Honyaku Star - Search: 一つ

一つ: 1000 Terms and Phrases

名字の一つ。
a family name.

柿の品種の一つ
Gosho refers to a variety of persimmon.

五街道の一つ。
This highway was one of the Go-kaido (the collective name given to the five principal routes used during the Edo period).

あほうの一つ覚え
one who knows little often repeats it

武蔵七党の一つ。
It was one of the Musashi-shichito Parties (seven parties of samurai in Musashi Province).

藤原四家の一つ。
It was one of four Fujiwara families.
Kyoke is one of Fujiwara four families.

京都三松の一つ。
One of Kyoto's three greatest pine trees.

二十四史の一つ。
It is counted among the Twenty-Four Dynastic Histories.

七支刀もその一つ。
The seven-pronged sword was one of them.

古代の制度の一つ。
Nashiro is one of ancient systems.

公家の職制の一つ。
It is an official organization of kuge (court noble).

公家の格式の一つ。
Shinke is a type of status in the court nobility.

俳諧七部集の一つ。
It is one of the Haikai Shichibushu (seven haikai collections by the Basho School).

もう一つの白兎伝承
The other shiro usagi lore

明治時代の省庁の一つ
It was one of the government offices in the Meiji period.
Minbu-sho was also one of the ministries in the Meiji period.
Gyobu-sho was also one of the central ministries in the Meiji period.
It was also one of the government offices in the Meiji period.

将軍上洛御殿の一つ。
One of the palaces used by the shogun going to Kyoto.

細川氏の庶流の一つ。
It was a branch family of the Hosokawa clan.

戦前の祝祭日の一つ。
It was one of the public holidays in the prewar period.

「一つに曰く、真人。」
The First is Mahito.

律令制下の八省の一つ。
Minbu-sho was one of eight central ministries under the Ritsuryo system.
Gyobu-sho was one of the eight central ministries under the Ritsuryo system.
It was one of the Hassho (eight ministries and agencies) under the Ritsuryo System.

京都の観光ルートの一つ。
One of the tourist routes in Kyoto

摂家の一つ一条家の支流。
It was a branch of the Ichijo family which was a sekke (family eligible as Regent and the Chief Adviser to the Emperor).

大阪50山の一つである。
It is one of 50 mountains in Osaka.

律令における賤民の一つ。
It was a class that was included in himin (humble or lowly people) according to the Ritsuryo codes.

法華京都十六本山の一つ。
The temple is one of the sixteen Kyoto Head Temples of the Hokke Sect.

『源氏物語』の巻の一つ。
It is one of the chapters of 'The Tale of Genji.'

韻文における文体の一つ。
It is a style of verse.

律令制下の日本の官制の一つ
one of the government-regulated organizations or facilities under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).
It was one of the government-regulated organizations in Japan under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).

一つには文言の問題がある。
One concern is about the wording.

菊池氏は日本の氏族の一つ。
The Kikuchi clan is one of Japanese clans.

朝廷が出す文書の形態の一つ。
This also refers to one of the styles of documents issued by the imperial court.

一つ、深厚の宿縁、浅薄の事。
Hitotsu, shinko no shukuen, senpaku no koto.

治承・寿永の乱の戦いの一つ。
It's one of the battles in the Jisho Juei Rebellion.

そこで首を又一つ取りました。
We cut another person's head off there.

家系は冷泉家の一つ下冷泉家。
His family line was the Shimo Reizei family, one of the Reizei families.

東西二砦を合わせて一つと数える
These two forts of east and west were counted as one fort.

細川氏（京兆家）の分家の一つ。
It was a branch family of the Hosokawa clan (Keicho family).
It was a branch family of the Hosokawa clan (the Keicho family).

五摂家の一つである二条家の祖。
Yoshizane was the ancestor of the Nijo family which was one of the go-sekke (the five regent houses).

一つ又は複数の知覚系の重大疾患
serious affection of one or more sensory systems;

臣（しん）は、漢字の部首の一つ。
Shin (臣) refers to one of the radicals of Chinese character.

忍者七つ道具の一つに数えられる。
Kaginawa is counted as one of the seven tools for ninja.

明治時代に設置された省庁の一つ。
It was one of the government offices established in the Meiji period.

近世大名家を輩出した一族の一つ。
The Minzuno clan is one of the clans that produced kinsei (early modern) daimyo (Japanese feudal lord).

日本二百名山、近畿百名山の一つ。
It is one of 200 top mountains in Japan and 100 top mountains in Kinki region.

奈良と大阪を結ぶ鉄道路線の一つ。
The Yamatoji Line is one railway line that connects Nara and Osaka.

摂関家の一つである鷹司家の出身。
He was from the Takatsukasa family, one of the five Sekkan-ke families that provided regents and advisers to the Emperor.

妙法の送り火（五山送り火の一つ）
Send-off Bonfire of Myoho (on of the Five Mountains Send-off Bonfires)
Myoho bonfire (one of the Gozan no Okuribi)

五山送り火の一つ妙法の麓である。
The community is located at the foot of Myoho, one of the Five Mountains Send-off Bonfire.

旭川市の主要な東西の通りの一つ。
one of the major east-west streets in Asahikawa City.

京都市の主要な東西の通りの一つ。
one of the major east-west streets in Kyoto City.

月の不死信仰に関わる霊薬の一つ。
It is one of the mystical medicines related to moon worship for immortal life.

打製石斧の使用も特徴の一つである。
The use of chipped stone axes was one of the characteristics of the region.

かつての祝祭日の中の四大節の一つ。
It was formerly one of the four major festivals (shidaisetsu).

上善寺（京都六地蔵の一つ）鞍馬口通
Jozen-ji Temple (One of Kyoto Roku-jizo (Kyoto six Ksitigarbhas)), Kuramaguchi-dori Street

また武芸十八般の一つともされている。
Kusarigama is also considered one of Bugei Juhappan (18 skills of martial arts).

蒲生氏（がもうし）は日本の氏族の一つ
The Gamo clan is a Japanese clan.

江戸氏（えどし）は日本の氏族の一つ。
The Edo clan was a shizoku (family) in Japan.

新家（しんけ）とは公家の家格の一つ。
Shinke is a type of family status in the court nobility.

乳牛院は典薬寮に付属した機関の一つ。
The Nyugyuin (the Cowsmilk Office, in charge of raising milkcows and providing their milk to the Imperial Family) was one of the offices under the purview of the Tenyakuryo.

備が一つの時は大名自身その任に就く。
The daimyo himself assumed the position if there was only one sonae.

七道の一つで、五畿七道の中路である。
The Tokaido, one of the Shichido, is in the middle grade among the Goki-Shichido.

五畿七道の一つで、本州の瀬戸内海側。
A region of Honshu along the Seto Inland Sea that was one of the Goki-Shichido (literally, 'five provinces and seven circuits') administrative divisions.

- 『源氏物語』五十四帖の巻の一つ。
One of the 54 chapters in 'The Tale of Genji.'

木田氏（きだし）は、日本の氏族の一つ。
The Kida clan was one of the Japanese shizoku families (clan, samurai family).

小貫氏（おぬきし）は日本の氏族の一つ。
Onuki clan was one of the Japanese clans.

山を一つ隔てた場所に伊賀流が存在する。
Iga-ryu exists in the region separated by only a mountain from that of Koga-ryu.

松井氏（まついし）は日本の氏族の一つ。
The Matsui clan was a Japanese clan.

神道と武道（相撲を含む）は一つである。
Shinto and the Japanese martial arts, including sumo, cannot be separated.

永禄（えいろく）は、日本の元号の一つ。
Eiroku is one of the eras of Japan.

近年特に変化著しい温泉地の一つである。
It is one of the hot spring resorts that are dramatically changing in recent years.

朽木氏（くつきし）は日本の氏族の一つ。
Kutsuki clan was one of the clans of Japan.

足助氏（あすけし）は、日本の氏族の一つ。
The Asuke clan is one of the Japanese clans.

新宮氏（しんぐう）は、日本の氏族の一つ。
The Shingu clan is one of the clans in Japan.

手島氏（てしまし）は、日本の氏族の一つ。
The Teshima clan is one of the clans in Japan.

大内氏（おおうちし）は日本の氏族の一つ。
Ouchi clan is one of clans in Japan.

千種家（ちぐさけ）は、日本の氏族の一つ。
The Chigusa family is a Japanese clan.

なお一つの山が複数の名をもつことがある。
Note that one mountain can have several names.

国家は、一つの団体で法律上の人格を持つ。
A state is a group and it has legal character.

大和三山の一つで、もっとも北に位置する。
It is one of the three Mountains of Yamato, and is the northernmost mountain among them.

摂関家の一つ二条家家臣の本庄宗正の次男。
He was the second son of Munemasa HONJO, a vassal of the Nijo family which was one of the Sekkan-ke (line of regents and advisers).

もう一つの趣味は自然への親しみであった。
His other hobby was in expressing his affection towards nature.

また、御影堂門は三門三大門の一つである。
The Goei-do Gate is also one of the three famous gates of Kyoto.

室町幕府の管領の一つである細川氏の当主。
He was the head of the Hosokawa Clan, one of the Kanrei (shogunal deputies) families of the Muromachi shogunate.

府県会は自由民権運動の舞台の一つとなった。
Fuken-kai became a stage for Jiyu Minken Undo (Movement for Liberty and People's Right).

小国氏（おぐに-し）は、日本の氏族の一つ。
The Oguni clan is a Japanese clan.

これが後々日露戦争の導火線の一つとなった。
This later became the trigger for the Russo-Japanese War.

また珍獣の飼育も職掌の一つであったらしい。
To upkeep rare animals seems to have been one of its official duties.

- 愛知県名古屋市にある100m道路の一つ
One of the 100 m-wide roads in Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture.

教育学の一般的な教養の一つの部門でもある。
It is one department in the general discipline of pedagogy.

五畿七道の一つで、本州の瀬戸内海側を指す。
One of the Goki-Shichido, referring to a region of Honshu along the Seto Inland Sea

駅名は京の七口の一つ「丹波口」に由来する。
The name of the station comes from 'Tanbaguchi,' one of the seven entrances to Kyoto, or the so-called Kyo-no-Nanakuchi.

松浦の「四つ物（四大名曲）」の一つとされる。
This is considered as one of 'Yotsumono' (four famous pieces) of Matsuura.

大道寺氏（だいどうじし）は日本の氏族の一つ。
The Daidoji clan is one of the Japanese clans.

また子孫は羽林家の一つ四条家として繁栄した。
His descendant prospered as the Shijo family, one of the Urin family.

「台盤に乗って鞠を蹴ったが音一つしなかった」
He kicked the mari (ball) while standing on a table, but no sound was heard'

「これもまた天下の功有事の一つと成すべし」
This should be considered as one of his contributions.'

元伊勢の一つであり、元伊勢籠神社とも称する。
As one of the Moto Ise (shrines or places where the deities of Ise Jingu Shrine were once enshrined), it is also known as Moto Ise Kono-jinja.

鯰絵の前身と言える絵画の一つに大津絵がある。
Otsu-e could be considered a forerunner of namazu-e.

一代要記（いちだいようき）は、年代記の一つ。
Ichidai Yoki is one of the chronicles.

また最恵国待遇がないことも特徴の一つであろう。
Another characteristic of this treaty was that it did not include a description of most-favored nation status.

言い換えれば、史伝小説の源流の一つと言い得る。
In other words, the book can be said one of the origins of those novels that are based on historical materials.

その大学の一つが現在北京にある清華大学である。
One of these universities is the present Tsinghua University in Beijing.

大伴（おおとも）氏は、古代日本の有力氏の一つ。
The Otomo clan was one of the dominant clans in ancient Japan.

桃太郎のモデルの一つであったとも言われている。
It is also said to have been one of the models of Momotaro (literally, a peach boy), a hero of a fairy tale.

先手組（さきてぐみ）は、江戸幕府の軍制の一つ。
Sakite-gumi was one of military systems in the Edo bakufu.

治承・寿永の乱（源平合戦）における戦いの一つ。
It was one in a series of battles during the Jisho-Juei War (the Genpei War).

春華門（しゅんかもん）は、内裏の外郭門の一つ。
Shunka-mon gate is one of the outside gates in the Imperial Palace.

江戸時代、諸藩における藩士の家格・家柄の一つ。
It was one of the family statuses and the social standings of a family for feudal retainer of domains in the Edo period.

その一つが、別名（べちみょう）の公認化である。
As part of such policies, bechimyo was officially recognized.

雍州（ようしゅう）は、中国の歴史的な州の一つ。
Yong Zhou was one of the historical provinces in China.

愛宕山 (落語) - 落語の演目のうちの一つ。
Atagoyama (rakugo (Japanese traditional comic storytelling)) - A program of rakugo

また、大阪と山陰地方を結ぶルートの一つである。
It is also one of the lines connecting Osaka and the Sanin region.

屯倉（みやけ）とは、ヤマト政権の支配制度の一つ。
Miyake is one of Yamato regime's ruling systems.

このため一つの村落で名主職などが複数存在しえた。
Therefore, it was theoretically possible for one village to have more than one person with the same status such as nanushi.

小野宮家（おののみやけ）は藤原北家の支流の一つ。
The Ononomiya family was one of branches of the Northern House of Fujiwara clan.

室町時代には室町幕府の四職家の一つに数えられた。
It was one of the Shishiki families (four administrators' families: Yamana, Isshiki, Akamatsu, Kyogoku) of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in the Muromachi era.

平安時代末期の内乱、治承・寿永の乱の戦いの一つ。
It was the Jisho-Juei war, one of the domestic conflicts during the late Heian period.

二十二社の上七社の一つであり、旧社格は官幣大社。
This Shrine is in one of the Upper Seven Shrines of the Twenty-Two Shrines and in the old days was considered a Kanpei Taisha.

「目鼻口手足は人の並なれど、心一つで廃る身体ぞ」
Depending on the state of mind, a body can decline even though the eyes, nose, mouth, hands and feet are healthy.'

観音寺城に数多くの支城があるのが特徴の一つである。
The existence of many subsidiary castles is one of the characteristics of Kannonji-jo Castle.

丸子（まるこ、まりこ）氏は、古代日本の氏族の一つ。
Maruko (or Mariko) clan is one of the clans of the ancient Japan.

灯火目付（とうかめつけ）は忍者の肉体鍛錬法の一つ。
Tokametsuke was one of the physical trainings of Ninja (a secret agent in feudal Japan highly skilled in stealth and secrecy).

金鵄勲章（きんしくんしょう）は、日本の勲章の一つ。
Kinshi kunsho (the Order of the Golden Kite) is one of Japan's decorative orders.

これは幕府権力が全国的に展開する一つの契機となる。
This was to be an opportunity for the power of bakufu to expand nationwide.

大臣家の一つとして鎌倉時代初期にその家格を固めた。
The family made its kakaku as one of daijinke firmly established at the beginning of the Kamakura Period.

このゆえにわが一つの身をば入鹿に賜わん）と言った。
I'll give myself to Iruka.

大阪商人、伊勢商人と並ぶ日本三大商人の一つである。
They are considered as one of the three major merchants in Japan along with merchants from Osaka and Ise.

上古の中国の九州 (中国)の一つに数えられている。
It was among Jiuzhou (literally, The Nine Provinces) in China in ancient times.

深田久弥によって「日本百名山」の一つとされている。
It is designated as one of `one hundred top mountains of Japan' by Kyuya FUKADA.

その仕組みは、大学寮が中央（都）に一つ設けられた。
Its structure includes the establishment of Daigakuryo (Bureau of Education under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code)) in the center (capital).

神宮道（じんぐうみち）は京都市の南北の通りの一つ。
Jingumichi is a street running south-north through Kyoto City.

長辻通（ながつじどおり）は、京都市内の通りの一つ。
Nagatsuji-dori Street is a street in Kyoto City.

出水通（でみずどおり）は京都市の東西の通りの一つ。
Demizu-dori Street is a street running east-west through Kyoto City.

須磨（すま）は、『源氏物語』五十四帖の巻名の一つ。
Suma is one of the fifty-four chapters of 'The Tale of Genji.'

江上波夫の騎馬民族征服王朝説も海外説の一つである。
One example was advocated by Namio EGAMI, who wrote a theory of a dynasty conquered by equestrian people.

京都守護（きょうとしゅご）は、鎌倉幕府の職制の一つ。
Kyoto-shugo is one of the occupational categories of the Kamakura bakufu.

老舎「神拳」（戯曲）「神拳」とは義和拳の源流の一つ。
Divine Fist' (a play written by Lao She): 'Divine Fist' was one of the origins of the Boxers.

高槻藩（たかつきはん）は、摂津国に存在した藩の一つ。
Takatsuki Domain is one of the domains which existed in Settsu Province.

世尊寺家（せそんじけ）は、藤原氏から出た氏族の一つ。
The Sesonji family was a clan derived from the Fujiwara clan.

また一つの山名が場合により異なる山を指すこともある。
Also, in some cases, the same mountain name may refer to a different mountain.

後に鎌倉幕府が崩壊する一つの要因となったとも言える。
It is cited as one of the causes of the bakufu's later collapse.

五畿七道の一つで、本州太平洋側の中部を指す行政区分。
One of the Goki-Shichido, an ancient administrative area, on the Pacific Ocean side of central Honshu.

五辻通（いつつじどおり）は京都市の東西の通りの一つ。
Itsutsuji-dori Street is a street running east-west in Kyoto City.

花屋町通（はなやちょうどおり）は京都市の通りの一つ。
Hanayacho-dori Street is a street in Kyoto City.

西中筋通（にしなかすじどおり）は京都市の通りの一つ。
Nishinakasuji-dori Street is one of the streets in Kyoto.

松原通（まつばらどおり）は京都市の東西の通りの一つ。
Matsubara-dori Street is one of the major east-west streets in Kyoto City.

新町通（しんまちどおり）は京都市の南北の通りの一つ。
The Shinmachi-dori Street is one of the major north-south running streets of Kyoto City.

室町通（むろまちどおり）は京都市の南北の通りの一つ。
The Muromachi-dori Street is one of the major north-south streets which run through Kyoto City.

寺町通（てらまちどおり）は京都市の南北の通りの一つ。
Teramachi-dori Street is one of the major north-south streets in Kyoto City.

小川通（おがわどおり）は京都市内の南北の通りの一つ。
The Ogawa-dori Street is a street running north-south through Kyoto City.

高倉通（たかくらどおり）は京都市の南北の道路の一つ。
The Takakura-dori Street is a street running north-south in Kyoto City.

釜座通（かまんざどおり）は京都市の南北の通りの一つ。
The Kamanza-dori Street is a street running north-south street in Kyoto City.

因幡の白兎（いなばのしろうさぎ）は、出雲神話の一つ。
Inaba no Shiro Usagi is one of Izumo mythologies.

紅葉賀（もみじのが）は、源氏物語五十四帖の巻の一つ。
Momiji no Ga (The Autumn Excursion) is one of the fifty-four chapters of The Tale of Genji.

専門家の間でも最高傑作と評価される落書の一つである。
Experts in history consider it to be one of the best lampoons.

紀伝体（きでんたい）は、東アジアの歴史書の書式の一つ。
Kiden-tai is a type of format of history books in East Asia.

悪逆（あくぎゃく）とは、律令法に定められた八虐の一つ。
Akugyaku was one of hachi-gyaku (eight unpardonable crimes) defined by the ritsuryo (legal codes of the Nara and Heian periods).

大和国は日本における商品経済の最先進地域の一つである。
Yamato Province was an area with one of the most advanced commodity economies in Japan.

民部省（みんぶしょう）は、律令制下の日本の官制の一つ。
Minbu-sho (Ministry of Popular Affairs) was a government-regulated organization under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo codes).

刑部省（ぎょうぶしょう）は、律令制下の日本の官制の一つ
Gyobu-sho (Ministry of Justice) was a government-regulated organization in Japan under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo codes).

河内源氏の名族の一つとして戦国時代には戦国大名化する。
Being one of the distinguished families of Kawachi Genji, the Takeda clan became sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord during the Sengoku period) during the Sengoku period,

福知山市に所在する警察署は福知山警察署一つのみである。
Fukuchiyama Police Station is the only police station located in Fukuchiyama City.

山科区（やましなく）は、京都市を構成する11区の一つ。
Yamashina Ward is one of the eleven wards that constitute Kyoto City.

「記紀」以前に存在したとされている日本の歴史書の一つ。
It is one of Japanese history books which are said to have existed before 'A Record of Ancient Matters' and 'Chronicles of Japan.'

彼らによる私出挙は、私的租税の一つとして存続していた。
The Shi-Suiko managed by them had been maintained as private land tax.

一つは単純に年貢・諸役の負担義務者を記したものである。
One was that only the person responsible for nengu and shoyaku was entered.

しかし、ここにもう一つ無視できない政治勢力が存在した。
At this point in time there was, however, one more political colossus that could not be ignored.

三宅藤九郎（みやけとうくろう）は、狂言の名跡の一つ。
Tokuro MIYAKE is one family name given to Kyogen performers.

宗室はそのうちの一つである楢柴を持つほどの豪商だった。
Soshitsu was such a wealthy merchant that he owned one of the above tea bowls, 'Narashiba.'

土田友湖（つちだゆうこ）は、千家十職の一つ、袋師。
Yuko TSUCHIDA is a fukuroshi (a craftsman who makes pouches), one of the Jisshiki (the ten artisan families which contributed to the existence of the Omote Senke) in House of Sen.

これもまた制度研究を困難にさせている要因の一つである。
This is one reason to the difficulty in understanding the system.

正面通（しょうめんどおり）は京都市の東西の通りの一つ。
Shomen-dori Street is a street running east-west through Kyoto City.

六条通（ろくじょうどおり）は京都市の東西の通りの一つ。
Rokujo-dori Street is one of the major east-west streets in Kyoto City.

六角通（ろっかくどおり）は京都市内の東西の通りの一つ。
The Rokkaku-dori Street is a street running east-west through Kyoto City.

本町通（ほんまちどおり）は、京都市の南北の通りの一つ。
The Honmachi-dori Street is a street running north-south through Kyoto City.

帚木（ははきぎ）は、『源氏物語』五十四帖の巻名の一つ。
Hahakigi (The Broom Tree) is one of the fifty-four chapters of 'The Tale of Genji.'

社会詠（しゃかいえい）は和歌や俳句の種別の一つである。
Shakaiei is a type of tanka as well as a haiku.

日本では天皇および皇室、皇族に関する敬語の一つである。
In Japan, gyosei is an honorific expression used in reference to the emperor, Imperial Family and other royalties.

夕顔（ゆうがお）とは、『源氏物語』五十四帖の巻の一つ。
Yugao (Evening face) is one of the fifty-four chapters of 'The Tale of Genji.'

鎌倉幕府内部の政争で北条氏による有力御家人排斥の一つ。
It was one of the expulsions of senior vassals carried out by the HOJO clan in times of political strife in the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

但し、摂津渡辺党の一つである遠藤氏は式家の後裔を称した。
However, Endo family, one of the lines of Settsu Watanabe-to Party, represented themselves as descendant of Fujiwara Shikike.

屯田兵は、二百余戸の中隊を一つの単位として兵村を作った。
Tondenhei formed a heison (tondenhei village) as a unit of a troop of about two hundred families.

現在は時代劇の撮影に使われるなど名所の一つとなっている。
The place now has become a famous tourist attraction and is often used as a backdrop for historical films.

大和時代（やまとじだい）は、日本の歴史の時代区分の一つ。
The Yamato Period is a period in Japanese history.

なお張斯桂は『万国公法』の序文の一つを書いた人物である。
In addition, Sigui ZHANG wrote one of the forewords of 'Bankoku Koho.'

旗奉行（はたぶぎょう）とは、江戸幕府における組織の一つ。
Hata bugyo (flag magistrate) was one of organizations in Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

大番（おおばん、大御番）は、江戸幕府の組織の一つである。
Oban (the great guards) was one of the organizations of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

位階勲等といった栄典と並び天皇より与えられた栄誉の一つ。
This Order is one of the honors personally presented by the Emperor and as such is on the same level as those honors known as 'court rank and honors.'

同法は、当時数多く制定された特別都市建設法の一つである。
The law was one of the special city construction laws which were established during those days.

四辻宮（よつつじのみや）は鎌倉時代に存在した宮家の一つ。
The Yotsutsujinomiya family is one of the houses of Imperial princes that existed during the Kamakura Period.

元始祭（げんしさい）は、戦前の祝祭日の中の大祭日の一つ。
Genshi-sai Festival (the Shinto festival of origins) is one of taisaijitsu (the days when grand festivals are held) in the prewar public holiday system.

本家、洞院家、清水谷家とともに、西園寺四流の一つで名門。
A distinguished family, the Muromachi family was one of the four Saionji families, the others being the head family, the Toin family, and the Shimizudani family.

『太平御覧』は、北宋代の初期に成立した類書の一つである。
'Taihei Gyoran' is one of the reference books completed during the early Northern Sung Dynasty generation.

近江八景（おうみはっけい）とは、日本の八景の一つである。
Omihakkei is one of Hakkei (the most beautiful scenes of a certain area) in Japan.

三枡大五郎（みますだいごろう）は歌舞伎の名跡の一つ。
Daigoro MIMASU was one of the professional names of Kabuki actors.

中村東蔵（なかむらとうぞう）は、歌舞伎の名跡の一つ。
Tozo NAKAMURA is one of the professional names of Kabuki.

日本は鉄道の治安や清潔性が世界で最も高い国の一つである。
Japan is one of the countries where railways have the best-maintained public peace and highest standards of cleanliness in the world.

また、京都の妙法院と熊本の桜山神社に仮墓が一つずつある。
There are temporary graves at both Myoho-in Temple in Kyoto and Sakurayama-jinja Shrine in Kumamoto.

御池通（おいけどおり）は京都市の主要な東西の通りの一つ。
Oike-dori Street is one of the major east-west thoroughfares in Kyoto City.

近衛通（このえどおり）は京都市左京区の東西の通りの一つ。
Konoe-dori Steet is one of the streets that run from east to west in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City.

御幸町通（ごこまちどおり）は京都市内の南北の通りの一つ。
Gokomachi-dori Street is one of the streets in Kyoto City that run in the north-south direction.

木屋町通（きやまちどおり）は、京都市の南北の通りの一つ。
Kiyamachi-dori Street is one of the major streets running north-south in Kyoto City.

醒ヶ井通（さめがいどおり）は京都市内の南北の通りの一つ。
Samegai-dori Street is a street running north-south through Kyoto City.

師団街道（しだんかいどう）は、京都市の南北の通りの一つ。
The Shidan-kaido Road is a street running north-south in Kyoto City.

夷川通（えびすがわどおり）は京都市内の東西の通りの一つ。
The Ebisugawa-dori Street is a street running east-west running in Kyoto City.

堺町通（さかいまちどおり）は京都市内の南北の通りの一つ。
The Sakaimachi-dori Street is a street running north-south through Kyoto City.

また作者の意図した一つに歌枕の探訪をあげる事が出来よう。
It can be said that one of the author's intentions was to give a tour of utamakura (place names used in Japanese poetry) locations.

花宴（はなのえん）は、『源氏物語』五十四帖の巻名の一つ。
Hana no En (The Festival of the Cherry Blossoms) is one of the fifty-four chapters of 'The Tale of Genji.'

尺貫法（しゃっかんほう）は、長さ・面積などの単位系の一つ。
Shakkanho is one of unit systems for measuring length, area, and so on.

一つの村落に対し複数の領主が割り当てられている状態を指す。
It refers to a state where multiple feudal lords are assigned to one village.

日本社会党（にほんしゃかいとう）は、明治時代の政党の一つ。
The Nihon Shakaito is a political party in the Meiji Period.

銀行紙幣の発行が容易になり、インフレの原因の一つとなった。
It became easier for banks to issue notes, which resulted in one of the reasons to cause inflation.

さらに撰史事業も職掌の一つと『養老律令』にあげられている。
Furthermore, the work of compiling history books was also one of the official duties, as described in the 'Yoro ritsuryo code' (code promulgated in the Yoro period).

錦鶏間とは本来は京都御所内の部屋の一つ、御学問之間のこと。
Kinkei no ma was originally one of the rooms of Kyoto Imperial Palace, Gogakumon no ma (the study room).

