主に: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- 主に
- mainly
- primarily
- chiefly
- largely
- mostly
- principally
- 主に関西で活躍。
- He came to the fore mainly in the Kansai region.
- 天台座主に就任。
- He was appointed as Tendai-zasu (head priest of the Tendai sect).
- 周囲は主に住宅地。
- The area surrounding the station is generally residential.
- 名は主に瓊と表記。
- Her name is mainly written as '瓊'.
- 主に歌舞伎の用語。
- The term, kakegoe is also used for mainly the audience of kabuki.
- 龍馬は主に銃で反撃。
- Ryoma fought back, mainly with a gun.
- 主に煎抹茶器を製作。
- Mainly created tea sets for green tea and powdered green tea.
- 主に法華経を信仰する。
- Their main religion was Hoke-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra).
- 以下、主に卒伝に従う。
- The description below comes from the obituary.
- 主に8月~9月に訪れる。
- It is visited mainly in August and September.
- 主に7月~8月に訪れる。
- It is visited mainly in July and August.
- 主に2月~3月に訪れる。
- It is visited mainly in February and March.
- 周辺は主に住宅地である。
- The neighborhood is mainly a residential area.
- 後には天台座主にも就く。
- Later he also served as the Head Priest of Enryaku-ji Temple.
- 主に奥羽に向け出された。
- It was mainly directed towards the Ou region.
- 主に奈良盆地を本拠とした。
- It was mainly based in the Nara basin.
- 主に呉服について用いられる。
- Mainly used for the measurement related with kimono.
- 主に呉服について用いられた。
- It was mainly used for clothing related measurement.
- 乙部は主に娼妓数が多かった。
- Otsubu had more shogi (prostitutes) in general.
- 住み込みで主に雑用を行った。
- They were live-in servants who did mainly odd jobs.
- 武田氏第18代当主にあたる。
- He was the 18th family head of the Takeda clan.
- 主に武家法において用いられた。
- It was used mainly in the context of Bukeho (the law system for the samurai society and the military government).
- 現在は主に講演活動などに従事。
- Currently, he spends his time giving lectures.
- 主に『公卿補任』の記載による。
- Mainly according to the description in 'Kugyoubunin.'
- 主に自然児として愛されていた。
- He was loved mainly as a child of nature.
- 陶工としては煎茶器を主に制作。
- As a potter, he mainly produced green-tea sets.
- 主に三木合戦の様相を記述する。
- This volume mainly describes the Siege of Miki.
- 同年、第35代天台座主に就任。
- In the same year, he assumed the position of the 35th Tendai-zasu.
- 主に和歌に歌われる際に使われる。
- The term is used mainly in composing waka (Japanese poems).
- 主に十三湊を拠点として行われた。
- It was done mainly at Tosaminato as the base.
- ※主に『公卿補任』の記載による。
- According to 'Kugyo Bunin (Record of Kugyo Officials)'
- 徳川家康や羽柴秀吉が主に挙がる。
- The names of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and Hideyoshi HASHIBA are mainly mentioned.
- 債務が消滅すると借主に渡される。
- When the debt was cleared, it would be handed to the borrower.
- 城主には一門の浅井井演を任命した。
- Ihiro Azai, from the clan, was appointed as the lord of the castle.
- 材質は主に銅で、アンチモンを含む。
- Mostly the material was copper including antimony.
- 主に関西圏からのハイキングが多い。
- The plateau attracts many hikers mainly from Kansai area.
- 人情本とは、主に恋愛を描いたもの。
- Ninjobon is a book mainly dealing with romance.
- 主に最上川を題材にした作品が多い。
- Many of his masterpieces took the subject matter from the Mogami River.
- 脇役ながら活躍、主に老役に徹した。
- Although he played only a supporting role, he was active and devoted himself to playing an aged person.
- 官界に入り、主に財政に力を入れた。
- He joined the government, mainly working on financial affairs.
- 主に、次の3系統の石川氏が存在する。
- There were three main branches of the Ishikawa clan.
- 主に日本の皇族の身分及び地位を指す。
- Specifically, it indicates a social status and a position of the Japanese Imperial family.
- 主に膏薬などを使う外科医療を行った。
- Surgical medical treatments that used the plaster etc. were the mainstream.
- 臣(しん)は、君主につかえる家来の事。
- Shin (臣) refers to a retainer who served his lord.
- 人体への害は少ないものが主に使われる。
- Pigments of plant origin are mainly made from materials that are harmless to human bodies.
- 士大将は主に数千石クラスの大身がなる。
- Higher ranking samurai of several thousand koku class became a samurai daisho.
- 主に霊元天皇・東山天皇の二代に仕えた。
- Most of his Kugyo life was dedicated to Emperor Reigen and Emperor Higashiyama.
- 主に新田辺駅、樟葉駅まで運行している。
- Most of the bus services go to either Kintetsu Shin-Tanabe Station or Keihan Kuzuha Station.
- 当初は、主に軍用道路として整備された。
- Military activity was the original purpose of the improvement of the Tokaido.
- 乗務員は主に、淡路駅、桂駅で交代する。
- The crews are shifted at Awaji Station and Katsura Station.
- 大国主には多くの兄弟(八十神)がいた。
- Okuninushi had many brothers (Yaosgami).
- 表は天子への上奏文で、主に辞表をさす。
- 'Hyo' is a report to the throne, and in particular refers to a letter of resignation.
- 主に古文書の様式分類を研究目的とする。
- The main object of its study is to categorize komonjo by style.
- この主張は主に華厳宗や禅宗でいわれる。
- This thought is mainly believed in the Kegon and Zen sects.
- 主に日本で活動するラップミュージシャン。
- A rap musician who mainly works in Japan.
- 足利義昭を盟主に奉じたものの、のち追放。
- Nobunaga made Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA a leader, but expelled him later.
- 熊野古道とは、主に以下の6つの道を指す。
- Kumanokodo Road mainly refers to the following six pilgrimage routes.
- 主に虎をモチーフにした構図を得意とした。
- He specialized in compositions with tigers for their motif.
- 主に後陽成天皇(106代)の代に仕えた。
- He served the era of Emperor Goyozei (the 106th).
- この功績により宮之城町領主に任命された。
- He was appointed the lord of Miyanojo Town due to his distinguished services in the battle.
- 木器は主に食膳具や耕起具として使われた。
- Woodenware was used as dinning ware and as cultivation tools.
- 以下は主に『日本書紀』などの記述による。
- The following is mainly according to the descriptions in 'Nohonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan).
- 陸奥国相馬氏の系統の第5代当主にあたる。
- The fifth family head of the lineage of the Soma clan of Mutsu Province.
- しかし男戸主に比べ、いくつかの差があった。
- However, there were some differences compared to male head of a family.
- ここでは、主に日本の皇室について記載する。
- In this article, the situation in the Japanese Imperial Family will mainly mentioned.
- 主に国政や企業経営の状況に対して使われる。
- It is often used to describe the status of national government or business management.
- 主にインドを含む東洋史において使用される。
- It is mostly used in Oriental history including India.
- 会所では主に闘茶と、時には茶礼が催された。
- Mainly Tocha and occasionally Sarei was performed in Kaisho.
- 忠昌は天草藩主に転ずることになったという。
- Accordingly, Tadamasa was to rose to the lord of the Amakusa Domain.
- 主に、下記のように内容は細かに分類される。
- They are, for the most part, classified as the following.
- 主に公の場でうたわれるもので、反歌を伴う。
- Choka was mainly composed in public, and was followed by Hanka (envoi).
- Choka poems were made mainly on official occasions, and they must be followed by Hanka (tanka appendix to a Choka poem).
- 明治36年 37歳で法隆寺管主に就任する。
- In 1903, he was appointed kannushi of the Horyu-ji Temple at the age of thirty-seven.
- 治承・寿永の乱では主に後方の守りについた。
- In the Jisho-Juei War, he mainly provided logistic support.
- 主に大芝居に進出し、道外方、頭取を勤めた。
- He mainly worked for Oshibai (a licensed theather in Edo period) and played Dokegata and Todori (chief).
- その条件で玄雅は第21代五島家当主になった。
- Under that condition, Harumasa became the twenty-first head of the Goto family.
- 会合では、主に3つの主要な議題が論じられた。
- In the meeting, three issues were mainly negotiated.
- - 二世:主に日本で活動する俳優・タレント。
- Second generation: An actor and TV star who mainly works in Japan.
- 宋代の官田は、主に以下の4つから形成された。
- Kanden in the Song period was mainly composed of the four factors written below.
- 主に1470年頃の状況に照らした去就を記す。
- The following description refers mainly to affiliations in or around 1470.
- 主に霊元天皇・東山天皇の御世の朝廷に仕えた。
- He served in the Imperial Court in the era of the Emperor Reigen and Emperor Higashiyama.
- 主に後西天皇(111代)の代の朝廷に仕えた。
- He primarily served for the sovereign of the 111th Emperor Gosai in the Imperial Court.
- 本項では主に列車種別面での記載を中心とする。
- In this section, the description of K-Limited Express is mainly in regard to the type of train.
- 以下は、『古事記』の上ッ巻を主に参考にした。
- The following was written with reference to the first volume of 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters).
- 主に日本語学や文学史上で使われる用語である。
- It is a term chiefly used in Japanese language studies and in the history of Japanese literature.
- 鵜飼いの保護は、後の岐阜領主にも継承された。
- The preservation of cormorant fishing was taken over by the subsequent lords of Gifu.
- なお、個別ページのある当主にはリンクを付した。
- A link is provided for a family head whose information is provided individually on a separate page.
- 伊勢商人の屋号は主に「伊勢屋」「丹波屋」など。
- As their main trade names, Ise shonin used those such as 'Ise-ya' (store Ise), 'Tanba-ya' (store Tanba) and so on.
- 室町時代の学問の担い手は主に禅僧や公家である。
- Academic scholarship during the Muromachi period was more or less limited to Zen monks and the nobility.
- 主に蠣崎氏の軍事面で活躍、蠣崎家の重臣となる。
- Mostly, he was active in military affairs and became a senior vassal of the Kakizaki family.
- タケミカヅチは出雲に戻り、大国主に再度訊ねた。
- Takemikazuchi returned to Izumo, and visited Okuninushi again.
- 弥生時代には、主に米を貯蔵する倉庫が発達した。
- Warehouse for storage, especially for rice developed in the Yayoi period.
- 以下は主に『日本書紀』の所伝によるものである。
- The following description is mainly based on 'Nihonshoki.'
- 鉄鋼製品の雇用主による非破壊試験技術者の資格付与
- Steel products-Employer's qualification system for non-destructive testing (NDT) personnel
- 大江山一帯は主に超塩基性岩である蛇紋岩からなる。
- The whole Mt. Oe area is composed of serpentinite which is made largely of ultrabasic rock.
- 主に公家と上級武家の称号となり、家名ともなった。
- The name was used in the titles of a family of court nobility and a family of senior samurai, and also became a family name.
- 天皇の命令は主に大弁官を通じて地方に伝達された。
- The message of the emperor was conveyed to rural areas mainly by the Daibenkan.
- わが所有の領地は全て三人と僧の仁主に分け与える。
- All my belongings should be passed to three princes and to the monk, 仁主.
- この時代は、主に承久の乱の後処理が行われていた。
- This post-cleanup after the Jokyu Disturbance was the major issue during this period.
- 稲粟の出挙は、主に農村部において盛んに行われた。
- In general, the Suiko dealing with rice and millet was frequently implemented in the agricultural community.
- 主に古像を修理し、その調査研究も行ったとされる。
- He is understood to have mainly repaired old statues and to also have conducted investigation and study of the statues.
- 1番線は主に二条・京都方面行特急列車が使用する。
- Platform 1 is mainly for the limited express bound for Nijo and Kyoto.
- その差分は主に祈寿祭礼に関する記事が多いという。
- It is said that the differences deal with the accounts of prayers and ceremonies.
- 京系の記録、主に盗作として指摘されるものである。
- They are records belonging to Kyo and are largely accused of plagiarism.
- 水戸藩は弟の徳川光圀が第2代藩主に就任している。
- Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA, his younger brother became the second lord of the Mito Domain.
- 蘭癖大名の分布としては、主に九州の外様大名が多い。
- In the distribution of ranpeki daimyo, they were mainly tozama daimyo (outside daimyo who were not hereditary vassals of the Tokugawa family) in Kyushu region.
- 古墳時代の須恵器は、主に祭祀や副葬品に用いられた。
- During the Kofun period, Sueki was used mainly for a religious service or as burial accessories.
- 境界確定の目的は主に地方交付税交付金の増額である。
- The main purpose in establishing the borders was that each municipality could receive more of the state subsidies destined for municipalities.
- 1943年(昭和18年)、伊勢神宮祭主に就任した。
- He became Lord Custodian of the Great Shrine of Ise in 1943.
- 主に日本の封建時代においてみられた血族集団である。
- Shoke was a blood-relative group which was mainly present during the feudal period in Japan.
- 頼光と同様、主に京における中級官人として活動する。
- Similar to Yorimitsu, he acted mainly as a middle-class official in Kyoto.
- 政所執事は代々主に二階堂行盛の子孫が世襲している。
- Mandokoro Shitsuji was mainly inherited by descendents of Yukimori NIKAIDO.
- 3番線は主に綾部・福知山方面行普通列車が使用する。
- Platform 3 is mainly for local trains bound for Ayabe and Fukuchiyama stations.
- 2番線は主に綾部・福知山方面行特急列車が使用する。
- Platform 2 is mainly for the limited express bound for Ayabe and Fukuchiyama.
- 4番線は主に二条・京都方面行快速・普通が使用する。
- Platform 4 is mainly for rapid and local trains bound for Nijo and Kyoto stations.
- 借主が貸主に確かに金品等を借りたことを認めた文書。
- Documents wherein borrowers admitted that they had borrowed money and other valuables from lenders.
- 雑戸は主に都に近い畿内及びその周辺諸国に居住した。
- Zakko mostly lived near the capital, such as in Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara) and its surrounding provinces.
- 歴史絵や美人画、役者絵などの浮世絵を主に手がける。
- He mainly drew pictures of historical subjects, beautiful women, and actors for ukiyoe woodblock prints.
- 寛政8年以降は主に備前東部を拠点としたとみられる。
- After 1796, his main base seemed to be in the Eastern part of Bizen Province.
- 寛治7年(1093年)第37世天台座主に補された。
- In 1093 he was assigned to the thirty-seventh Tendai-zasu.
- 19世紀中期まで銃の装塡は、主にこの方法で行われた。
- Until the mid 19th century, loading a gun was done mostly by this method.
- 一 侍小者ニよらす 其主に不乞暇罷出輩一切抱へからす
- Third, do not employ anyone who has left his or her former master without his or her permission, whether they are samurai or komono.
- 旧石器時代の打製石器には主に以下のようなものがある。
- Chipped stone tools in the Paleolithic era are as follows.
- 孝霊天皇の皇子で山陽道を主に制圧した四道将軍の一人。
- He was Emperor Korei's son and was dispatched to the Sanyodo region as one of the four General Commanders to conquer the region.
- 以下は主に『日本書紀』に拠った神武天皇の事跡である。
- The following careers of Emperor Jimmu are mostly based on Nihonshoki.
- 主に、広く一般に天皇の意思を伝えるために用いられた。
- Mainly, it was widely and commonly used to convey the emperor's intention.
- 平安時代中期から太閤検地まで、主に西日本で見られた。
- The system was found mainly in western Japan from the mid Heian period to the taiko kenchi (the cadastral surveys conducted by Hideyoshi).
- 父の頼光同様、主に京における中級官人として活動する。
- He worked mainly as a middle-ranking court official in Kyoto like his father Yorimitsu.
- 正親町三条家の当主に数えられるが、わずか3歳で卒去。
- He was one of the family heads of the Ogimachisanjo family, however, he died at the age of three.
- 主に淀発下り準急と臨時急行運転時に見ることが出来る。
- It is generally visible when a semi-express outbound train starting at Yodo Starting or a special express train is operated.
- これ以後、主に史伝の執筆や古典の評釈に主眼を移した。
- He shifted his focus to historical novels and commentaries on classical literature.
- 口承は、主に巫女や瞽女などの女語りで行われたという。
- It is said that oral transfer was mainly done by females such as miko (shrine maidens) and Goze (blind female musicians).
- 宗家は酢の販売、嫡家は海運業を主に取扱い、繁栄した。
- The Soke mainly sold vinegar and the Chakuke mainly ran the shipping business, and both of the families prospered.
- 中国では戦国時代 (中国)から唐時代に主に製作された。
- In China, it was produced mainly from the Warring States Period (China) to Tong Dynasty.
- 主に古墳の副葬品として出土し、埴輪や石人にも見られる。
- They were unearthed mainly as burial goods, and the tanko can be seen in design of haniwa and stone sculptures.
- 通常、親王が成婚したときに当該親王を当主に創設される。
- Normally when an Imperial Prince gets married, a Miyake is established with him as its head.
- 主に、将軍の私的な用向を伝える書状として機能していた。
- It was initially issued mainly for the purpose of conveying the private business of the shogun.
- 平安時代中期以降、開発領主による墾田開発が盛んになる。
- After the mid Heian Period, new rice fields were actively developed by Kaihatsu-ryoshu.
- 讃岐山脈南側(徳島県板野郡上板町)で主に作られている。
- It is mainly produced on the south side of the Sanuki Mountain Range (Kamiita-cho, Itano-gun, Tokushima Prefecture).
- 幼い頃から仏門に入り、鹿苑寺(金閣寺)の院主になった。
- He entered the Buddhist priesthood in his younger days and became the Inju (the chief of a temple) of the Rokuon-ji Temple (also known as Kinkaku-ji Temple).
- 主に、高齢者や兼業者がこういった勤務をする場合が多い。
- These types of drivers are mainly older persons or persons with dual employment.
- 翌年には水戸徳川家を相続し、最後の水戸藩主に就任した。
- In 1869, he succeeded to the Mito Tokugawa family and was appointed to the last lord of the Mito domain.
- 芸能を主に、様々な作品の題材として広く採りあげられた。
- It was widely adapted for various works as a subject matter, especially for public entertainment.
- この幽閉中に建白書「管見」を口述筆記し藩主に上程した。
- He wrote a petition 'Kanken' (the house diary of the Saionji family) by dictation during this confinement and submitted it to the lord of the clan.
- 律は刑罰法令、令は律以外の法令(主に行政法)に相当する。
- Lu ('律')corresponds to the penalty codes, while Li ('令'or '例') indicates the codes of law (mainly the administrative law) other than the penalty codes.
- (ここは、鎌田元一や前之園亮一の部民制を主に参考にした。
- (The bemin system studied by Motokazu KAMADA and Ryoichi MAENOSONO were mainly referenced here.)
- 主に、現在で言う皇宮警察や近衛兵のような役割をしていた。
- Otomo clan members mainly served as what are now called 'guardsmen' or 'the Imperial Guard.'
- 審議では主に学識者を中心とした勅任議員が存在感を見せた。
- Within the Diet, Chokunin Councilors - who were mainly scholars - increased their power.
- また畑に用いられる土地は368haで、主に普通畑である。
- Other fields used for farming total 368 ha, and are used for general farming.
- 主に明治時代から日本国憲法が施行される前に出され続けた。
- Chokugo had continuously been issued mainly since the Meiji Period before enforcement of the Constitution of Japan.
- 江戸では主に伝馬町界隈に出店する事が多かったようである。
- In Edo, many of them opened stores in the vicinity of Tenma-cho.
- 主に院司が受領に任じられて任国に下って知行国を支配した。
- Officials of the retired emperor's office were usually appointed to zuryo then travelled down to the province and took control of it.
- 主に戦国時代_(日本)の戦国大名の領国において普及する。
- It was widely used in Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) during the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) in Japan.
- 鎌倉時代頃から組織され、取扱うのは主に荘園からの年貢米。
- Toimaru, which came to be organized during the Kamakura period, mainly handled nengumai brought forward by manors.
- このように、主に運賃面と快適性をアピールする形になった。
- In this way, Kintetsu mainly appealed to the fares and riding comfort as its selling points.
- 明治14年(1881年)、高陳を離縁して当主に再任する。
- In 1881 Takatomi dissolved the adoptive heir arrangement with Takanobu and reassumed the role of domain lord.
- また、同年末に秀吉から近江水口4万石の城主に封じられた。
- At the end of the year, he was appointed to serve as the lord of Minakuchi, in Omi, with 40,000 koku.
- 翌年には14等出仕に昇進し、主に司法方面の勤務に就いた。
- In 1874, he was promoted to the 14th rank attendant and worked in the judicial branch.
- 主に軍記物語の『平家物語』に依って教経の活躍を記述する。
- Noritsune's energetic activities are described below mainly in accordance with the 'Tale of the Heike,' a military epic.
- 銀座といえば主に徳川家康が開いた江戸幕府の銀座が知られた。
- The most famous was the Edo shogunate ginza that was opened by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA.
- 以下、主に絵画・彫刻・工芸・建築の各分野について記述する。
- The following is a description focusing on painting, sculpture, handicraft, and architecture.
- 主に造営、および材木採集を掌り各職工を支配する役所である。
- This was a government office which was mainly in charge of constructions and collections of lumber, and controlled each workman.
- また主に飛騨国から徴発される匠丁(飛騨工)が付属していた。
- Also woodworkers mainly requisitioned from the Hida Province came along with them as their subordinates.
- ここでは主に江戸石川島に設置された人足寄場について述べる。
- Mainly described below is the Ninsokuyoseba set up on Ishikawa-jima Island, Edo.
- 主に稲作の伝播に従って、その初期に普及したと見られている。
- The ishi-bocho is believed to follow the spread of rice cropping and to become popular in its early stage.
- 主に流通したのは、小平銭と当2銭(または折2銭)であった。
- What were mainly circulated were shohei sen and to ni sen (or, ori ni sen [ori two sen]).
- 御所(ごしょ)とは主に天皇家の住居または天皇のことを指す。
- The Gosho generally refers to residences of the Imperial Family or the Emperor himself.
- しかしながら、主に中国で鋳造された中国銭が一般的であった。
- However, coins mainly made and used in China were generally utilized in Japan as well.
- 主に建設工事に使用され、開業後はほとんど使用されていない。
- It was mainly used for construction work and was seldom used after the inauguration.
- 主に、杣川(そまがわ)、野洲川沿いの忍者の里甲賀市を走る。
- The Kusatsu Line mainly runs along the Soma-gawa River and Yasu-gawa River in Koka City, which is historically known for its ninja.
- - フランスより帰国、水戸藩主に就任(水戸徳川家を相続)。
- He returned home from France and was appointed to the lord of Mito domain (he succeeded to the Mito Tokugawa family).
- 茶坊主に何らかの不手際があり、信長が激怒したことがあった。
- There is an episode where Nobunaga got mad when chabozu (tea-server) bungled a ceremony.
- 同年11月15日、老中に列し、武蔵国岩槻藩主に転ぜられた。
- On December 24 in the same year, he was appointed as the member of shogun's council of elders, and transferred to the Iwatsuki Domain of Musashi Province as a lord.
- 公卿としては主に後桜町上皇に仕え、その院別当などを務めた。
- As a Kugyo, he mainly served the retired Emperor Gosakuramachi and assumed positions of In no betto (chief administrator of the retired Emperor's office) and others.
- 1989年 父・伊藤真乗死去に伴い、真如苑第2代苑主に就任
- With the death of her father Shinjo ITO in 1989, she became the second generation Shinnyoen Buddhist.
- 次弟吉二郎が御勘定所書役、三弟信吾が表茶坊主に任ぜられた。
- His second eldest brother Kichijiro was appointed Go-kanjosho-shoyaku (cleric of finance ministry), and the third eldest brother Shingo was appointed Omote Chabozu (tea-server and caregiver to the Daimyo).
- 主に西国の軍事行動で活躍し安芸国内の沈静化にも務めている。
- He played an active role in the military action mainly in Saigoku (western part of Japan), and made an effort to calm down Aki Province.
- 浄土の様子を描いたもので、主に次のようなものがあげられる。
- The Jodo henso-zu, which describes the scenery of the Pure Land, has the following characteristics:
- そのため、座主を辞さるを得ず円仁派の教円が座主に就任した。
- In the face of such situation, he was forced to resign from the head priest of Tendai Sect and Kyoen, who belonged to Ennin's faction, was inaugurated as the head priest.
- 室町幕府の武家役は主に守護大名と京都の市民に対して課された。
- The bukeyaku by the Muromachi bakufu was mainly imposed on Shugo daimyo (Japanese territorial lord as provincial constable) and the citizens of Kyoto.
- 宋の商人は主に博多や越前敦賀へ来航し、私貿易が行われていた。
- The merchants in Sung mainly came to Hakata and Tsuruga, Echizen Province, to do private trade with Japanese.
- 町の名主に代わり、家持の代理人=家守(やもり)の代表である。
- Instead of a Nanushi of the town, Yamori (a manger who works for a homeowner or a landowner) who was to become a deputy of the homeowner, emerged.
- 主に霊元天皇と東山天皇の御世の朝廷政治の中枢として活躍した。
- He played a central role in the government of the Imperial court mainly in the eras of the Emperor Reigen and the Emperor Higashiyama.
- 主に正親町天皇(106代)・後陽成天皇(107代)に仕えた。
- He mainly served Emperor Ogimachi (the 106th) and Emperor Goyozei (the 107th).
- 立本寺第15世貫主に就任して衰微していた寺の再建に尽力した。
- He assumed the position of the 15th chief abbot of Ryuhon-ji Temple and endeavored to restore the decaying temple.
- 文禄3年(1595年)、丹波福知山4万石の城主に封じられる。
- In 1595, he was awarded Tanba Fukuchiyama-jo Castle and 40,000 koku of land.
- 主に称光天皇(101代)に仕え、官位は従二位大納言まで昇る。
- He mainly served Emperor Shoko (the 101st emperor), and advanced to Dainagon (chief councilor of state) at the rank of Junii (Junior Second Rank).
- その3ヵ月後の9月、老中となって主に諸外国との折衝を務めた。
- Three months later, in September, he became Roju (member of shogun's council of elders) and mainly conducted negotiations with foreign countries.
- 維新後は、主に久光の元で島津家に関わる史料の収集に携わった。
- After the Meiji Restoration, he mainly engaged to collect historical materials related to the Shimazu family for Hisamitsu.
- 主に院領関連などで公的機関に対して指示を下す際に用いられた。
- It was used mainly for giving instructions to official agencies in connection with the estates of retired emperors.
- のち、出家して茶坊主になった時は竜庵、仮名 (通称)は慎吾。
- When he entered into priesthood later and became a chabozu (tea-server), he was named Ryuan, and he also went by the kemyo (common name), Shingo.
- 父に先立って没したために歴代本願寺法主には加えられていない。
- Because his death preceded that of his father, he wasn't assigned to be the successive Hossu (head of a Buddhist sect) of Hongan-ji Temple.
- 永正年間に京都の指物師又四郎が定めたとされ、大工が主に用いた。
- It is said to be invented by a sashimonoshi (cabinetmaker) Matashiro in Kyoto during Eisho era (1504 to 1520) and was mainly used among carpenters.
- 近世には主に庄屋をはじめとする村役人に対して給田が設定された。
- In the modern ages, kyuden were designated mainly for village officials such as Shoya.
- 主に、落とし穴に落ちた動物を刺し、とどめとしたものと思われる。
- It is thought to have been used mainly for stabbing and killing animals fallen in a pitfall.
- 地主に小作料を支払って田畑を借りて営農することも小作と言った。
- Kosaku is also a name for farming which was practiced by renting a farmland and paying farm rent to a landlord.
- 国一揆が形成される契機として主に以下のような要因が挙げられる。
- Kuni ikki were formed primarily as a result from the following factors:
- 主に、米で納めるため、その米を年貢米(ねんぐまい)と呼ばれた。
- As the nengu was mainly paid by rice, the rice used for the taxation purpose was called 'nengumai' (the annual tribute rice).
- また、主に戦前戦中には戦時捕虜の身分にあるものも俘囚と呼んだ。
- The word Fushu was also used for people who were treated as prisoners of war, mainly before and during the war.
- 主に光格天皇(119代)・仁孝天皇(120代)の二帝に仕えた。
- He primarily served for the two sovereigns: the 119th Emperor Kokaku and the 120th Emperor Ninko.
- 主に東山天皇(112代)に仕え、官位は従三位近衛府まで昇った。
- He mostly served Emperor Higashiyama (the 112th), and was promoted to Jusanmi Konoefu (Junior Third Rank, the Headquarters of the Inner Palace Guards).
- 主に東山天皇(113代)に仕え、従二位権大納言まで昇っている。
- He mainly served Emperor Higashiyama (the 113th) and was raised to Junii Gon Dainagon (Junior Second Rank, Provisional Major Counselor) in the end.
- バス (車両)車(西日本JRバスは主にスーパーハイデッカー車)
- Vehicle: Bus (West JR Bus Company mainly uses super high-decker buses)
- The buses (the West JR Buss operates mainly with the super-high decker type buses)
- その後は、遊佐長教との関係を修復した畠山稙長が当主に復帰した。
- Tanenaga Hatakeyama returned as the head of the family by eventually repairing his relationship with Nagori Yusa.
- エフエム大阪 - 阪急阪神ホールディングスが株主になっている。
- FM Osaka: Hankyu Hanshin Holdings is one of its shareholders.
- 大国主は、自分が答える前に息子の事代主に訊ねるようにと言った。
- Okuninushi told him to ask his son, Kotoshironushi, before he answered.
- のちには地主に代わって町内の家主や雇い人が交代で担当している。
- Later, heads of households and employed guards, in place of landlords, worked by rotation.
- 現代では主に、空港などで外貨の両替を行う店舗および窓口を指す。
- In modern times the money changer mainly refers to stores and windows at airports that handle foreign money exchange.
- 倭国の産物とされるもののうち、鉄や絹は主に北九州から出土する。
- Amongst the things thought to have been products from the Wa state, iron and silk were mainly unearthed in northern Kyushu.
- 北条家の当主に代わって上洛して秀吉と数度の交渉に当たっている。
- He went to the capital (Kyoto) and negotiated with Hideyoshi several times, representing the head of the Hojo family.
- 主に外記や神祇官、大学寮や陰陽寮に属する諸道の学者などが行った。
- Such a survey was principally conducted by Geki (Secretary of the Grand Council of State), Jingikan (department of worship) and scholars of Shodo (various fields of academy) belonged to Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system) or Onmyoryo (Bureau of Divination).
- 賜田が支給されていたのは、主に有力貴族層だったと考えられている。
- It is considered that shiden was maily provided to a dominant nobility class.
- そのうち水田率は77.8%であり、主にコシヒカリを生産している。
- Of this, rice fields comprise 77.8% of the area where Koshihikari Rice is mainly produced.
- 主に5月下旬から、梅雨本番前ぶれのように雨が降り続く状態を言う。
- It means the condition in which rain continues like forerunner of the baiu front mainly from the end of May.
- 1つは、いずれも領主による所領支配を表していたとする考えである。
- One is that each of them indicated territorial control by a ryoshu.
- 主に伊勢平氏の一門及びその郎党、平家方に加担した者が挙げられる。
- This term principally refers to the family and retainers, as well as followers of Ise-Heishi (Taira clan).
- 1582年の山崎の戦い後、秀吉から丹波国福知山城主に任じられた。
- After the Battle of Yamazaki in 1582, he was appointed to as lord of Fukuchiyama-jo Castle in the Tanba Province by Hideyoshi.
- 1954年に日活に移り、主に滝沢英輔監督のチーフ助監督を務める。
- He transferred to Nikkatsu in 1954 and served mainly as a chief assistant director of Eisuke TAKIZAWA.
- 主に後醍醐天皇(96代)に仕え、官位は正二位権大納言まで昇った。
- He worked mainly for Emperor Godaigo (the 96th generation), and rose up to Shonii Gon Dainagon (Senior Second Rank, Provisional Major Counselor) in official court ranks.
- 一方,主に様式や鋳造技法の面から平城移転後の新造とする説もある。
- However, another theory insists that the Yakushi Sanzonzo was newly produced after relocation to Heijo-kyo in terms of style and casting technique, etc. used in producing such statues.
- 注文を受けて整えた品が注文主に受け取られないままになっていること
- the state of goods not having been taken by the customer who ordered them
- 像主について議論が続いている(→詳細は神護寺三像を参照のこと)。
- The subject of the portrait is still a matter of debate (See the three portraits of Jingo-ji Temple for details).
- 主に土地関係の権利書で、紛失した場合、その由来を書いて上申する。
- Mainly for deeds related to lands; when a deed was lost, a person wrote down the source of his or her right, and petitioned his or her superior about it.
- その画風は博学な知識に裏打ちされ、主に中国古典を題材にしている。
- Tessai's art style is based on his deep knowledge, with most of his works created under the theme of Chinese classics.
- 翌年には上洛し、足利勢と合流し主に畿内を中心として宮方と戦った。
- He went up to Kyoto in the next year and joined the power of Ashikaga to fight against the court's side mainly in Kinai region (the five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto).
- 主に桃園天皇(116代)・後桜町天皇(117代)の二代に仕えた。
- He mainly served the two emperors: Emperor Momozono (116th) and Empress Gosakuramachi (117th).
- 泉石は藩主に近侍して全国各地へ同行し、これら職務の補佐に務めた。
- Sanseki accompanied the lords of the domain on their visits to various places throughout the country to help them do their duties.
- 家臣は「松寿丸様が安芸の主になられるよう願いました。」と答えた。
- The retainer answered, 'I prayed that Mr. Shojumaru would become ruler of Aki Province.
- 六道とは、主に人間の内面において繰り返される(輪廻)世界を指す。
- Rokudo indicates the (reincarnated) worlds repeated mainly within a human.
- 大伴氏、佐伯氏など主に連(むらじ)姓を持った神別氏族に与えられた。
- Sukune was given to the clans branched from a family of god such as Otomo clan, Saeki clan who mainly had the title of Muraji.
- また、農民側から荘園領主に対して直務代官の派遣を求める例もあった。
- Moreover, the farmers might demand that the lord of the manor send a jikimu daikan.
- 主に、沿線の炭鉱から産出される石炭を積出港に運搬する役目を担った。
- It mainly served to transport coal produced from the coal mines along the railway lines to the port of shipment.
- 中部や関東では主に取れる堅果類がクリからトチノキに急激に変化した。
- The types of nuts mainly available for harvesting changed rapidly from chestnuts to buckeye in Chubu and Kanto regions.
- 伊佐津川(いさつがわ)は、京都府の主に舞鶴市を流れる二級水系の川。
- Isatsu-gawa River, a class B river system, runs mainly through Maizuru City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 大王大妃(だいおうだいひ)は主に現王のおばあさんで先代の王の母親。
- Daio ohi was a grandmother to the king and mother of the previous king.
- 足利義稙は、応仁の乱で西軍の盟主に擁立された足利義視の嫡子である。
- Yoshitane ASHIKAGA was the heir of Yoshimi ASHIKAGA, who was backed by the leader of Western forces during the Onin War.
- この区間は主に海岸線に沿って走るため、車窓からの風景は非常に良い。
- Trains run along the sea coast in this section, and the scenery from the windows is excellent.
- 駅周辺は主に住宅地であり、学生向けのワンルームマンションが目立つ。
- The area around the station is a residential district in which many one-room apartments are located.
- 六条院落成に際して冬の町の主に迎えられ、「冬の御方」とも呼ばれる。
- When the Rokujo estate was completed, she started to live in the winter quarter, and because of that, she is also called the 'Lady of Winter.'
- 京都で「俵屋」という絵画工房を率い、主に扇絵を制作していたらしい。
- It seems he had a studio called Tawaraya where he mainly painted pictures on folding fans.
- 主に近世の伝馬所(問屋場)に発祥した伝馬地名が各所に残されている。
- Place names including the word tenma still remain in various places where mainly modern tenmajo (post stations) were set.
- これは明との生糸貿易が主に秤量銀貨で決済されたことも関係している。
- This was partly related to the silk trade with Ming China settled in the shoryo silver coins.
- それは元就が理想とした国人領主による集団指導体制の延長線上である。
- This also extended to the collective leadership by which his kokujin lords lived within his ideal.
- 「天下の主になると祈願して、やっと中国地方がとれようというもの。」
- One might just be able to conquer the Chugoku region if one wishes to be a world-conqueror.'
- 無縫塔(むほうとう)は、主に僧侶の墓塔として使われる石塔(仏塔)。
- Muhoto is a stone pagoda (Buddhist pagoda) mostly used as a priest's tomb tower.
- 延徳2年(1490年)5月相国寺鹿苑院の塔主に擬せられるも、固辞。
- Although he was mentioned in May 1490 as the chief priest of Shokoku-ji Temple Rokuon-in, he resolutely declined.
- 当時の人々からは主に大政奉還と廃藩置県を指して御一新と呼ばれていた。
- Until then, it had been called the 'Restoration' (Goisshin), mainly referring to Haihan-chiken (the abolition of feudal domains and establishment of prefectures) and Taisei-hokan (transfer of power back to the emperor).
- 主に寺社領とは、寺社の維持・運営のために設置された所領のことである。
- The Jisharyo mainly meant shoryo (individual holding) settled for maintaining and operating temples and shrines.
- 素材は主に安山岩や砂岩など転石や河原石の石核を素材にする場合が多い。
- The raw materials were mainly the core of stones collected from ground such as Anzanfan rock (andesite) or sandstone, or stones in a riverbed.
- 江戸時代には、肥後熊本藩主細川氏の筆頭家老で実質の八代城主になった。
- In the Edo period, they served the lord of the Kumamoto Domain in Higo Province, the Hosokawa clan as Hittokaro (head of chief retainers), and became the lord of Yatsushiro-jo Castle.
- 水戸家は儒教を尊ぶ気風が強く、歴代藩主には漢風の諡号が贈られている。
- The Mito family highly respected Confucianism in character; thus successive lords of the Mito family were given posthumous Buddhist titles in Chinese fashion.
- 主に特定の人物・組織などを対象に天皇の意思を伝えるために用いられた。
- It was mainly used to convey the emperor's intention for a specific person and organization.
- 輩行名(はいこうめい)は、主に日本における男性の名前の種類のひとつ。
- A haikomei is a type of name for men used mostly in Japan.
- 主に官職の呼称と変遷、それにつくための家格・経歴について論じている。
- The book mainly discusses the titles of the government posts and their transitions as well as family social standing and experience required in order to be allowed to assume these posts.
- 主に小津安二郎の助監督をつとめ、松竹大船助監督部の幹事にまでなった。
- He worked as assitant director mainly to Yasujiro OZU, and even managed to be promoted to board member of the Shochiku Ofuna Assistant Directors Department.
- 主に仁孝天皇(120代)・孝明天皇(121代)の二帝にわたり仕えた。
- He primarily served for the two sovereigns: the 120th Emperor Ninko and the 121st Emperor Komei.
- 主に霊元天皇(112代)に仕え、官位は正四位下左近衛中将まで進んだ。
- He mainly served Emperor Reigen (the 112th), and his official court rank culminated at Sakone no chujo (Middle Captain of the Left Division of Inner Palace Guards) of Shoshiinoge (Senior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade).
- 主に光格天皇(119代)の代に仕え、官位は従三位権中納言まで昇った。
- He mainly served during the time of Emperor Kokaku (119th) and was promoted to the official rank of Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) Gon Chunagon (a provisional vice-councilor of state).
