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下る: 384 Terms and Phrases

下る
to descend
to go down
to come down
to be handed down (of an order, judgment, etc.)
to pass (of time)
to surrender
to capitulate
to be less than
to be inferior to
to have the runs
to have diarrhea
to hang down
to abate
to retire
to fall
to step back
decline
running down

路下る
Jisagaru

食下る
to hang on to
to hang from
to cling to
to hound
to doggedly oppose
to tenaciously face (someone)
to grab the front of the opponent's mawashi, place one's head against their chest, and lower one's hips

駆下る
to run down

天下る
to descend from heaven

寺下る
Kashiwayachou

下る人
someone who descends

川を下る
to descend a river

瀬を下る
to descend the rapids

駆け下る
to run down

食い下る
to hang on to
to hang from
to cling to
to hound
to doggedly oppose
to tenaciously face (someone)
to grab the front of the opponent's mawashi, place one's head against their chest, and lower one's hips

腹が下る
to have loose bowels

野に下る
to leave the government service

流れ下る
to flow down
to run down

流れを下る
drop

立売通下る
Icchoume

天罰が下る
to receive divine punishment

判決が下る
to be judged
to be sentenced

中立売下る
Shinmeichou

滝を下る。
Down that falls.

九州へ下る
to go down to Kyushu

声涙倶に下る
to speak through one's tears
to speak with tears in one's eyes

宮通六条下る
Wakamiyachou

織田氏へ下る
Surrendered to the Oda clan

声涙ともに下る
to speak through one's tears
to speak with tears in one's eyes

東大路五条下る
Tokiwachou

(の)軍門に下る
surrender

急速に、速く下る
descend steeply and rapidly

堀川の間中立売下る
Tsukinukechou

大黒町通松原下る３丁目
Daikokuchou

穀馬場通河原町西入下る
Shioyachou

13歳で鎌倉へと下る。
At age 13, he went to Kamakura.

木をいかだに組んで川を下る
raft wood down a river

観覧船と鵜舟が併走し川を下る。
A spectator boat and ubune go down the river side by side.

18日、頼朝追討の宣旨が下る。
On November 18, the imperial decree to hunt down and kill Yoritomo was issued.

私たちの所有地は川に向かって下る
Our property dips towards the river

駅から二ノ瀬集落へは階段で下る。
Ninose Village can be reached by taking the stairs down from the station.

子供は雪の丘を下るために列になった
the children lined up for a coast down the snowy slope

特に重く、または、不意に垂直に下る
straight down especially heavily or abruptly

坂東武者たちもこれに続いて駆け下る。
The Bando musha cavalrymen followed Yoshitsune in riding down the hill.

階段を下るときには、注意してください
use care when going down the stairs

火山の斜面を下る、火山水と泥のなだれ
an avalanche of volcanic water and mud down the slopes of a volcano

尊皇攘夷思想に惹かれて鹿児島に下る。
Being attracted to the thought of Sonno Joi (reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners), he went to Kagoshima.

彼らは敵の上に天罰が下ることを祈った。
They called down the wrath of God upon the heads of their enemies.

時代を下るに従って小型になってきている。
As one goes forward in time, the size of choshi has been becoming smaller.

新天地を求めて地方に下ることが多くなる。
Many of the people from the Saga Genji went to countryside seeking a new world.

それが元で死に、黄泉の国に下る事になる。
She died from this, and went down to yominokuni (realm of the dead).

前項の期間は、十五日を下ることができない。
The period set forth in the preceding paragraph may not be 15 days or less.

急な丘を下るときにはギアを変える必要がある
you have to shift when you go down a steep hill

此の時宗矩も細川玄蕃允の手につき攻め下る。
'At that time, Munenori followed Hosokawa Genba no jo (secretary of the Bureau of Buddhism and Aliens) and attacked on enemies.'

- 2月10日、修行のため、東海道を下る。
On February 10, he descended along Tokai-do Road for ascetic practices.

裁判所で最終判決が下る前に紛争を解決すること
resolution of a dispute prior to the rendering of a final decision by the trial court

1107年　平正盛に源義親追討の命令が下る。
In 1107, the command for TAIRA no Masamori to track and kill MINAMOTO no Yoshichika was issued.

明治37年2月10日に日露開戦の詔勅が下る。
On February 10, 1904, the Imperial edict of announcing the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War was issued.

筆法伝授の場：菅丞相に筆法伝授の勅命が下る。
The Act of Hippo Denju (Passing on the Secrets of Calligraphy): Kanshojo received the imperial edict of Hippo Denju.

時代が下るにつれて各寺とも行人の力が増大した。
In more recent years, the power of Gyonin increased in all temples.

前項第二号の期間は、一月を下ることができない。
The period set forth in item (ii) of the preceding paragraph shall not be less than one month.

そして、義経は戦機と見て坂を駆け下る決断をする。
Subsequently, he thought this was the time for battle and decided to run down the hill.

さらに時代が下ると前方部は巨大化の一途をたどる。
In subsequent years, the front square continued to become larger.

京都府京都市下京区西木屋町通四条下る船頭町184
184, Sendo-cho, Shijo Sagaru, Nishikiyamachi-dori Street, Shomogyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture

「下るほうが上がるより簡単ですね。遙かに簡単だ」
`Easier, far easier down than up.'

神霊が天下る木、神の依り代となる木の意味となる。
In summary, 'Himorogi' means a tree where a divine spirit descends from the Heaven, or yorishiro of God.

義高は大姫の婿という名目の人質として鎌倉へ下る。
Under this pretext, Yoshitaka was ordered to Kamakura, where he was effectively held as a hostage.

8月には鎌倉を出奔して領国の上野国平井城に下る。
In August, Norizane vanished from Kamakura and went down to Hirai-jo Castle in his territory, Kozuke Province.

13歳の時、父を亡くすと縁故を頼りに江戸に下る。
When he lost his father at the age of 13, he went to Edo counting on his personal connections.

しかし、公定尺は時代を下るにつれて長くなっていた。
However, this official shaku unit gradually grew longer in more recent years.

すると、二輪馬車がここへ下る道を疾走してきている。
saw a dog-cart coming at a gallop down the road.

また時が下るにつれて、天守も建てられるようになった。
Tenshus (tower-like structures) were also starting to be built in later ages.

妙法院玄関〔京都市東山区東大路通渋谷下る妙法院前側町〕
Entrance of Myohoin Temple [Myohoin Maekawa-cho, Higashiojidori Shibutani-sagaru, Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City]

時代が下るにつれ、官位相当によらない叙位任官も増えた。
Later on, the conferment of a court rank and the appointment to an office were progressively made regardless of Kanisoto (the bureaucratic system according to Ikai [court rank] in the ritsuryo system).

中山忠光を逆賊とする詔が下るに及んで十津川郷士も離反。
When an Imperial Decree announced that Tadamitsu NAKAYAMA was a gyakuzoku (rebel), totsukawa goshi seceded.

西本願寺唐門〔京都市下京区堀川通花屋町下る本願寺門前町〕
Karamon of Nishi Hongan-ji Temple [Honganjimonzen-cho, Horikawadori Hanayacho-sagaru, Shimogyo Ward, Kyoto City]

燕庵（えんなん）〔京都市下京区西洞院通正面下る鍛冶屋町〕
Ennan (name of a tea arbor) [Kajiya-cho, Nishitoindori-sagaru, Shimogyo Ward, Kyoto City]

頼之は出家し、自邸を焼いて一族を連れて領国の四国へ下る。
Yoriyuki took the tonsure, burned down his own estate, and went off together with his family to his territories in Shikoku.

ただし時代が下ると前方部にも埋葬がなされるようになった。
However, in more recent years, burials also began to take place in the square front.

所在地京都府京都市上京区寺町通石薬師下る染殿町665-1
Location: 665-1 Somedono-cho, Ishiyakushi-sagaru, Teramachi Street, Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture
Location: 665-1 Somedono-cho, Teramachi-dori Ishiyakushi-sagaru, Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture

そして、理論家の真木和泉が画策した大和行幸の勅命が下る。
Furthermore the order for Yamato gyoko (Imperial Visit to the Yamato Province), planned by theorist Izumi MAKI, was given.

やすらぎの道や餅飯殿通りを南に下ると、ならまちが広がる。
Naramichi is located south of Yasuragino-michi Street and Mochiidono-dori Street.

頼家に弁明を求められた景時は、何の抗弁もせず所領に下る。
When Yoriie requested that Kagetoki explain himself, Kagetoki went back to his land without an excuse.

1356年（延文元年）源氏（順徳源氏）を賜り臣籍に下る。
He received the last name of Juntoku Genji (Minamoto clan) and left the imperial family in 1356.

時代が下るにつれ江戸の各地で酉の市が開かれるようになった。
Over time, Tori no ichi began to be held throughout Edo.

江戸幕府瓦解後、清孝は将軍家に従って静岡に下る道を選んだ。
After the collapse of Edo bakufu, Kiyotaka chose to go down to Shizuoka with Shogun family.

高台寺開山堂〔京都市東山区下河原通八坂鳥居前下る下河原町〕
Kaizando hall (temple where the statue of founder priest is placed) of Kodai-ji Temple [Shimokawara-cho, Shimokawaradori, Yasaka Toriimae-sagaru, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto City]

土手に沿うて十二丁ほど下ると相生村（あいおいむら）へ出る。
If one goes on along the levy for about twelve blocks, he reaches the Aioi village

正月19日、高倉の遺言と称して宗盛に畿内惣官の宣旨が下る。
On January 19, Senji (to put the Emperor's commands to public) of Kinai-sokan was given to Munemori and told that it was the will of Takakura.

これに対して東国武士の庄家定は「義時方の武士は万を下るまい。
In response to this, Iesada SHO (庄家定), one of the samurai of the eastern provinces, rebuked their optimism, saying 'Surely the samurai on Yoshitoki's side will number not a man less than 10,000.

しかし側室や将軍生母の力は時代が下るとともに低下していった。
However, the authority of the concubines and Shogun's real mother were declining with the times.

後に時代が下ると、これは人同士の関係性においても利用された。
At a later stage in history, it was used to refer to the relationships between people.

そもそも、急峻な崖を騎馬で駆け下るなぞ物理的に不可能である。
In the first place, it is physically impossible to run down a steep cliff while riding a horse.

元・明と下るにつれて紙幣の占める割合が高まって行く事になる。
In the later Ming and Yuan periods, paper money became used increasingly more than copper coins.

観智院客殿〔京都市南区 (京都市)八条通大宮西入下る柳原町〕
Kyakuden (guest hall) of Kanchiin Temple [Yanagihara-cho, Hachijodori Nishi-iru-sagaru, Minami Ward, Kyoto City]

呪うか、悪魔または呪であると宣言するかまたは天罰が下ると脅す
curse or declare to be evil or anathema or threaten with divine punishment

二町ほど駆け下ると、屏風が立ったような険しい岩場となっていた。
After they rode approximately two Cho (218.18m), they came upon a steep rocky area, just like a folded erect screen.

平安京造営から時代が下ると、弘仁7年8月16日夜、大風で倒壊。
Years after the building of Heian-kyo, on the night of August 16, 816 (old lunar calendar), a typhoon blew it down.

「天下る何処かに黄金の力有り。触れそめし者の望み神に届かん。」
In a realm beyond sight, The sky shines gold, not blue. There, the Triforce's might, Makes mortal dreams come true.

また、義光及びその与党、平重幹にも捕縛命令が各地の国司に下る。
In addition, the arrest order for Yoshimitsu and his company 平重幹 was also issued toward Kokushi (provincial governor) in each district.

1876年9月9日　強盗殺人容疑で逮捕、裁判で死刑判決が下る。
September 9, 1876: She was arrested on suspicion of burglary and murder, and she was sentenced to death in court.

遠目には穏やかな川も、いざ小船で下るとなると急流に見えると言う。
While the river looks calm from a distance, rapids become apparent when one traverses the river in a small boat.

但し、時代が下ると共に徒士と同じ下級武士として待遇されていった。
However, as time went by, they were treated as lower-ranked samurai who were the same as kachi.

さらに時代が下ると六位蔵人を経たものが公卿に至ることもなくなり、
In later eras, no person experiencing Rokui no Kurodo reached the Court noble level.

源義経が奥州藤原氏を頼って奥州平泉に下るのを手助けしたとされる。
It is said that he helped MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune who was going down to Oshu Hiraizumi (Mutsu Province), seeking refuge with the Oshu Fujiwara clan.

寛文5年（1665年）、36歳となった了翁は黄檗山萬福寺を下る。
In 1665, when he was 36 years old, he left the Obakuzan Manpuku-ji Temple.

令では、皇親でないものは、姓を賜って臣に下ることが規定されていた。
The ordinance stipulated that those who were not part of the Koshin were bestowed a family name and demoted to the rank of subject.

時代が下るにつれて、女性の羽織は徐々に花柳界のなかに広がってゆく。
Over time, woman's haori coat gradually spread to the world of the geisha.

修正・確定された7箇条を携えて、西郷は再び江戸へ下ることとなった。
Saigo again left Kyoto for Edo, carrying on him the revisions and confirmation to the conditions of Seven Articles.

貞観 (日本)12年（870年）2月、源氏朝臣姓を賜り臣籍に下る。
In March 870, he was conferred with a family name of Genji Asomi (Minamoto) and demoted from nobility to subject.

周吉は同行を希望、江戸へ下る原田磊蔵と三人連れで同年秋江戸に入る。
Shukichi offered to go with him, and in the autumn of the same year went to Edo with Yukichi and Raizo HARADA who had already planned to go to Edo.

天徳 4年10月2日_（960年）、源氏朝臣を与えられて臣籍に下る。
On October 29, 960, he was demoted from nobility to subject and received the surname of the Minamoto clan Asomi.

旧京都中央電話局西陣分局舎〔京都市上京区油小路通中立売下る甲斐守町〕
Office building of former Nishijin Branch of Kyoto Central Telephone Office [Kainokami-cho, Aburakoji-dori Nakadachiuri-sagaru, Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City]

蓮華王院築地塀（太閣塀）〔京都市東山区東大路通渋谷下る妙法院前側町〕
Tsuijibei (a mud wall with a roof) of Rengeoin Temple (Taikobei)[Myohoin Maekawa-cho, Higashiojidori Shibutani-sagaru, Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City]

時代が下るにしたがって藩ごと、附家老家ごとに考え方に差ができてきた。
Over time, the concept of Tsukegaro came to depend on each domain and each Tsukegaro family.

が、闕字と同様、時代が下るにつれてその適用範囲は曖昧となっていった。
However, just like with ketsuji, as time passed, the rage of application became vaguer.

菅原道真と共に天皇年少の間、奏請宣行（内覧）の詔が下る〈日本紀略〉。
Together with SUGAWARA no Michizane, handed down an Imperial edict requesting assistance of the Emperor while he was still a youth <'Nihongi Ryaku' (Summary of Japanese Chronologies)>.

狩り下りでは、鵜飼船と屋形船が一緒になって下るので間近で様子が見える。
During karikudari, it is possible to get a close look since ubune and yakata-bune go down the river side by side.

建仁寺勅使門（矢の根門）〔京都市東山区大和大路通四条下る四丁目小松町〕
Chokushimon (Yanonemon) of Kennin-ji Temple [Komatsu-cho, Yamato Ojidori Shijo-sagaru 4-chome, Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City]

幼い頃、浄土宗の寺院に預けられていたが、文明年間初め頃に加賀国に下る。
When he was a child, he was placed with a temple of Jodoshu sect, but in about 1470, he moved to Kaga Province.

一行は長門国下関市へ下る勅使と偽って大阪市から船を出し、堺市へ向かう。
The party started a ship from Osaka City in the disguise of Imperial envoy going down to Shimonoseki City of the Nagato Province and went to Sakai City.

ただし、時代によって異なり、時代が下るに連れ容積が大きくなる傾向にある。
However, the volume of to differs from time to time, and it tends to become larger as the time comes closer to today.

登山は簡単だった−−ロープを使って山を下る方がはるかに難しくて危険であろう
The ascent was easy--roping down the mountain would be much more difficult and dangerous

分岐からは山腹を巻きながらふもとへ下る旧道と、尾根近くを通る古道に分かれる。
From the crossroads, one road (called 'kyudo' literally 'former road') goes down the side of the mountain to the foot, and the other road (called 'kodo' literally 'old road') goes across near the ridge.

石段奥の注連縄が切られて、八所大明神、由岐大明神の順序で神社から神輿が下る。
After the shimenawa (sacred straw festoon) has been cut at the top of the stone steps, Hassho Daimyojin (great gracious deity) first, and then Yuki Daimyojin appear and mikoshi (portable shrine) go down the steps.

- 京都市下京区堀川通り花屋町下る本願寺門前町にある浄土真宗本願寺派の本山。
It is the head temple of Jodo Shinshu sect Hongan-ji school located at Honganjimonzen-cho, Horikawa-dori Hanayacho-sagaru, Shimogyo Ward, Kyoto City.