高陽院（かやいん・賀陽院）は、平安京にあった里内裏の一つ。
Kayain was one of the Satodairi (temporary imperial residence) in Heian-kyo.

家系は清和源氏のひとつ河内源氏の名門　足利氏の支族の一つ。
The family was one of the branch families of the Ashikaga clan, a distinguished family among the Kawachi-Gen clan, which was one of the Seiwa-Genji (Seiwa Gen clan).

一つは、領主が荘園・国衙領内の百姓を夫役と称して徴発する。
The first type was that where a feudal lord requisitioned peasants in a manor or a Kokugaryo (territories governed by provincial government office) as a compulsory service.

本項目における用語の使用も凡例の一つと認識する必要がある。
Therefore, the use of terminology even in this section should be acknowledged as an explanatory note.

これは、一つの絵の中に以下の三つの場面を描いたものである。
The following three scenes are combined in one picture:

信貴山縁起絵巻とならび称される日本の絵巻物の最高峰の一つ。
This scroll is valued as one of the most outstanding Japanese picture scrolls along with Shigisan Engi Emaki.

尾上松助（おのえまつすけ）は、歌舞伎役者の名跡の一つ。
'Matsusuke ONOE' is a professional name used by Kabuki (a traditional form of drama and music performed by male actors) actors.

中村翫雀（なかむらかんじゃく）は、歌舞伎の名跡の一つ。
Kanjaku NAKAMURA is a professional name of Kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors).

中村橋之助（なかむらはしのすけ）は歌舞伎の名跡の一つ。
Hashinosuke NAKAMURA is one of the professional names of Kabuki (traditional performing art) actors.

走行路線の一つである嵯峨野線のラインカラーにちなんでいる。
This color is based on the color of the Sagano Line, one of the operation lines.

烏丸通（からすまどおり）は京都市の主要な南北の通りの一つ。
Karasuma-dori Street is one of the major north-south streets in Kyoto City.

中村獅童（なかむらしどう）は、歌舞伎役者の名跡の一つ。
Shido NAKAMURA is a Kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors) actor's professional name.

四条通（しじょうどおり）は京都市の主要な東西の通りの一つ。
Shijo-dori Street is one of the major east-west streets in Kyoto City.

浄福寺通（じょうふくじどおり）は京都市の南北の通りの一つ。
Jofukuji-dori Street is a street running south-north through Kyoto City.

七本松通（しちほんまつどおり）は京都市の南北の通りの一つ。
Shichihonmatsu-dori Street is a street running south-north through Kyoto City.

切り通し（きりとおし）は京都市東山区内の南北の通りの一つ。
Kiritoshi Street is a narrow street running north to south in Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City.

裏寺町通（うらでらまちどおり）は京都市の南北の通りの一つ。
Uraderamachi-dori Street is a street running north-south in Kyoto City.

中立売通（なかだちうりどおり）は京都市の東西の通りの一つ。
Nakadachiuri-dori Street is a street running east-west through Kyoto City.

塔ノ段通（とうのだんどおり）は京都市内の南北の通りの一つ。
Tonodan-dori Street is a street running north-south through Kyoto City.

西小路通（にしこうじどおり）は、京都市の南北の通りの一つ。
Nishikoji-dori Street is one of the streets in Kyoto running in the north-south direction.

五条通（ごじょうどおり）は京都市の主要な東西の通りの一つ。
Gojo-dori Street is one of the major east-west streets in Kyoto City.

堀川通（ほりかわどおり）は京都市の主要な南北の通りの一つ。
Horikawa-dori Street is one of the major north-south streets in Kyoto City.

千本通（せんぼんどおり）は京都市の主要な南北の通りの一つ。
Senbon-dori Street is one of the major north-south streets in Kyoto City.

九条通（くじょうどおり）は京都市の主要な東西の通りの一つ。
Kujo-dori Street is one of the major east-west streets in Kyoto City.

錦小路通（にしきこうじどおり）は京都市の東西の通りの一つ。
Nishikikoji-dori Street is one of the major east-west streets in Kyoto City.

二条通（にじょうどおり）は京都市の主要な東西の通りの一つ。
Nijo-dori Street is one of the major east-west streets in Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

押小路通（おしこうじどおり）は京都市内の東西の通りの一つ。
The Oshikoji-dori Street is a street running east-west through Kyoto City.

鞍馬口通（くらまぐちどおり）は京都市内の東西の通りの一つ。
The Kuramaguchi-dori Street is a street running east-west through Kyoto City.

竹屋町通（たけやまちどおり）は京都市内の東西の通りの一つ。
The Takeyamachi-dori Street is a street running east-west through Kyoto City.

衣棚通（ころものたなどおり）は京都市内の南北の通りの一つ。
The Koromonotana-dori Street is a street running north-south through Kyoto City.

蛸薬師通（たこやくしどおり）は京都市内の東西の通りの一つ。
The Takoyakushi-dori Street is a street running east-west through Kyoto City.

万寿寺通（まんじゅじどおり）は京都市内の東西の通りの一つ。
Manjuji-dori Street is a street running east-west through Kyoto City.

間之町通（あいのまちどおり）は京都市内の南北の通りの一つ。
The Aimanomachi-dori Street is a street runningnorth-south through Kyoto City.

柳営秘鑑にある徳川最古参の安祥譜代七家の一つであったという。
It is said to have been one of the seven Anjo fudai families (a fudai daimyo who had been serving Ieyasu since he was in Anjo), which were the oldest among Tokugawa families, and appeared in Ryueihikan (a book describing events, regulations or standards, etc. of the Edo bakufu).

馬寮（めりょう/うまのつかさ）は、律令制における官司の一つ。
Meryo (or Uma no tsukasa) refers to one of the government officials in the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).

尚、全ての天皇は皇居の宮中三殿の一つの皇霊殿に祀られている。
All the emperors are enshrined at Koreiden (Ancestral Spiritual Sanctuary), one of the Three Shrines in the Imperial Palace.

皇室の行事の一つで新年を賀するために宮中で行われる和歌の会。
A New Year poetry reading is a poetry gathering to celebrate the New Year, held by the Palace as part of the imperial public activities.

万世一系（ばんせいいっけい）は、永久に一つの系統が続くこと。
'Bansei-Ikkei' literally means one family line through all ages.

日本においては皇族が臣籍降下する際に名乗る氏の一つであった。
In Japan, Minamoto was one of the surnames that an imperial family took when it was demoted to an ministry.

柏は白木を一つの漢字に直したもので植物のカシワとは関係ない。
'Kashiwa' of the term 'kashiwabawami,' written as 柏 in Japanese, represents plain wood (written as 白木 in Japanese) with one Chinese character (because the character 柏 can be divided into two parts: 木 and 白), and this has nothing to do with kashiwa (oak), a type of trees.

岩倉宮（いわくらのみや）は鎌倉時代初期に存在した宮家の一つ。
Iwakuranomiya was Miyake (house of an Imperial prince) in the early Kamakura period.

しかし、宮内庁には宮家の一つとして公式には認められていない。
However, the Imperial Household Agency does not recognize it as an official Miyake.

一つは、東海・東山両道の荘園・公領の領有権を回復させること。
One was to restore the territorial rights for the shoen and the koryo in both the Tokaido and Tosando areas.

県天然記念物であり、金剛生駒紀泉国定公園の見所の一つである。
It is a natural monument designated by Nara prefecture, and is one of sightseeing spots of Kongo Ikoma Kisen Quasi-National Park.

国風文化（こくふうぶんか）とは日本の歴史的文化の一つである。
Kokufu-bunka is one of the Japanese historical cultures.

坂東蓑助（ばんどうみのすけ）は、歌舞伎役者の名跡の一つ。
'Minosuke BANDO' is a professional name used by Kabuki (a traditional form of drama and music performed by male actors) actors.

源三郎、源二郎の順序入れ替わりの謎もその傍証の一つとされる。
It is said that the mystery of the switched order of Genzaburo and Genjiro is an item of collateral evidence.

尾上松緑（おのえしょうろく）は、歌舞伎役者の名跡の一つ。
Shoroku ONOE is one of professional names for kabuki actor.

走行路線の一つであるJR宝塚線のラインカラーにちなんでいる。
It originates from the color of the JR Takarazuka Line, which is one of the lines on which the Kitakinki runs.

そんな宗輔が権中納言であった56歳の時に一つの出会いをする。
At the age of fifty-six, when Munesuke had reached the position of Gon Chunagon (provisional vice-councilor of state), he encountered a special person.

御蔭通（みかげどおり）は、京都市左京区内の東西の通りの一つ。
Mikage-dori Street is a street running east-west through Sakyo-Ward, Kyoto City.

上立売通（かみだちうりどおり）は京都市内の東西の通りの一つ。
Kamidachiuri-dori Street is a street running east-west in Kyoto City.

新烏丸通（しんからすまどおり）は京都市内の南北の通りの一つ。
Shin Karasuma-dori Street is a street running north-south through Kyoto City.

大宮通（おおみやどおり）は、京都市の主要な南北の通りの一つ。
The Omiya-dori Street is one of the major streets running north-south in Kyoto City.

白川通（しらかわどおり）は、京都市の主要な南北の通りの一つ。
The Shirakawa-dori Street is a street running north-south through Kyoto city.

新京極通（しんきょうごくどおり）は京都市の南北の通りの一つ。
The Shinkyogoku-dori Street is a street running north-south in Kyoto City.

西洞院通（にしのとういんどおり）は京都市の南北の道路の一つ。
The Nishinotoin-dori Street is a street running north-south through Kyoto City.

八条通（はちじょうどおり）は京都市の主要な東西の通りの一つ。
Hachijo-dori Street is one of the major east-west streets in Kyoto City.

七条通（しちじょうどおり）は京都市の主要な東西の通りの一つ。
Shichijo-dori Street is one of the major east-west streets in Kyoto City.

一条通（いちじょうどおり）は京都市の主要な東西の通りの一つ。
Ichijo-dori Street is one of the major east-west streets in Kyoto City.

姉小路通（あねやこうじどおり）は京都市内の東西の通りの一つ。
The Aneyakoji-dori Street is a street running east-west through Kyoto City.

綾小路通（あやのこうじどおり）は京都市内の東西の通りの一つ。
Ayanokoji-dori Street is a street running east-west through Kyoto City.

高辻通（たかつじどおり）は、京都府京都市の東西の通りの一つ。
The Takatsuji-dori Street is a street running east-west running in Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

富小路通（とみのこうじどおり）は京都市内の南北の通りの一つ。
The Tominokoji-dori Street is a street running north-south in Kyoto City.

雲隠六帖（くもがくれろくじょう）とは、源氏物語の補作の一つ。
Kumogakure Rokujo (Genji's demise: six chapters) is a supplementary work to the Tale of Genji.

浦島太郎（うらしまたろう）は、日本各地にある龍宮伝説の一つ。
Urashima Taro is one of the Ryugu (Dragon Palace) legends which appear all over Japan.

川柳（せんりゅう）は、五・七・五の音を持つ日本語の詩の一つ。
Senryu (satirical haiku) is one kind of Japanese poem in lines of five, seven, and five syllables.

六角氏式目（ろっかくししきもく）は、戦国時代の分国法の一つ。
Rokkakushi Shikimoku was one of the bunkokuho (the law individual sengoku-daimyo enforced in their own domain) in the Sengoku period.

臣（おみ）は、ヤマト王権で使われていたカバネ（かばね）の一つ。
Omi (臣) indicates one of kabane (hereditary title to denote rank and political standing) used in the Yamato sovereignty (the ancient Japan sovereignty).

外地整理事務...外務省の所管事務の一つ（外務省設置法第4条）
Gaichi organization affairs ⋯ One of affairs under the control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Article 4 of Ministry of Foreign Affairs Establishment Act).

真人（まひと）は、八色の姓で制定されたカバネ（かばね）の一つ。
Mahito (真人) is one of the kabane (hereditary titles) enacted by Yakusa no Kabane (the eight honorary titles).

派兵を免れたことが徳川家康が後に天下を取る要因の一つとなった。
The fact that Ieyasu TOKUGAWA was exempted from sending troops to Korea was one of factors allowing Ieyasu to conquer the whole country.

一つ目は俗に「三法令」と呼ばれているもので、以下の3つである。
The first law was vulgarly called 'Sanhourei' (Three Laws) which are:

小早川氏（こばやかわうじ／こばやかわし）は、日本の氏族の一つ。
The Kobayakawa clan is a shizoku (clan) in Japan.

尾張徳川家は、徳川氏の支系徳川御三家の一つで、尾張藩主の家系。
The Owari Tokugawa family was a subsidiary line of the Tokugawa family and one of Tokugawa Gosanke (three privileged branches of the Tokugawa family); and its successive family heads assumed the lord of Owari Domain.

宮津藩（みやづはん）は江戸時代、丹後国与謝郡にあった藩の一つ。
Miyazu han was one of the han (feudal lord's domain) located in Yosa County, Tango Province, during the Edo period.

宝永7年（1710年）に世襲親王家の一つ、閑院宮家を創設する。
He founded the Kaninnomiya family, one of the hereditary houses of prince, in 1710.

まず毛利側は「尼子十旗」と呼ばれる支城の一つ、白鹿城を攻めた。
First, the Mori forces attacked Shiraga-jo Castle, one of the 'Amago Jikki' (ten subsidiary castles to protect the main Amago castle, Gassan Toda-jo Castle).

学館院（がっかんいん）は大学寮に付属する大学別曹の一つである。
Gakkanin is a type of Daigaku-besso (academic facility for nobles) that belongs to Daigaku-ryo (Bureau of Education under the ritsuryo system).

王朝時代（おうちょうじだい）は日本史上における時代区分の一つ。
The Ocho period (Dynastic period) is a Japanese historical period.

近世期の合理的・実証的歴史認識の一つの到達点が富永仲基である。
The peak of the rational and fact-based recognition of history in the early-modern times was reached by Nakamoto TOMINAGA..

中村芝雀（なかむらしばじゃく）は、歌舞伎役者の名跡の一つ。
Shibajaku NAKAMURA is a professional name used by several Kabuki actors.

梶が家康に寵愛された理由の一つに、その倹約家ぶりがあげられる。
One of the reasons why Okaru received Ieyasu's affection was her economical lifestyle.

以後その子孫は清華家の一つとして繁栄し、公卿や女院を輩出した。
After that, his descendants flourished as one of Seiga families (one of the highest ranks for noble families) and produced many Kugyo and Nyoin (female relatives of the Emperor or women of comparable standing).

三条家は清華家の一つで、摂関家に次ぐ家柄であり極官は太政大臣。
The Sanjo family belonged to the Seiga family, which was second in terms of social standing only to the Sekkan families (the five families of the Fujiwara clan who were entitled to hold the position of Sekkan [regent]), and the highest position a member of this family could attain was Daijo-daijin (Grand minister of state).

孫橋通（まごはしどおり）は京都市左京区南部の東西の通りの一つ。
Magohashi-dori Street is a street running east-west through the western part of Sakyo-Ward, Kyoto City.

木津屋橋通（きづやばしどおり）は、京都市内の東西の通りの一つ。
Kizuyabashi-dori Street is a street running east-west through Kyoto City.

智恵光院通（ちえこういんどおり）は京都市内の南北の通りの一つ。
Chiekoin-dori Street is a street running north-south through Kyoto City.

仁王門通（におうもんどおり）は京都市左京区の東西の通りの一つ。
Niomon-dori Street is a street running east-west through Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City.

大仏様（だいぶつよう）は、日本の伝統的な寺院建築の様式の一つ。
Daubutsu-yo is one of the traditional temple architectural styles in Japan.

北大路通（きたおおじどおり）は京都市の主要な東西の通りの一つ。
The Kitaoji-dori Street is a street running east-west in Kyoto City.

十条通（じゅうじょうどおり）は京都市の主要な東西の通りの一つ。
Jujo-dori Street is one of the major east-west streets in Kyoto City.

丸太町通（まるたまちどおり）は京都市の主要な東西の通りの一つ。
Marutamachi-dori Street is one of the major east-west streets in Kyoto City.

車屋町通（くるまやちょうどおり）は京都市内の南北の通りの一つ。
The Kurumayacho-dori Street is a street running north-south through Kyoto City.

両替町通（りょうがえまちどおり）は京都市内の南北の通りの一つ。
The Ryogaemachi-dori Street is a street running north-south through Kyoto city.

花見小路通（はなみこうじどおり）は、京都市の南北の通りの一つ。
Hanamikoji-dori Street is a street running east-west through Kyoto City.

東洞院通（ひがしのとういんどおり）は京都市の南北の通りの一つ。
The Higashinotoin-dori Street is a street which runs north-south in Kyoto City.

柳馬場通（やなぎのばんばどおり）は京都市内の南北の通りの一つ。
The Yanaginobanba-dori Street is a street running north-south through Kyoto City.

大和大路通（やまとおおじどおり）は、京都市の南北の通りの一つ。
The Yamato-oji-dori Street is a street running north-south in Kyoto City.

その後、盛親は京都へ送られ、身一つの謹慎生活を送る事になった。
Then, Morichika was sent to Kyoto and forced to behave himself with just the clothes he wore.

新羅建国時の新羅六部の一つ韓岐部の村長だった祇沱を始祖と称する。
They claim Ta GI who was the village mayor of 韓岐部, one of the Silla-Yukbu at the time of establishment of Silla, as their originator.

沙沙貴山君(ささきやまぎみ,ささきやまのきみ)は古代豪族の一つ。
Sasakiyama gimi, or Sasakiyama no kimi (沙沙貴山君), was one of the powerful families in ancient times.

相馬事件（そうまじけん）とは、明治年間に起こった御家騒動の一つ。
Some Jiken is one of the family troubles occurred in the Meiji period in Japan.

元禄赤穂事件と鍵屋の辻の決闘に並ぶ、日本三大仇討ちの一つである。
This was one of three major incidents of revenge in Japan along with the Genroku Ako Incident and duel at Kagiya no Tsuji (the Key-Maker's Corner).

そのうち一つの古墳群は、その地名に「額塚（すくもづか）」を残す。
One group of ancient tombs remains known as 'Sukumo-zuka.'

王（おう、みこ、古くはおおきみ）は、皇族の身位または称号の一つ。
King (O, miko, or okimi in ancient time) is one of the positions or titles of the Imperial family.

以後、薩摩藩・長州藩などと共に倒幕の中枢藩の一つとして活躍した。
Thereafter, together with domains of Satsuma and Choshu, the domain played a central role in the overthrow of the bakufu.

亀山藩（かめやまはん）は江戸時代に丹波国にあった藩のうちの一つ。
The Kameyama Domain was a feudal domain in Tanba Province during the Edo period.

これら扇は、日宋貿易における日本の重要な輸出品の一つでもあった。
Such fans were important exports from Japan in the trade between Japan and the Sung Dynasty in China.

また「堅田の落雁（舞い降りる雁）」は近江八景の一つとして名高い。
Katata no Rakugan (Sweeping-down Geese in Katata)' is also famous as one of the 'Omi Hakkei' (Eight Views of Omi).

中村源左衞門（なかむらげんざえもん）は、歌舞伎の名跡の一つ。
Genzaemon NAKAMURA is the stage name of kabuki actors.

東大路通（ひがしおおじどおり）は京都市の主要な南北の通りの一つ。
Higashioji-dori Street is one of the major north-south streets in Kyoto City.

神崎煉瓦ホフマン式輪窯 - 全国に4基現存するホフマン窯の一つ。
The Hoffmann-style ring kiln of the old Kanzaki Brickyard is one of the four Hoffmann-style kilns remaining in Japan.

また、当時の大臣要件の一つとされていた蔵人頭に就任できなかった。
In addition, he was unable to gain the post of Kurodo no to (Head Chamberlain), a position necessary to have held in order to become a minister.

子孫は羽林家の一つ四条家として繁栄し、現代に至るまで続いている。
His offspring prospered as one of the Urin families, the Shijo family, which exists even now.

楽焼の創始者であり、千家十職の一つ・樂吉左衛門家の初代とされる。
He was the founder of Raku ware, and the first Raku Kichizaemon family which is one of the Senke jissoku (the Ten Artisans of the Sen Family).

上七軒通（かみしちけんどおり）は京都市上京区の東西の通りの一つ。
Kamishichiken-dori Street is a street running east-west through Kamigyo Ward in Kyoto City.

下鴨西通（しもがもにしどおり）は京都市左京区の南北の通りの一つ。
Shimogamo Nishi-dori Street is a street running north-south in Sakyo Ward in Kyoto City.

下鴨中通（しもがもなかどおり）は京都市左京区の南北の通りの一つ。
Shimogamo Naka-dori Street is a street running north - south in Sakyo Ward in Kyoto City.

広小路通（ひろこうじどおり）は、京都府京都市の東西の通りの一つ。
Hirokoji-dori Street is a street running east-west in Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

禅宗様（ぜんしゅうよう）は、日本の伝統的な寺院建築の様式の一つ。
Zenshu-yo is one of the traditional temple architectural styles in Japan.

境内の井戸の水は「染井の水」と呼ばれ、京都三名水の一つとされる。
The water from the well within the shrine precinct is known as 'Somei-no-Mizu' and it is one of the three great wells of Kyoto.

新間之町通（しんあいのまちどおり）は京都市内の南北の通りの一つ。
Shin Ainomachi-dori Street is a street running from north - south through Kyoto City.

塩小路通（しおこうじどおり）は、京都市の主要な東西の通りの一つ。
Shiokoji-dori Street is one of the major east-west streets in Kyoto City.

下鴨本通（しもがもほんどおり）は京都市の南北の主要な通りの一つ。
Shimogamohon-dori Street is a main street running north-sout though Kyoto City.

猪熊通（いのくまどおり）は、京都府京都市内の南北の通りの一つ。
Inokuma-dori Street is a street running south-north in Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

仏光寺通（ぶっこうじどおり）は、京都府京都市の東西の通りの一つ。
The Bukkoji-dori Street is a street running east-west in Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

軽み（かるみ）は、松尾芭蕉の創始した蕉風俳諧の理念の一つである。
Karumi is an ideal for the style of haikai poetry founded by Basho MATSUO.

もう一つの開港地として日本側が求めたのは仁川広域市府済物浦である。
Another city that Japan requested to open a port was Jemulpo, presently Incheon Metropolitan City.

新羅建国時の新羅六部の一つ漸梁部の村長だった仇礼馬を始祖と称する。
They claim Ryema GU who was the village mayor of 漸梁部, one of the Silla-Yukbu at the time of establishment of Silla, as their originator.

新羅建国時の新羅六部の一つ本彼部の村長だった智伯虎を始祖と称する。
They claim Pae ho JI, the village mayor of 本彼部, one of the Silla Yukbu at the time of establishment of Silla, as their originator.

第16師団（だいじゅうろくしだん）は、大日本帝国陸軍の師団の一つ。
The Sixteenth Division was one of the divisions of the Imperial Japanese Army.

その内、国宝に指定された現存天守のある国宝四城の一つに数えられる。
It is also one of the four castles designated as National Treasure that have existing tenshu.

園池司（えんちし）は律令制において宮内省に属する機関の一つである。
Enchishi (Gardens and Ponds Office) was one of the institutions belonging to Kunaisho (Ministry of the Sovereign's Household) in the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).

土工司（どこうし）は律令制において宮内省に属する機関の一つである。
Dokoshi (Public Works Office) was one of the institutions belonging to Kunaisho (Ministry of the Sovereign's Household) in the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).

甲斐庄（荘）氏（かいのしょうし／かいしょうし）は日本の氏族の一つ。
The Kainosho clan was one of Japan's clans.

江戸時代の公家の中でも最も困窮していた家の一つとして知られている。
The family is known as one of the poorest families among the kuge families during the Edo period.

難波家（なんばけ）は、羽林家の家格を有する堂上家の一つをなす公家。
The Nanba family was a court noble family of Toshoke and their family rank was Urinke.

8世紀末に桓武天皇が皇女の朝原内親王に授与した「親王賜田」の一つ。
One of the estates ('shinno shiden') granted to Imperial Princess Asahara by Emperor Kanmu in the late eighth century.

養老の名例律が、不孝を、不義などの罪とならべて、八虐の一つとした。
Meirei-ritsu in Yoro included undutifulness in its hachigyaku along with crimes such as perfidiousness.

これを一つのきっかけとして『国旗及び国歌に関する法律』が成立した。
With this as momentum, 'The Law Regarding the National Flag and Anthem' was established.

三条通（さんじょうどおり）は京都府京都市の主要な東西の通りの一つ。
Sanjo-dori Street is one of the major east-west streets in Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

中村雀右衛門（なかむらじゃくえもん）は、歌舞伎役者の名跡の一つ。
Jakuemon NAKAMURA is a Kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors) actor's professional name.

片岡仁左衛門（かたおかにざえもん）は、歌舞伎役者の名跡の一つ。
Nizaemon KATAOKA is a Kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors) actor's professional name.

下鴨東通（しもがもひがしどおり）は京都市左京区の南北の通りの一つ。
Shimogamohigashi-dori Street is a street running south-north through Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City.

新門前通（しんもんぜんどおり）は京都市東山区内の東西の通りの一つ。
Shinmonzen-dori Street is a street running east - west through Higashiyama Ward in Kyoto City.

上御霊前通（かみごりょうまえどおり）は京都市内の東西の通りの一つ。
Kamigoryomae-dori Street is a street running east-west through Kyoto City.

葛野大路（かどのおおじ）は、京都府京都市の主要な南北の通りの一つ。
The Kadonooji-dori Street is one of the major streets running north-south in Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.

油小路通（あぶらのこうじどおり）は京都市の主要な南北の通りの一つ。
Abura-no-koji dori Street is one of the major north-south streets of Kyoto City.

東鞍馬口通（ひがしくらまぐちどおり）は京都市内の東西の通りの一つ。
Higashi Kuramaguchi-dori Street is a street running east-west in Kyoto City.

そもそも藤壺とは内裏後宮の七殿五舎のうちの一つ飛香舎の別名である。
Originally, fujitsubo is another name for Higyosha, which is one of the shichiden gosha (literally, seven palaces and five houses) of the kokyu (empress's residence) of the dairi (Imperial Palace).

中世三大紀行文（ほかに『東関紀行』、『十六夜日記』）のうちの一つ。
It is one of the three great travel journals of the middle ages (the other two are 'Tokankiko' (Journal of a Journey to Tokan) and 'Izayoi Nikki' (Diary of the Sixteenth Night).

区（都市においた,大都市は一つにまとめられず、複数の区に分割された）
Ku (Wards, established in cities; some large cities are divided into several wards.)

礫器 (Pebble Tool) もっとも原始的な石器の一つである。
Rekki (pebble tool): One of the most primitive stone tools

日本では、1869年（明治2年）に新設された族称の一つが平民である。
The term heimin designated a class of family and was created in 1869 in Japan.

幕府は大坂城の跡地に新たな大坂城を築き、西国支配の拠点の一つとした。
The bakufu constructed New Osaka-jo Castle where Osaka-jo Castle was, and made it one of footholds to rule Saigoku.

「南進」はその後の国策の有力な選択肢の一つと考えられるようになった。
'Southward advance' was considered as one of the powerful options for Japan's prospective policy.

敬神党は、旧肥後藩士族の三大派閥の一つであった、勤皇党の一派である。
The Keishin-to party was a sect of the Kinno-to party (pro-Imperial party), which was one of the three major factions of the former Higo Domain warrior class.

筥陶司（きょとうし）は律令制において宮内省に属する機関の一つである。
Kyotoshi (Vessels Office) was one of the institutions belonging to Kunaisho (Ministry of the Sovereign's Household) in the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).

内薬司（ないやくし）は律令制において中務省に属する機関の一つである。
Naiyakushi was one of the agencies that belonged to Nakatsukasasho (Ministry of Central Affairs) under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).

一つの国で平均（一律的）に賦課されることから一国平均役と呼称される。
It is called ikkoku heikinyaku because taxes and assignments were imposed evenly (heikin) throughout a province.

洞川の地は、日本百名山の一つである大峰山・山上ヶ岳の登山口にあたる。
Dorogawa is a starting point for a climb of Mt. Sanjogatake of Omine mountain range, which is one of 100 top mountains of Japan.

なお、南満州鉄道も多角化を推進した事から財閥の一つとする場合もある。
Incidentally, South Manchuria Railways may be included in the zaibatsu due to the fact that it also promoted the diversification of its business.

