding misunderstanding, persons specified in the following items shall be liable to compensate persons who acquire the Securities through Public Offering or Secondary Distribution for damage arising from the fake statement or lack of the required statement; provided, however, that this shall not apply to cases where the person who acquired the Securities knew of the existence of the fake statement or the lack of the required statement at the time of acquiring the Securities:
- 有価証券届出書のうちに重要な事項について虚偽の記載があり、又は記載すべき重要な事項若しくは誤解を生じさせないために必要な重要な事実の記載が欠けているときは、第二十一条第一項第一号及び第三号に掲げる者は、当該記載が虚偽であり、又は欠けていることを知らないで、当該有価証券届出書の届出者が発行者である有価証券を募集又は売出しによらないで取得した者に対し、記載が虚偽であり、又は欠けていることにより生じた損害を賠償する責めに任ずる。
- When a Securities Registration Statement contains any fake statement on important matters or lacks a statement on important matters that should be stated or on a material fact that is necessary for avoiding misunderstanding, persons specified in Article 21(1)(i) and (iii) shall be held liable to compensate damage sustained by persons who have acquired the Securities issued by the person submitting the Securities Registration Statement not through Public Offering or Secondary Distribution without knowing of the existence of the fake statement or lack of such statement.
- 重要な事項について虚偽の表示があり、又は表示すべき重要な事項若しくは誤解を生じさせないために必要な重要な事実の表示が欠けている公開買付開始公告又は第二十七条の六第二項若しくは第三項、第二十七条の七第一項若しくは第二項(これらの規定を第二十七条の八第十二項において準用する場合を含む。)若しくは第二十七条の八第八項若しくは第十一項の規定による公告若しくは公表(以下この条及び次条において「公開買付開始公告等」という。)を行つた者
- a person who gives a Public Notice for Commencing Tender Offer or public notice or public announcement under Article 27-6(2) or (3), Article 27-7(1) or (2) (including the cases where it is applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 27-8(12)) or Article 27-8(8) or (11) (hereinafter collectively referred to as 'Public Notice for Commencing Tender Offer, etc.' in this Article and the following Article) that contains any fake statement on important matters or lacks an indication on any important matters that should be indicated or on a material fact that is necessary for avoiding misunderstanding;
- 個人情報取扱事業者は、本人から、当該本人が識別される保有個人データの内容が事実でないという理由によって当該保有個人データの内容の訂正、追加又は削除(以下この条において「訂正等」という。)を求められた場合には、その内容の訂正等に関して他の法令の規定により特別の手続が定められている場合を除き、利用目的の達成に必要な範囲内において、遅滞なく必要な調査を行い、その結果に基づき、当該保有個人データの内容の訂正等を行わなければならない。
- When a business operator handling personal information is requested by a person to correct, add, or delete such retained personal data as may lead to the identification of the person on the ground that the retained personal data is contrary to the fact, the business operator shall, except in cases in which special procedures are prescribed by any other laws and regulations for such correction, addition, or deletion, make a necessary investigation without delay within the scope necessary for the achievement of the Purpose of Utilization and, on the basis of the results, correct, add, or delete the retained personal data.
- 内閣総理大臣は、提出書類のうちに重要な事項について虚偽の記載があり、又は記載すべき事項のうち重要なもの若しくは誤解を生じさせないために必要な重要な事実の記載が欠けていることを発見したときは、いつでも、当該提出書類の提出をした者に対し、訂正報告書の提出を命ずることができる。この場合においては、行政手続法第十三条第一項(不利益処分をしようとする場合の手続)の規定による意見陳述のための手続の区分にかかわらず、聴聞を行わなければならない。
- The Prime Minister may, when he/she has discovered that the Required Documents include a false statement on important matters, lack a statement on any important matters among those that should be stated, or lack any facts necessary for avoiding a misunderstanding, order the person who has submitted those Required Documents, at any time, to submit an amendment report. In this case, a hearing shall be carried out irrespective of the categories of procedures for hearing statements under Article 13, paragraph (1) (Procedures Prerequisite for Adverse Dispositions) of the Administrative Procedure Act.