「天人と思ひし人は鬼瓦　堺の浦に天下るかな」との落首が京都で貼られたという。
And it is said that a satirical poem ridiculing her appearance was scribbled in Kyoto as follows, 'a person that seemed like a celestial being, came down from the heaven to the beach of Sakai, and turned into a gargoyle.'

時代は下るが、戦国時代 (日本)に大名となった越前朝倉氏は本姓日下部氏である。
At a much later time period in this history, the Echizen-Asakura clan became a daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) during the Sengoku period (period of warring states) in Japan, having had the original name of the Kusakabe clan.

ただし、先述の通り時代が下ると木刀や扇子で刀に見立てるようになった）を用いる。
However, as previously stated, wooden swords and fans symbolizing the knife came to be used as the ritual developed).

教会で祭壇から神のお告げが下るのを、あまりに長い間待ちわびている信者のように。
like a votary who has watched too long for a sign from the altar.

これらのことのために、神の怒りが下るのである。 (コロサイ人への手紙 3:6)
for which things' sake the wrath of God comes on the children of disobedience. (Colossians 3:6)

源氏との結婚を諦めた六条御息所は、娘の秋好中宮と共に伊勢へ下ることを決意する。
Having giving up on marrying Genji, Rokujo no Miyasudokoro determines to go down to Ise with her daughter, the Empress Akikonomu.

また、宮内庁書陵部にも古写本よりも時代が下ると見られる新写本が伝えられている。
The Imperial Household Archives also has a newer manuscript that seems to have been copied at a later date than the old manuscript.

タケミカヅチらによって大国主から国譲りがされ、再びオシホミミに降臨の命が下る。
When the land was transferred from Okuninushi (chief god of Izumo in southern Honshu Island, Japan, and the central character in the important cycle of myths set in that region) by the order of Takemikazuchi and others, he was told to go down there again.

当時はまだフグ中毒事件を起こした調理師に刑事裁判で有罪判決が下ることは稀だった。
Back then, it was rare for the chef, who caused puffer fish poisoning, to be found guilty in a criminal trial.

その害毒は自分のかしらに帰り、その強暴は自分のこうべに下る。 (詩篇 7:16)
The trouble he causes shall return to his own head. His violence shall come down on the crown of his own head. (Psalms 7:16)

瑞泉寺（ずいせんじ）は京都府京都市中京区木屋町三条下る石屋町にある寺院である。
Zuisen-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple located in Ishiya-cho, Kiyamachi Sanjo-Sagaru, Nakagyo Ward, Kyoto City.

木造法苑林菩薩・大妙相菩薩半跏像－弥勒仏の脇侍像だが、制作年代は室町時代に下る。
Wooden statues of Hoonrin Bosatsu and Daimyoso Bosatsu in a semi-lotus position, attendant figures of Miroku Buddha, but constructed in the Muromachi Period.

元禄15年（1702年）2月、江戸急進派の鎮撫のため吉田兼亮とともに江戸へ下る。
In February 1702, he went down to Edo with Kanesuke YOSHIDA to suppress a radical group of Edo.

そして、街の縁の一番手前、窪地へと下る勾配には、パーヴィン家の寂びた牧場があった。
And on the nearest fringe of the town, sloping into the dip, was Oldmeadow, the Pervins' house.

見所なのは「狩り下り」といい、鵜匠が乗る鵜船と観光客が乗る屋形船が一緒になって下る。
The highlight is called 'karikudari', which means the time when ubune carrying ujo and yakata-bune (roofed pleasure boat) carrying tourist go down the river side by side,

義経とともに登場した弁慶が、義経が頼朝にうとまれたため西国に下るときめたことを語る。
Benkei, who comes on stage with Yoshitsune, announces that Yoshitsune has decided to go to Saigoku because he got on the wrong side of Yoritomo.

その後、時代が下るにつれて後円部の直径と前方部の幅がほぼ同じとなる（古墳時代中期）。
Later, in more recent years (in the middle of the Kofun Period), the width of the front square became comparable to the diameter of the rounded rear.

死んだ者も、音なき所に下る者も、主をほめたたえることはない。 (詩篇 115:17)
The dead don't praise Yah, neither any who go down into silence; (Psalms 115:17)

一方スサノオノミコトは神々の審判を受けて高天原を追放され、葦原中津国の出雲国に下る。
Meanwhile, other gods judged Susanoo no mikoto to be expelled from Takamanohara (the plain of high heaven) and was forced to descend to Izumo Province of Ashihara no Nakatsu Kuni.

文徳天皇の皇子・惟彦親王の子孫が平朝臣を賜姓されて臣籍に下ることによって成立した氏族。
This clan originated with the descendants of Imperial Prince Korehiko (Emperor Montoku's son), who were given the honorary surname of Taira no Ason upon being demoted from the Imperial family.

雲が消えて、なくなるように、陰府に下る者は上がって来ることがない。 (ヨブ記 7:9)
As the cloud is consumed and vanishes away, so he who goes down to Sheol {Sheol is the place of the dead.} shall come up no more. (Job 7:9)

わたしは穴に下る者のうちに数えられ、力のない人のようになりました。 (詩篇 88:4)
I am counted among those who go down into the pit. I am like a man who has no help, (Psalms 88:4)

9月には貞親や真蘂、赤松政則らが失脚する応仁の乱文正の政変に発展し、義敏も越前へ下る。
In October 1466, the internal conflicts developed into the Bunsho Coup, in which Sadachika, Shinzui and Masanori AKAMATSU lost their positions and Yoshitoshi went back to Echizen province.

京都市の嵐山まで保津川を船で下る保津峡保津川下りが駅北側(徒歩10分)から乗船できる。
The Hozu-gawa River Boat Ride, which goes down the Hozu-gawa River to Arashiyama, Kyoto City, is available at the north side of the station (a ten-minute walk).

古義堂が京都の堀川通出水通下るの、堀川 (京都府)の東岸に在ったことに因むものである。
It was related to the fact that Kogido was located near Horikwa-dori Street and Demizu-dori Street in Kyoto, the east shore of the Hori-kawa River (Kyoto Prefecture).

小川家住宅（京都府京都市中京区大宮通御池下る）〔京都市中京区大宮通御池下る三坊大宮町〕
Residential house of Ogawa family (Omiyadori Oike-sagaru, Nakagyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture) [Sanbo Daiku-cho, Omiyadori Oike-sagaru, Nakagyo Ward, Kyoto City]

この婚姻の際も「天人と思ひし人は鬼瓦　堺の浦に天下るかな」との落首が京都で貼られたという。
A rakushu (a satirical poem) said 'a person supposed to be a heavenly beings is like an onigawara (an example of a rugged and ugly face), descent from heaven to Sakaino-ura Bay' was posted in Kyoto at this marriage.

光孝天皇の孫・式膽王及び興我王の子孫が平朝臣を賜姓されて臣籍に下ることによって成立した氏族。
This clan originated with descendants of Prince Shikisen and Prince Koga (grandchildren of Emperor Koko), who were given the honorary surname of Taira no Ason upon being demoted from the Imperial family.

時代が下るにつれ、やがて正暦寺以外の寺の僧坊酒や、奈良流の造り酒屋の産する酒にも用いられた。
As times went by, temples other than Shoryaku-ji Temple began to use Bodai-moto for their own soboshu, and sake brewers that inherited the brewing method of soboshu from Nara temples did the same.

帰山後は南禅寺住持になり、江戸幕府の辞令を受けたことへの拝礼のため江戸に下る（1785年）。
After he returned to his own temple, he became the Juji of Nanzen-ji Temple and traveled to Edo in order to appreciate and worship the leader, as ordered by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) (in 1785).

アモリびとはダンの人々を山地に追い込んで平地に下ることを許さなかった。 (士師記 1:34)
The Amorites forced the children of Dan into the hill country; for they would not allow them to come down to the valley; (Judges 1:34)

時代が下るにつれ、大型集落が小型集落を従え、集落内で首長層が力を持ってきたと考えられている。
It is thought that later in the period, large settlements subdued smaller settlements and the chief and upper ranks started to seize power in the settlement.

同地に伝わる伝承によると、晩年彼女は東海道を下る旅に出て、ここで病を得て歿したとされている。
According to the tradition there, in her later years she attempted a journey down the Tokaido but fell ill and passed away there.

炉は、地床炉（ぢしょうろ）が多いが石組炉もあり、保有率は時代が下るに従って増加する傾向にある。
Fireplaces were most often built on the dirt floor, though some were built with stones, and were found in increasing frequency over time.

これは下って陰府の関門にいたり、われわれは共にちりに下るであろうか」。 (ヨブ記 17:16)
Shall it go down with me to the gates of Sheol {Sheol is the place of the dead.}, or descend together into the dust?' (Job 17:16)

京都の罪人を遠島に送るために高瀬川 (京都府)を下る舟に、弟を殺した喜助という男が乗せられた。
A man named Kisuke who murdered his younger brother was on a boat on the Takase-gawa River in Kyoto that took Kyoto criminals to a distant island.

以上のうち、北面壁、南面壁、本尊後壁（表裏）は当初は土壁で、壁画が描かれたのは鎌倉時代に下る。
Of those above, the northern wall, southern wall and the wall behind the principal image (back face) were originally mud walls and the paintings were created after the Kamakura period.

「吉野」「吉野地方」の範囲は時代によって異なっており、時代が下ると共に奥へ奥へと拡大していった。
The scope of 'Yoshino' and 'Yoshino region' changed with times and expanded to deeper and deeper as we go forward in time.

乱の鎮圧の報告がまだ平城京に届かないうちに、聖武天皇は突如関東に下ると言い出し都を出てしまった。
Emperor Shomu thought of going to Kanto suddenly and left the capital before a report of suppression of the war arrived at the Heijo-kyo.

時代が下ると、荘官の武士化が始まり、鎌倉時代には荘官が鎌倉幕府から地頭に任じられる例も見られた。
In later eras, shokan began to work like samurai, and in some cases in the Kamakura period, some shokan were even appointed as jito (manager and lord of manor) by the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

弘化4年（1847年）8月1日、幕府より水戸藩に七郎麿を御三卿一橋家の世嗣とする旨の内命が下る。
On August 1, 1847, the Shogunate gave a secret order to designate Shichiromaro of Mito-han Clan as the heir to the Hitotsubashi Family, one of the three branches of the Tokugawa-han Clan (Gosankyo).

8月中旬には時忠・時実を除く7名が配地に下るが、時忠・時実は義経の庇護を受けて都に残留していた。
In mid-September, seven of the nine persons, excluding Tokitada and Tokizane, were transferred to the place of exile; Tokitada and Tokizane remained in Kyoto under the protection of Yoshitsune.

平氏（へいし、たいらうじ）は、皇族が臣下に下る際に賜るカバネの一つ、「平朝臣」を姓とする臣籍降下。
The family name of the Taira clan was derived from 'TAIRA no Ason,' which was one of the official titles given to a member of the Imperial Family if they became vassals.

しかし、時代が下るにつれ、院号は大名やその正室及び側室の俗名戒名、家臣の戒名にまで広がりを見せる。
However, as time passed, the use of Ingo as a Kaimyo for Japanese feudal lords, their lawful wives and concubines, and even their vassals became increasingly common.

時代が下ると荘官の武士化が始まり、鎌倉時代以降は、荘官が鎌倉幕府から地頭に任じられる例も見られた。
As time passed, shokan started to become samurai, and from the Kamakura period and on, the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) appointed shokan to jito (managers and lords of a manor).

仁明天皇の孫・雅望王、行忠王及び惟時王の子孫が平朝臣を賜姓されて臣籍に下ることによって成立した氏族。
This clan originated with the descendents of Prince Masamochi, Prince Yukitada, and Prince Koretoki (all of whom were grandsons of Emperor Ninmyo), who were given the honorary surname of Taira no Ason upon being demoted from the Imperial family.

嵐山はその終着点であり、現在では同じコースを遊覧船で下る「保津峡保津川下り」が亀岡市から体験できる。
Arashiyama was the terminal point, and people can now enjoy going down the same course on a pleasure boat from Kameoka City through the Hozu-kyo Gorge Hozu gawa River rafting.

時代が下るにつれて、呪的信仰・予祝・感謝行事としての性格は薄れ、未婚者による求婚行事となっていった。
As time advanced, aspects of utagaki fest as a meeting for magical belief, preliminary celebration, and gratitude for production became weaker than ever and gradually formed its characteristics as an event for courtship among unmarried persons.

平安時代までは単一素材の丸木弓のままだが、時代が下るに従い形状が現代に通じる和弓の形に近づいて来る。
Marukiyumi made of a single material was used until the Heian period, but the wakyu bow shape shifted to the current shape as time passed.

さらに時代が下ると、大半の貴族や武士は藤原氏朝臣、源氏朝臣、平氏朝臣などの子孫で占められてしまった。
As time further passed, most nobles and samurai were descendants of Fujiwara no Asomi, Minamoto no Asomi and Taira no Asomi.

隅飾は、同じように時代が下るごとに、外側へ張り出す傾向があり、江戸期には極端に反り返る隅飾になった。
Similarly, sumikazari tended to project outwards as time went by and had an extremely warped shape by the Edo period.

アラブ人が、ラクダに荷物を積み終わると、丘を上って行くのと下るのではどちらがよいかとラクダに尋ねた。
AN ARAB CAMEL-DRIVER, after completing the loading of his Camel, asked him which he would like best, to go up hill or down.

幕府執事となった清氏が61年に失脚して南朝に下ると、父の命で講和呼びかけのために遠江から召還される。
When Kiyouji who was once the steward of the bakufu fell from power in 1361 and joined the Southern Court, Sadayo was ordered by his father and came from Totomi Province to call for pacification.

貞観 (日本)元年（859年）、清和天皇の即位にともなって斎宮に卜定、貞観3年（861年）に伊勢に下る。
With the accession of Emperor Seiwa in 859, Imperial Princess Yasuiko was selected to be the Saigu by divination and travelled down to Ise in 861.

時代が下るとともに酒や酒粕、糀を使用したりと、寿司の発酵を早めるため様々な方法が用いられ即製化に向かう。
With the passage of time, various methods were used to accelerate the fermentation of sushi like using sake, sake lees, or koji.

だが、時代が下るにつれて院の近臣間でも権力闘争が起こり、1159年（平治元年）の平治の乱の一因となった。
However, as times went by, strife over authority arose among In no Kinshin, which was one of the causes of the Heiji War in 1159.

時代が下ると左右に脇門が付属する大門の形となり、さらに大門のみとなったが、三門の呼び方は残ったとされる。
In more recent years, temples were provided with a large outer gate accompanied by side gates on the left and right sides, and later, temples came to have a large outer gate only; however, it is assumed that such a large outer gate remained to be called Sanmon.

陰府のように、彼らを生きたままで、のみ尽し、健やかな者を、墓に下る者のようにしよう。 (箴言 1:12)
let's swallow them up alive like Sheol {Sheol is the place of the dead.}, and whole, like those who go down into the pit. (Proverbs 1:12)

しかしそれも建前で、時代が下るにつれて裕福な町人出の女性が「行儀見習い」目的に奉公に上がることが多くなる。
However, this was a public position, so females from rich townspeople were sent out to O-oku to learn manners in the later period.

このため、1905年（明治38年）12月に総辞職して、約束通りに西園寺公望に組閣の大命が下ることとなった。
The cabinet resigned en masse in December, 1905 and the imperial command to form a cabinet was given to Kinmochi SAIONJI, as it had been promised.

ヨアシの家来たちは立って徒党を結び、シラに下る道にあるミロの家でヨアシを殺した。 (列王紀2 12:20)
His servants arose, and made a conspiracy, and struck Joash at the house of Millo, on the way that goes down to Silla. (2 Kings 12:20)

普段は農業をしたり行商をしたりして各地の情報を探る一方、指令が下ると戦場やその後方へ出向き工作活動に励んだ。
They went to a battlefield or the related area to engage in maneuver activities upon order, while they search for information on each region as working as peasant or peddler in their quotidian life.

それから明日の一時までにいらっして下さる［＃「下さる」は底本では「下る」］ことをお忘れにならないように――。
and remember that one o'clock to-morrow is your appointment.

加えて1332年（元弘2年/正慶元年）4月10日 (旧暦)には幕府の意向により父・公賢邸預かりの処分が下る。
In addition, on April 10, 1332 (old calendar), with the intention of the Shogunate, he was penalized to be put in the custody of his father, Kinkata at his residence.

高野山でも古くは上記の伝統製法で作っていたが、時代が下るに従い製法に工夫が施され独自の製法が確立されていった。
The above traditional process was used in the old days at Mt. Koya, but the process was altered in recent years, and a unique process has been established.

鞍馬駅より石段下を通り鞍馬温泉方面への一方通行で、そこから鞍馬の民家の裏側を流れる川の反対側へ渡り、南へ下る。
Visitors proceed from Kurama Station, pass the bottom of the stone steps, walk through a one-way street in the direction of Kurama hot spring, across the river running behind the houses at Kurama, and proceed south.

