並行: 195 Terms and Phrases
- 並行
- side-by-side
- abreast
- concurrent
- occurring together
- at the same time
- parallelism
- paranemic
- 並行型
- parallel (processing)
- 並行性
- Concurrency (computer science)
- 並行生産
- concurrent production
- 並行演算
- concurrent operation
- 並行操作
- concurrent operation
- 並行計算
- Concurrent computing
- 並行処理
- concurrent processing
- parallel processing
- simultaneous operations
- 並行複発酵
- Multiple parallel fermentation
- 並行性制御
- Concurrency control
- 心身並行説
- Parallelism (philosophy)
- 並行周辺操作
- concurrent peripheral operation
- 毎日・月並行事
- The daily and monthly events
- 絵は窓と並行である
- the picture is even with the window
- 緯度と並行な方向に
- in a direction parallel with lines of latitude
- ~と並行して行われる
- go hand in hand with ~
- 船は岸と並行に進んだ。
- The ship was abreast of the shore.
- その道路は川と並行している。
- The road is parallel to the river.
- 海岸に近く並行した長いサンゴ礁
- a long coral reef near and parallel to the shore
- ほぼ全線がJR奈良線と並行している。
- Nearly the entire line runs in parallel with the JR Nara Line.
- また、京阪本線が並行して走っている。
- The Keihan Main Line also runs in parallel.
- 以降は国道367号と並行して南進する。
- Then it flows southwards along National Route 367.
- 左手には国道25号線と大和川が並行する。
- National Route twenty-five and the Yamato-gawa River run on the left side.
- 並行複醱酵または並行複醗酵とも書かれる。
- It can also be written as '並行複醱酵' or '並行複醗酵' in Japanese.
- 上牧~大山崎間は東海道新幹線と並行している。
- The section between Kanmaki Station and Oyamazaki runs in parallel with the Tokaido Shinkansen.
- 山間の谷に位置し、西側は京都府道が並行する。
- Located in a valley between mountains, the west side runs parallel to a Kyoto prefectural route.
- 複々線:天王寺 - 今宮(大阪環状線と並行)
- Quadruple track: between Tennoji and Imamiya (running parallel to Osaka Loop Line)
- 防波島で、ノースカロライナの海岸に並行している
- a barrier island running parallel to the North Carolina shore
- 天王寺 - 今宮間は大阪環状線と並行している。
- Trains run side by side along the Osaka Loop Line from Tennoji to Imamiya.
- 南北朝時代 (日本)には2つの元号が並行して存在
- During the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), two different gengo coexisted simultaneously.
- 並行移動(EARDAS 社IAMGINEソフトで)
- affine
- ちなみに片山は並行する福知山線の駅放送も務めている。
- KATAYAMA also makes an announcement in the stations for the Fukuchiyama Line, which runs in parallel.
- 約1キロメートル東の山沿いを伏見街道が並行している。
- Fushimi-kaido Road runs parallel about 1 km east of the Road along the foot of mountains.
- 大阪方面ホームの東側には奈良線が並行して通っている。
- The Nara Line runs in parallel along the east side of the platform for Osaka Station.
- ほぼ並行して北から建勲北通、建勲北中通、建勲通と並ぶ。
- From the north, it runs almost parallel to Kenkunkita-dori Street, Kenkunkitanaka-dori Street and Kenkun-dori Street.
- 並行プロセス `[%s]' を明示して閉じていません。
- no explicit close of co-process `[%s]' provided
- 新幹線の運賃は、並行在来線の営業キロを元に決められる。
- Fares for a section on a Shinkansen line are determined based on the railway length of the corresponding section of the regular railway line being operated in parallel with the Shinkansen line, although there are some exceptions as described later.
- この同時並行的な変化が日本酒に特徴的な並行複発酵である。
- This simultaneous change is called parallel multiple fermentation which is unique to sake brewing.
- 小乗仏教と大乗仏教は同時に並行して伝えられて来たものである
- Hinayana Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism were transmitted concurrently and simultaneously.
- 現在は同線の跡地を内包する形で名神高速道路が並行している。
- Currently, Meishin Highway runs in parallel to Oiwa-kaido road and sandwiches the site left by the Tokaido Main Line.
- また、中京区で西に高瀬川 (京都府)を分け、以南で並行する。
- Additionally, in Nakagyo Ward, the Kamogawa River splits west into the Takase-gawa River (Kyoto Prefecture) and runs southward parallel to it.
- 竹田街道の東に位置し、京阪電鉄京阪本線の西側を並行している。
- Located east of the Takeda-kaido Road, it parallels the west of the Keihan Main Line of Keihan Electric Railway.
- 由良川右岸の北近畿タンゴ鉄道北近畿タンゴ鉄道宮津線と並行している。
- This route runs in parallel with Miyazu Line of Kitakinki Tango Railway on the right bank of Yura-gawa River.
- 当時の京都では聚楽第、寺町など多くの工事が並行して行なわれていた。
- Many other constructions such as of Jurakudai Palace and Teramachi (the temples district) were under way at the same time in Kyoto.
- 四条通り以南では、鴨川と並行に北北東-南南西方向に通りが存在する。
- The street south of Shijo-dori Street runs north-northeast and then south-southwest in parallel with the Kamo-gawa River.
- 福知山駅からこの駅までJR山陰本線が並行するが山陰本線に駅はない。
- The JR Sanin Main Line runs parallel from Fukuchiyama Station past this facility, but there is no stop here on the Sanin Main line.
- 鉄道の合間に同社の路線バスがほぼ並行する路線を5往復運行していた。
- During the interval of railway service, the company's route buses made five round trips on the road runs parallel to the railway.
- 上記の国政改革と並行して、東国では寛平・延喜東国の乱が発生していた。
- In parallel with the national reformation described above, Kanbyo Engi Togoku War (Disturbance by robberies in Togoku during the eras between Kanbyo [889 to 898] and Engi [901 to 923]) occurred.
- 現在は、二条から五条に掛けて並行する木屋町通に飲食店が多く立地する。
- Today there are many food establishments along the Kiyamachi-dori Street in the area from Nijo to Gojo, where the Takase-gawa River runs in parallel.
- これは並行する東海道本線にあわせ、東京の方向を上りとしたものである。
- This is the arrangement made in accordance with the setup of the Tokaido Main Line, in which the direction toward Tokyo is designated as the inbound direction.
- また、これと並行して2度の大坂の陣にも嫡男・忠国とともに出陣している。
- He also joined Osaka no jin (the Siege of Osaka) twice with his legitimate son, Tadakuni.
- ただし、1915年(大正4年)頃まで、現代小説も並行して執筆していた。
- On the other hand, he also wrote modern novels until about 1915.
- 賀茂川以西は北に北山北通、北山北中通が、また南には北山南通が並行する。
- West of the Kamo-gawa River, Kitayama-kita-dori Street and Kitayama-kita-naka-dori Street run parallel in the north, and parallel with Kitayama-minami-dori in the south.
- 新幹線と並行在来線は原則として同一路線とみなされる(「幹在同一視」)。
- A Shinkansen line and the corresponding regular railway line operated in parallel with it are basically considered the same route ('幹在同一視' (kanzaidoitsushi in pronunciation) in abbreviation).
- これと並行して、日本列島の政治勢力も対外的に倭国と自称するようになった。
- At the same time, the political forces in the Japanese Islands used the name of Wakoku to designate their country to foreign countries.
- 須恵器と同じ時代に並行して作られたが、土師器のほうが品質的に下であった。
- The pottery was made in the same age as Sue pottery (unglazed earthenware) but was inferior in quality to Sue pottery.
- ファンサブ興隆とアニメ産業の興隆は、ほかの社会的な変動とも並行していた。
- The rise of fansubbing and the rise of the anime industry paralleled other major social shifts.