- 問題の天正13年の朝廷の人事については『公卿補任』をはじめ当時の朝廷人事に関する史料・記録・文書の日付がバラバラで余りにも錯綜しているため、同年前半の任官記録を矛盾無く並べる事が事実上不可能で歴史学者の間でも頭を悩ませている問題であるが、大まかな流れとして左大臣が一条内基から二条昭実、更に近衛信輔に移り、右大臣は二条昭実から近衛信輔、更に菊亭晴季(前内大臣)に移り、内大臣は菊亭晴季から近衛信輔を経て秀吉の就任に至ったと考えられている。
- As for the matter over the personnel of the Imperial Court in 1985, historical materials, records, documents including the 'kugyo bunin' (list of high court nobles) list different dates for the matter, and thus, it is too distorted to put in order the dates of accessions in the first half of the year coherently, causing historians to puzzle over the matter; roughly speaking, however, it is assumed that the position of Sadaijin was transferred from Uchimoto ICHIJO to Akizane NIJO and then to Nobusuke KONOE, that that of Udaijin from Akizane NIJO to Nobusuke KONOE and then to Harusue KIKUTEI (former Naidaijin), and that that of Naidaijin from Harusue KIKUTEI to Nobusuke KONOE and finally to Hideyoshi.
- 従って、後白河法皇が自己の政権維持のために平氏を利用して、高い官職を与え知行国を増やさせてきたという経緯や当時の社会問題に対する貴族社会の対応能力の無さという点には触れず、清盛と平氏一門がいかに専横を振るい、「驕れる者」であったかを強調している(だが、実際には少なくても治承3年以前における平氏の権力は後白河との強い関係の下で行使されたものが大半であり、その段階において清盛及び平氏一門が独裁的権力を有していたという具体的な事実は存在していない)。
- Therefore, they do not mention that the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa used the Taira clan to maintain his government by giving them high positions and increasing the number of provinces that they were custodians of, and the inability of the aristocracy at that time to deal with the social problems that they faced, but instead emphasize the arrogant behavior of Kiyomori and the Taira clan members (whereas in reality, at least up to 1179, the authority of the Taira clan was mostly due to the strong relationship with Goshirakawa and there is no specific evidence that Kiyomori or the Taira clan members had any dictatorial powers).
- 旧法第十条第二号の規定による命令が発せられた後に当該命令の申立ての理由となった身体に対する不法な攻撃であって生命又は身体に危害を及ぼすものと同一の事実を理由とするこの法律による改正後の配偶者からの暴力の防止及び被害者の保護に関する法律(以下「新法」という。)第十条第一項第二号の規定による命令の申立て(この法律の施行後最初にされるものに限る。)があった場合における新法第十八条第一項の規定の適用については、同項中「二月」とあるのは、「二週間」とする。
- With regard to the application of the provisions of Article 18, paragraph 1 of the Act on the Prevention of Spousal Violence and the Protection of Victims revised by this Act (hereinafter referred to as the 'New Act') to cases where, after the issuance of an order under Article 10, item 2 of the Old Act, a petition was filed for an order under Article 10, paragraph 1, item 2 of the New Act (limited to the first petition filed after the enforcement of this Act) on the grounds of the same fact of illegal attacks threatening the other's life or body that was the ground for the petition for the said Order, the term 'two months' in the same paragraph shall be deemed to be replaced with 'two weeks.'