長篠の戦いで武田方の旗差物の識別した際に一つも間違うことがなかった。
In identifying the flags on the Takeda side in the Battle of Nagashino, he did not make any mistakes.

中村扇雀（なかむらせんじゃく）は、中村鴈治郎家所縁の名跡の一つ。
Senjaku NAKAMURA is one of the professional names that are related to the Ganjiro NAKAMURA family.

京都を代表する観光地の一つ嵐山への大阪・神戸方面からの玄関口である。
It's the gateway from Osaka and Kobe to Arashiyama, one of the representative tourist spots of Kyoto.

北大路駅の一つ上の地下階に存在する京都市営バス有数のバスターミナル。
This is one of the major bus terminals of Kyoto City Bus, and is situated on the basement floor directly above Kitaoji Station.

ちなみに「角倉」は運営していた土倉の名前の一つから取られた物である。
In fact, 'Suminokura' was taken from the name of one of the doso that they operated.

江戸時代では公事方御定書に極刑の一つとして紹介されている（鋸挽き）。
It was introduced as one of the ultimate penalties during the Edo period in Kujigata-osadamegaki (the law of Edo bakufu) (nokogiribiki - punishment by sawing off the head).

新丸太町通（しんまるたまちどおり）は京都市左京区の南北の通りの一つ。
Shinmarutamachi-dori Street is a street running north-south through Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City.

建勲通（けんくんどおり）は京都市北区 (京都市)の東西の通りの一つ。
Kenkun-dori Street is a street running east-west through Kita Ward, Kyoto City.

また、日本の説話（おとぎばなし）の一つで、その主人公の名前でもある。
It is also a Japanese setsuwa (folk tale), and the name of the main character within it.

精緻な文体で記述され、日本近代文学を代表する傑作の一つと見なされる。
The novel has a detailed and delicate descriptive style and is regarded as one of the masterpieces representative of modern Japanese literature.

神が人間に対して石とバナナを示し、どちらかを一つを選ぶように命ずる。
Got presented a stone and a banana to people and ordered them to choose either of them.

国引き神話（くにびきしんわ）は、出雲国に伝わる日本神話の一つである。
Kunibiki Shinwa (Land dragging myth) is a part of Japanese mythology that has been passed down in the Izumo Province.

それらが複合した形態をもって、一つの一貫した民俗体系が構築されている。
A standardized system of folk culture was built around a combination of both traditions.

移動生活から定住的な生活への変化は、もう一つの大きな変化をもたらした。
The transition from nomadic life to a sedentary life brought one big change in the environment.

その一つの頂点が壬午事変（1882年）・甲申事変（1884年）である。
A peak of this was the Imo Incident (1882) and the Gapsin Coup (1884).

近世において、統一権力が諸大名に対して有していた処分権、統制権の一つ。
Tenpo was one of the powers of disposition and control that the unified authority had over all the daimyo in modern times.

徳川家康の母於大の方（水野忠政の娘）の入輿もこれらの交流の一つである。
Odai no kata, the daughter of Tadamasa MIZUNO, was a member of the Mizuno clan who was married to a member of the Matsudaira clan during this time.

武蔵国（むさしのくに）は、かつて日本の地方行政区分だった令制国の一つ。
Musashi Province was one of the provinces administered by the Ryo-sei, or administrative codes.

二条派歌道の宗匠の家柄の一つでもあったので、歌道に関する文書類が多い。
Being a family of one of the family lineages of a master of Nijo school waka poetry, a large number of documents related to kado (the art of versification) were included..

中長者町通（なかちょうじゃまちどり）は京都市上京区の東西の通りの一つ。
Nakachojamachi-dori Street is one of the streets running from east to west in Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City.

以上3つの要件の一つ以上に合致しておれば常任幹事会で加盟を承認される。
The executive board meeting will approve a town as a member of the National Kyoto Conference if the town satisfies one or more requirements of the three listed above.

阿倍氏（あべし、後に安倍氏）は古代日本の豪族に由来する貴族の氏の一つ。
The Abe clan (the original kanji used for the Abe clan was 阿部氏, later 安倍氏) was one of the nobles derived from Gozoku (local ruling family) of ancient Japan.

しかあれど一つの身のゆえによりて、百姓を傷りそこなわんことを欲りせじ。
However, I don't want to cause the peasant great hardship due to my problem.

その原因の一つにcedar をスギと訳したため、という説が挙げられる。
It can be suggested that one reason for this is the translation of the Japanese word 'sugi' as 'cedar' as opposed to 'Japanese cedar.'

重衡と輔子との再会と別れは『平家物語』の重要な場面の一つとなっている。
The reunion and parting of Shigehira and Hoshi constitute one of the most important scenes in the 'Heike Monogatari.'

なお、この基実から始まる系統が、後に五摂家の一つとなった近衛家である。
Additionally, Morozane started the Konoe family, which later became one of Gosekke (literally, 'the five Sekke,' meaning five regent families).

そんな有世が52歳（1378年）のときに一つの運命的な出会いを果たす。
A fateful meeting came when Ariyo was 52 years old (1378).

紫明通（しめいどおり）は京都市北区 (京都市)南部の東西の通りの一つ。
Shimei-dori Street is a street running east-west through the north part of Kita Ward, Kyoto City.

桜馬場通（さくらのばんばどおり）は、京都市左京区内の南北の通りの一つ。
Sakuranobanba-dori Street is a street running from north to south in Sakyo Ward in Kyoto City.

第5世住持の増俊の時代に曼荼羅寺の塔頭の一つとして随心院が建てられた。
Zuishin-in Temple was founded as a sub-temple of Gyuhisan Mandara-ji Temple in the time of the 5th head priest Zoshun.

が、同時代史料には拠るべきものが何一つなく、一切は不明とみるほかない。
However, as no proof has survived in contemporary historical sources there is no other choice but to consider all of his background unknown.

軍団は数個郡に一つの割合で存在し、郡家の近くに駐屯して、訓練に従事した。
Gundan existed as one for several counties, stationed near Gunke (public office), and engaged in training.

おおよその内容は推察できるものの、今一つはっきりしたところがつかめない。
It is possible to conjecture a rough meaning, but we cannot quite understand it clearly.

対して、個人や一つの国に関しての情報をまとめて記述するのを紀伝体という。
On the otherhand, 'Kidentai' is a way to describe historical information about any individual or country independently.

採訪処置使は領内の一つの州に治所を置き治所の州刺史を兼任する役職である。
Saihoshochishi was a government officer who placed an administrative office in a province within the territory, and additionally, he served as governor of the province.

律令制における五色の賤（陵戸・官戸・家人・官（公）奴婢・私奴婢）の一つ。
One of the five subcastes of the senmin lower class (which consisted of Ryoko, dedicated to the imperial family or guards of imperial tombs; Kanko, dedicated to public ministries; Kenin, servants of high-ranking families; Kunuhi, slaves of the court; and Shinuhi, slaves of families) that existed under the ritsuryo system.

このことが神秘的な感じを与え、これも六曜の人気の要因の一つとなっている。
This gives a mysterious aura to rokuyo and is one of the reasons for the popularity.

杖罪（じょうざい）、もしくは杖刑（じょうけい）とは、律令法の五刑の一つ。
Flogging (jozai or jokei) was one of the five sentences of the Ritsuryo law.

時代の進行とともに連合していき、一つの勢力が出来ていった、と考えられる。
It is believed that smaller groups combined to form one power as period went forward.

第八十五国立銀行（第八十五銀行）→埼玉銀行（埼玉りそな銀行の前身の一つ）
The 85th National Bank (Daihachijugo Bank) -> the Saitama Bank (one of the predecessor of the Saitama Resona Bank).

いわゆる清和源氏の出自について異説があるが、その一つに陽成源氏説がある。
There are several hypotheses of the origin of Seiwa-Genji; one of them is the Yozei-Genji Theory.

江戸時代には一つの備に二組の鉄砲組が配される様になり、足軽の主力となる。
During the Edo period, there were two teppo gumi placed within one sonae, and they became the principal force of the foot soldiers.

タクシーの利点の一つが「旅客をドアtoドアで輸送できる」という点である。
One of the advantages of a taxi is its capability to 'carry passengers from the entrance of the point of departure to the entrance of the destination.'

久隆は吉川氏に仕え、片山家は岩国藩の剣術師家の一つとして廃藩まで仕えた。
Hisataka served for the Kikkawa clan and the Katayama family had served for the Iwakuni Domain as one of the sword master families until abolition of feudal domains.

文久3年（1863年）、浪士組が江戸より上洛して八木家を宿の一つとする。
In 1863, some of the Roshigumi (an organization of masterless samurai formed by the Shogunate) stayed at the Yagi family's house on their way from Edo (Tokyo) to Kyoto.

これらの行動は平氏に大きな打撃となり都落ちを決定付ける要因の一つとなる。
These acts inflicted a heavy blow to the Taira clan, acting as a decisive factor for the exile from the capital.

河原崎権十郎（かわらさきごんじゅうろう）は、歌舞伎役者の名跡の一つ。
Gonjuro KAWARASAKI is a Kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors) actor's professional name.

下長者町通（しもちょうじゃまちどおり）は京都市上京区の東西の通りの一つ。
Shimochojamachi-dori Street is a street runing east-west street in Kamigyo Ward, Kyoto City.

国宝の弥勒菩薩半跏思惟像を蔵することで知られ、聖徳太子建立七大寺の一つ。
The temple is known for its statue of the Bodhisattva Maitreya sitting contemplatively in the half-lotus position, a National Treasure, and is one of the seven major temples constructed by Prince Shotoku.

知恩院三門、東本願寺御影堂門とともに、京都三大門の一つに数えられている。
It is considered one of the three great gates of Kyoto along with the Sam-mon Gate of Chion-in Temple and Mieido-mon Gate of Higashi Hongan-ji Temple.

放送当時の社会問題であった過労と不眠を本能寺の変の遠因の一つとしていた。
Overwork and insomnia, which were social issues at the time of broadcasting, were presented as the cause of Honno-ji no Hen.

画工司（がこうし）は、日本の律令制において中務省に属する機関の一つである。
Gakoshi (Painting Office) was one of the institutions belonging to Nakatsukasasho (Ministry of Central Affairs) in the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) in Japan.

内礼司（ないらいし）は日本の律令制において中務省に属する機関の一つである。
Nairaishi (Palace Etiquette Office) was one of the institutions belonging to Nakatsukasasho (Ministry of Central Affairs) in the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) in Japan.

五日市憲法（いつかいちけんぽう）は、明治時代初期に作られた私擬憲法の一つ。
The Itsukaichi Constitution is one of the constitution drafts which were made at the beginning of the Meiji period.

またサイクリングコースの一つとなっている為、自転車の交通量も多い峠である。
There are many bicycles in the pass because it is one of the cycling courses.

歳旦祭（さいたんさい）は、戦前の祝祭日の中の皇室祭祀令に基づく祭日の一つ。
Saitansai (a Shinto ritual to mark the beginning of New Year followed by a special sharing of sake (rice wine) in the barrel and a mochi (rice cake) pounding ceremony) is one of the holidays designated by the Koshitsu Saishi Rei (Imperial household religious rites ordinance) as a festal day, which were celebrated before World War II.

6歳の頃、尊雲法親王として、天台宗三門跡の一つである梶井門跡三千院に入る。
He entered Kajii Monzeki Manzen-in Temple, one of three monzeki (temple formerly led by founder of sect, temple in which resided a member of nobility or imperial family members) of the Tendai sect as Cloistered Imperial Prince Sonun at the age of around six.

戦前は新年・紀元節・明治節ともに四大節の一つとして、盛大に奉祝されていた。
Before the war, it was actively celebrated as one of the four major festivals along with New Year, Kigensetsu (the National Foundation Day) (the day commemorating the ascension to the throne of the first emperor, Jimmu) and Meiji festival.

一つの権利主体として、支配者に対し権利の要求を行うことがしばしば見られた。
They often demanded their rights from rulers as one group.

近世（江戸時代）において、名主（なぬし）は地方三役の呼び名の一つとなった。
In the early modern age, and specifically the Edo period, village headmen were called nanushi, which was one of the three official positions of a provincial community.

僧・尼の尊さを表す物であると同時に、朝廷にとっては収入源の一つでもあった。
Not only did it indicate the high virtue of the monk or nun, but also an income source for the Imperial Court.

竜田越奈良街道（たつたごえならかいどう）は、奈良に至る「奈良街道」の一つ。
The Tatsuta-goe Nara Kaido is one of the highways to Nara.

安政2年（1855年）ライフワークの一つでもある『皇典翼』の執筆を開始。
In 1855, he started writing 'Kotenyoku' which was one of his life's works.

その一つは、宇治田原自動車の15円区間を京阪バスは10円としたことである。
One was that Keihan Bus Company charged \10 for the same blocks as Uji Tawara Jidosha charged \15 for.

藤原北家摂家の一つ、鷹司家の初代当主の藤原兼平については、鷹司兼平を参照。
See the article on Kanehira TAKATSUKASA for the FUJIWARA no Kanehira who was the first family head of the Takatsukasa family, one of the five sekke (family of a regent or a chief advisor to the Emperor) of the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan.

通りの名は東洞院通との交差点にかつてあった京都五山の一つ万寿寺に由来する。
The name of the street came from Manju-ji Temple which is one of the Kyoto Gozan (Five Great zen Temples of Kyoto) that used to exist at the crossing between Higashinotoin-dori Street.

新田分知（しんでんぶんち）とは、江戸時代における武家の分家形態の一つである。
Shindenbunchi is a form of samurai branch family in the Edo period.

大舎人寮（おおとねりりょう）は律令制において中務省に属する機関の一つである。
Otoneriryo was one of the institutions belonging to Nakatsukasasho (Ministry of Central Affairs) in the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).

図書寮（ずしょりょう）は日本の律令制において中務省に属する機関の一つである。
Zushoryo was one of the institutions belonging to Nakatsukasasho (Ministry of Central Affairs) in the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) in Japan.

もう一つは、広野方面からアプローチするもので、広野には亀岡駅からバスがある。
Another route is to approach from Hirono district and buses go from Kameoka Station.

「東山」とは一つの山系の名ではなく、京都の中心部から見て東に見える山を指す。
'Higashiyama' means the mountains that can be viewed in the east from the central Kyoto, not a name of specific mountain range.

君が代は10世紀に編纂された『古今和歌集』に収録されている短歌の一つである。
The lyrics for Kimigayo was first appeared in the 'Kokin Wakashu' (the anthology of poetry edited in the 10th century) as an poem.
The words of Kimigayo were derived from a waka poem in the 'Kokin-Wakashu' compiled in the tenth century.

牙符制（がふせい）とは、外交使節の審査・認証を行なう制度（査証制度）の一つ。
Gafusei was one of the systems of examining and certificating an envoy (endorsement).

もう一つ、阪急電鉄の独自ルールとして特筆されたものが「全席優先座席」である。
Another unique rule of Hankyu Railway worth mentioning was the designation of 'all seats--priority seats.'

今出川通（いまでがわどおり）は京都市中心市街地北部の主要な東西の通りの一つ。
Imadegawa-dori Street is one of the major east-west streets in the northern part of downtown Kyoto City.

五条坂（ごじょうざか）は、京都市内の通りの一つである五条通の東端部分の別名。
Gojo-zaka is another name for the eastern section of Gojo-dori Street, a street running inside Kyoto City.

壇ノ浦夜合戦記（だんのうらのよるかっせんき）は、日本の古典春本の一つである。
Dan no Ura Yoru no Kassenki is the title of a Japanese classic pornographic novel.

冷泉派（れいぜいは）は、鎌倉時代中期から現代にいたるまでの和歌の流派の一つ。
The Reizei school ('Reizeiha' in Japanese) is a school of waka poetry composition that began in the mid Kamakura period and continues to the present day.

当時は、程頤ら聖人の道を標榜する学派から派生した学の一つとして道学と呼ばれた。
At the time, Shusigaku was called Dogaku, as a learning system derived from the school sect of Yi CHENG and others which practiced the way of saints.

西国筋郡代（さいごくすじぐんだい）とは、江戸時代に4ヶ所設置された郡代の一つ。
Saigokusuji-gundai was one of the gundai set in four places in the Edo period.

始祖を謁平と称し、新羅建国時の6村(新羅六部）の一つ、及梁部の村長をしていた。
They claim Alpyeong as their first ancestor, and they served as the village mayor of Keupryang, one of the six villages at the time of establishment of Silla (Silla-Yukbu).

峰山海軍航空隊（みねやまかいぐんこうくうたい）は、大日本帝国海軍の部隊の一つ。
The Mineyama Naval Air Squadron was one of the squadrons of the Imperial Japanese Navy.

泗川の戦い（しせんのたたかい）とは文禄・慶長の役における日本の合戦一覧の一つ。
Shisen no Tatakai was one of the Japanese battles which occurred during the Bunroku-Keicho War.

大炊寮（おおいりょう）とは日本の律令制において宮内省に属する機関の一つである。
Oiryo (Bureau of Palace Kitchens) is a bureau of Kunaisho (the Ministry of the Imperial Household) under the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) in Japan.

太平御覧（たいへいぎょらん）とは、中国北宋代初期に成立した類書の一つである。
Taihei Gyoran is one of the encyclopedias from the early Northern Song Dynasty.

その他四度使（よどのつかい）の一つである朝集使が在京中のときはその管理を行う。
And additionally, when Choshushi (clerks conveying the Public Documents under the System of the Law 'Ritsuryo'), who was one of Yodo no tsukai, was in Kyoto, they controlled it.

しかしながら、どのようなブレンドをするかは酒屋の主人の力量の一つですらあった。
However, it was even one of sakaya owner's abilities how to blend various sake products.

室町幕府は土倉に対し、倉役（土倉役）と呼ばれる税を課し、主要財源の一つとなる。
The Muromachi bakufu imposed a specific tax called kurayaku (also known as dosoyaku) on doso, and the tax was a major source of revenue for the bakufu.

出挙は元々、農業生産の推進・奨励、すなわち勧農の一つとして位置づけられていた。
Suiko was originally regarded as a system to promote and encourage agricultural production, namely a kind of encouraging of agriculture.

六壬神課は式占術の一つであり、太乙神数、奇門遁甲と合わせて「三式」と呼ばれる。
Rikujinshinka (an ancient form of divination from China based on astronomy and Kanshijutsu (Oriental zodiac)) is one type of Shikisenjutsu (an ancient form of divination from China that uses a board called Shikiban and a spoon-like tool called a Choku), and, along with Taiitsushinsu (one of the divinations that was invented in China and mainly cast about important matters such as politics and economics) and Kimontonko (an ancient form of divination from China which is still in use in China, Taiwan, Singapore, and the Chinese diasporas in Southeast Asia), they are collectively called 'Sanshiki.'

相国寺の戦いは応仁の乱でも激戦の一つであり、その一部始終は「応仁記」に詳しい。
The Battle of Shokoku-ji was one of the fiercest battles of the Onin War, and 'Oninki' (the record of the Onin War) gives a detailed description of the entire story of this battle.

士学館は斎藤の練兵館や千葉の玄武館と並んで江戸三大道場の一つにまで数えられた。
Shigakukan was considered one of the three great dojo halls (halls used for swordplay training) in Edo, together with Renpeikan headed by Saito and Genbukan headed by Chiba.

子孫は後世において葉室家を称し、中世・近世を通じて堂上家の一つとして繁栄した。
In the later period, his descendent called themselves the Hamuro family and prospered as a toshoke (families recognized as kugyo (noble).

江戸三大道場の一つ、「力の斎藤」（斎藤弥九郎）の練兵館（九段北三丁目）に入門。
He joined the Renpeikan dojo (3, Kudan-kita), which was one of the Big Three Dojo in Edo run by 'Powerful Saito' (Yakuro SAITO).

高橋道八（たかはしどうはち）は京焼（清水焼）の窯元の一つで、陶芸家の名跡。
Dohachi TAKAHASHI is one of potteries of Kyo yaki (Kyoto style ceramic art, or kiyomizu-ware), and is a family name for ceramic artists.

児玉弘行（有道遠峰大夫弘行）は武蔵七党の一つである児玉党の本宗家2代目である。
Hiroyuki KODAMA (YUDO Enpo-daifu Hiroyuki) was the second of the head family of the Kodama Party which was one of the Musashi-shichito Parties.

古文書を研究する歴史学上の一つのカテゴリーであり、史料学の一分野とみなされる。
Paleography is a category within history that studies komonjo, and is regarded as a field concerned with historical materials.

また一編、一編が簡潔で、一つの論旨を比喩や故事、時に外来語まで用いて説いている。
In each chapter, his writing was plain and concise, explaining a main topic using metaphors, events and figures in history, and even foreign words.

東京の大本営は損害の大きさに驚愕し、桁を一つ間違えたのではないかと疑ったという。
Imperial command in Tokyo was astonished by the magnitude of the casualties and reportedly wondered if there was a typo in the casualty report.

囚獄司（しゅうごくし）は日本古代の律令制において刑部省に属する機関の一つである。
Shugokushi (Prisons Office) was one of the agencies that belonged to Gyobusho (Ministry of Justice) in ancient Japanese system of centralized governance.

散位寮（さんにりょう）は古代日本の律令制において式部省に属する機関の一つである。
Sanniryo was one of the institutions belonging to Shikibu-sho (the Ministry of Ceremonial) in the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) in ancient Japan.

秀吉没後の関ヶ原の戦いにおいては、北近畿は田辺城の戦いなど激戦地域の一つとなる。
In the Battle of Sekigahara after the death of Hideyoshi, Kitakinki became site of many fierce battles, including the Battle of Tanabe-jo Castle.

もともとは一つの村落で、村人が共同で酒を造る小屋のことを酒屋（さかや）といった。
Originally, a hut where villagers manufactured sake jointly was called sakaya (literally, sake house).

吉備大臣入唐絵巻（きびのおとどにっとうえまき）は、日本の絵巻物の一つである。
Kibi no Otodo Nitto Emaki is the name of a Japanese picture scroll.

7世紀中ごろの大化の改新も権力集中化の動きの一つであり、一定の進展を見せている。
The Taika Reforms in around the middle of the seventh century was such a move to strengthen powers, achieving a certain level of advancement.

その原因の一つに、師篤胤から不思議な知らせを夢で受け取ったからだと言われている。
One of the reasons why Harumichi accepted the request is that he received a strange message from his deceased teacher, Atsutane, in a dream.

平均利用者数195万人/日、営業キロ146.6kmに及ぶ、大手私鉄の一つである。
It is one of the major private railway companies with an average of 1,950,000 (one million nine hundred fifty thousand) users a day and a total operation of 146.6 kilometers.

後世の偽書とも疑われるが、秀吉政権の内部を知る上では貴重な史書の一つともされる。
It was suspected to be a forgery created in later generations, but it was one of the precious historical books through which one could explore the workings of the Hideyoshi government.

日本三景の一つに数えられ、全国的に有名な観光地、天橋立への鉄道での玄関口である。
Counted as having one of the three most famous panoramas in Japan and a tourist site renowned throughout the country, it's the gateway railway station to Amanohashidate.

世阿弥の目指した名人像の一つであり、能の芸術的発展にも、大きく寄与したと言える。
Iccho constituted an image of experts to be aimed at by Zeami, and it can be said that Iccho contributed greatly to the artistic advancement of Noh.

加茂街道（かもかいどう）は京都市内の通りの一つで賀茂川右岸（西岸）堤防上を走る。
Kamo kaido is a street running the embankment of the left shore of (west shore) the Kamo-gawa River in Kyoto City.

下立売通（しもたちうりどおり、しもだちうりどおり）は京都市内の東西の通りの一つ。
Shimotachiuri-dori (also called Shimodachiuri-dori) Street is a street running east-west through Kyoto City.

様々な説が唱えられており、有名な説の一つに梅毒によって死亡したというものがある。
There are various views on the cause of his death; one of them was that he died of syphilis.

宿禰（すくね）は、八色の姓（やくさのかばね）で制定された、カバネ（かばね）の一つ。
Sukune was one of the kabane (hereditary titles) established by Yakusa no Kabane (the eight hereditary titles).

日本では、暦の中でも有名な暦注の一つで、一般のカレンダーや手帳にも記載されている。
In Japan, rokuyo is one of the most famous rekichu for the calendar and is written in ordinary calendars and notebooks.

六曜（ろくよう）は、暦注の一つで、先勝・友引・先負・仏滅・大安・赤口の6種をいう。
Rokuyo refers to one of rekichu (various information recorded in the almanac) and has the six kinds such as sakigachi (The day on which bold actions are supposed to turn out well), tomobiki (The day currently believed to pull a friend by superstition), sakimake (The day on which it is supposed to be better to avoid disputes and hurried actions), butsumetsu (Buddha's death or unlucky day), taian (The most auspicious day in the six-day Buddhist calendar) and shakko (The day of great misfortune).

大和国（やまとのくに）は、かつて日本に設けられた地方行政区分の令制国の一つである。
Yamato Province is one of the ryoseikoku (provinces) once established under the local administration system in Japan.

- いわゆる地方三新法の一つとして、明治11年太政官布告第19号により制定された。
It was established in the 19th Dajokan fukoku (proclamation by the Grand Council of State) in 1878 as one of the three local new laws.

特に農村部では夫婦一台ずつに加えて農作業用のトラック一つという家庭も多くみられる。
Especially in agricultural areas, many households have one truck for agricultural work in addition to cars owned by each spouse.

朱雀院（すざくいん）は、平安時代の天皇の累代の後院（ごいん、譲位後の御所）の一つ。
Suzakuin is one of goin (Imperial Palace after the abdication of the throne) for successive Emperors during the Heian period.

もう一つの類型は、荘官・地頭などが下人・所従といった隷属民に耕作させるものである。
The other type of tsukuda was that of shokan, jito, et al. which used subordinate people, such as low ranked people and shoju (retainers), to cultivate the land.

出納の妻が子供を連れて帰る、という三つのシーンを一つの場面の中に描いたものである。
The suito's wife takes away her child.

長講堂領（ちょうこうどう-りょう）は、中世荘園公領制下における王家領荘園群の一つ。
Chokodo-ryo was an Imperial family shoen (manor) under the shoen koryo sei (a system of Public lands and Private estates) during the medieval period.

一つは、他の有力貴族を失脚させることで、藤原北家への対抗心を削ぐこと（他氏排斥）。
First, reducing other powerful court nobles' resistance to the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan by undermining them politically (expulsion of other clans from the Imperial Court).

河原者（かわらもの）は、河原人とも呼ばれ、中世日本の代表的な被差別民の一つである。
Kawaramono is also referred to as Kawarabito, and they were a type of people which were discriminated against in medieval Japan.

「徳政」はその路線の上に推進された政策であり、神領興行はそうした政策の一つである。
Benevolent rule' was a policy principle promoted along this line of thought, and Shinryo Kogyo was one of the policies based on that principle.

趣味の一つである陶芸には特に熱を上げ、36歳の時には息子に跡を譲り隠居してしまう。
He was so deeply absorbed in ceramic art, one of his hobbies, that he handed over the family business to his son and retired at the age of 36.

清浄華院（しょうじょうけいん）は京都市上京区にある浄土宗大本山七ヶ寺の一つである。
Shojoke-in Temple is one of the seven great head temples of Jodo Sect (the Pure Land Sect of Buddhism) located in Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City.

京極派（きょうごくは）は、鎌倉時代中期から室町時代初期にかけての和歌の流派の一つ。
The Kyogoku school (Kyogokuha) was a school of waka poetry that existed from the middle of the Kamakura period into the beginning of the Muromachi period.

これらはどれもが数十日の期限付きで、一つでも遅れた場合には閉山するというものだった。
All these conditions had deadlines of several weeks, and if any one of them had been delayed, the company had to close the mine.

美保海軍航空隊（みほかいぐんこうくうたい）は、大日本帝国海軍の部隊・教育機関の一つ。
Miho Naval Air Corps was one of the troops and educational institutions of the Imerpial Japanese Navy.

また、村によっては一つの村内で領主が家ごとに別々（相給）になっているケースがあった。
In some villages, every family had its feudal lord, (it was referred to as Aikyu).