- 中小私鉄は主にJRの駅から離れた都市とJR駅を結ぶ役割のものが多い。
- The majority of the small-and-medium-sized private railway companies, on the other hand, usually connect the city, which is far from JR stations, and a JR station.
- 主に後陽成天皇(107代)時代の朝廷に仕え、正三位近衛府まで昇った。
- He mainly served the Imperial Court in the era of Emperor Goyozei (the 107th) and advanced to a post at Konoefu (the headquarters of the inner palace guards) at the rank of Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank).
- 片岡仁左衛門所縁の名跡だが、八代目仁左衛門系統で主に用いられている。
- It belongs to Nizaemon KATAOKA and is mainly used in the line of Nizaemon KATAOKA the eighth.
- 天正13年(1585年):近江国水口岡山城主になり6万石を拝領する。
- 1585: He became the lord of the Minakuchi-Okayama-jo Castle in Omi Province and was granted 60,000 koku crop yields.
- 主に布帛の計量に用いられ、日本に入って「反」とも書かれるようになった。
- The tan (端) was mainly used to measure fuhaku (cotton, silk, textile fabrics) in China and the Chinese character 反 (tan) was also applied after it has been imported into Japan.
- 主に日本列島に居住しており、日本国を形成し、日本国の大多数民族である。
- The Yamato race is the major race in Japan, living mainly in the Japanese archipelago which forms the country.
- 福知山の工場は主に磁気テープなどを中心に製作する主力工場となっている。
- The plant in Fukuchiyama is a main factory which mainly produces magnetic tapes.
- 1584年に当主になった17代・伊達政宗は強硬な領土拡張政策を進めた。
- Masamune DATE, who succeeded the reigns of the family in 1584, promoted a hard-line territorial expansion policy.
- 主に仁孝天皇(120代)の代の朝廷に仕え、官位は従三位近衛府まで進む。
- He primarily served for the sovereign of the 120th Emperor Ninko in the Imperial Court; He was promoted up to Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) Konoefu (Government Official at the Headquarters of the Inner Palace Guards).
- 朝、夕は通学生の利用が多く、それ以外の時間は、主に市民が利用している。
- The station is generally used by students in the morning and evening, and mainly by residents at other times.
- 主に東山天皇の御世に朝廷政治の中枢となり、幕府との関係改善に尽力した。
- He became the central figure within the Imperial Court during the reign of Emperor Higashiyama and tried to improve relations with the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 同18年には相国寺開山の夢窓疎石をまつる崇寿院(開山塔)の塔主に遷任。
- In 1484, he was transferred and made the chief priest of Soju-in Temple (the founder's pagoda), a temple in which Muso Soseki, the founder of Shokoku-ji Temple, was enshrined.
- 井伊が暗殺されると主に諸藩の下級武士を中心とする尊攘派の活動が激化した。
- Once Ii was assassinated, the Sonjo Movement led by the lower ranking warriors from various clans became more violent.
- 筥陶司は陶器・木器・箱など、主に食器類・容器類の管理・生産を職掌とする。
- Kyotoshi managed and produced mainly the dinnerware and containers such as earthenware, wooden product, box and so on as its official duty.
- 主に四つある港湾をまとめたスーパー中枢港湾として阪神港という名称がある。
- Hanshin Port is the name of the Super Central Port which integrates the main four ports.
- なお、以上のような解由制は、主に国司の事務引継ぎを対象とするものだった。
- The geyu system described above was mostly concerned with kokushi, or more specifically, handing over a description of matters necessary for continuing office duties when a new kokushi was appointed.
- 百姓層の団結を背景として、国司・荘園領主に必ずしも従わない名主も現れた。
- Against the background of the increasing solidarity among farmers, some myoshu farmers even refused to obey their rulers.
- 鎌倉時代中期から南北朝時代 (日本)までを中心に、主に西日本で見られた。
- Shitaji chubun was implemented mainly in the western part of Japan from the mid-Kamakura period to the period of Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
- 主に霊元天皇(112代)の代の朝廷に仕え、官位は従三位近衛府まで昇った。
- He primarily served for the sovereign of the 112th Emperor Reigen in the Imperial Court; He was promoted up to 'Jusanmi Knoefu' (Junior Third Rank and the Headquarters of the Inner Palace Guards).
- 主に中御門天皇(114代)・桜町天皇(115代)の二帝にわたって仕えた。
- He served at the Imperial Court during the reigns of two emperors: Emperor Nakamikado (the one hundred-fourteenth Japanese emperor) and Emperor Sakuramachi (the one hundred-fifteenth Japanese emperor).
- 財産を売買したことを認め、買主に権利を譲渡したことを売り手が認めた文書。
- Documents issued wherein a vendor recognized that the vendor and vendee had dealt in the vendor's property, and that the title had been transferred to the vendee.
- 勅任・奏任・判任の下位に置かれており、主に雑任を補任する際に用いられる。
- It was subordinated to Chokunin (imperial appointment), Sonin (appointment by Dajokan [Grand Council of State] upon imperial approval) and Hannin (appointment by Shikibu-sho [the Ministry of Ceremonial] upon approval of Dajokan), and was mainly used when conducting Bunin for Zonin (lower-ranking government official).
- 秤座は地方の領主に冥加金を納入することによってこれらの役所を維持させた。
- Hakari-za had local lords maintain such branches by paying them myogakin (money to dedicate).
- こうして日本で初めて、戸主に限り、女性参政権が正式に認められるに至った。
- Accordingly, only women who were householders became eligible to vote for the first time in Japan.
- それがもとで富山弥兵衛らに丸坊主にされた後、斬殺されてしまったと伝わる。
- It is said that because of this cheating, his head was shaved in skinhead, and he was savagely murdered by Yahei TOYAMA and others.
- 光圀は、兄(頼重)を差し置いて藩主になったことを後悔していたといわれる。
- He apparently regretted that he became lord instead of his elder brother (Yorishige).
- 主に駿府城の蓄財としての分銅銀、丁銀を鋳造することが目的であったとされる。
- The objective is believed to be the minting of silver ingots and chogin silver that had been stored in Sunpu Castle.
- 上表文(じょうひょうぶん)とは、君主に文書を奉ること、またその文書をいう。
- Johyobun indicates the act of presenting a written document to a monarch or the document itself.
- 主に本文の訓読に関する記述が多いが、中には内容にまで踏み込んだものもある。
- The contents of the notes were mainly about kun-doku (the word-for-word translating method from Chinese to Japanese) of the main text of the 'Nihonshoki' but some of them delved into the comprehension of it.
- 主に江戸幕府初期の、徳川家康から徳川家光までが行った政治姿勢のことを指す。
- It usually refers to a government ruled by shogun from Ieyasu TOKUGAWA to Iemitsu TOKUGAWA in the early Edo period.
- ヴェトナムの「天下」は主に中越関係に影響されながら、その領域を変容させた。
- The territory of Vietnam's 'Tenka' changed under the influence of Sino-Vietnam relations.
- 農村の貧困は地主に土地を集積させ、彼らの資本は株式などの投資に向けられた。
- The poverty of farmers made land owners accumulate lands and their capital was turned to the investment such as stocks.
- 功一級天皇直隷部隊の将官(主に大・中将)たる司令官に対して特別詮議の上授与
- The First Grade is awarded, after special investigation, to commanding officers (mainly commanders or lieutenant generals) serving as generals of forces directly under the Emperor's supervision.
- なお、正敦は仙台藩の藩主に若年藩主が相次いだため、その補佐役も務めている。
- In addition, Masaatsu also worked as an assistant of the lord of the Sendai Domain because subsequent lords of the domain were all young.
- 上記の理由により作成された鐚銭には、主に貫銭に混ぜるための工作が行われた。
- For the bitasen coins that were made based upon the reasons described above, some tricks were used to make these coins mainly for the purpose of being mixed with kansen coins.
- また、摂関家や将軍家の当主に学問を教授する学者も侍読と呼ばれるようになる。
- Scholars who tutored the family heads of the Sekkan-ke (families which produced regents) and the family of the Shogun also came to be called Jidoku.
- 鎌倉幕府の成立に従い、主に東国の武士は鎌倉幕府に奉公する、御家人となった。
- With the establishment of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), samurais, especially in the Kanto region, became Gokenin (lower-ranking vassals in the Kamakura and Edo periods) who entered into the service of the Kamakura bakufu.
- 主に惣領と正妻の間に生まれた長男、即ち嫡男により継承される血筋を意味する。
- It mainly denotes the line of descent succeeded by the eldest son, or the chakunan (the eldest son and heir), of the soryo (head of a clan) and his legal wife.
- ヨーロッパ荘園制の特徴は、法的・経済的な権力が領主に集中していた点にある。
- Characteristically in shoens in Europe, the legal and economical power was concentrated on the lord.
- また、平仮名は漢字の草書体を元にしたもので(安→あ)主に女性が用い始めた。
- Hiragana was designed from the sosho (cursive) style writing of kanji characters (for example あ from 安) and it was mainly women who started to use Hiragana.
- 主に後桃園天皇(118代)・光格天皇(119代)の二帝にわたり仕えた廷臣。
- He was a retainer of the Imperial Court who served two emperors: Emperor Gomomozono (118th) and Emperor Kokaku (119th).
- 主に光格天皇(119代)の代の朝廷に仕え、官位は正二位権大納言まで昇った。
- He mainly served the Emperor Kokaku (119th) in the Imperial Court and rose to the official rank of Shonii (Senior Second Rank), Gon Dainagon (a provisional chief councilor of state).
- 続く17代門主の実全(昌雲の弟子で甥でもある)も後に天台座主になっている。
- The 17th chief priest Jitsuzen (the disciple and nephew of Shoun) went on to become Tendai Zasu.
- 政治が絡む替地は、施行する幕府・領主にあっては、単なる事務処理に過ぎない。
- Kaechi was a political matter that essentially mere paperwork for the shogunate or feudal lord enacting the transfer.
- 以後主に市川團十郎 (8代目)や市川小團次 (4代目)のために台本を書く。
- Since then, he wrote scripts for Danjuro ICHIKAWA (the eighth) and Kodanji ICHIKAWA (the fourth).
- 元美は後に『因云碁話』に改題したが、『爛柯堂棋話』の名で主に伝わっている。
- Genbi later changed the title of the work to '因云碁話' but it is mostly passed down as 'Rankadokiwa'.
- 景久の知られている事跡は主に『平家物語』(『源平盛衰記』)に基づいている。
- The known achievements of Kagehisa were extrapolated mainly from Heike Monogatari (the Tale of the Heike) (Genpei Seisui Ki (Rise and Fall of the Minamoto and Taira clans)).
- 伊那県や司法省、千葉県、山形県などにおいて、主に司法・警察関係に奉職した。
- He held a position mainly in judicial and police organizations in Ina Prefecture, Ministry of Justice, Chiba Prefecture, Yamagata Prefecture and so on.
- 冷媒用途が主になっており、産業界の計画的な取り組みに任されている状況である。
- This material is mainly used as a cooling medium, and its reduction is up to plans and activities of the industry.
- 主に大阪平野を中心に、播磨平野・京都盆地・奈良盆地・近江盆地に広がっている。
- It spreads over the Harima Plain, Kyoto Basin, Nara Basin and Omi Basin, mainly centered in the Osaka Plain.
- そこで崇神は、神の娘大田田根子を大神神社の神主にすると、平和になったという。
- Therefore, Sujin made Omononushi no kami's daughter, Taneko OTA, to be a shinto priest, and the country became peaceful.
- 恩賞として美濃国烏峰城主に封じられる(改築の上、金山城 (美濃国)に改名)。
- As a reward for his service, Yoshinari was made lord of Uho-jo Castle (which was renamed Kaneyama-jo Castle (in Mino province) after it was restored).
- 戊辰戦争の最終地である箱館五稜郭へと転戦し、主に箱館市中の取締の任にあたる。
- After having fought in various battles, he reached Hakodate Goryokaku, which was the final field of the Boshin War, and he took charge of controlling Hakodate City mainly.
- 政治は始め執権を務める北条氏などが主に執ったが、成長するにつれ関与を深めた。
- At first, policies were determined mainly by the Hojo clan, but he participated in policies more deeply as he grew.
- それに対して元就は「何故天下の主になれるように願わなかったのだ?」と言った。
- Motonari said, 'Why didn't you pray that I would become ruler of the world?'
- 宿坊(しゅくぼう)は、主に仏教寺院などで修行中の僧が寝泊りをする建物である。
- Shukubo is a form of lodging for priests who are conducting ascetic practices, mainly in Buddhist temples.
- 根来・雑賀衆は畠山貞政を名目上の盟主に立て、さらに紀南の湯河氏の支援も受けた。
- Negoro and Saiga shu worked respectfully for Sadamasa HATAKEYAMA as a nominal master and also received the support of the Yukawa clan in Kinan (southern part of Wakayama Prefecture).
- ただし、判示部分の意味については、争いがあり、主に以下の2つの見解が存在した。
- However, the judgment caused arguments mainly with the two opinions as follows.
- 「施」の字はなぜか読まれないことが多く、中世以降は主に「やくいん」と呼ばれた。
- Apparently for no reason, the first character of 'se (施)' is often silent, and Seyaku-in has been generally referred to as 'Yakuin' since the medieval period.
- 前者は主に江戸や京都周辺で用いられ、後者は主として九州方面にて用いられている。
- The former was mostly used in around the Edo and Kyoto areas, and the latter was mainly used in the Kyushu area.
- 主に皇室令により規定されていたが、日本国憲法施行の際、これらは全て廃止された。
- It was mainly stipulated in the imperial edict, but was abolished completely when the Constitution of Japan was effectuated.
- 阿智神社:岡山県倉敷市本町1、坂上氏の祖、東漢氏の祖、阿智使主に由来する神社。
- Achi-jinja Shrine - the Shito shrine located in 1 Honmachi, Kurashiki City, Okayama Prefecture, derived from Prince Achi (Achi no Omi), who was the ancestor of Sakanoue and Yamatonoaya clans,
- この八田一族からは、主に常陸国、肥前国の小田氏や安芸国の宍戸氏などが輩出する。
- This Hatta family produced the Oda clans in Hitachi Province and Hizen Province and the Shishido clan in Aki Province in particular.
- 元禄16年にはさらに5000石の加増があり、結城城築城を命ぜられ城主に列する。
- In 1703, 5,000 koku was added; he was also assigned to be in charge of the erection of Yuki-jo Castle and ranked with the lord.
- 主に11月下旬から12月上旬にかけての、連続した降雨を「さざんか梅雨」と言う。
- Continual rain mainly around the end of November and the beginning of December is called 'sazanka tsuyu.'
- 主に希望者は複数名からなる団体として申し込みをし、清掃活動を行うことができる。
- To clean the Palace, those who wish to offer their voluntary services must form a group, which then applies for a volunteer opportunity to the Agency.
- この語は、今日では主にスカンディナヴィア諸王国の王太子の呼称として用いられる。
- Today this word is mainly used as a title of crown prince in Scandinavian countries.
- 主に花鳥画で行われ、中国の徐熙、徐崇嗣などの系統を受ける徐氏体の手法とされる。
- It is mainly used in kachoga (painting of flowers and birds), and the technique is said to be the technique of Joshitai belonging to the lineage of Joki and Josushi.
- 大都市圏にある大手私鉄・準大手私鉄は主に都心と郊外を結ぶ路線網を構築している。
- Major and second-tier private railway companies located in metropolitan areas mainly establish railway networks connecting the city center and the suburbs.
- (事前に命名候補を幾つか用意し、その中から神主に陰陽五行に基づき選んでもらう。
- (Inform several candidates beforehand, and the shrine's Shinto priest will select the best name among them on the basis of Yin-Yang and the five elements.
- が、樂家の系図類でも歴代の当主には数えられていない点など、謎が多い人物である。
- However, Sokei is not counted as one of the heads of the Raku family in the family tree; there are a lot of mysteries about him.
- 現在、主に春・秋の行楽シーズンには、京都本線において臨時列車が運行されている。
- Currently, this type of train is mainly operated on the Kyoto Main Line during the spring and autumn tourist seasons.
- 嘉永4年(1851年)2月2日、島津斉興が隠居し、島津斉彬が薩摩藩主になった。
- On February 2, 1851, Narioki Shimazu retired, and Nariakira SHIMAZU became lord of the Satsuma Domain.
- 主に地方勤務の役人に支給され、奉行だけではなく中級の組頭などにも給されていた。
- Yakukin was paid mainly to officers working in provincial areas, including high-ranking bugyo and middle-ranking kumigashira.
- そのため跡を継ぐことができず、14代藩主には慶邦の四男・宗基が継いだのである。
- For this reason, he was not able to succeed Yoshikuni, and Munemoto, his fourth son, succeeded him as the 14th lord of the domain.
- 東アジア諸国において、主に国家によって公式に編纂された王朝の歴史書のことである。
- In various countries in East Asia, seishi are history books officially compiled by the ruling dynasties of their respective countries.
- 江戸時代には、主に大坂を中心とした西日本および北陸、東北と広域に亘って流通した。
- In the Edo period, Chogin were circulated widely in western Japan mainly in the Osaka and Hokuriku and Tohoku regions.
- 織田信雄軍が明智の残党を炙り出すために城下に放火したのが天主に延焼したという説。
- A theory suggests that when the troops of Nobukatsu ODA set a fire at the foot of the castle to burn out the remnants of the Akechi's party, it spread to the castle tower.
- 1493年(明応2年)天台座主に就任し、焼失した比叡山根本中堂の再建に尽力した。
- He took the post of head priest of the Buddhist Tendai sect in 1493, and devoted himself to rebuilding the burned-out Konponchudo (hall temple hall) located on Mt. Hiei.
- 太政官の外記などが有力公卿などである知行国国主に雇われて派遣される場合もあった。
- Moreover, geki of daijokan (secretary of the grand council) might be sent by a chigyo-kokushu (provincial proprietor), an influential kugyo (top court official).
- 発表時には、清水寺の奥の院舞台にて、貫主により巨大な半紙に漢字一字が揮毫される。
- At the time of the announcement, the Chinese character is brushed on a large sheet of Japanese writing pater by the chief priest of Kiyomizu-dera Temple upon the Oku no in (inner sanctuary) stage.
- 武家伝奏役などをつとめて主に霊元天皇・東山天皇の御世の朝廷政治において活躍した。
- He actively engaged in politics in the Imperial Court mainly in the era of the Emperor Reigen and the Emperor Higashiyama, for example, by acting as a bukedensoyaku (a position to transmit request from buke to the emperor or the retired emperor).
- 主に近衛尚嗣(19代当主)、近衛基熙(20代当主)の2代にわたり近衛家に仕えた。
- He mostly served the Konoe family for two generations, Hisatugu KONOE (the nineteenth head of the Konoe family) and Motohiro KONOE (the twentieth head of the Konoe family).
- このCMはAC大阪事務局が企画し、主に関西ローカル(一部全国)で放送されている。
- This commercial film, produced by the Japan Ad Council's Osaka Bureau, aired mainly on Kansai local TV (partially nationwide).
- 延宝2年(1674年)、松山藩主松平定長の養嗣子となり、同年、松山藩藩主に就任。
- In 1674, he became the adoptive heir of Sadanaga MATSUDAIRA, the lord of the Matsuyama Domain and went on to succeed him as lord of the Matsuyama Domain.
- 俳諧(はいかい)とは、主に江戸時代に栄えた日本文学の形式、また、その作品のこと。
- Haikai is a form of Japanese literature (or a work of haikai) that generally flourished during the Edo period.
- 主に本歌を背景として用いることで奥行きを与えて表現効果の重層化を図る際に用いた。
- This technique was used to give depth by using the original as a background and to make the expressive effect multilayered.
- 「一竿子」は号で、寳永、元禄頃の刀身彫りが施されている作の銘に主に使われている。
- The word 'Ikkanshi' refer to the go (byname) and was used for the swords with the curving of blade as inscription which were produced around the Kanei and Genroku eras.
- はじめ宇喜多直家の家臣として仕え、主に外交担当の使者を務めていたと言われている。
- It is said that he was a vassal of Naoie UKITA at first and served mainly as an envoy in charge of diplomacy.
- 主に水上交通の要所を経由する船内で乗客のために説法などを行わせて寄付を募らせた。
- Monks preached mainly on the boats that visited key water-transportation points in order to collect donations.
- 律令制(りつりょうせい)は、主に古代東アジアで見られた中央集権的な統治制度である。
- The Ritsuryo system is the Japanese term for the system of centralized government seen mainly in ancient East Asia.
- 同合戦後、北条軍に攻められた真里谷信応とその支持者は降伏して信隆が当主に復帰した。
- After the above battle, Nobumasa MARIYA and his suppoters surrendered to the Hojo army and Nobutaka returned to the head of the clan.
- 辻斬(つじぎり)とは、主に江戸時代に武士が街中などで無差別に通行人を刀で斬ること。
- Tsujigiri stands for the action of a samurai who indiscriminately kills a passers-by with his blade on the street and was observed most frequently during the Edo period.
- 尾張は下守護代の郡奉行出身の織田信長が上下両守護代の内紛に乗じて尾張国主に収まる。
- With respect to Owari, Nobunaga ODA from koribugyo (a magistrate of a county) of shimo shugodai (deputy of shugo (provincial constable) for shimo yongun (literally, four gun in lower Owari)) became the lord of Owari by taking advantage of internal conflict between kami and shimo shugodai.
- 主に霊元天皇(112代)・東山天皇(113代)の二代に仕え、正三位参議まで昇った。
- He mainly served two Emperors, Emperor Reigen (112th) and Emperor Higashiyama (113th), and he advanced up to Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank) Sangi (councilor).
- 普段は通学・買い物客が大半を占め、主に舞鶴都市圏に属するため舞鶴市への利用が多い。
- Normally, users of this station, who are mostly students and shoppers, use it to go to Maizuru City because the area around the station effectively belongs to the city area of Maizuru.
- 内典は主に五山僧によって抄物がつくられたために、原典はほとんどすべてが禅籍である。
- Priests of the Five Zen Monasteries made shomono mainly regarding Buddhist literature, so most of the original texts were books about Zen Buddhism.
- 享保15年(1730年)ころ本町筋の年寄役となり、藩主に拝謁を許されるにいたった。
- At around 1730, the family gained an official position of chief executive of Honmachi-suji and became allowed to meet the lord of the Tosa clan.
- 城主格大名とは国許の屋敷が陣屋である大名のうち、城主に準ずる待遇城主格大名の優遇例
- A joshukaku daimyo was a daimyo whose residence in his hometown was a jinya, but who was treated like a joshu daimyo; which is an example of preferential treatment of a daimyo without a castle as joshu daimyo.
- 主に出挙・相続・売買・貸借・土地所有・財産譲与などに関して重点的に解説されている。
- It puts emphasis on explanations about Suiko (government loans made to peasants), inheritance, buying and selling, borrowing and lending, landholding and assignment of property.
- 近藤が名乗って、竹刀での立ち合いを望んだところ、物外は「坊主に竹刀は似合わんでな。
- KONDO introduced himself and asked for a fight using a bamboo sword, but Motsugai said, 'A bamboo sword doesn't fit a priest.'
- 亀山藩の松平信岑・平戸藩の松浦清・膳所藩の本多康完などの藩主に賓師として招かれた。
- Kien was invited as a teacher of honor ('hinshi' in Japanese) by some feudal lords including Nobumine MATSUDAIRA of Kameyama Domain, Kiyoshi MATSUURA of Hirado Domain and Yasusada HONDA of Zeze Domain.
- 山下居留地は主に外国商社が立ち並ぶ商業区域となり、山手居留地は外国人住宅地となった。
- Yamashita settlement essentially became a business district lined with foreign firms, while Yamate settlement became the foreign residential area.
- 主に3月下旬から4月上旬にかけての、連続した降雨を「菜種梅雨」(なたねつゆ)と言う。
- Continual rainfall mainly from the end of March to the beginning of April is called 'Natanetsuyu.'
- 正月の大神神社に訪れる初詣客は、主にJR桜井線を利用し三輪駅は普段の数十倍混雑する。
- Visitors to Omiwa-jinja Shrine for 'hatsumode' (the practice of visiting a shrine or temple at the beginning of the New Year) mainly use JR Sakurai Line, and at that time Miwa Station is dozens of times as crowded as usual.
- 代表的なものは主に現在の祝祭日(春分の日の春季皇霊祭など)にあたる日に行われている。
- Important rituals are conducted on current national holidays (e.g. the Spring Commemoration for the Imperial Spirits on the Spring Equinox Day).
- 主に日本の戦国時代 (日本)の合戦では、敵軍に対し最初に槍で勝利をあげた者を指した。
- In battles during the Sengoku period (Japan), Ichiban-yari usually referred to the first warrior to defeat an enemy with a spear.
- それから、約2万年前にシベリアから新たに細石刃と呼ばれる石器が主に東日本に広まった。
- Then about 20,000 years ago, stone stools called microblades were brought to Japan from Siberia and were used mostly in eastern Japan.
- 主に113代東山天皇・114代中御門天皇時代の朝廷に仕え、正二位大納言までのぼった。
- He served at the imperial court mainly under the reigns of the 113th Emperor Higashiyama and the 114th Emperor Nakamikado, and was promoted to Shonii (Senior Second Rank) Dainagon (Major Counselor) in the end.
- 神護景雲年間(767年 - 770年)に東大寺主になり、大学頭大法師を兼ねたという。
- During the Jingo Keiun era (767 -770), he was the manager of Todai-ji Temple and concurrently served as Daigakunokami Daihoshi (Director of the Bureau of Education, Daihoshi).
- 豊惇は病気のため隠居したという形をとり、嘉永元年12月27日、豊信が藩主に就任した。
- They set up a situation whereby Toyoatsu retired due to illness, and on January 21, 1849, Toyoshige assumed the position as lord of the domain.
- 鉄器は耐久性や刃の鋭さから主に利器として、特に工具や農具(収穫具)として用いられた。
- Ironware was mainly used for sharp-edged tools, especially implements and farming equipment (harvesting equipment) because of its durability and sharpness of edge.
- 白川水系の主に熊本平野への灌漑事業に於ける、非常に実験的な用水技術(馬場楠井手)等。
- He adopted a remarkably experimental technology for irrigation channels (Babakusu no Ide) in the irrigation works for the Shira-kawa River system, mainly to the Kumamoto Plain.
- 松原は、八月十八日の政変の出動の際、丸坊主に白鉢巻、薙刀を携え、さらに巨漢であった。
- Matsubara participated in the Coup of August 18 with a white headband on his shaved head and a naginata at his side, in addition to being so big.
- 長慶が畿内を平定した天文22年(1553年)に摂津滝山城 (摂津国)主に任ぜられる。
- When Nagayoshi conquered Kinai in 1553, he appointed Hisahide the lord of Settsu-Takiyama-jo Castle (in Settsu Province).
- 大正から戦後にかけて、主に女性の武道となり、「なぎなた」として現代も競技が盛んである。
- It became a martial art mainly for women from Taisho period to post war period and is till practiced as 'Naginata' in modern day.
- 紀伝道(きでんどう)とは、日本律令制の大学寮において、歴史(主に中国史)を教えた学科。
- Kidendo is a subject in the daigakuryo (Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code)) in Japan under the Ritsuryo system in which history (mainly Chinese history) was taught.
- 明和4年(1767年)より長崎で主に貿易専用に銅銭が鋳造されたが質は悪いものであった。
- Copper coins were minted especially for international trade in Nagasaki after 1767, but their quality was poor.
- 縄文時代に弓矢の使用とともに現れ、縄文・弥生時代時代において主に狩猟具として使われた。
- Sekizoku was developed as the usage of Yumiya (a bow and arrow) started in the Jomon period and it was used during Jomon and Yayoi periods mainly as a hunting tool.
- 宇治川は主に京都市との境界線を形成し、木津川は城陽市・八幡市との境界線を形成している。
- The Uji-gawa River mainly forms a border with Kyoto City, and the Kizu-gawa River forms a border with Joyo City and Yawata City.
- 社会派映画を主に手掛け、戦後日本映画の左翼ヒューマニズムを代表する代表する名匠である。
- Having mainly created social films, he was a great filmmaker representing leftist humanism in Japanese cinema after World War II.
- 山間の狭い所にある集落であり、農耕地は主に駅と反対側の民家裏に少し存在する程度である。
- They form a narrow village between the mountains; a bit of farmland exists as well, mainly behind the houses on the opposite side of the station.
- 主に後水尾天皇(108代)・明正天皇(109代)に仕え、官位は正三位権中納言まで昇る。
- He mainly served Emperor Gomizunoo (108th) and Emperor Meisho (109th) and his official rank was raised to Shosanmi Gon Chunagon (Senior Third Rank, provisional vice-councilor of state).
- ほか、次男・忠隆の系統は主に近江国を地盤として、善積氏や近江和田氏などを輩出している。
- On the other hand, his second son Tadataka's line principally placed its power base in Omi Province, where the Yoshizumi clan, the Omiwada clan, and others were formed.
- だが、顕家に反抗する北朝方の領主に攻められて南陸奥の南朝方拠点である霊山城に追われた。
- However, Akiie was attacked by a feudal lord who supported the Northern Court in opposition to him, and was driven to Ryozen-jo Castle located in the south of Mutsu Province, which served as a military base of the Southern Court.
- 時代に翻弄され小藩の領主に止まったが、政治手腕・実戦経験ともに充実した人物と言えよう。
- Although he remained the local lord of a small domain at the mercy of times, it is likely that he was full of political skills and actual-fight experiences.
- 古筆は主に貴族文化の中で、本来、冊子や巻物という完全な形で大切に保存、鑑賞されていた。
- Old writings were mainly stored and appreciated as books or rolls in their entirety with care in the aristocratic culture.
- 1030年(長元3年)伝法阿闍梨に任じられ、醍醐寺座主に就任、ついで権大僧都となった。
- In 1030, he was appointed to Denpo Ajari (a master in Esoteric Buddhism) and was inaugurated as the chief priest of Daigo-ji Temple, and subsequently he was conferred the title of Gon Daisozu (a title of high-ranking Buddhist monk).
- 山崎の戦いの後、明智秀満率いる明智軍の退却後、天主とその周辺建物(主に本丸)を焼失した。
- After the Battle of Yamazaki, following the withdrawal of Akechi's army led by Hidemitsu AKECHI from Azuchi-jo Castle, castle tower and surrounding structures (mainly Honmaru) were burnt down.
- 旧石器時代・縄文時代・弥生時代時代において主に樹木の伐採や土掘り、農耕用として使われた。
- Stone axes were mainly used for felling of trees, soil digging and farming in the Paleolithic period, the Jomon period and the Yayoi period.
- 湯起請(ゆきしょう)とは、主に裁判の際に、二人の内どちらの主張が正しいかを審理する方法。
- Yugisho is a method that was mainly used in trials to judge which of the two claimants involved had a just claim.
- 秀吉は初めての領地が長浜市であった関係もあり、多数の近江国民を主に事務方として登用した。
- Partly because Hideyoshi's first territory was Nagahama City, he promoted a lot of people from Omi as the clerical staff.
- 1265年(文永2年)天台座主に任じられ、亀山天皇(後鳥羽天皇の曾孫)の護持僧となった。
- In 1265 he was appointed as the head priest of the Tendai sect of Buddhism and became Gojiso (a priest who was responsible to protect the Emperor) for Emperor Kameyama (a great grand son of Emperor Gotoba.)
- 大宝律令の制定後は公式令 (律令法)に基づいて出された勅旨などの勅書のことを主に指した。
- After the Taiho Ritsuryo (Taiho Code) was established, it mainly meant the Chokusho such as Chokushi based on Kushiki-ryo (law on state documentary forms in the Yoro Code).
- 第二の系統は建武年間足利尊氏に味方し、今川範国に属して遠江国に移住して二俣城主になった。
- The second lineage is the clan that sided with Takauji ASHIKAGA during Kenmu era, then moved to Totomi Province and became the castellan of Futamata-jo Castle by affiliating itself with Norikuni IMAGAWA.
- 主に後小松天皇(100代)・称光天皇(101代)に仕え、官位は正二位権大納言まで昇った。
- He mainly served Emperor Gokomatsu (the 100th) and the Emperor Shoko (the 101st), and promoted to Shonii Gon Dainagon (Senior Second Rank, Provisional chief councilor of state).
- これを新幹線の走行音と思う人も多かったが、実際は走行中(主に高速走行時)の警笛音である。
- Many thought that this was the running sound of Shinkansen trains, but actually the warning horn.
- そして「いさなとり」は、捕鯨を意味し主に海、浦、浜、灘などを表す枕詞として使われていた。
- And the word 'isana-tori', mainly meaning whale fishing, was widely used as a set epithet to describe the sea, an inlet, a beach, the open sea and the like.
- 主に東京府会議員や財界人の支援を受け、3月23日に内務省 (日本)から設立許可を受けた。
- It gained the main support from Tokyo Prefecture Assembly and bussinessmen before being approved for establishment by the prewar Ministry of Home Affairs on March 23.
- この晴英を、新たな大内家当主に迎えて家督を継がせると、そして晴英を大内義長と改名させた。
- He adopted this Haruhide as the new family head of the Ouchi family to succeed the family headship and assigned Haruhide the new name Yoshinaga OUCHI.
- 主に3月13日説をとる史料が多いが、14日説をとるもの、日付を明示していないものもある。
- A majority of historians and authors of historical materials have adopted this theory, placing the day of the meeting on March 13th, others adopting the theory of the meeting on March 14th, and some without a date certain.
- その後は高国に属して各地を転戦し、大永7年(1527年)には山城国山崎城主に任じられた。
- After that serving under Takakuni he moved from place to place to fight and was assigned as the lord of Yamazaki-jo Castle in Yamashiro Province in 1527.
- 1858年に斉彬が死去すると、遺言により忠教の実子忠徳が藩主に就任する(後の島津忠義)。
- In 1858, when Nariakira died, according to his last will, Tadatoku, Tadanori's son, assumed the position as the lord of domain.
- 16歳で正式に藩の江戸屋敷に出仕するが、納戸役・使番等など、藩主にごく近い役目であった。
- At 16 years of age he was officially ordered to work at the Edo residence of the Tahara Domain, where the roles he was assigned were those very close to the lord, such as Nando-yaku (being in charge of the lord's personal care) or Tsukaiban (a role similar to that of a liaison).
- 城将塩冶掃部介は妻子を殺害し自害し、これにより経久は城主に返り咲き、京極氏から独立した。
- The castle commander, Kamonnosuke ENYA, finally suicided himself after killing his wife and children, which brought Tsunehisa back to power as the lord of Gassantoda Castle and let him win the independence from the Kyogoku clan.
- 主に兄義久の傍らで、作戦参謀として活躍をしており、島津軍団の方針を左右する立場にあった。
- He was in a key position to determine the policies of Shimazu's army as a general officer responsible for war strategies.
- 弘治元年(1555年)、堺市の薬を主に扱う商人である小西隆佐の次男として京都で生まれた。
- In 1555, he was born in Kyoto as the second son of Ryusa KONISHI who was a merchant dealing mainly with medicines in Sakai City.
- そして家臣団が揉めに揉めた末、佐竹義重 (十八代当主)の子・蘆名義広を蘆名家当主に迎えた。
- After these problems, the vassals received Yoshihiro ASHINA, a son of Yoshishige SATAKE (the eighteenth head of the clan) as the head of the Ashina clan.
- 大名は米を主に税金として集めたが江戸時代は貨幣経済なので何かするときは換金する必要がある。
- Feudal lords collected mainly rice as taxes, but they had monetary economy in Edo period therefore it was necessary to turn rice into cash.
- 主に江戸時代、村落共同体の代表として年貢の重圧による生活の困窮を領主、幕府に直訴した人物。
- Gimin is a person who directly appealed poverty due to heavy pressure of nengu (annual tribute, land tax) to a feudal lord or the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) as a representative for village communities mainly in Edo period.
- 杉久保型-縦型石刃の先端部及び基部への刃潰し加工-主に中部地方北部から東北地方にかけて分布
- Sugikubo type: Vertical stone knife which top-end and base is blunted; distributed mainly from the northern part of Chubu region to Tohoku region
- 同年、藩主に就いた井伊直憲は、文久2年(1862年)直弼の罪を問われ10万石を減封された。
- In the same year, Naonori II became the lord of domain, and in 1862, his yield was reduced by 100,000 koku because he was accused of Naosuke's sins.
- しかし、この時点では江戸の情勢が未だ安定しておらず、主に大坂がその地として意識されていた。
- However, at this point the state of Edo was still not stable, and Osaka was recognized as being one of the main areas of concern.
- 主室が、主に九間の正方形をしていたのは、この世の浄土を目指した阿弥陀堂に起源を持つという。
- The reason why the master guest rooms were mainly square shaped rooms measuring nine ken (one ken is a Japanese unit of measurement equal to just less than two meters) along each side was that their shape was based on that of an Amidado (temple hall containing an enshrined image of Amitabha), which was built in an effort to create heaven on earth.
- 後期倭寇は主に明国沿岸部で活動したが、朝鮮半島沿岸部も活発に襲撃し朝鮮王朝を苦しめている。
- The koki wako pirates were active mainly in the coastal areas of Ming, but they also frequently attacked the coastal areas of the Korean Peninsula and brought many troubles to the Korean Dynasty.
- 1700年(元禄13年)、第16代法主に就いていた叔父・一如が逝去し、第17世法主を継承。
- In 1700, his uncle Ichinyo, who was the 16th Hoshu, died and Shinnyo succeeded as the 17th Hoshu.
- 主に光格天皇(119代)・仁孝天皇(120代)・孝明天皇(121代)の三朝にわたり仕えた。
- He mainly served three successive emperors, Emperor Kokaku (the 119th Emperor), Emperor Ninko (the 120th Emperor), and Emperor Komei (the 121st Emperor).
- 主に霊元天皇(112代)・東山天皇(113代)の二帝に仕え、官位は正二位権大納言まで昇る。
- He mainly served Emperor Reigen (the 112th) and Emperor Higashiyama (the 113th) successively, and his official court rank culminated at Shonii Gon Dainagon (Senior Second Rank, a Provisional Chief Councilor of State).
- あくまで神話の内容ではあるが、本来の伝承として神武東征の出発地について主に二つの説がある。
- There are two main theories on the place of departure of Jinmu tosei as the original tradition, although these relate to the descriptions of the myth.
- 主に京都の富裕な町衆を顧客とし、王朝文化時代の古典を学びつつ、明快で装飾的な作品を残した。
- He had rich clients in Kyoto, and learned the classics of the Dynastic Period leaving behind many lucid and decorative works.
- 兄・忠世およびその子で甥大久保忠隣が相模国小田原城主に任じられると3000石を与えられる。
- As his older brother Tadayo and his son, i.e. Tadataka's nephew Tadachika OKUBO was appointed to the lord of Odawara-jo Castle in Sagami Province, Tadataka was provided with the enfeoffment of 3000 koku.
- その次に位置する主に連(むらじ)の姓(かばね)を持つ氏族には宿禰(すくね)の姓を与えていた。
- The clans with the kabane of Muraji which was the next rank under Omi were given the kabane of Sukune.
- 主に日本で、中世や近世において歴史的な背景や当時の社会情勢から生まれた町の形態の総称である。
- It was a general term for a city form developed in a historical background and social conditions during the Medieval and the Early Modern periods, mainly in Japan.