- 更に『兵範記』には久寿元年(1154年)の省試が、予め関白藤原忠通・左大臣藤原頼長・崇徳天皇、そして式部省・大学寮幹部の間で入分(合格)者の枠を配分した後に試験が実施された事実を記しているのである(大幅に時代が下るが、試験が全く形骸化した15世紀に書かれた『桂林遺芳抄』によれば、宣旨分(天皇)2・院御分(上皇・法皇)1・殿下分(摂政・関白)1・省官分(式部大輔・少輔)3・両博士分(文章博士2名)2・判儒分(試験官)3の入分枠が定められていたという)。
- Furthermore, 'Heihanki' (diary of TAIRA no Nobunori) tells that in the shoshi exams in 1154, certain numbers of seats had been allotted to Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) FUJIWARA no Tadamichi, Sadaijin (minister of the left) FUJIWARA no Yorinaga, the Emperor Sutoku, shikibusho and leaders of the daigakuryo beforehand, and they held the exams (a few centuries later, according to 'Keirinihosho' from the 15th century, the seats were allotted as follows: two for Senji (emperor), one for 院御 (the retired Emperor and the Cloistered Emperor), one for Denka (sessho and kanpaku), three for Shokan (Shikibu no taifu and Shikibu shoyu), two for two hakese (monjo hakese) and three for 判儒 (examiners)).
- 当事者及び当該不利益処分がされた場合に自己の利益を害されることとなる参加人(以下この条及び第二十四条第三項において「当事者等」という。)は、聴聞の通知があった時から聴聞が終結する時までの間、行政庁に対し、当該事案についてした調査の結果に係る調書その他の当該不利益処分の原因となる事実を証する資料の閲覧を求めることができる。この場合において、行政庁は、第三者の利益を害するおそれがあるときその他正当な理由があるときでなければ、その閲覧を拒むことができない。
- Parties and intervenors whose interests would be harmed by a particular Adverse Disposition (referred to in this Article and in Article 24, paragraph 3 as 'parties, etc.') may, between the time when notice of a hearing is given and the time when the hearing is concluded, request from the administrative agency concerned the inspection of records indicating the results of investigations on the matter in question and other materials which prove the facts upon which the anticipated Adverse Disposition will be based. In this case, administrative agencies may not reject inspection requests unless there is a risk that the interests of third parties would be harmed or unless there is some other justifiable grounds.
- 内閣総理大臣は、有価証券届出書のうちに重要な事項について虚偽の記載があり、又は記載すべき重要な事項若しくは誤解を生じさせないために必要な重要な事実の記載が欠けていることを発見したときは、いつでも、届出者に対し、訂正届出書の提出を命じ、必要があると認めるときは、第四条第一項又は第二項の規定による届出の効力の停止を命ずることができる。この場合においては、行政手続法第十三条第一項の規定による意見陳述のための手続の区分にかかわらず、聴聞を行わなければならない。
- When the Prime Minister finds that a Securities Registration Statement contains any fake statement on important matters, or lacks a statement on important matters that should be stated or on a material fact that is necessary for avoiding misunderstanding, he/she may at any time order the person submitting the Securities Registration Statement to submit an amendment and may, when he/she finds it necessary, order the suspension of the effect of the notification made under Article 4(1) or (2). In this case, a hearing shall be held irrespective of the categories of procedures for hearing statements of opinion under Article 13(1) of the Administrative Procedure Act.
- 警察庁長官又は警察本部長は、貸金業者、貸金業務取扱主任者又は第二十六条第二項の認可を受けようとする貸金業協会の役員について、意見陳述事由又は意見陳述事実があると疑うに足りる相当な理由があるため、内閣総理大臣又は都道府県知事が当該貸金業者、当該貸金業務取扱主任者又は同項の認可を受けようとする者に対して適当な措置をとることが必要であると認める場合には、警察庁長官にあつては内閣総理大臣、警察本部長にあつては都道府県知事に対し、その旨の意見を述べることができる。
- Where the Commissioner-General of the National Police Agency or the Chief of Police has reasonable grounds to suspect the existence of any Grounds Requiring the Statement of Opinions or Facts Requiring the Statement of Opinions with regard to a Money Lender, a Chief of Money Lending Operations, or an officer of a Money Lenders' Association who intends to obtain authorization under Article 26, paragraph (2), and therefor finds it necessary for the Prime Minister or prefectural governor to take appropriate measures against the Money Lender, the Chief of Money Lending Operations, or such person who intends to obtain authorization under Article 26, paragraph (2), the Commissioner-General of the National Police Agency or the Chief of Police may state his/her opinion to that effect to the Prime Minister or prefectural governor, respectively.