宝塚駅から古市駅までは武庫川と何度も交差しながら遡り、篠山口駅から谷川駅は加古川支流の篠山川の渓流沿いに下る。
The railway lies upward along and crosses the Muko-gawa River at many points between Takarazuka Station and Furuichi Station, and it stretches downward along the Sasayama-gawa River, which is a stream of Kako-gawa River between Sasayamaguchi Station and Tanikawa Station.

かれは「これを越前福井の足羽山上に読み、山に上り山を下るの間遂に山光水色の何たるを知るに及ばなかつた」という。
Later, he was quoted as saying: 'I read it as I was going over the Mt. Asuwa in Fukui Domain of Echizen Province, and I was so absorbed in reading that I never took notice of the mountain views.'

また、時代が下るにつれて文学性が高くなり、前述のように「判詞」が文学論・歌論としての位置づけを持つようになった。
Over generations, its literary feature became stronger and, as mentioned above, 'Hanji' came to establish itself as literary/poetry criticism.

普段は農業をしたり、行商をしたりして各地の情報を探る一方、指令が下ると戦場やその後方へ出向き、工作活動に励んだ。
The people of Koga-ryu were usually engaged in farming or peddling to collect information in various places and, once called, they went to the war fronts or the rear of the battlefields to engage in espionage.

あなたの口づけが、なめらかに流れ下る良きぶどう酒のごとく、くちびると歯の上をすべるように」と。 (雅歌 7:9)
Your mouth like the best wine, that goes down smoothly for my beloved, gliding through the lips of those who are asleep. (Song of Solomon 7:9)

しかし、時代が下るにしたがって、落札した町人などが現場の責任を負う請負形式が多くなり、さらには金納化も進行した。
However, as time went by, Fushin was increasingly conducted by contracts made by merchants, and payment in cash became more and more common.

湊川の戦いの後、比叡山に逃れた宮方は、足利方に奪還された京都を取り戻すために賀茂糺河原などに攻め下るが阻まれる。
Court side troops that escaped to Mt. Hiei after the battle of Minatogawa advanced to Kamotadasu-gawara in order to recapture Kyoto which was being occupied by Ashikaga forces, but were eventually blocked.

官軍との戦闘は5月9日に始まったが、5月15日には、破竹隊の赤塚源太郎以下1個中隊が官軍に下るという事件が起きた。
On May 9, battles with the government army started, and on May 15, the incident occurred in which a company of the Hachiku-tai troop, including Gentaro AKAZUKA, surrendered to the government army.

出町柳駅行きホームの出町柳側にホームを下ったところにトイレがあり、このトイレ前からも階段で集落に下ることができる。
A lavatory is located below the platform on the Demachiyanagi side of the Demachiyanagi Station-bound platform, from which the village can also be reached by taking the stairs.

しかし、オシホミミはその間に生まれた息子のニニギに行かせるようにと進言し、ニニギが天下ることとなった（天孫降臨）。
But he suggested that his son, Ninigi, who was born during that time would go there, therefore Ninigi went down (this occurrence is called tensonkorin).

初期のものは、単なる業績のみの記述に留まったが、時代が下るにつれて様々なエピソードが盛り込まれるようになっていった。
In early times those descriptions were only about their achievements, but later various episodes were also added.

時代が下るとさらに城壁の強度が求められ、現在中国各地に遺構として残る明以後の城壁はその多くが堅牢なレンガ造りである。
The strength of castle walls came to be more important later in the period, and most castle walls after the Ming dynasty which remain as ruins in various parts of China were made of solid bricks.

わたしが床にあって見た脳中の幻の中に、ひとりの警護者、ひとりの聖者の天から下るのを見たが、 (ダニエル書 4:13)
I saw in the visions of my head on my bed, and behold, a watcher and a holy one came down from the sky. (Daniel 4:13)

御家人に動員令が下るがまたも消極策が持ち上がるが、三善康信が重ねて出撃を説き、政子がこれを支持して幕府軍は出撃した。
After the order was issued for the samurai to mobilize, the defensive measure was brought up once again but MIYOSHI no Yasunobu, backed by Masako, argued for attack and the government force marched to Kyoto.

1416年の鎌倉での上杉禅秀の乱が収束し、翌1418年には、関東管領の上杉憲基（山内上杉氏）の養子となり鎌倉へ下る。
After War of Zenshu UESUGI was resolved in Kamakura in 1416, he became an adopted son of Kanto Kanrei, Norimoto UESUGI (theYamanouchi-Uesugi clan) in 1418, and went down to Kamakura.

高家肝煎に復帰できる見込みもなく、世論に押された幕府から処罰が下る前に先手を打ったものとも見られ、即座に受理された。
Apparently there was no hope of making a comeback to koke-kimoiri, so he took the initiative before he was punished by the bakufu, which was supported by popular opinion, and his request was immediately accepted.

しかし、この後90年程下るが永禄年間には矢部氏の本家筋が復活していることから、宗春が生き延びたと考えることもできる。
After 90 years in the Eiroku era, however, since the original family of the Yabe clan was restored, Muneharu might have survive.

反乱を起こした源義親を討つ命令が源義家に下るが、源義家は死去したため、その後継者である義忠に源義親討伐の命令が下る。
Yoshiie got the order to subduing MINAMOTO no Yoshichika, who had incited an uprising; however, because Yoshiie died before carrying out the task, his successor, Yoshitada was given the same order in place of Yoshiie.

江戸末期には大店の商家でも内風呂を持つようになったものの、本格的な内風呂の普及は第二次世界大戦以降の高度成長期に下る。
Although large-scale mercantile houses came to have baths at the end of the Edo period, the full-fledged popularization of home baths was seen later, during the period of rapid growth following World War II.

土田家の由緒書によれば、世襲の由来は承久元年、将軍藤原頼経東下向のとき、京都から扈従してまかり下るのにはじまるという。
According to Tsuchida family records, the hereditary post dates back to 1219, when they served as attendant to Shogun FUJIWARA no Yoritsune on his travel from Kyoto eastward.

15分後に、ブルームスバリーのアルファ・インという、ホールボーン街に下る通りの角に建てられた小さな酒場にたどりついた。
In a quarter of an hour we were in Bloomsbury at the Alpha Inn, which is a small public-house at the corner of one of the streets which runs down into Holborn.

わたしたちは、神のさばきが、このような事を行う者どもの上に正しく下ることを、知っている。 (ローマ人への手紙 2:2)
We know that the judgment of God is according to truth against those who practice such things. (Romans 2:2)

三男の正武切腹後、飫肥城に下る嫁の於仙と孫の成瀬祐正が伏見に立ち寄り、目通りを求めたが、家康に憚りこれを許さなかった。
After his third son Masatake's Seppuku (suicide by disembowelment), Masatake's wife Osen and grandson Sukemasa NARUSE, who were on their way to Obi-jo Castle stopped by Fushimi to see him, but he did not allow them out of consideration for Ieyasu.

白い直垂・水干に立烏帽子、白鞘巻の刀をさす（時代が下ると色つきの衣装を着ることも多かった）という男装で歌や舞を披露した。
They wore hitatare (a jacket with a neckband directly and vertically sewn which is worn together with hakama, a long pleated skirt worn over a kimono), or suikan (a costume for males made of simple cloth), wore the headgear of court nobles, held swords with white rolling sheaths, and presented their songs and dances, while disguising themselves as men (as time went by, it was quite often that they wore costumes with color).

三日目までに備えさせなさい。三日目に主が、すべての民の目の前で、シナイ山に下るからである。 (出エジプト記 19:11)
and be ready against the third day; for on the third day Yahweh will come down in the sight of all the people on Mount Sinai. (Exodus 19:11)

しかし時代が下るにつれ職掌の重要性が増し、平城天皇の大同 (日本)2年（807年）には大幅に相当する位が引き上げられた。
But little by little, their official duties became important and the rank became much higher during the reign of Emperor Heizei in 807.

より時代の下る平安時代初期ころの創作、あるいは岡田英弘のように伊勢国の国学者本居宣長によって改作されたものであるとする。
Those mythologies were made earlier, during the early Heian period, or were revised by Norinaga MOTOORI, a scholar of Japanese classical literature in Ise Province such as Hidehiro OKADA.

牛若丸が金売吉次にともなわれて奥州へ下る途中、これを美濃国赤坂宿 (中山道)で襲ったが、かえって牛若丸に討たれたという。
It was said that he attacked Ushiwakamaru at Akasaka-jyuku Station, Mino Province while Ushiwakamaru was heading towards Oshu (Mutsu Province) accompanied by Kichiji KANEURI, but Chohan was eventually defeated by Ushiwakamaru.

例えば頂上部の宝珠については、時代が下るとともに、膨らみが失われ、室町期・江戸期を通して先端が尖っていくという特徴がある。
For example, the sacred gems on the tops of the pagoda lost their bulbous shapes as time went by, with the tip becoming sharper through the Muromachi and into the Edo periods.

主よ、あなたはわたしの魂を陰府からひきあげ、墓に下る者のうちから、わたしを生き返らせてくださいました。 (詩篇 30:3)
Yahweh, you have brought up my soul from Sheol {Sheol is the place of the dead.}. You have kept me alive, that I should not go down to the pit. (Psalms 30:3)

しかし、7世紀の壬申の乱からみて時代が下ることは否定できず、また、数の多さは部分的には『扶桑略記』の影響力の産物でもある。
However, it cannot be denied that the Heian period was centuries after the Jinshin War in the 7th century, and a large quantity of such descriptions can be partly attributed to 'Fuso Ryakki' (A Brief History of Japan).

「ひもろぎ」（古代には「ひもろき」）の語源は、「ひ」は神霊、「もろ」は天下るの意の「あもる」の転、「き」は木の意とされる。
The origin of a word 'Himorogi' (or 'Himoroki' in the ancient times) is as follows: 'Hi' refers to a divine spirit; 'moro' came from 'amoru,' meaning descending from the Heaven; and 'ki' means a tree.

傍系親族の親等を定めるには、その一人又はその配偶者から同一の祖先にさかのぼり、その祖先から他の一人に下るまでの世代数による。
The degree of kinship between collateral relatives shall be determined by counting the number of generations between a person or his/her spouse up to a common ancestor and back down to the other person.

当時の大蓮寺は、京都市下京区佛具屋町五条通下るの地に在ったが、第二次大戦中の五条通拡幅に伴い、左京区岡崎の地に移転している。
The Dairen-ji Temple of the time was located at Gojo-dori sagaru, Butsuguya-cho, Shimogyo Ward, Kyoto City, but in conjunction with the widening of Gojo-dori Street during World War II, it was relocated to Okazaki, Sakyo Ward.

時代的変遷を総じていえば、文人の要素として時代を遡るほど徳（道義）を強調する傾向があり、時代が下ると風流に傾倒するといえる。
In general, going back farther in time, virtue (morality) was more emphasized as an important element of Bunjin, and in more recent years, refined taste was more emphasized.

神は彼をあわれんで言われる、『彼を救って、墓に下ることを免れさせよ、わたしはすでにあがないしろを得た。 (ヨブ記 33:24)
then God is gracious to him, and says, 'Deliver him from going down to the pit, I have found a ransom.' (Job 33:24)

それであなたがたは命令を伝えて、その人々をとどめ、わたしの命令の下るまで、この町を建てさせてはならない。 (エズラ記 4:21)
Make a decree now to cause these men to cease, and that this city not be built, until a decree shall be made by me. (Ezra 4:21)

絵の筆者は数人の手に分かれており、信実筆の可能性が高い後鳥羽天皇像（水無瀬神宮蔵、国宝）よりは様式的に時代が下るものと思われる。
It seemed that several people were involved in drawing portraits, and their painting style was that of a later period than the style employed in the portrait of the Emperor Gotoba (Minase-jingu Shrine collection, National Treasure) that is highly likely to be the work of Nobuzane.

天正16年の『山上宗二記』に下ると、多くの珠光旧蔵の道具が登場しており、この間に伝来の捏造が行われた可能性を検討する必要が生じた。
According to 'Yamanoue Soji ki' in 1588, many utensils are listed as the ones that were owned by Juko and the necessity to probe possible fabrication of an oral tradition arose.

さらにチェイラ渓谷に入り、アメリカ砂漠、シーダー山地、ハンボルト山脈、シエラネバダ山脈を渡って、サクラメントを経て太平洋岸に下る。
plunges into the Tuilla Valley, across the American Desert, Cedar and Humboldt Mountains, the Sierra Nevada, and descends, via Sacramento, to the Pacific

なお「仁明天皇の皇子・本康親王の子孫が「平朝臣」を賜姓されて臣籍に下ることによって成立した氏族」を仁明平氏と定義している文献もある。
It should be noted that some documents define the Ninmyo-Heishi as 'the clan originating with the descendants of Imperial Prince Motoyasu, a son of Emperor Ninmyo, who were given the surname of 'Taira no Ason' upon being demoted from the Imperial family.'

なお「光孝天皇の皇子・是忠親王の子孫が「平朝臣」を賜姓されて臣籍に下ることによって成立した氏族」を光孝平氏と定義している文献もある。
It should be noted that some documents define the Koko-Heishi as 'the clan originating with the descendants of Imperial Prince Koretada, a son of Emperor Koko, who were given the surname of 'Taira no Ason' upon being demoted from the Imperial family.'

泗川の戦いに先立つ8月18日、既に豊臣秀吉は死去していたが、その死は秘匿されており、その後、10月15日付で日本軍に撤退命令が下る。
Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI passed away on August 18 before the Battle of Shisen, and his death was kept secret and the Japanese army was ordered to retreat on October 15.

あなたの目はわたしを恐れさせるゆえ、わたしからそむけてください。あなたの髪はギレアデの山を下るやぎの群れのようだ。 (雅歌 6:5)
Turn away your eyes from me, for they have overcome me. Your hair is like a flock of goats, that lie along the side of Gilead. (Song of Solomon 6:5)

高野七口のひとつでもあったろくろ峠からは平坦な尾根沿いの林道を進み、薄峠（すすきとうげ）手前の切り通しから御殿川（おどがわ）へと下る。
From Rokuro Pass which was one of Koya Nana-kuchi (seven gates of Mt. Koya), a flat forestry road extends along the ridge, and it descends from a dug way before Susuki Pass to Odo-gawa River.

ウマを馳せながら矢を射ることから、「矢馳せ馬（やばせうま）」と呼ばれ、時代が下るにつれて「やぶさめ」と呼ばれるようになったといわれる。
It is believed to have been called 'yabaseuma' because arrows were shot from a galloping horse, and over time was changed to 'yabusame.'

吉備、阿讃（東四国）の勢力の技術によると見られる初期の前方後円墳が大和を中心に分布しており、時代が下るにつれて全国に広がっていること。
Large keyhole-shaped tomb mounds of an early date apparently constructed using the techniques of groups in Kibi and Asan (East Shikoku) were distributed centering in Yamato, and spread throughout Japan in subsequent years.

その後、大正・昭和と下るに連れて、日本のナショナリズム・民族主義が強まっていくと、大和魂の語には日本への強い意識が込めらるようになった。
Later, as Japanese nationalism and racism intensified during the Taisho and Showa periods, the word yamato-damashii began to connote a strong Japanese consciousness.

分流の大草流の相伝書としても『大草流料理書』『大草殿より相伝の聞書』などがあり、成立年代は不明だが、上記書籍より若干下る時代と思われる。
The Okusa School books of inherited teachings including 'Okusa School Cooking Book,' 'Lecture Notes of Inherited Teachings from Master Okusa,' and the like which also survive, all of which are supposed to have been written a little later than the book mentioned above even though the actual creation date is unknown.

鎌倉時代には十王をそれぞれ十仏と相対させるようになり、時代が下るにつれてその数も増え、江戸時代には十三仏信仰なるものが生まれるに至った。
Each Juo was correlated with each Buddha in the Kamakura period, thereafter the number of Buddha increased gradually to create the Jusanbutsu-shinko belief (Thirteen Buddha belief) in the Edo period.
In the Kamakura period, people believed that each one of Juo corresponded with each of Jubutsu (10 Buddha); the number grew as the time went by, and in the Edo period, Jusanbutsu shinko (13 Buddha belief) was born.

また、高度が上昇するにつれ大気の密度が下ることに気づき、大気の高さが58 1/2マイル(約9万4千メートル)であると実際に確定しました。
He is aware that the atmosphere decreases in density with increase of elevation, and actually fixes its height at 58 1/2 miles.

また、「だれが底知れぬ所に下るであろうかと言うな」。それは、キリストを死人の中から引き上げることである。 (ローマ人への手紙 10:7)
or, 'Who will descend into the abyss?' {Deuteronomy 30:13} (that is, to bring Christ up from the dead.)' (Romans 10:7)

六条御息所はみずからの生霊のおそろしさにおびえ、娘が斎宮となったのを機にともに伊勢国に下ることを決意し、嵯峨野の野宮に籠もって潔斎する。
Rokujo no Miyasudokoro is afraid of her own vicious spirit, so when her daughter becomes a high priestess, she decides to go down to Ise Province with her daughter, to confine and purify herself in the temporary shrine at Sagano.