- 主に境相論などの民事的な訴訟で行われたが、各種犯罪の嫌疑者個人に対して行われた例も存在する。
- Although yugisho was mainly applied to civil suits such as disputes over the boundary between territories, in some cases it was used on a suspect of various crimes.
- 落語等の影響を受けており、主に人間ドラマに焦点を当て、ユーモアとペーソスに溢れたものである。
- His works, influenced by rakugo (traditional comic storytelling), mainly focus on human drama and are full of humor and pathos.
- 主に後村上天皇(97代)・長慶天皇(98代)の代の朝廷に仕え、官位は従二位権大納言まで昇る。
- He mainly served the Imperial Court during the generations of Emperor Gomurakami (the 97th) and Emperor Chokei (the 98th), and was promoted to Junii (Junior Second Rank) Gon Dainagon (provisional chief councilor of state).
- 25年からは主に東宝で活躍し、31年三船敏郎の「宮本武蔵」がアカデミー賞外国語映画賞を受賞。
- Starting in 1950, he began working mainly for Toho; his film 'Miyamoto Musashi,' starring Toshiro Mifune as Musashi, won the 1955 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.
- 主に教育分野で活動しており、文部科学大臣大臣政務官や衆議院文部科学委員会委員長なども務めた。
- Yasuko IKENOBO is active mainly in education areas, and has served as the Parliamentary Secretary for Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and as the Chairperson of the Committee on Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of the House of Representatives.
- 主に鎮護国家に理念に基づいて国家及び天皇・及び皇室の安泰を祈願するための法会などが行われた。
- Kan-ji temples were mainly used to hold Buddhist services to pray for nation and the emperor or for the security of the imperial family based on the idea of spiritual protection of the state.
- 永禄6年(1563年)には上野国厩橋城主に任命され、関東方面の政治や軍事を任されたのである。
- In 1563, he was commissioned as lord of Umayabashijo Castle in Kozuke Province and was entrusted with political and military matters in the Kanto district.
- 信長の死後、秀勝が丹波国一国の国主に封ぜられるや、同国氷上郡小雲にて6000石を与えられた。
- After Nobunaga's death, when Hidekatsu was appointed lord of Tanba Province, Nagakatsu was given 6,000 koku (fief) in the village of Ogumo, Hikami County in Tanaba Province.
- また、概ね加伴衆には小領主がその任に就き、大領主に大きな発言権が行かないよう配慮されていた。
- In addition, consideration was given that the positions of kahanshu were generally occupied by small feudal lords so that feudal overlords had no big voice.
- この派は主に熊野で活動し、総本山は天台宗寺門派(園城寺傘下)の聖護院(京都市左京区)である。
- This sect mainly acted in Kumano and its Sohonzan (the general head temple) is Shogoin Temple (Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City), the Jimon School of the Tendai Sect (under the jurisdiction of Onjo-ji Temple).
- 茂呂(もろ)型-一縦型石刃の側縁と反対側基部への刃潰し加工-主に関東、中部地方南部、東海に分布
- Moro type: Vertical stone knife which edge and the base of the opposite side is blunted; distributed mainly in Kanto region, the southern part of Chubu region and Tokai region
- 国府(こう)型-横型石刃(翼状剥片)の一側縁への刃潰し加工-主に瀬戸内、関西、中国、四国に分布
- Ko type: Horizontal stone knife (wing-shaped flake) which has one blunted edge; distributed mainly in Setouchi, Kansai, Chugoku and Shikoku regions
- 動物性の食料としては陸上のシカ、イノシシ、海からはカツオ、マグロ、サメ、イルカを主に利用した。
- Deer and wild boar from the land as well as skipjacks, tunas, sharks, and dolphins from the sea were the main sources for animal-derived foodstuff.
- その後法住寺座主・青蓮院門跡となり、1314年(正和3年)以後は3度天台座主に任じられている。
- Thereafter, he became the head priest of Hoju-ji Temple, Shoren-in Monzeki (a head priest of temple formerly led by the founder of sect temple in which resided a member of the nobility or imperial family) and was assigned as the head priest of the Buddhist Tendai sect, three times after 1314.
- その後続いた長い戦乱の中、天皇の権威は衰えながらも主に文化・伝統の継承者として存続していった。
- Although the authority of Emperor was weakened after a long period of warfare which occurred following the split of the Imperial Court, the Imperial Court continued to exist mainly as the successor of culture and tradition.
- 皇籍・臣籍とも、主に大日本帝国憲法下において用いられた語であって、現在はほとんど用いられない。
- At present, both Koseki and Shinseki are rarely used as they were the words mainly employed under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan.
- 御恩と奉公(ごおんとほうこう)とは、中世日本において、主に武士の主従関係を構成した要素・概念。
- Goon and hoko indicate factors and concepts that constituted master-servant relationships among samurai during medieval Japan.
- 一生未婚であった孝蔵主には子供がなかったため、特別に甥・川副重次が養子となり200石を嗣いだ。
- Since Kozosu did not marry during her lifetime and had no children, as a special measure her nephew, Shigetsugu KAWAZOE, became her adopted son and inherited the 200 koku.
- 1612年、朱印船貿易の特権を得ることに成功し、主にベトナム北部に船を派遣し、莫大な富を得た。
- In 1612, he successfully obtained the special privilege in the shuinsen boeki, and he acquired a tremendous amount of wealth by sending ships mostly to Northern Vietnam.
- 主に後奈良天皇(105代)・正親町天皇(106代)の二代に仕え、官位は正二位大納言まで昇った。
- He served mainly two emperors, Emperor Gonara (105th) and Emperor Ogimachi (106th), and his highest official rank was Shonii Dainagon (Senior Second Rank, chief councilor of state).
- 主に東山地域の系統では、観光都市・京都という事で観光客重視のダイヤで設定されている系統が多い。
- The operation schedules of many bus routes, particularly in the Higashiyama area, are set mostly for tourists, in consideration of the fact that Kyoto is a city for sightseeing.
- 現在、近畿日本鉄道新田辺駅行きの便が頻発、樟葉駅行きも大きく分けて3路線が主に運行されている。
- Now, buses for Shin-Tanabe Station of Kintetsu Railways make frequent departures from this stop, and three main routes are operated for Kuzuha Station as well.
- さらには吉野へ攻め入って南朝方を賀名生(奈良県五條市)へ撤退させるなど、主に軍事面で活躍した。
- Having played an active part in military affairs, he attacked the Southern Court side in Yoshino and made them retreat to Ano (Gojo City, Nara Prefecture).
- 当時の家宰であった長尾氏の長尾忠政とともに上杉憲定を補佐し、以後5代の当主に仕えることとなる。
- He first assisted Norisada UESUGI together with Tadamasa NAGAO who was a main retainer of that time, and from then on, he served five lords of UESUGI clan.
- 少年期には評判の芳しくなかった北条氏康の代わりとして、北条家当主に擬する動きまであったという。
- There was even a move that he was mentioned as a head of the Hojo family instead of Ujiyasu HOJO who had poor reputations in his boyhood.
- 元春が軍事面を担当したのに対し、隆景は水軍の情報収集力を活かし主に政務・外交面を担当している。
- While Motoharu managed military affairs, Takakage mainly managed government and diplomacy affairs, taking advantage of the information gathering expertise of the Suigun.
- 1人で複数回任命されることも多く、慈円などは3度、尊円法親王などは4度、天台座主に就いている。
- There have been numerous occasions when the same person received the appointment more than once, with, for example, Jien and Cloistered Imperial Prince Sonen assuming the post of Tendai-zasu 3 and 4 times respectively.
- 1203年(建仁3年)に天台座主に就任し、翌1204年(元久元年)には大僧正に任じられている。
- He assumed the position of Tendai zasu (chief priest of the Tendai Sect and Enryaku-ji Temple) in 1203, and was appointed to daisojo (the highest position in the Buddhist priesthood) in 1204.
- まず領主による都市、特に城下町・宿場町などでの商工業振興のための町人誘致の目的が指摘されている。
- Firstly, it is pointed out that the feudal lord planned to attract merchants to the town - especially, to the castle town and to the post station town - for the promotion of commerce and industry.
- 亀甲獣骨文字から金石文、小篆から隷書体、さらに草書体への書体の変化は主に実用性の追究から生じた。
- Mainly out of pursuit of practicability, calligraphic style changed from Kikko jukotsu moji (ancient Chinese characters inscribed on oracle bones and tortoise shells) to Kinsekibun (words written on metal or stones), from Shoten (a style of Chinese characters) to reisho-tai (clerical script) and sosho-tai (cursive style writing).
- 一門諸家の当主について、一部を除いて代々「公」と「実」を交互に名前の一字とするのを例としている。
- There are some exception but it was the family's custom to alternately use the Chinese characters '公' and '実' in the names of the head of the families.
- 江戸では非公認な存在であったが、それ以外の地域では地方領主により公認されたケースも存在している。
- Okappiki were unofficial in Edo, but there are some cases that they were authorized by local feudal lords in other areas.
- 日本の律令法においては、主に大学寮・国学 (律令制の教育機関)の仕組や教官・学生について定める。
- The Japanese Ritsuryo code mainly defined structures of Daigakuryo (Bureau of Education) and kokugaku (provincial schools), and their teachers and students.
- 主に霊元天皇(112代)・東山天皇(113代)の二代にわたり仕え、官位は従三位権中納言まで昇る。
- He served mainly two generations of the Emperor Reigen (the 112th) and Emperor Higashiyama (the 113th) and promoted up to Jusanmi Gon Chunagon (Junior Third Rank, provisional vice-councilor of state).
- 主に中御門天皇(114代)・桜町天皇(115代)・桃園天皇(116代)の三帝にわたり仕えた廷臣。
- He was a retainer of the Imperial Court who mainly served three emperors: Emperor Nakamikado (114th), Emperor Sakuramachi (115th), and Emperor Momozono (116th).
- 主に伏見天皇(92代)から花園天皇(95代)までの四帝にわたり仕え、官位は従一位右大臣まで昇る。
- He worked mainly for four emperors from Emperor Fushimi (the 92nd generation) to Emperor Hanazono (the 95th generation), and rose up to Juichii Udaijin (Junior First Rank, Minister of the Right) in official court rank.
- 主に霊元天皇(112代)・東山天皇(113代)の二帝にわたり仕え、官位は正二位内大臣まで昇った。
- He served two Emperors, the Emperor Reigen (the 112th) and the Emperor Higashiyama (the 113th) and finally, he rose to Shonii Naidaijin (Senior Second Rank, the minister of the center).
- 無人改札口(東)は主に住宅地で、全国的にも珍しい市営の自動車教習所がある(平成19年3月閉校)。
- The (east) side on which unmanned ticket gates are installed is also mainly a residential area, and a somewhat uncommon municipal drivers' school, even from a national viewpoint (closed March 2007), is located nearby.
- 主に大阪駅発着福知山線経由で兵庫県北部・京都府北部発着の列車名として「丹波」の名称が充てられる。
- Instead, along with the existing Express 'Tanba,' that name was given to the other major trains running in the section between Osaka Station and some stations in northern Hyogo Prefecture (or in the northern area of Kyoto Prefecture) by way of the Fukuchiyama Line.
- 社寺は平安時代頃から使われた形跡があるが、主に神社優先の考えに基づいた明治期以降に多く使われた。
- There is evidence that the term jisha was in use since the Heian period, but became widely used since the Meiji era based on a preference for shrines.
- 為朝の生涯については軍記物語の『保元物語』に拠るところが多く、本項目も主にこれに従って記述する。
- Present-day knowledge of Tametomo's life largely depends on a war chronicle called the 'Hogen Monogatari' (The Tale of the Hogen War), and as such, the following section is mostly based on its account.
- 戦後は榎本助命を強く要求して、厳罰を求める者と長い間対立し、彼のために丸坊主になったこともある。
- After the war, Kuroda firmly demanded to save Enomoto's life, even by shaving his head to show his sincerity, and had a conflict for long time with those who demanded a severe punishment for Enomoto.
- 主に宗教的意味を伴わない文脈で、「ひと任せ」「他人依存」「成り行き任せ」などの意味で使用される。
- The second group of meanings of Tariki Hongan is mainly used in the context without a religious background, and indicates 'relying on others' or 'letting things take their course.'
- 元々は兵器の製造・管理を主に管掌していたが、しだいに大伴氏とならぶ有力軍事氏族へと成長していった。
- Originally, the clan administered the manufacturing and maintenance of weapons and gradually became a powerful military clan alongside the Otomo clan.
- 宿場(しゅくば)とは、主に江戸時代、五街道や脇往還において駅逓司を取扱うため設定された町場をいう。
- Shukuba refers to urban areas that were established mainly during the Edo period along the Go-kaido Road (Edo Five Routes) and Wakiokan (secondary route that connected the Five Routes) to look after officers who transported luggage from one post station to another.
- この戦いで真田昌幸は主に上田城に籠もり戦ったことから、上田城の戦い、上田城攻防戦などとも呼ばれる。
- In this battle, Masayuki SANADA was mainly secluded in Ueda-jo Castle to fight, so it is also called the Battle of Ueda-jo Castle or the Siege of Ueda-jo Castle.
- 旧居留地(きゅうきょりゅうち)とは、主に安政五カ国条約によってできた外国人の治外法権の区画をさす。
- The Former Foreign Settlement is the section of exterritoriality for foreigners built mainly based on the Ansei Five-Power Treaties.
- また京都バスの路線が通過しており、峠には「花脊峠」というバス停があって、登山客が主に利用している。
- Kyoto Bus runs through the pass where bus stop called 'Hanase-toge' is located and is used by mainly climbers.
- 称制(しょうせい)とは先帝崩御後、新帝(主に皇太子または皇后)が即位の式を挙げずに政務を執ること。
- Shosei means new emperor (mainly Crown Prince or Empress) starts to rule the government without having an enthronement ceremony after the former emperor died.
- 日本では、鎌倉時代後期ごろから貨幣の流通が活発化したが、主に中国で鋳造された中国銭が流通していた。
- In Japan money circulation had become active around the late Kamakura period, and Chinese coins minted and used in China were predominantly circulated.
- 座(ざ)は、平安時代から戦国時代 (日本)まで存在した主に商工業者や芸能者による同業者組合のこと。
- The za, established mainly by merchants, manufacturers and entertainers, refers to the guilds that existed from the Heian period to the Sengoku period (period of warring states).
- 主に後堀河天皇(86代)から亀山天皇(90代)の五朝にわたって仕え、官位は正三位内大臣まで昇った。
- He worked for the five Imperial Courts from Emperor Gohorikawa (the eighty-sixth) to Emperor Kameyama (the ninetieth), and ended up promoting to Shosanmi Naidaijin (Senior Third Rank, Minister of the Interior) in official court ranks.
- 主に東山天皇(113代)・中御門天皇(114代)の二帝にわたり仕え、官位は正二位内大臣まで昇った。
- He mainly served Emperor Higashiyama (the 113th) and Emperor Nakamikado (the 114th) in a row, and he was promoted to Naidaijin (Minister of the Center) of Shonii (Senior Second Rank).
- たとえば、彼から送られた書状の多くは案主(写経所の事務官)である、上馬養と下道主に宛てられている。
- For example, most of his letters were sent to Anju (administrative official of the Sutra copying office), Kaminoumakai and Shimonomichinushi.
- 主に光格天皇(119代)と仁孝天皇(120代)の二帝にわたり仕え、官位は正二位権中納言まで昇った。
- He served two emperors: Emperor Kokaku (119th) and Emperor Ninko (120th), and was promoted to the official rank of Shonii Gon Chunagon (senior-second-ranked provisional vice-councilor of state).
- 主に桜町天皇(115代)と桃園天皇(116代)の二朝にわたり仕え、官位は正三位権中納言まで昇った。
- He mainly served two Emperors, the Emperor Sakuramachi (the 115th) and the Emperor Momozono (the 116th) and rose to the official rank of Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank), Gon Chunagon (a provisional vice-councilor of state).
- 主に東山天皇(113代)・中御門天皇(114代)の二帝にわたり仕え、官位は従二位権大納言まで昇る。
- He served two Emperors, the Emperor Higashiyama (the 113th) and the Emperor Nakamikado (the 114th), and he rose to the official rank of Junii (Junior Second Rank) Gon Dainagon (a provisional chief councilor of state).
- 主に西洋内科の医学書を翻訳し、内科の発展に寄与しながら私塾・蘭馨堂を開いて後進の指導にもあたった。
- He taught younger people in his private school, Rankeido while he contributed to the development of internal medicine, mainly translating the medical books of the Western internal medicine.
- 鉄道事業法と軌道法の2種類があるのは、軌道法が主に道路に敷設される鉄道を対象としているからである。
- The reason why there are two acts, the Railway Business Act and the Act on Rail Tracks, is that the Act on Rail Tracks mainly covers railways set up on roads.
- 主に後小松天皇(100代)・称光天皇(101代)の二帝にわたり仕え、官位は正二位大納言まで進んだ。
- He mainly served two emperors, Emperor Gokomatsu (the 100th) and Emperor Shoko (the 101st), and advanced up to Dainagon (chief councilor of state) at the rank of Shonii (Senior Second Rank).
- 物理的、もしくは想像上の視覚的な美を主に表現し、個人のもつべき精神美は作中ではほとんど登場しない。
- The author predominately describes physical or imaginary visible beauty, while the spiritual beauty that an individual should have hardly appears in the story.
- もともと天台座主であった義教は還俗後すぐに弟の義承を天台座主に任じ、比叡山勢力の取り込みを図った。
- In order to control the power of Hieizan Enryaku-ji Temple, Yoshinori, who had been the head priest of the Tendai sect, appointed his own younger brother, Gisho, to the same position immediately after returning to secular life.
- 古代律令制における交通制度は駅伝制と総称されるが、主に駅制、伝馬制、伝制の3システムに分けられる。
- Transportation systems under the ancient ritsuryo system were generally known as ekiden-sei and classified mainly into three systems: Eki-sei, Tenma-sei and Den-sei.
- ここでは主に江戸幕府が管理した佐渡金山にて、坑道の排水を排出する仕事に従事した人足について述べる。
- The remainder of this article will focus mainly on the laborers engaged in tunnel-based drainage efforts at the Sado gold mine, which was run directly by the Edo bakufu.
- この長重はその後、元和 (日本)8年(1622年)に笠間藩主に転じ、寛永9年(1632年)に死去。
- Nagashige became the lord of Kasama Domain in 1622 and died in 1632.
- 2年後の天平神護2年(766年)11月10日に、島主に罪がないことが認められ、従五位下が贈られた。
- Two years later, on the twentieth day of the twelfth month of 766, the court admitted that Shimanushi had not been guilty of any crime, and posthumously promoted him to Jugoinoge.
- 天正6年(1578年)伊東氏の高鍋城城主・落合兼朝が島津家に寝返ると、忠智は財部城主に任命される。
- In 1578, when Kanetomo OCHIAI, the lord of Takanabe-jo Castle on the side of the Ito clan shifted sides to the Shimazu family, Tadatomo was appointed the lord of Takarabe-jo Castle.
- 律令制下で、主に諸国で軍団が敷かれていた時期に、宮中の護衛のために諸国の軍団から交代で上洛した兵士。
- Under the ritsuryo system eishi were soldiers who came up to Kyoto in rotation from gundan (army corps) in various districts as guards of the Imperial Court mainly during the period when gundan were formed in various districts.
- 丹波の黒大豆といえば主に篠山市で採れるものをさすが、福知山も丹波の良質の黒大豆生産地で知られている。
- The Tanba black soybean mainly refers to a soybean harvested in Sasayama City, but, Fukuchiyama is also known as a place where quality Tanba black soybean is produced.
- 京都平野(みやこへいや)とは、主に福岡県行橋市の中心部から京都郡東部・築上郡北部に広がる平野を指す。
- Miyako Plain refers to a plain that spreads from the center of Yukuhashi City, Fukuoka Prefecture to the eastern part of Miyako County and the northern part of Chikujo County.
- その後、梶井門跡(三千院)を継承し、康永3年/興国5年(1344年)以降天台座主に3度就任している。
- Afterward, he succeeded Kaji Monzeki (the head priest of Sanzen-in Temple), and took the post as the head priest of the Buddhist Tendai sect, three times after 1344.
- 続いて1330年(元徳2年)には天台座主に任じられるも、元弘の変により捕らえられ讃岐国に流罪となる。
- Subsequently he was appointed as the head priest of the Tendai sect of Buddhism in 1330, however he was caught at the Genko Disturbance and banished to Sanuki Province.
- 正盛は主に、北面武士・検非違使・追討使といった国家権力の爪牙として活躍するが、各地の受領も歴任した。
- Masamori was mainly active as part of the military arm of the nation, such as Hokumen no bushi, Kebiishi (statutory office in the Heian and Kamakura periods), and Tsuitoshi, but also held positions as an officer at various provinces.
- 日本史においては主に平安時代後期から安土桃山時代、江戸時代初期までの頭立った武人に対して使用される。
- In Japanese history, it is mostly used for an outstanding warrior from the late Heian period to the Azuchi-Momoyama period and the early days of the Edo period.
- その一方で農村部では各地に存在した荘園は戦国大名や国人領主による押領の対象となり、荘園制は解体する。
- On the other hand, in agricultural community areas, shoen (manor in medieval Japan) existed in various districts became objects of seizure by sengoku daimyo and kokujin ryoshu and the shoen system was broken down.
- 1925年(大正14年)9月、財政問題の責を負って退任した、父・彰如の後を受けて第24代法主に就任。
- In September of 1925, he assumed his position as the 24th Hoshu as a successor to his father, Shonyo, who stepped down in order to take responsibility for financial problems.
- 淀川の改修や三国港の改修などに関わり、エッセルは主に設計を、デ・レーケは施工や監理を中心に担当した。
- They were involved in improvement work for the Yodo-gawa river and Mikuni Port, Escher in design and de Rijke in construction and supervision.
- 主に後陽成天皇(107代)から後光明天皇(110代)にわたる四朝に仕え、官位は正二位右大臣まで昇る。
- He mainly served four Emperors from the Emperor Goyozei (the 107th) to the Emperor Gokomyo (the 110th) and he rose to Shonii Udaijin (Senior Second Rank, the minister of the right).
- 篠山口~福知山間では主に昼間は113系が2両でワンマン運転を行っていて、毎時1本程度運行されている。
- Mainly in the daytime, a two-car local train of Series 113 runs approximately every hour without a conductor on board in the section between Sasayamaguchi and Fukuchiyama.
- もっとも、島左近が石田三成に仕えたのは、三成が佐和山19万石の城主になってからという説も有力である。
- There is a reliable theory which states that Sakon SHIMA served Mitsunari ISHIDA after he had become lord of Sawayama, a 190,000 koku fief.
- 主に後土御門天皇(103代)・後柏原天皇(104代)の二帝にわたり仕え、官位は従一位左大臣まで進む。
- He mainly served two emperors, Emperor Gotsuchimikado (the 103rd) and Emperor Gokashiwabara (the 104th), and advanced to Sadaijin (minister of the left) at the rank of Juichii (Junior First Rank).
- 主に光格天皇(119代)・仁孝天皇(120代)の二帝にわたって仕え、官位は従一位内大臣に叙せられた。
- He served the two emperors, Emperor Kokaku (the 119th) and Emperor Ninko (the 120th), and was appointed to Naidaijin (minister of the Interior) at the rank of Juichii (Junior First Rank).
- 主に後小松天皇(100代)・称光天皇(101代)の二帝にわたって仕え、官位は正二位権大納言まで昇る。
- He mainly served two emperors, Emperor Gokomatsu (the 100th) and Emperor Shoko (the 101st), and advanced to Gon Dainagon (provisional chief councilor of state) at the rank of Shonii (Senior Second Rank).
- 公共の場所、特に人の集まりやすい辻や河原などに立て札を立て、主に世相を風刺した狂歌を匿名で公開する。
- In public places, especially intersections and riversides where people easily gathered, notices would be put up, publishing anonymously written kyoka (lit. mad poems) that generally satirized current events.
- 一番上の真人(まひと)は、主に皇族に与えられたため、皇族以外の臣下の中では事実上一番上の地位にあたる。
- Asomi was effectively the highest title amid vassals other than the Imperial Family because Mahito, which was the highest rank, was reserved exclusively for certain imperial clans.
- この項では明治時代の地方官であった村岡素一郎が唱えた桶狭間の合戦直後に入れ替わったという説を主に扱う。
- This article will discuss the theory presented by Soichiro MURAOKA, a local official in the Meiji Period, that an imposter took the place of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA immediately after the Battle of Okehazama.
- まさに歴史の皮肉としか言えないが、幕府が容堂を藩主にまで押し上げた事実を考えれば、当然の事でもあった。
- This was truly an irony of history, but it was also very logical, considering the fact that Bakufu had placed Yodo in a position as daimyo.
- (乳母には)梶原景時の妻の他、比企尼の三女(平賀義信室)、能員の妻など、主に比企氏の一族から選ばれた。
- Yoriie's menoto were mainly selected from the Hiki clan, such as the wife of Kagetoki KAJIWARA, the third daughter of Hikinoama (the wife of Yoshinobu HIRAGA) and Yoshikazu's wife.
- また、1950年には、その新藤兼人と映画制作会社「近代映画協会」を設立し、作品は主に大映で配給された。
- In 1950, he established the 'Kindai Eiga Kyokai' (Modern Film Association) production company together with Kaneto SHINDO, and its films were mainly distributed by the Daiei Motion Picture Company.
- 主に後陽成天皇(107代)・後水尾天皇(108代)の二帝にわたって朝廷に仕え、従三位中納言まで昇った。
- He mainly worked at the Imperial court for Emperor Goyosei (107th) and Emperor Gomizunoo (108th) and moved up to Jusanmi Chunagon (Junior Third Rank, vice-councilor of state).
- よって、肥後国天草藩主に欠員が出た折は、幕閣の間にて天草に置くべき人は忠昌を越える者なしと決せられた。
- When the position for the lord of Amakusa Domain of the Higo Province became vaccant, the cabinet officials of the Shogunate concluded that no other person was more qualified than Tadamasa for the lord of Amakusa.
- この諸国から貢上された馬牛を放し飼いにする為に設けられたのが近都牧で、主に九州・近畿周辺に設置された。
- In order to let those horses and cows sent from various districts run loose, kintomaki was established mainly in Kyushu and around the Kinki region.
- これを契機として1904年、三島子爵家は別荘を献上して「塩原御用邸」となり、主に避暑のため愛用された。
- Taking this opportunity, Viscount Mishima presented the villa to the Imperial Family in 1904 and it came to be called 'Shiobara Goyotei' and used mainly for summer exodus of the Imperial Family.
- この時長浜城 (近江国)主になったとの史料もあるが、その後も秀吉が長浜城を使っているという指摘もある。
- Hidemasa was awarded Nagahama-jo Castle (in Omi Province) according to some historical sources, but there is different opinion because Hideyoshi continued to use Nagahama-jo Castle later.
- 三人の息子たちも中級官人として東国の受領などを務めたとされ、その子孫は武家として主に信濃国に土着した。
- His three sons also worked as a middle rank of government official, such as Zuryo (provincial governor) in Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly Kanto region), and their descendants settled themselves mainly in Shinano Province as a samurai family.
- まず、雑役免系荘園として国司から認められ、官物は国衙に納めるが、公事・雑役は荘園領主に納めたものである。
- The first type was land certified by kokushi (Provincial Governor) as Zoyakumen kei shoen (shoen originated from Zoyakumen) and whose lords paid kanmotsu (tribute goods paid as tax) to kokuga (provincial government offices) while securing kuji (public duties)/zatsueki (odd job tasks) for themselves.
- ポルトガル人イエズス会宣教師であるルイス・フロイスは著書『日本史』に、天主に関して次のように記している。
- Portuguese Jesuit missionary Luis FROIS described the castle tower in his book 'Nihonshi' as follows.
- 義昭は反織田勢力に呼びかけ、自身を盟主に織田家に反発する近畿地方の諸勢力を団結させ、包囲網が結成された。
- Yoshiaki formed anti-Nobunaga network; he called for anti-Nobunaga powers and united them in Kinki region under his leadership.
- しかし、横浜居留地の外国商社は、横浜を動かず、主にキリスト教宣教師の教会堂やミッションスクールが入った。
- However, the foreign firms in the Yokohama settlement did not relocate from Yokohama, and so it was mainly churches and mission schools of Christian missionaries that came to the Tsukiji settlement.
- またそれ以降の当主についても早世したもの以外は全員が大納言となる(それまでの園家は中納言が極官だった)。
- All family heads other than those that passed away young were appointed to Dainagon (Before that, kyokkan for the Sono family was Chunagon).
- 隆景は兄の吉川元春とともに毛利家を支えて「両川」と呼ばれ(毛利両川体制)、主に山陽地方の経略を担当した。
- Takakage supported the Mori family with his brother Motoharu KIKKAWA and he was called 'Ryosen' (Mori-Ryosen system) and was in charge of the conquest of mainly the Sanyo region.
- 勅旨田は、国衙の管理する正税を開発原資とし、主に空閑地・荒田などに設定され、国司が勅旨田経営を所管した。
- Chokushiden which was mainly established on vacant land or moorland was funded by shozei (the rice tax stored in provincial offices' warehouse) managed by the provincial governor's office, and the management of Chokushiden was under jurisdiction of the provincial governor.
- 家臣などが当主を暗殺して、自分の都合の良い当主に挿げ替えるなどの不法が行われる事態を危惧したものである。
- It was feared that retainers might assassinate the family head and replace him with someone convenient to their needs.
- 主に戦国時代 (日本)の合戦で用いられた言葉であるが、現代社会においても最初に手柄をあげた人の事を指す。
- Although it was primarily used in reference to battles during the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (Japan), in modern society it refers to the first person to distinguish themselves.
- 主に東山天皇(113代)・中御門天皇(114代)の二代にわたり朝廷に仕え、官位は正三位宮内卿まで昇った。
- He attended the Imperial Court to serve mainly two consecutive emperors, Emperor Higashiyama (113th) and Emperor Nakamikado (114th), and moved up in official rank to Shosanmi Kunaikyo (Senior Third Rank, Minister of the Sovereign's Household).
- 主に桃園天皇(116代)から光格天皇(119代)にわたって朝廷に仕え、官位は従一位右大臣まで昇っている。
- He mostly served the Imperial Court, from the reign of Emperor Momozono (the 116th) to that of Emperor Kokaku (the 119th), and was promoted to Juichii Udaijin (Junior First Rank, minister of the right).
- 早急に整備を進めるために主に鉄道網を構築することが優先されたため、道路についてはあまり整備されなかった。
- To promptly improve the transportation systems in Japan, the government placed priority mainly on the improvement of the railway network and thus did not focus on road maintenance and construction so much.
- 昭和33年(1958年)の国宝指定時の名称は「大師堂」であるが、寺では主に「御影堂」の名称を用いている。
- It was called 'Daishido' in 1958 when it was designated as a National Treasure, but inside the temple they mainly say 'Mieido.'
- ただし、今井や渡辺の口述に食い違う部分があるため、主に作家を中心に色々な異説が唱えられている状況である。
- However, since there are some discrepancies in oral testimonies between IMAI and WATANABE, authors mainly propose various theories.
- 905年(延喜5年)醍醐寺の聖宝から灌頂を受け、念覚院を開き、925年(延長3年)醍醐寺座主に就任した。
- In 905, he was authorized by Priest Shobo of Daigo-ji Temple to establish a new Buddhist temple, Nenkakuin, through a Kanjo ceremony (succession ceremony for Buddhist priests) and was appointed as the head of Daigo-ji Temple in 925.
- 神火(じんか/しんか)とは、8世紀後半から10世紀にかけて、主に東国の官衙を中心に頻発した不審火のこと。
- Jinka refers to suspicious fires which often happened from the late 8th century to 10th century, mainly centering on kanga (government office) in Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly Kanto region).
- 17世紀中期頃と推定されている『東海道絵巻物』(作者不明)は、東海道の各宿場町の景観を主に描写している。
- Among them is 'Tokaido Emakimono' (Picture Scroll of Tokaido [author unknown]), thought to be written in the middle of the 17th century; it mainly deals with the scenes of the post towns.
- 国臣の尚古主義は止まず、安政4年(1857年)には藩主に犬追物の復活を直訴し、無礼として幽閉されている。
- Kuniomi's interest in Shoko-shugi never stopped, and in 1857, he made a direct appeal to the lord of the domain about the revival of inuoumono (a dog-hunting event), leading him to be confined due to his rude manners.
- 大隈重信は政治家と教育者という2つの顔を持っていたため、主に大礼服姿のものとガウン姿のものに分けられる。
- Shigenobu OKUMA had two faces, one as a statesman and one as an educator, and his statues are divided into those with full-dress uniform and those in academic gowns.
- 義家の名声を恐れた白河天皇や、摂関家の陰謀によって、河内源氏は凋落していったとされるのは主に戦後である。
- The idea that the decline of the Kawachi-Genji was due to Emperor Shirakawa's fear of Yoshiie's popularity and the conspiracy of the Sekkan-ke formed after the World War II.
- 989年(永祚 (日本)元年)延暦寺座主に就任しているが、これも山門派の反対にあい3ヶ月で辞任している。
- He was inaugurated as the chief priest of Enryaku-ji Temple in 989, but due to the objections of the Sanmon school, he again resigned three months after his inauguration.
- 丁銀(ちょうぎん)とは、日本国内において主に商取引用として室町時代後期から明治維新まで流通した銀貨である。
- Chogin is the name of the silver coins which were in circulation, mainly for business transaction, from the late Muromachi period to the Meiji Restoration in Japan.
- 鎖鎌は主に農民の武器で、戦場に駆り出された農民が武器として鎌を使ったことから発展したとされるが詳細は不明。
- It is believed that kusarigama was mainly used as a weapon by farmers who were forced to fight in a battlefield, and eventually developed into a martial art form, but the details remain unknown.
- 足尾鉱毒事件に関しては、主に被害者側の視点での記述が多いが、中立性を確保するため、古河側の主張も併記する。
- Regarding Ashio Mining Pollution, many articles have been written from the view of the victims, however, in order to gain impartiality, arguments that Furukawa made should be introduced.
- 紀北の地侍たちは高野山や根来寺に坊院を建立し、子弟を出家させてその坊院の門主に送り込む行為を盛んに行った。
- Jizamurai (local samurai) in Kihoku (northern part of Wakayama Prefecture) had priest's houses built in the Koyasan Temple and the Negoro-ji Temple and actively made their children become priests and sent them to those chief priests.
- 白河別業(しらかわべつぎょう)は、9世紀から11世紀頃まで代々の藤原氏摂関家当主により使用されていた別業。
- Shirakawa betsugyo was a villa used by the head of the Regents' House of the Fujiwara clan for generations from the ninth century to about the eleventh century.
- 近年、主に若年層の間で人気を集めているのがラフティング(コマーシャルラフティング)による保津川下りである。
- Currently, trips down the Hozu-gawa River by raft (Commercial Rafting) are becoming popular, mainly among the younger generations.
- 中でも、秋篠宮文仁親王がフォルクスワーゲン・タイプ1を所有し、主に軽井沢で運転しているのは有名な話である。
- In particular, a well known story is that Akishinonomiya Imperial Prince Fumihito has a Volkswagen Type 1 and drives it mainly in Karuizawa.
- 最後の藩主である第12代藩主・大村純熈が藩主に就任した時代は幕末であり、藩論は佐幕と勤王に大きく分かれた。
- Sumihiro OMURA became the 12th and last lord in the final days of the Tokugawa shogunate when opinion in the domain was largely divided between support for the Bakufu and support for the pro-imperialists.
- その惣領制、分割相続制が、嫡男による単独相続に変化するのは主に鎌倉時代末期から南北朝時代 (日本)である。
- That soryo system and divided succession system transformed into a single inheritance by a legitimate son mainly from the end of the Kamakura period to period of Southern and Northern Courts (Japan).
- 主に正親町天皇(106代)・後陽成天皇(107代)の二代にわたり朝廷に仕え、官位は正二位大納言まで昇った。
- He served the Imperial Court in mainly two generations of Emperor Ogimachi (the 106th) and Emperor Goyozei (the 107th) and promoted up to Shonii Dainagon (Senior Second Rank, chief councilor of state).
- 安政7年(1860年)直弼が桜田門外の変で暗殺された後も藩主に就任した井伊直憲に引き続き側役として仕えた。
- Even after Naosuke was assassinated in the Sakuradamongai Incident in 1860, he continued serving as a Sobayaku (Secretary) of Naonori II who assumed the post of the lord of domain.
- 容堂は自身を藩主にまで押し上げてくれた幕府を擁護し続けたが、倒幕へと傾いた時代を止めることは出来なかった。
- Yodo himself kept supporting the bakufu which made him the lord of the domain, but could not stop the movement that took place during this era which was bent on overthrowing the Shogunate.
- 永禄11年(1568年)の信長入京以降、主に畿内の政務を担当し、蘭奢待下賜の際の御奉行(監督役)を務めた。
- Since Nobunaga's entering the capital in 1568, Naomasa became mainly in charge of government affairs in the Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara), and served as obugyo (shogunate administrator)(supervisory role) at the time of granting of nanjatai (granting of a fragrant wood which is said to have the best aroma).
- しかし同年のうちに父・光貞、やがて頼職までが半年のうちに病死したため、22歳で紀州藩第5代藩主に就任する。
- However, because his father Mitsusada died in the same year followed by the death of Yorimoto half a year later, he succeeded the position of the fifth lord of the Kishu Domain at the age of 22.
- 政宗は関ヶ原以降、開拓地を知行として与える方式を取りら各領主に開墾を奨励、仙台平野の新田開発を推し進めた。
- After the Sekigahara War, Masamune encouraged each proprietor of a domain for reclamation works by introducing a system to award the reclaimed land as a domain of the developer; this system promoted the development of new rice fields in the Sendai Plain.
- その他、職業も記載様式に含まれており、華族、士族では主に禄高を、平民では農工商雑と記され、業種も記載された。
- Besides, trades were also included in the registration form, Rokudaka (stipends) were mainly described for the peerage and the warrior class and commoners were described as farmers, craftsmen, merchants or others, including their job types.
- 本来こうした荘園の取り分である雑役が国衙が官物とともに一括徴収していたが、負所では荘園領主に直接納入された。
- Zatsueki gained from such Shoen was originally collected by Kokuga together with Kanmotsu, but in the case of Ossho, it was directly delivered to the lords of Shoen.
- なお、菅家廊下という呼称は主に道真没後に菅原氏に学んだ人々やそれ以外の文人たちの間で用いられている例が多い。
- The name Kanke Roka was mostly used among those who studied from the Sugawara clan as well as other men of letters mainly after Michizane died.
- 中世後期から近代にかけて、主に本州から琉球(現在の沖縄県)や蝦夷地(現在の北海道)へ移住した者の子孫も含む。
- This includes the descendants of those who migrated from Honshu to Ryukyu (now Okinawa Prefecture) and Ezochi (inhabited area of Ainu, now Hokkaido) between the late medieval period and the modern age.
- 主に旧石器時代から縄文時代にかけて使われており、弥生時代に入って金属器が使われるようになると次第に減少した。
- It was mainly used from the Paleolithic era to the Jomon period, but as metal tools came into use in the Yayoi period, the number of the stone tools decreased.
- これを降嫁といい、皇女を妻に貰い受けることは男性にとっては非常に名誉な事とされ、主に平安中期に多く行われた。
- This is koka, and it was extremely honorable for a man to take a Princess to his wife and there were many cases of koka in the middle of the Heian period.