- 大隈の大蔵卿在任時期は1873年10月25日 ‐ 1880年2月28日であるが、実際には1869年8月15日(旧暦明治2年7月8日 (旧暦))に近代大蔵省創立とともに大蔵大輔に就任して以来事実上の大蔵省の最高責任者であり、大蔵卿退任も伊藤博文が進めた「参議・省卿分離案」によって参議専念の合意が成立したこと(後任大蔵卿佐野常民は大隈直系)によるもので、実際には1881年10月11日の御前会議による参議免官(明治14年の政変)まで大蔵省及び日本財政の責任者であった。
- Okuma served as the Minister of the Treasury from October 25, 1873 to February 28, 1880, but he had effectively been the highest officer of the Ministry of Treasury since he assumed the post of senior assistant minister of the Ministry of Treasury upon the launch of the modern Ministry of Treasury on August 15, 1869, therefore he continued to be in charge of the Ministry of Treasury and the Japanese financial policy until he was dismissed as the councilor during a conference in the presence of the Emperor on October 11, 1881 (Political Change of 1881), however his resignation as the Minister of the Treasury was because an agreement to serve exclusively as a councilor was reached by 'Proposal to Separate Councilor and Minister' promoted by Hirobumi ITO (a successor Minister of the Treasury was Tsunetami SANO, Okuma's direct subordinate).
- 第十七条の規定は、重要な事項について虚偽の記載があり、又は表示すべき重要な事項若しくは誤解を生じさせないために必要な重要な事実の表示が欠けている公開買付説明書(第二項において準用する第二十七条の九第一項に規定する公開買付説明書をいう。以下この節において同じ。)その他の表示を使用して上場株券等の売付け等をさせた者について準用する。この場合において、同条中「当該有価証券を取得した者」とあるのは、「当該公開買付けに応じて上場株券等の売付け等をした者」と読み替えるものとする。
- Article 17 shall apply mutatis mutandis to a person who has another person make Sales, etc. of Listed Share Certificates, etc. using a Tender Offer Statement (meaning Tender Offer Statement as defined in Article 27-9(1) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (2); hereinafter the same shall apply in this Section) that contains any fake statement on important matters or lacks an indication on any important matters that should be indicated or on a material fact that is necessary for avoiding misunderstanding, or other such indication. In this case, the term 'the other person who acquires the Securities' in Article 17 shall be deemed to be replaced with 'the person who makes Sales, etc. of the Listed Share Certificates, etc. in response to the Tender Offer.'
- 既に内閣府令で定める期間継続して有価証券報告書のうち内閣府令で定めるものを提出している者は、前条第一項又は第二項の規定による届出をしようとする場合には、第一項の届出書に、内閣府令で定めるところにより、その者に係る直近の有価証券報告書及びその添付書類並びにその提出以後に提出される四半期報告書又は半期報告書並びにこれらの訂正報告書の写しをとじ込み、かつ、当該有価証券報告書提出後に生じた事実で内閣府令で定めるものを記載することにより、同項第二号に掲げる事項の記載に代えることができる。
- When a person who has continuously filed Annual Securities Reports as specified by a Cabinet Office Ordinance during the period specified by a Cabinet Office Ordinance makes a notification under paragraph (1) or (2) of the preceding Article, such a person may, instead of descriptions of the matters listed in item (ii) of paragraph (1), insert a copy of the latest Annual Securities Report pertaining to the person and the documents attached thereto, a copy of the Quarterly Securities Report or Semiannual Securities Report submitted after the submission of the Annual Securities Report and a copy of amendment reports submitted with regard to the foregoing reports to the statement set forth in paragraph (1) pursuant to the provisions of a Cabinet Office Ordinance, and state facts that occurred after the submission of the Annual Securities Report and fall under the category of facts specified by a Cabinet Office Ordinance in the statement set forth in paragraph (1).