次男の上杉重房は丹波国何鹿郡上杉庄（京都府綾部市上杉町周辺）を領して上杉重房となり、征夷大将軍の宗尊親王と共に関東の鎌倉へ下ることになる。
Shigefusa UESUGI, his second son, became Shigefusa UESUGI after seizing Uesugi no sho, Ikaruga County, Tanba Province (now, Uesugi-cho area, Ayabe City, Kyoto Prefecture) and went to Kamakura in the Kanto region with Imperial Prince Munetaka, seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians').

茶道具もそれまでの侘びた目に立たないものから、例えば華やかな蒔絵の棗など、これ以降現代に時代を下れば下るほど派手で、目立つものになってゆく。
Tea making utensils changed from those of simple and quiet understated elegance in the past to, for example, natsume (a powdered tea container) of opulent gold-relief lacquer ware and tea making utensils continued to become more extravagant and conspicuous with time from then onward to the present day.

地の誇り高ぶる者はみな主を拝み、ちりに下る者も、おのれを生きながらえさせえない者も、みなそのみ前にひざまずくでしょう。 (詩篇 22:29)
All the rich ones of the earth shall eat and worship. All those who go down to the dust shall bow before him, even he who can't keep his soul alive. (Psalms 22:29)

応仁2年（1468年）閏10月14日、京に甥の朝倉氏景 (8代当主)と配下の兵を残し、朝倉敏景、朝倉光玖、朝倉景冬の兄弟揃って越前国へ下る。
On December 7, 1468, he left his nephew, Ujikage ASAKURA (the eighth head of the family) and vassals in Kyoto, he went to Echizen Province with his brothers, Toshikage ASAKURA, Kokyu ASAKURA and Kagefuyu ASAKURA.

鵜飼各戸はこれより前に準備するが、鵜飼は暗夜にかぎる漁法であるから、月夜を嫌い、上弦の夜は月入後、下弦の夜は月出前、上流から下流へ漁して下る。
Each Ukai house starts preparation before that, and ujo does fishing from the upper reaches to the lower reaches after the moon sets on the day of a waxing half moon and before the moon rises on the day of a waning half moon because Ukai is done only in the dark of night, avoiding moonlight.

またヘルモンの露がシオンの山に下るようだ。これは主がかしこに祝福を命じ、とこしえに命を与えられたからである。都もうでの歌 (詩篇 133:3)
like the dew of Hermon, that comes down on the hills of Zion: for there Yahweh gives the blessing, even life forevermore. (Psalms 133:3)

時代が下るにつれてシテ方と交替し、あるいは過渡期的に「地謡方」という専門の役職ができたりして変遷をたどりながら現在のかたちに落ちついたとされる。
As time went by, the part, sometimes, switched alternatively to the pro protagonists, or might be performed by some specialist called the 'pro Noh chorus' during some transitional period and now, it has assumed the present form.

あなたがたは、だれにも不誠実な言葉でだまされてはいけない。これらのことから、神の怒りは不従順の子らに下るのである。 (エペソ人への手紙 5:6)
Let no one deceive you with empty words. For because of these things, the wrath of God comes on the children of disobedience. (Ephesians 5:6)

時代が下ると、神使とされる動物は、その神の神話における記述や神社の縁起に基づいて固定化されるようになり、その神社の境内で飼育されるようにもなった。
With time, animal familiars took on fixed identities in episodes of mythology of relevant gods or in shrine lore, and it became customary to feed those animals in the shrine's precincts.

以前の旗の形をしたものは旗印､旗の形ではないものを馬印とし、更に時代を下ると馬印は大馬印と小馬印に分かれた(大馬印に比例する旗印は纏と表記される)。
Traditional ones which were in a flag shape were called hatajirushi and others which were not in a flag shape were regarded as umajirushi, and in later years, o-umajirushi (large umajirushi) were distinguished from ko-umajirushi (small umajirushi); additionally, hatajirushi whose size was equivalent to o-umajirushi were called matoi.

主はその威厳ある声を聞かせ、激しい怒りと、焼きつくす火の炎と、豪雨と、暴風と、ひょうとをもってその腕の下ることを示される。 (イザヤ書 30:30)
Yahweh will cause his glorious voice to be heard, and will show the descent of his arm, with the indignation of his anger, and the flame of a devouring fire, with a blast, storm, and hailstones. (Isaiah 30:30)

朝鮮半島の城は、朝鮮固有の形式である山城の他に中国の影響を強く受けた都市城壁を持つ邑城（ウプソン）の2形式があるが時代が下るとともに邑城へと移行した。
The castles in the Korean peninsula are classified into two types: mountain castle in a form specific to Korea and upuson with city walls, which are greatly influenced by China, but dominated later in the period.

この別働隊に妻女山の上杉軍を攻撃させ、上杉軍が勝っても負けても山を下るから、これを平野部に布陣した本隊が待ち伏せし、別働隊と挟撃して殲滅する作戦である。
This military strategy was as follows: This separate troop attacks Uesugi's forces on Saijo-san Mountain; regardless of the result, Uesugi's forces will come down the mountain; and then the body of Takeda's forces is awaiting in the plain field, and eventually the two troops take the pincer attack movement to destroy Uesugi's forces completely.

給田の経営は、はじめ自らの下人・所従らを駆使して行なわれていたが、時代が下るにつれ、荘園内の名主・百姓らへ請作に出して行なわれていったと考えられている。
The management of shoen was first done using their own servants and followers, but as the ages went on, leasing out to the village headman and farmers within the shoen became the practice.

前項の許可又は起業の認可を申請すべき期間は、三箇月を下ることができない。ただし、農林水産省令で定める緊急を要する特別の事情があるときは、この限りでない。
The periods during which the application for a permission or an approval of business commencement should be filed may not be shorter than three months; provided that the same shall not apply if there is any special circumstance requiring urgency prescribed in an Ordinance of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries.

神は言われた、「わたしは神、あなたの父の神である。エジプトに下るのを恐れてはならない。わたしはあそこであなたを大いなる国民にする。 (創世記 46:3)
He said, 'I am God, the God of your father. Don't be afraid to go down into Egypt, for there I will make of you a great nation. (Genesis 46:3)

それまで国政を全面委任されていた幕府に対し、朝廷から改革の指示が下るという前代未聞の事態に幕府内は混乱するが、結局その大部分を受け入れざるを得なかった。
For the bakufu which had been fully entrusted with the administration of the country, being ordered to reform by the imperial court was an unprecedented event and the bakufu got confused, but it had to finally accept almost all of the order.

（ただし、摩羅（まら）という言葉は仏教と共に日本に入ってきたものであり、男根の別称とされたのはさらに時代が下るものであるので、この説は後世の附会である）
(It should be noted, however, that since the word 'mara,' which means 'obstacles to practicing buddhism,' was introduced to Japan together with Buddhism and only later came to be used as another word for penis, this theory is an invention by more recent generations.)

しかしながら、現存する最古のサンスクリット（梵字）本は、法隆寺所蔵の8世紀後半（伝承では609年請来）の写本とされる貝葉本であり、漢訳経典より時代を下る。
However, the oldest existing Sanskrit book is the Baiyo-bon edition housed at Horyu-ji Temple, which is said to be a manuscript from the latter part of the eighth century (introduced in 609 according to a legend), and it was written in a later age than the time when Buddhist sutras were translated into Chinese.

桓武平氏（かんむへいし）は、天長2年（825年）以降に桓武天皇の孫たちのうち身分の低い者が、「平朝臣」を賜姓されて臣籍に下ることによって成立した氏族である。
The Kanmu-Heishi were established by some lower ranked grandsons of Emperor Kanmu who had been given the honorary surname of 'TAIRA no Ason' upon being demoted from the Imperial family in and after 825.

大奥は時代が下るにつれて規模が肥大化し、それに伴って数多くの役職が置かれていったが、その頂点に立つのが上臈御年寄や御年寄といった取締役（統括管理職）だった。
The scale of O-oku increased in later times, many posts were established and at the top of such posts were managers (umbrella administrator) like Joro Otoshiyori and Otoshiyori.

しかし、主の使がピリポにむかって言った、「立って南方に行き、エルサレムからガザへ下る道に出なさい」（このガザは、今は荒れはてている）。 (使徒行伝 8:26)
But an angel of the Lord spoke to Philip, saying, 'Arise, and go toward the south to the way that goes down from Jerusalem to Gaza. This is a desert.' (Acts 8:26)

薩長へ「討幕の密勅」が下ることを予期した慶喜は（先手を打って）慶応3年（1867年）10月14日、朝廷に対して政権返上を上奏し翌15日勅許された（大政奉還）。
Yoshinobu anticipated a secret order to Saccho (Satsuma and Choshu -han Clans) from the Emperor to destroy the Shogunate, and on Oct. 14, 1867, he (as a preemptive measure) suggested to the Imperial Court that he would return his political power to the Emperor; his request was accepted by the Emperor on the 15th, the following day (Taisei Hokan).

たとえば、「下丸屋町」という町は、京都市役所や本能寺の近くの「河原町通御池下る」にあるほか、そこから数百メートル西北方の「小川通夷川上る」にも同じ名の町がある。
For example, while there is a town named 'Shimomaruya-cho' in 'Kawaramachi-dori Oike-sagaru' near Kyoto City Hall and Honno-ji Temple, another exists in 'Ogawa-dori Ebisugawa-agaru' which is few hundred meters to the northwest from there.

「わたしが墓に下るならば、わたしの死になんの益があるでしょうか。ちりはあなたをほめたたえるでしょうか。あなたのまことをのべ伝えるでしょうか。 (詩篇 30:9)
'What profit is there in my destruction, if I go down to the pit? Shall the dust praise you? Shall it declare your truth? (Psalms 30:9)

仙台藩で江戸時代に編纂された複数の資料・系図は胤通を陸奥国分氏の先祖とするが、古い時代で一致するのは胤通だけで、戦国時代 (日本)を下るまで異同がはなはだしい。
In several materials and family trees edited in Sendai Domain in the Edo period, Tanemichi is regarded as the ancestor of the Kokubun clan in Mutsu Province, however, this is the only common infomation in the earlier records, and other information related to the Kokubu clan until the Sengoku period (period of warring states) widely varies.

他の公家が経済的困窮のために地方に下る例が後を絶たない中、実隆が京都にとどまることができた大きな理由は、文化人としての収入が大きかったこともあると考えられている。
While other court nobles couldn't help moving to the local areas, Sanetaka could stay in Kyoto probably because he had a comfortable income from such cultural activities.

同じ塑造の傑作として知られる東大寺戒壇院の四天王像の造形と比較すると、甲冑など、やや形式を重視した形で造形されており、東大寺像よりも時代が少し下ると見られている。
Compared with the Shitenno-zo (Image of the four guardian kings) of Todai-ji Kaidan-in, which is known as a masterpiece of molding, they are formed with a little emphasis on formality including kacchu (armor); therefore, they are believed to have been made later in the period than the images of Todai-ji Temple.

美作街道を更に下ると、佐用郡佐用（現・佐用郡佐用町佐用）、佐用郡長谷（現・佐用郡佐用町口長谷）、佐用郡平福（現・佐用郡佐用町平福）の松井松平氏3旗本の知行地がある。
Further down the Mimasaka-kaido road, there were the chigyo-chi territories of three Hatamoto of the Matsui-Matsudaira clan such as Sayo, Sayo County (present Sayo, Sayo Town, Sayo County), Nagatani, Sayo County (present Kuchinagatani, Sayo Town, Sayo County), and Hirafuku, Sayo County (present Hirafuku, Sayo Town, Sayo County).

時代が下ると、発芽玄米より効率の良い麦芽が糖化酵素の供給源として利用されるようになり（麦芽水飴）、現在では、デンプンに酸を加え、加水分解して作られている（酸糖化法）。
In more recent years malt has been used as a supply of diastatic enzyme since it has better efficiency than brown rice seedlings (malt mizuame), it is currently manufactured by adding acid to the starch and hydrolyzing it (the acid saccharification method).

時代が下ると大和猿楽諸座がその中心となり、有名なのは寛正5年（1464年）4月、京都糺河原における鞍馬寺の再興のための僧善盛の勧進、音阿弥・観世政盛父子の演能である。
As time went by, schools of the Yamato Sarugaku (Sarugaku developed mainly in Yamato Province) began to play a key role in kanjin-Noh, and one of their most famous performances was the play performed by Onami and his son Masamori KANZE at Tadasugawara, Kyoto in May 1464, which was sponsored by a Buddhist monk named Yoshimori (善盛) in order to raise subscriptions for the restoration of Kurama-dera Temple.

時代が下ると、雪月花は主に雪・月・桜の取り合わせとして理解され、この三種の景物、さらにはそうした景物をめでる風流な態度そのものを示す語句として理解されるようになった。
Later on, 'setsugetsuka' was recognized primarily as the combination of snow, the moon, and cherry blossoms; 'setsugetsuka' referred to these three objects themselves, or further included the elegant stances themselves when enjoing these objects.

合併をする監査法人は、次に掲げる事項を官報に公告し、かつ、知れている債権者には、各別にこれを催告しなければならない。ただし、第三号の期間は、一月を下ることができない。
An audit corporation carrying out a merger shall give public notice of the following matters in an official gazette and give notice individually to the known creditors; provided, however, that the period set forth in item (iii) may not be less than one month:

ダビデはその所で主に祭壇を築き、燔祭と酬恩祭をささげた。そこで主はその地のために祈を聞かれたので、災がイスラエルに下ることはとどまった。 (サムエル記下 24:25)
David built an altar to Yahweh there, and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings. So Yahweh was entreated for the land, and the plague was stayed from Israel. (2 Samuel 24:25)

いつごろまで経済的優遇が実体を伴っていたかは不明であるが以後、時代が下るにつれ、次第に経済的優遇としての准后から身分上の優遇を目的とした称号へと転化することとなった。
It is unknown as to what extent economically favorable treatment was of any substance, but since then and in more recent years its meaning gradually transformed from Jugo as an economically favorable treatment into a title intended for preferential treatment in status.

前三項の規定にかかわらず、これらの規定により算定した賃金日額が、第一号に掲げる額を下るときはその額を、第二号に掲げる額を超えるときはその額を、それぞれ賃金日額とする。
Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding three paragraphs, in the case where the daily amount of wages calculated under these provisions is less than the amount listed in item (i), the amount listed therein, and in the case where the above daily amount of wages exceeds the amount listed in item (ii), the amount listed therein, shall respectively be the daily amount of wages:

建物を下るにつれて、地上が窓に迫ってきて、やがてそれぞれの窓の前に、ロンドンの家屋の地下勝手口じみた穴蔵ができており、日光はてっぺんの細い線から入ってくるだけでした。
As you went down the length, the ground came up against these windows, until at last there was a pit like the 'area' of a London house before each, and only a narrow line of daylight at the top.

しかしあなたは忌みきらわれる月足らぬ子のように墓のそとに捨てられ、つるぎで刺し殺された者でおおわれ、踏みつけられる死体のように穴の石に下る。 (イザヤ書 14:19)
But you are cast away from your tomb like an abominable branch, clothed with the slain, who are thrust through with the sword, who go down to the stones of the pit; like a dead body trodden under foot. (Isaiah 14:19)

カマドは時代が下るごとに発達し、「壁」の外へ向かって張り出していくようになるが、実際には竪穴住居の堀くぼめた部分が狭まってそのぶんカマドが発達していると考えられている。
The stove developed over time and began to protrude outward beyond the wall, but this is believed to have been a development resulting from the pit dug into the dwelling becoming narrower.

わたしはあなたがたが造って罪を得た子牛を取り、それを火で焼き、それを撃ち砕き、よくひいて細かいちりとし、そのちりを山から流れ下る谷川に投げ捨てた。 (申命記 9:21)
I took your sin, the calf which you had made, and burnt it with fire, and stamped it, grinding it very small, until it was as fine as dust: and I cast its dust into the brook that descended out of the mountain. (Deuteronomy 9:21)

合併をする特許業務法人は、次に掲げる事項を官報に公告し、かつ、知れている債権者には、各別にこれを催告しなければならない。ただし、第三号の期間は、一月を下ることができない。
A merging patent professional corporation shall make public notice of the matters listed below in Official Gazette and give notice thereof separately to each known creditor; provided, however, that the period of time set forth in item (iii) may not be less than one month:

合併をする弁護士法人は、次に掲げる事項を官報に公告し、かつ、知れている債権者には、各別にこれを催告しなければならない。ただし、第三号の期間は、一箇月を下ることができない。
Each Legal Profession Corporation that is merging shall give public notice in the Official Gazette (kanpou) and notify each known creditor individually of the following matters; provided, however that the period set forth in item (iii) below cannot be less than one month:

組織変更をする株式会社は、次に掲げる事項を官報に公告し、かつ、知れている債権者には、各別にこれを催告しなければならない。ただし、第三号の期間は、一箇月を下ることができない。
A Stock Company effecting Entity Conversion shall give public notice of the matters listed below in the official gazette and shall give notices separately to each known creditor, if any; provided, however, that the period under item (iii) may not be less than one month:

東海道を下る追討軍は、出発が伸びている間に各地の源氏が次々と兵を挙げ、進軍している情報が広まっていたために兵員が思うように集まらず、夏の凶作で糧食の調達もままならなかった。
Going down the Tokaido road, Koremori's army had difficulty not only recruiting soldiers due to the information that the Minamoto clan around the country were raising armies one after another and on the advance, disseminated while his army was procrastinating but also procuring food due to the poor crop during the summer.