- 七殿五舎(しちでんごしゃ)とは、平安京内裏の紫宸殿や仁寿殿の後方に位置し、主に天皇の后妃の住まう殿舎を指す。
- Shichidengosha refers to the palace buildings located behind Shishinden (The Throne Hall) and Jijuden (literally, hall of benevolence and longevity) in the dairi (inner palace grounds) of the Heian Palace, which were mainly used as the residence of the empresses of the emperors.
- 仙台藩に身を寄せ、奥羽越列藩同盟の盟主に擁立された(一説には俗名(諱)を「陸運(むつとき)」としたという)。
- He took refuge in the Sendai Domain and he was put up as the leader of Ouetsu-reppan alliance (One theory has it that he used 'Mutsutoki' as his secular name (imina)).
- 酒そのものは、主に摂泉十二郷出身の酒屋が自前の蔵で醸造し、下り酒として江戸へ船で輸送し、江戸で売りさばいた。
- Sake itself was manufactured by sakaya mostly from Sessen-juni-go (the 12 districts in the Settsu Province and Izumi Province) in their own sake-factories, was transported to Edo as kudari-zake (sake transported from the Kyoto/Osaka area), and was sold in Edo.
- 見廻組は主に御所、二条城周辺といった官庁街を管轄とし、新撰組は祇園や三条といった町人町、歓楽街を管轄とした。
- Mimawarigumi mainly covered the government office district including the imperial palace and the area around the Nijo-jo Castle, while Shinsengumi covered towns for merchant class and amusement centers such as Gion and Sanjo.
- さて、そんな会所というものがどこにあったか、というと、主に、皇族、公家や武家屋敷内、有力寺院の境内であった。
- So where were these Kaisho located? Well they were located mainly within the grounds of imperial families, kuge (court nobles), samurai residences, and big temple compounds.
- 主に時代劇が多いが、著名なものとしては『名奉行 遠山の金さん』の一部、『暴れん坊将軍』シリーズの一部がある。
- It was mostly historical drama, but one of the most noted one was 'Abarenbo Shogun' (Wild Shogun) in 'Meibugyo Toyama no Kinsan' (Famous Bugyo (Magistrate) Mr. Kin (Gold) of Toyama Mountain).
- 実際、「一国一城の主になる」という表現が多用されており、とにかく少しでも出世をしようとしていたことが解かる。
- In fact, he used to use the expression, 'will become the head of a country and castle,' and even tried to promote himself a little.
- 主にこの時期の忠実の談話を仲行が筆録した『富家語』は、有職故実などを現代に伝える史料の一つとして貴重である。
- 'Fukego,' a collection of the sayings of FUJIWARA no Tadamitsu, a record of discourse of Tadazane mainly during this period, is important as historical material about Yusoku kojitsu (court and samurai rules of ceremony and etiquette) still practiced to this day.
- 主に明正天皇(109代)から東山天皇(113代)までの五帝にわたり仕えた廷臣で官位は従一位准大臣まで昇った。
- He was a retainer of the Imperial Court who served five emperors from Empress Meisho (109th) to Emperor Higashiyama (113th), and was promoted to the rank of Juichii Jun-daijin (Junior First Rank, Vice Minister).
- 2000年の『増補 吾妻鏡の方法』において五味文彦はどのようにアプローチしたのかというと主に次の2点である。
- Fumihiko GOMI examined the work in 'Enlarged Edition of the Method of Azuma Kagami' in 2000 on the following two points.
- 明和元年(1764年)、混沌詩社が創立され北海はその盟主に推されるが、たちまち大坂で最も盛んな詩社となった。
- Konton-shisha was established in 1764, and Hokkai was recommended as the leader, and it quickly became the most active poetry club in Osaka.
- 中国語訳のうち日本の浄土教諸宗において主に用いられるのは、康僧鎧が訳したとされる『仏説無量寿経』2巻である。
- Of the Chinese translations, the Jodo sect group mainly uses 'Bussetsu Muryojukyo, Vol. 2,' which is said to have been translated by Sogi Kosogai.
- 前方後円墳の分布は4世紀後葉前まで、主に畿内~瀬戸内海沿岸(吉備国など)~北九州(筑紫国など)に集中していた。
- Before the latter half of the fourth century, keyhole-shaped mounds were mainly seen in the Kinai, Seto Inland Sea (such as Kibi County) and northern Kyushu (such as Chikushi County) regions.
- 後には検非違使及び国衙による警察権行使の排除とそれに伴う荘園領主による警察権行使の権限も含まれるようになった。
- Later, it included the right to decline the wielding of policing rights by the kebiishi (officials with judicial and police powers) and Kokuga, and the right to police by the shoen holder.
- 内藤信成・信正が城主になるが1615年(元和 (日本)元年)に廃城になり資材の大半は彦根城の築城に流用された。
- Then Nobunari NAITO followed by Nobumasa NAITO became the lords of the castle, but it was torn down in 1615 and most of the material was used for building the Hikone-jo Castle.
- 1860年代から、史料には「教案」の文字が見られはじめ、1890年代になると主に長江流域で多発するようになる。
- The historical documents began to mention the word 'Kyoan' from the 1860's and incidents occurred frequently along the Yangtze River in the 1890's.
- 外国公使などが赴任した場合、君主に挨拶することが国際上慣例となっていたが、当初天皇や公家たちは及び腰であった。
- At that time, when foreign administration officials such as a minister came to a country, it was a custom that the minister greet monarch of that country, but in Japan the Emperor and Court nobles hesitated this at first.
- 知藩事は従来の藩主に認められていた世襲がそのまま認められ、独自の軍隊・司法組織などを持つことが認められていた。
- The position of the Chihanji was allowed to be inherited as it was traditionally for the domain lords and they were also allowed to have their own military and judicial systems.
- 主に京阪宇治バス・京阪シティバスの、京阪淀駅から久御山町役場・近鉄大久保経由、京阪宇治駅 (京阪)ゆきが多い。
- Bus services are mainly operated by Keihan Uji Bus Co., Ltd. and Keihan City Bus from Keihan Yodo Station to Keihan Uji Station (Keihan) via Kumiyama-cho town office and Kintetsu Okubo.
- 宇治平等院に引退した際に所有権は摂関家歴代当主に継承させるものの、邸宅自体は歴代天皇の里内裏として提供された。
- When he retired to Uji Byodo-in Temple, although the ownership was transferred to the heads of the line of regents and advisers, the residence was provided as a satodairi for the line of emperors.
- 信成の子牧野親成が段々に加増され、寛文8年(1660年)に封地を移されて丹後田辺藩3万5千万石の藩主になった。
- The koku was gradually increased during the generation of the son of Nobushige, Chikashige MAKINO, and in 1660 he was transferred to become the lord of the Tango Tanabe domain with 35,000 koku.
- しかし清華家当主にしてはやや官位の上昇が遅く、慶長18年(1613年)にようやく従三位となり公卿に列している。
- However, he was promoted a little late for the family head of the Seiga family, and finally became Jusanmi (Junior 3rd Rank) and was raised to Kugyo in 1613.
- 頼房は尊氏と畿内で主に戦い、一時は尊氏方を破って入京するまでに至り、その功績から直義より引付頭人に任じられた。
- Yorifusa fought with Takauji mainly in the Kinai region and temporarily entered Kyoto by defeating Takauji, because of which achievement he was assigned Hikitsuke tonin (chairman of the court of justice) by Naoyoshi.
- 主に桜町天皇(114代)・桃園天皇(115代)の二帝にわたり、仕え、官位は正三位権大納言(薨去後正二位追贈)。
- He mainly served two emperors, Emperor Sakuramachi (114th), and Emperor Momozono (115th) and his official rank was raised to Shosanmi Gon Dainagon (Senior Third Rank, provisional chief councilor of state) (After his Kokyo (death of a man of upper than Third Rank), he was raised to Shonii - Senior Second Rank.)
- 主に近衛信尋(近衛家18代当主)、近衛尚嗣(19代当主)、近衛基熙(20代当主)の3代にわたり近衛家に仕えた。
- He mostly served the Konoe family for three generations, Nobuhiro KONOE (the eighteenth head of the Konoe family), Hisatsugu KONOE (the nineteenth head of the Konoe family) and Motohiro KONOE (the twentieth head of the Konoe family).
- しかし、主に文暦~宝治年間の資料において、有力御家人の当主として征夷大将軍藤原頼経に随列したことが確認される。
- However, mainly from the material between Bunryaku era and Hoji era, it is evident that he was a powerful family head who accompanied FUJIWARA no Yoritsune, the Seii Taishogun (Barbarian Subduing General).
- 主に桃園天皇(116代)・後桜町天皇(117代)の二帝にわたり仕え、官位は正二位権大納言・右近衛大将まで昇る。
- Most of his time was spent in the service of Emperor Momozono (the 116th) and Emperor Gosakuramachi (the 117th) in succession, and his official court rank culminated at Shonii Gon Dainagon (Senior Second Rank, Provisional Chief Councilor of State) and Ukone no daisho (Major Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards).
- 普通列車(英字表記 Local)は各駅に停車する列車で、主にJR難波 - 柏原・王寺・奈良間で運転されている。
- Local trains stop at every station and are mainly operated between JR Nanba, Kashiwara, Oji and Nara.
- また、京都市営地下鉄烏丸線京都市交通局10系電車の乗り入れ運用もある(主に新田辺駅以北折り返しの普通電車運用。
- Trains of Kyoto Municipal Subway Series 10 are also operated on the shared track. (the series is mainly used for local trains that double back at Shin-Tanabe Station and northward.
- ---昭和初期ごろまで見られ、小麦粉を甘く味付けして中華菓子の様にその場で揚げて、主に子ども向けに売っていた。
- Agedango vendors, who were seen until the early Showa period, cooled deep-fried sweetened flour dumplings at the stall and sold them mainly to children.
- 21世紀となった現在でも、日本各地(主に農村・漁村地域)に、無尽や頼母子、模合と呼ばれる会・組織が存在している。
- Even now, in the twenty-first century, gatherings and organizations called Mujin, Tanomoshi, or Moai exist in various places in Japan (mainly in the regions of farming and fishing villages).
- 家督相続や分家とは異なり、新たに戸主になる者の意思とは無関係に、法律の規定により当然に家が設立される場合をいう。
- Unlike succession of a family or creation of a branch family, this is a case that a household will be created by laws, regardless of will of a new family head.
- 主に式典の主賓としての列席及び祝辞、弔辞、開会または閉会の「お言葉」として挨拶をするなどが代表的な活動といえる。
- Typically, as guests of honors, they attend ceremonies and often 'address' audiences: congratulations, condolences, or inaugural or concluding speeches.
- 国一揆(くにいっき)は南北朝時代 (日本)、室町時代の領主による領主権の確保を目的とした連合形態(一揆)を言う。
- Kuni ikki refers to an alliance (uprising) made up of feudal lords with the aim of securing their rule in the period of Northern and Southern courts and Muromachi.
- 有栖川宮の近侍となり、沈南蘋派、円山派などを学び、これらを折衷し、主に京都で装飾的で筆法の鋭い障壁画などを描く。
- He became a valet of Arisugawa no Miya, and he studied the Shinnanpin-ha (the Shinnanpin school) and the MARUYAMA school, combined them, and produced decorative paintings with sharp brushwork on walls and screens mainly in Kyoto.
- このほか、地方部には、主に旧国鉄の赤字ローカル線を継承した、地元自治体等の出資による第三セクター鉄道が存在する。
- There are also joint public-private venture railways, which were taken over mainly from unremunerative local lines of Japan National Railways and are managed through investments from local government bodies, in rural areas.
- 福山藩主に就任した正右は寛延3年(1730年)に福山に入国し領内を視察するが、その後は江戸または京都に住まった。
- Masasuke, assuming the position of lord of the Fukuyama Domain, entered Fukuyama in 1730 and inspected his domain, but after that he stayed in Edo or Kyoto.
- この時代から鎌倉時代では、戦法は武士同士の一騎討ちが主で、戦闘の手段は主に弓、太刀、長巻、薙刀、鎧通しを用いた。
- From this period to the Kamakura period, mainly one-on-one battles by warriors, bows, swords, nagamaki, naginata (a long pole with a sharp curving sword), and yoroidoshi (dagger like thrusting blade for use against an armored opponent) were used in the battle.
- かつて、畿内説は「魏志倭人伝」の方角表記が誤っていると考える研究者(「連続説」、主に京都大学系)に多く見られた。
- The Kinai region theory was found among many researchers who thought the direction written in 'Gishiwajinden' was incorrect ('the contiguous journey theory,' mainly found in connection with Kyoto University).
- また江戸は武家屋敷が多く点在し、上級武士が大口取引に主に小判を使用したことも江戸を中心として流通した一因である。
- One of the reasons why Koban was circulated around Edo was there were many samurai residences in Edo and high-ranking warriors used mainly Koban in a large amount transactions.
- 娘を鷹司房輔・一条兼輝の2人の摂家当主に嫁がせるなど政略結婚に力を入れたが、参議在任中に34歳の若さで病死した。
- He was so eager to gain the benefit from marriage of convenience that he married off his two daughters to two heads of Sekke (line of regents and advisers), Fusasuke TAKATSUKASA and Kaneteru ICHIJO, respectively, but he died young at the age of 34 while he was serving as Sangi (councilor).
- 登場した頃は主に注釈・解説を行ったが、のちに下欄の用語解説・注釈から、付録としての位置づけに役割が大きく変わった。
- When the Tosho first appeared, it mainly contained notes or explanations, then, it changed its role significantly from the column for explanations or notes for entry words below to the column for supplementary information.
- 土地などの対象物件を一定期間に限って売却して代価を受け取り、契約期間満了後には自動的に売主に権利が戻る契約である。
- Under a nenki-uri contract, the thing being sold, be it land or something else, was sold to the buyer for a certain fixed interval in exchange for an agreed-upon price the seller would receive, and upon expiration of the length of time stipulated in the contract, the object would automatically revert to the control of the seller.
- 荘官が保管して年貢・公事などの負担割当に決定するのに用いられたが、荘園によっては荘園領主に提出される場合もあった。
- It was kept by the shokan in order to determine the amount of nengu and the role allotment of kuji; in some cases, it was submitted to the manor owner.
- 剝片石器には、尖頭器・石槍、石鏃、石匙、石鏃石銛、石篦、石錐、石鋸などの打製石器があり、主に利器として使用される。
- Flake stone tools were mainly used as useful tools and include chipped stone tools such as points, stone spears, stone arrowheads, stone knives, stone harpoons, stone spatulas, stone drills and stone saws.
- 御所号は主に朝廷や幕府がそれぞれ家柄や格式によって寺社・公家・大名家に許すものであり、尊称としては最高級に位する。
- The Imperial Court or the Shogunate mostly awarded the gosho-go to temples, shrines, nobles, daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) families according to their family lineages and social status, and the title is considered to be the most honorific.
- 山体は主に堆積岩からなるが、比叡山と大文字山の間の京都府道・滋賀県道30号下鴨大津線付近では花崗岩が貫入している。
- Although the body of the mountains mainly consist of sedimentary rocks, granite intrusions can be found in areas around Kyoto and Shiga Prefectural Road 30 Shimogamo-Otsu Line between Mt. Hiei and Mt. Daimonji.
- 「寺子屋」の名称は主に上方(京都・大坂・伊勢市など)で用いられ、江戸では「手習指南所」「手跡指南」などと呼ばれた。
- Terakoya was the name used mostly at Kamigata (Kyoto, Osaka, Ise) and it was called 'Tenarai-shinanjo' or 'Shuseki-shinan' in Edo.
- 武士団(ぶしだん)とは主に平安時代後半から、鎌倉時代、南北朝時代 (日本)を中心に室町時代までの武士の集団を指す。
- Bushidan (warrior bands) refers to the group of bushi (samurai) that existed mainly from the late Heian, Kamakura, the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan) (Japan), and lasted until the Muromachi period.
- 失った釣針や猟具を追って異郷を訪問し、これを手に入れてから持ち主に復讐するという形式の説話は、世界各地に見られる。
- Legends that take the form of visiting a foreign land by chasing a lost fishing hook or a hunting tool and getting one's revenge on the owner by finding and obtaining these items can be found in various places throughout the world.
- 石材としてはサヌカイトなどの安山岩系の岩石や黒曜石などが主に用いられ、縄文時代からの製作技術を受け継いで作られた。
- Sanukite, Anzangan rock (andesite) and kokuyoseki (obsidian) were often used as material, and it was manufactured with a method passed down from Jomon period.
- 主に帝国議会開設から日清戦争にかけて使われてきたが、その後も「民衆代表政党」の意味を込めて大正期まで使われてきた。
- It was used mainly between the establishment of the Imperial Diet and the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, but was used to the Taisho period with the meaning of 'the Parties of the People's Representatives' afterwards.
- 承保元年(1074年)2月平等院執行に補され、同年12月に法印になり、承暦元年(1077年)法性寺座主に転任した。
- In March 1074, he was assigned to the regent of the Byodoin Temple and to hoin (the highest rank among Buddhist priests) in December in the same year, and was transferred to the zasu of the Hossho-ji Temple in 1077.
- 知恩院の貫主に懇願されて、1774年(安永3年)伊勢国宇治山田(現在・三重県伊勢市)の寂照寺を再興するために入山。
- At the sincere request of the chief priest of Chionin Temple, he entered the mountains in order to reconstruct Josho-ji Temple in Uji Yamada, Ise Province (present-day, Ise City, Mie Prefecture) in 1774.
- すると、これまで政元政権を支えてきた「内衆」とよばれる京兆家重臣(主に畿内有力国人層)と、阿波勢との対立が深まった。
- This intensified the confrontation between the forces from Awa and the senior vassals of the Keicho family (mainly powerful local lords in and around the capital) called 'uchishu' who had thus far supported Masamoto.
- 1156年(保元元年)延暦寺座主に就任し、1158年(保元3年)には僧正に任じられ、親王宣下を受けて法親王となった。
- In 1156, he assumed the position of zasu (the head priest) of Enryaku-ji Temple, and then he was assigned to a sojo and he became Cloistered Imperial Prince by the Emperor's official announcement in 1158.
- また11代邦尚親王については、その父である10代貞清親王よりも7か月早く薨去しているので歴代当主に数えない説もある。
- In relation to the eleventh Imperial Prince Kuninao, since he died seven month earlier than his father, Imperial Prince Hiroyoshi, thus Kuninao is not included in the successive Fushimi no Miya family.
- しかし、鎌倉時代後期頃から、主に地頭によって、重層的な関係を解消し、一元的な支配体系が指向されるようになっていった。
- Around the latter half of the Kamakura period, the multi-tiered relationship disappeared mainly due to the appearance of jito, and it was oriented so as to introduce a unified control system.
- 主に桜町天皇(115代)・桃園天皇(116代)・後桜町天皇(117代)・後桃園天皇(118代)の四朝にわたり仕えた。
- He served for the four sovereigns: the 115th Emperor Sakuramachi, the 116th Emperor Momozono, the 117th Emperor Gosakuramachi and the 118the Emperor Gomomozono.
- しかし、高速化改造されておらず、主に福知山~上夜久野間では急曲線も連続することから特急も速度を落として運転している。
- However, the construction work for speed improvement has not been carried out in this section and even limited express trains run at reduced speeds in the Fukuchiyama - Kami-Yakuno section due to the consecutive sharp curves.
- その後、忠吉が正式に城主になると改めて下総国小見川(現在の千葉県香取市)に移封され、上代城(同市櫻井)を本拠とした。
- After Tadayoshi came of age and became the lord of the castle, Ietada was again moved to a new fief, this time to Omigawa, Shimousa Province (present day Katori City, Chiba Prefecture), where he established a base at Kamidai-jo Castle (present day Sakurai, Katori City).
- そして、大国主に「この国は我が御子が治めるべきであるとアマテラス大御神は仰せである。そなたの意向はどうか」と訊ねた。
- Then he asked Okuninushi, 'Amaterasu said that my child should rule this country. What do you think?'
- 蘭方医学(らんぽういがく)とは、主に長崎出島のオランダ商館医官(医師)などを介して、江戸時代の日本に伝えられた医学。
- Ranpoigaku (school of Dutch medicine) refers to medical science introduced to Japan during the Edo period mainly through medical officers (doctors) in Dutch Trading Post in Dejima, Nagasaki.
- 佐賀藩士等は藩に戻って藩主に報告したが、この2年後の安政2年(1855年)2月、佐賀藩は蒸気機関車の模型を完成させた。
- The feudal retainers of the Saga clan reported it to their Lord upon return and in February, 1855, two years thereafter, Saga clan completed a model steam locomotive.
- そのため、近年の合戦を扱った関係書籍や観光史跡案内(例:義経「神戸源平物語」)などでも主にこの一ノ谷説が採られている。
- Therefore, in recent books relating to the battle and guiding materials for the sightseeing of historic sites (e.g. 'Kobe Genpei Monogatari' (Tale of the Minamoto clan and the Taira clan at Kobe') by Yoshitsune), this Ichinotani theory is mainly supported.
- その中で、荘園領主による勧農は、百姓や名主も期待するところであり、例として年貢の減免や雑役人夫への給付などが行われた。
- Meanwhile, the kanno by shoen owners was expected by farmers or myoshu, for example, the exemption of nengu or benefits for laborers and so on.
- 鎌倉時代には、幕府が中央政府からの委任に基づいて、検断権行使の中枢を担っていたが、あくまで建前上の権限は領主にあった。
- During the Kamakura period, the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) played an central role to exercise the right based upon a delegation from the central government, but lords continued to have the power in principle at least.
- 村の住民(百姓など)が集団で荘園から退去して一時的に他の土地へ逃げ込み、領主に対して年貢軽減や代官の罷免などを求める。
- Village residents (such as peasants) would leave manors en masse and temporarily take refuge in other areas where they would make demand that the feudal lord take actions such as the reduction of land taxes and the dismissal of the local governor.
- 主に桃園天皇(116代)・後桜町天皇(117代)・後桃園天皇(118代)・光格天皇(119代)の四代にわたって仕えた。
- He primarily served for the four sovereigns: the 116th Emperor Momozono, the 117th Emperor Gosakuramachi, the 118th Emperor Gomomozono and the 119th Emperor Kokaku.
- 主に後村上天皇(97代)/後光厳天皇(北朝4代)から後小松天皇(100代)にわたって仕え、官位は従一位右大臣まで昇る。
- He served the dynasties from Emperor Gomurakami (the 97th) and Emperor Gokogon (the 4th emperor of the Northern Court) to Emperor Gokomatsu (the 100th), and advanced up to Udaijin (minister of the right) at the rank of Juichii (Junior First Rank).
- また、平宗盛の麾下では兵糧米の集積、運送、兵士の徴兵、訓練などの兵站部を主に担当するようになり、軍事面に進出し始める。
- In addition, under TAIRA no Munemori's command, he accumulated and carried provisions of rice for the army, and then launched into military affairs, being in charge of the commissariat such as conscription and training warriors.
- ---売り声「なっとー、なっとなっとうー、なっと」江戸時代から続いていたが近年では主に自転車に品物を積み販売していた。
- The vendors sold fermented soybeans from the Edo period by shouting 'Natto! Natto!,' and recently they carried the products mainly on a bicycle.
- 正倉院文書(しょうそういんもんじょ)は、東大寺正倉院に保管されてきた文書群で、主に東大寺写経所が作成した文書群のこと。
- Shosoin monjo refers to document collections kept in Todai-ji Temple Shosoin, which are mainly created by the Sutra copying office at Todai-ji Temple.
- 1603年(慶長8年)、異母弟の池田忠継が岡山城主に任じられたとき、幼年の忠継に代わって執政代行として岡山城に入った。
- In 1603, when his younger paternal brother Tadatsugu IKEDA was assigned the lord of Okayama-jo Castle, he entered the castle as a vicarious administrator since Tadatsugu was still very young.
- 上記のように、炭素税は工場等を狙ったものではなく自家用乗用車や民生部門などからの排出を抑制する効果を主にした制度である。
- As mentioned above, a carbon tax does not aim at factories or the like, but intends to effectively drive the suppression of the emissions from private cars, civilian sectors and so on.
- 信長の家臣であった太田牛一は、天正7年1月『安土日記』に村井貞勝による天主に関しての記述を次のように引用して記している。
- Gyuichi OTA, a vassal of Nobunaga, wrote in the chapter on February 1579 of 'Azuchi Nikki' as follows by quoting the description made by Sadakatsu MURAI about castle tower.
- この石器群が、主に生産活動に使用された時期を「ナイフ形石器文化期」とも呼ばれ、3万年前頃から1.4万年前頃まで存続する。
- The period when these stone tools were mainly used for production activities is called 'cultural period of stone tools resembling a knife,' which lasted from 30,000 to 14,000 years ago.
- さらに、ほとんどの合戦関係本で、この合戦を解説する際には主にこの数字が使われており、本項目の経過説明もこれに従っている。
- Moreover, most authors of books related to the battle mainly used these numbers to explain the battle, and this section has also followed this tradition to explain the progress of the battle.
- 明治維新後の政治体制を、絶対王政とみなし「絶対主義天皇制」と規定したのは、主に唯物史観を取り入れた左派の歴史学者である。
- It was the left-wing historians with the materialist concept who called the political system after the Meiji Restoration as 'Absolute Tennosei' regarding it as absolute monarchism.
- 主に霊元天皇(112代)・東山天皇(113代)・中御門天皇(114代)の三朝にわたり仕え、官位は従一位内大臣まで昇った。
- He served the Imperial Court mainly in three generations of Emperor Reigen (the 112th), Emperor Higashiyama (the 113th) and Emperor Nakamikado (the 114th) and promoted to Juichii (Junior First Rank) Naidaijin (Minister of the Center).
- さらに「多門筆記」によれば長矩の切腹場所が一国一城の主にあるまじき庭先である事について多門は庄田下総守に抗議したという。
- Also according to 'Okado hikki', Okado protested Shoda, the governor of Shimousa Province, that Asano's seppuku taking place in the garden would have been extremely dishonorable to a Daimyo like Asano.
- 鉄道が民営であることの軍事的に不利な理由は、私鉄の場合、株式会社であるから、経営状態を詳しく株主に報告しなければならない。
- The disadvantaged point of railway management by private sector was that in the case of the private railways, being the joint-stock companies, they must report their managing status in detail to the shareholders.
- 草高35万石で、近江半国領主という国主に準ずる格式に沿うならば、一階級上の侯爵となるはずとの意向も、井伊家の周辺にあった。
- The expectation of 350,000 koku, achieving the status of a so-called Omi Hangoku lord or a similar title, and also the potential of becoming a higher class marquis, surrounded the Ii Family.
- このため、異常な天文現象に対しては、天文学と占星術に通じた者が君主に対してその事実と占いの結果を報告することが求められた。
- For that reason, it was imperative that an unusual astronomical phenomenon should be reported to the monarch by those well versed in astronomy and astrology together with observations and astrological divination.
- 13世紀に入ると、摂関の地位は、父子継承によって決定された御堂流のうちの5家、すなわち五摂家当主による巡任が体制化された。
- During the thirteenth century, the Sekkan position was passed in turn among the heads of the five families determined by paternal succession among the Mido branch, in other words, the Gosekke (five top Fujiwara families), became systemized.
- これにより「親鸞の御血の道」と呼ばれた直系が継承する法主に権限を集約し、その藩屏たる連枝・一門の優位が定められたのである。
- These laws concentrated the power to hoshu which was succeeded by the direct lineage called 'Shinran no michi no michi' (literally, the way of Shinran's blood) and established the superiority of renshi and ichimon which acted as guarding walls.
- 主に帯刀を許されない身分の者(農民・商人・職人)の護身用の武器として、また、日本の武術各流派では隠し武器として用いられた。
- Kusarigama was mainly used as a weapon of self-defense for the rank of people who were not permitted to wear a sword (peasants, merchants, craftsmen) and in addition it was used as a hidden weapon in various schools of Japanese martial arts.
- 信保の死後、当主になった信隆ではあったが、程なく信応派が足利義明や里見義堯と同盟を結んで信隆を真里谷城から追放してしまう。
- Although Nobutaka became the head of the clan after the death of Nobuyasu, vassals supporting Nobumasa soon expelled him from Mariya-jo Castle in alliance with Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA and Yoshitaka SATOMI.
- 鎌倉幕府の成立に従い、主に東国の武士は鎌倉幕府に奉公する、御家人となり地頭に補任され、所領の支配権が鎌倉幕府に保証された。
- By the establishment of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by shogun), in most cases samurai in Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly Kanto region) became gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods) to serve Kamakura bakufu and were appointed jito with their rights to rule their shoryo (territory) guaranteed by Kamakura bakufu.
- 領地(demesne:領主の直轄地)は、領主により直接支配された地区であり、領主の一族・郎党の利益のための収奪が行われた。
- The demesne (the land of the direct rule of the lords) were the areas directly-governed by the lords and deprivation was done for the sake of the lords' families or the roto (retainers).
- 代官として主に京都に駐在し、朝廷や幕府との折衝の傍ら、三条西家に接近して青苧などの越後特産品の売買に関する奉行職も勤める。
- Staying mainly in Kyoto as a local governor, he also served as a bugyo (magistrate) for selling and buying local products from Echigo Province such as Aoso (fiber materials for clothing) by approaching the Sanjonishi family while he negotiated with the Imperial court and bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 主に東山天皇(113代)・中御門天皇(114代)・桜町天皇(115代)の三帝にわたって仕え、官位は従一位右大臣まで昇った。
- He mainly served during the reigns of three emperors, Emperor Higashiyama (113th), Emperor Nakamikado (114th), Emperor Sakuramachi (115th) and his official rank was raised to Juichii Udaijin (Junior First Rank, Minister of the Right.)
- ホームの北側に接する着発荷役線は上り列車(京都駅方面行)、南側に接する着発荷役線は下り列車(大阪駅方面行)が主に使用する。
- The inbound train bound for Kyoto Station mainly uses the E&S System line running on the north of the platform, while the outbound train bound for Osaka Station mainly uses another E&S System line running on the south of the platform.
- 2006年度の1日あたりの乗車人員は約1,345人で、官公庁の集中する地域性から、主に京都市方面からのビジネス利用が多い。
- An average of 1,345 people a day used the station in fiscal year 2006, with most passengers being business commuters from Kyoto City since this area has many government and other public offices.
- 読者は主に役人でこの新聞自体は庶民には浸透しなかったが、朝鮮におけるハングル使用の中の一つの重要なエピソードとされている。
- The newspaper was read mainly by government officials and its readership did not expand to the ordinary people, but this is considered as one of the important episodes of using Hangeul in Korea.
- しかしその典信が寛文12年(1672年)に早世したため、孫の松平信利を第3代藩主に擁立し、自らは後見人として藩政を執った。
- Sukenobu, however, died young in 1672, and therefore, Yasunobu appointed his grandson Nobutoshi MATSUDAIRA the third Lord of the domain and administered affairs of the domain as Nobutoshi's guardian.
- 当時は形骸化していたとは言え、官位を得ることによって安芸国内の他の領主に対して朝廷・大内氏双方の後ろ盾があることを示した。
- Through his investiture which had already become nominal by then, he nevertheless demonstrated to the other lords in Aki Province that he had the backing of both the imperial court and the Ouchi clan.
- これら旗本家は、若年寄、大目付、勘定奉行、外国奉行、外国(事務)副総裁、開成所総奉行などを務めた幕臣を、主に幕末に輩出した。
- At the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate, the members of those families of Hatamoto were appointed to important posts such as Wakadoshiyori (a managerial position in the Edo bakufu), Ometsuke (Chief inspector of the Edo bakufu), Kanjo bugyo (commissioner of finance), Vice President of the administrators of Gaikoku bugyo (magistrate of foreign affairs), and Chief of Kaiseijo (magistrate for examination of foreign books).
- 寺社造営料唐船は、主に博多と寧波市(後の明州、寧波)を結ぶルートを往還したが、慶元の代わりに福州市港が利用されたこともある。
- Jishazoeiryotosen commonly took the route between Hakata and Neiha City (later Ningbo, Mingzhou) but sometimes used the seaport in Fuzhou instead of Qingyuan.
- 本能寺の変以降もしばらく織田氏の居城として、信長の嫡孫織田秀信が清洲会議の後入城するなどと、主に二の丸を中心に機能していた。
- The castle worked as a stronghold of the Oda clan mainly centered around the Ninomaru for a while after the Honnoji Incident; for example, Nobunaga's heir Hidenobu ODA made a triumphal entry into the castle after the Kiyosu conference.
- 伊達政宗以降、武家官位としての陸奥守の職は伊達家当主・仙台藩主に与えられるのが慣例となり、代々伊達氏が世襲し幕末まで続いた。
- Since Masamune DATE it became customary that the position of Mutsu no kami as an official court title for samurai was granted to the family head of the Date family or the lord of the Sendai Domain, that is, the position was taken over by the Date clan by heredity till the end of Edo period.
- これらは主に、武士としての生き方に関わるものであり、あくまでも各家々の家訓であって、家臣としての処世術にも等しいものである。
- This is the way of life as a samurai and also the family precept of each family as well as how to get along with life as a vassal.
- 主に平野部では瀬戸内海式気候、京都府南部・滋賀県南部・奈良県北部・三重県伊賀地方・伊賀地方などの内陸部は内陸性気候に属する。
- The plains mainly belong to the Seto Inland Sea climate, while the southern part of Kyoto Prefecture, the southern part of Shiga Prefecture, the northern part of Nara Prefecture and the Iga region of Mie Prefecture belong to the inland climate.
- 1640年(寛永17年)天台座主となり、以後2度天台座主に任じられたが、1655年(明暦元年)3度目の座主職は辞任している。
- In 1640, he was designated as the head priest of the Tendai sect, and later he received the appointments twice, however, he resigned the post at the third appointment offered in 1655.
- 主に中御門天皇(114代)・桜町天皇(115代)・桃園天皇(116代)の三朝にわたり仕え、官位は正二位大納言まで進んでいる。
- He served mainly three generations of Emperor Nakamikado (the 114th), Emperor Sakuramachi (the 115th) and the Emperor Momozono (the 116th), and was promoted to Shonii Dainagon (Senior Second Rank, chief councilor of state).
- この縁戚関係が、挙兵し東国の主になった兄弟頼朝の重要な都との接点となり、能保は都における鎌倉政権の出先機関として重用された。
- This marital relationship provided an important contact, in the capital, with her brother, Yoritomo, who started fighting with arms and became the leader of the eastern region, and therefore, Yoshiyasu became an important function in the capital for the Kamakura government.
- 主に中御門天皇(114代)・桜町天皇(115代)・桃園天皇(116代)の三代にわたり仕え、官位は従一位右大臣まで進んでいる。
- He mostly served the Imperial Court for three generations, from Emperor Nakamikado (the 114th), Emperor Sakuramachi (the 115th) to Emperor Momozono (the 116th), and was promoted to Juichii Udaijin (Junior First Rank, minister of the right).
- 壬生六斎念仏踊り(みぶろくさいねんぶつおどり)は、主に8月の盂蘭盆の時期に行われる郷土芸能であり、重要無形民俗文化財である。
- Mibu Rokusai Nenbutsu Odori is a local performing art mainly performed in Urabon festival (a Festival of the Dead or Buddhist All Soul's Day) in August and has been designated an Important Intangible Folk Cultural Property.
- 大阪近郊の中距離優等種別という位置づけで、主に複々線区間で通過運転を行い、その他の区間は各駅に停車するパターンとなっている。
- The train that is positioned as a higher category middle-distance train provides direct operation mainly in the quadruple-track sections, while in other sections it makes a stop at each station.
- 宇宙工学で宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究本部教授の上杉邦憲は米沢藩上杉家の16代目当主にあたる(謙信から数えて17代目)。
- Kuninori UESUGI, who is a professor at the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science at the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, is the sixteenth head of the Uesugi family of Yonezawa Domain (seventeenth, counting from Kenshin).
- 大坂にあって屯所隊長を務めたが、主に別行動をとることが多く、在籍は確認されるものの、兄三十郎の死後に離脱したものと思われる。
- While he was in Osaka, he held the position of the leader of quarters, however, as he often acted individually, it seems that he left the Shinsengumi after the death of his brother Sanjuro, although his enrolment until that period is confirmed.
- 天保元年(1830年)一幽斎廣重と改め、花鳥を描いていたが、文政11年(1828年)師の豊廣の死の後は風景画を主に制作した。
- In 1830, he changed his name to Hiroshige ICHIYUSAI, and began painting flowers and birds, but after the death of Toyohiro in 1828 he painted mainly landscapes.
- これは、夜間も稼動を続ける工場やオフィスのランプ (照明器具)の灯火として、主にマッコウクジラの鯨油を使用していたからである。
- In those days, factories and offices that kept late business hours used lamp oil made from sperm whales, and it was precisely for this reason that whaling was so vigorously carried on.
- 京都市と大阪市の間の、主に淀川左岸の大阪府守口市、門真市、寝屋川市、大東市、四條畷市、交野市、枚方市の地域(北河内地区7市)。
- Moriguchi City, Kadoma City, Neyagawa City, Daito City, Shijonawate City, Katano City, and Hirakata City in Osaka Prefecture, mostly on the left side of the Yodo-gawa River, between Kyoto City and Osaka City (seven cities in the Kitakawachi area).
- 石見吉見氏は木部・津和野・吉賀地方の在地領主を被官化しつつ次第に勢力を拡張し、隣接する強豪益田氏と拮抗する有力領主に成長した。
- The Iwami-Yoshimi clan expanded its power by putting local lords under its control in Kibe, Tsuwano and Yoshika regions, developing into an influential lord equally matching in strength with the Masuda clan, a powerful lord in neighboring regions.
- しかし、本州と同じ時期に、年によっては、2週間くらい、主にオホーツク高気圧の勢力南下に伴うぐずつき肌寒い天気が続くことがある。
- In certain years, however, in the same period as Honshu, unsettled chilly weather caused mainly by force of Okhotsk anticyclone coming down to the south continues for around two weeks.
- 反面、武人としての事績に目立ったものはなく、寛仁3年(1019年)に暴漢を逮捕したことなど、主に京周辺の警察的活動に従事した。
- Meanwhile, there were no remarkable achievements as a warrior, but in 1019, when he was engaged in police activities around Kyoto, he arrested a thug.
- 応仁の乱の混乱を乗り切り、同族との家督争いを経て当主になったが、自身の子の代の家督争いを防ぐことはできず京極氏の衰退を招いた。
- Managing to plot a course through the mayhem of the Onin no Ran (Onin Rebellion), and becoming head of the family after battling with his family to inherit the title, he could not protect his own child from the family battles, which bought about a decline in the Kyogoku family fortunes.
- なお、現在航空は主に関西圏のみを対象にすると航空機の特性が生かせないため関西以外の観光客・ビジネス客の利用促進に注力している。
- Moreover, it's the tourists and business travelers outside the Kansai area to whom the local aviation industry now promotes the use of the airplane, because the characteristics of the airplane can't be used if only people within the Kansai area are targeted by the promotion.
- 1番のりばの福知山寄りが一線スルーとなっているが、1番のりばは主として特急の通過に使われ、停車列車は主に2番のりばに停車する。
- Hiyoshi Station has a single track crossing loop configuration on the Fukuchiyama side of Platform 1, where Platform 1 is used mainly for the Limited Express trains that pass through the station and Platform 2 is used mainly for trains that stop at the station.