- 第一項第一号及び第二号並びに前項第一号の規定は、第十三条第一項の目論見書のうちに重要な事項について虚偽の記載があり、又は記載すべき重要な事項若しくは誤解を生じさせないために必要な重要な事実の記載が欠けている場合について準用する。この場合において、第一項中「募集又は売出しに応じて」とあるのは「募集又は売出しに応じ当該目論見書の交付を受けて」と、「当該有価証券届出書を提出した会社」とあるのは「当該目論見書を作成した会社」と、「その提出」とあるのは「その作成」と読み替えるものとする。
- The provisions of items (i) and (ii) of paragraph (1) and item (i) of the preceding paragraph shall apply mutatis mutandis to cases where a Prospectus referred to in Article 13(1) contains any fake statement on important matters or lacks a statement on important matters that should be stated or on a material fact that is necessary for avoiding misunderstanding. In this case, the terms 'through the Public Offering or Secondary Distribution,' 'the company having submitted the Securities Registration Statement,' 'at the time of submission' and 'was submitted' in paragraph (1) shall be deemed to be replaced with 'through the Public Offering or Secondary Distribution after receiving the Prospectus,' 'the company having submitted the Prospectus,' 'at the time of preparation' and 'was prepared,' respectively.
- 重要な事項について虚偽の表示があり、又は表示すべき重要な事項若しくは誤解を生じさせないために必要な重要な事実の表示が欠けている第二項に おいて準用する第二十七条の三第二項に規定する公開買付開始公告又は第二項において準用する第二十七条の六第二項若しくは第三項、第二十七条の七第一項若 しくは第二項若しくは第二十七条の八第八項若しくは第十一項の規定若しくは第六項において準用する第二十七条の七第一項若しくは第二項の規定による公告若しくは公表(次項において「公開買付開始公告等」という。)を行つた者
- a person who gives a Public Notice for Commencing Tender Offer as defined in Article 27-3(2) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (2) or public notice or public announcement under Article 27-6(2) or (3), Article 27-7(1) or (2) or Article 27-8(8) or (11) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (2) or Article 27-7(1) or (2) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (6) (collectively referred to as 'Public Notice for Commencing Tender Offer, etc.' in the following paragraph) that contains any fake statement on important matters or lacks an indication on any important matters that should be indicated or on a material fact that is necessary for avoiding misunderstanding;
- 第二十二条の規定は、内部統制報告書(その訂正報告書を含む。)のうちに重要な事項について虚偽の記載があり、又は記載すべき重要な事項若しくは誤解を生じさせないために必要な重要な事実の記載が欠けている場合について準用する。この場合において、同条第一項中「当該有価証券届出書の届出者が発行者である有価証券を募集又は売出しによらないで取得した者」とあるのは、「当該内部統制報告書(その訂正報告書を含む。)の提出者が発行者である有価証券を取得した者」と読み替えるものとするほか、必要な技術的読替えは、政令で定める。
- Article 22 shall apply mutatis mutandis to cases where an Internal Control Report (including documents attached thereto) contains any fake statement on important matters or lacks a statement on important matters that should be stated or on a material fact that is necessary for avoiding misunderstanding. In this case, the part 'persons who have acquired the Securities issued by the person submitting the Securities Registration Statement not through Public Offering or Secondary Distribution' in Article 22(1) shall be deemed to be replaced with 'persons who have acquired the Securities issued by the person submitting the Internal Control Report (including amendment reports therefor).' and any other necessary technical replacement of terms shall be specified by a Cabinet Order.
- 前条第二項の適用がある場合における同条第一項の規定による請求権は、請求権者が公開買付開始公告等、公開買付届出書、公開買付説明書又は対質問回答報告書のうちに重要な事項について虚偽の記載若しくは表示があり、又は記載若しくは表示すべき重要な事項若しくは誤解を生じさせないために必要な重要な事実の記載が欠けていることを知つた時又は相当な注意をもつて知ることができる時から一年間、これを行わないときは、時効によつて消滅する。当該公開買付けに係る公開買付期間の末日の翌日から起算して五年間、これを行わないときも、また、同様とする。
- The right to claim damages under Article 27-20(1) in cases where paragraph (2) of the preceding Article is applicable shall be extinguished by prescription when the right is not exercised within one year from the time when the person who is entitled to claim damages comes to know, or is able to know by exercising reasonable care, the fact that the Public Notice for Commencing Tender Offer, etc., Tender Offer Notification, Tender Offer Statement or Tender Offeror's Answer contains any fake statement or false indication on important matters or lacks a statement on any important matters that should be stated or indicated or on a material fact that is necessary for avoiding misunderstanding. The same shall apply to cases where the right is not exercised within five years from the day following the last day of the Tender Offer Period of the Tender Offer.