明徳元年（1390年）、山名家中の家督争いに介入した足利義満によって氏之・時熙兄弟に討伐令が下ると、氏之は山名満幸によって本拠地の伯耆国に攻め込まれ没落し、備後国へ逃れた。
After Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA stepped in the Yamana clan's succession dispute and gave a command for putting down Ujiyuki and Tokihiro in 1390, Ujiyuki was attacked and ruined by Mitsuyuki YAMANA in his home ground, Hoki Province, and fled to Bingo Province.

その後時代が下ると人形は精巧さを増し、十二単の装束を着せた「元禄雛」、大型の「享保雛」などが作られたが、これらは豪勢な金箔張りの屏風の前に内裏の人形を並べた立派なものだった。
As the time passed by, the dolls became more refined; the Genroku-bina (dolls of the Genroku era) in the costume of the juni-hitoe (twelve-layered ceremonial kimono) and the large-size Kyoho-bina (dolls of the Kyoho era) were made, and, being displayed in front of gorgeous gold-leaf folding screens, these dairi-bina were magnificent.

こうした事情は武士の発生時期から数世紀下る17世紀初頭の日葡辞書に、「さむらい」は貴人を意味し、「ぶし」は軍人を意味すると区別して記載されていることにもその一端が現れている。
We can see a part of these situations in the description, where distinctively, 'samurai' refers to nobility and 'bushi' a military officer, in the Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Japanese-Portuguese dictionary, published 1603-1604) during the early 17th century, some centuries after the time of bushi's emergence.

たとえば、「稲荷町」という町は、繁華街の四条河原町交差点近く（河原町通四条下る）にあるほか、そこから数百メートル南方、七条大橋の近く「七条通木屋町東入る」にも同じ名の町がある。
For example, while there is a town named 'Inari-cho' near the Shijo-Kawaramachi crossing (Kawaramachi-dori, Shijo-sagaru), another 'Inari-cho' exists several hundred meters south, near Shichijo-ohashi Bridge, at 'Shichijo-dori, Kiyamachi-higashi-iru.'

明治27年（1894年）に勃発した日清戦争では陸海軍の総司令官として広島大本営に下るが、腸チフス（当初はマラリアと診断された）を発症し、兵庫県の有栖川宮舞子別邸にて静養に入る。
He went down to Hiroshima Imperial Headquarters as the supreme commander of the military and navy in the Sino-Japanese War that occurred in 1894, however he came down with typhoid fever (he was initially diagnosed as having malaria), and went to Arisunogawa no Miya Maiko villa in Kyogo Prefecture to rest.

組織変更をする会員商品取引所は、次に掲げる事項を官報に公告し、かつ、知れている債権者には、各別にこれを催告しなければならない。ただし、第二号の期間は、一月を下ることができない。
A Member Commodity Exchange implementing Entity Conversion shall give public notice of the following matters in an official gazette and notify such matters individually to known creditors; provided, however, that the period set forth in item (ii) may not be shorter than one month:

前項の場合には、当該投資法人は、次に掲げる事項を官報に公告し、かつ、知れている債権者には、各別にこれを催告しなければならない。ただし、第二号の期間は、一月を下ることができない。
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, the Investment Corporation shall give public notice in an official gazette and shall issue a separate notice to each of its known creditors of the following matters; provided, however, that the period set forth in item (ii) may not be shorter than one month:

こうしてわれわれは彼の見つかる場所で彼を襲い、つゆが地におりるように彼の上に下る。そして彼および彼と共にいるすべての人をひとりも残さないでしょう。 (サムエル記下 17:12)
So shall we come on him in some place where he shall be found, and we will light on him as the dew falls on the ground; and of him and of all the men who are with him we will not leave so much as one. (2 Samuel 17:12)

組織変更をする会員金融商品取引所は、次に掲げる事項を官報に公告し、かつ、知れている債権者には、各別にこれを催告しなければならない。ただし、第二号の期間は、一月を下ることができない。
A Membership-Type Financial Instruments Exchange implementing Entity Conversion shall give public notice of the following matters in the Official Gazette and send a demand on such matters individually to known creditors; provided, however, that the period set forth in item (ii) may not be less than one month:

わが愛する者よ、見よ、あなたは美しい、見よ、あなたは美しい。あなたの目は、顔おおいのうしろにあって、はとのようだ。あなたの髪はギレアデの山を下るやぎの群れのようだ。 (雅歌 4:1)
Behold, you are beautiful, my love. Behold, you are beautiful. Your eyes are doves behind your veil. Your hair is as a flock of goats, that descend from Mount Gilead. (Song of Solomon 4:1)

しかし、時代が下るにつれて徐々に大型化するとともに、つるす部分が退化することから、最初は舌を内部につるして鳴らすものとして用いられたが、徐々に見るものへと変わっていったと考えられている。
However, dotaku became larger and part for hanging was lost as period went forward, therefore it became an object for viewing whereas originally it was a bell with metal parts hung inside for ringing.

前項に規定する場合には、吸収合併消滅法人は、次に掲げる事項を官報に公告し、かつ、知れている債権者には、各別にこれを催告しなければならない。ただし、第三号の期間は、一月を下ることができない。
In the case referred to in the preceding paragraph, an Investment Corporation Extinguished in the Absorption-Type Merger shall give public notice in an official gazette and a separate notice to each of the known creditors of the following matters; provided, however, that the period set forth in item (iii) shall not be shorter than one month:

そして、その微笑をかすかに残しつつ、両手をズボンのポケットに深くつっこんだまま、かれはゆっくりと部屋を出て、そしてかれの研究室までの長い廊下を下るかれのスリッパの音が聞こえるだけとなった。
Then, still smiling faintly, and with his hands deep in his trousers pockets, he walked slowly out of the room, and we heard his slippers shuffling down the long passage to his laboratory.

わたしが父のみもとからあなたがたにつかわそうとしている助け主、すなわち、父のみもとから来る真理の御霊が下る時、それはわたしについてあかしをするであろう。 (ヨハネによる福音書 15:26)
'When the Counselor {Greek Parakletos: Counselor, Helper, Advocate, Intercessor, and Comforter.} has come, whom I will send to you from the Father, the Spirit of truth, who proceeds from the Father, he will testify about me. (John 15:26)

ただし、『古今集』の成立は『万葉集』よりも時代が下るので、この語釈が『万葉集』成立後にできあがったものという可能性も否定できず、そのまま『万葉集』の由来としてあてはめることには疑問もある。
But as 'Kokin Wakashu' was completed after the 'Manyoshu,' the probability cannot be denied that the above interpretation was made after the completion of the 'Manyoshu;' therefore, it is questionable to suppose the part the origin of the 'Manyoshu.'

建物が面している通り名を先に言い、近くの交差する通りから、北に行くことを上る（あがる）、南に行くことを下る（さがる）、東に行くことを東入（ひがしいる）、西に行くことを西入（にしいる）と表現する。
The address begins with the name of the street on which a building is located, followed by the direction from the nearby intersection: 'Agaru (up)' when the building is to the north of the intersection, 'Sagaru (down)' when to the south, 'Higashi-iru' when to the east, and 'Nishi-iru' when to the west.

その語構成からも窺えるように、「サモラフ」の原義は相手の様子をじっと窺うという意味であったが、奈良時代には既に貴人の傍らに控えて様子を窺いつつその命令が下るのを待つという意味でも使用されていた。
As its roots suggest, the word 'samorafu' originally conveyed the meaning of carefully watching an opponent's actions; in fact, it was already used in the Nara period to communicate the idea of waiting close by to a nobleman on the lookout while awaiting instructions.

そこでサウルは神に伺った、「わたしはペリシテびとを追って下るべきでしょうか。あなたは彼らをイスラエルの手に渡されるでしょうか」。しかし神はその日は答えられなかった。 (サムエル記上 14:37)
Saul asked counsel of God, 'Shall I go down after the Philistines? Will you deliver them into the hand of Israel?' But he didn't answer him that day. (1 Samuel 14:37)

彼らの言うところを聞け。そうすればあなたの手が強くなって、敵陣に攻め下ることができるであろう」。ギデオンがしもべプラと共に下って、敵陣にある兵隊たちの前哨地点に行ってみると、 (士師記 7:11)
and you shall hear what they say; and afterward your hands will be strengthened to go down into the camp.' Then went he down with Purah his servant to the outermost part of the armed men who were in the camp. (Judges 7:11)

和睦成立後、比叡山にいた官軍の大部分は、後醍醐天皇と共に京都へ帰る者と、皇太子恒良親王を奉じて新田義貞と共に越前へ下る者とに分かれたが、師基はどちらにも加わらず、中院定平らと共に河内国へ落ちのびた。
After the peace accord was reached, the majority of the Imperial army camped at Mt. Hiei was divided into 2 groups with one returning to Kyoto with Emperor Godaigo and the other going down to Echizen Province with Yoshisada NITTA, following the Crown Prince Tsuneyoshi but Moromoto, not joining the either group, fled to Kawachi Province with some of his allies including Sadahira NAKANOIN.

そしてアラウナは言った、「どうして王わが主は、しもべの所にこられましたか」。ダビデは言った、「あなたから打ち場を買い取り、主に祭壇を築いて民に下る災をとどめるためです」。 (サムエル記下 24:21)
Araunah said, 'Why has my lord the king come to his servant?' David said, 'To buy your threshing floor, to build an altar to Yahweh, that the plague may be stopped from afflicting the people.' (2 Samuel 24:21)

主よ、わたしはあなたにむかって呼ばわります。わが岩よ、わたしにむかって耳しいとならないでください。もしあなたが黙っておられるならば、おそらく、わたしは墓に下る者と等しくなるでしょう。 (詩篇 28:1)
<> To you, Yahweh, I call. My rock, don't be deaf to me; lest, if you are silent to me, I would become like those who go down into the pit. (Psalms 28:1)

清算人は、その就職の日から二月以内に、少なくとも三回の公告をもつて、債権者に対し、一定の期間内にその債権の申出をすべき旨の催告をしなければならない。この場合において、その期間は、二月を下ることができない。
Within two months from the day when a liquidator takes office, the liquidator shall require the relevant creditors, by releasing a public notice on at least three occasions, to file their claims within a specified period. In this case, such notice period may not be less than two months.
A liquidator shall, within two months from the day on which he/she assumed his/her office, by giving public notice on at least three occasions, demand the relevant creditors to file their claims within a stated period. In this case, the notice period may not be less than two months.

清算人は、その就職の日から二月以内に、少なくとも三回の公告をもって、債権者に対し、一定の期間内にその債権の申出をすべき旨の催告をしなければならない。この場合において、その期間は、二月を下ることができない。
A liquidator shall, within two months from the day on which he/she assumed his/her office, by giving public notice on at least three occasions, demand the relevant creditors to file their claims within a stated period. In this case, the notice period may not be less than two months.

この方式では、まず、家屋、ビルなどが直接面している通りの名を先に言い、その後に直近で交差する通りの名を付記し、「上る」（あがる）、「下る」（さがる）、「東入」（ひがしいる）、「西入」（にしいる）等と表記する。
According to this method, the street name which a house or a building directly faces is being mentioned first, and then a name of an intersecting street in the nearest area is added, followed by the expressions such as 'Agaru' (to the north of), 'Sagaru' (to the south of), 'Higashiiru' (to the east of) and 'Nishiiru' (to the west of).

清算人は、その就職の日から二箇月以内に、少なくとも三回の公告をもって、債権者に対し、一定の期間内にその債権の申出をすべき旨の催告をしなければならない。この場合において、その期間は、二箇月を下ることができない。
Within two months from the day when he/she takes office, the liquidator(s) must require the relevant obligees, by releasing a public notice on at least three occasions, to file their claims within a stated period, in which case such notice period may not be less than two months.

保津川下りとほぼ同じコースをゴム製のラフト（ゴムボート）で下るラフティングは、一般的には観光川下りよりもスリルが味わえ、かつ「自分で操作する」という満足感を味わえるために人気が高まり、複数の業者が開催している。
The rafting--going down almost the same stream as that of the pleasure boat trip by rubber raft (rubber boat)--has become popular not only because people are usually more thrilled than the pleasure boat trip but also because people can experience a feeling of satisfaction in 'operating the raft by themselves'; therefore, several companies has launched rafting trip here.

その所にエドムとその王たちと、そのすべての君たちがおる。彼らはその力を持つにもかかわらず、かのつるぎで殺された者と共に横たえられ、割礼を受けない者および穴に下る者と共に伏している。 (エゼキエル書 32:29)
There is Edom, her kings and all her princes, who in their might are laid with those who are slain by the sword: they shall lie with the uncircumcised, and with those who go down to the pit. (Ezekiel 32:29)

史料における悪党の語の初出は『続日本紀』霊亀2年5月21日条（716年）の勅に見える「鋳銭悪党」であるが、2例目は12世紀後半の「占部安光文書紛失状案」（永万元年（1165年）3月21日付）まで遙かに下る。
The term akuto first appeared in historical materials as 'Jusen akuto' in the imperial decree in the May 21, 716 section of 'Shoku-Nihongi' (Chronicle of Japan Continued), but the second appearance is in the 'Senbuanko bunsho funshitsu joan' ('占部安光文書紛失状案') (March 21, 1165) in the late twelfth century, which is much later in history.

そこでギデオンが民を導いて水ぎわに下ると、主は彼に言われた、「すべて犬のなめるように舌をもって水をなめる者はそれを別にしておきなさい。またすべてひざを折り、かがんで水を飲む者もそうしなさい」。 (士師記 7:5)
So he brought down the people to the water; and Yahweh said to Gideon, 'Everyone who laps of the water with his tongue, like a dog laps, you shall set him by himself; likewise everyone who bows down on his knees to drink.' (Judges 7:5)

清算人は、その就任後遅滞なく、組合の債権者に対し、一定の期間内にその債権を申し出るべき旨を官報に公告し、かつ、知れている債権者には、各別にこれを催告しなければならない。ただし、当該期間は、二月を下ることができない。
A liquidator shall, without delay after assuming office as such, give a public notification in the official gazette to the effect that the creditors of the Partnership are called on to present their claims within a specified period, and give individual peremptory notices to the same effect to the creditors known to the Partnership; provided, however, that such specified period shall not be less than two (2) months.

その後、藤原信頼を見捨て、長男義平・次男朝長・三男頼朝・一族の源義隆（陸奥六郎義隆）・平賀義信（平賀義信）・源重成（佐渡重成）、家臣の鎌田政清・斉藤実盛・渋谷金王丸らを伴い、東国で勢力挽回を図るべく東海道を下るが、
After that, Yoshitomo abandoned FUJIWARA no Nobuyori and went to Togoku to regain his power with his first son Yoshihira, his second son Asanaga, his third son Yoritomo, the families MINAMOTO no Yoshitaka (later Mutsu Rokuro Yoshitaka), Yoshinobu HIRAGA, and MINAMOTO no Shigenari (later Shigenari SADO), his followers Masakiyo KAMATA, Sanemori SAITO and Konnomaru SHIBUYA.

あなたを穴に下る者どもと共に、昔の民の所に下し、穴に下る者と共に下の国に、昔のままの荒れ跡の中に、あなたを住ませる。それゆえ、あなたは人の住む所とならず、また生ある者の地に所を得ない。 (エゼキエル書 26:20)
then will I bring you down with those who descend into the pit, to the people of old time, and will make you to dwell in the lower parts of the earth, in the places that are desolate of old, with those who go down to the pit, that you be not inhabited; and I will set glory in the land of the living: (Ezekiel 26:20)

こうした点から、百済観音は夢殿本尊像などよりはやや年代が下るが、初唐彫刻の影響が見られる薬師寺東院堂の聖観音像や法隆寺の夢違観音像などよりは古く、おおむね7世紀半ばから後半の作とする点で研究者の意見はほぼ一致している。
Based on these points, researchers agree on the most part that while Kudara Kannon-zo was made at a later time than the statue at the honzon of Yumedono and others, it is older than the Sho Kannon-zo (statue of Sho Kannon) at Yakushi-ji Temple Toin-do and Yume-Chigai Kannon-zo (statue of Yume-Chigai Kannon) at Horyu-ji Temple, among others, which show the influence of the sculpture of the early Tang period, and that it is the work of roughly around the middle to late seventh century.