- 並行して、キリスト教の制限と貿易の管理強化をすすめ、社会の安定化に努めた。
- In parallel, the bakufu made efforts to stabilize society through restricting Christianity-related activities and strengthening the control of trade.
- 並行複発酵によってだけ、度数が20度に近い高濃度のアルコールが生成できる。
- High-alcohol sake with almost 20 percent alcohol content can be produced only in the multiple parallel fermentation process.
- 木津川 (京都府)を挟んで並行に、南岸に関西本線、北岸に国道163号がある。
- The Kansai Main Line runs along the south bank of Kizu-gawa River (Kyoto Prefecture) and National Highway 163 runs along its north bank.
- 京浜東北線には、品川~横浜間で京急本線と並行するほかは並行路線が存在しない。
- No competitors existed for the Keihin-Tohoku Line other than the Keikyu Main Line, which ran side by side with the Keihin-Tohoku Line on the Shinagawa-Yokohama section.
- それと並行して、守護は領国内の武士(国人という。)の統制・支配も進めていった。
- In parallel with that, provincial constables began controlling and governing samurais (called Kokujin) in their own territories.
- なお世界測地系(WGS84)での北緯35度線が、高辻通南側を並行して通っている。
- For reference, the northern latitude of 35 degrees of the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84) parallels along the southern edge of Takatsuji-dori Street.
- また本線と並行する一部区間は1983年に遊歩道「木幡緑道」として整備されている。
- Some sections of the land along the main line were converted into a promenade in 1983 and given the name 'Kohata Pedestrian Path.'
- また、堀川小路と西堀川小路には並行して川(堀川 (京都府)、西堀川)が流れていた。
- Also, Horikawa-koji Alley and Nishi Horikawa-koji Alley ran parallel to rivers (Horikawa River - Kyoto Pref) and Nishihorikawa River).
- 運転席の小高を真横で並行して走る車から捉えてナメるように対向移動していくショット。
- The shot of Odaka on the driver seat taken from a running car in parallel which exactly moved together.
- 並行な線を縦と横につなぎ、画素の線の交差が共に電圧が加えられた時に画素がつけられる
- parallel wires run both vertically and horizontally and pixels are turned on when the wires intersecting at that pixel are both energized
- しかし1920年、阪神急行電鉄(阪急)が阪神本線に並行して阪急神戸本線を敷設した。
- However, in 1920 Hanshin Electric Express Railway (Hankyu) constructed the Hankyu Kobe Main Line in parallel with the Hanshin Main Line.
- 所要時間は1席当たり1時間程度であり、複数の茶席を設けて並行してもてなすこともある。
- It requires about an hour per ceremony, and is performed in several tea rooms arranged side by side.
- `[%s]' へ接続するパイプを並行プロセスからフラッシュできません ([%s])。
- co-process flush of pipe to `[%s]' failed ([%s]).
- 北野天満宮の西方を流れ、しばらくのあいだ西大路通の東側100mあたりを並行して南進する。
- It flows through the west side of Kitano Temnan-gu Shrine, and flows southwards in parallel with Nishi-odori Street at about 100-m east of it.
- 伊賀市から木津川市にかけて、西日本旅客鉄道関西本線と国道163号(伊賀街道)が並行する。
- The Kansai Main Line (West Japan Railway Company) and the National Route 163 run parallel from Iga City to Kizugawa City.
- 大和郡山ジャンクション~橿原大和高田ジャンクション間は国道24号橿原バイパスと並行する。
- The section between Yamato-Koriyama Junction and Kashihara-Yamato Takada Junction parallels National Highway Route No. 24, the Kashihara Bypass.
- 並行して新たな宮殿建設地の選定も行っており、翌年(656年)には岡本に新宮殿が建てられた。
- At the same time, a new Palace site was selected, and in the following year (656), a new Palace was built in Okamoto.
- 特急便・急行便が滝野社インターチェンジ - 北条バスストップ - 津山駅間で本路線と並行。
- Limited Express Line and Express Line operate in parallel with the main line between Takinoyashiro Interchange and the Hojo bus stop.
- また並行して知行国制が成立すると、貴族の経済基盤は、荘園および知行国へとシフトしていった。
- In addition, as chigyo kokusei (the system in which Kizoku members or others were entitled to control a province through tax collection right and personnel appointment right) was also established, the economic base of Kizoku gradually shifted to shoen and chigyo-koku (provinces controlled by them).
- また、これらの活動が冷戦後のグローバリゼーションと並行したものだったことも指摘しておこう。
- We remind the reader that these activities also paralleled post-Cold War globalization.
- 麹を入れた以上、並行複発酵はおこなっていると主張できるが、実質上はビールと同じ醸造酒である。
- Although one may insist that the multiple parallel fermentation is carried out as the process includes the adding of the sake rice malt, it is in fact brew as in the case of beer.
- もろみができた直後には、ほとんどの酒が並行複発酵により20度近いアルコール度数となっている。
- Immediately after moromi is produced, almost all sake has an alcohol concentration close to twenty percent because of parallel multiple fermentation.
- 日本酒は並行複発酵によって醸造されるため、結果として20度を超える高アルコールが生成される。
- Sake is produced in the multiple parallel fermentation process, resulting in yielding a higher alcohol content of 20 percent or more.
- 並行して室町幕府は地方政権化しそれにより15世紀中期からの国内統治は幕府・守護体制とよばれる。
- In parallel with this, the Muromachi bakufu adopted the local government system, and the administration of the nation after the mid 15th century was called the Bakufu-Shugo System.
- 通用は江戸時代に入っても慶長大判と並行していたと見られ、元禄8年(1695年)に停止となった。
- It is considered to have circulated in the early Edo period as well as 'the Keicho oban', and it was abolished in 1695.
- そしてそれ以降 20 ヶ月にわたり、GCC と EGCS は並行したプロジェクトとして続いていた
- For about twenty months afterwards, GCC and EGCS continued as parallel products
- 現在では都市間交通の役割を約1km西に並行する竹田街道などに譲って、地域の生活道路となっている。
- It now functions as an intercity highway and a connection to other roads such as the Takeda-kaido Road which runs parallel 1 km west,and today serves as a community road.
- またこれと並行して大嘗祭が復活した元文3年頃より、天皇と兼香は朝廷官制の見直しの準備を開始していた。
- In parallel with this, from around 1738, when the Daijo-sai festival was revived, the Emperor and Kaneyoshi had begun preparations to overhaul the Imperial Court.
- 結核の治療で(他の薬と並行して)筋肉中に投与される基本的なポリペプチド抗生物質(商標名Viocin)
- a basic polypeptide antibiotic (trade name Viocin) administered intramuscularly (along with other drugs) in the treatment of tuberculosis
- 日本国有鉄道東海道本線の特別急行列車「つばめ (列車)」を並行区間で追い抜いたという逸話で知られる。
- There is an anecdote about this train model, according to which it outstripped the special express train Tsubame on a section of a line running parallel to the Japan National Railway Company's Tokaido Main Line.
- 漢人採用の科挙において依拠すべき注釈として『十三経注疏』と並行して朱子学系統の注釈が選ばれたのである。
- In Kakyo, which hired the Han race, a Neo-Confucianism line of commentary was selected along with 'Annotation and Interpretation Learning of Thirteen Classics' as the commentaries to rely on.
- それに並行して朝日焼も隆盛を極め、宇治茶の志向に合わせて、高級な茶器を中心に焼かれるようになっていった。
- In parallel with this, Asahi yaki reached a new height of prosperity by producing high class utensils for tea ceremony according with the trend of Uji cha.
- 1879年(明治12年)より1921年(大正10年)まで東海道本線が並行(経路変更により廃線)していた。
- The Tokaido Main Line (a railroad) ran in parallel with Oiwa-kaido road from 1879 to 1921 (and was abolished through a change in route).