正親司（おおきみのつかさ）は日本古代の律令制において宮内省に属する機関の一つである。
Okimi no tsukasa was one of the institutions belonging to Imperial Household Agency in the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) in ancient Japan.

第五十七国立銀行（第五十七銀行）→1940年に中越銀行（北陸銀行の前身の一つ）に買収
The 57th National Bank (Daigujushichi Bank) -> purchased by the Chuetsu Bank (one of the predecessor of the Hokuriku Bank) in 1940.

第三十国立銀行（三十銀行）→1929年三十四銀行（三和銀行の前身の一つ）に買収される
The 30th National Bank (Sanju Bank) -> purchased by the Sanjushi Bank (one of the predecessor of the Sanwa Bank) in 1929.

明治期、様々な文物・制度が西欧より移入されたが、博覧会という催しもその一つであった。
In the Meiji period, products of culture and systems were introduced to Japan from Western in various ways and exhibition was one of them.

扱い方一つで守護に用いることもあれば、上下を逆向きにして悪魔の象徴になることもある。
Depending on the usage, it can be used as protection, or it can symbolize the devil, when it is placed upside down.

加悦谷を南北に流れる野田川が、日本三景の一つである天橋立の内海（阿蘇海）に注ぎ込む。
Noda-gawa River runs through Kayadani from north to south runs into the inland sea (Aso-kai) of Amanohashidate, and is one of the three most scenic spots in Japan.

なお、任那は一つの国ではなく十国が集まった連合であるという記載が『日本書紀』にある。
Mimana is not just one country but an alliance composed of ten countries, according to 'Chronicles of Japan'.

冷泉院（れいぜいいん）は、平安時代の天皇の累代の後院（ごいん、譲位後の御所）の一つ。
Reizeiin was one of the Goin Palaces (an Imperial Palace for the emperor who abdicated the throne) for successive emperors during the Heian period.

東宮傅（とうぐうのふ）は、律令制に定められた皇太子（東宮）付きの教育官の一つである。
Togu-no-fu was a kind of educational officer that worked for the Togu (Crown Prince) as stipulated in the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).

八条院領（はちじょういん-りょう）は、中世の荘園公領制下における王家領荘園群の一つ。
The Hachijoin-ryo was one of the groups of shoen (manor in medieval Japan) possessed by members of the imperial family under shoen koryo sei (The System of Public Lands and Private Estates) in the medieval period.

「兎に角、それは、三千年の昔より、神国日本に、しばしば現れたる天佑の一つであった。」
It was one of the miracles that often occurred in the country of god, Japan from three thousand years ago.'

また、1994年12月、「古都京都の文化財」の一つとして日本の世界遺産に登録された。
In December 1994, it was also registered as a World Heritage Site as part of the 'Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto'.

実家の阿野家は閑院流藤原氏の一つで、阿野全成の娘を母に持つ阿野実直を始祖としている。
The Ano clan, the family she was born into, was a sect of the Kanin school of the Fujiwara clan, and originated from Sanenao ANO, who was the son of a woman fathered by Zenjo ANO.

4代目守之、5代目正禎は才谷村の大字の一つである「大浜」を家名としてなのりはじめる。
At around the fourth generation Moriyuki and the fifth generation Masayoshi, the family started to use 'Ohama' as their family name, which was one of the regional name in Saitani-mura.

織田家は勢力を拡大、特にもう一つの悩みであった石山本願寺に対する圧力をいっそう強める。
The Oda family expanded its power and intensified pressure on Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple that had been yet another source of worry.

主水司（しゅすいし・もいとりのつかさ）は律令制において宮内省に属する機関の一つである。
Shusuishi (moitori no tsukasa) was one of the institutions belonging to Kunaisho (Ministry of the Sovereign's Household) in the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).

第九十六国立銀行（柳川銀行）→福岡県南部18行で合併し筑邦銀行（福岡銀行の前身の一つ）
The 96th National Bank (Yanagawa Bank) -> merged with 18 banks in the southern part of Fukuoka Prefecture and became the Chikuho Bank (one of the predecessor of the Fukuoka Bank).

これにより、首以外の鍍金は済んだものの、もう一つ頼みの奥州からはなかなか届かなかった。
Owing to these offerings, the Great Buddha was plated with gold except the head, but the contribution was not delivered timely from Oshu, an another reliable source.

日本国憲法第92条に基づく地方自治法では、村（そん、むら）は地方公共団体の一つである。
The Local Autonomy Act, based on the Constitution of Japan Article 92, defines a village (son, mura) as one of local public authorities.

三日平氏の乱（みっかへいしのらん）は、平安時代末期の内乱、治承・寿永の乱の戦いの一つ。
The Three-day War by the Taira Clan was one of the domestic conflicts which occurred in the Jisho-Juei War during the late Heian period.

「東（国）の京」或いは「東（国）の都」と呼ばれ、戦国三大文化の一つ、今川文化が栄えた。
It was called 'Kyo in the east' or 'capital in the east' and Imagawa culture, one of three cultures in the Sengoku Period, was flourished there.

吉野杉は秋田杉や木曽桧と並んで日本三大美林一つとされ、日本有数の林業地帯となっている。
Yoshino cedar is deemed as one of the three most beautiful forests in Japan together with Akita cedar and Kiso hinoki (Japanese cypress), and forms a major forestry region in Japan.

鋼索線の廃線跡を愛宕神社 (京都市)への上級者向け登山道の一つとして通行する者がいる。
Experienced hikers presently use the path left behind by the abandoned funicular line as a mountain trail to Atago Shrine (Kyoto City).

なお、古語拾遺においては、アマツマラの代わりに一つ目の鍛冶神天目一箇神が登場している。
Additionally, Amenomahitotsu no Kami, a god of smithery, with one eye appeared in the Kogo shui (a historical work complied in 807 by INBE no Hironari, which contains material not found in the Kojiki and the Nihonshoki, and records of the Inbe family's achievements), instead of Amatsura.

水道は江戸っ子の自慢の物の一つで、「水道の水を産湯に使い」などと言う言葉がよく使われる。
The water works were a source of pride for the peoploe of Edo, and they are noted as saying that '[they] used tap water to give [their] newborns [their] first bath.'

その理由の一つに感光性のモミが日照時間の短い中部高地では育たないということがあげられる。
One of the reasons for taking such a long time was that photosensitive rice does not grow in the Chubu highland where hours of sunlight are short.

弥生時代（やよいじだい）は、北海道・沖縄諸島を除く日本列島における時代区分の一つである。
Yayoi period is one of periodizations in the Japanese Archipelago excluding Hokkaido and Okinawa Islands.

茶話会（さわかい）とは、大日本帝国憲法下における貴族院_(日本)における院内会派の一つ。
The Sawakai (literally, the Tea Party) was an internal faction within the House of Peers in Japan's National Diet, which was formed under the Meiji Constitution.

吉良氏（きら）は日本における武士の名家の一つであり、代表的なものに下の三つの流れがある。
The Kira clan is one of the most prestigious samurai families in Japan; listed below are this family's three notable lines of descent.

以後嫡流（京兆家）は代々管領に任ぜられ、斯波氏・畠山氏とともに三管領の一つに数えられる。
After that, his direct descendant (Keicho family) was appointed to kanrei for generations, and was counted as one of Sankanrei (three families in the post of kanrei, or shogunal deputy), along with the Shiba clan and the Hatakeyama clan.

現在の「ドッコイセ花火大会」は、もともとはその祭りの行事の一つとして始まったものである。
The present-day 'Dokkoise Fukuchiyama Hanabi Taikai' (fireworks event) originally started as one of the events in the Festival.

五辻宮（いつつじのみや）は鎌倉時代後期から南北朝時代のころまで存在していた宮家の一つ。
The Itsutsujinomiya family is one of the households of Imperial princes that existed in the late Kamakura Period to the early Southern and Northern Court period.

東宮学士（とうぐうがくし）は、律令制に定められた皇太子（東宮）付きの教育官の一つである。
Togu gakushi were one of the educational officers who served the Crown Prince (Togu) under the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code).

いま一つは、九体阿弥陀像を安置する長方形の九躰堂であり、浄瑠璃寺本堂が唯一の遺構である。
Another was a rectangular Kutai-do Hall in which to put nine statues of Amida (Amitabha), and a Joruri-ji Temple Hondo (main hall) is the existing ancient structure that is remaining.

その極力単純化されたフォルムと、重厚かつ幽玄な雰囲気は、神泉様式の一つの到達点を示した。
The simple form of the model and the subtle, dignified, and profound atmosphere of the painting indicated one of the highest achievements of the Shinsen style.

京都の鳥羽伏見の戦いでは、決死隊を募り官軍の銃弾に対して刀一つで突撃する豪胆さも見せた。
In the Battle of Toba-Fushimi at Kyoto, NAGAKURA showed his courage by leading members of a suicide squad and charging with a sword against the bullet-firing imperial army.

西大路通（にしおおじどおり）は、京都市中心市街地の西部に位置する主要な南北の通りの一つ。
The Nishioji-dori Street, located west of the heart of Kyoto City, is one of the major north-south streets running in Kyoto City.

候文（そうろうぶん）は日本語のうち中世から近代にかけて用いられた文語の文体の一つである。
Sorobun is a style of literary language in Japanese used from the middle ages to the modern times.

初稿本は長流の説を引くことが多く、一つの歌に対する契沖の感想や批評がよくあらわれている。
In the first edition, Choryu's theory was cited in many instances, and the book effectively depicted Keichu's commentary and criticism in regard to a single poem.

いわゆる地方三新法の一つとして、1878年7月22日に太政官布告第18号により発布された。
It was promulgated in the edict of DajokanNo.18 (Grand Council of State) on July 22, 1878, as one of the so-called three new bills related to the local government system.

一つの町村に一人の戸長が原則だったが、実際にはすぐにいくつかの町村を包括する方式に移った。
In principle, there was one kocho for each town or village, but in fact, one kocho took charge of several towns or villages.

京都競馬倶楽部（きょうとけいばくらぶ）は、かつて競馬を施行していた団体で競馬倶楽部の一つ。
The Kyoto Horse Racing Club was an organization which used to hold horse races.

弘文天皇を除くと、以後の天皇の代数は全部一つずれることになり、現天皇の代数にも影響が及ぶ。
If Emperor Kobun was excluded, the number of generation of emperors was shifted by one, and it has an influence on the number of generation of the current emperor.

狭い鰊倉の中に大人数が押し込められ、1日握飯一つと湯水一杯という粗食しか与えられなかった。
Many of the members were confined in a small nishin-gura Storehouse and were provided only with one rice ball and a cup of water per day.

第九十一国立銀行（第九十一銀行）→1928年に十二銀行（北陸銀行の前身の一つ）に合併される
The 91st National Bank (Daikyujuichi Bank) -> merged into the Juni Bank (one of the predecessor of the Hokuriku Bank) in 1928.

丹波国（たんばのくに）は、かつて日本の地方行政区分だった令制国の一つで、山陰道に位置する。
Tanba Province was one of the old provinces of Japan, located in San'indo.

丹後国（たんごのくに）は、かつて日本の地方行政区分だった令制国の一つで、山陰道に位置する。
Tango Province, located in Sanin-do, was one of the provinces administered by the Ryo-sei (administrative codes).

江戸時代から松島（現在の宮城県）、宮島（現在の広島県）とともに日本三景の一つに数えられた。
Since the Edo period it has been counted as one of Japan's three scenic views, along with Matsushima (current Miyagi Prefecture) and Miyajima (current Hiroshima Prefecture).

徳川家康の禁中並公家諸法度制定の背景の一つは、この宮中座次の紛争に終止符を打つ目的だった。
One of the purposes of the Kinchu narabini kuge shohatto (a set of regulations that applied to the emperor and the Kyoto nobles) enacted by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA was to put an end to the disputes over the order of precedence at the Imperial Court.

当然、一つの地域にまとまって免田が存在しているわけではなく、各地に散在している状態だった。
As a result, Menden did not exist together in one region but were scattered throughout the region.

日本は日英同盟に基づき第一次世界大戦に参戦して勝利し、列強の一つに数えられるようになった。
Japan entered the First World War based on the Anglo-Japanese Alliance and won the war, becoming counted as one of the great world powers.

その重要性は、平安時代中期（810年）以後には、三関の一つとなっていた事からも見てとれる。
Its importance can be seen in the fact that, from the middle of the Heian period (810), it was counted as one of the Sangen, or three major barriers.

中山道（なかせんどう）は、江戸時代の五街道の一つで、本州中部の内陸側を経由する路線である。
Nakasen-do Road (中山道) was one of the Go-kaido Road (the five major roads) of the Edo Period which ran through the interior of the central Honshu area.

多田神社（兵庫県川西市）、壺井八幡宮（大阪府羽曳野市）と共に「源氏三神社」の一つとされる。
It is considered one of the 'three shrines of the Minamoto clan' along with Tada-jinja Shrine (Kawanishi City, Hyogo Prefecture) and Tsuboi Hachiman-gu Shrine (Habikino City, Osaka Prefecture).

竹田街道（たけだかいどう）は、京（京都市中心部）と伏見（京都市伏見区）をつなぐ街道の一つ。
The Takeda-kaido Road is one of the roads which links Kyo (the heart of Kyoto City) and Fushimi (the Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City).

その後も、洋学所、蕃書調所、洋書調所と名を変えて存続し、現在の東京大学の起源の一つとなった。
From then on, it continued to exist changing names to Yogakusho (Institute of Foreign Study), Bansho shirabesho (barbarian book checking office) and Yosho shirabesho (foreign book checking office), which became one of the origins of the University of Tokyo.

その後、徳川光圀が編纂させた『大日本史』が、その「三大特質」の一つとして大友天皇紀を立てた。
'Dainihonshi' (Great history of Japan) compiled by order of Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA contained a history of Emperor Otomo as one of its 'three characteristics'.

研究会（けんきゅかい）とは、大日本帝国憲法下における貴族院_(日本)における院内会派の一つ。
Kenkyukai (a study group) was a faction within the House of Peers under the Constitution of the Great Empire of Japan.

日本史の時代区分の一つである安土桃山時代の語源ともなった安土城が建てられた地として知られる。
It is known as the place where the Azuchi-jo Castle was built which is the word origin of Japanese historical period 'the Azuchi-Momoyama period.'

もう一つは近江令不存在説で、天智天皇が近江令を制定したという話がこの時代に創作されたとする。
Another pillar is the Omi-Ryo nonexistence Hypothesis, which argues that a story that Emperor Tenchi instituted Omi-Ryo was created during this period.

明治節（めいじせつ）は、かつての祝祭日の中の四大節（紀元節、四方節、天長節、明治節）の一つ。
The Meiji-setsu is one of the four grand national holidays in the former public holiday system: the Kigen-setsu (the National Foundation Day), the Shiho-setsu (New Year's Day), the Tencho-setsu (the birthday of the present emperor), and the Meiji-setsu (the birthday of Emperor Meiji).

武家法と異なる律令法の特色の一つは、この体系的な国家機構および官僚制度の精密な規定にあった。
Precise definition of such systematic national structure and bureaucracy is one of the characteristics that distinguishes ritsuryo law from samurai law.

もう一つは「大型タクシーが各利用者のもとを巡回して集客後、直接空港に向かう」パターンである。
The other is where a full-size taxi picks up each passenger at home and then directly heads to the airport.

編年体（へんねんたい）とは歴史の記述法の一つで、起こった出来事を年代順に記してゆく方法を指す。
'Hennentai' is one of descriptive methods of history, whereby historical affairs are described in chronological order.

打製石器は人類の最も古い道具の一つと考えられ、アウストラロピテクスが使っていたとする説もある。
Dasei-sekki is considered to be the earliest tools used by human beings like Australopithecus according to one theory.

一方、松平忠輝は総大将を務める天王寺合戦で遅参したことが理由の一つとなり、翌年に改易となった。
On the other hand, Tadateru MATSUDAIRA was given kaieki (sudden dismissal and deprivation of position, privileges and properties) the next year partly because he arrived late for the Battle of Tenniji in which he was a supreme commander.

第百二十一国立銀行（百二十一銀行）→1897年に三十四銀行（三和銀行の前身の一つ）に合併される
The 121st National Bank (Hyakunijuichi Bank) -> merged into the Sanjushi Bank (one of the predecessor of the Sanwa Bank) in 1897.

また、東海自然歩道がこの史跡を縦断しており、東海自然歩道の観光史跡の一つとして挙げられている。
Tokai Shizen Hodo (The Tokai Nature Trail) runs through this site and this historic site is one of the touristic sites on the trail.

酒株（さけかぶ）とは、日本の江戸幕府が酒造統制の基本政策として行なった、醸造業の免許制の一つ。
Sakekabu is one of the licensing systems in the sake brewing industry, which was implemented by the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) of Japan as a basic policy for controlling sake brewing.

山城国（やましろのくに）は、かつて日本の地方行政区分だった令制国の一つで、畿内に位置する。
Yamashiro no Kuni, located in Kinai, was one of the administrative province (Ryoseikoku).

1930年に日本で初めてミズグモが発見された場所であり、本州以南で数少ない生息地の一つである。
It is where water spiders were sighted for the first time in Japan in 1930, being one of their very few habitats in Honshu and the south.

特に三条から四条あたりにかけては京都の歓楽街の一つとなっており、週末は夜遅くまで賑わっている。
In particular, the area between Sanjo and Shijo is one of Kyoto's amusement areas, and alive with people until late at night on weekends.

近江国（おうみのくに）は、かつて日本の地方行政区分だった令制国の一つで、東山道に位置する。
Omi Province was one of the provinces, the former local administration division, and is located in Tosando.

もう一つは「○分（○家抱）・×作」と併記して負担義務者と実際の耕作者に分けて記したものである。
Another was that the actual cultivator of the land was differentiated from the person responsible for those burdens, and it went, 'The land is owned by - (or, 'held by the family of - ') and cultivated by -.'

江戸時代に銅銭96枚（＝96文）の束をもって銭100文と見なした慣習も短陌の一つと見なされる。
The custom with which a bundle of 96 copper coins (equal to 96 mon [an old currency unit in Japan]) was considered as 100 coins in the Edo period is regarded as one of tanhaku.

成立は、平安時代の後半、12世紀末頃、後白河天皇のもとで製作された絵巻の一つと考えられている。
It is thought to be one of the picture scrolls manufactured under Emperor Goshirakawa around the end of the 12th century, the late Heian period.

南北朝時代_(日本)（吉野朝時代）、南朝_(日本)（吉野朝廷）の日本の首都となった地域の一つ。
It was a part of the area which became the capital of Japan under the Southern Court (Yoshino Court) during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Yoshino-cho period).

なお、残り二関は不破関と鈴鹿関であり、平安前期までは逢坂関ではなく愛発関が三関の一つであった。
The other two major barriers were Fuwa no seki (Fuwa Barrier), Suzuka no seki (Suzuka Barrier) and Arachi no seki (Arachi Barrier) instead of Osaka no seki being one of the three major barriers until the early Heian period.

また、京都に3箇所あった勧学院（学問研究所）の一つでもあり、古くから学問（論義）が盛んである。
Additionally, it is one of Kyoto's three Kangakuin (educational institutions) and has been a prominent center of learning since ancient times.

なお、唐招提寺の講堂（国宝）は平城宮朝堂院にあった建物の一つである東朝集殿を移築したものである。
The Kodo Hall of Toshodai-ji Temple (a National Treasure) is the Higashi Choshuden (government workers' building), one of the relocated buildings from Chodo-in in Heijo-kyu Palace.

慶州李氏と同じく、新羅建国時の新羅六部の一つ沙梁部の村長だった蘇伐都利（崔淵源）を始祖と称する。
Just as the Gyeongju Ri clan, they claim 蘇伐都利 (Yeonweon CHOE), the village mayor of 沙梁部, one of the Silla-Yukbu at the time of establishment of Silla, as their originator.

外戚の閔氏一族や清に実権を握られ、何一つ思い通りにいかない高宗もこの近代化政策の実行を快諾した。
As things did not go his way with the Min family who were his maternal relatives and Qing at the helm, Gojong readily accepted this measures for modernization.
Gao Zong, whose power was taken by his maternal relatives of Min family and China and could not do as he wanted, approved the implementation of the modernization policy.

四方髪（よもがみ）とは、忍者が用いる忍術の一つで、自分の身を守るために、複数の人物に化けること。
Yomogami is one of ninjutsu (ninja art) used by ninja, disguising himself as multiple persons in order to save himself.

また、神武天皇から昭和天皇に至るまで、歴代天皇は皆、皇居の宮中三殿の一つの皇霊殿に祀られている。
In addition, all successive emperors are enshrined in one of the Three Shrines in the Imperial Court of the Imperial Palace called Korei-den (the Imperial Ancestors' Shrine).

足利尊氏に仕えた佐々木道誉（京極高氏）の活躍により室町時代は守護大名、四職の一つとして繁栄した。
The great success of Doyo SASAKI (Takauji KYOGOKU) who served Takauji ASHIKAGA, brought prosperity during the Muromachi period as Shugo Daimyo (Japanese territorial lord as provincial constable) and one of Shishiki (Four major feudal lords who worked for Muromachi bakufu).

- 日本は、スイスの鉄道等一部の国には劣るものの、世界で最も綿密な鉄道網を有する国の一つである。
Japan is one of the countries that has the best thought-out railway network in the world, if not as good as some countries like Switzerland.

室町時代に守護大名、四職の一つとして繁栄した近江源氏の流れをくむ京極家当主京極高次の正室である。
She was a legal wife of Takatsugu KYOGOKU, the head of Kyogoku family which was descended from Omi-Genji (Minamoto clan) and thrived in the Muromachi period as a military governor and one of the Four major feudal lords who worked for Muromachi Shogunate Government.

曼殊院道（まんしゅいんみち）は京都市左京区の東西の通りの一つで、川端通から東へ曼殊院門前に至る。
Manshuin-michi is a street running east-west in Sakyo Ward in Kyoto City and runs eastward from Kawabata-dori Street to the gates of Manshu-in Temple.

清少納言の『枕草子』、鴨長明の『方丈記』と合わせて日本三大一覧歴史・風刺の一つと評価されている。
It is valued as one of the Japan Three Majors Lists, Histories and Satires, along with 'Makura no soshi' (the Pillow Book) by Sei Shonagon and 'Hojoki' (An Account of My Hut) by KAMO no Chomei.

中国で誕生した環濠集落は、農耕文化の重要な要素の一つとして、朝鮮半島を経由して日本列島に伝来した。
Originating in China, moat settlement was transmitted to Japan through the Korean Peninsula as one of the important elements of agricultural culture.

もう一つは、刃を鋭くするため、また儀式に使用するために磨き上げた磨製石器（ませいせっき）とがある。
Another group is consisted of Masei-sekki (ground stoneware) which were made up through a grinding process in order to sharpen edges or to be used for ritual purposes.

伝統的な南下政策がこの戦争の動機の一つであったロシア帝国は、この敗北を期に極東への南下を断念した。
Although the Russian Empire's entry into the war was motivated by its traditional policy of southward expansion, this defeat prompted it to abandon this policy in the Far East.

ただ一つ注意せねばならないのは、こうした新造語がそのまま中国に定着したのではないということである。
One thins we have to note is that such newly created words settled down in China as they were.

これは『徳川実紀』にも書かれているが、近年では反対派による中傷の一つで根拠は無いとも言われている。
This was written in 'Tokugawa jikki' (The True Tokugawa Records), but it has been recently said that this was one of insinuations made by the opposing party.

平氏（へいし、たいらうじ）は、皇族が臣下に下る際に賜るカバネの一つ、「平朝臣」を姓とする臣籍降下。
The family name of the Taira clan was derived from 'TAIRA no Ason,' which was one of the official titles given to a member of the Imperial Family if they became vassals.

卜部氏は古代の祭祀貴族の一つで、占い卜（ぼく）（ぼくせん）による吉凶判断を業としていた氏族である。
The Urabe clan was one of saishikizoku (nobles in charge of religious rites) in the old time and had been engaged in making judgment on fortune by divining.

このため、結果として保元の乱の後もその家格を維持し、実行の後裔は清華家の一つ三条家として繁栄した。
As a result, the family status was maintained after the Hogen War and Saneyuki's descendants flourished as the Sanjo family which was one of the Seiga family (one of the highest court noble families in Japan at that time).

一つの写本でも巻によって校合の対象にしたりしなかったりすることがあるが、その基準は明らかではない。
Some volumes of the same manuscript were sometimes used for collation and sometimes not, and a criterion is not clear.

自ら投げ網で魚をとるのは薩摩の下級武士の生活を支える手段の一つであるので、少年時代からやっていた。
Fishing with a throwing net was one of the ways to support samurai in the lower grade's life in Satsuma, so had done that since he was young boy.

黄表紙（きびょうし）は江戸時代中期の1775年以降に流行した草双紙（一種の絵本）のジャンルの一つ。
Kibyoshi is one of the genres of kusazoshi (illustrated story books) which was popular after 1775, the mid-Edo period.

この条文前半は、三条太政大臣が譲歩すべきではないとした訓示の一つであったが、朝鮮側の反対はなかった。
The first half of this provision was one of the instructions given by the Grand Minister Sanjo who insisted not to compromise, but Korea did not oppose it.

いわゆる地方三新法の一つとして、1878年7月22日、太政官布告・太政官達第17号として制定された。
This law, one of the so-called three new bills related to the local government system, was enacted as Dajokan Fukoku or Tasshi (Edict or Proclamation of the Grand Council of State) No. 17 in July 22, 1878.

また、最近では伊邪那美神陵伝説地の一つである安来市伯太町からも経塚鼻遺跡が発掘され話題を呼んでいる。
The recent discovery of Kyozukabana remains in Hakuta-cho, Yasugi City, a land where legend holds that Izanami no kami was buried, was an event which drew wide public attention.

それまで日本は幕藩体制の中でバラバラの状況であり、一つの国家と国民という結びつきが出来ていなかった。
Until then, Japan had been divided into many domains due to the feudal system characteristic of the shogunate, and had not been regarded as a unitary nation of united people.

親藩（しんぱん）は、江戸時代の藩の分類の一つで、徳川家康の男系男子・子孫が始祖となっている藩を指す。
Shinpan is one of the classifications of clans during the Edo period, that distinguished the clans forefathers as male descendants through a line of males from Ieyasu TOKUGAWA.

簒奪の為の準備の一つであるとの説がある（ただし、貿易の利便性を高める為、冊封を受けたとの説もある）。
There is a theory that says this was in preparation for usurpation (another theory says that sakuho was received in order to enhance convenience of trading).

この転換を断行・あるいは企図したために、藩政が混乱して、お家騒動の背景の一つとなることもよくあった。
Decisive action or proposition of this change often created a disturbance of the domain duties, contributing to the internal squabbles (over headship rights) in a daimyo family.

豊原氏は代表的な三方楽所楽家の一つであり、時秋の祖父豊原時光、父の時元とも笙の大家として名高かった。
The Toyohara clan represented one of the Raku families of Sanpo gakuso (organization of transmission of gagaku, ancient court music), and Tokiaki's grandfather Tokimitsu TOYOHARA and father Tokimoto were famous as the great masters of Sho (traditional Japanese wind instrument resembling panpipes).

柱が三本で三正面、上からの形は三角形となっている鳥居は珍しい存在であり京都三鳥居の一つとされている。
This extremely rare type of torii has three legs, three faces, is triangular in shape when viewed from above and is considered to be one of the three great torii of Kyoto.

三条家は藤原北家の藤原師輔の十二男藤原公季の子孫、藤原実行を祖とする清華家の一つで、極官は太政大臣。
The Sanjo family was one of the Seiga families (highest court noble families in Japan at that time) with FUJIWARA no Saneyuki as an ancestor, who was a descendent of FUJIWARA no Kinsue, the 12th son of FUJIWARA no Morosuke from the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan, and the highest rank Kinyori SANJO attained in his life was Daijo-daijin (Grand minister of state).

また、一つに自らが救われたいと思う心の真実、二つに人を悟りに向かわせたいと思う心の真実をさしている。
It also means, first of all, the sincerity of the mind that wishes oneself to be delivered, and second of all, the sincerity of the mind that wishes for other people to aim for enlightenment.

地方三新法の一つである郡区町村編制法（明治11年太政官布告第17号）が制定されたことにより廃止された。
The daiku-shoku system was abolished when the Act for the alignment of local government system (No. 17 edict of Dajokan [Grand Council of state]), one of the three new laws related to the local government system, was enforced in 1878.