- 北部九州や山陰、四国地方などに主に分布する銅矛や銅剣、銅戈などは、前期末に製品が持ち込まれるとともに、すぐに生産も開始された。
- Bronze halberd, doka (bronze halberd for rituals), and bronze swords distributed mainly in northern Kyushu, Sanin and the Shikoku region were introduced at the end of early period and manufacturing started right after that.
- 為朝の庶子の太郎丸と二郎丸の双子は、北条時政にその旨を訴え、源頼朝により太郎丸は大島の領主、二郎丸は八丈島の領主に任じられた。
- The twins Taromaru and Jiromaru, who were illegitimate children of Tametomo, appealed this fact to Tokimasa HOJO, so MINAMOTO no Yoritomo appointed Taromaru the lord of Oshima Island and appointed Jiromaru the lord of Hachijo-jima Island.
- このころ、土佐から江戸に出てきた坂本龍馬が千葉道場に入門しているので、龍馬に剣術指南をしたのは主に重太郎であったと考えられる。
- Around that time, Ryoma SAKAMOTO who came to Edo from Tosa Province became a student at Chiba-dojo, therefore, it is believed that Jutaro was the principal instructor who taught swordplay to Ryoma.
- 初代北条早雲から5代北条氏直までの全ての当主に仕え、記録の残っている家臣では唯一、後北条氏の最初から最後までを見た人物である。
- He was the only person who saw from start to end of the Gohojo clan among vassals whose records were left, serving all leaders from the first Soun HOJO to the fifth Ujinao HOJO.
- 1038年(長暦2年)天台座主に任じられると、円仁の門徒がそれに激しく反対し、翌1039年(長暦3年)関白藤原頼通に強訴した。
- When he was appointed as the head priest of Tendai Sect in 1038, believers of Ennin were furiously offended and petitioned directly to kanpaku (a chief advisor to the Emperor) FUJIWARA no Yorimichi in the following year, 1039.
- 今日の日本においても影響力が強く、結婚式は大安がよい、葬式は友引を避けるなど、主に冠婚葬祭などの儀式と結びついて使用されている。
- Now in Japan, rokuyo has a strong influence mainly on ceremonial occasions, for example, it is better to have a wedding on taian and to avoid a funeral on tomobiki.
- 凹石とは異なり、板状の石材が選ばれることが多く、凹みは主に回転摩擦痕跡によるものであることから、火きり臼であると考えられている。
- Unlike kubomi-ishi, board-like stones are selected as materials in many cases; because hollows mainly resulted from rotary frictions, beehive stones are seen as making fire mortars.
- 島自体は、安山岩を主に火山性の岩石で、周囲のほとんどが切り立った崖になっており、タブノキなどの常緑広葉樹の原生林で覆われている。
- The island itself, which consists of volcanic rocks (mainly Anzangan rock (andesite)), is mostly surrounded by a vertical cliff and is covered by a virgin forest of evergreen broad-leaved trees such as Machilus thunbergii.
- また京都府側には竜宮浜海水浴場と野原海水浴場があり、また若狭湾国定公園に指定され風光明媚なことから、主に夏季には観光客で賑わう。
- On the side of Kyoto Prefecture is the Ryuguhama Seaside Resort and Nohara Seaside Resort, with beautiful scenery designated as Wakasa Bay Quasi-National Park, resulting in many tourists visiting the area mainly during the summer season.
- 近江商人(おうみしょうにん)は、主に鎌倉時代から江戸時代、明治時代、大正時代、昭和時代にかけて活動した近江国・滋賀県出身の商人。
- Omi shonin refers to merchants from the Omi Province (present-day Shiga Prefecture) who were active from the Kamakura period through to Edo, Meiji, Taisho and Showa periods.
- 主に平安時代~江戸時代にかけて、武士や貴族の子が幼児である期間につけられる名前で、だいたい元服して諱をつけるまでその名前でいる。
- Such childhood names were in use primarily from the Heian through to the Edo periods for the children of military or noble families during their childhoods, and most often ceased to be used once the child passed through the coming of age ceremony and received his imina (real name) for adulthood.
- 実家の下冷泉家の父と兄が播磨国において戦国大名の別所氏に攻められ没落したため、弟を新たな当主に擁立し、下冷泉家の再興に尽力した。
- Since his father and his older brother, from his birth home of the Shimo-Reizei house, were brought to ruin by the attack of the Bessho clan (the Daimyo or territorial lord in the Sengoku period in the Harima Province), he put up his younger brother as the new head of the family and exerted himself in the reconstruction of the Shimo-Reizei family.
- 主に霊元天皇(112代)・東山天皇(113代)・中御門天皇(114代)の三代にわたり朝廷につかえ、官位は従一位内大臣まで進んだ。
- He served the Imperial Court in mainly three generations of the Emperor Reigen (the 112th), the Emperor Higashiyama (the 113th) and the Emperor Nakamikado (the 114th) and promoted up to Juichii (Junior First Rank), Naidaijin (Minister of the Center).
- 主に中御門天皇(114代)・桜町天皇(115代)・桃園天皇(116代)の三帝にわたって奉仕し、官位は従一位内大臣まで昇っている。
- He primarily served for the three emperors: the 114th Emperor Nakamikado, the 115th Emperor Sakuramachi, and the 116th Emperor Momozono; He was promoted up to 'Juichii Naidaijin'(Junior First Rank and Minister of the Center).
- この後は主に美術行政に専念し、大正3年(1914年)に旧・有馬郡の役所を利用して自身の収蔵品を展示する三田博物館を設立している。
- After that, he devoted himself into the art administration, and in 1914, he founded the Sanda Museum by using the administrative institution of the old Arima County to store his own collections.
- これらは主に農閑期に進められ、男女を問わず徴用されたが、これは一種の公共工事であり、給金も支払われた為みな喜んで協力したという。
- Although those engineering works were conducted mainly in the farmers' slack season and workers were mobilized irrespective of gender, these were a type of public works and wages were paid, and therefore people were reportedly pleased to cooperate.
- 律令の解釈は主に渡来人系の人々からなる令師と呼ばれる一種の技術職によって行われ、その育成も令師が私的に行っていたと考えられている。
- The interpretation of ritsuryo was handled mainly by people from China called Ryoshi, experts who probably also cultivated future Ryoshi privately.
- 後半は主に出羽において戦闘が継続したが、伊治呰麻呂らの協力もあり、宝亀9年(778年)までには反乱は一旦収束したと考えられている。
- Although fighting continued mainly in the Dewa province for the last half of this period, most rebellions by Emishi/Ezo people are considered to have ceased by 778, partly thanks to the collaboration of IJI no Azamaro and others.
- なお、植村氏は戦国時代に家康のもとで抜群の戦功を挙げたことから、歴代藩主に家康の「家」を名乗ることを許されていた名門譜代であった。
- Since the Uemura clan had performed great military exploits under Ieyasu during the Sengoku period, it was distinguished Fudai (a daimyo in hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa family) which was allowed to use 'Ie' of Ieyasu for the name of the successive lords of the domain.
- また、西山山系の湧水を利用してサントリーが大山崎町との境目近くに京都ビール工場を設置、主に西日本地区向けの製品の生産を行っている。
- Suntory also built Kyoto Brewery in the city near the border with Oyamazaki-cho, and, using the water from springs flowing from the Nishiyama Mountain Range, Kyoto Brewery produces products mainly for western Japan.
- 更に中世に入ると、名田の成立や国衙や荘園領主による環境整備を伴った「浪人」導入よって荒田に対する積極的な開墾が見られるようになる。
- Furthermore, in the middle ages, the establishment of Myoden (rice field lots with a nominal holder) and the introduction of 'ronin' accompanying environmental improvement by kokuga (provincial government offices) and shoen landholders led to active development of Koden.
- 戦後の中世研究史を振り返ると、石母田正の『中世的世界の形成』に始まる第一世代での武士・武士団論は在地領主に主眼を置いたものだった。
- Looking back at the medieval history studies conducted after World War II, we can see that the theories of bushi and bushidan shared by the first post-war generation, which started off with 'Chuseiteki Sekai no Keise' (The Formation of the Medieval World) by Tadashi (also pronounced Sho) ISHIMODA, focused greatly on the lord of the manor.
- また『明月記』によると鎮圧の便宜を図るため、後鳥羽天皇から伊賀国の知行国主に任じられており、御家人としては破格の扱いを受けていた。
- According to 'Meigetsuki' (Chronicle of the Bright Moon), to facilitate the suppression of the rebellion, he was appointed to chigyo-kokushu (provincial proprietor) of Iga Province by Emperor Gotoba, and received an unexceptional treatment for a gokenin.
- 主に正親町天皇(106代)の代に朝廷に仕えていたが、早世したために清華家三条家の当主でありながら生前の官位は正三位止まりであった。
- Although he served the Imperial Court mainly in the generation of the Emperor Ogimachi (the 106th), he was promoted only to Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank) in spite of being the family head of the Sanjo family, which is a Seiga family (one of the highest court noble families in Japan at that time), because of his premature death.
- 主に後陽成天皇(107代)から後光明天皇(110代)にわたる四帝に仕えた廷臣で、官位は正二位権大納言(薨去後左大臣追贈)まで昇る。
- He was a retainer of the Imperial Court who served four emperors and an empress, mainly from the time of Emperor Goyozei (107th) to Emperor Gokomyo (110th) and was promoted to Shonii Gon Dainagon (Senior Second Rank, Provisional Chief Councilor of State); the court rank he was conferred posthumously was Sadaijin (Minister of the Left).
- 一領具足を中心とした旧長宗我部氏の武士の多くは新領主に反発し土佐国内で多くの紛争(旧主長宗我部盛親の復帰を求めるなど)を起こした。
- The former Chosokabe clan warriors were mainly the cultivators who were allowed to arm themselves who rebelled against the new lord and caused many battles within Tosa Province (such as in demanding the return of the former lord, Morichika CHOSOKABE).
- 主に、神社用の田である神田、寺院用の田である寺田、官職に応じられて与えられた田である官田をはじめ勅旨田・公廨田などが不輸租田である。
- Fuyusoden mainly included shinden (also referred to as kamita, kanda) which was a paddy field affiliated with a shrine, jiden (also referred to as terada) which was a paddy field affiliated with a temple, kanden (imperial estates) which was a paddy field allotted according to government rank, chokushiden (imperial proprietorships and land), and kugaiden (estates belonging to government officers.)
- 主に中御門天皇(114代)から桃園天皇(116代)の3代にわたって朝廷に仕え、官位は従二位権中納言まで昇った(薨去後に正二位追贈)。
- He mainly served the Imperial Court for three generations of Emperors, from Emperor Nakamikado (114th) through Emperor Momozono (116th), and his official court rank was raised to Junii (Junior Second Rank) Gon Chunagon (a provisional vice-councilor of state) (his rank was raised to Shonii [Senior Second Rank] after his death).
- 万葉集には「いさな(鯨魚)」を詠んだ歌が詠われているが、いさなとは鯨魚、鯨名、勇魚、不知魚、伊佐魚とも表記していて、主に鯨類をさす。
- The Manyoshu contains poems writing about 'isana,' an expression which generally indicates whales, and which is written as 鯨魚, 鯨名, 勇魚, 不知魚, and 伊佐魚.
- 翌朝夕霧が邸に帰ると、雲居の雁は主に娘と幼い子数人を連れて実家の頭中将邸に帰ってしまっていて、連れ戻しに行っても取り合おうとしない。
- The next morning, when Yugiri returns home, Kumoi no Kari has already gone with her daughter and several young children to the To no Chujo Residence, where her real parents live, and she will not listen to him when he visits her in order to take her and their children back home.
- 地方貨幣というべきものでもあるが、地方貨幣は諸藩により主に幕末に盛んに発行された領内通用貨幣の意味として用いられているため区別する。
- Ryogoku kahei may also be called chiho (regions) kahei, but the former is distinguished from the latter, because the word 'chiho kahei' was used to mean the coins for circulation inside the territories, which were frequently issued by various domains, mainly toward the end of Edo Period.
- その後は帝展・日本美術展覧会で主に作品を発表したが、1948年(昭和23年)に日展を離れ、数名の画家と共に新団体『創造美術』を結成。
- In later years, Shoko mostly presented his works at Teiten (The Japan Art Academy Exhibitions) and Nitten (The Japan Fine Arts Exhibitions), but in 1948 he left Nitten and formed a new organization with several other artists called 'Sozo Bijyutsu' (Creation of Art).
- 慶長5年(1600年)、家康が上杉景勝討伐のため出兵している機を見計らい、石田三成は毛利輝元を盟主に担ぎ、打倒家康のために挙兵した。
- In 1600, when Ieyasu dispatched troops on behalf of Kagekatsu UESUGI, Mitsunari ISHIDA took the opportunity to make Terumoto MORI a leader and they raised their armies to overthrow Ieyasu.
- 1170年(嘉応2年)無品親王となり、1177年(治承元年)延暦寺座主明雲が流罪となった跡を受けて座主に就任、法性寺座主も兼任した。
- He became Muhon-Shinno (Imperial Prince without court rank) in 1170 and was inaugurated in 1177 as the chief priest of Enryaku-ji Temple after Myoun, his predecessor, was banished while concurrently serving as the chief priest of Hosho-ji Temple.
- その為、一般的な合戦解説では、後白河法皇の政略を加味しつつ、具体的な合戦経過は『玉葉』を交えつつも主に『吾妻鏡』と『平家物語』を採り。
- Thus, as a general explanation of the battle, the authors of history books mainly reference descriptions of the specific progress of the battle in 'Azuma Kagami' and 'Heike Monogatari,' considering the political maneuver of Emperor Goshirakawa and adding the view of 'Gyokuyo.'
- 現代では主に日本の皇族にのみ使われるが、外国の皇族や王族に対する呼称、プリンスの訳語の一つとしても便宜上、親王が用いられることがある。
- Presently, the term Shinno is only used mainly for the Japanese Imperial family, but is sometimes used as a name for foreign Imperial families or Royal families, or as one translation for the title Prince.
- 主に霊元天皇(112代)・東山天皇(113代)・中御門天皇(114代)の三代にわたり朝廷に奉仕し、官位は正二位権大納言まで昇っている。
- He mostly served the Imperial Court for three generations, Emperor Reigen (the 112th), Emperor Higashiyama (the 113th), Emperor Nakamikado (the 114th), and he was promoted to Shonii Gon Dainagon (Senior Second Rank, Provisional Major Counselor).
- 『平安末期、殺生を禁じる領主により禁漁となっていた笛吹川で鵜飼をした勘作という老鵜匠が、極刑を言い渡され簀巻きにされて川へ沈められた。
- 'In the late Heian period, an old cormorant fisherman called Kansaku, who fished with cormorants in the Fuefuki-gawa River where fishing was prohibited by the Lord, who prohibited killing, was sentenced to death, rolled up in a bamboo mat, and sank in the river.
- 当時、尾張国は守護大名の斯波氏の力が衰え、尾張下四郡の守護代であった「織田大和守家」当主にして清洲城主・織田信友が実権を掌握していた。
- In those days, in Owari Province, the power of the Shiba clan, who were shugo daimyo, declined and Nobutomo ODA, who was the head of 'the Oda Yamato no Kami family,' the shugodai of the south four counties of the Owari Province, and the head of the lord of the Kiyosu-jo Castle, grasped the real power.
- 主な対外政策としては、アジアに対してはアジア全域の革新運動の盟主に日本が立つことを主張して、欧米列強に対しては強硬な外交政策を掲げた。
- As its major foreign policies, the Toyo Jiyuto declared to Asian nations that Japan would become a leader of the reform movement throughout Asia, while it declared its hard-line foreign policy toward the allied Western powers.
- 永正年間に、信孝は鬼邑山城を一門の上野高直を入れて城主となし、子の上野頼久をして備中松山城主に封じ自らは帰洛し再び室町幕府に近侍した。
- In the Eisho era (1504 - 1521), Nobutaka made a member of the clan Takanao UENO enter Kimurayama-jo Castle to make him the lord and appointed his son Yorihisa UENO to the lord of Bicchu Matsuyama-jo Castle, and he himself went back to Kyoto and served in the Muromachi bakufu again.
- この後、大番頭座書役となり、7年間勤めたが、この間幾度か藩主に拝謁する機会も得、精勤振りを認められ、褒賞として金130両を下賜された。
- After that, he became a clerk at the treasury, and while he had served for seven years, he had several chances to have an audience with the domain lord, and was awarded 130 ryo of gold as special compensation for his diligence.
- 田堵と名田は荘園単位、また公領では郡・郷・保単位で把握され、荘園領主に任命された荘官、国衙に任命された郡司、郷司、保司らの支配を受けた。
- The tato farmers and the myoden fields were administered on a manor basis and supervised by a shokan (a manor officer) appointed as the lord of the manor, while the Imperial demesnes were administered on a gun (district), go (village), or ho (settlement) basis, and gunji (a district officer), goji (a village officer), and hoji (a public land officer) supervised respective lands.
- こうした中で、氏長者の地位は、主に氏長者とその子孫により継承されたが、その継承方法には「氏的継承」と「嫡流継承」の二つの考え方があった。
- Under such circumstances, the position of the ujinochoja was handed down from the ujinochoja to their descendants; there were two types of succession, the 'clan succession' and the 'chakuryu succession.'
- 庶家という概念は主に日本の封建時代、特に鎌倉時代から戦国時代 (日本)、江戸時代にかけて武家に見られた血族集団ないし階層のことをいった。
- The concept of Shoke refers to a blood-relative group or a blood-relative layer present amongst warriors in mainly the feudal period in Japan, especially from Kamakura period to the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) (Japan) and Edo period.
- これらを通じて、土地支配上の武士の立場は、荘官・下司として荘園領主に代わって荘園を管理するだけの立場から実質的な領主へと変化していった。
- In these conditions, the position of samurai regarding the control over land changed from being mere managers of shoen, tax collectors and subordinates to the rightful owners, to essentially supplanting the titular owners and assuming de facto control over the shoen.
- 後に清河八郎に率いられて江戸に戻るが、4月に清河が暗殺されると幕府により新徴組として再組織され、主に江戸市中の警戒、海防警備に従事する。
- Subsequently, they returned to Edo led by Hachiro KIYOKAWA, but after Kiyokawa was assassinated in April, the Roshi-gumi was reorganized as the Shinchogumi by the Edo bakufu, and they maintained vigilance inside Edo City and served as the naval defense and guard.
- そして明治元年(1868年)、茲監が明治維新政府神祇官の要職につくに及び、微士神祇事務局権判事となり、主に神祇制度の復興確立に尽力した。
- When Koremi assumed the important post of Jingikan (senior official at the Ministry of Divinities) for the Meiji restoration government in 1868, Bisei was appointed as a Gonhanji (assistant judicial officer) of the Jingi Jimukyoku (Shintō Worship Bureau), where he greatly contributed to the restoration and establishment of the Jingi system (Ministry of Divinities system).
- 諸国牧(しょこくまき)は、古代の日本において、兵部省により開発・管轄された牧場であり、主に軍馬や貴族への貢馬、駅伝などの供給源とされた。
- Shokokumaki is a farm developed and controlled by Hyobusho (ministry of military) in ancient Japan, which mainly provided war-horses, horses presented to nobles and ekiden (ekiba (horses for transportation of official travelers) and post horse).
- 領国貨幣は主に商取引に用いられた地方極印銀などをいい、また戦国時代に手柄を立てた者に対する恩賞として用いられた金銀貨も含める場合が多い。
- Ryogoku kahei referred to chiho hallmark silver used mainly for commercial transactions, and in many cases included gold and silver coins, which were awarded to those who had rendered distinguished services in the Sengoku period.
- 寛文11年(1671年)3月に父・長友が藩主に就任したが、その3年後の延宝3年1月26日 (旧暦)(1675年2月20日)に長友が死去。
- His father, Nagatomo, was promoted to level of lord of the Domain in March 167, but 3 years later, on February 20, 1675, Nagatomo died.
- 正徳は江戸時代の6代将軍徳川家宣・7代徳川家継の治世の年号で、主に将軍侍講(政治顧問)の新井白石と側用人の間部詮房らが実際の政権を担った。
- Shotoku is the name of an era ruled by the sixth shogun Ienobu TOKUGAWA and the seventh shogun Ietsugu TOGUGAWA when mainly Hakuseki ARAI, the shogun's teacher and Akifusa MANABE, the lord chamberlain took the reins of government.
- この時期に、善政を行い、名君と呼ばれた藩主に前述の保科正之の他に、岡山藩主の池田光政、水戸藩主の徳川光圀、加賀藩主の前田綱紀が挙げられる。
- During this period, in addition to above mentioned Masayuki HOSHINA, the following feudal lords called rulers of virtue appeared and they conducted good governance: the lord of the Okayama Domain Mitsumasa IKEDA, the lord of the Mito Domain Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA, and the lord of the Kaga Domain Tsunanori MAEDA.
- 室町時代、主に足利将軍家の当主及び連枝、鎌倉公方家の一門、或いは鎮守府将軍として南朝方の有力大名であった北畠氏とその一門が御所号を称した。
- In the Muromachi period, the head and his siblings of the Ashikaga Shogunate family, the clan of the Kamakura Kubo (Governor-General of the Kamakura Government) family, and the Kitabatake clan who was a powerful daimyo on the side of the Nancho (Southern Court, or Yoshino Imperial court) who acted as the shogun of the chinju-fu, and its descendants were all entitled to the gosho-go.
- 主に人口の多い東日本から徴兵され、その間も税は免除される事はないため、農民にとっては重い負担であり、兵士の士気は低かったと考えられている。
- Because the soldiers, who were mainly drafted from eastern Japan which had a larger population, were not exempt from taxation during their service, they bore a heavy burden as farmers and it is thought that morale was low.
- 聖徳太子の冠位十二階でも朝廷に出仕する者の服装規定が定められ、以後も度々奢侈禁止令が出されたが、当初はその対象は主に貴族・官人層であった。
- Under the Kani junikai (12 grades of cap rank) of Prince Shotoku, a dress code for those who attended the Imperial Court was established, and this was followed by frequent sumptuary laws which were, at first, mainly aimed at nobles and government officials (especially those of low to medium rank).
- さらに、同時に幕府の介入によって摂関家当主による「合議制」による意思決定が義務付けられた事によって寧ろ逆に摂関政治は否定される事になった。
- On the other hand, due to the bakufu's intervention, the regency was in fact negated because the representatives of the regent's house at the time were required to use a 'council system' when making decisions.
- 組成を見ると、主に石英、長石、雲母、緑泥石、カオリナイト、方解石(炭酸カルシウム)、石膏(硫酸カルシウム)、硫酸アンモニウムなどからなる。
- The composition mostly includes quartz, feldspar, mica, chlorite, kaolinite, calcite (Calcium carbonate), gypsum (calcium sulphate), and ammonium sulfate.
- また、郷土の武将が拠った城が、主に敵対する大勢力によって陥落したという史実から派生する落城哀史のような物語の舞台として語られることもある。
- Also, they are told as a stage of a story like rakujo aishi (stories about fall of castles) derived from historical facts that the castle that was used as a base by a busho (military commander) of the homeland fell by attack by strong opponent.
- また、細川家家老で後に八代城主になった松井寄之の依頼により巌流島の試合で使用した木刀を模したと伝えられる武蔵自作の木刀が現在も残っている。
- By the commission Yoriyuki MATSUI, Karo (chief retainer) of the Hosokawa family (later Yoriyuki became the lord of Yatsushiro-jo Castle), Musashi made a wooden sword after the one which he had used in the duel at Ganryu-jima Island; the wooden sword still remains.
- この経緯については、各藩主に御親兵として兵力を供出させ、手足をもいだ状態で、廃藩置県をいきなり断行するなど言わば騙し討ちに近い形であった。
- The reorganization was carried out as follows: soldiers were supplied as Goshimpei to each load of domain, and then suddenly clans were abolished and prefectures were established; thus, it was similar to sneak attack.
- 青銅器の鋳型は、列島での初現期にあたる弥生時代前期末~中期前半期のものは主に佐賀県佐賀市から小城市にかけての佐賀平野南西部に多く見られる。
- Many of the molds for bronze ware in its time of emergence, around the end of the early Yayoi period to the first half of the middle Yayoi period, were found mainly in south west part of the Saga plain, around Saga City, and Ogi City, Saga Prefecture.
- 公事は荘園領主や領主に代わって経営を行う預所が検注を行って 本在家(もしくは名主)を確定させ、在家役(あるいは名役)としてこれを賦課した。
- Azukaridokoro (custodian) that was handling the management in place of lord of the manor or feudal lord made a land survey to determine honzaike (or nanushi) (village headman) and imposed it as zaikeyaku (or 名役).
- 主に教科書として用いられたのは、天文では『漢書』・『晋書』の天文志や『天漢書』・『三家薄讃』・『天文要集』(『韓楊要集』)が挙げられている。
- The major textbooks used in Tenmon were the tenmonshi (astronomy records) 'Kanjo (Historical records of the Han Dynasty)' and 'Shin jo (History of the Jin Dynasty)', 'Tenkanjo', 'Sankehakusan (textbook for learners of astrology)', 'Tenmon Yoshu (the summary of astrology)' and 'Kanyo Yoshu (the summary of astrology).'
- 秦・前漢代においては、官奴婢は戦争捕虜や重罪を犯した氏族が中核を占めており主に官営工場の労働や牧場などでの馬・鳥・犬などの飼育を行っていた。
- In the periods of Qin and former Han dynasty, Kannuhi whose core consisted of prisoners of war and clans committing a serious crime was mainly engaged in the work at a government-owned factory or in breeding horses, birds, dogs and so on at a stock farm.
- その後、村民は主に隣の藤岡町や群馬県板倉町にあたる地域、下都賀郡の他の町村、古河町(現在の古河市)、那須郡、北海道常呂郡佐呂間町に移住した。
- After that, the villagers moved to the neighboring Fujioka-cho, the area of present Itakura-machi in Gunma Prefecture, other towns and villages in Shimotsuga County, Koga-cho (present Koga City), Nasu County, and Saroma-cho in Tokoro County in Hokkaido.
- 11世紀中頃以後、不入の権 (日本)の拡大とともに一円支配が確立され、荘園内に居住するものは全て荘民として荘園領主に帰属されることになった。
- After the middle of the 11th century, together with the expansion of Funyu rights (Japan), Ichien shihai (reigning of whole regions) became established and all those who lived within a shoen were under the rule of the shoen landowner as shomin.
- 飛鳥京 (あすかきょう、あすかのみやこ) は現在の奈良県高市郡明日香村一帯にあったと想定される古代都市の、主に飛鳥時代のものを指し示す名称。
- Asuka-kyo (also known as Asuka no Miyako [the capital of Asuka]) is the name of the ancient capital mainly in the Asuka period, which is believed to be existed in the general area covering present-day Asuka Village, Takaichi County, Nara Prefecture.
- 正信の嫡男・堀田正休は父の罪を許されて天和 (日本)2年(1682年)3月に1万石の大名として復帰を許され、上野国吉井藩の藩主に封じられた。
- Masanobu's heir, Masayasu HOTTA was excused in April 1682, regaining a status of daimyo appointed to lord of the Yoshii Domain in Kozuke Province with 10,000 koku.
- しかしこれまでの英明な筒井氏当主に比せば見目は良いものの平凡な人物で、中坊秀祐の讒言を受け入れて名臣の島左近と対立し、これを追放してしまう。
- Compared with the past wise heads of the Tsutsui clan, he was mediocre in wisdom although he looked better in appearance, and he ousted Sakon SHIMA, an excellent vassal, after believing the false charge made by Hidesuke NAKANOBO against SHIMA.
- 花笠は久多の男衆によって毎年新しく作られ、造花の種類は、ダリア、牡丹、菊、バラ、朝顔、あやめなど約50種類ほどあり、材料は主に和紙を用いる。
- Hanagasa are made every year by male adults in the Kuta area, and flowers of around fifty species, such as dahlia, peony, chrysanthemum, rose, morning glory and iris, are made mostly using Japanese paper.
- 国人領主も同様であり一門や庶家、配下の土豪層とは主君と家来というよりは緩やかな同盟関係に近く、国人領主の存在は主君というより盟主に近かった。
- In the case of Kokujin ryoshu, their relationship with clan members, branch families and Dogo under their rule was similar to an alliance, rather than a relationship of master and vassal; in this sense, Kokujin ryoshu were more akin to leaders rather than masters.
- 神領興行(しんりょうこうぎょう)とは、主に鎌倉時代中期以降に、天人相関思想に基づき、天皇、鎌倉幕府が行った神事の興行を図る政策のことである。
- Shinryo Kogyo was a policy implemented by the Emperor and the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a Shogun nominally appointed by the Emperor) mainly in the mid-Kamakura period to promote the performance of Shinto rituals on the basis of tenjin sokan shigo (an idea of correspondence between Heaven and Man).
- しかし義隆の重臣陶隆房(陶晴賢)が義隆に対して謀反を企てると、隆房は天文20年(1551年)5月に晴英を大内氏の新当主に迎えることを示した。
- However, when the chief vassal Takafusa SUE (Harukata SUE) plotted treachery against Yoshitaka, he stated that he would welcome Haruhide as the new head of the OUCHI clan in May 1551.
- 本来は古河公方の正統な後継者の立場だったが、晴氏の側室である北条氏の娘に足利義氏が産まれたため、義氏を当主にしたい北条氏により迫害を受けた。
- Originally, he was the legitimate successor of Kogakubo, but a daughter of the Hojo clan, who was a concubine of Haruuji, gave birth to Yoshiuji ASHIKAGA, and as a result he was persecuted by the Hojo clan who wanted Yoshiuji to be the head of the family.
- 紫香楽宮造営司に主典として出向したのを皮切りに以後東大寺や西大寺 (奈良市)の造営、長岡京遷都の任に当たるなど主に建築や造営の面で活躍した。
- He gained a reputation in the field of architecture and construction by first starting off as a Sakan for the construction of Shigaraki no Miya Palace and later working on the construction of Todai-ji Temple and Saidai-ji Temple (Nara City), and the transfer of the national capital to Nagaoka.
- 信玄が勝頼を寵愛し(事実、早くから高遠城主にしている)、次第に勝頼に武田家の家督を譲りたいと願望し始めて、義信を廃嫡に追い込もうと画策した。
- Shingen favored Katsuyori (in fact, he was made the lord of Takato-jo Castle at an early age) and he eventually began to wish to pass the Takeda family head position to Katsuyori and therefore planned to disinherit Yoshinobu.
- 一般的には、宴会席で男性客に踊りを始めとする遊芸を主に接待し、時代、及び立地により、客の求めに応じて性行為を伴う性的サービスをする事もあった。
- Generally speaking, they entertained male guests at a banquet with their arts for amusement including dancing, and depending on the period and location of industry, they sometimes offered sexual service that involved sex in accordance with a request of the guest.
- 女中たちのお禄(手当)は主に切米、合力金、扶持(月々の食料)、湯之木(風呂用の薪)、五菜銀(味噌や塩を買うための銀)、油などの現物が多かった。
- Allowance to jochu was mainly in kind like rice, gold, fuchi (monthly provided food), Yunoki (firewood for bath), Gosaigin (silver for buying miso [bean paste] and salt), oil and so on.
- 京都府道10号大山崎大枝線(丹波街道)以西の西部は、主に西山の丘陵地帯からなる自然あふれる地域であり、後述のような有名神社仏閣などが点在する。
- The west of Nagaokakyo City to the westward of the Oyamazaki Oe Line (Tanba Kaido Road) of the Kyoto Prefectural Route 10 is an area with a wealth of nature, consisting mainly of the hillside area in Nishiyama, and where famous shrines and temples are scattered around as mentioned below.
- 同様に24代博明王の父の博義王については、その父である23代博恭王よりも早く薨去しているが、博義王については歴代当主に数えていない資料が多い。
- In the same way twenty fourth Prince Hiroaki's father, Prince Hiroyoshi died before his father, twenty third Prince Hiroyasu, Prince Hiroyoshi was not included in the successive head of the family in many written materials.
- 1314年(正和3年)から1329年(元徳元年)まで門跡管領を止められたが再び門主となり、1331年(元徳3年)には天台座主に任じられている。
- Between 1314 and 1329, he was suspended as Minister of Chief Priest, however he became the chief priest of a religious sect again, he also became the head priest of the Buddhist Tendai sect in 1331.
- 往来物(おうらいもの)とは、平安時代後期より、明治時代初頭にかけて主に書簡などの手紙類の形式をとって作成された初等教育用の教科書の総称である。
- Oraimono is a collective term for primary education text books that were compiled from the late Heian period to the early Meiji period, mainly in the form of letters.
- 佃戸は地主によって経済的な依存なくして生計が立てられない状況に置かれ、移転の自由を持たず土地に呪縛された一種の農奴制であったというものである。
- Denkos were put in the situation where they could not earn a living without economical support by the owner, did not have the freedom of transfer and were locked in the land, which, they think, was a kind of serf system.
- 藤原実資の『小右記』によれば、三条天皇の眼病の原因は藤原元方と内供奉を務め後に天台座主になれずに憤死した賀静の怨霊であることが記載されている。
- According to 'Shoyuki' (Diary of FUJIWARA no Sanesuke), the reason for the eye disease of Emperor Sanjo was the wraith of Gasho who could not become the head of the Tendai Sect after serving under FUJIWARA no Motokata as the naigubu (a special monk who held a position in the imperial court).
- 宝暦6年10月に前年に幼少で藩主になった島津重豪の国目付として江戸幕府より派遣された京極高主らに、この年10月に改められた分限帳が提出される。
- In October 1756, the Bugencho (registers of vassals) which was revised in October of this year was submitted to Takanushi KYOGOKU and others who were sent to the Satsuma domain by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) as Kuni Metsuke (an officer who was sent by the bakufu to investigate politics of a domain especially when the lord of this domain was a child) of Shigehide SHIMAZU who became the lord of the domain in his early childhood in the previous year.
- 主に後亀山天皇(99代)/後円融天皇(北朝5代)・後小松天皇(100代)・称光天皇(101代)の三朝にわたり仕え、官位は従一位左大臣まで進む。
- He mainly served three emperors, Emperor Gokameyama (the 99th), Emperor Goenyu (the 5th emperor of the Northern Court), Emperor Gokomatsu (the 100th), and Emperor Shoko (the 101st), and advanced up to Sadaijin (minister of the left) at the rank of Juichii (Junior First Rank).
- 父 上野信孝は足利義稙の近臣として、明応の政変において征夷大将軍を追われた義稙に随行して西国に下り、備中国鬼邑山城主に任ぜられた武将であった。
- His father, Nobutaka UENO was a Busho, who, as a trusted vassal of Yoshitane ASHIKAGA, went down to Saigoku (western part of Japan [especially Kyushu, but ranging as far east as Kinki]) with Yoshitane being driven out of his position of Seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') in the Coup of Meio and was appointed the lord of the Kimurayama-jo Castle in Bitchu Province.
- 空港などにおいて、主に入国者および出国者を対象に、2国間の通貨を手数料を徴収して、為替相場に応じて外貨両替を行う窓口または店舗を両替商と呼ぶ。
- A money changer is a window or store at an airport that exchanges the currency of one country for that of another at exchange rates on behalf of those who leave or arrive at the country for a commission.
- 醍醐寺三宝院に住し、1085年(応徳2年)醍醐寺座主に就任し、1092年(寛治6年)に広隆寺、ついで1104年(長徳元年)には東大寺に移った。
- While residing at Daigo-ji Temple Sanpo-in, he was inaugurated as the chief priest of Daigo-ji Temple in 1085 and thereafter, he moved to Koryu-ji Temple in 1092 and to Todai-ji Temple in 1104.
- 1045年(寛徳2年)園城寺長吏、1048年(永承3年)天台座主に就任したが、山門派・寺門派の対立により3日で座主職を辞職せざるを得なくなた。
- He was appointed to the chief priest of Onjo-ji Temple in 1045 and to the head priest of Tendai Sect in 1048, but he was forced to resign as the head priest of Tendai Sect only three days after his inauguration because of the confrontation between the Sanmon school and the Jimon school (supporters of Onjo-ji Temple).
- この内容は主に、鉱害による損害賠償請求が行えるようにして欲しいというものだった(当時は原告に立証責任があったため、裁判で勝つ見込みがなかった)。
- The petition was mainly to ask for the authorities' permission that the victims claimed compensation for the damage by the mining pollution (in those days, since plaintiffs had the burden of proof, the victims had no chance of winning in court)
- 戸主の同意を得ずに婚姻・養子縁組をした者が離婚・養子離縁した際に、復籍すべき家の戸主に復籍拒絶をされたとき(旧民法741条・742条・750条)
- In case that someone who had got married or adopted without agreement of head of his/her own family and can not return to his/her own family after dissolution because the family head refuses (the Old Civil Codes, Article 741, 742 and 750).
- 彼らは御家人としては鎌倉殿に奉仕し、地頭としては従来の郡司、郷司、荘官の任を引き継いで、徴税、警察、裁判の責任者として国衙と荘園領主に奉仕した。
- They served kamakura-dono as shogunal retainers, while serving kokuga and lords of shoen as jito who were in charge of tax collection, police, and trials to take over the duties of conventional gunji, goji, and shokan.
- 元和 (日本)5年(1619年)7月、徳川家康の十男・徳川頼宣が紀州藩主に封じられたとき、その付家老として遠江国掛川城主・安藤直次が付けられた。
- When Yorinobu TOKUGAWA, the 10th son of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, was appointed as the lord of the Kishu domain in July 1619, Naotsugu ANDO, the lord of Kakegawa Castle in Totomi Province, was assigned to the post of attendant chief retainer.
- その後(あと)、近衛家は文麿の娘温子が細川護貞と結婚して生まれた護煇(近衛忠てると改名)を当主に迎え、近衛家の本家は「皇別摂家」ではなくなった。
- Later on, the head family of Konoe lost its status of Kobetu Sekke when Moriteru (renamed Tadateru KONOE), the son of Atsuko (the daughter of Fumimaro KONOE) and Morisada HOSOKAWA (her husband), succeeded the Konoe family.
- 荘園を構成する田畠は主に皇帝よりの恩賜地や墾田、質入や買入による購入、寄進、更には暴力を伴う強奪などの手法によって獲得されたものも含まれていた。
- The fields (of rice and other crops) which made up the shoens included the land from the Emperor, the new rice field, the land by purchase or by pawning or donation and also land acquired by robbery with violence and so on.
- 主に東山天皇(113代)・土御門天皇(113代)・桜町天皇(114代)・桃園天皇(115代)の四帝にわたって仕え、官位は従一位左大臣まで昇った。
- He mainly served four generations of emperors, Emperor Higashiyama (the 113th), Emperor Tsuchimikado (the 113th), Emperor Sakuramachi (the 114th), and Emperor Momozono (the 115th), and his official court rank culminated at Juichii Sadaijin (Junior First Rank, the Minister of the Left).
- 主に桃園天皇(116代)・後桜町天皇(117代)・後桃園天皇(118代)・光格天皇(119代)の四帝にわたって仕え、官位は正二位内大臣まで昇る。
- He mainly served four emperors, Emperor Momozono (116th), Emperor Gosakuramachi (117th), Emperor Gomomozono (118th), Emperor Kokaku (119th) and his official rank was raised to Shonii Naidaijin (Senior Second Rank, minister of the center).