- 並行在来線と接しない新幹線駅を含む区間(例:品川 - 新横浜 - 小田原)については別の路線として扱う。
- If a Shinkansen section includes no Shinkansen station connected with the regular railway line operated in parallel with the Shinkansen line, the section is dealt with a separate route (for example, the section from Shinagawa to Shin-Yokohama to Odawara).
- また、その後「天子の嫡妻」ではない女性に名誉称号として皇后の位を与える慣行も並行して行われるようになった。
- It became an institution that an honorary title of empress was given to a woman who was not a 'lawful wife of an emperor'.
- 川西池田駅から西宮名塩駅間、三田駅から丹波大山駅間、柏原駅から福知山駅間は国道176号とほぼ並行している。
- The sections between Kawanishiikeda Station and Nishinomiyanajio Station, between Sanda Station and Tamba-Oyama Station, and between Kaibara Station and Fukuchiyama Station run nearly parallel to National Route 176.
- 一方、新幹線と並行在来線とを完全に同一視すると旅客にとって不利になる場合を考慮して、以下のような例外がある。
- On the other hand, when a Shinkansen line section and the corresponding regular railway line operated in parallel with it must be considered always the same, cases disadvantageous to passengers are generated, and the following exceptions are provided.
- 大正時代から大阪電気軌道(現在の近畿日本鉄道)などの私鉄が並行して路線網を伸ばしてくると次第に利用客を奪われた。
- With private railway companies, such as the Osaka Electric Tramway (currently Kinki Nippon Railway Company), expanding their networks from the Taisho era, the line gradually lost passengers to them.
- 平安京遷都後も奈良へ向かう際は巨椋池を避け、深草大亀谷~六地蔵~宇治経由の道(現在の奈良線とほぼ並行)がとられた。
- After the capital was moved to Heian-kyo, the route to Nara went through Fukakusa Okamedani, Rokujizo and Uji, bypassing Ogura-ike Pond (the road runs roughly parallel to the present-day JR Nara Line).
- 幹在同一視の原則により、普通乗車券片道乗車券の経路に新幹線とそれに対応する区間の並行在来線の両方を含む事はできない。
- Based on the principle of kanzaidoitsushi, the route for a regular train ticket in one direction cannot include both a Shinkansen line section and a section on the regular railway in parallel with the Shinkansen line section.
- これは元来新幹線が並行在来線の別線増設として建設されたという歴史的経緯や、運賃計算の繁雑化を避けた事によるものである。
- One reason for this is the historical situation that a Shinkansen line was originally constructed as a new railway line additional to the regular railway line having been operated in parallel with it, and another reason is to avoid fare calculation from becoming complicated.
- 通用期間は天保9年(1838年)6月24日より、万延元年(1860年)4月10日までであり、享保大判と並行して流通した。
- The currency was used from August 13, 1838 to May 30, 1860, concurrently with Kyoho-Oban.
- 並行複発酵と呼ばれるこの日本酒独特の醸造方法が、他の醸造酒に比べて高いアルコール度数を得ることができる要因になっている。
- This unique brewing method for sake, called parallel multi-stage fermentation, is the factor that makes it possible for it to have a higher alcohol content than other brewages.
- 路線名の通り、大阪と京都を結ぶ路線であるが、並行するJR京都線(東海道本線)や阪急京都本線とは異なり、淀川の南側を通る。
- As the name of the line indicates, it's a railway connecting Osaka and Kyoto, but unlike the JR Kyoto Line (Tokaido Main Line) and Hankyu Kyoto Main Line, which run in parallel with each other, the line proceeds along the south bank of the Yodo-gawa River.
- 中山道ルートの内、和田峠 (長野県)を越える部分に当たる岩村田宿~下諏訪宿間については、並行する鉄道が建設されなかった。
- With respect to the area between Iwamurada-shuku and Shimosuwwa-juku straddling Wada-toge Pass (Nagano Prefecture), no railway was built to run parallel to Nakasen-do Road.
- 国鉄時代から、新幹線に並行する在来線特急との競合はあったが、同一事業者なので一般的には「競合」とはみなされていなかった。
- Even in the era of JNR, competition with limited expresses on the regular railway lines operated in parallel with Shinkansen lines existed, but the situation was considered not 'constituting a competitive situation' because both lines were operated by the same company.
- しかし、京阪神緩行線には、阪急京都本線・阪急神戸本線、阪神本線、山陽電気鉄道本線とほぼ全区間に渡って並行路線が存在した。
- In the case of the Keihanshin Local Line, by contrast, the Hankyu Kyoto Main Line, Hankyu Kobe Main Line, Hanshin Main Line, and Sanyo Railway Main Line ran side by side with it throughout the entire section.
- 条約改正は明治憲法制定と同時並行で取り組まれ、伊藤博文内閣の外相井上馨は鹿鳴館に代表される欧化政策を行いつつ交渉を進めた。
- The revision of treaties was carried out in concurrence with the establishment of the Meiji Constitution, and the Foreign Minister Kaoru INOUE of the Hirobumi ITO Cabinet engaged in negotiation while promoting the policy of Europeanization such as the construction of Rokumeikan (Deer-cry Hall).
- 内閣制度、市町村制、府県制、郡制の制定など、津々浦々に至る官僚制支配体系の整備と並行して、莫大な皇室財産の設定を行なった。
- The Emperor also set up the huge Imperial property along with all sorts of maintenance of bureaucratic control systems such as establishing the Cabinet system, municipality system, Prefectural system, and the district system.
- ビールの場合は、完全に麦汁を糖化させた後に発酵させるが、日本酒は糖化と発酵を並行して行う工程があることが大きな特徴である。
- Although in the case of beer, sweet wort is fermented after it is completely saccharified, this is a significant feature of sake brewing that a process in which saccharification and fermentation are carried out in parallelism, exists.
- このような新文体への挑戦は文学の分野で作家たちだけがしていたのではなく、当時の新聞や雑誌記事などでも並行的に行なわれていた。
- Such challenges to new writing styles were not performed not only in the field of literature but also in contemporary newspaper and magazine articles concurrently.
- 元々浜大津~近江今津間に地元資本による江若鉄道が開業しており、路線計画時にほぼ並行する形のこの江若鉄道の扱いが問題となった。
- Initially, the line between Hamaotsu Station and Omi-Imazu Station was operated by the Kojak (Kojaku) railway by local interests; the matter of the Kojak (Kojaku) railway became a problem when planning the Kosei Line, because a track in planning was substantially parallel with this line.
- 京奈和自動車道初の全線開通区間で、ほぼ全線にわたって片町線・近鉄京都線と並行し、これらの鉄道より西側(山より)を走っている。
- Keina Road, the first section of the Keinawa Jidoshado Expressway to be opened, runs parallel to the west of (closer to the mountain than) the railway of the JR Katamachi-sen/Kintetsu Kyoto Line, and does so nearly all the way.
- 1958年里見と相談して同時並行で原作小説とシナリオを書き進め『彼岸花』を完成、1960年には同じ方式で『秋日和』を完成した。
- In 1958, he collaborated with Satomi to simultaneously write an original novel and movie script, 'Higanbana' (Equinox Flower), and finished 'Akibiyori' (Late Autumn) in the same format in 1960.
- それでも、1970 年代にアメリカで起きた子ども向けテレビ浄化運動に並行して、日本アニメの暴力描写と性的内容は急激に増加した。
- Nevertheless, pressure to sanitize children's television in 1970s America paralleled dramatic advances in violence and sexual content in Japanese animation,
- 継続的な季節で2度規則的に植え込みされた間、短期間で育つ作物、または同じ季節で2つが並行して植え込まれた期間、短期間で育つ作物
- a crop that grows quickly (e.g. lettuce) and can be planted between two regular crops grown in successive seasons or between two rows of crops in the same season
- 周辺道路が非常に狭く、秋の観光シーズンには並行して走る道路が大渋滞となるため、、車内は大都市圏の通勤ラッシュ並みの混雑となる。
- The neighboring roads are extremely narrow, and, since the road which parallels the route becomes very congested during the autumn sightseeing season, the train gets as crowded as a metropolitan train during rush hour.