これは時代が下るにつれて消費者の嗜好が変化し、より低塩分な漬物を求めるようになったことの帰結でもあるのだが、そのため、近年の食品工業的なたくあんに対しては、主に高齢層から、甘い、食感が悪いなどという意見が見受けられる。
This is in part as a consequence of changes in consumers taste to prefer low sodium pickles over the years, but on the other hand, there have been some feedback mainly from the older consumers on the takuan-zuke in recent years, which seems to be a product of a food engineering process, that it is sweet and has unpleasant texture.

誓詞の内容は多くの流派で共通しており、免許を得るまで親兄弟と言えども流儀の内容を教えない、許可を得ずに指導しない、他流批判をおこなわない、天下の御政道を守る等であり、最後に以上の誓いを破った者には神罰が下ると書かれていた。
The contents of the oath were common to most schools: for example, not to tell the contents of the style to even one's parents or brothers and sisters till they are given a license, not to instruct others without permission, not to criticize the other schools, to observe the laws and politics of the government, and the like: and the end of the document stated that the one who violated the before-mentioned vows would surely receive divine punishment.

前項の場合には、組合は、次に掲げる事項を官報に公告し、かつ、預金者、定期積金の積金者その他政令で定める債権者以外の知れている債権者には、各別にこれを催告しなければならない。ただし、第二号の期間は、一月を下ることができない。
In the case set forth in the preceding paragraph, the cooperative shall give public notice of the following matters in an official gazette, and shall notify those matters separately to each known creditor other than depositors, persons who make installment savings, or any other creditors specified by a Cabinet Order; provided, however, that the period set forth in item (ii) shall not be less than one month:

例として挙げるならば応永4年（1397年）の『三宝院文書』所収「山名氏之遵行状」などがあり、時代は下るが天文 (元号)18年（1549年）の成立とされる『光源院文書』の「伯州山名代々次第」にも「大膳大夫氏之」と記されている。
For example, 'Sanpo-in Temple Documents' in 1397 contains the description that 'Ujiyuki (氏之) YAMANA's letters of enforce,' and in later years of 'Kogen-in Temple Documents' which is thought to have been completed in 1549, contains 'Representatives of the Yamana clan, Hakushu (Hoki Province),' in which Ujiyuki's name was written as 'Daizen no daibu, Ujiyuki (氏之).'

わたしがこれを穴に下る者と共に陰府に落す時、もろもろの国民をその落ちる響きのために、打ち震えさせる。そしてエデンのすべての木、レバノンのすぐれて美しいもの、すべて水に潤うものは、下の国で慰められる。 (エゼキエル書 31:16)
I made the nations to shake at the sound of his fall, when I cast him down to Sheol {Sheol is the place of the dead.} with those who descend into the pit; and all the trees of Eden, the choice and best of Lebanon, all that drink water, were comforted in the lower parts of the earth. (Ezekiel 31:16)

その後第2次伊藤内閣を挟んで明治29年（1896年）に再び松方に組閣の大命が下るが、懸案であった金本位制への復帰こそ成し遂げたものの、大隈重信率いる進歩党 (日本)との連繋がうまくいかず、同じく1年数か月で辞任を余儀なくされた。
After that, MATSUKATA was ordered to form a cabinet again by the Emperor in1896, following the Second Ito cabinet, and he achieved a return to the gold standard system which had been a pending problem, but he failed to be in liaison with the Shinpo-to (Progressive Party) led by Shigenobu OKUMA and forced to resign in a year and several months again.

やがて朝廷の日本酒の歴史朝廷による酒造り（みきのつかさ）において酒が造られていた日本酒の歴史朝廷による酒造りにも、日本酒の歴史朝廷による酒造りにはまだ女性も含まれていたが、時代を下るにつれ酒造りはしだいに男性の仕事になっていった。
The Miki no Tsukasa (the office in charge of the brewing of sake and vinegar) brewed sake at the Imperial Court in and after the Asuka period, and the sakabe (the section in charge of sake brewing) still had some female personnel at that time, but sake brewing gradually became a men's job as time went by.

9月29日、「広嗣は凶悪な逆賊である。狂った反乱を起こして人民を苦しめている。不孝不忠のきわみで神罰が下るであろう。これに従っている者は直ちに帰順せよ。広嗣を殺せば5位以上を授ける」との勅が九州諸国の官人、百姓にあてて発せられた。
On October 28, the emperor issued an imperial decree to the government officials and farmers in Kyushu provinces, stating 'Hirotsugu was a gyakuzoku (rebel). He was making people suffer by raising unjustifiable rebellions. He would incur divine punishment due to extreme disloyalty. Those who followed him should return to their former allegiance immediately. If you killed Hirotsugu, you would receive goi (Fifth Rank) or higher.'

ダビデはオルナンに言った、「この打ち場の所をわたしに与えなさい。わたしは災が民に下るのをとどめるため、そこに主のために一つの祭壇を築きます。あなたは、そのじゅうぶんな価をとってこれをわたしに与えなさい」。 (歴代志1 21:22)
Then David said to Ornan, 'Give me the place of this threshing floor, that I may build thereon an altar to Yahweh. You shall sell it to me for the full price, that the plague may be stopped from afflicting the people.' (1 Chronicles 21:22)

主なる神はこう言われる、これが陰府に下る日にわたしが淵をこれがために悲しませ、その川々をせきとめるので、大水はとどまる。わたしはレバノンを、これがために嘆かせ、野のすべての木を、これがために衰えさせる。 (エゼキエル書 31:15)
Thus says the Lord Yahweh: In the day when he went down to Sheol {Sheol is the place of the dead.} I caused a mourning: I covered the deep for him, and I restrained its rivers; and the great waters were stayed; and I caused Lebanon to mourn for him, and all the trees of the field fainted for him. (Ezekiel 31:15)

その所にエラムがおり、その民衆は皆、その墓の周囲におる。彼らはみな殺された者、つるぎに倒れた者、割礼を受けないで、下の国に下った者、生ける者の地に、恐れを起した者で、穴に下る者と共に、恥を負うのである。 (エゼキエル書 32:24)
There is Elam and all her multitude around her grave; all of them slain, fallen by the sword, who are gone down uncircumcised into the lower parts of the earth, who caused their terror in the land of the living, and have borne their shame with those who go down to the pit. (Ezekiel 32:24)

尊氏が鎌倉に入り幕府設立の動きを見せ、朝廷が新田義貞を総大将とする尊氏の討伐軍を発すると、道誉は尊氏軍として義貞軍と矢作川で戦うが敗れ、手超河原では弟の佐々木貞満も討たれ一旦は義貞に下るが、次の箱根の戦いでは尊氏方として戦い勝利する。
When Takauji moved into Kamakura and began establishing the bakufu while the Imperial court sent the subjugating army led by the grand leader Yoshisada NITTA to defeat Takauji, Doyo, as the Takauji army, fought against the Yoshisada army in the Yahagi-gawa River but was defeated, and his younger brother Mitsusada SASAKI was also defeated by Yoshisada in the Tegoegawara river to once yield, but in the next battle of Hakone they fought on the side of the Takauji army that ended in victory for them.

康安元年/正平16年（1361年）に、それまで執事（後の管領）であった細川清氏が失脚して南朝へ下ると斯波家の力が強まり、高経は康安2年/正平17年（1362年）に子の斯波義将を執事（管領）職に就かせ、実権は自身が握って幕政を主導した。
The fact that Kiyouji HOSOKAWA fell from the position of shitsuji (the later kanrei [shognal deputy]) and ran away to the Southern Court let the Shiba family get more power, and Takatsune placed his son Yoshimasa SHIBA in the post of shitsuji in 1362 and he himself got the real power to take the initiative in bakufu.

限定責任信託の清算受託者は、その就任後遅滞なく、信託債権者に対し、一定の期間内にその債権を申し出るべき旨を官報に公告し、かつ、知れている信託債権者には、各別にこれを催告しなければならない。ただし、当該期間は、二箇月を下ることができない。
Without delay after assuming the office, the liquidation trustee of a limited liability trust shall give public notice in an official gazette to the effect that trust creditors should file their claims during a certain period of time, and shall give notice of the same separately to each known creditor; provided, however that said period may not be less than two months.

更に時代が下ると、腐敗した朝廷の口向（経理）を監督するための「御所向御取扱掛」（安永3年設置、奉行が兼務）や京都市街の無秩序な拡大を防止して適正な町割をするための「新地掛」（文化 (日本)10年設置、与力が兼務）などの新たな職掌が生まれ、
Along with the passage of time, new divisions emerged such as 'Gosho-muke otoriatsukai-gakari' (founded 1774, assumed by Magistrate) responsible for overseeing the corrupted kuchimuke (finance division) of the Imperial court and 'Sarachi-gakari' (founded 1813, assumed by yoriki) responsible for preventing random expansion of the Kyoto urban land and implementing appropriate urban development plans.

前項の規定により存続株式会社等の債権者が異議を述べることができる場合には、存続株式会社等は、次に掲げる事項を官報に公告し、かつ、知れている債権者には、各別にこれを催告しなければならない。ただし、第四号の期間は、一箇月を下ることができない。
In cases where the creditors of the Surviving Stock Company, etc. are able to state their objection pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the Surviving Stock Company, etc. shall give public notice of the matters listed below in the official gazette and shall give notices separately to each known creditor, if any; provided, however, that the period under item (iv) may not be less than one month:

前項の規定により特定目的会社の債権者が異議を述べることができる場合には、当該特定目的会社は、次に掲げる事項を官報に公告し、かつ、知れている債権者には、各別にこれを催告しなければならない。ただし、第三号の期間は、一箇月を下ることができない。
In cases where a creditor of a Specific Purpose Company is entitled to state his/her objection pursuant to the preceding paragraph, said Specific Purpose Company shall give public notice in the official gazette, and separate notice to each known creditor, of the following matters; provided, however, that the period set forth in item (iii) shall not be shorter than one month:

前項の規定により同項の債権者の全部又は一部が異議を述べることができる場合には、受託者は、次に掲げる事項を官報に公告し、かつ、同項の債権者で知れているものには、各別に催告しなければならない。ただし、第二号の期間は、一箇月を下ることができない。
Where all or some of the creditors set forth in the preceding paragraph may state their objections pursuant to the provisions of said paragraph, the trustee shall give public notice of the following matters in an official gazette, and shall give notice of the same separately to each of the known creditors set forth in said paragraph; provided, however, that the period set forth in item (ii) may not be less than one month:

前項の規定により株式会社の保険契約者その他の債権者が異議を述べることができる場合には、当該株式会社は、次に掲げる事項を官報及び当該株式会社の定款で定めた公告方法により公告しなければならない。ただし、第三号の期間は、一月を下ることができない。
Where Policyholders or other creditors of a Stock Company may raise their objections pursuant to the provision of the preceding paragraph, said Stock Company shall give public notice of the following matters below in the official gazette and by the Method of Public Notice stipulated in the company's articles of incorporation; provided, however, that the period under item (iii) may not be less than one month:

また、集落内は立ち止まって見学することが難しい場所もあり、特に鞍馬寺山門前は見学者が立ち止まることを禁止されるため、神輿が下るシーンなどをよく見える場所で見学することは難しい（一部の氏子関係者や、集落内の民家で見学する際はこの限りではない）。
In the village, there are spots where it is difficult to stop and watch the festival, especially in front of the main gate of the Kurama-dera Temple where visitors are forbidden to stop, therefore it is difficult to get a good view of the portable shrine coming down the steps (except those who have something to do with ujiko (people under the protection of the local deity) or if you can watch the event from a house in the village.

1379年(康暦元/天授 (日本)5)に、管領である兄の細川頼之が斯波氏を中心とするクーデター・康暦の政変で失脚すると、兄とともに四国へ下るが、翌年に頼之が将軍足利義満から赦免されると1391年（明徳2/元中7）に斯波義将に代わり管領となる。
In 1379 Yorimoto's older brother Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA was overthrown in a coup d'etat, the Koryaku Coup, whereupon Yorimoto departed for the island of Shikoku with Yoriyuki but, during the following year, Yoriyuki was pardoned by the shogun Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA and, in 1391 there was a shift in the post of kanrei (shogunal deputy) from Yoshimasa SHIBA whereupon Yoriyuki took control.

平安京から山陰道を下る場合、山城国と丹波国の国境にある大江坂に設けられた大江関（おおえのせき）を必ず越えて京と別れを告げることになった事から、古くから歌枕の地として知られていた（平安遷都以前にも淀川経由で平城京に向かう場合の経路とされている）。
People using the Sanin-do Road from Heian-kyo, passed through Oeno-seki (the Oe gate station) placed on Oeno-saka Slope, located in the boundary between Yamashiro Province and Tanba Province, in order to bid farewell to the capital; therefore, it was known as a place of utamakura (a place name often used in ancient Japanese poems) (even before the capital was moved to Heian-kyo, this route was used for going to Heijo-kyo via Yodo-gawa River).

その所に北の君たち、およびシドンびとが皆おる。彼らは自分の力によって恐れを起したので、殺された者と共に恥を受けて、下って行った者である。彼らはつるぎで殺された者と共に、割礼を受けずに伏し、穴に下る者と共に恥を負う。 (エゼキエル書 32:30)
There are the princes of the north, all of them, and all the Sidonians, who are gone down with the slain; in the terror which they caused by their might they are put to shame; and they lie uncircumcised with those who are slain by the sword, and bear their shame with those who go down to the pit. (Ezekiel 32:30)

王政復古 (日本)が行われ、薩摩藩・長州藩を中心とする明治新政府の兵との衝突から鳥羽・伏見の戦いが起こると容保は奥羽越列藩同盟の中心となり、会津藩兵も戦うが、大坂へ退いていた慶喜が戦線から離脱すると従い、弟・定敬らとともに幕府軍艦で江戸へ下る。
After the restoration of the monarchy (called Osei-fukko), Katamori became a key person of the Ouetsu Reppan Domei, clashing in the Battle of Toba Fushimi with soldiers of the Satsuma and Choshu-han clans which were at the center of the new Meiji government; soldiers of the Aizu-han clan fought too, but Katamori went to Edo with his brother Sadaaki on a shogunate warship when Yoshinobu who had retreated to Osaka fled from the battle line.

前項の規定により同項の債権者の全部又は一部が異議を述べることができる場合には、受託者は、次に掲げる事項を官報に公告し、かつ、同項の債権者で知れているものには、各別にこれを催告しなければならない。ただし、第二号の期間は、一箇月を下ることができない。
Where all or some of the creditors set forth in the preceding paragraph may state their objections pursuant to the provisions of said paragraph, the trustee shall give public notice of the following matters in the official gazette, and shall give notice of the same separately to each of the known creditors as set forth in said paragraph; provided, however, that the period set forth in item (ii) may not be less than one month:
Where all or some of the creditors set forth in the preceding paragraph may state their objections pursuant to the provisions of said paragraph, the trustee shall give public notice of the following matters in the official gazette, and shall give notice of the same separately to each of the known creditors set forth in said paragraph; provided, however, that the period set forth in item (ii) may not be less than one month:

宋代の官田は、民田が州・県などの地方政府によって管理されるのに対し、官田を専管する中央官庁の下に置かれ、国家は契約した小作人（官佃戸）から租を徴収していたが、元、明と時代が下るにつれて、官田の多くは民田と共に地方政府によって管理されるようになった。
Unlike private estates which were managed by local governments such as zhou (prefecture) and xian (county), Kanden in the Song period was under the control of central authorities and the state collected land taxes from contracted tenant farmers, but in more recent years in Yaun and Ming, most kanden were controlled by local governments as well as private estates.

彼らはそのすべての民衆と共に、殺された者の中に床を置き、その墓はこれを囲む。これは皆、割礼を受けない者、つるぎに殺された者、生ける者の地に恐れを起した者で、穴に下る者と共に恥を負う。彼らは殺された者の中に置かれている。 (エゼキエル書 32:25)
They have set her a bed in the midst of the slain with all her multitude; her graves are around her; all of them uncircumcised, slain by the sword; for their terror was caused in the land of the living, and they have borne their shame with those who go down to the pit: he is put in the midst of those who are slain. (Ezekiel 32:25)

ところが、時代が下ると、名田を経営する百姓身分に属する一般の田堵負名の中からも、自らが経営請負をする名田の属する荘園公領を所領とする武士に、軍役を申し出て武士身分の一角に食い込み、名田の支配権を確固としたものにして所領としていこうとする動きが生じた。
However, in later periods, some ordinary farmers called tato and fumyo who managed myoden began to attempt to make inroads into the samurai class by offering military service for samurai who governed manors or Imperial demesnes containing the myoden managed by the tato or fumyo, so that they could consolidate their hold over their myoden to own it as their territories.