日本で12箇所の安土桃山時代から江戸時代に建造された天守が現存する城郭の一つ（現存天守現存12天守）。
It is one of the twelve castles that have existing tenshu (called juni genzon tenshu) built from the Azuchi-Momoyama through the Edo Period.

これらの事実は、律令施行があたかも一つの王朝の創始（または国家建設）に擬せられていたことを表している。
All of these things show that the enforcement of the Ritsuryo was likened to the founding of a dynasty (or the establishment of a country).

瀬戸内海はまだ存在しておらず、本州、四国、九州、種子島、屋久島、対馬列島は一つの大きな島となっていた。
The Seto Inland Sea didn't exist yet and Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Tanegashima Island, Yakushima Island, and Tsushima Island were connected and existed as one big island.

この時吉元は徳山家中の身分に応じて引越料を支給し、立ち退きの終了した旧徳山藩領を一つの行政区画とした。
At this occasion, Yoshimoto paid each retainer of the Tokuyama family the moving expenses depending on their status, and handled the area of the former Tokuyama domain as an administrative area.

その後、仮名垣魯文が脚色したものが一般に広まり、電報の利用方法や有用性が広まるきっかけの一つになった。
Later, the telegram text adapted by Robun KANAGAKI became widely known to the public, leading to the widespread recognition of how to use telegraph and its usefulness.

五保制（ごほうせい・五保の制）は、天智天皇が大化の改新の後、唐の律令制から導入したものの一つである。
Goho-sei System is one of those introduced from the ritsuryo system of the Tang Dynasty by the Emperor Tenji after the Taika Reforms.

これは五経の一つである礼記の王制篇に『王者之制禄爵　公候伯子男　凡五等』とあるのにならったものである。
This was based on the description in the king system part of Raiki (Book of Rites), one of Gokyo (Five Classics), that 'The salary and title in the king's system is commonly classified into five ranks including Ko (公), Ko (候), Haku, Shi, Dan.'

安土桃山時代に実施された太閤検地により、一つの土地に対する重層的な支配・権利関係がほぼ全て解消された。
As a result of the Taiko kenchi (the nationwide land survey done by Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI) carried out in the Azuchi-Momoyama period, the complicated pattern of control and rights over the land were almost entirely dissolved.

また古注の一つである『紫明抄』には、この巻の内容はどこかに密かに残されているとの伝承が伝えられている。
Also, 'Shimeisho' (Purple Light Commentary), one of the old commentaries, has an oral story that the contents of this chapter still survive somewhere in secret.

火は兵士の生活・公道上の単位で、補給の最小単位で、おそらく一つの火で十人分の食事を作ったことに由来する。
Ka' refers to a minimum unit of supply in the soldier's living and right path, and probably originated from the event that meals for 10 soldiers were made with 1 fire.

臣（おみ）は、ヤマト王権で使われていたカバネ（かばね）の一つで、姓の中では連と並んで高位に位置していた。
Omi was one of kabane used in the Yamato sovereignty and denoted the highest ranked title along with Muraji.

一つは、ごく限られた場面以外に外国との交流を断ったことで、日本独自の文化を形成できたとする肯定的なもの。
One evaluation of 'national isolation' argues that, outside of exceptional cases, severing relations with foreign countries let Japan form its original culture.

萩の乱（はぎのらん）は、1876年（明治9）に山口県萩市で起こった明治政府に対する士族反乱の一つである。
Hagi-no-ran War (turmoil of dissatisfied warriors at Hagi) was one of Shizoku no hanrans (rebellion by family or person with samurai ancestors) against Meiji government broke out in Hagi City, Yamaguchi Prefecture in 1876.

「江北記」には根本被官として今井、河毛、赤尾、安養寺、三田村氏ら12氏のうちの一つとして列記されている。
In a military epic 'Kohokuki,' its name appears as one of the 12 clans of konpon hikan (primal vassals), in which such clans as the Imai, the Kawake, the Akao, the Anyoji and the Mitamura were also included.

また、ここは平安京外部の穢れから平安京を防禦し、中で生じた穢れを排除する地として四堺の一つに規定された。
This place was designated as one of Shisakai (four boundaries) to prevent unclean influences from outside from entering the Capital of Heian-kyo and to rid the capital of filth generated from within.

京都中心部の三条から四条あたりにかけては京都の歓楽街の一つとなっており、またサクラの名所ともなっている。
The basin of the river from central Kyoto to Sanjo and Shijo is one of Kyoto's amusement areas and a famous cherry blossom viewing spot.

高詮の代に、京極氏は四職の一つとなり、以後の当主は江北、出雲、隠岐、飛騨を領し、侍所司を務める事となる。
In the generation of Takaakira, the Kyogoku clan became one of the Shishiki, and thereafter the family head governed Gohoku, north of lake, Izumo, Oki, and Hida, and took the position of Samurai-dokoro no tsukasa.

中世日本の荘園公領制では、一つの土地に対して、複数の主体がそれぞれ各自の権利を有することが一般的だった。
Under the shoen koryo sei (social structure of the manorial public territory system) in medieval Japan, it was common for two or more parties to have joint ownership to a piece of land.

海津大崎（かいづおおさき）は滋賀県高島市マキノ町にある、琵琶湖にせり出した岩礁地帯で、琵琶湖八景の一つ。
Kaizu-osaki is a shore reef area jutting out into Lake Biwa located in Makino-cho, Takashima City, Shiga Prefecture and it is one of Biwako Hakkei (Eight Views of Lake Biwa).

北陸新幹線の敦賀駅以南（以西）の計画案の一つとして湖西線を改軌しミニ新幹線で運行しようという構想もある。
As part of the plan of Tsuruga Station and other south (west) of Tsuruga of the Hokuriku Shinkansen, there is an idea to modify the Kosei Line so that it can operate as a mini-Shinkansen.

よって朝倉孝景 (10代当主)と区別するために代表的な名乗りの一つである「朝倉敏景」と表記する事がある。
Thus, in order to distinguish him from Takakage ASAKURA (the tenth head of the family), he may be described using one of his representative names 'Toshikage ASAKURA.'

なお、良実は居所を二条京極第に置いたことから、良実から始まる系統は二条家として五摂家の一つに数えられた。
Since Yoshizane was located in Nijo-Kyogoku-tei, the ancestry which evolved from Yoshizane and came to be named the Nijo family was counted among the go-sekke.

これは「一つの教会に留まらずに自由に伝道を行える者」として正規の牧師職の代わりに与えられた立場であった。
This position was given as a replacement for official priesthood as 'the person who freely does missionary work without having to stay in one church.'

この京都学生祭典は毎年10万人以上の観客動員数を記録しており、京都を代表する大きな祭の一つとなっている。
Every year, the Kyoto Intercollegiate Festa records the spectator numbers in excess of 100,000 and is one of the most representative big festivals of Kyoto.

政子は山木の邸へ輿入れさせられようとするが、屋敷を抜け出した政子は山を一つ越え、頼朝の元へ走ったという。
Refusing to be forced into a marriage with YAMAKI, Masako is said to have walked over a mountain to escape to Yoritomo.

桓武天皇が、平城京から長岡京へ遷都を決めた理由の一つに、平城京の地理的条件と用水インフラへ不便さにあった。
Two main reasons Emperor Kanmu decided to transfer the capital from Heijo-kyo to Nagaoka-kyo were the geographical location of Heijo-kyo and its inconvenient water infrastructure.

それは安土城の姿を知る決め手の一つと考えられ、現在に至るまで捜索が行われているが、未だに発見されていない。
Regarded as the critical evidence to know the appearance of Azuchi-jo Castle, the folding screen has been searched, but not yet discovered.

また山崎駅 (京都府)前の妙喜庵には千利休の現存する二例の茶室作例の一つである茶室待庵（国宝）が現存する。
The Myokian Temple in front of Yamazaki Station (Kyoto Prefecture) holds the tea ceremony house called 'Taian' (a national treasure), one of the two existing tea ceremony houses designed by SEN no Rikyu.

宮内庁（くないちょう、英訳名Imperial Household Agency）は、日本の行政機関の一つ。
The Imperial Household Agency (called Kunai-cho in Japanese) is one of the administrative agencies in Japan.

このとき設定された名代部の一つが火葦北国（ひのあしきたのくに。熊本県八代・葦北地方）であるとする説がある。
It was said that at this same time, Hinoashikita no Kuni (Yatsushiro and Ashikita County, Kumamoto Prefecture), being one of those same Nashirobe, was established.

世界的には、ヨーロッパのイネ科花粉症・北アメリカのブタクサ花粉症と並んで世界三大花粉症の一つとなっている。
Along with European poaceous pollen hay fever and North American ragweed pollen hay fever, it is one of the three most prevalent forms of pollinosis worldwide.

また、陰陽道や古神道の一つといわれるいざなぎ流が伝わる地域としても有名なほか、平家の落人伝説も残っている。
It is also known for keeping tradition of Izanagi-ryu, a form of Onmyodo (way of Yin and Yang; occult divination system based on the Taoist theory of the five elements) and/or Koshinto (as practiced prior to the introduction of Confucianism and Buddhism to Japan), as well as folklore of fleeing Heike warriors.

特に大上臈は仙洞（上皇御所）および執柄家（摂関家）におかれた女房（豊臣は摂関家の一つと捉えられていた。）。
In particular, 'dai-joro' refers to court ladies of higher ranks who served in the Sento Palace (the Palace for a Retired Emperor) or for Shippei-ke, or Sekkan-ke (the families which produced regents [the Toyotomi clan was considered one of Sekkan-ke at that time.])

また尼崎～谷川間が大都市近郊区間に含まれ、JR宝塚線の区間はアーバンネットワークの路線の一つとなっている。
As the line between Amagasaki Station and Tanikawa Station runs through an urban neighborhood, the JR Takarazuka Line portion of the Fukuchiyama Line is one of JR West's Urban Network lines.

不退院(ふたいいん)は中世（1400年～1600年代）において同宗派の三河十二本寺の一つとして栄えていた。
In the medieval period (1400 - 1600), the Futai-in Temple prospered as one of the Mikawa junihon-dera Temples (twelve temples in the Jodoshu nishiyama fukasusa-ha sect in the Mikawa Province) in the sect.

平安時代には、既に太子信仰と如意輪観音の霊験で知られ、貴賎男女の参篭が続き、洛陽七観音の一つとして栄えた。
By the Heian period, Choho-ji Temple was already known for Taishi shinko (Prince Shotoku worship) and miraculous virtue of Nyoirin Kannon, with both men and women from all classes of society confining themselves to the temple for worship and the statue being made one of the seven Kannon of Kyoto.

祝詞の一つである「大祓詞」の中では「大倭日高見国（おほやまとひたかみのくに）」が日本の別名として登場する。
In one norito (Shinto ritual prayer) 'Oharae no kotoba,' Ohoyamatohitakami no kuni appears as another name of Japan.

貴族社会の崩壊、武士の台頭という混乱の中で芸術至上的な傾向を示し、平安時代末期の和歌を一つの高みに導いた。
It shows a tendency toward the principle of art for art's sake in the destruction of the aristocracy and the rise of samurai warriors, elevating the status of waka in the late Heian period.

田荘（たどころ）とは古墳時代に設けられた土地や人民の支配制度の一つで、豪族たちが支配した私有地のことを指す。
Tadokoro was one of the systems that were established during the Kofun period (tumulus period) to control people and land, which also referred to the private property controlled by Gozoku (local ruling family).

これは、「開国」と「攘夷」という相反する対外思想が「討幕」という一つの行動目的へと収斂される可能性を生んだ。
This created the possibility for the conflicting principles of opening the country and expelling foreigners to converge toward the goal of attacking the shogunate.

啓蒙の目的の一つは民衆の無気力・権力への卑屈さを克服することにあるが、それらは専制政府によってもたらされる。
One of the aims of enlightenment was to overcome people's spiritless and abjection to power, which were delivered by autocratic government.'

明治2年7月8日 (旧暦)（1869年8月15日）、太政官に設置された省庁の一つで、国内行政を管轄していた。
Minbu-sho was one of the ministries established in the Daijokan on August 15, 1869, administering the domestic and administrative affairs.

近江源氏と呼ばれた佐々木氏の四家に分かれた家のうちの一つで、鎌倉時代より守護として南近江一帯を支配していた。
The Rokkaku clan is one of four branch families of the Sasaki clan called Omi-Genji (Omi Gen clan), and had ruled the entire area of Minami Omi as the shugo (guard) since the Kamakura era.

日本国皇帝（にほんこくこうてい）は昭和前期まで用いられていた天皇の称号の一つ、主として外交分野で使用された。
Nihonkoku Kotei is one of the titles of the Emperor of Japan that had been used up to early Showa period and was mainly used in diplomatic domain.

中世日朝貿易は制限貿易であり、貿易へ新規参入もしくは拡大を図る者にとって、偽使は一つの有力な選択肢であった。
Since the Medieval Japan-Korea trade was limited trade, for those who sought to open up or expand their trade, the pseudo envoy was an effective option.

10世紀から11世紀にかけて、貴族社会において特定の家系が一つの官司を世襲する「官司の家業化」が急速に進展。
From the 10th to the 11th century 'the hereditary governmental offices' which were transmitted among certain families in the aristocratic society developed rapidly.

もう一つは、それに不服の者については頼朝へ連絡し「沙汰」させる、というものである。（詳細は上記内容を参照）。
The other was to notify Yoritomo and have him execute 'sata' on anyone who objected to the first subject (for details, please refer to the above contents).

また、日本の標準年輪曲線は一つの研究グループによって作成されているために、独立した検証が不十分なためである。
Sufficient independent verifications also can't be done because assessment of the average annual growth rings in trees is made by just one research group in Japan.

駅のすぐ北西に広隆寺があり、楼門前の併用軌道を横切る電車の姿は京福電鉄（嵐電）沿線のハイライトの一つである。
With Koryu-ji Temple located immediately northwest of this station, the sight of a tram running on the tramway laid on the road in front of the two-story gate is a highlight of riding a tram on the (Randen) line of the Keifuku Electric Railroad.

主にこの時期の忠実の談話を仲行が筆録した『富家語』は、有職故実などを現代に伝える史料の一つとして貴重である。
'Fukego,' a collection of the sayings of FUJIWARA no Tadamitsu, a record of discourse of Tadazane mainly during this period, is important as historical material about Yusoku kojitsu (court and samurai rules of ceremony and etiquette) still practiced to this day.

明治末の京都市の三大事業の一つとして拡幅と市電の敷設が行われ、北大路通から三条は京都市電千本線が通っていた。
During the late Meiji period, as part of three major reconstruction projects in Kyoto City, the widening of streets and the construction of the City Trams were carried out, and the Senbon Line of Kyoto City Trams ran on the street between Kitaoji-dori Street and Sanjo.

一つの巻が複数の巻に分けられた時などにその分けられた巻をもとの巻の並びの巻と呼ぶとする説（寺本直彦などの説）
The opinion that when one chapter was divided into several chapters, the divided chapters were called narabi no maki for the original chapter (advocated by Naohiko TERAMOTO and others).

源氏・平氏・藤・橘氏のいわゆる四姓の一つであり、藤原氏はその筆頭名門氏族であり、藤氏（とうし）とも略称した。
Fujiwara is one of the four major family names (Minamoto, Taira, To (or Fujiwara) and Tachibana), and the Fujiwara family, also known as the To clan, was the earliest member of the Fujiwara clan.

左内はこれを聞いて、ひごろの疑問が解決したことを喜び、もう一つ、これからの世の勢力の動きについて翁に尋ねた。
Sanai is pleased with his story because his long-held doubts have been dispelled, and he asks one more question about a movement of a power struggle in the future.

一つ目は、初出とされる推古紀16年9月の条の「東の天皇、敬みて西の皇帝に白す。」であるとする従来の通説である。
One is a traditional popular theory that the notation of tenno first appeared in the October 608 article in the Suiko section as 'higashi no tenno tsutsushimite nishi no tenno ni mosu' (the emperor of the east respects the emperor of the west).

一つは信長・秀吉の天下統一事業に代表される、強大な権力者を頂点とする中央集権体制、いわば「タテの支配」である。
One was the centralized administrative framework in which an enormously powerful person was at the top such as Nobunaga and Hideyoshi's project to unify the country, what was called 'a vertical control.'

歴史家のアーノルド・J・トインビーは、「人類の歴史の奇跡の一つは、日本の明治以降の近代化である」と述べていた。
A historian Arnold J. Toynbee said, 'One of the miracles in human history is modernization of Japan since the Meiji period.'

平安時代には女房と呼ばれる高級女官が優れた宮廷文学（『源氏物語』もその一つ）を生み出した事はよく知られている。
It is well known that during the Heian period high ranking court ladies, called nyobo (court ladies), created an excellent form of court literature (for example, 'Genji Monogatari' [The Tale of Genji]).

国府の発掘は面積的に一つの都市を掘り出すのに等しいため、位置が確定しても全貌を完全に解明したことにはならない。
Considering the scale of Kokufu, its excavation amounts to excavating a whole city, therefore only identifying its location is insufficient to grasp all the details.

地域にある樫船神社の「樫」と、母体となった村の一つ・田能村の「田」を組み合わせて「樫田」の村名が名付けられた。
The village name 'Kashida' (written as '樫田') was named as the combination of 'kashi' (樫), the letter from the name of Kashifune-jinja shrine (樫船神社) in the area, and 'da' (田), the letter from the name of Tano Village (田能村) which was one of the villages to merge into Kashida Village.

京都府（きょうとふ、英語表記：Kyoto Prefecture）は、日本の都道府県の一つで、近畿地方に属する。
Kyoto Prefecture, a prefecture in Japan, belongs to the Kinki region.

この集落の中を貫く街道は、いわゆる鯖街道の一つとされ、京都と若狭国の中間地であり、多くの旅人が行き来していた。
The road running through this community was identified as what was known as one of Saba-kaido Roads situated midway between Kyoto and Wakasa Province where many travelers were seen coming and going.

更には太閤検地、刀狩、身分統制令、貨幣統一を達成して、これまで各地ばらばらであった日本の全てを一つにまとめた。
In addition, he achieved taiko kenchi (the cadastral surveys conducted by Hideyoshi), katanagari (disarmament of farmers), social status regulation edict, unification of currency, unifying everything in Japan which were different region by region.

この内の一つが「利便性の確保と高齢者対策の観点から、団地内の停留所間隔を100m毎にする」と言う提案であった。
One of the proposals to be carried out was 'to keep the distance of each bus stop as 100m within the housing complex area, considering the convenience and the accessibility by the advanced age residents of this area.'

新装版には、「新撰組永倉新八」の内容だけでなく、関係者の話や永倉の遺稿の一つ「同志連名記」なども収録された。
The new format contains not only 'Shinsengumi Nagakura Shinpachi' but also the stories by people involved, one of posthumous writings of Nagakura 'Doshi Renmeiki', and so forth.

『源氏物語』は、このいわゆる「意識の流れ」に近い文体を持っており、これが正当な評価を獲得した一つの理由である。
'The Tale of Genji' has a style similar to so-called 'stream of consciousness,' which was a contributing factor in its wider acceptance and high reputation.

日本は候補の一つとして文川市郡松田里を強く推したが、その地は王陵（王家の墓地）があるために朝鮮側が難色を示した。
Japan insisted that Songjon Village in Munchon City should be one of the possible sites, but Korea were reluctant because there was a royal tomb.

神風連の乱（しんぷうれんのらん）は、1876年（明治9）に熊本市で起こった明治政府に対する士族反乱の一つである。
The Shimpuren-no-ran War is a revolt by the warrior class against the Meiji Government which took place in Kumamoto City in 1876.

その欠片の一部は市内の公民館敷地内に保存されたとはいえ、戦争当時の様子を伝えるものがまた一つ失われたともいえる。
Although part of the scraps have been conserved on the community hall premises, the removal of the airport also meant that one more item which represented the war was lost.

班田収授制は、日本の律令制の根幹制度の一つであり、律令が整備された飛鳥時代後期から平安時代前期にかけて行われた。
Handen Shuju-sei was one of the basic systems of the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) in Japan, adopted from the late Asuka period; when the Ritsuryo system was established, through the early Heian period.

神仏習合（しんぶつしゅうごう）とは、土着の信仰と仏教信仰を折衷して、一つの信仰体系として再構成（習合）すること。
Shinbutsu-shugo (syncretization of Shinto with Buddhism) refers to blending of indigenous belief and Buddhistic faith to reconfigure one belief system.

一つの土地の耕作者がその土地の唯一の権利者となり、土地の生産力は米の見込生産量である石高で計られることとなった。
The cultivator of the land was considered the only person who was entitled to own the land, and the productivity of the land was measured by kokudaka, an estimated amount of rice to be produced from the land.

以上が、全くバラバラのものであった、大仏造立と大養徳国金光明寺建立という二つの計画が一つになったあらましである。
The above is a summary of how two different projects of constructing the Great Buddha and building Kinkonmyo-ji Temple in Yamato Province were integrated into one big project.

宗達の代表作の一つだが、明治時代後半にアメリカ合衆国に輸出され、1960年代まであまり存在を知られていなかった。
Although it is one of Sotatsu's masterpieces, it was not widely known about until the 1960s because it was exported to the U.S. during the late Meiji Period.

そのため、同じひとりの人物を指し示す表現が巻によって、場合によっては一つの巻の中でも様々に異なっていことが多い。
That is why the characters' names often differ in the volumes where they are mentioned, or even in the same volume, characters are called by several different names.

このため現在ある諸写本を調べていけば何らかの一つの本文にたどり着くのかどうかさえ議論に決着がつかない状態である。
People therefore question whether, if some existent manuscripts are studied closely, a single text will be found out nor not.

なお、白鳳とは日本書紀に現れない元号（逸元号や私年号という）の一つである（しかし続日本紀には白鳳が記されている）。
In addition, Hakuho is one of the era names which do not appear in Chronicles of Japan (called 'Itsugango' or 'Shinengo') (However, Hakuo appears in Shoku Nihongi.)

真人（まひと）は、684年（天武13）に制定された八色の姓（やくさのかばね）の一つで、最高位の姓（かばね）である。
Mahito was one of the Yakusa no Kabane established in 684 and was top grade kabane.

瞬発式火縄銃（しゅんぱつしきひなわじゅう）は、火縄銃の点火方式の一つで、これを用いた銃は日本の火縄銃に代表される。
Instantaneous discharge matchlock is an ignition system for matchlock guns, which are represented by Japanese hinawa-ju (literally, fire rope gun).

この石刃技法は、ユーラシア大陸西部からアルタイ、シベリア経由で東方アジアに広がった革新的技術の一つとみられている。
The blade technique is considered as one of the innovative techniques that spread from the Eurasian continent to eastern Asia by way of Altai and Siberia.

律令制が弛緩する9・10世紀になると、大宰府官人、国司、郡司らは職分田を原資の一つとして、富の蓄積を行っていった。
By the 9th to 10th century the Ritsuryo system had become lax, and the officials of Dazaifu, Kokushi, Gunshi and others started to use shikibunden as principal to accumulate wealth.

いわゆる四姓、本姓の一つであり、平安時代中期まで代々公卿を輩出したが、その後は橘氏公卿が絶え、以後振るわなかった。
It is one of the so called 'Shisei' (four major family names particularly in the Heian period) and original names, and the clan had produced many Kugyo (high court nobles) for generations until the mid-Heian period, however, after that, the Tachibana clan stopped holding the position of Kugyo, and after that, the clan had lost its influence.

大正天皇は第三皇子であり、本来ならば明治天皇の直宮家の一つの当主であったが、二人の兄が夭折したため皇太子となった。
Emperor Taisho was the third Imperial prince and was supposed to be the head of one of Jikimiyakes, but became the Crown Prince because his two older brothers had died young.

荘園絵図を読み解くことは歴史地理学や地図学、歴史学における日本古代・中世史の研究手法の一つであり、研究主題である。
Close analysis of the shoenezu is not only one of the researching methods but also the subject of research for the ancient and medieval history of Japan in the category of historical geography, cartography and history.

室町時代（むろまちじだい、1336年 - 1573年）は、室町幕府が存在した時代を指す日本の歴史の時代区分の一つ。
The Muromachi period (1336-1573) is a period of Japanese history spanning the length of time the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was in existence.

内蔵寮の起源は律令制以前の三蔵、大蔵（おおくら）・内蔵（うちくら）・斎蔵（いみくら）の一つである内蔵にさかのぼる。
The origins of the Kuraryo can be traced to Uchikura, which is one of the Mitsunokura (Okura, Uchikura, and Imikura) that existed before the Ritsuryo system,

走行路線の一つである北近畿タンゴ鉄道宮福線沿線に聳え立つ大江山の鬼伝説から取って、その中の「赤鬼」にちなんでいる。
It was named after the 'red ogre' in an ogre-related legend surrounding the Oe-yama mountain range, which towers over the Miyafuku Line of Kitakinki Tango Railway Corporation, on which this train also runs.

走行路線の一つである北近畿タンゴ鉄道宮福線沿線に聳え立つ大江山の鬼伝説から取って、その中の「青鬼」にちなんでいる。
The color comes from 'Green Ogre' that, according to folklore, lived in the Oe-yama Mountain Range that rises above the KTR Miyafuku Line, on which Monju runs.

また、公家で歌人の三条西実隆の邸宅や摂関家の一つ近衛家に出入りし、1536年（天文5年）には連歌宗匠となっている。
He also went in and out of the residence of Sanetaka SANJONISHI, who was Kajin (poet of Japanese poems), and Kuge (Aristocrat), and the Konoe family, who was one of the Sekkan family (line of regents and advisors), and became Renga sosho (master poet) in 1536.

西園寺公望は清華家の一つ徳大寺家の次男として誕生し、4歳の時に、同族で清華家の西園寺家へ養子に入り家督を相続した。
Kinmochi SAIONJI was born as the second son of the Tokudaiji Family, which is one of the Seigake Families, but at the age of 4 he was adopted by the Saionji Family, which also belonged to the Seigake Family, and he took over as the head of the family.

それは、6世紀の終わり頃から8世紀初頭にかけて飛鳥に宮・都が置かれていた時代を指す日本の歴史の時代区分の一つである。
It overlaps with the last part of the Kofun Period (the Tumulus Period).

そのために、天皇を中心として国民を一つにまとめる反面、議会に力を持たせ、バランスの取れた憲法を制定する必要があった。
Therefore, the new constitution needed to make a power balance between the emperor and the diet by defining the emperor as the symbol to unite people and giving the powers to the diet.

唐制では皇太子関係の諸機関は半ば独立して一つの朝廷を形作っていたことから､春宮坊も形式的には諸官庁から独立している。
In the Tang Dynasty, each institution related with the Crown Prince was half independent and formed one Imperial Court and thus togubo was also independent from each authority in the form.

殿塚の方は高市皇子を祀ったものといわれていることから、もう一つの姫塚のほうに十市皇女が祀られていると考える人もいる。
In view of the fact that Tonozuka is said to have been dedicated to Prince Takechi, some think that Himezuka was dedicated to Tochi no Himemiko.

には「神社は国家の宗祀」との太政官布告が出され、には宮中祭祀について定めた皇室祭祀令が皇室令の一つとして制定された。
In 1871, the Grand Council of State declared that Shinto shrines should be enshrined by the nation, and the Koshitsu Saishi Rei (the Ordinance of the Imperial Household Religious Rites), which defined Court rituals, was enacted as one of the Imperial Household Orders in 1908.

財閥形成の過程として、片倉財閥の様に製糸業に注力するなど、一つの事業に集中して投資し、芋づる式に発展する場合が多い。
The typical process of forming a zaibatsu shows, as seen in an example of Katakura Zaibatsu, that entrepreneurs concentrate on a single business, such as the silk-reeling industry, and then expand the business through the imozuru system.

その理由として、一つは藤原秀衡と佐竹隆義に鎌倉を攻められる恐れ、二つは数万騎を率い入洛すれば京がもたないとしている。
One of the reason was that there was a risk of Kamakura being attacked by FUJIWARA no Hidehira and Takayoshi SATAKE, the other was that Kyoto would not hold such a large army.