- 第十八条第一項の規定は、重要な事項について虚偽の表示があり、又は表示すべき重要な事項若しくは誤解を生じさせないために必要な重要な事実の表示が欠けている第四項において準用する第二十七条の八第八項の規定による公告又は公表を行つた会社について準用する。この場合において、第十八条第一項中「当該有価証券を当該募集又は売出しに応じて取得した者」とあり、及び「当該有価証券を取得した者」とあるのは「当該公開買付けに応じて当該上場株券等の売付け等をした者」と、「その取得の申込みの際」とあるのは「その売付け等の際」と読み替えるものとする。
- Article 18(1) shall apply mutatis mutandis to a company which gives public notice or public announcement under Article 27-8(8) as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (4) that contains any fake statement on important matters or lacks an indication on any important matters that should be indicated or on a material fact that is necessary for avoiding misunderstanding. In this case, both of the terms 'a person who acquires the Securities through the Public Offering or Secondary Distribution' and 'the person who acquired the Securities' in Article 18(1) shall be deemed to be replaced with 'the person who makes Sales, etc. of the Listed Share Certificates, etc. in response to the Tender Offer'; and the term 'at the time of making an offer to acquire the Securities' in said provision shall be deemed to be replaced with 'at the time of the Sales, etc.'
- 第二十七条の八第八項及び第九項の規定は、第二項の規定による公表について準用する。この場合において、同条第八項中「第一項若しくは第二項の規定による訂正届出書を提出する場合又は第三項若しくは第四項の規定による訂正届出書の提出命令があつた場合には、内閣府令で定める場合を除き」とあるのは「第二十七条の二十二の三第二項の規定により当該重要事実を公表しなければならない場合には」と、同条第九項中「前項の規定」とあるのは「第二十七条の二十二の三第四項において準用する前項の規定」と、「株券等」とあるのは「上場株券等」と読み替えるものとする。
- Article 27-8(8) and (9) shall apply mutatis mutandis to the publication made under paragraph (2). In this case, the part 'In cases where an amendment is submitted under paragraph (1) or (2) or an order to submit an amendment is given under paragraph (3) or (4) during the Tender Offer Period, except in the cases specified by a Cabinet Office Ordinance' in Article 27-8(8) shall be deemed to be replaced with 'In cases where the publication of a material fact is required under Article 27-22-3(2)'; and the terms 'the preceding paragraph' and 'Share Certificates, etc.' in Article 27-8(9) shall be deemed to be replaced with 'the preceding paragraph as applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to Article 27-22-3(4)' and 'Listed Share Certificates, etc.,' respectively.
- 警察本部長は、貸金業者又は貸金業者の貸付けの契約に基づく債権の取立てについて貸金業者その他の者から委託を受けた者による貸付けの契約に基づく債権の取立てが行われているものと認められ、その取立てを行う者について意見陳述事由があると疑うに足りる相当な理由があり、かつ、警察庁長官又は警察本部長が前二条の規定に基づき意見を述べるために必要であると認められる場合には、当該都道府県警察の警察職員に、その取立てを行う者に対し、貸金業者の商号、名称又は氏名並びにその取立てを行う者の氏名及びその弁済受領権限の基礎となる事実について質問させることができる。
- When the Chief of Police finds that a Money Lender or a person entrusted by a Money Lender or by any other person with the Money Lender's collection of claims under a Contract for a Loan conducts the collection of claims under a Contract for a Loan, where the Chief of Police has reasonable grounds to suspect the existence of any Grounds Requiring the Statement of Opinions with regard to the Money Lender or such person who conducts collection, and finds it necessary in order for himself/herself or the Commissioner-General of the National Police Agency to state an opinion pursuant to the preceding two Articles, the Chief of Police may have the police officials of the prefectural police ask questions with regard to the Money Lender's name or trade name and the name of the person who conducts collection, as well as about the facts upon which the relevant person's right to receive performance is based.