- 彼らは日本の満州における権益独占を好まずアメリカを盛んに引き込もうとし、その経済力を以って満鉄に並行する路線を建設しようとした。
- The Peiyang militarists disliked the condition where concessions in Manchuria were monopolized exclusively by Japan, thus The Peiyang militarists actively tried to involve the USA because of it's economic power to construct railway lines equally matched with Japan's South Manchuria Railway lines.
- 多くの区間で奈良交通の路線が並行して走るものの、奈良交通より運賃が安いこともあって、町民からはくるりんバス増便を求める声が高い。
- Although the Kururin Bus routes overlap with those of Nara Kotsu Bus in many sections, the townspeople call for the more frequent bus services due to the Kurusin Bus fare is cheaper.
- 「融かした米→グルコース」への分解工程と「グルコース→エタノール」への発酵工程が同時進行しているので、単発酵ではなく並行複発酵である。
- It is considered the multiple parallel fermentation, and not the single fermentation, because the dissolving process, in which the melted rice is turned to glucose, and the fermentation process, in which glucose is turned to ethanol, are in progress at the same time.
- 迂回路としてすぐ北側に並行する押小路通が4車線の広い通りになっており、地下鉄東西線もこの区間では北に逸れて押小路通の地下を通っている。
- Oshikoji-dori Street, which runs parallel just north, is wider with four lanes and serves as a detour; moreover, the Subway Tozai Line is also off the street northward and runs through this section under Oshikoji-dori Street.
- このほか、東側を並行する小町大路(現在の通称:辻説法通り、三浦道等)、同じく西側の今大路(同:今小路)が、南北線の基幹大路を成していた。
- In addition, streets running parallel in the east -- Komachi-oji street (today also known as Tsujiseppo dori (Preaching Street) and the Miura-do Street, etc)--and the IMAOJI (today also known as Imakoji) running west constituted the major north-to-south Oji.
- 恒久的である神殿内部の依り代と並行して、この山は神の降臨を表現する、或いは、再確認する臨時の依り代として祭礼などで用いられるようになる。
- In parallel with permanent yorishiro fixed inside shrines, these Yama (imitation mountains) have been fabricated and used in festivals as temporary yorishiro to represent or reconfirm the descent of gods.
- 東海道新幹線・阪急京都本線に並行して淀川右岸を走り、京都~大阪間42.8kmを新快速が最短28分で結んでいる(最高速度は130km/h)。
- The line runs on the right bank of the Yodo-gawa River in parallel with the Tokaido Shinkansen and the Hankyu Kyoto Line, and the special rapid connects the distance of 42.8 km between Kyoto and Osaka in 28 minutes in the shortest time (at a maximum speed of 130 km/h).
- しかし、軸部の弛緩激しく、東大壁の弛緩が特に目立ち、本建物に並行して修理の必要があったのであるが、予算の都合で壁の応急修理のみにとどめた。
- The frame, however, had become severely loosened and the condition of okabe on the east side was particularly was noticeable being in a desperate need for repairs in concurrence with the main building but, due to the budget constraint, only the walls were repaired as a temporary measure.
- 並行複発酵によって醸造されるアルコール飲料は、中国の紹興酒に代表される黄酒や韓国のマッコリ、それに日本酒といった東アジア特有のものである。
- The alcohol beverages produced in the multiple parallel fermentation process are specific to the East Asian countries, known as Huangiju (yellow wine) such as Shaoxing rice wine from China, Makgeolli from Korea, and Japanese sake.
- 知識教育に偏ることのないよう、キリスト教に基づく「徳育」を並行して進めることで、「良心の全身に充満」した人々を輩出したいと願ったのである。
- He wanted to send 'graduates filled with conscience' into the world by providing an education based on Christian values and thereby fostering well-balanced individuals.
- He wished to educate people to be 'fully conscious ' of a 'moral education' based on Christian values without leaning toward an education based on just knowledge.
- He wished to foster people 'filled with conscience to their whole bodies' by not leaning toward intellectual education but conducting 'Tokuiku' (Teaching of virtue) based on Christianity alongside.
- 彼らの統制の必要からこの権限委譲と並行して、国家から軍事警察権を委譲された軍事貴族層や武芸専門の下級官人層もまた、武士として成長していった。
- In order to govern the farmers, the government transmitted military and police power to military aristocracy and military art-specialized lower-ranking government officials, who developed into warriors (Bushi).
- これについては、日本の律令制が、律令に基づく国家による人民支配と並行して、在地首長による氏族制的な人民支配をも内包していたとする見解がある。
- This has led to the view that the Japanese Ritsuryo system included the ruling of the people by local powerful clans in parallel with the ruling of the people by the state based on the Ritsuryo system.
- それだけでなく、並行私鉄と比べても遜色のない車両であったことから、新快速の117系同様、防戦一方の国鉄のカウンターアタックのシンボルとなった。
- In addition, JNR boasted that these train series 201, along with Special Rapid series 117, were no longer inferior to the trains of private railways running in parallel, and used them as a symbol of their counter attack on private railways to which JR/JNR had been mostly defensive.
- こうしたことから、並行して材木の伐採も続けられていたが、しいたけ栽培の原木と用材の択伐のほか、枕木用の栗材や木炭生産用の雑木の伐採が主であった。
- Because of these situations, the logging of chestnut trees as the material for railroad ties and miscellaneous trees for charcoal making were the main activities, as well as the selective cutting for construction materials and pulpwood for the cultivation of shiitake mushrooms, although the logging lumber was still under way at the same time.
- よく、「麹が不要」「並行複発酵ではなく単発酵」と誤解されているが、実際は麹による糖化が必要な並行複発酵(麹歩合が原料米の3%以上必要とされる)。
- Although,about the method, it is often misconceived that 'No rice malt is necessary' or 'Single fermentation is done, not multiple parallel fermentation,' the multiple parallel fermentation is actually done, which requires saccharification with rice malt (the rice malt over 3% of the amount of the original rice is required).
- 御室川合流から西京極まで天神川通(国道162号・京都市道184号宇多野吉祥院線)と並行してさらに南流し、南区吉祥院下ノ向町で桂川 (淀川水系)に注ぐ。
- After merging with Omuro-gawa River, it flows further southwards in parallel with Tenjingwa-dori Street (National Route 162/the Utanokisshoin Line of Kyoto Municipal Route 184) before reaching Nishi-Kyogoku, finally being merged into Katsura-gawa River (Yodo-gawa River system) in Kisshoin Shimonomukai-cho, Minami Ward.
- またこれと並行して、守護は強い経済力をもって、上記の在庁官人の他、国内の地頭・名主といった有力者(当時、国人と呼ばれた)をも被官(家臣)にしていった。
- In parallel with these processes, the shugo, with their strong economy, recruited as vassals even influential figures called kokujin, such as the jito (estate steward) and the myoshu (owner of the paddy field) in the province, in addition to the zaicho-kannin mentioned above.
- しかし桃山~新田間で東側に大きく迂回する形となっており、城陽以南は町の中心部の外れを走るので並行する近鉄京都線とは京奈間・地域輸送共にまだ格差がある。
- However, trains go around toward the east between Momoyama Station and Shinden Station and run the edge of the central part of town in Joyo or to the south of Joyo; thus the regional and transportation gaps between the Nara Line and the Kintetsu Kyoto Line remain.
- 本来の源氏物語の本文校訂の作業と並行して方法論に関する研究論文を発表したり、学んだ研究方法を小規模な作品の本文に適用して実践するということも行われた。
- He carried out his primary work of the textual collation of The Tale of Genji, and at the same time he presented his research paper on methodology, and also practically applied the method he learned to studying the text of the small-scale work.