しかし釈尊滅後、やや時代が下ると、法華経などのような一部の経典において、たとえば如来寿量品第十六には、「我実に成仏してより已来、無量無辺百千万億那由陀劫なり」などと書かれ、釈尊は、生まれる前にすでに仏であり長い間、法を説いていたという思想が生まれた。
However, somewhat later during the period after Shakyamuni's death, there came to the world a thought that Shakyamuni had already been a Buddha preaching dharma for a long time before he was born into this mortal world, as written in some Buddhist sutra like Hokke-kyo Sutra (the Lotus Sutra), which mentions in its Chapter 16 (the Life Span of the Tathagata), for example, 'it has been immeasurable, boundless hundreds, thousands, ten thousands, millions of nayutas of kalpas since I in fact attained Buddhahood.'

泉の門はミヅパの区域の知事コロホゼの子シャルンがこれを修理し、これを建て直して、おおいを施し、そのとびらと横木と貫の木とを設けた。彼はまた王の園のほとりのシラの池に沿った石がきを修理して、ダビデの町から下る階段にまで及んだ。 (ネヘミヤ書 3:15)
Shallun the son of Colhozeh, the ruler of the district of Mizpah repaired the spring gate. He built it, and covered it, and set up its doors, its bolts, and its bars, and the wall of the pool of Shelah by the king's garden, even to the stairs that go down from the city of David. (Nehemiah 3:15)

これは水のほとりのすべての木が、その高さのために誇ることなく、その頂を雲の中におくことなく、水に潤う木が、みずから高ぶり立つことのないためである。これらは皆、死に渡され、下の国に入り、穴に下る者と共に他の人々のうちにいる。 (エゼキエル書 31:14)
to the end that none of all the trees by the waters exalt themselves in their stature, neither set their top among the thick boughs, nor that their mighty ones stand up on their height, [even] all who drink water: for they are all delivered to death, to the lower parts of the earth, in the midst of the children of men, with those who go down to the pit. (Ezekiel 31:14)

幕府に対する忠誠心は父譲りなのか、慶応4年（1868年）の鳥羽・伏見の戦い後、第15代将軍・徳川慶喜に対して朝廷から討伐令が下ると、上洛して慶喜の助命と徳川氏の存続を嘆願したが、明治新政府から拒絶されただけでなく、京都に軟禁状態とされてしまったのである。
He was loyal to the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) like his father and when an imperial decree to attack the fifteenth shogun, Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA, was promulgated after the Battle of Toba and Fushimi in 1868, he went to Kyoto to beg for Yoshinobu's life and the continuance of the Tokugawa clan, but not only was he refused by the new Meiji government but was captured and house arrested in Kyoto.

前条第一項の期間の満了後、なお相続人のあることが明らかでないときは、家庭裁判所は、相続財産の管理人又は検察官の請求によって、相続人があるならば一定の期間内にその権利を主張すべき旨を公告しなければならない。この場合において、その期間は、六箇月を下ることができない。
If, after the expiration of the period in paragraph (1) of the preceding Article, it is still not evident whether an heir exists, the family court shall, upon the application of an administrator of inherited property or a public prosecutor, give public notice to the effect that if there is an heir, he/she should assert his/her right within a fixed period. In this case, the period shall be not less than six months.

鉱区の面積は、石炭、石油、アスフアルト及び可燃性天然ガスについては十五ヘクタール、石灰石、ドロマイト、けい石、長石、ろう石、滑石及び耐火粘土については一ヘクタール、その他の鉱物については三ヘクタールを下ることができない。但し、砂鉱については、この限りでない。
An area of a mining area of coal, oil, asphalt and combustible natural gas shall not be less than 15 hectares, that of limestone, dolomite, silica, feldspar, agalmatolite, talc and fireclay shall not be less than one hectare, and that of other minerals shall not be less than three hectares. However, this shall not apply to placers.

また、仮に需要があったとしてもそもそも銅の生産量が絶対的に少なかった当時の日本では実物貨幣に代わるだけの銅銭の製造は始めから困難であった（銅鉱の発見を機に元号を「和銅」と改めてしまう程当時銅は貴重であり、また後述のように時代が下るにつれて急速に品質が悪化している）。
Also, even if there had been enough demand, the volume of copper production had been absolutely small, which made it impossible, from the beginning, to supply sufficient copper coins and substitute material money then-current in Japan (copper was so precious then in Japan that its era was renamed 'Wado (literally, Japanese copper),' upon discovery of copper ore mines, and, as described afterward, the quality of copper coins had rapidly deteriorated as time went on.)

時代をさらに下ると、不動明王像は天地眼による表現がほぼ完全に主流となっていったが、天地眼の刻み方が一般的になっても、運慶の静岡・願成就院の不動明王･二童子立像など、一部には両目を見開き、牙が両方とも下を向いて咬んでいる古来の相に倣って刻まれた平常眼像が見受けられる。
In more recent times the expression of Fudo Myoo statues with heaven-and-earth eyes had become almost completely mainstream, but even after that the statues with normal eyes in the old style, with eyes that were open and had both canine teeth biting the bottom lip, were seen somewhat, such as the standing statue of Fudo Myoo with two youths in Ganjoju-in Temple, Shizuoka, made by Unkei.

民はモーセが山を下ることのおそいのを見て、アロンのもとに集まって彼に言った、「さあ、わたしたちに先立って行く神を、わたしたちのために造ってください。わたしたちをエジプトの国から導きのぼった人、あのモーセはどうなったのかわからないからです」。 (出エジプト記 32:1)
When the people saw that Moses delayed to come down from the mountain, the people gathered themselves together to Aaron, and said to him, 'Come, make us gods, which shall go before us; for as for this Moses, the man who brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we don't know what has become of him.' (Exodus 32:1)

家庭裁判所が前項の請求によって財産分離を命じたときは、その請求をした者は、五日以内に、他の相続債権者及び受遺者に対し、財産分離の命令があったこと及び一定の期間内に配当加入の申出をすべき旨を公告しなければならない。この場合において、その期間は、二箇月を下ることができない。
If the family court has made a ruling for separation of property pursuant to the application of the preceding paragraph, the applicant shall give public notice within five days to the effect that an order for separation of property has been made and that applications for entry into distribution proceedings should be made within a specified period. In this case, that period shall be not less than two months.

また、時代はやや下るものの寛永19年（1642年）に編纂された『豊臣秀吉譜』（林羅山編）は「文禄のころに石川五右衛門という盗賊が強盗、追剥、悪逆非道を働いたので秀吉の命によって（京都所司代の）前田玄以に捕らえられ、母親と同類20人とともに釜煎りにされた」と記録している。
In addition, further down in history, in 'Toyotomi Hideyoshi Fu' (edited by Razan HAYASHI) edited in 1642, it is recorded that 'During the years of Bunroku a bandit named Goemon ISHIKAWA committed robbery, theft and unspeakable crimes, and after he was caught by Geni MAEDA (of Kyoto Shoshidai) under the order of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI he was roasted to death in a cauldron along with 20 associated people including his mother.'

限定承認者は、限定承認をした後五日以内に、すべての相続債権者（相続財産に属する債務の債権者をいう。以下同じ。）及び受遺者に対し、限定承認をしたこと及び一定の期間内にその請求の申出をすべき旨を公告しなければならない。この場合において、その期間は、二箇月を下ることができない。
A person who makes qualified acceptance shall, within five days of making that qualified acceptance, make public notification to all inheritance obligees (here and below, an obligee with a claim towards the inherited property) and donees to the effect that qualified acceptance has been made and that filing of any claim should be made within a specified period. In this case, that period shall be not less than two months.

裁判所は、前項の規定による申立てがあり、かつ、前条第一項又は第二項の規定による計算の報告書の提出があったときは、その提出があった旨及びその計算に異議があれば一定の期間内にこれを述べるべき旨を公告しなければならない。この場合においては、その期間は、一月を下ることができない。
The court, when a petition is filed under the provision of the preceding paragraph and a report of account is submitted under the provisions of paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) of the preceding Article, shall make a public notice to the effect that the report is submitted and that any objection to the account should be made within a specific period of time. In this case, this period shall not be shorter than one month.

これは、われわれがさきに王に告げて、「われわれの神の手は、神を求めるすべての者の上にやさしく下り、その威力と怒りとはすべて神を捨てる者の上に下る」と言ったので、わたしは道中の敵に対して、われわれを守るべき歩兵と騎兵とを、王に頼むことを恥じたからである。 (エズラ記 8:22)
For I was ashamed to ask of the king a band of soldiers and horsemen to help us against the enemy in the way, because we had spoken to the king, saying, 'The hand of our God is on all those who seek him, for good; but his power and his wrath is against all those who forsake him.' (Ezra 8:22)

刈田・刈畠行為をめぐる紛争は当初、所務沙汰（不動産に係る民事事件）として扱われていたが、時代が下るにつれ、刈田・刈畠行為が増加していくと、13世紀後期ごろには違法行為のニュアンスを含む「狼藉」、すなわち刈田狼藉と呼ばれるようになり、通常の所務沙汰とは別個の取扱いがなされ始めた。
Initially, karita or karihata related disputes were handled as shomu-sata (civil trials dealing with land-related issues), but the number of karita and karihata acts increased with the times, and around the late thirteenth century, such karita or karihata related disputes began to be called 'rozeki' with the implication of illegal acts, that is, karita-rozeki, and the handling of such disputes was separated from ordinary shomu-sata.

清算投資法人は、第百五十条の二各号に掲げる場合に該当することとなつた後、遅滞なく、当該清算投資法人の債権者に対し、一定の期間内にその債権を申し出るべき旨を官報に公告し、かつ、知れている債権者には、各別にこれを催告しなければならない。ただし、当該期間は、一月を下ることができない。
An Investment Corporation in Liquidation shall, without delay after it has come to fall under the cases listed in the items of Article 150-2, give public notice in an official gazette to the creditors of said Investment Corporation in Liquidation to the effect that the creditors should state their claims within a certain period of time, and shall give a separate notice to each of the known creditors; provided, however, that such period shall not be shorter than one month.

第九百五十二条第二項の公告があった後二箇月以内に相続人のあることが明らかにならなかったときは、相続財産の管理人は、遅滞なく、すべての相続債権者及び受遺者に対し、一定の期間内にその請求の申出をすべき旨を公告しなければならない。この場合において、その期間は、二箇月を下ることができない。
If the existence of an heir has not become evident within two months of the public notice of paragraph (2) of Article 952, an administrator of inherited property shall, without delay, give public notice to all inheritance obligees and donees to the effect that a claim for performance should be made within a specified period. In this case, the period shall be not less than two months.

吸収合併存続株式会社商品取引所は、次に掲げる事項を官報に公告し、かつ、知れている債権者（社債管理者（会社法第七百二条の社債管理者をいう。以下この条において同じ。）がある場合にあつては、当該社債管理者を含む。）には、各別にこれを催告しなければならない。ただし、第四号の期間は、一月を下ることができない。
A Incorporated Commodity Exchange Surviving an Absorption-Type Merger shall give the public notice of the following matters in an official gazette and notify such matters individually to known creditors (including the bondholder representative [which means the bondholder representative under Article 702 of the Companies Act] in the case the bondholder representative exists); provided, however, that the period set forth in item (iv) may not be less than one month:

厚生労働大臣は、年度の平均給与額が平成十三年四月一日から始まる年度（この項の規定により控除額が変更されたときは、直近の当該変更がされた年度の前年度）の平均給与額を超え、又は下るに至つた場合においては、その上昇し、又は低下した比率を基準として、その翌年度の八月一日以後の控除額を変更しなければならない。
In the case where the average earnings for the fiscal year have exceeded or fallen below the average earnings for the fiscal year starting April 1, 2001 (when the amount of deduction has been revised pursuant to the provisions of this paragraph, the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year when the said revision was implemented), the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare shall revise the amount of deduction applicable from August 1 of the following fiscal year in accordance with the rate of the increase or decrease.

第七項の規定による規約の定めに基づいて役員等の責任を免除する旨の役員会の決議を行つたときは、執行役員は、遅滞なく、第四項各号に掲げる事項及び責任を免除することに異議がある場合には一定の期間内に当該異議を述べるべき旨を公告し、又は投資主に通知しなければならない。ただし、当該期間は、一月を下ることができない。
When a resolution has been adopted at a board of officers meeting to the effect that an Officer, etc. shall be exempted from liability under the provisions of the certificate of incorporation pursuant to paragraph (7), a corporate officer shall give public notice or notify the Investors to the effect that any objection to the matters listed in the items of paragraph (4) or to the exemption from liability should be made within a certain period, without delay; provided, however, that such period may not be shorter than one month.

後醍醐天皇の建武の新政から離反した足利尊氏は、建武政権から尊氏追討を命じられた新田義貞を箱根・竹ノ下の戦いで破り、さらに新田軍を追撃して京都の確保を図るが、1336年、楠木正成や北畠顕家らと連絡した宮方勢に京都とその近辺で敗れ海路西走し、途中播磨国の赤松則村（円心）らに助けられ、再興を賭けて九州地方に下る。
At the battle of Hakone-Takenoshita, Takauji ASHIKAGA, who was defecting from the Kemmu Restoration by Emperor Godaigo, defeated Yoshisada NITTA who had been ordered to crush Takauji by the Kemmu government; then, Takauji chased Nitta's forces trying to capture Kyoto, but in 1336, he was defeated in and around Kyoto by the Imperial forces which had contact with Masashige KUSUNOKI and Akiie KITABATAKE; he escaped to the west, towards Kyushu, by ship to renew his forces, helped by Norimura AKAMATU (Enshin) of Harima Province on the way.

前項の規定により消滅株式会社等の債権者の全部又は一部が異議を述べることができる場合には、消滅株式会社等は、次に掲げる事項を官報に公告し、かつ、知れている債権者（同項の規定により異議を述べることができるものに限る。）には、各別にこれを催告しなければならない。ただし、第四号の期間は、一箇月を下ることができない。
In cases where all or part of the creditors of the Absorbed Stock Company, etc. are able to state their objection pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the Absorbed Stock Company, etc. shall give public notice of the matters listed below in the official gazette and shall give notices separately to each known creditor (limited to one who is able to state an objection pursuant to the provisions of such paragraph), if any; provided, however, that the period under item (iv) may not be less than one month:
In cases where all or part of the creditors of the Consolidated Stock Company, etc. are able to state their objection pursuant to the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the Consolidated Stock Company, etc. shall give public notice of the matters listed below in the official gazette and shall give notices separately to each known creditor (limited to one who is able to state an objection pursuant to the provisions of such paragraph), if any; provided, however, that the period under item (iv) may not be less than one month:

厚生労働大臣は、年度の平均給与額が平成十三年四月一日から始まる年度（この項の規定により支給限度額が変更されたときは、直近の当該変更がされた年度の前年度）の平均給与額を超え、又は下るに至つた場合においては、その上昇し、又は低下した比率を基準として、その翌年度の八月一日以後の支給限度額を変更しなければならない。
Where the average earnings for the fiscal year have either exceeded or fallen below the average earnings for the year beginning on April 1, 2001 (where the payment amount limit has been revised pursuant to the provisions of this paragraph, the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year of the most recent revision), the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare shall revise the payment amount limit applicable from August 1 of the following fiscal year, in accordance with the rate of increase or decrease.

吸収合併存続株式会社金融商品取引所は、次に掲げる事項を官報に公告し、かつ、知れている債権者（会社法第七百二条に規定する社債管理者（第八項において単に「社債管理者」という。）がある場合にあつては、当該社債管理者を含む。）には、各別にこれを催告しなければならない。ただし、第四号の期間は、一月を下ることができない。
A Stock Company-Type Financial Instruments Exchange Surviving an Absorption-Type Merger shall give the public notice of the following matters in the Official Gazette and notify such matters individually to each of the known creditors (including the bond manager under Article 702 of the Companies Act (simply referred to as the 'Bond Manager' in paragraph (8)), in the case that the Bond Manager exists); provided, however, that the period set forth in item (iv) may not be less than one month:

使用者は、労働者の貯蓄金をその委託を受けて管理する場合において、貯蓄金の管理が労働者の預金の受入であるときは、利子をつけなければならない。この場合において、その利子が、金融機関の受け入れる預金の利率を考慮して厚生労働省令で定める利率による利子を下るときは、その厚生労働省令で定める利率による利子をつけたものとみなす。
An employer, in taking charge of workers' savings entrusted to the employer by the workers, shall pay interest in the event that the savings kept in custody constitute a deposit accepted. If, in this case, the amount of interest paid is below the amount of interest based on the interest rate established by Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare with due consideration of the interest rate for deposits accepted by financial institution the employer shall be deemed to have paid interest equivalent to that based on the rate determined by Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.

外国会社の登記をした外国会社は、日本における代表者（日本に住所を有するものに限る。）の全員が退任しようとするときは、当該外国会社の債権者に対し異議があれば一定の期間内にこれを述べることができる旨を官報に公告し、かつ、知れている債権者には、各別にこれを催告しなければならない。ただし、当該期間は、一箇月を下ることができない。
A Foreign Company that has completed registration of a Foreign Company may, when all of its representatives in Japan (limited to those whose domiciles are in Japan) intend to resign, give public notice to creditors of the Foreign Company to the effect that they are able to state their objections, if any, during a certain period of time and shall give notice separately to each known creditor, if any; provided, however, that such period may not be less than one month.