高齢で任国へ赴く父との今生の別れの箇所は更級日記の中でも有名なシーンの一つである（実際には無事に生きて戻ってきた）。
The scene of the final farewell between the father being transferred to the assigned province and the family he was never to see again was one of the most famous scenes in Sarashina Nikki (although he safely returned home later).

特に第3次-第4次新思潮の同人菊池寛、芥川龍之介、久米正雄、松岡讓らを新思潮派といい、大正文学の一つの拠点になった。
In particular, the contributors to the third and fourth runs of Shinshicho such as Kan KIKUCHI, Ryunosuke AKUTAGAWA, Masao KUME and Yuzuru MATSUOKA were called the Shinshicho School, and became one of the bases for literature in the Taisho period.

日本の正史は、日本書紀はともかく、続日本紀以降は「むしろ一つの王朝の歴代の君主の統治記録としての性格」を持っていた。
Except for the first Rikkokushi (Nihon Shoki, The Chronicles of Japan), and the second (Shoku Nihongi, The Chronicles of Japan, Continued), all National Histories of Japan were concerned only with recording the reigns of each successive emperor.

朱雀（すざく・しゅじゃく、ピンイン）とは、中華人民共和国の伝説上の神獣（神鳥）で、四神（四獣・四象）・五行思想の一つ。
Suzaku (also known as Shujaku, or in Pinyin) is one of the legendary divine beasts (God Bird) of the People's Republic of China, and is one of the four gods (also known as the Four Beasts or the Four Phenomena) who rule over the four directions; it is also important in the Five Elements Theory.

弥生時代に新たに現れる土壙墓の形式の一つに、蓋を板石で覆う石蓋土壙墓があり、弥生時代後期に広く西日本全域で一般化する。
A hole-shaped grave with a stone lid was a type of a hole-shaped grave that emerged during the Yayoi period and it became widespread throughout western Japan at the end of the Yayoi period.

一揆（いっき）とは、日本において何らかの理由により心を共にした共同体が心と行動を一つにして目的を達成しようとすること。
The term 'ikki' refers to an attempt made by a community in Japan to achieve an objective when members of the community that share the same sentiment work closely together for a certain reason.

蝦夷「えみし」についての形式上最も古い言及は『日本書紀』神武東征記中に詠まれている来目歌の一つに愛濔詩として登場する。
The oldest record of Emishi in form is introduced in Kumeuta (a kind of poem) composed in a 'Nihon Shoki' (Chronicles of Japan) Jinmu tosei (story in Japanese myth about the first generation of the Imperial family) as an Aibishi.

東海道の京の出入口の部分は「京の七口」の一つの「粟田口」と呼ばれ、近くにある粟田神社は「旅立ちの神」として信仰された。
The entry and exit points of the Tokaido in Kyo was called 'Awataguchi,' which is one of the seven gates of Kyoto, and the nearby Awata-jinja Shrine was worshiped as a 'god of journeys.'

神護寺三像として知られる神護寺所蔵の肖像画の一つは藤原光能と伝わるが、近年は室町幕府の2代将軍足利義詮とする説がある。
One of the portraits known as the three portraits in Jingo-ji Temple is said to be a portrait of FUJIWARA no Mitsuyoshi, but there is recently a theory that the portrait is of the Second Shogun Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

日清戦争から始まって戊戌の変法の失敗、そして辛亥革命による清朝打倒に至る大きな流れの一つとしても位置づけることができる。
It could be positioned in one of big currents from the beginning of the Sino-Japanese War, through failure in the Hundred Days of Reform to the overthrow of the Qing dynasty by the Chinese revolution.

一つ目は、頼俊の遠征はその主張のように大成功し、津軽半島と下北半島までの本州全土を朝廷の支配下に置いたとするものである。
The first theory is that the expedition of Yoritoshi actually ended as a great success as he insisted, by conquering the regions from Tsugaru Peninsula to Shimokita Peninsula and expanding the ruling of the Imperial Court throughout the Honshu Island.

太田城はフロイスが「一つの市の如きもの」と表現したように、単なる軍事拠点ではなく町の周囲に水路を巡らした環濠集落である。
As Frois expressed it 'like one town,' Ota-jo Castle was not only a military base but also a town surrounded by a moat.

江戸時代（えどじだい、～、徳川時代とも）とは、江戸幕府によって日本が統治されていた時代を指す日本の歴史の時代区分の一つ。
The Edo period (also known as the Tokugawa period) refers to a period in Japanese history where Japan was governed by the Edo shogunate government.

京都守護職（きょうとしゅごしょく）は幕末に新たに設けられた江戸幕府の要職であり、政事総裁職・将軍後見職と並ぶ三役の一つ。
The Kyoto Shugoshoku (literally, 'office of the protector of Kyoto') was an important post in the Edo bakufu that was newly created at the end of the Edo period; it was one of the three key posts in the bakufu, the others being the Seiji-Sosaishoku (literally, 'political governor') and the Shogun-Kokenshoku (literally, 'guardian of the Shogun').

しかしその後も民間で後南朝の伝説や伝承は残り、貴種流離譚の一つとしてサンカに利用された可能性を滝川政次郎は指摘している。
Yet even after this point, legends and folklore about the Gonanch forces remained in existence among the common people, and Seijiro TAKIKAWA pointed out that one of the tales of wandering aristocrats among the Sanka (mountain folk of Japan) may have made use of the Gonancho stories.

信頼・成親は義朝とともに武装して出陣するが、源師仲は保身のため三種の神器の一つである内侍所（神鏡）を持ち出して逃亡した。
Nobuyori and Narichika joined Yoshitomo in taking up arms and marching out to battle, but MINAMOTO no Moronaka, in order to save his own life, took one of the three Imperial Regalia of Japan, the sacred Mirror, and fled.

『甲陽軍鑑』の中で信玄出家の理由の一つに、出家することで大僧正の地位を手に入れるといった目的もあったとの記述も見られる。
According to 'Koyo Gunka,' one reason that Shingen became a priest was that he intended to acquire the position of daisojo (a Buddhist priest of the highest order) after entering priesthood.

京の七口の一つとしてあげられることもある竹田口から、旧紀伊郡竹田村（京都市伏見区竹田）を通り、伏見港へとつながっていた。
It extended from the Takeda-guchi exit, which can be cited as one of the Seven Exits of Kyoto, to the Fushimi Port via the former Takeda-mura, Kii-gun (present day Takeda, Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City).

ヒット作が一つ生まれて順調になるが女性に夢中になっている間に、父が病気になって、急いで帰った時には手遅れになってしまう。
After the first big seller, my writing career became smooth sailing but, while I was infatuated with women, my father had fallen ill and when I rushed home, it was too late.

全二十巻であるが、首尾一貫した編集ではなく、何巻かずつ編集されてあったものを寄せ集めて一つの歌集にしたと考えられている。
It is thought that the 20 volumes of the Manyoshu were not edited as one unit, but rather smaller sets of volumes were edited consistently but separately, the sets being drawn together to form the whole.

奴婢（ぬひ）は、律令制における、良民（自由民）に対する賤民（自由のない民）の中の位置づけの一つであり、奴隷階級に相当する。
Nuhi refers to one of the positions of Senmin (unfree people) against Ryomin (free people) under the ritsuryo system (the system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), and was equivalent to a servile class.

立憲改進党（りっけんかいしんとう）は明治時代の自由民権運動の代表的政党の一つ（1882年4月16日－1896年3月1日）。
Rikken Kaishin-to or Constitutional Progressive Party (effective from April 16, 1882 to March 1, 1896) was one of the major political parties of Japan in the time of Freedom and People's Rights Movement in the Meiji period.

憲法学の学説の一つに、憲法の基本原則（国体）を変更する憲法改正は、法的に不可能であるとするものがある（憲法改正有限界説）。
One theory of studies of the constitution insisted that constitutional amendments which aim to modify the basic principles (national polity) of the constitution was legally impossible (the theory of limitation of constitutional amendment).

平群氏（へぐりし）は、武内宿禰の後裔と伝えられ、大和国平群郡平群郷（奈良県生駒郡平群町）を本拠地とした古代在地豪族の一つ。
The Heguri clan is said to be a descendant of TAKENOUCHI no Sukune and one of the ancient powerful local clans based in Heguri no go, Heguri County in Yamato Province (present Heguri Town, Ikoma County, Nara Prefecture).

当時の名物茶器は国一つと交換できるレベルの価値だったが、その中でも「初花」「新田」「楢柴」は天下の三大名器と言われている。
In those days, special tea bowls were so valuable that it was said one could exchange a single tea bowl for a whole province; in particular, 'Hatsuhana,' 'Nitta,' and 'Narashiba' were called the three most special tea bowls in the world.

成安氏は、征夷大将軍の大納言坂上田村麻呂の次男で平野の開発領主となった坂上広野の子孫といわれる平野氏の七名家の一つである。
The Nariyasu clan is one of the shichimeike (seven renowned families) of the Hirano clan which descended from SAKANOUE no Hirono, the feudal lord who developed Hirano who was the second son of dainagon (chief councilor of state) and shogun SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro.

寺地は藤原氏の邸宅の一つ九条邸があったところで、ここに藤原道長の孫藤原信長がいとなんだ九条堂（または九条院）を起源とする。
The temple site was formerly Kujo-tei, one of the estates of the Fujiwara clan, and temple originates from the Kujo-do Hall (or Kujo-in) that was operated by FUJIWARA no Michinaga's grandson FUJIWARA no Nobunaga.

和辻哲郎は、「大部分の作者である紫式部と誰かの加筆」といった形ではなく、「一つの流派を想定するべきではないか」としている。
Tetsuro WATSUJI claims that it isn't a matter that 'the tale was mostly written by Murasaki Shikibu and added by somebody else,' but 'we should assume it was written by one group.'

中世の土地支配権は近世のような「一つの土地に一人の領主」は確立されておらず、その支配体系も近世のものよりずっと複雑であった。
Sway over lands in the middle ages had not been evolved to 'one lord in one land' as in the Early-Modern period yet, and the swaying system was much more complicated than that of the Early-Modern ages.

日本神話に登場するものとしては、三種の神器の一つの八咫鏡や日像鏡・日矛鏡などがあり、鏡を神体として社に祀っていることがある。
There are Yata no Kagami (the sacred mirror of Yata), one of the Three Sacred Treasures of the Imperial Family, and Higata and Hiboko mirrors as the objects appearing in Japanese Myths, and some are enshrined in a shrine as a deity.

蔵前入用（くらまえにゅうよう）とは、江戸時代に江戸幕府直轄領（天領）に対してかけられた高掛三役と呼ばれる特別税のうちの一つ。
Kuramae nyuyo was one of the three major taxes called Takagakari Sanyaku that were imposed on the direct control territories of the Edo bakufu (Shogunal demesne) during Edo period.

1869年（明治2年）、前議定の蜂須賀茂韶らを天皇の相談役として京都御所内の部屋の一つ、麝香之間に隔日出仕させたのが始まり。
This license was established in 1869 when the Imperial Court summoned the former gijo (official post) Mochiaki HACHISUKA and some other members of the government to appear in Jako no ma of Kyoto Imperial Palace every other day as the advisers of the emperor.

江戸末期にも延喜・天暦の治を理想視する思想が明治維新の原動力の一つとなり、そうした考えは明治以降の皇国史観にも引き継がれた。
Also toward the end of the Edo period, the idealization of the Engi and Tenryaku eras became one of the drivers for the Meiji Restoration and this thought carried over into Kokoku Shikan (emperor-centered historiography which is based on state Shinto) after the Meiji period.

日本では、関東大都市圏に次ぐ規模を誇っており、三大都市圏あるいは七大都市圏の一つとされる一方、世界6～7位の大都市圏である。
In Japan, it boasts of a scale second only to the Kanto Metropolitan area, ranked as one of the three major metropolitan areas in the nation and also one of the seven largest, while in the world it is ranked as the 6th to 7th largest urban area.

「徳政」はその路線の上に推進された政策であり、徳政令はそうした政策の一つである（徳政≠徳政令）という事を留意する必要がある。
The 'Tokusei' (acts of Virtuous Government) was one of the policies that was promoted as part of this movement and it is necessary to understand that 'Tokusei' is not equivalent to the 'Tokuseirei' (ordering return of land sold and dissolution of debts).

江戸時代になり、事実上の首都が江戸に移ると、東海道は五街道の一つとされ、京都と江戸を結ぶ、日本の中で最も重要な街道となった。
In the beginning of the Edo period, when the administrative capital was transferred to Edo (Tokyo), the Tokaido was regarded as one of the five major highways and thus became the most important route linking Kyoto and Edo.

しかし、徳川御三家の一つである上、鳥羽・伏見の戦いで敗走した幕府将兵の多くが藩内に逃げ込んだため、新政府の討伐を受けかけた。
However, since he was from one of Tokugawa gosanke (three privileged branches of Tokugawa family), and shohei (officers and men) of bakufu who were routed in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi took refuge in his domain, he was nearly put down by the new government.

降って院政期に入ると、良門から8代後の藤原為房の一家が権勢を得て栄え、結果的に良門流は藤原北家を代表する一族の一つとなった。
Later in Insei period (a period of government by the retired Emperor), the family of FUJIWARA no Tamefusa, who was family head eight generations after Yoshikado, prospered by gaining power and became one of clans that represent the Northern House of the Fujiwara clan.

現在の能の源流である大和四座の一つ、秦河勝の子孫を称する金春座（円満井座）の大夫・金春宗筠（七郎元氏）の子として生を受ける。
He was a son of Soin KONPARU (also known as Shichiro Motouji), who served as Daibu (master) of Konparu-za troupe (also known as Enmai-za troupe), which was one of the Yamato-yoza (four sarugaku (form of theater popular in Japan during the 11th to 14th centuries) performance groups in the Yamato Province) that is the origin of the current Noh, who identified themselves as the descendants of HATA no Kawakatsu.

渋谷街道（しぶたにかいどう）、または渋谷通、渋谷越とは、東山 (京都府)を越え京（京都）と山科区を結ぶ京都市内の通りの一つ。
Shibutani kaido or Shibutani-dori Street, Shibutani-goe is one of the streets in Kyoto City which crosses Higashiyama (Kyoto Prefecture) and connects Kyo (Kyoto) and Yamashina Ward.

室町時代にはほぼすべての建物が間口を通りに向ける形になり、同じ通りの両側の地域が一つの「町」を形成するようになる（両側町）。
By the Muromachi period almost all houses were built facing a street, and thereby areas on both sides of a street began to constitute a 'machi' (Both-side town (Ryogawa machi)).

また梅原がいうように人麻呂が高官であったのなら、それが『続日本紀』などになに一つ残されていない点などに問題があるからである。
Also, if Hitomaro was as highly ranked an official as Umehara claimed, it is odd that nothing was recorded in documents such as the 'Shoku Nihongi'.

理由として、正史とは一つの王朝が滅びた後、次代の王朝に仕える人々が著すため、最後の君主などは実際以上に悪く書かれる傾向にある。
This is because seishi are often written by people in service to the dynasty of the time, and after earlier dynasties have come to an end, so there is a tendency to exaggerate the evils of the rulers of the preceding dynasty beyond what is attested in historical records.

諸国一宮の社名、祭神、鎮座地を記した史料は「一宮記」と呼ばれ同種の本が多数存在するが、『大日本国一宮記』はその内の一つである。
The historical materials, in which the names of Ichinomiya (high-ranking shrines of provinces), gods and locations are written, are generally called 'Ichinomiya-Ki'; that kind of material is not rare, and 'Dainihonkoku Ichinomiya-Ki' is one of those.

（もう一つの可能性としては、白村江の戦いでの敗北（663年）後に天智天皇が軍事制度・各種制度の改革を進めた時期が挙げられる。)
(Another possibility is that establishment of ekiden-sei was made during the time when the military system and other various systems were reformed by Emperor Tenchi after the defeat in the Battle of Hakusukinoe in 663).

一つは、古事記に記された、崇神天皇の弟日子坐王（ひこいますのみこ）が土蜘蛛陸耳御笠（くぐみみのみかさ）を退治したという話。
One legend in the Kojiki (Japan's ancient chronicle) holds that Emperor Sujin's brother Hikoimasuno-miko exterminated KUGUMIMI no Mikasa, a tsuchigumo (those in ancient times who were not subjects of the Yamato court).

刈田行為は、検断沙汰に含まれる以前は当時の社会で広く受容されていた自力救済慣行の一つとして認識されていたものと考えられている。
Before the karita act became subject to kendan-sata, it looks to have been recognized as one of self-defense remedial practices which were widely accepted in society at that time.

鎌倉時代（かまくらじだい、1185年頃-1333年）は、日本史で幕府が鎌倉に置かれていた時代を指す日本の歴史の時代区分の一つ。
The Kamakura period (1185-1333, called 'Kamakura jidai' in Japanese) describes one distinct period in Japanese history in which the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) was located in the city of Kamakura.

天正8年（1580年）の豊臣秀吉の鳥取城攻めの際、毛利氏に属し、気多郡気多郡 (鳥取県)の重要な拠点の一つ宮吉城を守っていた。
He was on the side of the Mori clan when Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI attacked Tottori-jo Castle in 1580, and he defended Miyayoshi-jo Castle, one of the important strongpoints of Keta County.

一つは「自宅からある場所までは普通のタクシーで行き、そこで大型のタクシーに乗り換え、他の客と一緒に空港に行く」パターンである。
One type is where customers take an ordinary taxi from home to a certain place and transfer to a full-size taxi and go to the airport with other passengers.

しかしこのときの和睦の条件の一つとして、武田氏が応仁の乱の最中に一色氏と戦って奪った丹後国の所領を返還せよという条件があった。
This reconciliation between them, however, was made based on some conditions, one of which was to return the fief of Tango Province that the Takeda clan had deprived the Isshiki clan of during the Onin War.

なお、この高架橋の北側には五山の送り火の一つである妙法の「妙」の字があるため、橋桁を二割薄くするなどの景観対策がとられている。
The letter of 'Myo' of Myoho which is one of the Gozan no Okuribi (Bonfires on Five Mountains) on the north side of this bridge, makes the bridge appear 20% thinner.

新撰組顛末記（しんせんぐみてんまつき）は、新撰組幹部の生き残り永倉新八による口述を記録した、新撰組を知る上で貴重な資料の一つ。
Shinsengumi Tenmatsuki was one of the valuable materials on Shinsengumi as an oral history material by Shinpachi NAGAKURA, one of the survivor, one of leading members of Shinsengumi.

兵村は形式においては一般の村と並ぶものではないが、集団で入って一つの規律に服したので、実際には村の中の独立した村として機能した。
Heison in their form were different from villages in general, and functioned as an independent village in a village because people entered it as a group and followed one discipline.

一つ、今般双方勝手合を以て離縁に及び、然る上は其の元儀、何方に縁組み致し候とも、私方に二心無く、これにより離別一札くだんの如し。
Hitotsu, konnpan sohokatteai wo motte rien ni oyobi, shikaruueha sonomotogi, izukata ni engumiitashisoro tomo, watakushikata ni futagokoronaku, koreniyori ribetsu issatsu kudan no gotoshi.

また、丹後海陸交通が運営する遊覧船が湾内を巡回しており、伊根町の観光名所の一つである伊根の舟屋の見物を目的に観光客が多く訪れる。
Also, there are pleasure boats operated by Tango Kairiku Kotsu Co., Ltd. that go around inside the bay, and there are many tourists who visit to see the Ine no Funaya Houses (houses built on the water's edge in Ine) which is one of the tourist (sightseeing) spots in Ine Town.

だが、人が寝静まった子一つの時（夜中の12時半ごろ）、女が女童を先に立たせ、女のことを思って眠れずにいた男の寝所までやってきた。
Yet around midnight when everyone was asleep, preceded by a little girl, she went to the chamber in which he was spending a sleepless night, thinking of her.

庭訓往来（ていきんおうらい）とは、往来物（往復の手紙）の形式をとる、寺子屋で習字や読本として使用された初級の教科書の一つである。
Written in an oraimono (exchange of letters) style, Teikin Orai was an elementary textbook used as a copybook and reader at Terakoya (temple elementary schools during the Edo period).

京都市交通局（きょうとしこうつうきょく）は、京都府京都市内及びその周辺地域で公営交通事業を行う京都市の地方公営企業の一つである。
The Kyoto City Transportation Bureau is a local public enterprise engaged in the provision of public transportation services in Kyoto City and its vicinity.

もう一つは石見、生野、佐渡金山などの天領にある銀山から上納される、公儀灰吹銀（こうぎはいふきぎん）（御銀）を預り丁銀に吹き立てた。
The other was the official minting with shogunate-property cupellated silver from shogunate-owned silver mines in Iwami, Ikuno and Sado Kinzan for minting Chogin silver.

道教（どうきょう、Dàojiào、英語 Taoism）は、中国三大宗教（三教と言い、儒教・中国の仏教・道教を指す）の一つである。
Dokyo is one of the Sankyo, (Japanese word translates as 'three religions'), the three great religions in China, including Confucianism, Chinese Buddhism and Dokyo.

国道沿いは深夜でも明るく、もはや幽霊の出る幕は何一つない状態となり、新しい住民の増加も伴って、前述の幽霊談義は過去のものとなった。
Since it is illuminated bright along the Keihan Kokudo (National Road) even late at night, there is no room for ghosts; besides, with the increase of new residents, ghost stories mentioned before have been completely gone.

当時は、一つの血統が倭国王位を継いだのではなく、複数の有力な豪族たちの間で倭国王位が継承されたとする考え（連合王権説）も見られる。
Back then, an idea stating that not only one blood line succeeded the throne of Wakoku, but the throne was succeeded in between plural powerful ruling families (theory of joint sovereignty) can also be seen.

住友友純の妻満寿の妹楢光の嫁いだ先が、三井十一家の一つ「三井永坂町家」の八代目当主、元三井物産社長三井高泰（守之助）に嫁いでいる。
In the Naramitsu Family, the younger sister of Masu was the wife of Motoito SUMITOMO, married Takayasu MITSUI (Morinosuke), who was the president of the former Mitsui & Co., Ltd., and the eighth-generation family head of the 'Mitsui-Nagasakacho Family,' which was one of the Eleven Families of Mitsui.

一つの備しか持つ事のできない大名と複数の備を編成できる大名では、特に後者の大名が直率する本陣備においてその構成に大きな違いがある。
There was a large difference between a daimyo who could have only one sonae and a daimyo who could organize multiple sonae in terms of sonae organization, particularly in the army headquarters sonae led directly by the latter daimyo.

相馬御厨（そうまみくりや）は現在の茨城県取手市、守谷市、千葉県柏市、流山市、我孫子市のあたりにあった中世の荘園寄進地系荘園の一つ。
Soma-mikuriya was one of the medieval shoen (manor in medieval Japan) holdings of the commendation type in areas that are today's Toride City and Moriya City, Ibaraki Prefecture, and Kashiwa City, Nagareyama City, and Abiko City, Chiba Prefecture.

金剛生駒紀泉国定公園内にあり、北の二上山 (奈良県・大阪府)、南の金剛山 (金剛山地)とともに連峰をなしている金剛山地の山の一つ。
This mountain is located in Kongo Ikoma Kisen Quasi-National Park, and is one of the mountains in Kongo mountainous district which forms a range of mountains together with Mt. Nijo in north (Nara Prefecture, Osaka Prefecture) and Kongo-san mountain in south (Kongo mountainous district).

11月、藍玉の高値に困っていた下関の白石正一郎に薩摩の藍玉_(染料)購入の斡旋をし、以後、白石宅は薩摩人の活動拠点の一つになった。
In November, he mediated the purchase of an indigo (dye) ball by Shoichiro SHIRAISHI of Satsuma, who was perplexed about high price of an indigo ball, after that, Shiraishi residence became one of the bases for Satsuma-jin (Satsuma citizens).

武蔵国は将軍によって国司が推挙される関東御分国（将軍家知行国）の一つであり、数多の武士団が存在し、鎌倉防衛の戦略上の要地であった。
The Musashi Province was one of the provincial territories that belonged to the Kamakura Bakufu where kokushi (provincial governors) were nominated by the shogun; many samurai groups existed there and it was strategically one of the most important locations for the defense of Kamakura.

元軍は大陸での野戦でも、騎馬兵の機動力を生かし、敵と一定の距離を保って馬上からの騎射で相手を損耗させる事を主な戦法の一つにしている。
Even in an open battle on the continent, one of the main tactics of the Yuan army was to damage the enemy by shooting arrows from horseback, maintaining certain distance from it and taking advantage of the mobility of the cavalry.

新渡戸を含めたキリスト者たちにとって日本の精神的土壌をどのように捉えるかは大きなテーマであり武士道はその内の検証の一つとされている。
For Christians including Nitobe, it was a major theme on how to think about the Japanese spiritual base and Bushido was simply a verification.

「三職推任問題」での信長の対応をみて、朝廷側が、信長は朝廷を滅ぼす意思を持っているのではないかと考えたことを根拠の一つとして挙げる。
One of grounds for this view is that the imperial court might consider that Nobunaga had an intention to overthrow the imperial court surmising from Nobunaga's response with respect to 'sanshokusuininnmonndai' (matters related to the Imperial Court's offer to Nobunaga to appoint him to Semi Daishogun, Daijo Daijin, or Kanpaku according to Nobunaga's wish).

一般に、キリスト教やイスラム教に見られる一つの聖地だけに巡礼する直線型と、インドや東洋で見られる複数の聖地を巡る回国型に分類される。
There is the direct type of pilgrimage seen in Christianity and Islam where a pilgrim visits only holy site, and the round-the-country type seen in India and Asia where a pilgrim visits several holy sites.

運行開始当初、「もみじSpecial」の運行に合わせて、秋の企画乗車券「もみじきっぷ」の一つとして、「宇治フリーきっぷ」を設定した。
When this service was started, in accordance with the operation of 'MOMIJI (maple) Special' Rapid, 'Uji Free Ticket' was launched as one of the special autumn ticket series known as 'MOMIJI (maple) Ticket.'

慶応4年（1868年）の鳥羽・伏見の戦い後、藩内が新政府に抗戦するか恭順するかで二分したとき、忠誠は藩論を一つにまとめられなかった。
After the Battle of Toba and Fushimi in 1868, the domain was divided over whether to rebel against or follow the new government and Tadazane could not unify the domain's opinion.

真宗教団連合（真宗十派）の一つ真宗大谷派の本山で、西本願寺（浄土真宗本願寺派の本山〈正式名称・本願寺〉）と並ぶ浄土真宗の本山である。
It is the head temple of the Otani sect, which is part of the Shinshu Kyodan Rengo (Ten Schools of Shin Buddhism), and also joins Nishi Hongan-ji temple (officially Hongan-ji temple, head temple of the Hongan-ji sect of Shin Buddhism), as one of the main temples of Shin Buddhism.

かつては南北方向の主要な通りの一つであり、今出川通から二条通にかけては京都電気鉄道（のちに買収され京都市電）の路面電車が走っていた。
The street was once the major north-south thoroughfare, and steetcars (which were operated by Kyoto Electric Railway and later purchased by Kyoto City Trams) ran from Imadegawa-dori Street to Nijo-dori Street.

一般的に弥生時代の遺跡では、2世紀にはいると北九州の優位性は失われるため、多くの考古学者が九州説に与し得ない理由の一つとなっている。
Since the predominance of northern Kyushu is generally vanishing in the 2nd century in remains during the Yayoi Period, this is one of the reasons why many archeologists can't agree with the Kyushu theory.

歌舞伎十八番の一つである演目『暫（しばらく）』には「鯰坊主」という悪役が登場し、主人公に対し地震を背景とした強がりを言う場面がある。
In 'Shibaraku' (Just a moment), which was one of kabuki's juhachiban (eighteen best plays of the Ichikawa family of kabuki actors), an akuyaku (villain's role) called 'namazu bozu' (namazu priest) appears, and there is a scene in which he puts on a bold front to the main character backed with an earthquake.

縫司（ぬいのつかさ）は、後宮十二司の一つで、衣服の裁縫、組紐を編むことをつかさどり、また女官の出仕・朝参のことを管理した役所を指す。
Nuinotsukasa was one of 12 offices in the Ladies Quarters, and responsible for sewing garments, braiding plaited cords, and also managed the court ladies' serving and entering the Imperial Court.