- 並行して北から御所田上通(新町通から堀川通東入)、御所田北通、御所田北中通、御所田通、御所田南中通、御所田南通、御所田下通とおよそ50m間隔でならぶ。
- Running parallel from the north is Goshodenkami-dori Street (from Shinmachi-dori Street to Horikawa-dori Street Higashi-iru), Goshodenkita-dori Street, Goshoden Kitanaka-dori Street, Goshoden-dori Street, Goshoden Minaminaka-dori Street, Goshodenminami-dori Street, and Goshodenshimo-dori Street which are spaced approximately 50 m from each other.
- 江戸時代の伏見は交通の要衝であり、京と伏見の間の物資の運搬路として、この伏見街道に並行して、陸路の竹田街道や、水路の高瀬川 (京都府)水運が開かれた。
- During the Edo period Fushimi was a traffic hub because the Takeda-kaido Road and the Takase-gawa River (Kyoto Prefecture) channel were developed at the same time as the Fushimi-kaido Road for use as a land route and water route respectively to transport goods between Kyo and Fushimi.
- 1963年(昭和38年)4月24日 東海道新幹線の高架線が完成し、並行する阪急京都線側も高架化するため仮線として上牧~大山崎間で新幹線線路の借用開始。
- April 24, 1963: The elevation work of the tracks of the Tokaido Shinkansen was completed, and the tenancy of the track between Kanmaki Station and Oyamazaki Station commenced for the Shinkansen to use as a provisional track during the elevation work, which was scheduled to be carried out on the site extended in parallel along the Keihan Kyoto Line.
- 八条駅(京都~東寺間 1928年11月15日~1945年) - 東海道本線と並行向きに京都駅を出た列車が、南へ進行方向を変えるあたりに設けられていた駅。
- Hachijo Station (between Kyoto Station and Toji Station, from November 15, 1928 to 1945) -- a station located so that the trains, which started from Kyoto Station toward the direction parallel with the Tokaido Main Line, could change to the southerly direction.
- そのため、却って実際に用いられていたと見られる『内裏式』・『内裏儀式』の編纂と並行して更に別の儀式が編纂・成立する余地はなかったと考えられるようになった。
- Accordingly, it came to be considered that they could not afford to compile and establish any other Gishiki in parallel with compilation of 'Dairi shiki' and 'Dairi Gishiki' which might have been practically used.
- これに並行して鎮守府諸施設の工事が始まり、1901年(明治34年)10月1日に舞鶴鎮守府が開庁、初代司令長官は当時海軍中将であった東郷平八郎が任命された。
- At the same time construction of the facilities for Chinjufu began, and on October 1, 1901, Maizuru Chinjufu started operations under first Admiral Heihachiro TOGO who had been a vice admiral till then.
- 1991年から西日本旅客鉄道(JR西日本)も、並行するJR奈良線京都~奈良間に快速列車を運転し対抗しているが、運転本数の多さで近鉄京都線がまだ優勢である。
- In 1991 the West Japan Railway Company (JR West) got into the competition, beginning its operation between Kyoto Station and Nara Station on the JR Nara Line, which runs in parallel; however, the Kintetsu Kyoto Line is still dominant in terms of the number of trains operating.
- また並行して発掘調査も続いており、1972年から居延考古隊がエチナ河流域の再調査を行い、1973年以降、さらに2万枚以上の木簡が発見されている(居延新簡)。
- In addition, the excavation and investigation been continued in parallel, and Kyoen archaeological team started to re-examine the Ejin river area in 1972 and more than 20,000 mokkans have been discovered since 1973 (Kyoen Shinkan).
- 同じ並行複発酵の酒文化圏である中国では、序文が1117年に書かれたことがわかっている醸造技術書『北山酒経』によれば、すでに宋 (王朝)の時代に「酵」と呼ばれていた。
- In China, which belongs to the same liquor culture region of multiple parallel fermentation, fermentation was already called 'Ko' in the age of the Sung dynasty, according to a brewing treatise titled 'Hokuzan Shukei' (book on brewing technique), the preface of which is known to be written in 1117.
- 近代になると、昭和8年(1933年)に鳥羽街道と並行する旧京阪国道(京都府道・大阪府道13号京都守口線)が竣工し、京都・大阪間の主要交通道路の座を譲ることとなった。
- During modern times, in 1933 the Old Keihan-kokudo National Road (Kyoto-Moriguchi-sen, Kyoto Fudo 13 Go and Osaka Fudo 13 Go (Kyoto/Osaka Prefectural Road 13)), which ran parallel to the Toba-kaido Road, was completed, and it turned into a primary highway between Kyoto and Osaka.
- かつて、京都と伏見を結ぶ運河であった頃は、現在の鴨川合流点のやや上流側で鴨川を東へ横断したのち、一部区間で竹田街道と並行、濠川と合流し伏見港を経て淀川に合流していた。
- When it was a canal that connected Kyoto and Fushimi, it crossed the Kamo-gawa River eastward slightly above today's joint with the Kamo-gawa River, running in parallel with the Takeda-kaido Road in some sections, joining with the Hori-kawa River, and then flowed into the Yodo-gawa River via Fushimi Port.
- 1980 年代のあれこれと並行して、徳間がストリームラインに『ラピュタ』をライセンスしたのは、ストリームラインに自腹でこの映画をテストマーケティングさせるためだった。
- Parallel to maneuverings in the previous decade, Tokuma licensed Laputa to Streamline so that the former could test-market the film at Streamline's expense.
- 並行在来線と接しない新幹線駅については、それに最も近い(もしくは対応する)並行在来線の駅に相当するものとして営業キロを定める(例新花巻駅は花巻駅の営業キロを用いる)。
- When a Shinkansen station is not connected to a station on the regular railway line operated in parallel, the nearest (corresponding) station on the regular railway line is used for calculating route distances (for example, Hanamaki Station is used for calculating the route distance for Shin-Hanamaki Station).
- これら路線の多くは、既存の鉄道線と競合する形で敷設されたものとなっており、「(既存の並行線よりも)高規格な路線において、高速運転を行うこと」がその建設目的となっていた。
- Many of these routes were laid in places where they came to compete with existing railways, and one of their objectives of laying new railways was 'to introduce higher standard railways to offer higher speed operations' (compared to existing railways provided in parallel).
- しかし、ゼンショーは、関西における知名度の高さやメニューの独自性を高く評価しており、すき家と並行してブランドを存続していくとし、将来的にも、吸収・統合の予定はないとした。
- However Zensho Co., Ltd. announced that it would not absorb or merge it but maintain the brand of Nakau in parallel with Sukiya, because it highly appreciated its name recognition in Kansai and its uniqueness of the menus.
- もともと、京都~竹田間は近鉄京都線と並行し、乗客が少ない(九条、十条、くいな橋が、乗降客数のワースト3駅である)うえ、京都駅の徒歩圏内にあることも影響していると考えられる。
- The section between Kyoto and Takeda ran parallel with Kintetsu Kyoto Line from the very outset and in addition to the number of passengers being small (Kujo, Jujo and Kuinabashi Stations are the three worst as far as number of passengers are concerned,) the fact that the station is within walking distance of Kyoto Station is considered to be influencing the consequences.
- 42系電車は当時の省電としては破格の車両であったが、並行するライバル私鉄の車両から比べると、普通車_(鉄道車両)の背ずりが板張りであったりしたことが、やや遜色があったといえる。
- Although 42 types of electric cars were distinguished ones from other cars of the JNR, they were still a little inferior to those of other competing private railway companies in some respects, they had wooden backs for third-class car seats.