- 隠者文学(いんじゃぶんがく)とは、主に日本の中世において、俗世間から隠遁する道を選んだ者達(僧侶や隠者など)によって書かれた作品群の総称である。
- Inja Bungaku (literature of reclusion) is the generic term referring to a group of literature written by Buddhist priests and recluses who chose to retire from the secular world in medieval Japan.
- 一般的には本名は「那須宗隆」(平家物語では宗高)と紹介されることも多いが、これは初名であり、当主に就任後は父と同名の資隆と名乗ったと伝えられる。
- Usually, his real name is introduced as 'Munetaka NASU' (Munetaka in Heike Monogatari (The Tales of the Heike)), which is his first name, but it is said that since his accession to the position of family head he identified himself with his father's name, Suketaka.
- またこの事件に対し天皇が激怒し、自ら近衛部隊を率いて叛乱軍と戦うと言い出した時は、立憲君主制下の君主にあるまじき行動として、激しく諌言している。
- Furthermore, the Emperor was enraged by this incident and said that he would lead the Konoe Troops himself to fight against the rebellious troops, Saionji admonished him for taking an action unfit for a ruler under constitutional monarchy.
- 足利尊氏が京都に武家政権を成立させ、後醍醐らが吉野に南朝を成立させて南北朝時代となると、越前国守護として主に北陸方面で南朝方と攻防を繰り広げた。
- When it came to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts, during which Takauji ASHIKAGA formed a samurai government in Kyoto (the Northern Court) and Emperor Godaigo set up the Southern Court in Yoshino, Takatsune became engaged in a tug-of-war against the Southern Court, mainly in Hokuriku region as a military governor of Echizen Province.
- このように、理解ある藩主に恵まれたことや良きパトロンを得られたこと、さらに識見ある先達との交流を得られたことは、伴存の学問の大成に大きく影響した。
- Being blessed with such an understanding feudal lord, being supported by such a good patron, and exchanging with insightful predecessors greatly influenced the perfection of Tomoari's learning.
- タケミカヅチが「コトシロヌシはああ言ったが、他に意見を言う子はいるか」と大国主に訊ねると、大国主はもう一人の息子のタケミナカタにも訊くよう言った。
- When Takemikazuchi asked Okuninushi, 'Kotoshironushi said so, but is there any child who has an opinion?' and Okuninushi told him to ask another son, Takeminakata.
- 兵馬司は、全国の牧、軍馬、公私におけるウシ・ウマの管理(近い性格の機関である馬寮は、主に朝廷での飼養を職掌としていた)、駅伝制などをつかさどった。
- Hyomashi was to manage maki (the ground to raise horses and cattle) nationwide, war-horses, cows and horses of public and private (official duty of Meryo [Bureau of Horses] that had close characteristics to Hyomashi was mainly to feed the animals in the Imperial Court) and post horse system.
- ほぼ同時に宮中の改革も行われ、旧来の宮中職や女官は廃され、士族を中心とした侍従らが明治天皇を武断的な改革君主にふさわしい天皇に養育することとなった。
- The reform of the Imperial court was implemented at almost the same time, and in this reform, a number of positions from the former imperial court, including court ladies, were abolished, and palace staff mainly consisting of 'warrior class' educated Emperor Meiji so he could become fit for the role of a militaristic reform leader.
- 江戸時代になると、中世末に一度没落し大名の地位を失った武士の家系などで、主に名主となって農村に残った旧臣たちに対して、官途状を発給する習慣が残った。
- After the Edo period, the custom remained among samurai families who once lost the position of daimyo during the end of mediaeval period to issue Kantojo mainly to their old retainer who stayed in villages.
- 引付衆は御家人の所領関係訴訟(所務沙汰)を扱い、問注所ではその他の民事訴訟(雑務沙汰)及び訴訟雑務(主に訴状の受理)を扱うという役割分担がなされた。
- Responsibilities were divided between the Monchujo and Hikitsukeshu; Hikitsukeshu dealt with Shomu-sata (lawsuits brought about by gokenin (an immediate vassal of the shogunate in the Kamakura and Muromachi through Edo periods)), whereas Monchu-dokoro handled Zatsumu-zata (other civil cases) and served within the court (mainly receiving petitions.).
- その結果36人余の集団となった壬生浪士組は、京都守護職・松平容保より、主に尊攘激派(勤王倒幕)浪士達による不逞行為の取り締まりと市中警護を任された。
- As a result, Mibu Roshi-gumi became a group of about 36 men, and was assigned by Katamori MATSUDAIRA, Kyoto Shugoshoku, to control lawless acts by Sonno-joi extremists (loyalists aiming for overthrow of the shogunate), and guard in the city of Kyoto.
- 南北朝末期、花の下連歌が廃れたとき、その代わりを担った、主に北野天満宮で張行された笠着連歌もまた、参加者の身分を明かさずにおこなわれるものであった。
- When Hananomoto-renga disappeared at the end of Nanbokucho (the Southern and Northern Court Period), the Kasagi-renga (a form of renga) that came in place of it was performed mainly in Kitanotenmangu Shrine without revealing the background of participants.
- 祭祀対象は主に神道の神 (神道)であり、日本古来の神に属さない民俗神、実在の人物や伝説昔話の人物、仏教の神仏や道教の神などの外来の神も含まれている。
- Shinto mainly involves the worship of kami but also includes ethnic gods separate from Japan's ancient gods, actual people, characters from folklore, Buddhist deities and Taoist deities.
- また義教は有力守護大名に対して、その家督継承に積極的に干渉することにより、大内持世や赤松貞村などの自身の腹心を当主に推し支配力を強める政策を行った。
- Furthermore, Yoshinori implemented measures to increase his dominance over major Shugo (Military Governor) Daimyos by aggressively interfering in their family inheritance issues and by recommending his own trusted assistants, such as Mochiyo OUCHI and Sadamura AKAMATSU, as the heads of these families.
- 政虎は上野・武蔵・常陸・下野・下総などで転戦したが、関東における領土は主に東上野にとどまった(但し謙信没時、上野・下野・常陸の豪族の一部は上杉方)。
- Although Masatora moved from place to place to fight in the provinces of Kozuke, Musashi, Hitachi, Shimotsuke and Shimousa, his territories in the Kanto region remained mainly in the eastern part of Kozuke Province (however, some powerful families in the provinces of Kozuke, Shimotsuke and Hitachi took the side of Uesugi clan when Kenshin died).
- 1646年(正保3年)3月には天台座主に任じられ、1656年(明暦2年)現在の京都御所近くにあった曼殊院を洛北一乗寺村へ移転し、伽藍を整備している。
- After he was appointed as head priest of the Tendai Sect in March 1646, he moved Manju-in Temple, which had been located at a place near to the current Kyoto Imperial Palace, to Ichijoji village in Rakuhoku in 1656 and improved its garan (ensemble of temple buildings).
- その過程でそれぞれの氏や家に附属する所領や荘園、持仏堂などの施設が一族内部を統制する機能を持ち、氏長者や家長などの本主によって管理されるようになった。
- In that process, shoryo and shoen which belonged to each clan and each house, as well as facilities such as jibutsudo (Buddhist sanctuaries) had assumed functions to control the clan; at that time, the main family such as Uji no Choja (chieftain) or kacho (family head) began to manage them.
- そして1880年(明治13年)9月20日、3ヶ月にわたる上町町会の運動の末に県令が折れ、日本で初めて(戸主に限定されていたが)女性参政権が認められた。
- On September 20, 1880, after a three-month campaign by the Kamimachi town assembly, the prefectural governor gave in and permitted women's suffrage (of heads of household only), the first such breakthrough in Japan's history.
- 鎌倉時代末になると問丸は、港湾を所有する領主に隷属して仕事をするだけではなく、その港湾を利用する他の領主の要求にも応じ、年貢米の輸送管理を引き受けた。
- By the late Kamakura period, Toimaru functioned not only as subordinates to the landlords who owned the ports, but also as agents which managed the transports of nengumai as to meet the demands of other manor owners who used the ports.
- この時期には守護が自国の領内における荘園、公領の年貢を本家、領家や知行国主に対して請け負う守護請が広まったが、このような守護の権利も守護職と呼ばれた。
- In this period, Shugouke, the contract system that Shugo undertook nengu collection from shoen and koryo within Shugo's territory for honke, ryoke, and chigyo-kokushu (provincial proprietor) was spreading, and such a right was called shugo shiki.
- そこで受領は荘園への対抗手段として、主に軍事的に対応能力を有する武士身分の田堵負名に公領の経営と治安維持を委任することで、公領の維持を図ったのである。
- Consequently, as a measure against manors, zuryo entrusted the management of koryo and security duty mostly to the Tato fumyo with the samurai status who had military abilities, to maintain koryo.
- 最終的には、反乱勢力同士の対立がありつつも平氏政権の崩壊により源頼朝を中心とした主に坂東平氏から構成される関東政権(鎌倉幕府)の樹立という結果に至る。
- In the end, although there were divisions among the rebel forces, the destruction of the Taira clan government led to the establishment of the Kanto government (Kamakura bakufu) which mainly consisted of the Bando-Taira clan led by MINAMOTO no Yoritomo.
- また、大伴田主に贈った巻2・126には左注として漢文による物語が附されおり、それ以外の大伴家関係の歌に関しても遊びの要素が強いのだろうと目されている。
- Additionally, the 126th poem in Vol. 2 for OTOMO no Tanushi has a caption on the left with a story in Sino-Japanese, and it is believed that other poems related to the Otomo family were also playful instead.
- 準譜代大名(じゅんふだいだいみょう)外様大名の中で、幕閣において長年の功績のある大名を始めとして、主に血縁関係により譜代大名に準ずる家格の大名をいう。
- A quasi fudai daimyo refers to some tozama daimyo (outsider to the ruler) clans, who became treated as fudai daimyo clans (relative or very close to the ruler), mainly in regards to the blood relations to the ruling family of the Edo period in Japan, mainly because of their the clans' achievement over the time.
- (ただし、当時肉として主に使われていた豚肉には大量のビタミンB1が含まれているため、森鴎外の指示が行われていたら、脚気は発生しなかった可能性が高い)。
- However, pork, which the most consumed meat at the time contains a lot of vitamin B1, so if Ogai MORI's instruction had actually been carried out, beriberi might not have occurred.
- 長和2年(1013年)三条天皇の眼病平癒を内裏の裏仁殿において祈願し、権僧正に任じられ、寛仁3年(1019年)には僧正になり、同年天台座主にもなった。
- He was appointed to the Gonsojo (the lowest grade that can be held by one who has reached the highest rank in the hierarchy of Buddhist priests) when he prayed for the recovery of the Emperor Sanjo' eye disease at Urajin Hall of the Imperial Palace in 1013, and was appointed to the sojo (second highest rankling priest below a dai sojo) as well as Tendai-zasu (head priest of the Tendai sect) in 1019.
- 荘園と公領は前代に引き続き名田に分割編成され、百姓はこの名田の名主に補任(ぶにん)されて年貢(ねんぐ)、公事(くじ)、夫役(ぶやく)の納入責任を負った。
- Shoen and koryo were divided and organized into myoden as in the previous period, and hyakusho were appointed to nanushi (village headman) of the rice field lots to be responsible for payment of nengu (land tax), kuji (public duties), and buyaku (compulsory services).
- 関西地区各地からは出発地によってJR・私鉄各線を使い分けるが、京都駅周辺はJR・近鉄、四条河原町周辺は阪急・京阪のターミナルと主に二箇所に分散している。
- Although access from places in the Kansai area is via JR lines or private railroads, depending on the city of departure, these lines cluster into two areas: around Kyoto Station for the JR and Kintetsu lines, and around Shijo-Kawaramachi for the Hankyu and Keihan lines.
- 福知山市では和紙の原料となる良質のコウゾがよく取れたことに加え、上記の漆産業も盛んであったことから、主に漆をこすために使用される和紙の名産地とも栄えた。
- Fukuchiyama also flourished as a well-known production area for Washi paper mainly used to filter lacquer due to paper mulberries of good quality being harvested as raw materials for Washi paper, together with the active lacquer industry in Fukuchiyama City,
- 「主權が君主にあるか國家にあるかといふことを論ずるならばまだ事が判ってゐるけれども、ただ機關説がよいとか惡いとかいふ論議をすることは頗る無茶な話である。
- I can still understand if they argue about which of monarch or state has sovereign power, but it's really nonsense to discuss whether the Organ Theory is good or bad.'
- 編者は、洞院公定(とういん きんさだ、1340年 - 1399年)で、主に永和 (日本)3年(1377年)から応永2年(1395年)にかけて編纂された。
- The book was edited by Kinsada TOIN (1340-1399), and mainly compiled from 1377 to 1395.
- 荘園領主は、現地の有力農民(田堵など)を名主に任じ、荘園の現地経営を安定させると同時に、直属の預所を現地へ派遣するなどして、荘園支配の強化維持に努めた。
- Shoen owners appointed the local leading farmers (such as tato who managed the rice fields in shoen or kokuga domain) as myoshu (the class entrusted to manage myoden, rice field as a basic unit for tax levying), sent the direct subordinate azukari dokoro (appointed local shoen manager) to the local region as well as stabilized the local management of shoen and they did their best to strengthen and maintain the governance of shoen.
- 日本の学界では中国の荘園に対する理解(主に「世界史の基本原則」及び中世ヨーロッパの荘園との対比)について大きく分けると2説に分かれて論争が行われてきた。
- Concerning the understanding on Chinese shoens in Japanese academia (mainly the contrast between 'the basic principle of world history' and European shoens in medieval times), opinions have been divided roughly into two theories and disputed.
- 二代四郎兵衛の頃、延宝八年(1680年)検地帳に、二町六反七畝二歩の田と一町五反四畝二歩の畑を所有、三代治兵衛の頃には、田畑四町九反八畝の地主になった。
- During the time of the second head of the family, Shirobei, the family owned the fields measuring 2 cho 6 tan 7 se and 2 bu according to the cadastral register of 1680, and during the time of the third head Jihei, the family owned the fields measuring 4 cho 9 tan and 8 se.
- 経済的・軍事的な要衝である石山本願寺を拠点として、主に畿内を中心に本願寺派の寺を配置し、大名に匹敵する権力を有するようになり、教団は最盛期を迎えていた。
- Based at the economically and strategically important Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple, they built Hongan-ji school temples mainly in and around Kyoto and acquired power to match the Daimyos (Japanese territorial lords), in what was the sect's heyday.
- 永禄7年(1564年)には、三河国から今川氏を締め出す総仕上げ・吉田城 (三河国)(愛知県豊橋市)攻めで戦功を立て、そのまま、吉田城主に取り立てられた。
- In 1564, Tadatsugu achieved distinguished war services by completing the exclusion of the Imagawa Clan from Mikawa Province and attacking Yoshida Castle (in Mikawa Province) (Toyohashi City, Aichi Prefecture) and was immediately selected as the lord of Yoshida Castle.
- 現在の概念にあたる首都は1868年(明治元年)以来、主に「帝都」と称され、1950年(昭和25年)の「首都建設法」制定以降になって「首都」の語が普及した。
- The capital corresponding to the present concept of capital was established in 1868, since then it has been chiefly called 'the imperial capital,' and it was after the enactment of 'Law of Capital Construction' in 1950, that the term 'Capital' spread into general use.
- 主に上がる名前は猿飛佐助・霧隠才蔵・根津甚八・由利鎌之助・筧十蔵・三好政康・三好政勝・望月六郎・海野六郎・穴山小助(息子の真田大助を入れるケースもある)。
- Major names include Sasuke SARUTOBI, Saizo KUMOGAKURE, Jinpachi NEZU, Kamanosuke YURI, Juzo KAKEI, Masayasu MIYOSHI, Masakatsu MIYOSHI, Rokuro MOCHIZUKI, Rokuro UNNO and Kosuke ANAYAMA (in some cases his son Daisuke SANADA is also included).
- 建武の新政では、叔父である足利直義に支えられて鎌倉に置かれ、尊氏が建武政権から離反すると、父とともに南朝 (日本)と戦い、主に鎌倉において関東を統治した。
- Under the new Kenmu government he was placed in Kamakura with the support of his uncle, Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA, and fought the Southern Dynasty (Japan) alongside his father when Takauji became alienated from the Kenmu regime, mostly ruling the Kanto region in Kamakura.
- 19歳の頃からについては幾つかの説があり、主に「伊賀に渡り、忍者の弟子になった後、京へ出て盗賊になった」とか「奉公した男性の妻と駆け落ちした」などがある。
- There are several theories on his life from around the age of 19, the main ones of which include 'He went to Iga province and became a disciple of a ninja, and then he went to Kyoto and became a bandit,' and 'he eloped with the wife of a man he came to serve.'
- 主に男性を対象とした刑罰であったが、女性に宮刑を科す場合には、代わりに幽閉して強制労働させたとも言われているが実際に去勢された事例も若干数あったようである。
- This penalty was mostly conducted against male criminals, but it was also applied to female criminals in some cases such as confinement and forced labour instead; however, it also appears to be true that even female criminals were sterilized in some cases.
- そのため三都を中軸とする全国経済と各地の城下町を中心とする藩経済との複合的な経済システムが形成され、各地の特産物が主に大坂に集中し、そこから全国に拡散した。
- In this way, a complex economic system was formed, in which the nationalwide economy with three pivotal cities, Kyoto, Osaka and Edo, and the regional economy of each domain interacted with each other especially in Osaka, where local specialties all parts of the country were concentrated to distribute to all over Japan.
- 第二次世界大戦後は平和国家として再出発し、アメリカ合衆国の軍事的な保護の元、急激に海外文化(主にアメリカ文化)を吸収して経済発展を成し遂げた(神武景気等)。
- After World War II, Japan started out as a peaceful country and achieved economic development (Jimmu Boom and others), assimilating foreign cultures rapidly (mainly American culture) under the military protection of the U.S.A.
- 加地子(かじし)は、日本の中世において、荘園領主・国衙(国司)へ納入する年貢・地子の他に、名主などの在地領主に対して納入した米(作得米)を指す租税の一形態。
- The term Kajishi (加地子) means rice (sakutokumai) delivered as a tax to a resident land-owner like myoshu (owner of rice fields) in the Japanese medieval period on top of nengu (customs)/jishi (land tax) for the lord of shoen (manor)/kokuga (provincial government officials) (kokushi (provincial governor)).
- 武家政権の誕生以前の日本は、天皇親政、摂関政治、院政など、主に皇族や公家から構成される朝廷機構の中枢から、官人身分の国司を全国に派遣して統治が行われていた。
- In the pre-military government era in Japan, the Imperial Court mechanism, which included the Emperor's direct rule, the government of regents and advisers, and the cloister government and were formed mainly with Imperial families and Court nobles, supported the nucleus of the administration, and thus provincial governors who had authorities of government official were sent all over Japan to rule the nation.
- この頃、貧窮(主に「伝道士」が入信者に与えられる役割となり収益が減ったのと、家族が増加して支出が増したのが理由)のため妻子を甲府へ送り出し、独り韮崎に残る。
- At this time, he sent his wife and children to Kofu due to poverty (Since 'missionary' became a position given to new believers and his income lessened as well as consumption also increased with the increase of family members) and stayed alone at Nirasaki.
- 応永25年(1418年)、本庄左衛門(入道して西号、本庄元朝か元翁と見られる)が阿久原村を押領するも、鎌倉公方足利持氏が元の領主に返還するようにと命じている
- In 1418, Saemon HONJO (seems to have changed his name into 西号, 本庄元朝, or Genno after becoming a monk) seized Aguhara Village, however, Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, Kamakura Kubo (Governor-general of the Kanto region) ordered him to return the land to the previous lord.
- 責め絵(主に女性を縛った絵)で有名な伊藤晴雨がこの絵を見、芳年が本当に妊婦を吊るしたか気になり、妻の勧めで妊娠中の彼女を吊るして実験し、それを写真に収めた。
- Seiu ITO, who is famous for his torture paintings (especially paintings of women bound), duplicated the scene by really suspending upside down his pregnant wife, who volunteered herself, to photograph the scene to verify whether Yoshitoshi really suspended a pregnant woman upside down or not.
- 陽明の生前より、主に良知説における「無善無悪」の解釈をめぐり 王龍溪ら左派と朱子学に再接近しようとする銭緒山らは対立していたが、師の没後分裂が決定的となった。
- While Yangming was still alive, the left-wingers, including Wang Longxi, clashed with Qian Xushan's group, which was moving closer to Shushigaku again, mainly over the interpretation of 'muzen muaku' in the theory of ryochi, and after the death of their master, they split.
- しかし江戸家老色部安長(または千坂高房)が上杉の御家を守るために主人の前に立ちふさがり、「殿は吉良家の御当主にならず!上杉家の御当主でございますぞ!」と一喝。
- However, Edo chief retainer Yasunaga IROBE (also known as Takafusa CHISAKA) stood in his way to save the Uesugi family and shouted at his lord by saying 'you are supposed to be the head of the Uesugi family and not the Kira family.'
- 59年には箱館、横浜港、長崎港、新潟港、神戸港の5港を開港し(下田を閉鎖)、江戸や大阪などの市場が開放されて貿易が開始され、貿易相手国は主にイギリスであった。
- In 1859, five ports including Hakodate Port, Yokohama Port, Nagasaki Port, Niigata Port, Kobe Port (Shimoda Port was closed) were opened thus markets in cities such as Edo and Osaka were opened and started to trade primarily with England.
- 江戸時代の百姓身分とは、主たる生業が農業・手工業・商業のいずれかであるかを問わず、村に石高を持ち、領主に年貢を納める形で権利義務を承認された身分階層を指した。
- During the Edo period, a farming rank was one of social status in which a farmer had 'kokudaka' (crop yield) in his village and his duties and rights were approved by paying his nengu' (land tax) to the landlord, whichever his regular vocation was agriculture, labor industry, or commerce.
- 持為は、冷泉家の当主にはならなかったが、その実力を足利氏から認められ、独立した一家をもうけることが許され、兄の冷泉家とは別に同じ冷泉家を名乗ることも許された。
- Although Mochitame was not by right the head of the family, his ability was recognized by the Ashikaga clan and he was permitted to set up an independent family, separate from the Reizei family headed by his elder brother, but under the same Reizei name.
- 主に天皇の日常の動向が記述の中心であるが、宮廷行事や任官叙位、下賜進献などの宮中での出来事、皇族や女官の動向等、政治の表舞台には現れないような記事も見られる。
- Although the crux of the description is mainly the emperor's daily activities, the records also include topics that do not appear on the center stage of politics; articles about events in the Imperial court such as court ceremonies, conferrals of rank and office, imperial grants and tribute, and trends among the Imperial family or court ladies, etc.
- 日本で外貨両替を扱っているのは、主に銀行および空港などの両替窓口であるが、海外ではこれに加えて大都市および観光地などでも両替商を多く見かけるのが一般的である。
- While banks and exchange bureaus at airports mainly handle foreign money exchange in Japan, foreign exchange dealers are also found in major cities and sightseeing spots outside Japan.
- 横浜に設けられた日本レース・倶楽部で日本人としてはじめて参加が認められた日本人最初の馬主で、1875年には愛馬ミカンに騎乗して日本人馬主による初勝利をあげた。
- He was the first Japanese horse owner permitted to join Japan race club founded in Yokohama and rode his horse, Mikan, to become the first Japanese horse owner winning the race in 1875.
- 西南戦争(せいなんせんそう)とは、1877年(明治10年)に現在の熊本県・宮崎県・大分県・鹿児島県において西郷隆盛を盟主にして起こった士族による武力反乱である。
- The Seinan War was an armed uprising of warrior class led by Takamori SAIGO occurred in present Kumamoto, Miyazaki, Oita, and Kagoshima Prefectures in 1877.
- かつては遺跡が発掘される事自体が少なく、青銅器の出土量も少なかったため、銅矛は主に北九州周辺、銅鐸は近畿から東海地方にかけての地域で出土するという偏りがあった。
- Because ruins were less often excavated and neither were bronze wares before, there used to a biased distribution where dohoko were found mainly around northern Kyushu while dotaku were discovered in the area between Kinki and Tokai region.
- 戸主の権限は家の統率者としての権限であるため、同じ親族であり、親等が同じであったとしても、同じ家に属するか否かにより戸主による統率を受けるか否かが異なってくる。
- Because a head of a family has rights as leader of a family, even relatives which have the same level of degree of relationship must follow the head of the family as long as they live in the same household.
- ただし、中国では、「黄沙」などの名称は主に研究者の間で用いられており、一般には日本語の「黄砂」に当たるような黄砂現象全体を表現する言葉がほとんど浸透していない。
- However, in China, the term of '黄沙' is mostly used among the researchers concerned, and the term indicating the kosa phenomena as a whole, for example, the one corresponding to 'kosa' in Japan, is hardly used.
- 郡山城 (大和国)本丸に属する「常盤曲輪」は、一庵がここに屋敷を与えられたので、「本丸法印曲輪」といわれていたが、江戸時代に柳沢氏が藩主になった時に改称された。
- The 'Tokiwa Kuruwa' (walls of a castle) abutting the main keep of Koriyama-jo Castle(Yamato Province) were said to have been called 'Honmaru Hoin Kuruma,' sinceIchian was given a yashiki (mansion of a feudal lord) here, but they were renamed when the Yanagisawa clan took control of the domain in the Edo period.
- 高棟流平氏は実務官人の家系だったが、太政官の事務を処理する弁官を輩出していたのは別系統の平時範の子孫であり、時忠の系統は主に院や摂関家の家司として活動していた。
- The Takamune branch of the Taira clan was a family line to work as officials for practical matters, but a large number of benkan who were in charge of office work of the Dajokan (Great Minister of the Council of State) were mainly from another line, offspring of TAIRA no Tokinori, and people from the line to which Tokitada belonged worked mainly as keishi (officials of the agency of imperial family, noble, etc.) of In (retired emperors) and Sekkan-ke (the families which produced regents.
- 天正10年(1582年)、甲斐国武田氏滅亡後は、武田征伐に貢献したとして信濃国川中島に領地替えとなった長可に替わって美濃国金山城 (美濃国)の城主に任じられる。
- In 1582, after the fall of the Takeda clan of Kai Province, he was appointed to the lord of the Kaneyama-jo Castle in Mino Province, to take the place of Nagayoshi, who had been awarded a fief in Kawanakajima, Shinano Province, for his contribution to the conquest of the Takeda clan.
- 縄文時代早期中葉から晩期まで長期間にわたって存続するが、地域的分布は限定しており、東北地方北部から北海道南部にかけて主に分布し、それ以外の地方での出土は稀である。
- It existed for a long period from the early, middle to the end of Jomon period; however, it was distributed only in geographically limited area, mainly from the north of Tohoku region to the south of Hokkaido, and rarely discovered in other regions.
- 醒井渓谷の豊かな水を利用し、ニジマスを主に、アマゴ・イワナなど清流のみでしか生息することができない数々の淡水魚が生育されており、総面積は約19 ヘクタールである。
- Using the abundant water of Samegai Valley, freshwater fish that are found only in clean streams, such as red-spotted masu trout and Japanese char, as well as rainbow trout, are farmed in total land area of roughly 19 hectares.
- 運転系統は主に京都線内の梅田~河原町(昼間時間帯は高槻市まで)と、千里線に乗り入れる梅田~淡路~北千里、天下茶屋~(堺筋線)~天神橋筋六丁目~淡路~高槻市である。
- The principal operation routes are as follows: the route within the Kyoto Line, between Umeda Station and Kawaramachi Station (during the daytime up to Takatsukishi Station); the route running on the track of the Senri Line between Umeda Station and Kita-senri Station via Awaji Station; and the route that connects Tengachaya Station (through the Sakaisuji Line) with Tenjinbashisuji-rokuchome Station and then goes to Takatsukishi Station via Awaji Station.
- 日記中の記述(上手とは言えないが、和歌さえつくっている)を見る限り、読み書きに充分な教養があったことは確かである(読み書きは主に外祖父別府四郎兵衛から教わった)。
- As far as we can judge on descriptions in the diaries (he even created waka poems, although we cannot say they were good), he was certain to have enough education for reading and writing, (and he learned reading and writing from his maternal grandfather, Shirobei BEPPU).
- 戸主は、家の統率者として家族に対する扶養義務を負う(ただし、配偶者、直系卑属、直系尊属による扶養義務のほうが優先)ほか、主に以下のような権能(戸主権)を有していた。
- A head of a family has duty of support for family members, as leader of a family (however, the duty of support by a spouse, direct descendants, and direct ancestors are prioritized.), and the other capabilities and powers of a head of a family are listed below.
- 知藩事は中央政府から任命される地方官であり、藩の領域も藩主に支配権が安堵された「所領」ではなく、地方官である知藩事が中央政府から統治を命じられた「管轄地」とされた。
- Prefectural governors were local officials appointed by the central government, and the territories of the former han areas were not 'shoryo (territory)' whose ownership was approved by the shogun but 'jurisdictional areas' which the governors were ordered by the central government to govern.
- 以上は主に鎌倉幕府後期に得宗専制の立場から編纂されたと考えられる後代史書『吾妻鏡』の記述によった事件の経過だが、事件の背景としてはさらに次のようなことが考えられる。
- The above is the progress of the incident described in the history book 'Azuma Kagami', assumedly compiled in the last years of the Kamakura bakufu from the viewpoint of the tyrannical Tokuso, but the further background of the incident was considered as follows.
- この中には院政を行わなかった後陽成上皇を先例とする(院政の否定)事、五摂家当主による合議制を事実上の朝廷の最高意思決定機関とする事などを取り決めた(『東武実録』)。
- This memorandum included the rules that the emperor should make a precedent of the retired Emperor Goyozei who did not rule as the cloistered emperor (denial of a cloister government) and that the council system operated by the heads of Gosekke (five top Fujiwara families whose members were eligible for the positions of Sessho and Kanpaku) should be virtually the supreme decision-making body of the imperial court ('Tobujitsuroku').
- 年季が明けた後、嶋原の屋形でお茶屋である『輪違屋』の当主に「太夫の一人が辞めてしまう、太夫になってみないか」と声をかけられ、23歳で太夫となり、『司太夫』と名乗る。
- After terminating the term of the service, she received the offer of the owner of 'Wachigaiya,' a yakata and ochaya (teahouse where maiko or geisha perform their accomplishments) in Shimabara District, who proposed the post of Tayu, saying, 'one of our Tayu left out our house, wouldn't you like to be Tayu?' and in this way she became Tayu at the age of 23 and announced herself as 'Tsukasa Tayu.'
- 主に後陽成天皇(107代)・後水尾天皇(108代)の二代にわたり朝廷に仕えたが、清華家の三条家当主でありながら大臣になれず、惜しまれて死後に内大臣を追贈されている。
- He mostly served the Imperial Court for two generations, Emperor Goyozei (the 107th) and Emperor Gomizunoo (the 108th), however, even though he was the head of the Sanjo family of the Seiga family (the second highest family status for court nobles), he could not become a minister, and after his death, he was sorely missed and conferred Naidaijin (minister of the center) posthumously.
- 有人改札口の方は、現在、駅前道路拡張事業が行われており、比較的発展しており、主に住宅地だが、しばらく西に向かって歩くと、国道9号線があり、商業施設が建ち並んでいる。
- A road-expansion project is going on in front of the manned ticket gates, the side that is relatively developed and mainly residential, but slightly further to the west is National Route 9, along which commercial facilities can be found along the roadside.
- 慶長2年(1597年)7月に元均率いる朝鮮水軍による攻勢があり、反撃により漆川梁海戦で朝鮮水軍を壊滅に追い込んだ日本軍は8月より主に全羅道から忠清道へ攻勢を掛けた。
- In August and September of 1597, there was an attack by the Korean army led by Won Gyun; the Japanese army responded it by devastating the Korean army in the naval Battle of Chilcheollyang, and beginning to attack mainly the area between Jeolla-do and Chungchong-do from September.
- 永正3年(1506年)に小田原周辺で指出検地(在地領主に土地面積・年貢量を申告させる検地)を実施しているが、これは、戦国大名による検地として最古の事例とされている。
- In 1506, Soun ordered an inspection of the land around Odawara in order to determine its size and to decide land taxes paid by peasants, considered to be the first such inspection performed by a Sengoku daimyo.
- 義元が隠居したため、家督を譲られて当主になったという説があるが、その後も義元は政治・軍事の主導権を掌握していたため、恐らくは形式的な家督相続であったものと思われる。
- One view states that because Yoshimoto retired he was made into the head of the family, but because Yoshimoto continued to hold administrative and military leadership the passing down of the family leadership was presumably only in form.
- 物売り(ものうり)とは路上で移動しながら、主に鳴り物や独特の売り声を発しながら呼び込みをして食事を提供したり、物品などを販売、修理や古物や廃品の買取や交換をする者。
- Monouri is a street vendor who sells foods or goods, serves as a repairman, buys old things or wastes, or exchanges these things for some goods, traveling by attracting people with musical instruments and distinctive calls.
- 九州説は距離表記が誤っていると考える研究者(「誤記説」、主に東京大学系、白鳥庫吉及び内藤湖南を参照)あるいは榎一雄に代表される「放射説」を取る研究者に多く見られた。
- The Kyushu theory was found among researchers who doubted the description of distance ('the writing error theory,' mainly held in connection with the University of Tokyo; see Kurakichi SHIRATORI and Konan NAITO for details) or researchers who took 'the radial journey theory' as represented by Kazuo ENOKI.
- その後は中国攻略を進める羽柴秀吉の軍に属し、天正9年(1581年)には吉川経家が守る鳥取城攻略で戦功を挙げたため、因幡国鹿野城主に任命され、1万3500石を領した。
- After that, he belonged to the army of Hideyoshi HASHIBA, pursuing the capture of Chugoku region, and in 1581, he distinguished himself in battle for the capture of Tottori-jo Castle that Tsuneie KIKKAWA defended, which made him appointed as the lord of Shikano-jo Castle in Inaba Province with 13,500 koku (crop yield).
- 1331年に後醍醐天皇が討幕運動を起こし、京都を脱出して笠置山 (京都府)に拠った元弘の乱では幕府が編成した鎮圧軍に従軍し、主に京都において事後処理を担当している。
- In 1331, at the onset of the Genko War, which Emperor Godaigo had instigated by raising an army against the shogunate, removing himself from the capital (Kyoto) and setting up a base on Kasagi-yama Mountain, Doyo joined the shogunate army to put down the rebellion, and had been mainly in charge of implementing measures after the war in Kyoto had finished.
- 従来は幕府から個々の領主に対して、領地判物・朱印状などの所領給付を示す文書を与えていたが、寛文4年3月7日 (旧暦)に全国の大名に対して一旦これを返納する事を命じた。
- Documents cncerning the granting of fiefs, such as ryochi-hanmono and shuinjo, used to be issued to individual owners at different times, but the bakufu gave an order to all daimyo over the nation to return such documents to it, on March 7 (according to old lunar calendar), 1664.
- 明和2年(1765年)以降は金座および銀座 (歴史)が鋳銭事業を兼任することになり、それまで主に民間の商人による請負事業であった銭座が金座の統制下に置かれる事となった。
- After 1765, kin-za and zin-za (see the article of gin-za [history]) also were in charge of the operation of casting coins and as a result gin-za which had been a contracting business by private merchants was under the regulation of kin-za.
- 一君万民論(いっくんばんみんろん)はただ一人の君主にのみ生来の権威・権限を認め、その他の臣下・人民の間には原則として一切の差別・身分差を認めないとする思想・主張である。
- Ikkunbanmin-ron is a theory in which constitutional authority is given to only one ruler, and under this sovereignty any discrimination and distinction from social status shold not be allowed among all other people.
- 縄文前期から中期にかけては最も典型的な縄文文化が栄えた時期であり、現在は三内丸山遺跡と呼ばれる場所に起居した縄文人たちが保持していたのも、主にこの時期の文化形式である。
- From the early to middle Jomon period was the time when the most typical Jomon culture flourished; the characteristics of this Jomon culture can be observed in the belongings of the Jomon people who lived at the remains called Sannai-Maruyama today.
- 非人(ひにん)は、主に、(1)日本中世の特定職能民・芸能民の呼称であり、次第に被差別民の呼称となり、(2)江戸時代には、穢多(えた、長吏)とともに賎民身分の呼称である。
- The term Hinin is used to describe mainly (1) persons who worked in special occupations or as entertainers in feudal Japan; however they gradually became victims of discrimination, and (2) in the Edo Period, Hinin as well as Eta (Chori) were described as people of the lower classes.
- 問題点としては、京都は「都」(都・京)であるが、首都(capital)という語が使われるのは主に戦後以降のことであり、「首都」に法令上の定義・規定ないことがあげられる。
- One problem with this argument is that, although Kyoto means capital, the term capital mainly came to be used after the Second World War, and is not defined or specified by any laws or ordinances.
- 仲麻呂は唐の朝廷で主に文学畑の役職を務めたことから、李白・王維・儲光羲ら数多くの唐詩人と親交していたらしく、『全唐詩』には彼に関する唐詩人の作品がいくつか現存している。
- As Nakamaro mainly assumed the posts of the literature department in the Imperial Court of Tang, he seemed to have fellowship with many Tang poets including Li Po (Rihaku), Wei WANG and Chu Guang-xi, and 'Zentoshi' (The Whole Collection of Tang Poetry) contains several poems of Tang poets featuring Nakamaro.
- 表高は、多くの場合、江戸幕府公認の検地によって打ち出された石高の額面で、代替わりごとに新当主に対し主君である将軍が発給する所領安堵の朱印状に、所領の地名とともに記される。
- Omotedaka refers to, in many cases, the face value of kokudaka figured out from land survey certified by the Edo bakufu, and it was written, along with the name of the territory, in shuinjo (a vermillion seal letter) of shoryo ando (act of providing authorization for land ownership and guaranteeing feudal tenure) issued by the shogun, who was also lord, to a new owner every replacement.
- 1936年に三栗谷用水は古河鉱業から事業資金の一部8万5千円を提供させ、取水口の改良工事を行い、それまでの渡良瀬川からの直接取水から、伏流水を主に取水する方式に変更した。
- In 1936, the union of Mikuriya Yosui managed to get 85,000 yen from Furukawa Mining as funds for the project to improve the intake; before the works, they had drawn water directly from Watarase-gawa River, however, after the works, they began to draw water from the undercurrent.
- 天文密奏(てんもんみっそう)とは、古代の東アジアにおいて、異常な天文現象が観測された場合に、その観測記録と占星術による解釈(占言)を内密に君主に対して上奏することを指す。
- Tenmon misso was a practice in ancient East Asia whereby observation of unusual astronomical phenomenon was confidentially reported to the monarch along with observations and astrological divination (prediction.)
- 全体計画の完成には至らず、主に練習場の用途であったが、もう少し戦争が長引いていれば福知山市も空襲の対象になっていたのではないかともいわれるほど、当時の軍事拠点でもあった。
- The whole plan was never completed, and the airport was mainly used for practice, but, it is said that since Fukuchiyama was a military hub at the time, Fukuchiyama City may have been the target of an air attack if the war had persisted a bit longer.
- ただし能久親王は実際には比叡山延暦寺座主につく機会がなかったが、江戸時代においては延暦寺ではなく寛永寺が天台宗を管轄したため、彼が天台座主でなかったというのは正確でない。
- Although Imperial Prince Yoshihisa did not actually have an opportunity to serve as zasu of Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei, it is not correct to say that he was not Tendai-zasu because the Tendai Sect was administered by Kanei-ji Temple, not by Enryaku-ji Temple.