さらに同じく五大老の一人で家康と並ぶ政権の重鎮であった前田利家の死により対立を止める者が居なくなり、関ヶ原の戦いの要因の一つとなった。
As one of the prominent figures in the administration, Toshiie MAEDA who was also one of the Gotairo died around this time, and there was no one left to stop the contention, which led to the Battle of Sekigahara.

中国を再統一した隋の楊堅は、581年に開皇律令を公布したが、これは高度に体系化・整備された内容を持ち、律令の一つの完成形とされている。
Yan Jiang who reunited China as the Sui Dynasty, later proclaimed Kaihuang Luli in 581, which was considered to be one of the completed forms of Luli with highly developed and systematized contents.

文書の記録や発掘調査、および近江からの山中越と深坂越が一つになった後に設置されたとの推定から、近年の研究では敦賀市疋田が有力とされる。
Based on written records, excavation and research, and presumption that it was founded after Yamanakagoe (a local road) from Omi and Fukasakagoe (a mountain path separating Fukui Prefecture and Shiga Prefecture) were united, recent study shows that Hikida, Tsuruga City is the most likely location.

徳大寺公城らは、徳川幕府崩壊後の明治24年（1891年）に晴れて名誉回復を受け、各々の生前の最終官位から一つ上格の官位の追贈を受けた。
The impaired reputation of Kinmura TOKUDAIJI and others were restored by conferring their court ranks one step higher than their last ranks in their life time in 1891 after the collapse of the Tokugawa bakufu.

現代では主に日本の皇族にのみ使われるが、外国の皇族や王族に対する呼称、プリンスの訳語の一つとしても便宜上、親王が用いられることがある。
Presently, the term Shinno is only used mainly for the Japanese Imperial family, but is sometimes used as a name for foreign Imperial families or Royal families, or as one translation for the title Prince.

期待していた親類の細川幽斎、与力の筒井順慶ら近畿の有力大名の支持を得られなかったことが戦力不足につながり、敗因の一つであったと言える。
It can be said that one of causes of his defeat was that he did not have sufficient military strength caused by his failure to acquire support from powerful warlord in the Kinki area such as Yusai HOSOKAWA, who was his relative, and Junkei TSUTSUI, who was a yoriki (warlord attached to another) to Mitsuhide.

後鳥羽院が惟義を尊重した理由の一つに来るべき討幕の日のために歴戦の武将である惟義を味方に付けておきたいという思惑があったと考えられる。
One of the reason why Retired Emperor Gotoba gave Koreyoshi a preferential treatment might have been that the retired emperor wanted to win the experienced busho (Japanese military commander) Koreyoshi over to his side, thinking of the day in which he would overthrow the Shogunate.

加藤清正・福島正則などを中心とした豊臣政権内部の2つの派閥の一つで、石田三成・小西行長などの「文治派（文吏派とも）」と対比して呼ばれる。
This was one of the two factions in the Toyotomi government with Kiyomasa KATO and Masanori FUKUSHIMA, etc. taking a leading part, and it is often mentioned in contrast with the Bunchi-ha (also called the Bunri-ha) which was led by Mitsunari ISHIDA, Yukinaga KONISHI and others.

秋月の乱（あきづきのらん）は、1876年（明治9年）に福岡県秋月（現・福岡県朝倉市秋月）で起こった明治政府に対する士族反乱の一つである。
The Akizuki-no-ran War is a revolt by the warrior class against the Meiji Government which took place in Akizuki, Fukuoka Prefecture (currently Akizuki, Asakura City, Fukuoka Prefecture) in 1876.

太平洋戦争勃発の前から日本では軍需物資として重要品目の一つであるニッケルの国産化が目標に掲げられ、開発が行われ終戦頃まで採掘されていた。
From before the start of the Pacific War until the end of the war, the nickel mine was developed and dug to produce nickel as one of the important military materials in Japan domestically.

しかし、これらの荘園整理令に際し、公領と荘園を識別して一国平均役を課することを容易にするため、荘園を一つの領域に統合する措置が行われた。
However, following these orders, the government took measures to integrate shoen into one domain in an attempt to differentiate between koryo and shoen, facilitating the levy of Ikkoku heikinyaku.

荘園制を基礎にして発達した本所もその一つであるが、地方の行政組織の内部に発達してきた国衙法（こくが）ともいうべき慣習法もその一例である。
Honjo (proprietor or guarantor of the manor) which developed, based on the shoen system, is one example, as well as common law that can be referred to as Kokuga (provincial government headquarters) law, that developed within provincial governmental organizations.

「私」は気に入ってそのレモンを一つ買ったが、肺病で熱を帯びた手にその果実の冷たさはちょうど良く、それまでの不安が幾分か和むのに気がつく。
I' eagerly bought a lemon, finding the cold texture of the fruit comfortable for 'my' feverish hand and 'my' anxiety somewhat diminished.

その他、敗因はさまざまに語られるが、上記のとおり重複する点も含めて、日本軍が元軍の上陸前に船や陸上から攻撃を与えたことも要因の一つである。
Although various other reasons are considered to have led to the defeat, one of the reasons was the fact that the Japanese army attacked the Yuan army in boats or on shore, before it disembarked, including the attacks described above.

死罪（しざい）とは、江戸時代に庶民に科されていた6種類ある死刑のうちの一つで、斬首により命を絶ち、死骸を試し斬りにする斬首刑の刑罰のこと。
Shizai is one of the 6 types of capital punishment imposed on commoner criminals in the Edo Period, in which the criminal was beheaded and the corpse was used to test the sharpness of swords.

佐和山城は石田三成が改築した後は「三成に過ぎたるもの…」の一つともいわれたが、直政は、中世的な古い縄張りや三成の居城であったことを嫌った。
It was said that the castle was one of 'the too good things for Mitsunari' after the rebuilding by Mistunari ISHIDA, but Naomasa disliked its medieval nawabari (castle plan; general term for the layout of a castle and its component structures) and the fact that it had been Mitsunari's castle.

陽明は自らを含む万物はいわば一つの肉体であって、他者の苦しみは自らの苦しみであり、それを癒そうとするのは自然で、良知のなせるものだとした。
Wang Yangming considered that all things, including himself, formed one body so that the pains felt by others were his own pains and it was just natural to heal them; and that's all from 'ryochi'.

明治2年7月8日 (旧暦)（1869年8月15日）、太政官に設置された省庁の一つで、裁判や刑罰の執行、欧米の法令の翻訳などを管轄していた。
Gyobu-sho was one of the ministries established in Dajokan (Grand Council of State) on August 15, 1869, having authority over trials, execution of punishments, translation of laws and ordinances adopted in Western countries, etc.

奉公構（ほうこうかまい、ほうこうかまえ）は、江戸時代武士に対する刑の一つで、出奔した家臣又は改易された者に対し大名が出す回状のことをいう。
Hokokamai refers to a kind of punishment for samurai warriors during the Edo period, which was the circular letter that was issued to vassal deserters or forfeiters of rank by feudal lords.

その後、11世紀～13世紀ごろに荘園公領制が成立すると、荘園や国衙領の除田（じょでん、免税田を意味する）の一つとして寺田が位置づけられた。
Around the eleventh to the thirteenth century when shoen koryo sei (the system of public land and private estates) was established, jiden fields were dealt with in the same way as that for joden fields (fields for which tax was exempted) of manors or Kokugaryo (territories governed by provincial government offices).

村井章介は、この船は博多を拠点とする貿易商人が主体となったもので、東福寺や幕府は多くの荷主の中の一つに過ぎなかったのではないかと推測する。
Shosuke MURAI suggests that trading merchants based in Hakata were main sponsors for this ship and that Tofuku-ji Temple and the bakufu were only the shipper.

南は渡月橋北詰から北は嵯峨釈迦堂前（清凉寺仁王門前）まで、京都の景勝地の一つ嵐山の中心部を貫き、観光利用による交通量が人、車両ともに多い。
This street runs from the north end of Togetsu-kyo Bridge in the south to the front of Saga Shaka-do in the north (in front of Nio-mon Gate at Seiryo-ji Temple), and runs through the center of Arashiyama which is a picturesque place in Kyoto, and contains heavy traffic caused by sighseers.

この説は二つの柱を持ち、一つは光孝天皇の即位詔が、「皇位は天智が定めた法である」と読めることで、この文面では皇位継承法のこととは思われない。
This argument has two pillars; one is that it is difficult to think that this phrase is referring to an imperial succession code, because Emperor Koko's edict can be read as 'the Imperial Throne is the law instituted by Tenchi.'

皇室行事の中でも最も重要な儀式の一つであるが、後柏原天皇の時は皇室財政が逼迫しており、1500年に即位したにもかかわらず儀式を行えなかった。
Although it is one of the most important ceremonies among the Imperial-Family events, the ceremony of Emperor Gokashiwabara, who acceded to the throne in 1500, could not be held his due to the Imperial financial condition.

その後、11世紀から13世紀ごろに荘園公領制が成立すると、荘園や国衙領の除田（じょでん、免税田を意味する）の一つとして神田が位置づけられた。
After that, from the 11th century through the 13th century with the establishment of the Shoen koryo sei (The System of Public Lands and Private Estates), Shinden was positioned as one of Joden (tax-exempted rice fields) of Shoen or Kokuga (local government office)

その形式主義的な機構は、行政の慣行と経験に基づいて形づくられた武家法の官制といちじるしく相違しており、律令法の基本的特徴の一つをなしている。
Such a formalistic structure was markedly different from the rules on administrative organizations under samurai law, which were based on administrative practices and experiences, and is one of the basic features of ritsuryo law.

正長の土一揆（しょうちょうのつちいっき or しょうちょうのどいっき）は、1428年（正長元年）8月から9月に起きた、室町時代の一揆の一つ。
The peasants' uprising of the Shocho era was an uprising that occurred between August and September, 1428 in the Muromachi period.

織部は、利休の「人と違うことをせよ」という教えを忠実に実行し、利休の静謐さと対照的な動的で破調の美を確立させ、それを一つの流派に育て上げた。
Faithful to Rikyu's teaching that one should develop one's original style, Oribe established a style of dynamic 'aesthetic of discord' contrastive to the serene beauty of the style of Rikyu, and created a tea ceremony school based on his style.

『神道五部書』の一つの「豊受大神御鎮座本紀」によれば、崇神天皇の時代、天照大神が大和笠縫邑から与佐宮に移り、豊受大神から御饌物を受けていた。
According to 'Toyouke no Okami Gochinza Hongi', one of the 'Shinto Gobusho' (5 books of Shinto), Amaterasu Okami relocated to Yosanomiya from Yamato Kasanui no Mura during the reign of Emperor Sujin and received a sacred food offering from Toyouke no Okami.

多くの典籍を引用していることは本書の特徴の一つであるが、その大半が今日伝存せず、出典の明らかでない記事も当時の日記・記録によったと思われる。
One of the characteristics of this book is that it contains many quotations from other books ---although most of the quoted books don't exist now--- and some articles whose sources are unknown seem to have been based on the diaries and records in those days.

現在台湾の鉄道輸送に対する依存度は低下したが、しかし鉄道網の日本統治時代の鉄道路線をそのまま踏襲し、重要な輸送手段の一つとして使用されている。
Though dependence upon rail transportation is lower in Taiwan today, the railway lines built during the period of Japanese rule remained as they were and are used as one of the important means of transportation.

問題点の一つは、南東が高く北西が低い地形は、汚物を含む東南部からの排水が宮の周辺を流れることであり、また、都を囲む城壁や正門が存在しなかった。
One of the problems was that, since the terrain was high in the southeast and low in the northwest, the drain from the southeast part including filth flows into the area around the Imperial Palace; also there were neither walls that surrounded the capital nor front gate.

田部（たべ）とは、日本の古墳時代に設けられた土地や人民の支配制度の一つで、ヤマト王権が直接支配した人民のうち屯倉（みあけ）で耕作した方を指す。
Tabe was one of the systems that were established during the Kofun period (tumulus period) to control people and land, which also referred to people who cultivated miyake under the direct control of Yamato sovereignty (the ancient Japan sovereignty).

関ヶ原の合戦に勝利した徳川家康は幕府設立に先立ち、貨幣制度の整備を重要課題の一つとし、後藤庄三郎光次に全国流通を前提とした小判の鋳造を命じた。
Ieyasu TOKUGAWA, who had won the Battle of Sekigahara, made the improvement of currency system one of the most important tasks before the foundation of Bakufu, ordering Shosaburo Mitsutsugu GOTO to cast Koban which were supposed to be circulated across the country.

だが、当時の記録を見るともう一つの目的として公事方御定書にはない恩赦の法令を定める事によって同法の事実上の改正を意図していた事が知られている。
One more intention can be known by looking at the records of that time: by establishing a law on pardon, Abe intended to actually revise the law of the Edo Shogunate, the Kujigata-osadamegaki (literally, 'book of rules for public officials').

第九十五国立銀行（九十五銀行）→百三銀行、農商銀行、紀阪銀行、紀阪貯蓄銀行と改名した後1925年に山口銀行（三和銀行の前身の一つ）に合併される
The 95th National Bank (Kyujugo Bank) -> changed the name, from the Hyakusan Bank, the Nosho Bank, the Kihan Bank, to the Kihan Savings Bank, and then in 1925, merged into the Yamaguchi Bank (one of the predecessor of the Sanwa Bank).

「福知山市と大戦」を伝える重要な資料の一つであり付近住民の署名運動などの反対の声もあったが、農地整地のため2007年1月に取り壊しが行われた。
Since this airport was one of the important items representing 'Fukuchiyama City and the War,' people living around it objected to its removal through a signature campaign, but, it was demolished despite this in January 2007 to increase agricultural land.

阿倍は一つの場所に秋田郡・渟代二郡の蝦夷241人とその虜31人、津軽郡の蝦夷112人とその虜4人、胆振国の蝦夷20人を集めて饗応し禄を与える。
ABE gathered 241 Ezo people from Akita County and the two Nushiro counties and their 31 slaves, 112 Ezo people from Tsugaru County and their four slaves as well as 20 Ezo people from Iburi Province all in once place and entertained them and gave them salaries.

1331年の元弘の乱の際は、後醍醐天皇の綸旨が八条院領荘園に伝えられ、八条院（安楽寿院）領足利庄の足利尊氏の挙兵の契機の一つとなったとされる。
In the Genko Incident in 1331, Emperor Godaigo's edict was delivered across the shoen of the Hachijoin-ryo, and this is believed to have been one of the reasons Takauji ASHIKAGA in the Ashikaga-no-sho district in the territory of Hachijoin (the Anrakuju-in Temple) raised an army.

没後、娘の懿子が二条天皇の生母となったことから家運が開け、嫡男の経宗は左大臣にまで昇進、その子孫は清華家の一つ大炊御門家として大いに発展した。
After his death, his daughter Yoshiko became the mother of Emperor Nijo, bringing good luck to the family; his legitimate son Tsunemune was promoted to Sadaijin (minister of the left) and his offspring's thrived well as the Oinomikado family, one of the Seiga family (one of the highest court noble families in Japan at that time).

その後、本能寺は日蓮の本義である「本門八品」の法華経弘通の霊場として栄え、中世後期には京都法華宗21ヶ本山の一つとなり、足利氏の保護を受けた。
Following this, Honno-ji Temple flourished as a sacred place from which Nichiren's 'Hommon-happon' Lotus Sutra doctrine was spread and, in the late medieval period, became one of the 21 head temples of the Kyoto Hokke Sect; gaining the protection of the Ashikaga clan.

尊氏の世がくると時氏も運気を掴み、守護大名として山陰地方に大勢力を張り、また赤松氏や京極氏、一色氏と並んで四職家の一つにまで数えられるに至った。
When Takauji came into power, this enabled Tokiuji and the Yaman clan to wield their influence as the shugo daimyo in the Sanin region; they came to be considered as one of the Shishiki-ke (four administrators' families: Yamana, Isshiki, Akamatsu, Kyogoku).

また、四条～西京極橋の左岸にはソメイヨシノの桜並木が延々と続き、開花シーズンになれば壮麗な眺めになり、桜の名所の一つとして市民に親しまれている。
On the left bank of the Shijo-to-Nishi-Kyogoku-bashi Bridge portion of the river, Someiyoshino cherry trees are lined for a very long distance, and their blossoms in full bloom provide a magnificent view, are favored by citizens as a beauty spot to enjoy cherry blossoms.

この駅名は烏丸通と鞍馬口通の交差点である烏丸鞍馬口に由来し、京の七口の一つである鞍馬口は当駅の東約500mの出雲路橋西詰（北区鞍馬口町）にある。
The station's name derives from Karasuma-Kuramaguchi, which is the crossing of Karasuma-dori Street and Kuramaguchi-dori Street, and Kuramaguchi, which is one of the 'Kyo-no-Nanakuchi' (seven entrances of Kyoto), is located at the west end of Izumoji-bashi Bridge (Kuramaguchi-cho, Kita Ward), about 500m east of the station.

こうした情勢を見て師仲は、味方陣中にあった三種の神器の一つである八咫鏡などを自らの手中に納め、早くも降伏を想定した保身行動に入っていたとされる。
Reportedly, Moronaka, who saw the situation, held in his hand Yata no Kagami (the eight-span mirror), which was one of the three sacred emblems of the imperial family as a measure for self-protection taking surrender into consideration.

一つは、石同士あるいは、道具を使用して打ち叩くことによって、剥片をはいで道具として使用するのにかなった形に成形する打製石器（だせいせっき）である。
One is a group of Dasei-sekki (chipped stone tools) which were formed into a shape usable as a tool by chipping away flakes from a stone by beating it with another stone or a tool.

しかし、この中には現在でも地域間対立や地理的要件の不一致などの問題を孕んでおり名目上は一つの県でありながら、実質上は別の県という地域が少なくない。
However, some of the newly created prefectures still have problems in regional confrontation and geographic inconsistencies to this day, and there are cases where a prefecture is actually divided into two regions.

洋服を率先着用した理由としてもう一つ「上半身と下半身の分かれていない着物は女子の行動を制限して不自由である」という皇后自身の言葉も伝えられている。
As another reason for taking the lead in wearing western clothes, the empress herself was quoted as saying'Kimono that is not separated into upper and lower parts limits a girl's movements and is inconvenient.'

営業キロこそ日本最長の路線ではあるが、起点から終点までを通して走る優等列車の設定が史上一度もない本線の一つ（他に中央本線、筑豊本線）となっている。
Although it's the longest line in terms of operation kilometers, it's one of main lines on which a superior train that runs from the starting station through the terminal station has never been set on a schedule (other examples are the Chuo Main Line and the Chikuho Main Line).

三代将軍徳川家光の長女千代姫（当時数え三歳）の婚礼調度の一つ、国宝「徳川美術館徳川光友夫人千代姫所用の婚礼調度」は、初音の巻に取材したものである。
A national treasure 'the wedding furniture for Princess Chiyo, the wife of Mitsutomo TOKUGAWA, owned by The Tokugawa Art Museum,' which was a piece of the wedding furniture and supplies for Princess Chiyo, the eldest daughter of Iemitsu TOKUGAWA, the third Shogun (she was three-years old at that time, by the old Japanese system), made the chapter of Hatsune the subject matter of their decorations.

木棺墓は、明確な出自は明らかになってはいないものの縄文文化には認められない墓制であることから半島から渡来した墓制と考えられている埋葬様式の一つである。
Although it is clear the place of origin for mokkanbo (wooden coffin grave) is not yet known, it is a burial system not found in the Jomon culture therefore it is considered as a burial system introduced from the Korean Peninsula.

一揆（連合、同盟）は元々、心を一つにするという意味を持っており、参加者が同一の目的のもとで、相互に対等の立場に立って、強く連帯することが一揆であった。
An uprising (combination or alliance) originally meant the unification of people, whereby the participants strongly associated with a common purpose, doing so on equal footing.

当時の文書において「当国之例」といわれるような慣習法は、このような必要に基づくものであって、それは本所法とならんで、中世の武家法の基盤の一つとなった。
The common law called 'tokoku no rei' appearing in texts of those days, was based on such necessity, and together with honjo law, became one of the foundations of medieval samurai law.

以降遠山氏は後北条氏家中に於いて、御由緒家の六家および伊豆衆二十家の一つと数えられ、中でも松田氏・大道寺氏と並ぶ重きを成した(三家老家とも言われる)。
Since then, the Toyama clan had been regarded as one of Goyuishoke no rokke (the six families of sworn friends who supported Soun HOJO), as well as, one of Izushu nijukke (the twenty groups of families under the power of the Hojo clan), and enjoyed an important position together with the Matsuda clan and the Daidoji clan (they are also called Sankaroke (the big three chief retainer families of the Hojo clan).

確実に平安時代に作成されたと判断できる写本は現在のところ一つも見つかっておらず、この時期の写本を元に作成されたと見られる写本も非常に数が限られている。
No manuscript that is certain to have been written during the Heian period has been found, and the number of manuscripts copied from the manuscript during this time is very small.

これにより基準年以前に発生していた荘園は臨時課税の対象として正式に公認化されることとなり、それまで散在していた荘園を一つの領域に統合する措置も行われた。
Because of this, the shoen that had existed before the acts came to be officially recognized as the subject to the extraordinary taxation, and measures to integrate the shoen that had been scattered was taken.

非公式に発足した関東軍事政権（後の鎌倉幕府）にとって、これらの訴訟を迅速・円滑に処理していくことが、確固たる政権として認められる条件の一つとなっていた。
The smooth and swift handling of lawsuits was one of the requirements for the unofficially established military government (later Kamakura bakufu) to be recognized as a stable government.

「これは今日に至るまで、日本に於て作られた映画の中で、その最も優れたるものの一つである」と評され第6回（1929年度）キネマ旬報ベストテン第2位を獲得。
This movie was appreciated; 'This movie is one of the best movies which have been made in Japan so far' and won the second prize in the Sixth Kinema Junpo Top Ten (1929.)

なお、東洋では十五夜（満月）にあたる15という数字を「完全」を表すものとしてとらえる思想があり、15に一つ足りない14は「不完全さ」を表すとされている。
Another explanation is that the number 15 signifies completion in the Oriental thought, because the full moon falls on the 15th night of the lunar month. The number 14, 1 less than 15, therefore signifies 'incompleteness.'

伏見から大阪までの道のりは、五街道の一つである東海道の延長として道中奉行の管轄下に置かれ、伏見宿 (京街道)、淀宿、枚方宿、守口宿の4宿場が設けられた。
The section between Fushimi and Osaka was under the control of Dochu-bugyo (magistrate of major roads) as the extension of one of the Go-kaido roads (major five roads that started from Edo (now Tokyo)), and four stages were established along it: Fushimi-shuku (along the Kyo-kaido Road), Yodo-shuku, Hirakata-shuku and Moriguchi-shuku.

このような記述形式であるから、同じ事柄が重複する事もよくあるが、個人や一つの国に関しての情報がまとめて紹介されるためにその人物や国に関しては理解しやすい。
Being such a descriptive format, Kiden-tai often causes the same articles to be repeated, but shows information on an individual figure and on a nation comprehensively, and enables them to be understood well.

大宝律令の施行は、660年代の百済復興戦争での敗戦以降、積み重ねられてきた古代国家建設事業が一つの到達点に至ったことを表す古代史上の画期的な事件であった。
The enforcement of the Taiho Ritsuryo was an epoch-making event in the ancient history, which showed that a project of constructing an ancient nation which had been continued after the defeat in the war for the restoration of Baekje in the 660s, reached one of the goals.

つまり列強との戦争の雲行きが怪しくなった場合に備え、「東南互保」を暗黙裡に認め、敗戦の総責任を負うことを求められないようにした政治的駆引きの一つであった。
With a tacit understanding of the 'Southeast Mutual Protection Movement,' this was one of the political bargains she made in case the war with the allied western powers looked threatening, so as to not be persecuted for complete responsibility of a lost battle.

地震の多いことが日本の課題の一つであったが、耐震構造技術が進み、かつては百尺（31m）に制限されていた規制も緩和され、超高層建築が建てられるようになった。
Frequent earthquakes was a problem in Japan, but, as quake-resistant technologies improved, the height restriction of 100 shaku (31m) was eased and more high-rise buildings were constructed.

ゆえに、一つの国がある院宮家の分国であると同時に、ある貴族・寺社の知行国であるという状況も十分あり得たのであり、実際そうした事例もあったと考えられている。
Therefore, it could occur that a province was not only a bunkoku (a province under control) of an Innomiya family but also a chigyo-koku province under control of a noble, shrine or temple, and it is considered that such examples existed actually.

これらの地域には、山陰海岸国立公園や城崎温泉、日本三景の一つ天橋立などの名勝を抱えており、夏には海水浴を、冬にはカニ料理を目的とした観光客が多く訪れている。
These regions have scenic places such as Sanin-Kaigan National Park, Kinosaki Hot Spring, and Amonohashidate--one of the Three Great Views of Japan, which attract many tourists who enjoy seaside resorts in summer and crab dishes in winter.

単純に三都市の頭文字を取ったもので、「京阪神三大学（京都大学・大阪大学・神戸大学）」など三都市に限った事象や施設を一つのグループとして表現する際に使用する。
As it is made up simply of the initial sounds of the three city names, it is used when describing events and facilities limited to those three cities as one group, such as 'The Three Keihanshin Universities (Kyoto University, Osaka University and Kobe University),' etc.

賠償金は1912年に清朝が滅亡した後も、清朝を引き継いだ国家とみなされた中華民国にそのまま負わされ、中央政権が軟弱な基盤しか持ちえなかった理由の一つとなった。
Even after the Qing dynasty perished, the reparations were succeeded by the Republic of China because it was considered to be a nation that succeeded the Qing dynasty, and that was one of reasons that the central government had weak foundations.

2月28日には駿河に残された武田側の数少ない拠点の一つである戸倉城・三枚橋城を落とし、続いて3月に入ると沼津市や富士市にあった武田側の諸城を陥落させていった。
On February 28, 1582, Ujimasa captured Tokura-jo Castle and Sanmaibashi-jo Castle which were part of the few remaining footholds of Takeda in Suruga, and subsequently in March, he took control of castles on the Takeda side in Numazu City and Fuji City.

周辺には石山寺や近江国分寺、瀬田川対岸には近江国庁があり環境も整っており、国分2丁目には「へそ石」とよばれる保良宮の礎石の一つと伝えられている石が残っている。
The Ishiyama-dera Temple and the Provincial Monastery of the Omi Province (Kokubun-ji Temple) were around there and Omi Kokucho (provincial government office of Omi) was on the opposite side of the Seta-gawa River, so the environment was well-ordered, and in Kokubu 2nd street, there is a stone called 'Heso-ishi' (navel stone) which was allegedly one of the foundation stones of Horanomiya.

さらに、以上の諸説と組み合わさるものとして、時代による違いの解釈があり、まったく別の法があるとする説から、一つの法がしだいに形骸化したとする説まで濃淡がある。
In addition, there are interpretations made based on the combination of various theories by period, in which a wide range of theories are found, from the theory that insists on the existence of another totally different law to the theory that argues that it is a law which had gradually became a dead letter.

東国から赴任した地頭が現地の開発領主や名主の上に位置した西日本を中心に、もう一つの解決手法として見られたのが、地頭と領主との間で下地を折半する下地中分である。
Another measure, which was seen mainly in the western part of Japan where jito came from the eastern part of Japan were placed higher than local kaihatsu-ryoshu or myoshu (owner of rice field), was Shitaji chubun by which jito and the lord of shoen divided the land equally.

西寺（さいじ）は、平安時代、現在の京都市南区 (京都市)唐橋にあったとされる寺で、796年桓武天皇の勅願により平安京内で最初に建造が許された2つの官寺の一つ。
Sai-ji Temple is believed to have stood in present-day Karahashi, Minami Ward, Kyoto City, and was one of the two first governmental temples permitted to be constructed within the city of Heian-kyo by the order of Emperor Kanmu in 796.

16世紀末にキリシタン版や朝鮮半島を通じて活版印刷が伝わったことに刺激を受けて、日本でも次第に出版が盛んになってゆくが、その最初期のものの一つが嵯峨本である。
Spurred by Jesuit printing (kirishitan-ban) and the introduction of movable type printing technology by way of the Korean Peninsula at the end of the 16th century, publishing books gradually became more and more widespread in Japan as well, and Sagabon were among the earliest of these.