- 一つずつ牡蠣の水気を取り同時進行で揚げ油など加熱して準備(約160℃から170℃前後)しながら、揚げ衣(フライ)用の小麦粉、溶き卵、パン粉をボールに入れ準備し、並行作業も進める。
- Draw moisture from the oyster one by one while preheating frying oil to about 160 to 170 degrees Celsius, and simultaneously pour flour, beaten egg and bread crumbs into bowls for coating.
- 我々は、ガザ地区からのいかなる撤退も、祖国の両翼の地理的連続や人口学的および政治学的一体性が維持されるように、ウエスト・バンクの別の撤退と並行して行われるべきであると信じています。
- We believe that any withdrawal from the Gaza Strip has to be parallel to other withdrawals in the West Bank in a way that maintains the geographic contiguity and the demographic and political unity of the two wings of our homeland.
- ほぼ全区間阪急電鉄の阪急京都本線(京都線)と並行し、近畿日本鉄道にも近鉄京都線があって、それぞれ大阪(梅田)駅、京都駅で接続しているため、混同を避けるために愛称に「JR」と付けている。
- The prefix 'JR' had to be added to 'Kyoto Line' in this unofficial name to prevent confusion as this line connects with the Hankyu Kyoto Line, operated by the Hankyu Corporation (nearly all of which runs in parallel with the JR Kyoto Line), at Osaka (Umeda) Station and the Kintetsu Kyoto Line, operated by the Kintetsu Corporation, at Kyoto Station.
- 並行するトンネル同士は規定の間隔が必要になるため、北行きのトンネルはウワナベ古墳の濠の直下もしくは水際に来ることになり、タンクローリーの通行を禁じる制限を有する水面下トンネルになるとされる。
- The tunnel running northward is planned to be underwater tunnels, where limited access is imposed on tankers because the tunnels will be placed beneath the moat itself or the surroundings of Uwanabe Ancient Tomb, in order to provide the required space between two tunnels running parallel with each other.
- また、近隣間の些細なトラブルでさえ暴力によって解決される傾向にあった、そのため、秀吉は刀狩と並行して武器の使用による紛争の解決を全国的に禁止(喧嘩停止令)し、この施策は江戸幕府にも継承された。
- People would often resort to force to solve even trivial matters, and Hideyoshi addressed this by prohibiting any conflict resolution using weapons (kenka choji rei (edict prohibiting quarrel and fighting)) throughout the nation in parallel with katanagari edict, which was inherited by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 岡山県岡山市~広島県福山市にかけて、国道2号がかつての山陽道を踏襲していないこともあって、かつての山陽道やそれに並行する道路は「旧山陽道」と呼ぶのが岡山県や広島県東部では、一般的となっている。
- The historical Sanyodo and the roads running in parallel with it are collectively called 'Old Sanyodo' in Okayama Prefecture and East Hiroshima Prefecture, because National Highway 2 does not follow it between Okayama City (Okayama Prefecture) and Fukuyama City (Hiroshima Prefecture).
- 現在、京都市~城陽市の京奈北道路区間については城陽市を東西に通る高速自動車国道の新名神高速道路の整備建設計画があり、また西側に2003年に開通した第二京阪道路が並行しているため、計画区間である。
- The Keinakita Road section connecting Kyoto City and Joyo City is now in the planning stage, because there is a plan to improve the Shin Meishin Expressway, a national expressway running east to west in Joyo City, and because the Daini-Keihan-Doro Highway (which opened in 2003) runs parallel with its western portion.
- 従来、入会地とされてきた土地や森林が、地租改正と並行して行われた官有民地区分事業において「持主不明」であることを理由に官有地や御料林に組み入れられて住民の自由な利用が禁止されたことに対する農民の抵抗。
- Peasants' resistance during the process of dividing public and private lands accompanying the land-tax reform, against changing mountains and forests that had been treated as iriaichi (common land) into national land or Imperial property for the reason that iriaichi had no owners; and against bans on free access to iriaichi by neighbor residents
- 日本酒における健全醗酵(けんぜんはっこう)とは、製法上の概念の一つで、人為的もしくは非人為的に並行複醗酵が阻害されることなく、ほんらいの清酒酵母が自然に持っている力が十全に活かされてのびのびと醗酵を遂げることをいう。
- The natural fermentation is one of notions in Japanese sake production and means that, without artificial or non-artificial inhibition of simultaneous plural fermentation, the power which original sake yeast has by itself is fully utilized to complete fermentation without any inhibition.
- 外務卿(後の外務大臣 (日本))井上馨を中心として条約改正の実現のために、憲法などの法典編纂と並行して、日本の文化をヨーロッパ風にすることで彼らが国際法の適用対象として見なす文明国の一員であることを認めさせようとしたのである。
- They, led by Kaoru INOUE, Gaimukyo (chief of Foreign Ministry, the later Minister of Foreign Affairs [in Japan]), attempted to get recognized as part of civilized nations, regarded as subject to international law by Europeanizing Japanese culture in tandem with work on the compilation of a legal code such as The Constitution of Japan to achieve the revision of a treaty.
- また、戒律復興と並行して真言密教の研究を重視しており、弟子の忍性が東国において社会活動や布教に熱を入れすぎて教学が疎かになっているのを窘めたり、元寇の際には西大寺や四天王寺などでモンゴル帝国軍撃退の祈祷や密教儀式を行っている。
- Eison regarded a revival of the precepts and the study of Shingon Esoteric Buddhism as equally important, so he reprimanded his disciple Ninsho for being negligent of the study by being too enthusiastic about social activities and propagation in eastern Japan, and at the time of Mongol invasion attempts against Japan, he offered a prayer and ritual of Esoteric Buddhism at Saidai-ji and Shitenno-ji Temples to repel the Mongol Empirical army.
- 一方で、この区間は通行料不要の名阪国道も並行しており、この区間にある伊賀市からは伊賀鉄道伊賀線や大阪・名古屋への高速バスも走っていることから、あえて地元が資金を負担してまで電化する理由を見いだせないのではないか、との意見も多い。
- On the other hand, not a few people argue that there is no reason to promote electrification while sharing the construction cost on the grounds that the Meihan National Route, which is free of fare, runs side by side with the line and the Iga Line of Iga Railway Company as well as highway buses are being operated from Iga City, which is located in this section, to Osaka/Nagoya.
- 並行複発酵(へいこうふくはっこう)とは、醸造酒の製造過程で起こる発酵の一種であり、麹の酵素によってデンプンがブドウ糖に変化する糖化と、ブドウ糖が酵母の働きによってアルコールに変化する発酵とが、同一容器中で同時に行われることをいう。
- Multiple parallel fermentation ('並行複発酵') is a type of fermentation that takes place in the sake brewing process, meaning that saccharification (the conversion of starch into glucose by koji enzyme) and fermentation (the conversion of glucose into alcohol by yeast) occur simultaneously in the same container.
- 並行する京阪宇治線や近鉄京都線は以前から多数の列車が運行されていたのに対し、奈良線は国鉄末期の1984年まで鉄道の電化がされず、電化後も国鉄民営化までのしばらくは国鉄105系電車の2両編成などが細々と走る小さなローカル線でしかなかった。
- While many trains used to run on the Keihan Uji Line and the Kintetsu Kyoto Line (both of which run parallel to the Nara Line), the Nara Line was only electrified toward the end of JNR in 1984; consequently, it remained just a small local line on which the JNR/JR Commuter Train Series 105 (comprising two cars or the like) ran for some time, even after electrification, until the privatization of the JNR.
- 三条駅 (京都府)以南は京阪本線の地上線の跡地であり、1987年に京阪本線の鴨川沿いの東福寺駅 - 三条駅 (京都府)が連続立体交差されたことにより生じた土地と、並行する琵琶湖疏水の溝渠化で出来た用地を使って塩小路通まで延長されている。
- South of Sanjo Station (Kyoto Prefecture), the street has been extended to Shiokoji-dori Street using the site of the old ground-based Keihan Main Line, which was vacated through the construction of the continuous multi-level crossing of the Keihan Main Line in 1987 between Tofukuji Station and Sanjo Station (Kyoto Prefecture) along the Kamo-gawa River, and the land produced through the construction of a culvert of Biwako Sosui (channel) that is parallel with it.