- しかし、この記事が、ヤマト王権において、服属させた周辺の豪族を県主として把握し、県主によって支配される領域を県(アガタ)と呼んでいたことを伝えていると考えることはできる。
- However, it can be thought that these articles refer to the fact that, during the Yamato Dynasty, powerful families of areas loyal to the court were controlled by being appointed agatanushi and that the areas ruled by agatanushi were called agata.
- そこで、10世紀後期ごろから、臨時の事業の費用を賄うため、ある国が料国(りょうごく)として指定され、料国の国司は主に公田(国衙領)を対象として臨時雑役を課するようになった。
- For this reason, in order to cover the expenses of such incidental events, from the late tenth century, a particular province was designated as a ryogoku and the kokushi (governor) of that ryogoku imposed temporary tasks mainly on the owners of koden (or kokugaryo - territories governed by a provincial government office).
- しかし、柏尾や村上と同じ六番隊ではあるが、清河の幕府への裏切りとも取れる行動に反発した隊員、近藤・芹沢ら主に八木家宿泊組と、根岸友山一派らは壬生村に残る事となり袂を別かつ。
- However, those who were members of the Roshigumi like Kashio and Murakami but protested against Kiyokawa's action, which appeared to be betrayal of the bakufu, including Kondo, Serizawa, and others, mainly those staying at the Yagi Residence, and the Yuzan NEGISHI's group decided to remain at Mibu Village to split from the Roshigumi.
- 「仏殿」という名称は、『日本書紀』にも見え、仏堂一般を指す語として用いられる場合もあるが、日本では主に禅宗寺院の本尊(多くは釈迦如来)を安置する堂の名称として使われている。
- The name 'butsuden' (also meaning 'Buddha hall') is recorded in 'Nihon Shoki' (The Chronicles of Japan) and is used as an alternative name for 'butsudo,' but in Japan is mainly used in the context of the halls that enshrine the principal object of Zen sect temples (often Buddha Shakyamuni).
- 主に大都市ではタクシーが多過ぎることや、予約せずに飛び込む客や駅待ちの客がそれほど少なくないこと、乗務員のほとんどが携帯電話を持っていることなどにより、無線のない車もある。
- Especially in large cities, partly because there are quite a few customers who flag down a taxi on a street without reservation or take a taxi at a station and partly because most taxi drivers have their own cell phones, there are some taxis without a wireless system.
- 安政5年(1858年)に第13代藩主・徳川家茂(当時は慶福)が第14代征夷大将軍に就任すると、幕命によりその後を受けて紀州徳川家の家督を継ぎ、紀州藩の第14代藩主に就任した。
- In 1858, when the 13th lord Iemochi TOKUGAWA (his given name was Yoshitomi in those days) assumed power as the 14th seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians'), Mochitsugu succeeded Iemochi as the head of the Kishu Tokugawa Family by the order of the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and assumed a post of the 14th lord of the Kishu Domain.
- 天正13年(1585年)、紀州征伐の後に秀吉の弟・豊臣秀長が紀伊国の領主になると、同年5月に大坂城で秀吉から秀長の家老職を命ぜられ、3万石への加増を受けて和歌山城代となった。
- When Hideyoshi's younger brother, Hidenaga TOYOTOMI, became the lord of Kii Province in 1585 after the conquest of Kishu, Shigeharu was appointed to a position of Karo (chief retainer) of Hiednaga by Hideyoshi at the Osaka-jo Castle in May of the same year, and became the keeper of Wakayama-jo Castle with properties increased to those yielding 30,000 koku (approximately 5,411.7 cubic meters of crop yields) in total.
- 江戸時代に入ると、玉藻前は酒呑童子、崇徳上皇(崇徳の大天狗)と並んで日本三大悪妖怪と言われ、歌舞伎や多くの小説・漫画・雑誌・文庫などに、主に悪役として多く登場することとなった。
- In the Edo period, Tamamo no Mae was included as one of the three worst Japanese monsters along with Shutendoji (boy-faced giant) and the retired Emperor Sutoku (long-nosed goblin king of Sutoku), and she was featured in many kabuki performances, novels, comics, magazines, and paperbacks usually as an evil character.
- 延暦3年(784年)に伊福部富成が編纂した同氏の系譜である『因幡国伊福部臣古志』によれば、父伊福部久遅良(くぢら)と母熊媛(くまひめ)との間の子で、同氏の26代目当主にあたる。
- According to 'Inaba no Kuni Ifukube no Omi Koshi,' the genealogy of Ifukube clan compiled by Ifukube no Tomishige in 784, Ifukube no tsumuji is the child between his father, Ifukube no kujira and his mother, Kumahime, and he is the twenty sixth generation of the Ifukube clan.
- 主に西国武士を率いて平氏を滅亡させた義経の多大な戦功は、恩賞を求めて頼朝に従っている東国武士達の戦功の機会を奪う結果になり、鎌倉政権の基盤となる東国御家人達の不満を噴出させた。
- Yoshitsune's remarkable military contributions in defeating the Taira clan were mainly achieved with the participation of the Saigoku (western Japan) warriors, and this lead to a deprivation of Togoku (eastern Japan) warriors' opportunities to render distinguished services, and consequently, provoked the discontent of the lower-ranking vassals (gokenin) of eastern Japan.
- 神武天皇2年、功を定め、道臣命は築坂邑に大来目を畝傍山の西に居住させ、椎根津彦を倭国造に、弟猾を猛田邑の県主、弟磯城を磯城の県主に任じ、高皇産霊尊の子孫の剣根を葛城国造に任じた。
- In 659 B.C., he 功を定め, and made Michinoomi-no-mikoto reside in Tsukisakamuro, Okume reside in the west of Mount Unebi, while he appointed Shiinetsuhiko as Yamato no kuni no miyatsuko, Otokashi as Agata-nushi (District Chieftain) of Takeda no mura, Otoshiki as Agata-nushi of Shiki and Tsurugine, a descendant of Takamimusubi no mikoto, as Kazuraki no Kuni no miyatsuko.
- 鎌倉時代、室町時代、江戸時代では、武家の守護神である八幡神自体が「八幡大菩薩」と称されるように神仏習合によるものであったため、幕府や地方領主によって保護され、祈祷寺として栄えた。
- The Shinto deity, Hachiman-shin, which served as the guardian deity of samurai families was a product of this syncretism as is suggested by his name 'Hachiman Bosatsu' and as a result he received the devout protection and worship of the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) as well as local feudal lords throughout the Kamakura, Muromachi and Edo periods.
- 主に電気ブレーキを装備した自社の車両が鞍馬までの運転、叡山線の車両が比較的平坦な二軒茶屋までの区間運転に用いられていたが、叡山線所有のデナ21形も鞍馬まで乗り入れることがあった。
- Mainly Kurama Denki Tetsudo's own cars, equipped with electric brakes, were operated up to Kurama, while cars on the Eizan Line were running on a comparatively flat section up to Nikenchaya, but sometimes electric cars, Type DENA 21 of Eizan Line were also used up to Kurama.
- なお、聖徳太子の事績や伝説については、それらが主に掲載されている古事記日本書紀の編纂が既に死後1世紀近く経っていることや記紀成立の背景を反映して、脚色が加味されていると思われる。
- As the Kojiki and the Nihonshoki, which are the main sources of the achievements and legends of Shotoku Taishi, were compiled about a century after his death, and by taking into account the circumstances behind their compilation, it is believed that the descriptions were somewhat dramatized.
- テレビ朝日の大株主(かつては筆頭株主、現在は第2位。テレ朝株の16%を保有している)としても有名であり、同時に(テレビ朝日が)同社の筆頭株主にもなっている(東映株の11%を保有)。
- It is also famous for being a major shareholder of TV Asahi Corporation (it was the largest shareholder but is currently the second largest with a 16% share) while TV Asahi is Toei's top shareholder with an 11% share.
- 主に都市部において、買占めなどによる物価高騰の原因とされた者に対して行われることが多いが、一揆に伴って、領主の悪政と結びついたとされた特権商人や村役人に対して行われることもあった。
- People who were considered to cause the price increase by buying up goods were often attacked by Uchikowashi mainly in urban areas, but with uprisings, sometimes privilege merchants and village officers who were considered to link to maladministration of their feudal lord were also attacked.
- これにより、土地に対して重層的にあった中世的な中間権利である様々な職が否定され、耕作者は直接領主に納税することとなり、農村にいた中間搾取者としての武士はほぼ一掃されることとなった。
- As a result, the legitimacy of the positions of a great many medieval-period middleman tax collectors and the like were repudiated, since now cultivators were paying taxes directly to their local lords; at the agricultural village level, Hideyoshi's survey had eliminated nearly all the extortionist middleman warriors who lived off others' effort in one clean sweep.
- 藤原京の頃を頂点として、次第に政事庶務の中心が朝堂院から周辺官衙に移っていき、平安京の頃にはその規模は縮小され、朝賀や即位、饗宴など、主に朝廷の盛典、儀礼に用いられるようになった。
- After the peak period of Fujiwara-kyo (the Fujiwara Palace; the ancient capital of Fujiwara), the center of political and general affairs had gradually shifted from the chodoin to the kanga (government office) around them, and by the time of Heian-kyo (the ancient capital of Japan in current Kyoto), the scale of the chodoin had been reduced; as such, the chodoin came to be used mainly for rituals and ceremonies of the Imperial Court such as Choga (New Year's greetings or well-wishes offered by retainers to the Emperor), enthronement and a banquet.
- 従来、12世紀頃の作品で、作者は似絵の名手・藤原隆信とされてきたが、制作年代を鎌倉末期~南北朝時代まで下降させ、像主についても足利尊氏・足利直義・足利義詮ではないかとする説もある。
- It was previously believed that they were created during the 12th century by master portrait painter FUJIWARA no Takanobu, but there are theories that date the image anywhere from the late Kamakura to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts and speculate that the model may have been Takauji ASHIKAGA, Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA or Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA.
- 則宗の養嗣子である浦上祐宗の跡を継いで浦上氏の当主になったと見られるものの、肝心の家督相続の経緯、時期については永正年間前半の祐宗、村宗の動向を示す史料が少ない為、はっきりしない。
- The process of how and when Muramune succeeded to the family headship is not clear because there were few historical materials about the movement of Sukemune and Muramune in the beginning of the Eisho era, although Muramune is thought to become a head of the Uragami clan by succeeding Sukemune URAGAMI, an adopted heir of Norimune,
- 記録によると13人の領主が割り当てられた十三給という村落も存在した(なお、岡山藩領の邑久郡尾張村(現在の岡山県瀬戸内市)では享保年間に26人の領主に分割されていたとする記録がある)。
- It is recorded that there were some villages whose territorial form was jusan (13)-kyu with the assignment of 13 feudal lords (even there is a record that a village called Owari-mura located in Oku County [present Setouchi City, Okayama Prefecture], a territory of Okayama Domain, was shared by as many as 26 lords during the Kyoho era).
- 平成5年(1993年)夏、軽井沢静養の折り大型犬が紀子妃に抱かれた眞子内親王の眼前まで飛び上がり、驚いた飼い主に対し紀子妃が「お友だちになりたいのね」と咄嗟にフォローしたことがある。
- In the summer of 1993 while resting in Karuizawa, there was a surprising episode where a large-sized dog suddenly jumped just before the eyes of Princess Mako held in the arms of her mother (Princess Kiko), but she used her wit to get through the situation by saying to the surprised dog's owner 'Oh, the dog wants to be my friend.'
- もっとも、義央は領地を殆ど訪れた形跡がないことから(領地に入ったことが確認されているのは僅か一度のみ)、地元での評価は汚名を着せられた領主に対する同情によるところが大きいと思われる。
- However, there was no trace of Yoshihisa's visit to his territory (it was confirmed that Yoshihisa went to his territory only once), so it is considered that he was appreciated in the place he came from mainly because the people seemed to have sympathized with their lord, who had been slain.
- 天下統一(てんかとういつ/てんがとういつ)は、主に日本の戦国時代 (日本)から江戸時代初期にかけて、日本全土(琉球と蝦夷の大半を除く)を、自らの支配下に置き日本全土を統一する事を指す。
- Tenka-toitsu (or Tenga-toitsu) refers to the act of putting the whole country of Japan (except for most parts of Ryukyu and Ezo [inhabited area of Ainu]) under own control and unifying it, mainly during the period from the Seongoku Period (Period of Warring State) to the early Edo period.
- 後世の実務の参考となるよう、先例を書き留めておく必要があることから、詳細な日記を残すことも求められ、勧修寺流は「日記の家」と称されるようになり、各家当主による日記も豊富に残されている。
- As they were required to leave detailed diaries which recorded historical precedents for future reference, the Kajuji/Kanjuji ryu were called 'the family of diaries,' and a number of diaries by the heads of the various families are still in existence today.
- 京都七条における元禄13年3月より宝永5年(1708年)1月までの鋳造高は1,736,684貫文(1,736,684,000枚)に上り、主に伊予国立川銅山(別子銅山)の産銅が用いられた。
- The amount of coins minted at Shichijo, Kyoto during a period from April 1700 to January 1708 recorded 1,736,684 kanmon (1,736,684,000 coins), and copper produced from Tatsukawadozan Copper mine (Besshidozan Copper mine), Iyo Province was mainly used.
- また、1962年(昭和37年)より1968年(昭和43年)まで現行と同じ区間を運行した準急列車の列車愛称として用いた関係もあり、本節では主に山陰本線の京都駅発着列車群についてを記載する。
- Because the name was also used for a semi-express train operated in the same section from 1962 to 1968, this section mainly describes trains that arrive at and depart from Kyoto Station and run on the Sanin Main Line.
- 主に行われたのは遣唐使のような遣外使節や逆に外国使者の送迎使節に対して任命される例、地方行政の安定化のために郡司などに対して借位を行い、その統治の成績によって実際に叙位する場合があった。
- Common cases of shakui were appointment of officials as Kento-shi (Japanese envoy to Tang Dynasty China) or as an envoy to receive foreign messengers, and shakui against gunji (district managers) for the purpose of stabilizing the local administration; in the latter cases, if gunji governed his district well, he was actually promoted in some cases.
- 日清戦争(にっしんせんそう、中国語甲午戦争、第一次中日戦争、英語)は、1894年(明治27年)7月から1895年(明治28年)4月にかけて行われた主に朝鮮王朝をめぐる大日本帝国と清の戦争。
- Japanese-Sino War (Kogo war in Chinese, First Sino-Japanese war in English) is a war fought between the Empire of Japan and the Quing Dynasty over Korean Dynasties from July 1894 through April 1895.
- 会社自体は大手の中では後発だが、戦前の日活の製作機構を主に引き継いでいる(発足時に合併で得た新興=帝キネの製作部門は戦後に分離し東映の母体となる)ため伝統ある老舗として語られることが多い。
- Although a late starter among the leading motion picture companies in Japan, Daiei was regarded a respected, longstanding company because it mainly inherited Nikkatsu Corporation's prewar film-making organization including the production division of Shinko Cinema (formerly known as the Teikoku Cinema) which was merged at the time of establishment and was split in the postwar period to become a parent organization of Toei Company, Ltd.
- 「運上は領主が負担者に命じて納めさせるものであるが、冥加は負担者が領主による冥加である国恩に対する自主的な奉納の体裁を採っていた(もっともそれが本当に自主的であるかどうかは別問題である)」
- 'While Unjo was paid by tax payers according to the order of lords, Myoga was paid voluntarily in the form of an offering for kokuon, Myoga given by the lords (however, it is another matter whether it was really paid voluntarily).'
- これに替わって平安時代中期以後に不輸の権 (日本)などを獲得した寄進地系荘園を経営基盤として現地に預所を派遣するとともに、現地の有力者や農民を荘官・名主に任命して国衙からの支配に対抗した。
- Replacing the systems, after the mid Heian period, the government dispatched azukari dokoro (estate custodian) to the local estates based on shoen that consisted of donated lands that had been granted Fuyu no ken (the right of tax exemption) or the like as a business foundation, and also appointed the local magnate or influential farmer to shokan (estate officer) or myoshu (local landowner and cultivator) to oppose the rule of kokuga (provincial government office).
- 当時、国衙領からの租税収取を確保するために、国内が古代的な郡・郷から中世的な郡・郷・保という単位に再編成されていたが、これを管轄する郡司・郷司・保司に任命されたのも、主に在庁官人であった。
- At that time in Japan, to ensure the tax collection from the kokuga region, ancient units such as gun and go were reorganized into medieval units such as gun, go, and ho, and zaichokanjin were mainly appointed as gunshi, goshi, and hoshi who supervised these units.
- 特に足利義満の猶子となった25世満済は、応永3年(1396年)に醍醐寺座主に任じられ、続いて准三后となり、後には足利義教の室町幕府征夷大将軍擁立にも活躍したため、「黒衣の宰相」と呼ばれた。
- 25th head priest Mansai, who became the adopted son of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, was appointed head priest of Godai-ji Temple in 1396 before being given the imperial title Ju-Sango and later going on to become referred to as 'Kokui no Saisho' (Buddhist priest who also serves as a government minister) for his backing of the Muromachi Shogun Yoshinori ASHIKAGA.
- 児童教育については、『蒙求』・『千字文』・『李嶠百廿詠』が主に用いられ、後に藤原公任が『和漢朗詠集』、藤原宗忠が『作文大体』、三善為康が『続千字文』・『童蒙頌韻』を著すとこれらも用いられた。
- For children's education, 'Mogyu,' 'Senjimon' and 'Rikyo Hyakunijuei' were primarily used, with 'Wakan Roeishu' written by FUJIWARA no Kinto, 'Sakumon Daitai' written by FUJIWARA no Munetada, 'Zoku Senjimon' and 'Domoshoin' written by MIOSHI no Tameyasu later added to the list of textbooks.
- 新田一族中でも義貞とともに上京した者と鎌倉や新田荘に残った者にわかれ、前者は主に義貞に従い、後者や山名時氏や岩松氏・大舘氏・里見氏・世良田氏・大島氏などは主として足利氏に従い北朝方となった。
- The Nitta family was divided into those who came up to Kyoto with Yoshisada, and those who remained in Kamakura and Nitta no sho estate, and the former mostly followed Yoshisada, while the latter, and Tokiuji YAMANA, the Iwamatsu clan, Odachi clan, Satomi clan, Serada clan and Oshima clan mainly followed Takauji and belonged to the Northern Court.
- これは、いわゆるバブル景気以降の大都市における地価の高騰で、新幹線で通勤・通学が可能な郊外(主に東京への通勤・通学を目的に栃木県、群馬県、静岡県東部が多い)の住宅に住む人が増えたためである。
- This is because, in and after the bubble economy era, the price of land in large cities rose steeply, and many came to live in the suburbs from where they could commute to their offices or schools if using Shinkansen (mostly in Tochigi Prefecture, Gunma Prefecture and the east part of Shizuoka Prefecture for commuting to offices or schools in Tokyo).
- この時期の内閣改造では、陸軍の非主流派や不拡大派の石原莞爾らが、以前閣僚にと考えていた人たちが主に入閣し、これにより軍部を抑える考えがあったものとされるが、板垣は結局「傀儡」となり失敗した。
- Since during this cabinet reshuffle, most of those who became cabinet members were ones that the Army fringe and the nonaggression faction, including Kanji ISHIWARA, had in mind, it can be considered that there was an intention to suppress the military, but in the end, Itagaki was unsuccessful and regarded as a 'puppet.'
- 故に、家庭や居留国の日本語補習校などで日本語教育を受けた人物も少数ながらも存在はするものの、三世や四世の世代で日本語を話すことが出来る人々は主に外国語として日本語を学んだ人々である場合が多い。
- A small number of Japanese have had Japanese education in their families and Japanese schools in the countries where they live, but most of the third and fourth generations who can speak Japanese learned it as a foreign language.
- 主に租税収入は稲穀として不動穀(必要に応じて災害・飢饉に対する臨時出費及び穎稲の補充・増強に回す場合もある)に、出挙の利息は穎稲(正税稲/出挙稲)として出挙本稲及び諸経費にあてることが行われた。
- The yield of tax was mainly allotted to fudokoku staple as tokoku (when needed, it was allotted to the emergency expense for disaster and famine, and the fund to refill or enhance the eito), and the interest on suiko was to suiko honto and sundry expenses as eito (shozeito [rice paid as shozei] or suikoto [loaned rice plant]).
- 公家に由来する華族を公家華族、江戸時代の藩主に由来する華族を大名華族(諸侯華族)、国家への勲功により華族に加えられたものを新華族(勲功華族)、臣籍降下した元皇族を皇親華族、と区別することがある。
- Kazoku is sometimes further divided into the following: Kuge kazoku that originated in kuge (court nobles); Daimyo kazoku (or Shoko kazoku) that originated in the lords of the domains in the Edo period; Shin kazoku (or Kunko kazoku) who were raised to the kazoku class due to their distinguished contributions to the nation; and Koshin kazoku who descended from the class of the Imperial family to the class of the subjects.
- 鎌倉時代を通じ、主に軍事警察権と東国支配を担当する武家政権(鎌倉幕府)に相対して、政務一般と西国支配を所掌する公家政権(朝廷)が存在しており、両政権がおおむね協調連携しながら政務にあたっていた。
- Throughout the Kamakura period, not only the military government (Kamakura bakufu) which mainly took charge of military and police authorities and the dominion of Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly the Kanto region), but also the kuge government (chotei) which dealt with governmental affairs and ruling of Seigoku (the western part of Japan) co-existed, and the both attended the government in cooporation.
- 王政復古(おうせいふっこ, restoration)は、かつて君主によって統治されていた国家において、一度はクーデターや内戦などによって廃止された君主制が、何等かの理由によって復活することである。
- 'Oseifukko' refers to a country once ruled by a monarch before the monarchy was abolished by coups or civil wars, but then restored its monarchy for some reason.
- 同類身分として「下人」があり、「下人・所従」と総称されることが多いが、下人は「百姓下人」などと上層農民に付属する隷属民を指すのに対し、所従は「地頭所従」などと主に武家の隷属民を指すことが多かった。
- There existed 'Genin' (underlings) as a close parallel to Shoju and two of them were often used in pair as 'Genin - Shoju'; generally, Genin meant the slaves of upper class farmers and were called 'Hyakusho Genin' (Genin of farmers), while Shoju meant the slaves of a military family and was called 'Jito Genin' (Genin of jito - manager and lord of manor.)
- また、他にもこの事業により景観が大きく損なわれるとして、主に鞆の浦の歴史的景観の保全を求める人々などから計画に反対の声が上がっており、景観の破壊は限定的とする事業者側(市および県)と対立している。
- In addition, this project has created conflict between the opponents, who request to preserve the historical landscape, mainly Tomonoura, saying the project may seriously impair the scenery, and the proponents, the companies (the municipal and the prefectural governments) saying that the damage will be limited.
- tで終わる音節は「チ」「ツ」と表記されるが、キリシタン資料では主に t のみで書かれることから、母音/i/, /u/を伴うものと、[t]のままで実現する場合があったと考えられているが、異説もある。
- Syllables which ended with -t, though being represented by 'ti' or 'tu,' were represented only by 't' in Christian materials, so it is considered that such syllables either accompanied vowels/i/ and/u/ or were realized as [t], but some theories insist otherwise.
- しかし、全ての雑役免田・半輸地が消えたわけではなく、薩摩国・大隅国・日向国にまたがる摂関家最大の荘園である島津荘の寄郡(よせごおり)と呼ばれる部分は、鎌倉時代になっても国衙と荘園領主に両属していた。
- However, it was not that Zoeki Menden and Hanyuchi disappeared completely, but the part of Yosegori of the Shimazu Sho, which was the largest Sekkan-ke (the families which produced regents) Shoen covering Satsuma, Okuma and Hyuga Provinces was still under the governance of the Kokuga and Shoen landlord even in the Kamakura Period.
- だが、戦国時代 (日本)に入ると禁裏御料であった各地の荘園が地元の戦国大名や国人領主に侵奪され、収入の滞った皇室では後土御門天皇の葬儀が1ヶ月以上も開けずに遺体が放置されるなどの深刻な状況となった。
- However, in the Sengoku period (the period of Warring States), shoen, which were still Imperial property, were confiscated by local warlords and kokujin ryoshu (local samurai), which left the Imperial family without income, rendering them so impoverished that they couldn't hold a funeral for Emperor Gotsuchimikado for over a month after his death.
- ICOCA(イコカ)は、西日本旅客鉄道(JR西日本)が2003年11月1日に近畿地方のアーバンネットワークで最初に導入した、主に乗車カードや電子マネー、ロッカーの鍵として利用できるICカードである。
- ICOCA (ikoka) is an IC card, mainly used as a ticket, electronic money and locker key, that West Japan Railway Company (JR West) launched in the Kinki District Urban Network on November 1, 2003.
- それは、多くの同族兄弟を殺し、自ら兵を率いることが少なく(頼朝自身は武芸は長けていたといわれるが、戦闘指揮官としては格別の実績を示していない)、主に政治的交渉で鎌倉幕府の樹立を成し遂げたことによる。
- That is because Yoritomo killed many of his brothers in the same clan, and rarely led an army himself (though he was said to be excellent at martial arts, did not show a distinguished achievement as war commander), but did achieve the establishment of the Kamakura bakufu mainly by political negotiation.
- 埋納される仏経典は主に法華経であるが、『般若心経』『阿弥陀経』『弥勒経』『大日経』『金剛頂経』『理趣経』などが用いられることもあり、『無量義経』や『観音堅経』などの開経・結経が添えられる場合がある。
- Besides Hokke-kyo (Lotus Sutra), which were typically buried in kyozuka, 'Hannya-kyo' (Heart Sutra), 'Amida-kyo' (Sukhavati sutra), 'Miroku-gyo' (Buddhist scriptures on Maitreya), 'Dainichi-kyo' (Mahavairocana Sutra), 'Kongocho-kyo' (Vajrasekhara Sutra), and 'Rishu-kyo' (scriptures of esoteric Buddhism), were buried as well, and occasionally Kai-kyo (the beginning scriptures) and Ke-kkyo (the ending scriptures) like 'Muryo gikyo' (literally, 'sutra of immeasurable meanings') and 'Kannon kenkyo' were also included.
- 朝廷が授与する御所号は、主に皇族や摂家の子女が門跡となった寺社に対して授与するものが主であり、その他、公卿もその家人より御所、或いは御所様(ごしょさま)、上様などと尊称されることが事実上許されていた。
- The Imperial Court mainly gave the gosho-go to the temples and shrines at which the head priest was a son or daughter of the Imperial Family or the sekke; moreover, high nobles were practically allowed to be referred to as Gosho, Gosho-sama, or Ue-sama by their families.
- その後、三好三人衆についた村重らの押さえとして信長より原田城城主に任じられ細川幽斎らとともに各地を転戦したが、荒木村重が信長家臣になると池田に戻り隠居した(諸国を旅し、九州へ渡ったとも言われている)。
- Later Katsumasa was ordered to be the lord of the Harada-jo Castle by Nobunaga to compete with Murashige's force which was on the side of Miyoshi Sanninshu, and he moved from place to place with Yusai HOSOKAWA to fight but after Murashige ARAKI became a retainer of Nobunaga, Katsumasa went into retirement at Ikeda (It is also said that Katsumasa traveled to the Kyushu region).
- 室町幕府は主に御料所などからの収入で財政を維持してきたが、全国的な内乱のために年貢輸送が途絶えたり、あるいは南朝_(日本)軍に占領されたり、自軍への恩賞に回されたりしてその範囲は小さくなる一方であった。
- The Muromachi bakufu managed to finance its budgets by the income from goryosho (the Imperial or shogunate's estate), whose areas were dwindling because the transportation of nengu (land tax such as rice) was disturbed by civil wars across the country, and some goryosho were occupied by the Southern Court's army which were used to reward their soldiers.
- 最初は1000石の知領だったが、秀長・豊臣秀吉のもとで政治手腕を買われて、主に紀伊国や大和国の検地代官を務めた(紀伊や大和は寺社勢力が多く、検地が容易でない事からも、その手腕を買われていた事がわかる)。
- In the beginning he owned a territory of 1,000 koku crop yield, but as he showed his skill in politics while serving Hidenaga TOYOTOMI and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, he became a land survey official mainly in Kii and Yamato Provinces (which shows he was appreciated his ability, since the land survey in Kii and Yamato Provinces was not easy as the temple and shrine powers there were strong).
- その前に、神武天皇自らタカミムスビを顕斎するときにその斎主に任じられ「厳媛(いづひめ)」の号を授けられた(道臣命は男性であるが、女性の名をつけたのは、神を祀るのは女性の役目であったことの名残とみられる)。
- Sometime before this operation, when Emperor Jinmu was to preside at a ritual to serve Takamimusubi as if this god were visible, the Emperor appointed Michinoomi to serve as Saishu (master of religious ceremonies) of the ritual and conferred the name 'Izuhime' (Princess Izu); (although Michinoomi was a man, he was given a female name, probably because there still remained at that time a tradition that it was a female's task to celebrate the god.)
- そのため、主に中国地方や九州を放浪し小西行長、加藤清正、豊臣秀吉や佐々成政、三村親成らに仕えて重用されるが、前述の奉公構えによる水野家からの横槍に加えて気性の激しさなども手伝っていずれも長続きしなかった。
- Therefore, he wandered about the Chugoku region and the Kyushu region serving and being entrusted with important job by Yukinaga KONISHI, Kiyomasa KATO, Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, Narimasa SASSA, and Chikanari MIMURA; however, he did not last long in any of his positions due to his fiery temperament in addition to an interruption from the Mizuno family by the above hokokamae.
- 梶原景時は北条氏の策略とまでは言えないがいうまでもなく追い落とした側、和田義盛、比企能員についても、主に北条氏に滅ぼされたものであり、それらの真相を『吾妻鏡』から知ることは出来ないことも定説となっている。
- It is difficult to determine if Kagetoki KAJIWARA was made to chase him down by the Hojo clan's stratagem, and if Yoshimori WADA and Yoshikazu HIKI were defeated mainly due to the Hojo clan, but it is widely known that such truth can't be found in 'Azuma Kagami.'
- 武田氏の家臣団には、守護の兄弟子女、或いは女婿を中心とするご親類衆があるが、板垣氏や甘利氏など、同じ甲斐源氏を祖に持つ庶流の家柄にあるものは、主に武田氏の家老を務める御譜代衆、国衆として位置づけられていた。
- The vassal groups of the Takeda clan included shinsekishu (a group of relatives) which mainly included siblings and children, and the husbands of daughters of shugo, and those who were in the shoke lineages whose origin was Kai-Genji (the Minamoto clan) similarly to the Takeda clan, such as the Itagaki and the Amari clans, were positioned as Gofudaishu (hereditary daimyo) and kunishu who mainly acted as chief retainers of the Takeda clan.
- 江戸幕府による大政奉還を受け、王政復古 (日本)によって発足した明治新政府の方針は、天皇親政(旧来の幕府・摂関などの廃止)を基本とし、諸外国(主に欧米列強国を指す)に追いつくための改革を模索することであった。
- The aim of the Meiji government, which was created by the restoration of Imperial rule after Taisei-hokan (transfer of power back to the emperor) from the Edo Shogunate, was to establish the basis of direct Imperial rule by the emperor by the abolition of the Shogunate and the positions of Regent and Chief advisor to the emperor, and to investigate ways to reform and catch up with foreign countries (mainly, powerful countries in Western Europe and North America).
- 名田においては、官物・公事のいずれかのみを負担すればよい田地を指していたが、この場合荘園領主に納める公事を免除されて、国衙に納める官物のみを納める一色田の方が多い(荘園領主が勝手に官物を免除に出来ないため)。
- For myoden, it meant rice fields that only had to pay Kanmotsu (tribute goods paid as taxes or tithes) or Kuji (public duties), but in this case, Kuji that was to be paid to the shoen (manor) owner was exempt and Isshikiden that had to pay Kanmotsu to the Kokuga were the majority (because Shoen owners did not have the authority to make exemptions for Kanmotsu).
- その後、本福寺が用意した蓮如・実如が退避していた御坊は「大坂一乱」で対立法主に立てられて追放された実賢が復帰を許された際に与えられて一門寺院の一つとして独立して称徳寺と改称した(後年に慈敬寺と再び改名する)。
- Later, the gobo prepared by Honpuku-ji Temple as an evacuation of Rennyo and Jitsunyo was given to Jitsugen, who had been banished for being selected as the opposing hoshu during 'Osaka ichiran,' when he was allowed to return, and it became independent as one of the family temples and renamed Shotoku-ji Temple (later renamed Jikei-ji Temple).
- 京都市内では、道路交通を一時規制して行われる形での伝統行事が多く(主に祇園祭や時代祭など)、また、毎年冬には駅伝大会も市内一帯で開かれる事もあり、その度に他社含むバス路線は運転経路の変更または運休を迫られる。
- In Kyoto City, many traditional events are held under the conditions of temporary traffic control (especially the Gion Matsuri and Jidai Matsuri festivals), and Eikiden road relay races are held every winter throughout the entire city area, forcing the bus routes--including those of other companies--to be changed or the bus operation on some routes to be canceled.
- 浄土宗では下の字に「誉」、浄土真宗では下の字に「如」(ただし本願寺などの法主に対しては綸旨の有無に関わらず上人号が用いられていた)、時宗では下の字に「阿」、日蓮宗では上の字に「日」を用いるのがそれに該当する。
- In the Jodo (Pure Land) sect, the Japanese character '誉' was used for the bottom character of the name, and in Jodo shin shu (the True Pure Land sect of Buddhism) the Japanese character '如' was used for the bottom character of the name (however, the Shonin title was used for the chief priest of Hongan-ji Temple, whether he received rinji or not), while in the Ji sect the character '阿' was used for the bottom character of the name, and in the Nichiren sect the character '日' was used for the top part of the name.
- 由利の出身藩である越前藩のために横井小楠が著した「国是三論」において「一国上の経綸」という章があり、そこでは主に財政経済について論じられていることから、その影響を受けた由利は経綸の語を専ら経済の意味で用いていた。
- In Kokuze Sanron (the Three Major Discussion of State Policy) written by Shonan YOKOI for Echizen Domain where Yuri came from, there is a chapter '一国上の経綸 (the administration of affairs of state) ' in which finance and economy were mainly discussed, because Yuri who was affected by that, always used the word '経綸' as economy.
- 現存するのは主に鉄製や金銅製のものであるが、有機質材料が併用されていた可能性が指摘されており、近年は弥生時代終末期の遺跡から木製や革製、植物繊維を編んで漆を塗ったものなどさまざまな有機質材料の短甲も出土している。
- The Tanko existing now are mainly made of iron or gilt bronze, however, some pointed out that it is possible organic material was also used to make them and various Tanko made of organic material such as wood, leather and knitted plant fiber with lacquer on it were unearthed from the remains of the late Yayoi period in recent years.
- こうして与えられた支配権・管理権は一様ではなく、名田の規模・態様によってさまざまな形態をとっていたが、いずれにせよ田堵負名は、国司・領主に認められた権限を背景に、現地において百姓らへの支配を強めていったのである。
- Although these rights to rule and manage land varied greatly depending on the size and arrangement of myoden land, tato fumyo farmers succeeded in strengthening their control over peasants in many villages by using the authority recognized by their own rulers.
- 「武士団」の時代は、主にその院政時代以降であり、その意味では「イエ」による結合、継承は徐々に強まってはいたが、しかし後の世の「嫡流」、「本家」というような「父系家族制度」の概念に捕らわれ過ぎるとこの時代を見誤る。
- The period of 'bushidan' was mainly after that insei period, and the union by 'house' and inheritance became stronger gradually but will be misinterpreted if one is looking too much at 'a direct descendant' and 'honke' (the owner of the highest-graded patches of land under the stratified land ruling structure of Shoen) and 'paternal family system' notion of later generation.
- 長年宮中で内供奉を務め、天徳 (日本)4年(960年)に内裏が焼失した直後には毘沙門天を修するなど功績も多く、康保2年(965年)には権律師・法性寺座主に、翌年には律師に任じられたため「護念院律師」とも称された。
- As he achieved many results while he served as naigubu (a special monk who holds a position in the Imperial court) for a long time, such as the restoration of Bishamonten Statue after Dairi Palace was destroyed by fire in 960, he was appointed in 965 to Gon-risshi (generally in Shingon sect, fifteenth-ranking Buddhist priest, literally, 'supernumerary master of discipline'), head priest of Hossho-ji Temple and risshi (the third rank of priest following Sojo and Sozu) in the following year and therefore, he was also called 'Gonen-in risshi.'
- フランシスコ・ザビエルの日本来航以来、スペインやポルトガルの宣教師の熱心な布教によって、また戦国大名や江戸時代の藩主にもキリスト教を信奉する者が現れたため、キリスト教徒いわゆる切支丹の数は九州を中心に広く拡大した。
- After Francis Xavier came to Japan, the number of Christians increased in Kyushu and other regions due to missionaries from Spain and Portugal ardently propagating Christianity, as well as a number of Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) and feudal lords during the Edo period becoming followers of Christianity.
- 主に旧薩摩藩・長州藩および一部の公家による専制政治として実行されたため「藩閥政府」と揶揄されることもあるが、中級官僚以上でも旧親藩・旧幕臣などから採用された者も少なくなく、一概に一部雄藩のみが主導したともいえない。
- Since the Meiji Restoration was implemented arbitrarily by the Satsuma clan, the Choshu clan, and some court nobles, it was sometimes derisively called 'a clan dominated government,' but it cannot be said that a couple of powerful clans led this restoration because a considerable number of Tokugawas and former retainers of the Shogun were hired as the middle or upper levels of the bureaucracy.
- 先代の当主は一色氏嫡流(一色義貫の末裔)の一色義有(義道の子とは別人)か庶流(義幸の血族か)の一色義清(子の義清とは別人)と思われるが、記録が乏しいため義幸が当主に就任した前後の時代の一色氏の動向ははっきりしない。
- It is thought that the previous head of the clan was either Yoshiari ISSHIKI (not to be confused with Yoshimichi's son), who as a descendant of Yoshitsura ISSHIKI was of eldest son lineage, or the illegitimate (possibly a blood relative of Yoshiyuki) Yoshikiyo ISSHIKI (not to be confused with Yoshiyuki's son) but because records are scarce, Isshiki clan movements around the time Yoshiyuki took over as head clansman are not clear.
- 家制度(いえせいど)とは、に制定された民法(以降、旧民法という)において採用された家族制度であり、親族関係のある者のうち更に狭い範囲の者を、戸主と家族として一つの家に属させ、戸主に家の統率権限を与えていた制度である。
- Ie seido was a family system, which was introduced to the Civil Codes established in 1898 (hereunder referred as Old Civil Codes), under the system, a small group consisting of relatives and living in a house is considered as a family and a family has a family head who was given an authority to lead a family.
- 当時の王権基盤は未熟な段階にあり、大王の地位が各地域の首長から構成される連合政権の盟主に過ぎなかったことを考慮すれば、直木孝次郎の説くように、5世紀のヤマト政権はまさに「大王と葛城氏の両頭政権」であったと表現出来る。
- The foundation of sovereignty was still underdeveloped during those days, and the position of the Okimi was nothing more than that of a leader of chiefs, assigned to each region of the coalition government; the Yamato regime during the 5th century can be described as the 'diarchy of Okimi and Katsuraki clan' as the historian Kojiro Naoki has decribed.