右大臣九条兼実の諮問を受けた季弘は、治承元年（1177年）にも同じようなことがあり、亡くなった父安倍泰親が彗星といい、自分がであるとしたので、父が天に判断を仰ぎ誤った方に天罰が下ることを祈請したところ、自分が重病になったので彗星だと判明した。従って実際の星の動きは問題ではないと唱えたという（『玉葉』正暦二年1月12日 (旧暦)条）。
When inquired by the Udaijin (Minister of the Right) Kanezane KUJO, Suehiro stated that when the similar phenomenon was observed in 1177, his deceased father ABE no Yasuchika said that it was a comet, but he objected to that; then his father asked Heaven to give them judgment by punishing the wrong one, and consequently, Suehiro fell seriously ill, thereby they confirmed that it was a comet -- therefore, it could be concluded that actual movement of stars did not matter (the entry of 'Gyokuyo' [the diary of Kanezane KUJO] for February 4, 991).

港務局の設立を発起する関係地方公共団体は、その議会の議決を経た上、単独で又は共同して港務局を設立しようとする旨、予定港湾区域及び他の関係地方公共団体が意見を申し出るべき期間を公告し、且つ、他の関係地方公共団体より意見の申出があったときは、これと協議しなければならない。但し、関係地方公共団体が意見を申し出るべき期間は、一箇月を下ることができない。
The relevant local government which intends to establish a port authority shall, after the resolution of its assembly, make known to the public its intention to establish a port authority independently or jointly with other local governments, the scope of the proposed port area and the period in which other relevant local governments are to give their opinions concerning the matter, and shall consult with any relevant local government which has expressed its opinions. The period in which relevant local governments are to give their opinions shall not be less than one month.

労働大臣は、当分の間、平均定期給与額が平成六年九月の平均定期給与額の百分の八十三を下るに至ったことにより新雇用保険法第四十九条第一項の規定により日雇労働求職者給付金の日額等を変更する場合においては、同項の規定にかかわらず、日雇労働求職者給付金の日額である六千二百円については四千百円に、等級区分日額である一万千三百円については八千二百円に、それぞれ変更するものとする。
The Minister of Labour shall, for the time being, modify the daily amount of the benefit for daily work job applicant of six thousand two hundred yen to four thousand one hundred yen, and the classified daily amount of eleven thousand three hundred yen to eight thousand two hundred yen, respectively, if the daily amount of the benefit for daily work job applicant, etc. is to be modified pursuant to the provision of Article 49, paragraph (1) of the New Employment Insurance Act on the ground that the amount of average regular salary comes to fall short of eighty three one hundredth (83/100) of the amount of average regular salary of September 1994, notwithstanding the provision of the same paragraph.

厚生労働大臣は、平均定期給与額（第十八条第一項の平均定期給与額をいう。以下この項において同じ。）が、平成六年九月の平均定期給与額（この項の規定により日雇労働求職者給付金の日額等が変更されたときは直近の当該変更の基礎となつた平均定期給与額）の百分の百二十を超え、又は百分の八十三を下るに至つた場合において、その状態が継続すると認めるときは、その平均定期給与額の上昇し、又は低下した比率を基準として、日雇労働求職者給付金の日額等を変更しなければならない。
When the average regular earnings (meaning the average regular earnings referred to in paragraph (1) of Article 18, hereinafter the same shall apply in this paragraph) have either exceeded 120 percent or fallen below 83 percent of the average regular earnings for September 1994 (the average regular earnings which were the basis of the most recent revision where the daily amounts, etc. of the job applicant benefits for day workers have been revised, based on the provisions of this paragraph), and when the situation is found to be likely to persist, the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare shall revise the daily amounts, etc. of the job applicant benefits for day workers, in accordance with the rate of increase or decrease of said average regular earnings.

更に『兵範記』には久寿元年（1154年）の省試が、予め関白藤原忠通・左大臣藤原頼長・崇徳天皇、そして式部省・大学寮幹部の間で入分（合格）者の枠を配分した後に試験が実施された事実を記しているのである（大幅に時代が下るが、試験が全く形骸化した15世紀に書かれた『桂林遺芳抄』によれば、宣旨分（天皇）2・院御分（上皇・法皇）1・殿下分（摂政・関白）1・省官分（式部大輔・少輔）3・両博士分（文章博士2名）2・判儒分（試験官）3の入分枠が定められていたという）。
Furthermore, 'Heihanki' (diary of TAIRA no Nobunori) tells that in the shoshi exams in 1154, certain numbers of seats had been allotted to Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) FUJIWARA no Tadamichi, Sadaijin (minister of the left) FUJIWARA no Yorinaga, the Emperor Sutoku, shikibusho and leaders of the daigakuryo beforehand, and they held the exams (a few centuries later, according to 'Keirinihosho' from the 15th century, the seats were allotted as follows: two for Senji (emperor), one for 院御 (the retired Emperor and the Cloistered Emperor), one for Denka (sessho and kanpaku), three for Shokan (Shikibu no taifu and Shikibu shoyu), two for two hakese (monjo hakese) and three for 判儒 (examiners)).

厚生労働大臣は、年度（四月一日から翌年の三月三十一日までをいう。以下同じ。）の平均給与額（厚生労働省において作成する毎月勤労統計における労働者の平均定期給与額を基礎として厚生労働省令で定めるところにより算定した労働者一人当たりの給与の平均額をいう。以下同じ。）が平成十三年四月一日から始まる年度（この条の規定により自動変更対象額が変更されたときは、直近の当該変更がされた年度の前年度）の平均給与額を超え、又は下るに至つた場合においては、その上昇し、又は低下した比率に応じて、その翌年度の八月一日以後の自動変更対象額を変更しなければならない。
When the average earnings (meaning the average amount earned per worker calculated pursuant to the provisions of an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, based on the average regular earnings for workers indicated in the Monthly Labor Statistics compiled by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, the same shall apply hereinafter) of the fiscal year (meaning April 1 to March 31 of the following year, the same shall apply hereinafter) have either exceeded or fallen below the average earnings for the fiscal year starting April 1, 2001 (when the amount subject to automatic revision has been revised pursuant to the provisions of this Article, the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year when said revision was implemented), the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare shall revise the daily amount of wages subject to automatic revision applicable from August 1 of the following fiscal year in accordance with the rate of the increase or decrease.

高年齢再就職給付金は、受給資格者（その受給資格に係る離職の日における第二十二条第三項の規定による算定基礎期間が五年以上あり、かつ、当該受給資格に基づく基本手当の支給を受けたことがある者に限る。）が六十歳に達した日以後安定した職業に就くことにより被保険者となつた場合において、当該被保険者に対し再就職後の支給対象月に支払われた賃金の額が、当該基本手当の日額の算定の基礎となつた賃金日額に三十を乗じて得た額の百分の七十五に相当する額を下るに至つたときに、当該再就職後の支給対象月について支給する。ただし、次の各号のいずれかに該当するときは、この限りでない。
The re-employment benefits for the elderly shall be paid for the months subject to payment after re-employment, where a qualified recipient (limited to one whose basic period for calculation pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (3) of Article 22 as on the day of separation from employment pertaining to said recipient qualification is not less than five years and who has received payment of the basic allowance based on said recipient qualification) has become an insured person due to taking stable employment on or after the day on which he/she reached 60 years of age, and when the amount of wages paid to said insured person in the months subject to payment after re-employment has fallen below the amount equivalent to 75 percent of the amount obtained by multiplying by 30 the daily amount of wages, which was the basis of the calculation of the daily amount of said basic allowance. Provided, however, that this shall not apply when falling under any of the following items:

厚生労働大臣は、毎会計年度において、徴収保険料額並びに雇用保険法第六十六条第一項、第二項及び第五項並びに第六十七条の規定による国庫の負担額の合計額と同法の規定による失業等給付の額（以下この項において「失業等給付額」という。）との差額を当該会計年度末における労働保険特別会計の雇用勘定の積立金（第七項において「積立金」という。）に加減した額が、当該会計年度における失業等給付額の二倍に相当する額を超え、又は当該失業等給付額に相当する額を下るに至つた場合において、必要があると認めるときは、労働政策審議会の意見を聴いて、一年以内の期間を定め、雇用保険率を千分の十五・五から千分の二十三・五まで（前項ただし書に規定する事業（同項第三号に掲げる事業を除く。）については千分の十七・五から千分の二十五・五まで、同号に掲げる事業については千分の十八・五から千分の二十六・五まで）の範囲内において変更することができる。
The Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare may modify the employment insurance rate, after consulting the Labor Policy Council and by setting a definite term of one year or less, within the scope of fifteen point five one-thousandth (15.5/1000) to twenty-three point five one-thousandth (23.5/1000) inclusive (or seventeen point five one-thousandth (17.5/1000) to twenty-five point five one-thousandth (25.5/1000) inclusive in case of the businesses prescribed in the proviso to the preceding paragraph (excluding the businesses listed in item (iii) of the same paragraph), or eighteen point five one-thousandth (18.5/1000) to twenty-six point five one-thousandth (26.5/1000) inclusive in case of the businesses listed in the same item) if, in every fiscal year, the amount obtained by increasing or decreasing the reserve fund of the employment account under the labor insurance special account (in paragraph (7) referred to as the "reserve fund") at the end of such fiscal year, by the difference between the aggregate of the amount of the collected insurance premiums and the amount of the state contributions prescribed by Article 66, paragraphs (1), (2) and (5) and Article 67 of the Employment Insurance Act, and the amount of the benefits for unemployment, etc. paid pursuant to the provisions of the same Act (hereinafter referred to as the "amount of benefits for unemployment, etc." in this paragraph) comes to exceed the amount equal to twice of the amount of benefits for unemployment, etc. for such fiscal year, or fall below the amount equal to such amount of benefits for unemployment, etc., and the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare finds it necessary.

使用者は、前項の規定により休業補償を行つている労働者と同一の事業場における同種の労働者に対して所定労働時間労働した場合に支払われる通常の賃金の、一月から三月まで、四月から六月まで、七月から九月まで及び十月から十二月までの各区分による期間（以下四半期という。）ごとの一箇月一人当り平均額（常時百人未満の労働者を使用する事業場については、厚生労働省において作成する毎月勤労統計における当該事業場の属する産業に係る毎月きまつて支給する給与の四半期の労働者一人当りの一箇月平均額。以下平均給与額という。）が、当該労働者が業務上負傷し、又は疾病にかかつた日の属する四半期における平均給与額の百分の百二十をこえ、又は百分の八十を下るに至つた場合においては、使用者は、その上昇し又は低下した比率に応じて、その上昇し又は低下するに至つた四半期の次の次の四半期において、前項の規定により当該労働者に対して行つている休業補償の額を改訂し、その改訂をした四半期に属する最初の月から改訂された額により休業補償を行わなければならない。改訂後の休業補償の額の改訂についてもこれに準ずる。
In the event that the per capita average monthly amount of ordinary wages payable in the period of January through March, April through June, July through September, or October through December, respectively (any such period being referred to hereinafter as a "quarter"), for the number of the prescribed working hours for a worker at the same workplace and engaged in the same type of work as the worker receiving compensation for absence from work pursuant to the preceding paragraph (or, for a workplace where less than 100 workers are ordinarily employed, the average monthly amount during the quarter per worker of compensation paid every month in the industry to which that workplace belongs, as provided in the Monthly Labor Survey compiled by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare; hereinafter whichever amount applies shall be referred to as the "average compensation amount") exceeds 120 percent of the average compensation amount during the quarter in which the worker in question suffered the injury or illness in the engagement of the employment, or falls below 80 percent of that same amount, the employer shall adjust the amount of compensation for absence from work which is payable to the worker in question pursuant to the preceding paragraph in accordance with such rate of increase or decrease in the second quarter following the quarter in which the increase or decrease occurred; and the employer shall make compensation for absence from work of such adjusted amount from the first month of the quarter in which such adjustment takes effect. Thereafter, adjustment to the previously adjusted amount of compensation for absence from work shall be made in the same manner.

高年齢雇用継続基本給付金は、被保険者（短期雇用特例被保険者及び日雇労働被保険者を除く。以下この款において同じ。）に対して支給対象月（当該被保険者が第一号に該当しなくなつたときは、同号に該当しなくなつた日の属する支給対象月以後の支給対象月）に支払われた賃金の額（支給対象月において非行、疾病その他の厚生労働省令で定める理由により支払を受けることができなかつた賃金がある場合には、その支払を受けたものとみなして算定した賃金の額。以下この項、第四項及び第五項各号（次条第三項において準用する場合を含む。）並びに同条第一項において同じ。）が、当該被保険者を受給資格者と、当該被保険者が六十歳に達した日（当該被保険者が第一号に該当しなくなつたときは、同号に該当しなくなつた日）を受給資格に係る離職の日とみなして第十七条（第三項を除く。）の規定を適用した場合に算定されることとなる賃金日額に相当する額（以下この条において「みなし賃金日額」という。）に三十を乗じて得た額の百分の七十五に相当する額を下るに至つた場合に、当該支給対象月について支給する。ただし、次の各号のいずれかに該当するときは、この限りでない。
The basic continuous employment benefits for the elderly shall be paid for the months subject to payment where the amount of wages paid (where there are wages, payment of which could not be received in the months subject to payment due to misconduct, sickness or other reasons specified by an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, the amount calculated by deeming those wages to have been paid; hereinafter the same shall apply in this paragraph, the items of paragraphs (4) and (5) (including cases where they are applied mutatis mutandis pursuant to paragraph (3) of the following Article) and paragraph (1) of the same Article), to an insured person (excluding specially insured persons in short-term employment and insured day workers; hereinafter the same apply in this Subsection) in said month subject to payment (when said insured person has ceased to fall under item (i), the months subject to payment after the month subject to payment containing the day on which he/she ceased to fall under the same item), has fallen below an amount equivalent to 75 percent of the amount obtained by multiplying by 30 an amount equivalent to the daily amount of wages calculated where the provisions of Article 17 (excluding paragraph (3)) are applied, deeming said insured person to be a qualified recipient and the day on which said insured person reached 60 years of age (when said insured person has ceased to fall under item (i), the day on which he/she ceased to fall under the same item) as the day of separation from employment pertaining to the recipient qualification (hereinafter referred to as the "amount deemed to be the daily amount of wages" in this Article). Provided, however, that this shall not apply when falling under any of the following items:

一月から三月まで、四月から六月まで、七月から九月まで及び十月から十二月までの各区分による期間（以下この条において「四半期」という。）ごとの平均給与額（厚生労働省において作成する毎月勤労統計における毎月きまつて支給する給与の額を基礎として厚生労働省令で定めるところにより算定した労働者一人当たりの給与の一箇月平均額をいう。以下この号において同じ。）が、算定事由発生日の属する四半期（この号の規定により算定した額（以下この号において「改定日額」という。）を休業給付基礎日額とすることとされている場合にあつては、当該改定日額を休業補償給付等の額の算定の基礎として用いるべき最初の四半期の前々四半期）の平均給与額の百分の百十を超え、又は百分の九十を下るに至つた場合において、その上昇し、又は低下するに至つた四半期の翌々四半期に属する最初の日以後に支給すべき事由が生じた休業補償給付等については、その上昇し、又は低下した比率を基準として厚生労働大臣が定める率を前条の規定により給付基礎日額として算定した額（改定日額を休業給付基礎日額とすることとされている場合にあつては、当該改定日額）に乗じて得た額を休業給付基礎日額とする。
Where the average salary amount (meaning the average monthly amount of salary per worker calculated pursuant to the provisions of an Ordinance of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare based on the amount of salary paid regularly every month according to the Monthly Labor Survey prepared by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare; hereinafter the same shall apply in this item) per period categorized as January to March, April to June, July to September, and October to December (hereinafter referred to as a "quarter" in this Article) has exceeded 110 percent or fallen below 90 percent of the average salary for the quarter containing the day of the occurrence of the grounds for calculation (in cases where the amount calculated pursuant to the provision of this item (hereinafter referred to as the "revised daily amount" in this item) is regarded as the basic daily temporary absence from work benefit amount, the quarter two quarters before the first quarter for which said revised basic daily amount is to be used as the basis for calculating the amount of temporary absence from work compensation benefits, etc.), in relation to the temporary absence from work compensation benefits, etc. for which grounds for payment arise on or after the first day contained in the quarter two quarters after the quarter in which such increase or decrease has occurred, the basic daily temporary absence from work benefit amount shall be the amount obtained by multiplying the amount calculated as the basic daily benefit amount pursuant to the provision of the preceding Article (in cases where a revised daily amount is regarded as the basic daily temporary absence from work benefit amount, said revised daily amount) by a rate specified by the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare based on that rate of increase or decrease.