- そのため、小辺路や大峯奥駈道のような例外はあるものの、古人の拓いた道と現在の主要な交通路が、並行(中辺路と国道311号線、JR紀勢本線・国道42号線の紀伊半島部分と大辺路・伊勢路)していることや、重複(前述)していることが少なくないのである。
- With the exception of roads including Kohechi and Omine Okugake-michi (paths), roads developed by ancient people and current major traffic routes are often paralleled (examples: Nakahechi and National Route 311; portion of National Route 42 and the JR Kisei Main Line included in Kii Peninsula and Ohechi and Ise-ji Routes) or often overlapped (as prescribed earlier).
- 乗車人員が少ない駅が多かったが、1986年11月1日の宝塚以北電化、宝塚~新三田間複線化を機に、篠山口駅以南では沿線の開発が急ピッチで進められ、その上並行する阪急電鉄阪急宝塚本線・阪急伊丹線から大幅に乗客がシフトしたこともあって乗客数は急増。
- There used to be many stations used by small numbers of passengers, but the numbers of passengers increased enormously, not only because the development along the line below Sasayamaguchi Station moved ahead at a fast pace as the line above Takarazuka was electrified and the line between Takarazuka and Shin-Sanda was double-tracked on November 1, 1986, but also because many passengers switched from the Hankyu Takarazuka Line of the Hankyu Railway and the Hankyu Itami Line (which lie in parallel with the Fukuchiyama Line) to the Fukuchiyama Line.
- この期間、国内税率を一律固定化する公田官物率法が導入されたり、小規模な名田に並行して広く領域的な別名が公認されるようになったり、大規模事業の財源として一国単位で一律に課税する一国平均役が成立するなど、社会構造に変革を及ぼすような政策がとられた。
- During this period, some policies, which affected the social structure, were developed: the Koden kanmotsu rippo, which fixed the domestic tax rate, was introduced; bechimyo (large territories including mountains and forests) was authorized alongside small-sized Myoden; Ikkoku heikinyaku (taxes and labor uniformly imposed on every private estate in one province) in order to get financial resources for large-scale projects.
- 上牧駅 (大阪府)前後から大山崎駅にかけて一部高架区間があるが、これは並行する東海道新幹線の建設に併せて造られたもので、高架化工事中の1963年4月から12月までの間、先に完成していた東海道新幹線の高架線路を借りて列車の運行を行っていたことがある。
- From around Kanmaki Station (Osaka Prefecture) to Oyamazaki Station, there is an elevated section, which was made in connection with the construction of the Tokaido Shinkansen running in parallel, and during the period of the elevation work from April to December 1963 the company hired the elevated tracks of the Tokaido Shinkansen, which had already been constructed at that time, in order to operate the trains using them.
- 途中御前通を東端として、この通りの一本北に走る妙心寺道を上ノ下立売通(かみのしもたちうりどおり)、略称「かみのしもだち」とよぶことがあり、その対として並行する下立売通のこの区間を下ノ下立売通(しものしもたちうりどおり)、略称「しものしもだち」とよぶ。
- Taking a part of Onmae-dori street as the eastern edge, Myoshinjimichi road is known as Kamino-shimotachiuri-dori Street or 'Kamino-Shimodachi' for short, and the section between Simono-Shimotauchi-dori Street which runs side by side with it is called 'Shimono-Shimodachi.'
- しかし8世紀末以降、律令による編戸制、班田収授法による公民支配が次第に弛緩していくのと並行して郡司層による民の支配と編成の機構は崩壊し、新たに富豪と呼ばれる土着国司子弟、郡司、有力農民らが出挙によって多くの公民を私的隷属関係の下に置く関係が成立していく。
- However, after the late eighth century, as henko-sei (the organization of the people) by the Ritsuryo and domination over the citizens by Handen Shuju ho (the law of periodic reallocations of rice land) gradually loosened, the mechanism of domination and organization of people by the gunji class collapsed, and there were established relations in which children of native kokushi who were newly called the rich and powerful class, gunji, influential farmers and other people turned many citizens into their private slaves by suiko (government loans made to peasants).
- これらの改造と並行して、既存の車両の座席撤去、ロングシート化も推進され、1942年に横須賀線用(後には宮様の千葉陸軍戦車学校通学に伴い中央・総武緩行線に転属)の2等車として転出したクロハ69001, 002を除くクロハ69、クハ68の全車がクハ55に編入された。
- Along with the above remodeling, withdrawal of seats or the introduction of bench-seats for existing cars was implemented, and all Kuroha 69 and Kuha 68 cars became Kuha 55, except for Kuroha 69001 and 002 that were transferred to the Yokosuka Line in 1942 as second-class cars (they were later transferred to the Chuo/Sobu Local Line for the purpose of transporting the prince to the Chiba Army Tank School).
- 並行在来線(の一部)が廃止されたり第三セクター鉄道に転換されたりして「並行するJR線」が消滅した区間(長野新幹線の高崎駅 - 軽井沢駅 - 長野駅間・東北新幹線の盛岡駅 - 八戸駅間・九州新幹線の新八代駅 - 川内駅間)については、実際のキロ数を営業キロとする。
- When a 'JR line operated in parallel' has become unused because (a portion of) a regular railway line operated in parallel has been abolished or has been transferred to a joint public-private venture railway company (for examples, the section from Takasaki Station to Karuizawa Station to Nagano Station on the Nagano Shinkansen line, the section between Morioka Station and Hachinohe Station on the Tohoku Shinkansen line, and the section between Shin-Yatsushiro Station and Sendai Station on the Kyushu Shinkansen line), the actual route distance is used for the fare calculation.
- 完全醗酵または完全発酵(かんぜんはっこう)とは、日本酒の製法上の重要概念の一つで、並行複醗酵において、酵母が日本酒醪(もろみ)の中の糖分をほぼ分解しつくしたことによって自然に衰弱し、これによって醗酵作用が止まること、あるいは、そこまで自然に醗酵を全うさせることをいう。
- Complete fermentation is one of the important notions in producing Japanese sake, and means that, in parallel multi-fermentation, yeast has almost completed decomposing sugar in Japanese sake moromi (raw unrefined sake), resulting in getting weak by itself and terminating fermentation activity, or that the yeast has thus far completed fermentation by itself.
- 注「並行在来線」とは、東海道新幹線では東海道本線、山陽新幹線では東海道本線・山陽本線・鹿児島本線、東北新幹線の東京駅 - 盛岡駅間では東北本線、上越新幹線では(東北本線)・高崎線・上越線・信越本線、九州新幹線の川内駅 (鹿児島県) - 鹿児島中央駅間では鹿児島本線のこと。
- Note: 'regular railway lines being operated in parallel' indicate the Tokaido main line for the Tokaido Shinkansen line, the Tokaido main line, Sanyo main line and Kagoshima main line for the Sanyo Shinkansen line, the Tohoku main line for the section between Tokyo Station and Morioka Station on the Tohoku Shinkansen line, (the Tohoku main line), the Takasaki line, Joetsu line and Shinetsu main line for the Joetsu Shinkansen line, and the Kagoshima main line for the section between Sendai Station (located in Kagoshima Prefecture) and the Kagoshima-Chuo Station on the Kyushu Shinkansen line.