- 日本からは主に生糸が輸出されたが、生糸などの輸出品は、国内市場よりも貿易市場の方が高値で取引されていたため、生産地と市場を仲立ちしていた在郷商人は、江戸などの大都市の問屋ではなく、直接、開港場へ生産品を卸すようになった。
- Japanese main export was raw silk thread, and because exported goods such as raw silk thread were exchanged at higher prices on the trading market than on the domestic market, local merchants, who mediated between a place of production and market, began to sell products wholesale directly at open ports, not to warehouse merchants in big cities such as Edo (now Tokyo).
- 江戸幕府においては『科条類典』に享保3年(1718年)に白紙の手形と引換とした借金契約を結ばせた貸主に初めて過料を課したという記述があることから、徳川吉宗の享保の改革の一環として過料が導入されたという学説が存在していた。
- During Edo Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) ruling period, 'Kajoruiten' (a collection of classified regulations and laws) mentioned that Karyo was imposed on a lender who made a debt contract by using an empty promissory note the first time in 1718, therefore, there was a theory that Yoshimune TOKUGAWA introduced Karyo as a part of Kyoho-no-kaikaku (Kyoho reform).
- 明治維新以降に発行されていた明治通宝などは不換紙幣(主に金や銀の本位貨幣と交換が保証されていない紙幣)であり、当時は金本位制が国際的な流れで日本でも兌換紙幣(本位貨幣と交換が保障されている紙幣)を発行する必要性があった。
- Currencies such as Meiji Tsuho (government note in Meiji Period) which was issued after the Meiji Restoration were inconvertible paper currency (paper currency which was not assured an exchange with standard money, such as gold and silver), and at that time, gold standard system was an international trend, so Japan also needed to issue convertible currency (paper currency which was assured an exchange with standard money).
- また、契約期間中に買主に違約があった場合には売主は本銭返と同じように直ちに買戻しが認められた(本銭弁償文言)をはじめ、売主の課役負担や抵当物件の処理、入質の設定、罪科文言などの多くの条件が契約を記した証文中に記されていた。
- Furthermore, most contracts had many provisos written into them that stipulated the wording of what constituted a crime or breach to ensure that if the buyer broke the agreement made with the buyer during the contract period, it would be recognized that the seller would immediately buy back whatever was sold, just as with a honsengaeshi (a land sale that had the seller buy the land back in such a situation; nenki-uri were also worded in such a way as to have sellers buy back whatever had been sold), and moreover, that the seller's obligations for labor (and the distribution of other assignments) as well as the collateral offered for the sale would be disposed of, and that those possessions which could be sold would be pawned.
- 監禁の後も、藩主に改悛の情が見えず、あるいは偽りの様子としか受け取られない場合、再び悪行や暴政を行う可能性が高いと判断された場合は、藩主は強制的に隠居させられ、藩主隠居の旨幕府に届け出、嫡子や兄弟の妥当な人物が藩主となる。
- If the lord shows no sign of remorse or the remorse is seen as a pretense or the vassals think that the lord is highly like to sink into corruption and tyrannize again, the lord will be forced to retire, and the retirement is reported to the shogunate government and an appropriate person is chosen among legitimate children and brothers.
- これらを貢納する贄人を初めとする非農業民は、従来「無主」にして「公私共利」の地とされた山野河海の利用により生業をたてていたが、8世紀以降の律令制の解体、荘園公領制の成立とともに、荘園領主による制約を受けるようになってきた。
- Non-agricultural people, including those who presented these items, made their living from the mountains, fields, rivers, and the sea that were originally lands 'not owned by anyone' and were 'beneficial publicly and privately,' however, regulations were initiated by Shoen owners after the disbandment of the Ritsuryo system and the establishment of the Shoen-Koryo system from the 8th Century.
- 南朝側は、北朝の意向により天台座主や寺社の要職に就いた者などを更迭して南朝方の人物を据えることや、建武の新政において公家や寺社に与えるため没収された地頭職を足利政権が旧主に返還した事の取り消しなどを求め、北朝方と対立する。
- The Southern Court confronted the Northern Court by proposing to fire the people selected by the Northern Court to become Tendaizasu (chief of Tendaishu) and important positions in temples and shrines and replace them with Southern Court related people, and wanted the cancellation of the return by the Ashikaga administration of jito (land steward) positions that were taken away during the Kenmu Restoration to give to kuge and temples and shrines.
- タクシー運転手の求人広告は、主にスポーツ新聞や夕刊紙、公共職業安定所(ハローワーク)で行われることが多く、新聞や一般の求人情報誌、求人ウェブサイト(リクルート社のリクナビなど)にタクシー運転手の求人広告が載ることは少ない。
- Job-placement ads for taxi drivers are mainly shown in sports papers, evening papers, and at public job stabilization offices (Helloworks) and are seldom shown on daily papers, general help-wanted magazines, and help-wanted websites (e.g. RecNavi of RECRUIT Co., Ltd.).
- 三管四職家のうち、主に足利義満の時代に取り立てられ勢力を躍進させたのは赤松氏、一色氏、そして持国の畠山氏であったが、義満時代に有力な守護大名であった斯波氏や山名氏が弱体化すると、上の三家が将軍権力の障害となるようになった。
- The AKAMATSU, ISSHIKI, and Mochikuni's HATAKEYAMA Clans benefited from Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu's rule, increasing their strength and influence but, as the powerful SHIBA and YAMANA Clans weakened, these three Clans increasingly became an obstacle for the shogun authorities.
- 慶長13年(1608年)(慶長11年との説も有り確定的でない)大坂高麗橋東一丁目両替町に設立された銀座は、主に生野銀山および石見銀山からの灰吹銀および大坂銅吹所における粗銅からの絞銀を集積して京都の銀座に送る役割を果たした。
- The ginza located in Ryogaecho, Koraibashi-higashi 1-chome, Osaka, was established in 1608 (or 1606, according to another report) for the purpose of gathering cupellated silver from Ikuno and Iwami silver mines and silver extracted from silver ore at the Osaka Dobukijo refinery and sending them to the ginza in Kyoto.
- 反対派は土井利位を盟主に担いで上知令撤回と、水野忠邦の老中免職に動き出し、水野忠邦の主だった腹心達(町奉行鳥居耀蔵、勘定奉行榊原忠職)らも土井派に寝返り、鳥居に至っては忠邦の機密資料を残らず土井に流すという徹底ぶりであった。
- The opponents, appointing Toshitsura DOI as their leader, began to conspire revocation of Agechi-rei and dismissal of Tadakuni MIZUNO from Roju, and even Tadakuni's most trusted retainers (machi-bugyo (town magistrate) Yozo TORII and kanjo bugyo (commissioner of finance) Tadamoto SAKAKIBARA) revolted to DOI's side; TORII was so resolute that he passed all of Tadakuni's confidential materials to DOI.
- 諸大名にあっては、徳川家康によって江戸定住が定められていた水戸徳川家(水戸藩)と、老中・若年寄・寺社奉行など江戸幕府の公職にあって江戸城に詰めている藩主(主に譜代大名)は、江戸に定住する必要性があったので、当然に定府となる。
- As for all kinds of Daimyo (Japanese feudal lord), Mito Tokugawa family (Mito Domain) who were obligated to live permanently in Edo by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and lords of domains (mainly fudai daimyo [a daimyo in hereditary vassal to the Tokugawa family]) who held public posts of Edo bakufu including roju (member of shogun's council of elders), wakadoshiyori (a managerial position in Edo bakufu), and jisha-bugyo (magistrate of temples and shrines) and stationed at Edo-jo Castle were of course Jofu because they needed to live permanently in Edo.
- このため、領主側は、地頭に管理させる一円内の年貢を毎年一定額と定め、地頭がその納入を荘園領主や国司に対して請け負う代わりに地頭を荘官に任命する地頭請が、主に地頭自身が開発領主であることが多かった東国を中心として行われ始めた。
- As a measure to counter such situations, the Jito-uke system, under which the lord of shoen decided a fixed amount of nengu for shoen under jito's management and appointed jito to shokan (manager of shoen) in return for their obligation to pay nengu to the lords of shoen or kokushi (provincial governor), came into use in the eastern part of Japan where jito themselves were often kaihatsu-ryoshu (the local lord who actually developed the land).
- 当時は大八車(リヤカー)ではなく主に道具や商品や食材の入った箱や笊(ざる)、籠(かご)や桶(おけ)などを両天秤にして天秤棒を担いで売り歩いたので棒手振と呼ばれていたが、道具や品物の入った箱を片方の肩で担いで売り歩く者もいた。
- In those days, most of monouri cruised streets for selling goods by carrying tools and foods not on a large cart but in a pair of boxes, bamboo sieves, baskets, or tubs on both sides of a pole, which was the origin of their nickname 'botefuri' ('bo' is a pole, 'te' is a hand, and 'furi' is to swing), and some of monouri sold goods by carrying tools and goods in a box on a shoulder.
- しかし、翌文禄元年(1592年)に顕如が没すると、石山本願寺退去時の信長への対応をめぐって顕如と意見の食い違いがあった長男の教如(強硬派)に代わり、三男の准如(和睦派)が12世門主に立てられることになった(次男は興正寺顕尊)。
- However, when Kennyo died the following year, it was his third son, Junnyo (an accommodationist) not his eldest son, Kyonyo, a hard-liner who held different opinions from Kennyo regarding Nobunaga at the time of leaving Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple, who became the twelfth head priest. (The second son was Kenson of Kosho-ji Temple.)
- 相馬御厨は在庁官人が在地領主に変貌していく過程で、国司や目代と激しく対立した事、在地領主層が脆弱な地位を守るために寄進を行った事、寄進による保護にも限界があり、鎌倉幕府の成立へとつながって行った事の例示としてよく取り上げられる。
- Soma-mikuriya is often raised as an exemplary case of: bitter struggles with kokushi (provincial governors) and mokudai (deputy kokushi, or a deputy provincial governor) during the transformation of local officials to local lords; donation by the local lord classes to defend their vulnerable positions; and the limits of the protection by donation, which led to the establishment of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- また、マルクス主義の立場をとる研究者からも、在地の地主に裁判権などの権力が備わっておらず、それらが国家権力の手に集中されており、封建制の重要な内容である領主権力が存在しないため、中国史における封建制概念を否定する見解が出された。
- Even some Marxist scholars denied the concept of the Hoken system in Chinese history based on the fact that local land lords had no powers such as jurisdiction, and those powers were controlled by the state and there was no seniority that was an important aspect of the Hoken system.
- その後は主に施政面に従事し、1586年(天正14年)には家康が浜松城より駿府城へ移った際には駿府町奉行、1590年(天正18年)に家康が関東へ移封されると、武蔵国新座郡・豊島郡で1,000石を給され、関東代官、江戸町奉行となる。
- Thereafter he was engaged primarily in implementing administrative policy, and in 1586 when Ieyasu moved from Hamamatsu-jo Castle to Sunpu-jo Castle, he became the Sunpu machi-bugyo (town magistrate of Sunpu); in 1590, when Ieyasu's territory was moved to the Kanto region, he became the Kanto daikan (governor of Kanto) and the Edo machi-bugyo (town magistrate of Sunpu), receiving fiefs amounting to 1,000 koku in the districts of Niikura and Toyoshima, Musashi Province.
- (ただし、同時代史料においては類似した句が見られるのみで、主に明治11年(1878年)の『武江年表』や大正3年(1914年)『江戸時代落書類聚』など、明治以降に出典が見られることから、後世に喧伝された歌である可能性も指摘されている。
- (Because major sources of the poem are 'Buko Nenpyo,' or 'Chronology of the Edo Period,' published in 1878, as well as 'Edo Jidai Rakusho Ruiju,' or 'Anonymous Documents of Social and Political Satire of the Edo Period,' published in 1914.) and this satirical poem is not found in contemporary publications, while similar poems do appear, one explanation for this is that the poem was both written and circulated after the fact, as is suggested by its major historical sources being published after the Meiji era.
- 明治2年(1869年)5月、各藩主に代わる「反逆首謀者」として、仙台藩首席家老但木成行、仙台藩江戸詰め家老坂英力、会津藩家老萱野権兵衛、盛岡藩家老楢山佐渡が、東京で極刑の刎首(ふんしゅ)刑(首を刎ねられてさらし首にされる)に処された。
- In May, 1869, in Tokyo, a principal chief retainer of the Sendai Domain, Nariyuki TADAKI, a chief retainer of the Sendai Domain working in Edo, Eiriki SAKA, a chief retainer of the Aizu Domain, Gombei KAYANO, and a chief retainer of the Morioka Domain were sentenced to the ultimate penalty of the funshu-kei (beheading and displaying of the severed head in public) as a symbol of 'a mastermind of the rebellion' in place of each lord of the domain.
- 天正元年(1572年)以降、織田信忠を筆頭に池田恒興、森長可(森成利の兄)、河尻秀隆らを主力とする、いわゆる「信忠軍団」が編成されており(池田は後に軍団を離脱→摂津へ)、主に、東美濃に勢力を張っていた武田の影響を排除する戦いをしていた。
- From 1572 onward, an army corps led by Nobutada ODA, Tsuneoki IKEDA, Nagayoshi MORI (Naritoshi MORI's elder brother) and Hidetaka KAWAJIRI, which was known as Nobutada's corps (Tsuneoki IKEDA later withdrew from the corps and moved to Settsu Province), was fighting against the Takeda clan in order to prevent the expansion of Takeda's territory into the eastern Mino Province.
- 方言差については、東西に長い日本列島(主に本州・九州・四国と周辺離島)の地理的制約もあって、近代以前は東西に離れた者どうしでは意思疎通に困難を来すほどの差異があったが、音韻や語彙を中心とした相違にとどまり、特に文法面では大きな差はない。
- As for dialects, due to the geographical constraints of the Japanese archipelago, which stretches east to west (consisting mainly of Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku and nearby islands), there were enough differences that those who lived in the east and the west had difficulty communicating before modern times, though the differences were only in phonemes and vocabulary; there was not much difference grammatically.
- 承久の乱後、佐々木信綱が現地の地頭に任じられたが、延暦寺・下鴨社ともに対抗するために延暦寺は堅田に湖上関を設置して他所の船を排斥し、下鴨社は堅田の漁民・船主に漁業権・航行権(水上通行権)を保障する事で堅田の経済的・交通的特権を保証した。
- After the Jokyu War, although Nobutsuna SASAKI was appointed as Jito (estate steward) there, both Enryaku-ji Temple and Shimogamo-sha Shrine decided to rebel against him: Enryaku-ji Temple established Kojo-seki (a checkpoint on the lake) at Katata to keep non-Enryaku-ji-temple ships away and Shimogamo-sha Shrine guaranteed economic and traffic privileges of Katata by protecting fishery and navigation rights for fishermen and shipowners of Katata.
- 主に武家との折衝にあたるが、政権の中枢にあったために失脚することも多く、治承3年(1179年)平清盛による後白河院の鳥羽殿幽閉の際に解官されたのを手始めとして、復帰後の寿永2年(1183年)源義仲による再度の後白河院幽閉の際にも再び解官。
- One of the main functions of Yasutsune was to negotiate with samurai but, being at the center of the administration, he had numerous downfalls with the first one occurring in 1179 when the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa was confined by TAIRA no Kiyomori whereby Yasutsune was removed from office and, in 1183, he was removed from office when the Retired Emperor Goshirakawa was once again confined this time by MINAMOTO no Yoshinaka.
- 前節で述べたように、南蛮寺の建物自体は一切現存しておらず、その建築上の特徴は、同時代の日本人によって描かれた絵画資料(南蛮屏風等)、文字資料(主に宣教師の記録)、および教会跡と推定される遺跡の考古学的調査の結果から、以下のように推測される。
- As stated previously, the Nanban-ji Temple building itself no longer exists, but contemporary Japanese paintings (Nanban-ji folding screens etc.), written works (mainly the records of missionaries) and archaeological investigations of ruins thought to be those of churches have led to the following speculations as to the church's architectural characteristics.
- 神戸市街地は1945年に大空襲を受けたため、現在の神戸市役所西側一帯にあった居留地時代(1899年以前)の建物で残っているのは旧居留地十五番館(旧アメリカ合衆国領事館、国の重要文化財)が唯一で、多く残る近代ビル建築は主に大正時代のものである。
- The urban areas of Kobe were devastated by the great air raids in 1945, so building No. 15 of the former settlement (the former consulate of the United States, and an important cultural property of Japan) was the only building left standing among those built in the settlement period (that is, before 1899) in the western area of the settlement, which corresponds to the vicinity of the present-day city hall of Kobe; most of the modern-era buildings that remain standing were built in the Taisho period.
- 1849年、松代藩士にて蘭学者の佐久間象山は藩費、場合によっては家禄を返上し費用に充てる覚悟で『ドゥーフ・ハルマ』を出版する計画を立て、藩主に「攘夷の策略に関する藩主宛答申書」を上奏して外国に対抗するために語学と技術習得を広める重要性を説いた。
- In 1849 Shozan SAKUMA, a feudal retainer of the Matsushiro clan and Dutch scholar, planned to publish 'Doeff Halma' at the expense of the clan or from his own expense for which he would give up his karoku (hereditary stipend) under certain circumstances; he presented the lord of the clan with the report regarding strategy for expulsion of foreigners addressed to the lord of the clan, and emphasized the importance of disseminating the learning of language and technology for the purpose of opposing foreign countries.
- こうしたとき「唐物目利」として活躍したのが、同朋衆の能阿弥、芸阿弥、相阿弥で、彼らによって書かれた『室町殿行幸御餝記』や『小河御所并東山殿御餝図』から、行幸のときや普段、御所がどう飾りつけられたか、が分かるが、会所を飾ったのは主に唐物であった。
- Doboshu, Noami, Geiami, and Soami were active as the 'judges of Karamono' and wrote 'Muromachidono Gyokookazariki' and 'Ogawagosho hyohigashiyamadonookazariki' and described how gosho was decorated during gyoko or usually, but kaisho was mostly decorated with karamono.
- あらかじめ目付クラス以上のある程度の身分有る者で、腕の立つ者、腕力強健な者を側に控えさせておき、家老一同が藩主の前に並び「お身持ち良ろしからず、暫くお慎みあるべし」と藩主に告げ、家臣が藩主の刀を取り上げ、座敷牢のような所へ強制的に監禁してしまう。
- With those who skilled in the martial arts or are strong-muscled in the position of Metsuke (inspector of foot soldiers) or higher in waiting in the side, chief retainers say to their lord, 'You behaved very badly, so you should be confined' and vassals take swords away from the lord and imprison him to a place such as a confinement room.
- 大国主は「二人の息子が天津神に従うというのであれば、私も逆らわずにこの国を天津神に差し上げる。その代わり、私の住む所として、天の御子が住むのと同じくらい大きな宮殿を建ててほしい。私の百八十神たちは、事代主に従って天津神に背かないだろう」と言った。
- Okuninushi said, 'If two sons follow Amatsu kami, I will offer this country without resisting. Instead, I would like you to build a big palace which is almost as big as the one that Amatsu kami live. My 180 gods will follow Kotoshironushi and not be against Amatsu kami.'
- 主に屋外の物品に砂ぼこりが付着して汚したり、周囲の見通し(視程)や日照を悪化させたり、交通に障害を与えたり、人間や家畜などが砂ぼこりを吸い込んで健康に悪影響を与えたりするなど、多数の被害が発生し、経済的損失は毎年7000億円を超えると推定されている。
- Kosa causes lots of damage described as in the following and the economical loss due to it is estimated to exceed 700 billion yen yearly: Dust from kosa adheres to things placed outdoors, making them dirty, degrades outdoor visibility, makes the sunlight reaching the ground weaker, obstructs traffic, and adversely affects the health of human beings and animals from inhaling the dust.
- 15世紀から16世紀にかけて、渡党を統一することで渡島半島南部の領主に成長していった蠣崎氏は豊臣秀吉・徳川家康から蝦夷地の支配権、交易権を公認され、名実共に安東氏から独立し、江戸時代になると蠣崎氏は松前氏と改名して大名に列し渡党は明確に和人とされた。
- From the fifteenth century to the sixteenth century, the Kakizaki clan, who was growing to become the feudal lord of the southern Oshima Peninsula by unifying Watari-to, was recognized as to the right of dominion and trade in the Ezo territory by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI and Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and thus became independent from the Ando clan in both name and reality; and the Kakizaki clan changed its name to Matsumae and was elevated to Daimyo (Japanese feudal lord), by which Watari-to became Japanese in Edo period.
- 主に「単立寺院」(仏教)「単立神社」(神道)「単立教会」(キリスト教)というように、何らかの宗派・教派・上位組織に属している事が暗黙に前提される伝統宗教の寺院・神社・教会等に対して、その前提に立たない特例的存在であることを示す際に用いられることが多い。
- Unlike temples, shrines, churches of old-line religions, that are implicitly assumed to be part of some sort of religious schools, sects, and superior organizations, the term Tanritsu, that mainly refers to 'Tanritsu-jiin' (nonsectarian temples) (Buddhism), 'Tanritsu-jinja' (independently incorporated shrines) (Shinto), and 'Tanritsu-kyokai' (non-denominational churches) (Christianity), is in many ways used to show that they are exceptional beings and that they are not assumed to be part of any religious schools, sects or superior organizations.
- 慶長19年(1614年)(設立時期は諸説あり確定的でない)に長崎市芊(すすき)原、後に大村町、島原町北入込に設立された銀座は、主に銀の海外への不正持ち出しの監視、良質灰吹銀輸出の防止の役割を果たし、京の銀座より銀見役および銀座手代が一年毎に交代派遣された。
- Nagasaki-ginza reportedly established in 1614 (exact date unknown) in Susukihara in Nagasaki City and later in Omuracho, Shimabaracho and Kitairikomi operated chiefly to prevent illegal export of silver and prevent outflow of quality cupellated silver and was staffed by a silver inspector or ginza assistant manager dispatched alternately for one-year assignments.
- しかしながら、主にビジネス客向けの会員カード制である点や、それぞれ各社が独立して運営しているので、JR同士であっても会社が異なると発券や割引が受けられないといったことが起きている点は、閉鎖的なサービスとみられ、航空会社のそれに比べると劣っているともいえる。
- However, these services are also considered inferior to the corresponding ones by airlines in the following points: They are for member card-based ones mainly for business customers, and since each JR company operates its own service system independently, a member of a JR company cannot get a ticket nor a discount ticket of another JR company, and therefore, the services are considered exclusive ones.
- 中世において成立した収取体制においては、雑役系の公事・夫役は名田を収取単位として租税の賦課が行われていたが、名田が十分に確立されていない地域や供御人・神人など荘園・公領の支配体系に属しない人々(主に非農業民)から公事・夫役を収取するために在家を単位として賦課したのである。
- Under the tax collection system established in the Medieval period taxes relating to public duties and labor services, which were kinds of zoyaku (odd-jobs tasks), were assessed for myoden (rice field lots) as a collection unit; on the other hand, taxes relating to public duties and labor services were collected in regions where myoden had not sufficiently established or from people who did not belong to the ruling system of shoen (manor) and koryo (mainly non-cultivators) (mostly non-farmer), such as kugonin (groups of producer-merchants) or jinin (shrine dependents) by assessing for zaike as a collection unit.
- その他、メイストームなど、日本海や北日本方面を通過する発達した低気圧の後面に伸びる寒冷前線が本州を通過して、太平洋側に達した後、南海上の優勢な高気圧の北側に沿って、そのまま停滞前線と化して、太平洋側、主に東日本太平洋沿岸部でしばらくぐずつき天気が続くケースもその類いである。
- The case like May storm in which cold front extending behind developed low-pressure system passing the Japan Sea or north Japan, after passing through Honshu and reaching the Pacific side, becomes a stationary front along the north side of the dominant high-pressure system on the southern sea and unsettled weather continues mainly on the Pacific coastal area in east Japan is a similar phenomenon.
- 派生氏族は公家ばかりではなく、藤原道兼宇都宮氏・小田氏、藤原長家那須氏、勧修寺流上杉氏、藤原山蔭伊達氏、藤原利仁斎藤氏・加藤氏、藤原秀郷奥州藤原氏・足利氏 (藤原氏)・小山氏・結城氏・佐野氏・小野崎氏など、主に関東・北陸・東北を中心に活躍した多数の武家が藤原北家の末裔と称した。
- The derivative clan was not merely limited to court nobility but also included a large number of samurai families that had influence mainly in Kanto, Hokuriku and Tohoku, claiming to be descended from the Northern House--such as the FUJIWARA no Michikane-Utsunomiya clan, the Oda clan, the FUJIWARA no Nagaie-Nasu clan, the Uesugi clan of the Kajuji group, the Fujiwara-Yamakage-Date clan, the FUJIWARA no Toshihito-Saito clan, the Kato clan, the FUJIWARA no Hidesato-Oshu Fujiwara clan, the Ashikaga clan (the Fujiwara clan), the Oyama clan, the Yuki clan, the Sano clan and the Onosaki clan.
- しかし、申告がなされなかった土地や、国有地と認定された土地(主に隠田などの所有者不明の土地とされるが、旧朝鮮王朝の土地を含むともいう)は接収され、東洋拓殖株式会社法(1909年法律第63号)によって設立され、朝鮮最大の地主となった東洋拓殖や、その他の日本人農業者に払い下げられた。
- However, the land not declared or land designated as state-owned land (it is said it was mainly the land of unknown owners, such as hidden rice fields, and included the land of the former Korean Dynasties) was taken over, and then sold to the Toyo Takushoku Co. Ltd., which was founded according to the Toyo Takushoku Co. Ltd. Law (1909 law No. 63) and became the largest landlord in Korea, as well as other Japanese farmers.
- ポスト京都議定書の協議が始まるようになると、温室効果ガス排出量削減の必要性は認めながらも「最も二酸化炭素排出量の多い産業である鉄鋼業では、日本のエネルギー効率は高いことから削減余地が少ない(のだから他国に削減させるべきである)」といった主張が、主に利益団体より出されるようになった。
- When a conference of Post Kyoto Protocol was about to begin, the following claims came out mainly from the interest groups relating to the steel industry: necessity of reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases could be understandable, however, in the Japanese steel industry, which emits the largest amount of carbon dioxide, there was no room for the reduction because the industry's energy efficiency had almost reached the technological limit, therefore further burdens of emissions reduction should be borne by countries other than Japan.
- 天正大判(てんしょうおおばん)とは安土桃山時代から江戸時代の初期に掛けて、主に豊臣家が金細工師後藤家に鋳造を命じた大判であり、天正16年(1588年)が初鋳とされ、天正菱大判(てんしょうひしおおばん)、天正長大判(てんしょうながおおばん)および大仏大判(だいぶつおおばん)が知られる。
- The Tensho oban is a type of oban (large monetary gold plate in the shape of a flat oval) that had been struck by the Goto family, time-honored craftsmen of gold, mainly by order of the Toyotomi family since the Azuchi Momoyama period until the early Edo period; it is considered to have been minted first in 1588, and the well-known 'Tensho hishi oban', 'Tensho naga oban' and 'Daibutsu oban' are categorized under it.
- これは小作制度というよりも中世荘園制度のインドへの導入に近く、従来は古代には収穫物の6分の1、デリー・スルタン朝時代以後でも収穫物の3分の1の徴収であったものが定額かつ高額な地税を現金による納付となり、なおかつ徴収実務は領主・地主に任されていたために、農民は農奴に近い状況に置かれた。
- This was the introduction of India to medieval manorialism rather than the tenancy system and traditionally one-sixth of harvests in ancient times and one-third of them after the Dehli Sultanate period were levied, but the taxes on land were paid with fixed and expensive amounts of cash money and the lords and landowners undertook tax collection work and thus the farmers were put in a situation which was similar to that of serfs.
- 後世では、東国における武門の習いは義家が整備したといわれ、その名声は武門の棟梁としての血脈としての評価を一層高めることとなったというのは、主に南北朝時代の末に、義家の子孫である足利幕府の正統性をうたう為に書かれた『源威集』にある「諸家輩、源家将軍ヲ代々仁王ト奉仰ハ此故也」からの派生。
- Later generations claimed that the Way of the Bushi in Eastern Japan was established by Yoshiie, and that the increased reputation from a blood connection to the chief of the bushi was derived from a phrase in the 'Geni-shu,' written to legitimize the Ashikaga shogunate created by the descendants of Yoshiie during the end of the Nanboku (Northern and Southern Court) period.
- 18世紀には、主にロシア、イギリス、フランスなど帝国主義時代の欧米列強が日本へも接近し、日本人漂流民の返還のために蝦夷地へ来日したアダム・ラクスマンの来航(寛政4年(1792年))といった諸外国が通商を求める出来事や、1811年(文化8)のゴローニン事件といった摩擦・紛争が起こり始めた。
- In the 18th century, the allied western powers of imperialism such as Russia, England and France approached Japan thus some issues and disputes started to occur such as the arrival of Adam Kirillovich Laksman who came to Ezo to return Japanese castaways in 1792 and the Golovnin Incident of 1811.
- そのように軍事面での才能には疑問が持たれる秀忠だが、それでも後継者となったのは家康が秀忠を「守成の時代」の君主に相応しいと考えていたからだと言われている(家康は太宗 (唐)の治世について記した『貞観政要』を読んでおり、当然その中の「守成は創業より難し」という一文も読んでいたと思われる)。
- Even though Hidetada's ability in the military affairs was doubtful, he became the successor, for which it is said that Ieyasu regarded Hidetada suitable as a ruler in the 'Maintenance Ages' (Ieyasu read 'Joganseiyo,' a book written about Taiso, the second Emperor of Tang Dynasty in China and is thought to have naturally read a sentence in it saying 'Starting a reign is less difficult than carrying it through').
- 更に前述のように共同体の自治に基づく内済・相対による解決を良しとする伝統的な思想があり、民衆が訴えを起こす際には原告による訴状に名主の奥印が押されていること、他領にまたがる訴訟の場合には領主による添状(大名)・添簡(旗本)の添付がない場合には書類不備を理由に却下されるなど、訴状を受理されるまでに壁が存在していた。
- In addition, as mentioned above, there was a traditional tought that encouraged settlement out of court or without arbitrator, so when people sued, they needed to get through a lot of obstacles before petition was received, such as having nanushi put signature on plaintiff's petition, and in case of suit involving another territory, also attachment of an accompanying letter (daimyo) and another letter called tenkan (hatamoto) from feudal lord, and if documents had deficiency, the suit was turned down.
- 3ドアの特急には主にセミクロスシートの京阪9000系電車が運用されるほか、朝ラッシュ時のK特急の3ドア車集中運用によるダイヤ編成の都合上、平日午前中に運転される10本(K特急・特急あわせて下り8本、上り2本)の列車で京阪7200系電車または京阪6000系電車電車による8両編成のオールロングシート車が定期運用されている。
- In the case of the three-door limited express trains, the trains of the Keihan Electric Railway Series 9000 (furnished with semi-cross seats) are mainly used, but since the three-door limited express trains are scheduled to be allocated for an intensive use during the morning rush, 10 trains of Keihan Electric Railway Series 7200 or Keihan Electric Railway Series 6000 made up of eight all-long-seat cars are also regularly used in the weekday mornings (eight outbound trains in total of K-Ltd. Express and limited express, and two inbound trains in total of K-Ltd. Express and limited express).
- だが、1883年頃から政府の圧力が強まり、加えて自由党の板垣退助の洋行問題を巡る疑惑追及を行うと、逆に自由党側からも前島や尾崎・犬養と関係が強く同党の機関紙となっていた郵便報知新聞などが政府の資金を受けているとの疑惑が出されて 岩崎弥太郎を海坊主になぞらえた「海坊主退治」キャンペーンが繰り広げられたことから、泥仕合となった。
- Around 1883, as the pressure from the government increased, the party looked into the alleged problems of the Liberal party concerning Taisuke ITAGAKI's going abroad, but instead encountered a backlash from the Liberal party to fling mud at each other, with a scandal that insisted Yubin Hochi Shinbun newspaper, the party's official publication, having a strong relationship with Maejima, Ozaki and Inukai, was financed by the government, through a campaign of to denounce 'monstrous' Yataro IWASAKI.
- また、1990年代後半からは主に考古学的側面から、卓淳(昌原)・安羅(咸安)などの諸地域の研究が推進される一方で、1983年に慶尚南道の松鶴洞一号墳(墳丘長66メートル)が前方後円墳であるとして紹介されて以来相次いだ朝鮮半島南西部での前方後円墳の発見これまでのところ全羅南道に11基、全羅北道に2基の前方後円墳が確認されている。
- And, from the late 1990s, studies of Tokujun (卓淳, in Changwon), Alla (in Haman) and other regions were promoted mainly from the archeological aspect and since the Songhakdong No. 1 tomb in Gyeongsangnam-do (66 meters in length) was announced as a large keyhole-shaped tomb mound in 1983, the same type of tombs have been unearthed one after another in the southwest part of the Korean Peninsula, totaling eleven in South Jeolla Province and two in North Jeolla Province so far.
- また、御成敗式目制定時には兄弟甥姪に対する悔返は他人和与の例に準じて認められていなかった(これは公家法と同様であった)が、仁治元年(1240年)に本主(元の所有者)に父母の礼をなすか恩顧によって分与を得たものが本主に敵対する行動をとった場合には悔返の対象とされ、正応3年(1290年)には兄弟甥姪に対する悔返が全面的に認められた。
- Also, when Goseibai-shikimoku was established, the Kuikaeshi against brothers and cousins were not allowed as well as the cases of a compromise with a third person (same as in Kugeho), but in 1240, when the person who received the property from the previous owner for treating the owner's parents well or from patronage became hostile against the owner, it was to be the subject for Kuikaeshi; and in 1290, all Kuikaeshi against brothers and cousins became legal.
- ところが、1889年2月には運動の盟主に擁されていた後藤象二郎が黒田内閣の逓信大臣として入閣して運動からの撤退を表明(なお、自分抜きの大同団結運動に不快感を抱いた板垣が、黒田清隆側近の時任為基高知県知事とともに後藤に入閣を勧めたとされている)、これを機に3月10日には運動は河野の大同倶楽部と大井の大同協和会に分裂して事実上崩壊した。
- However, Shojiro GOTO, the leader of the movement, was appointed to the Kuroda Cabinet as a Minister of Communications and announced that he would withdraw from the movement in February, 1889 (It is said that Itagaki, who was displeased that he was alienated from the movement to unite for a common purpose, and Governor Tametomo TOKITO of Kochi Prefecture, who was a close associate of Seiki KURODA, encouraged Goto to enter the Cabinet), which led the movement to be divided into two groups: Daido kurabu (uniting for a common purpose club) led by KONO and Daido Kyowakai (uniting for a common purpose harmonious meeting) led by Oi, and then the movement virtually collapsed.
- 裏切りの原因については、勝頼との対立の他に、かつての武田義信によるクーデター事件が関係しているとも(弟信邦は義信側に味方したことにより自害)、妻の見性院が諏訪氏の血を引く勝頼よりも、自らが生んだ穴山信治(勝千代)の方が武田家当主に相応しい(信治は武田氏の血を3/4継いでいる)と夫に勧めたためだとも言われるが、いずれにせよ確証はない。
- Other than conflicts with Katsuyori, the reason for the betrayal was said that the coup incident by Yoshinobu TAKEDA played a role (his brother Nobukuni took sides with Yoshinobu, leading to suicide), or that his wife Kenshoin suggested to her husband that her real son Nobuharu ANAYAMA (Katsuchiyo) was more suitable as the head of the Takeda family (Nobuharu was three-quarters Takeda clan blood) rather than Katsuyori who was from a line of the Suwa clan--but all such theories lack conclusive evidence.
- これに対して霊元上皇は他家にも伝わっているにも関わらず二条家の独占になっているのは相応の理由があるからであるとして、たとえ二条家当主が現職の摂関・大臣でなくても「即位灌頂」のみは二条家当主が行う事、もし当主が幼くして二条家を継いだ場合には儀式の秘法を知るもう一人の存在である当代の天皇が責任をもって当主に伝授する事を裁定して公式に二条家の独占となった。
- In reply to the argument, the retired Emperor Reigen reasoned that there should have been a substantial reason why the position had been dominated by the Nijo Family despite the fact that the accession to the throne had come down to the other families, and judged that even if the head of the Nijo Family was not the incumbent regent, chief adviser to the Emperor or minister, only the 'Sokui kanjo' should be administered by the head of the Nijo Family, and that in the case where the family head inherited the Nijo Family while still young, the Emperor (who was the other that knew mysticism of the ceremony) should give instructions to the family head, all of which resulted in the official domination of the position by the Nijo Family.
- この結果、土地は天皇のものであり、臣民は天皇または領主からその使用を許されているに過ぎないと考える公地公民制思想(王土王民説)や封建領主による領主権や村などの地域共同体による共同保有といった封建制度的な土地保有形態が完全に崩壊し、土地にも保有者個人の所有権が存在する事が初めて法的に認められることになり、土地が個人の財産として流通や担保の対象として扱われるようになった。
- As a result, the idea in that all land was under the sole ownership of the emperor and individuals were merely borrowing the land from the emperor or the idea in that feudal lords had the land ownership or the idea of cooperative ownership by local communities such as villages were completely collapsed; private land ownership by individuals was recognized legally for the first time in Japan; and land came to be treated as the objects of circulation or collateral as the property of individuals.
- 初期に採用された作柄を基準に免を賦課する検見法(検見法にも主に江戸時代初期に行われた畝引検見取法と後に登場した有毛検見取法があり、畝引検見取法でも関東地方を中心とした段取畝引法と上方を中心とした厘取畝引法があった)と享保年間(関東では同7年・上方では9年)以後江戸幕府で採用されて各地に広まった一定期間の免(毛付免)を平均して算出したものを免として賦課する定免法があった。
- The Kemi-ho Method which assessed Men based on the yield, employed in the early Edo period (Kemi-ho is also divided into Sebiki Kemi, which was commonly employed in the early Edo period, and Arige Kemi which appeared later, and Sebiki Kemi is further divided into Dandori Sebiki, which was mainly employed in Kanto region, and Rindori Sebiki, which was common in Kyoto-Osaka area), and the Jomen-ho Method which assesses Men based on the average yield during a certain period, which was adopted by the Edo Shogunate and became wide spread after the Kyoho era.
- 文久3年(1863年)2月8日に尊攘派に推されて藩主になった池田茂政であるが次第に迷走するようになり、実兄の徳川慶喜が征夷大将軍になると一切の朝幕間周旋の仕事から身を引いたため、国事周旋方(尊攘派)の新庄厚信・津田弘道・平井重道らが隠居を迫り万成峠(岡山市万成)から岡山城へ大砲の音を鳴らして威嚇する事件があり、茂政より役目罷免・蟄居謹慎を命ぜられたが権六郎が執りなして蟄居謹慎を解かせた。
- Mochimasa IKEDA who was recommended by the Sonjo-ha party became the lord of the domain on March 26, 1863, but gradually strayed and when Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, his real older brother, became Seiitaishogun (great general), Mochimasa retired from the procurement work between the Shogunate and the Imperial Court, and after the incident that Atsunobu SHINJO, Hiromichi TSUDA, Shigemichi HIRAI, etc. in the procurement side of state affairs (Sonjo-ha) pressed Mochimasa to retire and threatened him by the sound of a cannon from Bansei Pass (Bansei, Okayama City) to the Okayama-jo Castle, Mochimasa ordered thier dismissal of the role and house arrest, but Gonrokuro mediated to release from the house arrest.