- 金銭の支払の請求を目的とする訴えについては、裁判所は、被告が口頭弁論において原告の主張した事実を争わず、その他何らの防御の方法をも提出しない場合において、被告の資力その他の事情を考慮して相当であると認めるときは、原告の意見を聴いて、第三項の期間の経過時から五年を超えない範囲内において、当該請求に係る金銭の支払について、その時期の定め若しくは分割払の定めをし、又はこれと併せて、その時期の定めに従い支払をしたとき、若しくはその分割払の定めによる期限の利益を次項の規定による定めにより失うことなく支払をしたときは訴え提起後の遅延損害金の支払義務を免除する旨の定めをして、当該請求に係る金銭の支払を命ずる決定をすることができる。
- Where, with regard to an action to make a claim for payment of money, the defendant does not deny the facts alleged by the plaintiff at oral argument or does not advance any allegations or evidence, the court, when it finds it appropriate while taking into consideration the defendant's financial resources and any other circumstances concerned, after hearing opinions of the plaintiff, may make an order to the effect that the defendant should make a payment of money pertaining to said claim, while stipulating in the order a provision concerning the period for payment of the money pertaining to said claim or a provision authorizing installment payment with regard to such payment of money, both of which shall be within five years from the expiration of the period set forth in paragraph (3), or simultaneously stipulating a provision to the effect that if the defendant has made a payment pursuant to the provision concerning the period or has made a payment without losing, pursuant to the provision of the following paragraph, the benefit of time under the provision authorizing installment payment, he/she shall be exempted from the obligation to pay any delay damages accrued after the filing of the action.
- 内閣総理大臣は、発行登録書(当該発行登録書に係る参照書類を含む。)及びその添付書類、第二十三条の四若しくは前条第一項の規定による訂正発行登録書(当該訂正発行登録書に係る参照書類を含む。)又は発行登録追補書類(当該発行登録追補書類に係る参照書類を含む。)及びその添付書類のうちに重要な事項について虚偽の記載があり、又は記載すべき重要な事項若しくは誤解を生じさせないために必要な重要な事実の記載が欠けていることを発見したときは、いつでも、当該書類の提出者に対し、訂正発行登録書の提出を命ずることができる。この場合においては、行政手続法第十三条第一項の規定による意見陳述のための手続の区分にかかわらず、聴聞を行わなければならない。
- When the Prime Minister finds that a Shelf Registration Statement (including Reference Documents referenced therein) or the documents attached thereto, an Amended Shelf Registration Statement submitted under Article 23-4 or paragraph (1) of the preceding Article (including Reference Documents referenced therein) or Shelf Registration Supplements (including Reference Documents referenced therein) or the documents attached thereto contains any fake statement on important matters, or lacks a statement on important matters that should be stated or on a material fact that is necessary for avoiding misunderstanding, he/she may at any time order the person submitting these documents to submit an Amended Shelf Registration Statement. In this case, a hearing shall be held irrespective of the categories of procedures for hearing statements of opinion under Article 13(1) of the Administrative Procedure Act.
- 第十八条の規定による賠償の請求権は、請求権者が有価証券届出書若しくは目論見書のうちに重要な事項について虚偽の記載があり、又は記載すべき重要な事項若しくは誤解を生じさせないために必要な重要な事実の記載が欠けていたことを知つた時又は相当な注意をもつて知ることができる時から三年間、これを行わないときは、消滅する。当該有価証券の募集若しくは売出しに係る第四条第一項若しくは第二項の規定による届出がその効力を生じた時又は当該目論見書の交付があつた時から七年間(第十条第一項又は第十一条第一項の規定による停止命令があつた場合には、当該停止命令があつた日からその解除があつた日までの期間は、算入しない。)、これを行わないときも、また、同様とする。
- The right to claim damages under Article 18 shall be extinguished by prescription when the right is not exercised within three years from the time when the person who is entitled to claim the damages comes to know, or is able to know, that the Securities Registration Statement or the Prospectus contains any fake statement on important matters or lacks a statement on important matters that should be stated or on a material fact that is necessary for avoiding misunderstanding. The same shall also apply when the right is not exercised within seven years (excluding, where an order for suspension has been given under Article 10(1) or Article 11(1), the period from the day when the order was given to the day when the order was canceled) from the time when the notification made under Article 4(1) or (2) for Public Offering or Secondary Distribution of the Securities comes into effect or the delivery of the Prospectus is made.