- 通説によれば、延喜年間に延喜格式と並行して編纂が行われたとされ、『本朝法家目録文書』及び『本朝書籍目録』によれば、ともに10巻とし、前者には約90条の目録を掲げているが、『北山抄』・『江家次第』・『中右記』などにその逸文とされるものが記載されており、藤原俊憲の『貫首秘抄』でも職事が持つべき書として挙げている。
- It was commonly accepted that Engi Gishiki was compiled in parallel with Engi Kyakushiki during the Engi era -- According to 'Honcho hoke mokuroku monjo' (Catalogue of legalist documents in our country) and 'Honcho shoseki mokuroku' (Catalogue of books in our country), Engi Gishiki and Engi Kyakushiki were in ten volumes respectively and ninety items were listed for the former; and such documents as 'Hokuzansho' (Manual of court rules and customs), 'Goke shidai' (Ritual Compendium by the House of Oe), and 'Chuyuki' (The Diary of the Minister of the Right, written by Munetada FUJIWARA) recorded the parts which was considered to be a surviving fragment of the former; and 'Kanju hisho' (also referred to as Kanzu hisho; Secret Notes by Head Chamberlain) written by FUJIWARA no Toshinori recommended the former as a must for Shikiji (Chamberlains).
- 日本酒は、一つの醪の中で、デンプンが日本酒麹の酵素によって糖に変わる糖化と、糖が日本酒酒母(または酒母)(もと)で培養された酵母によってアルコールと二酸化炭素に変わるという分解が、同時並行的に進むという並行複醗酵によって醸造されるが、この後者である分解が最後まで進むか否かによって、醗酵の様態は完全醗酵と不完全醗酵に大別される。
- Japanese liquor is brewed in the same moromi through parallel multi-fermentation consisting of the saccharification which is conversion of starch to sugar by sake rice malt enzyme and of the decomposition which is the conversion of sugar to alcohol and carbon dioxide by sake mash (a large number of cultured yeast cells); and whether the latter process, namely the decomposition, progresses to the end or not determines roughly the mode of fermentation, complete or incomplete.
- 上記のほか、木津 - 奈良間では奈良線の全列車と片町線の一部の列車が乗り入れており、奈良線直通で京都 - 奈良間に奈良線みやこ路快速・快速列車・区間快速が、片町線方面には快速・区間快速が、また大阪環状線と並行する新今宮 - 天王寺間には阪和線・大阪環状線から南紀方面特別急行列車や関空快速、紀州路快速、快速などが直通運転されている。
- Between Kizu and Nara, all Nara Line trains and some Katamachi Line trains run through to the Yamatoji Line; between Kyoto and Nara, the Nara Line operates a through service for its Miyakoji rapid trains, its rapid trains, and its regional rapid trains and the Katamachi Line operates quarter rapid and regional rapid trains; and between Shin-Imamiya and Tennoji (which runs parallel to the Osaka Loop Line), Nanki-bound special express trains, Kanku rapid trains, Kishuji rapid trains, and rapid trains from the Hanwa Line and Osaka Loop Line run directly through to the Yamatoji Line.
- 並行する東海道本線や東海道新幹線の整備、近鉄特急の攻勢で、名古屋 - 奈良・大阪間の輸送よりも、名古屋と伊勢市・南紀を結ぶ快速や特急による都市間輸送・観光輸送、電化された愛知・三重県内の名古屋 - 亀山・伊勢間および奈良県・大阪府内の加茂 - 大阪間における都市間輸送・通勤通学輸送が中心の路線となっている(詳細な運行形態は後述)。
- Due to the competitions with the Tokaido Main Line, the Tokaido Shinkansen and Kintetsu Limited Express, however, the line is currently being used mainly for interurban transportation/tourists transportation by Rapid and Limited Express between Nagoya and Ise City/Nanki region as well as for interurban transportation/commuters transportation on the electrified sections between Nagoya and Kameyama/Ise in Aichi/Mie Prefecture and Kamo and Osaka in Nara/Osaka Prefecture, rather than the transportation between Nagoya and Nara/Osaka (details of operation are to be mentioned below).
- これを受けて改革掛にいた旧幕臣の杉浦譲が「戸籍編成例目」を手直しして四民平等を前面に出した戸籍法案を建議するものの、大木は大江卓の献言を受けて穢多非人の解放の基本方針には賛成するが、生活改善事業と並行して漸進的に行うべきであり、今回の戸籍制定には関連づけないとして、明治4年(1871年)4月4日に穢多非人を先送りにしたままの戸籍法が制定された。
- Responding to this, Jo SUGIURA who was a former retainer of shogun and in charge of revision at Minbusho modified 'Koseki hensei rei moku' and made a proposal in which he placed the equality of all people to the front, but OKI, accepting Taku OE's suggestion, reached the conclusion that, although he agreed to the keynote of emancipation of Eta and Hinin, the emancipation had to be progressed gradually along with service of life bettering and was not to be connected with the family register formation this time, hence the Family Registration Law was enacted on April 4, 1871 putting off the issue of Eta and Hinin.
- このようにはっきりと甲乙の異なる「ヨ」や、発音の異なる「ユ」の表記が並行して用いられていること、そして記紀万葉のみならず延喜式などやや後世の文献でも数通りの呼称があり、表記がどれかに収束することなく、ヨの甲乙が異なる「月読」と「月夜見」表記が並行して用いられていることから、ツクヨミの神格は一義的に決定できるようなものではないことは明らかである。
- Therefore, the fact that Tsukuyomi was cited under different names-with the 'ヨ' ('yo') sound being distinctively different between '月読' ('Tsukuyomi') and '月夜見' ('Tsukiyomi') as indicated with '甲' and '乙' and the parallel use of the 'ユ' ('yu') sound-and that these names appear not only in 'Kojiki,' 'Nihon Shoki' and 'Manyoshu' but also in the literature of later times like 'Engishiki' without converging on any one of them, clearly shows that Tsukuyomi's divinity cannot be determined according to a single quality.
- ちなみに完全醗酵を好む杜氏たちのあいだでは、デンプンの並行複醗酵に限ってその良し悪しを語るのでなく、米に含まれているたんぱく質や脂肪など、デンプン以外の成分も、麹菌と酵母の作用によって分解され、複雑なプロセスを経て、それなりに玄妙な香味を構成する微量成分になっていくので、不完全醗酵であるとこうしたプロセスも一部切り捨ててしまう結果となるため、醪としてはは未熟である、という意見がある。
- In fact, some of chief sake brewers who like complete fermentation have an opinion that, in discussing the quality of fermentation, we should not focus only on parallel multi-fermentation, but we should consider the moromi as immature because the incomplete fermentation cuts off a part of process in which the ingredients such as protein and fat other than starch contained in rice are decomposed by Aspergillus oryzae and yeast, and then converted through complex processes to minor constituents to generate delicate flavors.
- 最終的に徳川家康による領国貨幣とも言うべき慶長小判慶長丁銀が全国統一により公鋳貨幣としての地位を築くことになるが、多額に上る慶長金銀の海外流出などにより地方まで充分に行き渡らなかったため通貨の全国統一を達成するには至らず、依然、各地銀山から発行される極印銀などの領国貨幣が並行して通用し、国内で不足気味の慶長金銀を補佐する役割を果たしていたため幕府も流通を黙認し、また諸国大名が、参勤交代のとき中央貨幣である慶長金銀と交換するための手段としても用いられた。
- Keicho koban (oval gold coin) and keicho chogin (oval silver coin), which can be considered as ryogoku kahei issued by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, eventually established their position as an official currency cast by the government for the unification of the whole country, but were not made sufficiently available in the chiho (regions) because a large amount of Keicho gold and silver flowed out to foreign countries, failing in the nation-wide currency unification, and therefore, ryogoku kahei such as chiho hallmark silver issued by silver mines at various places, were still used in parallel, serving to fill the shortage of Keicho gold and silver, silently allowed to circulate, and used by daimyo (Japanese feudal lords) of various provinces also as a means to exchange with Keicho gold coins, the central currency at the time of Sankin-kotai (daimyo's alternate-year residence in Edo).