- 第十条第一項第二号の規定による命令が発せられた後に当該発せられた命令の申立ての理由となった身体に対する暴力又は生命等に対する脅迫と同一の事実を理由とする同号の規定による命令の再度の申立てがあったときは、裁判所は、配偶者と共に生活の本拠としている住居から転居しようとする被害者がその責めに帰することのできない事由により当該発せられた命令の効力が生ずる日から起算して二月を経過する日までに当該住居からの転居を完了することができないことその他の同号の規定による命令を再度発する必要があると認めるべき事情があるときに限り、当該命令を発するものとする。ただし、当該命令を発することにより当該配偶者の生活に特に著しい支障を生ずると認めるときは、当該命令を発しないことができる。
- When an order under Article 10, paragraph 1, item 2 has previously been issued and a repeated petition for an order under the same item has been filed on the grounds that the same fact of bodily harm or life threatening intimidation, etc. that was the ground for the petition for the issued order, the court shall issue the order in question only when finding it necessary to reissue the order under the same item, by taking into consideration the fact that the victim who intends to move from the domicile that the victim shares as his/her main home with his/her spouse is unable to complete the move from the domicile within two months from the day the issued order comes into effect due to cause imputable to the victim himself/herself, or other circumstances. However, the court may choose not to issue the order when finding that the issuance of the order will cause extreme hindrance to the spouse's daily life.
- 第二十五条第一項各号(第五号及び第九号を除く。)に掲げる書類(以下この条において「書類」という。)のうちに、重要な事項について虚偽の記載があり、又は記載すべき重要な事項若しくは誤解を生じさせないために必要な重要な事実の記載が欠けているときは、当該書類の提出者は、当該書類が同項の規定により公衆の縦覧に供されている間に当該書類(同項第十二号に掲げる書類を除く。)の提出者又は当該書類(同号に掲げる書類に限る。)の提出者を親会社等(第二十四条の七第一項に規定する親会社等をいう。)とする者が発行者である有価証券を募集又は売出しによらないで取得した者に対し、第十九条第一項の規定の例により算出した額を超えない限度において、記載が虚偽であり、又は欠けていること(以下この条において「虚偽記載等」という。)により生じた損害を賠償する責めに任ずる。ただし、当該有価証券を取得した者がその取得の際虚偽記載等を知つていたときは、この限りでない。
- If any of the documents specified in the items of Article 25(1) (excluding Article 25(1)(v) and (ix)) (hereinafter referred to as the 'Documents' in this Article) contains any fake statement on important matters or lacks a statement on important matters that should be stated or on a material fact that is necessary for avoiding misunderstanding, the person who submitted the document shall be held liable to compensate a person who, during the period when the document was made available for public inspection as required by Article 25(1), acquires the Securities issued by the person who submitted the document (excluding the documents specified in Article 25(1)(xii)) or by the person whose Parent Company, etc. (meaning Parent Company, etc. as defined by Article 24-7(1)) is the person having submitted the document (limited to the documents specified in Article 25(1)(xii)) not through Public Offering or Secondary Distribution for damage arising from the fake statement or lack of a required statement (hereinafter collectively referred to as a 'Fake Statement, etc.' in this Article), to the extent not exceeding the amount calculated according to the same rule as provided in Article 19(1); provided, however, that this shall not apply when the person who acquires the Securities had known of the existence of a Fake Statement, etc. at the time of the acquisition.