しかし一方でこの内容は日本などに留学して近代ナショナリズムを取り入れつつある若者に取って大きな屈辱感を伴わせ、反清・革命運動に取り組む大きな理由の一つとなった。
On the other hand, the contents gave a sense of great disgrace to young people studying in Japan and elsewhere and trying to take in modern-time nationalism, which became one of reasons that triggered anti-Qing/revolution movements.

この里の比治山頂の麻奈井の湖（今は既に沼となったと書かれる）で、天女八人が水浴びしていたとき、和奈佐という老夫婦は一つの羽衣を隠し、帰れなかった天女を子にした。
In Manai Lake (eventually it became a swamp, they say) in the village, eight tennyo (heavenly maidens) were bathing, but an elderly couple by the name of Wanasa hid a robe of feathers and adopted one tennyo, who had lost her robe.

日本では仁徳天皇陵など皇室の墓所と比定されている多くの古墳は現在宮内庁の管理下にあり発掘調査許可がなかなか下りない事が考古学研究が遅れる要因の一つとなっている。
In Japan a lot of kofun including the Emperor Nintoku Mausoleum which are considered as graveyards of the Imperial Family are under control of the Imperial Household Agency; thus, excavation and research are not easily permitted, and this is one of the reasons for delayed archaeological study.

特に治承3年のものは平氏政権の主財源であった宋銭の使用禁止が後白河法皇の意向で提議された事から同年の平清盛による治承三年の政変の原因の一つになったとされている。
It is considered that the regulation in 1179 among others was one of the causes of the Coup of the Third Year of Jisho staged by TAIRA no Kiyomori because banning the use of Sung money, the main source of the Taira clan government's revenue, was proposed by Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa's wishes in the same year.

倭寇の中心的活動の一つで拠点であった前期倭寇当時の朝鮮半島は李氏朝鮮が成立直後であった事もあり、自立的な治安維持能力が不足し倭寇活動を抑制する事が困難であった。
During the days of the early Wako, the Korean peninsula was not only one of the Wako's principal targets, but also their base of operations, and because the Joseon dynasty had only just been established in Korea, the new government lacked the independent ability to preserve peace, making it extremely difficult for them to suppress Wako pirate activity.

また、中世のもう一つの歴史認識は、年中行事や有職故実などの儀礼を通じて歴史を考えるというもので、そのため、故実を伝えるための日記や各種記録文書が多数作成された。
During the medieval period, history was also recognized through ceremonies in annual events and in Yusoku kojitsu (court and samurai rules of ceremony and etiquette), and therefore, many diaries and records were written to hand over practices from older days to later generations.

文安の麹騒動（ぶんあんのこうじそうどう）とは、室町時代、京都において酒造工程の一つである麹造りを支配していた座（北野麹座）が室町幕府の攻撃を受けて没落した事件。
Bunan no Koji Sodo was an incident in which Kitano koji za (a guild in Kitano for producers of koji malt, a kind of mold grown on produce such as boiled rice), who controlled production of koji malt (which is part of the sake brewing process) in Kyoto, was attacked by the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) causing its decline during the Muromachi Period.

また、快速・普通相互の乗り換え客も存在する（だが、当駅では乗換の際に階段の昇降が必要になる場合もあるため、上り方面の場合は一つ前の長尾駅で乗り換えた方が便利）。
Some passengers change from rapid trains to local trains or vice versa at this station (however, since it sometimes occurs that passengers at this station must use stairs when changing trains, it would be better to use Nagao Station to do so, the last stop before this station in the inbound direction).

『上記』（うえつふみ）は、いわゆる古史古伝と呼ばれる文書の一つで、大和朝廷以前のウガヤフキアエズ王朝を含む古代日本の歴史などが神代文字で書かれている偽書とされる。
'Uetsufumi' is one of the writings called Koshi Koden (ancient history and legends) which contains ancient Japanese history including Ugayafukiaezu dynasty, which was before Yamato Dynasty, written in ancient Japanese characters, but it is said to be gisho (apocryphal book).

義政は弟の義尋を還俗させて（足利義視）将軍を譲ろうと考えたが、正室日野富子に足利義尚が誕生したため、両者の間で継承を争うことになり、応仁の乱の原因の一つとなった。
Yoshimasa considered making his younger brother Gijin return to secular life (his secular name was Yoshimi ASHIKAGA) and transferring shogun to him, but Yoshimasa's lawful wife Tomiko HINO gave birth to Yoshihisa ASHIKAGA, and they conflicted with each other about succession, causing the Onin War.

昭和20年（1945年）8月に日本が敗戦すると、連合軍は宮内省を宮内府、宮内庁へと次々と降格させ、また皇室典範を日本国憲法下の一般法の一つとして位置づけなおした。
After Japan was defeated in World War II in August 1945, the Allies demoted the Ministry of Imperial Household to the Imperial Household Office, which was later demoted again to the Imperial Household Agency, and they ranked the Imperial Household Law as one of general laws, which should be under the control of the Constitution of Japan.

しかし、範氏の次子の一色範光の一族が功績をたて家勢を回復し、三河国・若狭国・丹後国の守護大名となると同時に、四職家の一つとして権勢を奮い、一色氏は最盛期を迎えた。
However, the family of Norimitsu Isshiki, the second child of Noriuji, rendered distinguished service; therefore, the family power was regained to become shugo (guard feudal lord) of Mikawa-no-kuni, Wakasa-no-kuni and Tango-no-kuni, and also held the reins of power as one of the Shishiki families, in what was the most flourishing time for the Isshiki clan.

その後傍系であった仁賢天皇は、父親の仇である雄略天皇の皇女の春日大娘皇女を皇后に迎え入れ、皮肉な事に奇しくも祖父同士の代から二つに分かれていた皇統が一つになった。
Later, Emperor Ninken who had collateral lineage, received Kasuga no Oiratsume no Himemiko who was the Imperial princess of his enemy Emperor Yuryaku, as his empress, and ironically, the imperial lines that have been split into two since the times of his grandfathers were, unexpectedly, unified.

将軍家々宰の伊勢貞親は8代将軍足利義政の信任を良いことに、管領家の一つ斯波氏のお家騒動に介入し斯波義敏と斯波義廉の間をとりなして私腹を肥やし、幕政を混乱に陥れた。
Taking advantage of the trust placed in him by eighth Shogun Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA's, shogun family steward Sadachika ISE filled his own pockets and plunged the bakufu into chaos by intervening the internal troubles of the Shiba clan among Kanrei families (families in the position of the shogunal deputy) and by mediating between Yoshitoshi SHIBA and Yoshikado SHIBA.

以下に、現代において七口の一つとよく称される代表的な口の名称を示し、そこからのびていた街道、口の場所についての情報や現存する地名などについて北から時計回りに記す。
Cited below are typical entrances often included in Seven Entrances to Kyoto, and are named in clockwise order from the north along with relevant information such as locations of the entrances from which roads extend and the place-names that remain to this day.

「大津絵十種」と呼ばれた代表的な画題の一つとして、室町時代の画僧如拙により描かれた国宝「瓢鮎図」（ひょうねんず：ここでの鮎は鯰の古字）を茶化した「瓢箪鯰」がある。
The 'hyotan namazu' pokes fun at 'hyonenzu,' which is a national treasure painted by Josetsu, who was a painter/priest in the Muromachi period and this was one of the typical subject matters called 'Otsu-e jisshu' (ten types of Otsu-e).

昭和時代初期には、無尽会社による無尽は更に発展していき、銀行に相当するほどの規模を持つものまで存在すようになっていき、日本の経済を担う金融機関の一つとなっていった。
In the early Showa period, Mujin by Mujin companies further developed and some of them became quite large equivalent to banks, and consequently became one of the financial institutions to bear the Japanese economy.

本姓は室町時代に幕府の三管領の一つとなった一族であり、越前国・若狭国・越中国・能登国・遠江国・信濃国・尾張国・加賀国・安房国・佐渡国などを領した守護大名・戦国大名。
It was a family which became one of the Sankanrei (three families in the post of Kanrei, or shogunal deputy) of Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in the Muromachi period, and also became Shugo daimyo (Japanese feudal lords who used to be the provincial military governors) and Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lords in the Sengoku period, or period of warring states) who ruled Echizen Province, Wakasa Province, Ecchu Province, Noto Province, Totomi Province, Shinano Province, Owari Province, Kaga Province, Awa Province, Sado Province and so on.

次の二つがあげられ、一つに自身が罪悪不善の身でいつから輪廻を繰り返してるかもわからず悟りを得る機会がなかったこと、二つに罪人である自分を阿弥陀仏が救ってくれること。
The following two illustrate this point: first of all, there was no opportunity to become enlightened because one has ever been reincarnating repeatedly and ridden with sins and misdeeds, and second of all, Amitabha Buddha will deliver even the sinful souls.

一つは諸国の私領銀山より産出される灰吹銀および世上流通の灰吹銀を買い上げ、丁銀に吹き立て利益の一部を運上する、買灰吹銀（かいはいふきぎん）（寄銀）による自家営業形式。
One was Kaihaifukigin, private operation based on purchase of cupellated silver from silver mines located in private properties and of silver available in the marketplace to forge Chogin silver for income from part of the revenues.

英語表記の一つ「pit-house」は、厳密には、竪穴式住居のうちで、屋根以外は、竪穴自体で構成されている、つまり竪穴に屋根を被せた形の家屋ないしは住居のことをいう。
Strictly speaking, the English term 'pit-house' is used to describe the type of tateana-shiki dwelling which, except for the thatched roof, consists solely of the dug-up depression, that is, a dwelling that is a depression in the ground covered with a roof.

東京時代（とうきょうじだい）とは、日本の歴史における時代区分のうちで、江戸幕府が崩壊して明治維新が開始された1868年以後についての呼称として考え出された概念の一つ。
The Tokyo period is a notion devised as a way to refer to the period after 1868, when the Edo bakufu collapsed and the Meiji restoration was started, within the framework of periodization of Japanese history.

しかし無論、儒教思想がそのまま取り入れられた訳ではなく、儒学の中では『四書』の一つとして重要視されている『孟子』を、国体にそぐわないものであると評価する思想家も多い。
However, it is not just an adoption of Confucian thought and many of the thinkers evaluated 'Moshi (Mencius)' which was emphasized as one of the 'The Four Books of Confucianism' that were unsuitable for national policy.

いずれにせよこれは、義忠と伊勢平氏一族の繋がりを暗示する記述であり、後世治承・寿永の乱において、義忠の子孫の一部が平家方に与したことの遠因の一つとして考えられている。
In any case, these relationships indicate the connection between Yoshitada and the Ise-Heishi (Taira clan), and it is these relationships that are considered to be one of the remote causes for some of Yoshitada's descendants to side with the Taira family during the Jisho-Juei War later on.

古い時代の源氏物語の注釈の中には、単純に各巻がそれぞれ一つ前の巻で描かれている出来事に続く時点の出来事を描いていることを前提にして解釈を加えているものも多く見られた。
Many of the old commentaries on the Tale of Genji interpreted it on the assumption that events described in each chapter simply followed the events in the previous chapter.

また、新体制運動の核の一つであった経済新体制確立要綱が財界から反発を受け、小林一三商工相は経済新体制要綱の推進者である岸信介次官と対立、小林は岸を「アカ」と批判した。
Furthermore, the new economic policy outline, which was one of the key points of the new order movement, faced opposition from the financial world, with Ichizo KOBAYASHI, the Minister of Commerce and Industry, clashing with Vice-Minister, Nobusuke KISHI, the driving force behind the outline, whom Kobayashi criticized as 'a red.'

一国（この場合の「国」は令制国でもあり、大名の領国（後の藩）のことでもある）に大名が居住あるいは政庁とする一つの城を残してその他の城はすべて廃城にするというものである。
This decree stipulated disposal of all castles except one castle for feudal lord's residence or government office in one province (the province here means not only a province but also feudal lord's territory [subsequent domain]).

また、銅鉱一つ発見されただけで元号を改めるほどの国家的事件と捉えられていた当時において大量の銅原料を確保する事は困難であり、流通量もそれほど多くなかったとの見方もある。
Moreover, there is a belief that it was difficult to secure a large amount of raw copper for minting coins at the time as the discovery of only one copper mine became a national event; furthermore, there is an opinion that the amount of coins circulated was not much.

一説にはこの時の逸話（温羅伝説）が桃太郎のモデルの一つであったとも言われており、吉備国のあった岡山県はこれをして自県を「桃太郎発祥の地」として広いPR活動を行っている。
According to one theory, the story of Momotaro (The Peach Boy) is based on an anecdote (the Legend of Ura) from that time, and Okayama Prefecture, where Kibi Province was located, promotes itself as 'the birthplace of Momotaro' as part of a wider PR campaign.

その後、701年（大宝 (日本)元年）に定められた大宝令官制に至って、後の八省の一つとなる宮内省（くないしょう、みやのうちのつかさ）に類似した組織が定められたとされる。
Later, it is said that, according to the regulations based on Taiho-ryo (Taiho Code) set in 701, an organization similar to the Imperial Household Ministry (kunai-sho, miyanouchi-no-tsukasa) which became one of the Hassho (eight ministries and agencies) was established.

五代十国の一つである後漢_(五代)の宰相であった王章 (五代)は、77枚をもって銅銭100枚として見なす事を公的に許すようになり、宋 (王朝)以後の王朝でも採用された。
Osho (王章) (Five Dynasties period) who was the prime minister of the Later Han Dynasty (Five Dynasties period), one of Godai-Jikkoku (Wudai Shiguo) period, officially permitted to consider 77 copper coins equal to 100 and it was also adopted in the dynasties after the Sung.

韓国人の間では、対馬は朝鮮王朝の属国であり、韓国に領有権があるとの主張がなされることがあるが、その根拠の一つに、応永の外寇における対馬への『倭寇討伐』が上げられている。
Some Koreans advance the claim that Tsushima was a vassal state of Korea during the Joseon dynasty and should therefore be under South Korea's territorial control; proponents of this view cite 'the military expedition to suppress the Wako' that was sent against Tsushima during the Oei Invasion as proof of this.

五郎八姫は、聚楽第から伏見、大坂と各地を転々としたが、1599年1月20日に有力大名との関係を深めようとする家康の策謀の一つとして、家康の子・忠輝と婚約することとなる。
Having moved from place to place, from Jurakudai to Fushimi, and then to Osaka, Irohahime was engaged to Ieyasu's son, Tadateru, on January 20, 1599, as part of Ieyasu's strategy for strengthening relationships with powerful daimyo (feudal lords).

牙符制は日明貿易における勘合符制と同様、一つの符を二つに裂いた割符を以って使節の査証を行なう制度であり、勘合符の代わりに牙符あるいは象牙符とも呼ばれる通信符が使用された。
Like kangofusei (tally system) in the Japan-Ming trade, Gafusei was a system where a tally was split into two halves and used for certifying an envoy where the communication tally called gafu (seal tally) or zogefu (ivory tally) was used in place of the kangofu.

もう一つは、宇治田原自動車エリア内の宇治駅 (JR西日本)前に京阪バスは国鉄宇治駅前案内所（現在廃止）を設けて定期乗車券発売や京都定期観光バスの旅客誘致を行った事である。
Another was that Keihan Bus established an information booth (now closed) in front of Uji Station (JNR West) within the property of Uji Tawara Jidosha in order to sell commuter tickets and to entice travelers for the Kyoto Regular Tour Bus.

忠実との会話を師元が筆録した『中外抄』は、院政期の公家社会の様子を克明に伝える史料の一つとして名高い（同書の書名は中原の「中」と大外記の「外」から各々一字を取ったもの）。
Moromoto wrote down the conversation he had with Tadasane in 'Chugaisho,' which became famous as a valuable historical manuscript that told of aristocratic society during the period of the government by the Retired Emperor (the title of the manuscript is derived by taking '中' (Naka) from Nakahara and '外' from Daigeki).

ただし、この程度の面積の庭に15個の石を並べれば、そのうちの一つは隠れて見えなくなるのはむしろ当然のことだとする意見もあり、これを表現意図とする考え方には賛否両論がある。
There is also an opinion that if one puts 15 stones in a garden of this size, one of them is bound to be hidden behind another; so there are concerning (controversial) debates that the designer intentionally positioned the stones in such a way.

主要な登場人物で一つの呼び方しか無い人物はむしろほとんど無いといってよい状況であり、逆に同じ表現で表される人物が出てくる場所によって別の人物を指していることも数多くある。
It is quite unusual that the major characters have only one name, while it is common that the same names refer to the different people in some places of the one volume.

これら九つの文化圏の間の関係であるが、縄文文化という一つの文化圏内での差異というよりは、「発展の方向を同じくする別個の地域文化」と見るべきであるとの渡辺誠による指摘がある。
Makoto WATANABE points out that variances among these nine cultural regions are not differences within one cultural region known as the Jomon culture, but rather these nine cultural regions have to be thought of as 'independent regional cultures with the similar developmental characteristics.'

京都国立博物館所蔵の平安時代初期の「四王寺印」は、秋田市の四王寺に長らく伝えられてきたもので、江戸時代になって京都市の聖護院末の積善院に移された、現存する優品の一つである。
Shiojiin' in the Kyoto National Museum, one of the existing fine seals, is from the early Heian period, which had been handed down at Shio-ji Temple in Akita Prefecture for a long time and was moved to Sekizenin Temple, a branch temple of Shogoin Temple in Kyoto Prefecture during the Edo period.

自ら十文字の槍を振るって力戦し、伊豆山中城攻めでは先陣を務め、小田原城早川口攻めでは虎口（城郭や陣営などの最も要所にある出入り口）の一つを占拠するという抜群の武功を挙げた。
He himself fought hard brandishing a cruciform spear and did outstanding military exploits by leading the van in the Siege of Izu Yamanaka-jo Castle and occupying koguchi (one of the most important entrances of a castle or camp) in the Siege of Hayakawabuchi of the Odawara Castle.

歌舞伎の正月とされる11月を前に地震が発生し興行が中止となったことも、芝居絵による収入を当てにしていた版元には打撃であり、鯰絵が大量に発行された背景の一つと考えられている。
One of the factors behind the issuing of many namazu-e was that the earthquake occurred just before a canceled November performance of kabuki which was to open the year's kabuki season was canceled and this caused damage to publishers who expected income from shibai-e (drawing kabuki as subject matter).

これは基房の意を介した法皇の意向であったが、かねてより法皇側近グループの動きに不信感を強めていた清盛の反発を招き、同年におけるいわゆる「治承三年の政変」の契機の一つとなった。
Although the above was in line with the intention of the Cloistered Emperor who took Motofusa's wish into consideration, Kiyomori, who had been leery for some time about the acts of Cloistered Emperor's inner circle, had an uneasy feeling and this incident became one of the causes for the so-called 'Coup of the Third Year of Jisho' that occurred in the same year.

下向井らの議論は、武士の成立を王朝国家論・荘園公領制論などと整合的・有機的に結びつけるものであり、21世紀初頭において、武士成立に関する最も有力な説の一つに位置づけられている。
The theory by Shimomukai and others connects the establishment of samurai to the dynastic nation theory and the shoen koryo sei (The System of Public Lands and Private Estates) theory consistently and systematically, and in the early 21st century, has been positioned as one of the most promising theories concerning the establishment of samurai.

日本民族（にほんみんぞく）という言葉は、一つには日本の国籍や日本列島にルーツを持つ全ての文化的集団（エスニック・グループ）を統合した政治的共同体（ネーション）を表す概念である。
The term 'Japanese race' expresses a notion of a political community (nation) which embodies all cultural groups (ethnic groups) that possess a Japanese nationality and/or roots in the Japanese archipelago.

当初「中村勘三郎」は江戸三座の一つ・中村座の座元（座を主宰し芝居小屋を経営する者）の名跡だったが、後代になると座元が役者に転じたり、逆に役者が座元を兼ねたりすることが多くなる。
Kanzaburo NAKAMURA' was initially a professional name of Zamoto (leader and manager of a theatrical company) of Nakamura-za Theater, which was one of Edo's three licensed kabuki theaters, but in later ages, Zamoto often became actors, or actors additionally became Zamoto.

『大誘拐 RAINBOW KIDS』（1991年）では日本アカデミー賞最優秀監督賞、最優秀脚本賞を受賞し、持ち味の一つである娯楽色をさらに前面に押し出した作品が多くなっていく。
His film 'Rainbow Kids' (1991) won the Japan Academy Prize for best director and best screenplay, and since then many of his films began to further enhance the entertaining aspect.

自国の言語をどう表記するかということ、つまり国語国字問題は、文明開化を推進するにあたって、遅れた文明とされた東洋文明から離脱し、西洋文明に仲間入りする方法の一つとして論じられた。
How to write a nation's script, that is, the problems pertaining to a nation's script, was discussed as one of the ways to leave from the Eastern civilization, which was regarded undeveloped, and to enter into the Western civilization when civilization and enlightenment was promoted.

判決は、憲法13条を根拠に、「個人の私生活上の自由の一つとして、何人も、その承諾なしに、みだりにその容ぼう・姿態（以下「容ぼう等」という。）を撮影されない自由を有する」と述べた。
The judgment stated 'As part of such citizens' freedom in private life, any person has the right not to have his/her face or appearance (hereinafter referred to as 'the appearance, etc.') photographed without consent or good reason' based on Article 13 of the Constitution.

そもそも「別本」とは青表紙本でもなく河内本でもないと認められる諸写本を、その性格・系統などを考慮に入れず一様に「別本」という一つの呼称で扱おうとするあくまで便宜的な用語であった。
First of all, 'Beppon' was just an expedient name for a group of manuscripts not recognized as an Aobyoshi-bon manuscript or an Kawachi-bon manuscript, and it was treated under the name of 'Beppon' without considering the nature or line of the manuscripts.

第1段階は景初3年(239)・正始元年(240)前後と推定できるから、一つの段階を約10年あまりと考えて、第2段階は250年前後、第3段階は260年前後、あとの段階も同様に考える。
As the first phase can be guessed to be around 239 or 240, based on about more than ten years per phase, the second phase is considered to be around 250, the third to be around 260 and the same for later phases.

また「貴方が今又、単独講和と再軍備の日本でかつてと同じような戦争イデオロギーの一つの支柱としての役割を果たそうとしている」と、天皇の戦争責任や政治利用というタブーにも言及していた。
Further, they also mentioned the Emperor's wartime responsibility as well as the political exploitation of the Emperor, which were taboo, by saying 'You are now playing a role of propping up war ideology as you did in the past under the situation where Japan is planning to conclude separate peace treaties and rearm itself.'

地方出身でありながら、惟仲はその身一つで都に上り、勉学で磨いた才覚を武器に中央政界を渡り歩き、兼家、道隆、そして道長と言った実力者達に重用され、遂には従二位中納言にまで上り詰めた。
Korenaka went up to Kyoto from a local province carrying nothing wth him, and he switched over from one place to another in the central political community having only his own wits which had been polished through study, and so he was promoted to high posts by influential persons such as Kaneie, Michitaka and Michinaga, until he finally reached the post of Junii Chunagon.

ただし皇太子の負傷に関しては、皇帝も皇太子も日本の迅速な処置や謝罪に対して寛容な態度を示しており、日本がこの問題を無事解決できた理由の一つにロシアの友好的な姿勢があることは疑いない。
As for the injury of Nicholas, the Russian Emperor had a forgiving attitude following Japan's prompt actions and apology, and there is no doubt that this warm attitude of Russia helped Japan solve this difficult problem.

「孤独な者」を意味する名をもつこの2等星は、明るい星の少ない中にあって目立つ星であり、「星」という宿名からもわかるように、中国の天文家にも、最も古くから知られてきた星の一つであった。
This second-magnitude star, whose name means 'the solitary one,' is in an area with few bright stars and thus seems to stand out; as can be inferred from their naming this as 'Star' constellation, Chinese astronomers have known of this star since very ancient times, and indeed Alphard is one of the first stars to have been discovered by the Chinese.

日本は日清戦争以後、日本政府が台湾を統治するにあたり、製糖と樟脳を台湾における主要産業の一つと位置付け、製糖関係では1902年（明治35年）に『輸入原料砂糖戻税』を制定して保護した。
After the Japanese-Sino war, Japan positioned sugar and camphor production as one of the key industries in Taiwan for the Japanese government to rule Taiwan, and protected the industry by enacting 'Yunyu Genryo Satou ModoshiZei' (duty-free imported sugar) in 1902.

平安時代（へいあんじだい、794年-1185年頃）とは、794年に桓武天皇が平安京（京都）に都（首都）を移してから、鎌倉幕府の成立までの約390年間を指す日本の歴史の時代区分の一つ。
The Heian period denotes a period of Japanese history spanning roughly 390 years, from 794 when Emperor Kanmu moved the capital to Heian Kyo (ancient Kyoto) to the establishment of the Kamakura Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in 1185.

中堂という呼称の由来は、最澄創建の三堂（薬師堂・文殊堂・経蔵）の中心に位置することから薬師堂を中堂と呼ぶようになり、後にこの三堂は一つの伽藍にまとめられ、中堂という名前が残ったとされる。
Of the three halls (Yakushido, Monjudo, Kyodo) built by Saicho, the central Yakushido hall became known as Chudo (lit. central hall) and this name remained after the three halls were combined into a single temple complex.

このため最近の本文比較研究では、「本来の大島本」（後の訂正が加わる前の最初に書かれた大島本の本文）とは別に「『源氏物語大成』の底本としての大島本」を一つの比較対照の本文とすることがある。
Therefore, in the comparative text study in these days, the 'Oshima-bon manuscript which was used for the original text of 'Genji monogatari taisei'' is sometimes treated as one of the texts for collation in addition to 'the original Oshima-bon manuscript' (the original text of the Oshima-bon before it was corrected).

その伝統は現在も伝統工芸として残るのみならず、京セラや島津製作所など先端技術を持つ企業を初め、任天堂やワコールなど業界トップクラスの本社が集まるなど、現代産業を支えている地域の一つである。
Kyoto City maintains its legacy, as can be seen in traditional handicraft; furthermore, with industry-leading companies such as Nintendo and Wacoal Holdings Corporation, along with high-tech companies such as Kyocera Corporation and Shimadzu Corporation, which are headquartered in the city, Kyoto is becoming one of the areas capable of sustaining current industries.

忠成王、尊忠と親子で同じ宮号を名乗ったことから、岩倉宮を最初の世襲宮家と見る意見がある一方、宮内庁の資料『皇室制度資料』では岩倉宮を宮家の一つとしてみることに対して慎重な見解を取っている。
From the fact that both Prince Tadanari and Takatada, parent and son, announced the same reigning name, there is a view that Iwakuramiya was the first hereditary court noble, but on the other hand, the material in the Imperial Household Regency 'Koshitsueidoshiryo' takes a cautious view on looking at Iwakuramiya as one of the Miyake.

佐藤は、本宣旨により頼朝は既存の国家権力である朝廷から公権（東国行政権国衙在庁指揮権）を付与され、この公的権力との接触により一つの国家的存在、すなわち東国国家鎌倉幕府が成立したとする。
Owing to this decree, Yoritomo was granted the official authority (the administrative authority of the Togoku region and the right to command the local officials of kokuga) by the Imperial Court, which was the then existing national authority, and this contact between Yoritomo and the public authority caused the formation of other national organizations, namely the Togoku state and the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), according to SATO.

第一生命保険のサラリーマン川柳、住友生命保険の創作四字熟語、自由国民社の新語・流行語大賞、東洋大学の現代学生百人一首と並んで、現代の日本の世相を反映する一つの指標として使われることが多い。
It is often accepted as an indicator representing the social conditions of present day Japan together with the Salaryman Senryu (the salary man senryu poetry contest) hosted by the Dai-ichi Mutual Life Insurance Company, the Sosaku Yojijukugo (Creation of a four-character compound) announced by Sumitomo Life Insurance Company, the Shingo ryukogo taisho (the grand prize for the new word of the year, and the grand prize for the best vogue word of the year) presented by Jiyu Kokuminsha, and the Gendai gakusei hyakunin isshu (One hundred poems of modern students) collected by Toyo University.

安土桃山時代（あづちももやまじだい、1568年 - 1603年）とは、織田信長と豊臣秀吉が天下人として日本の統治権を握っていた（織田政権・豊臣政権）時代を指す、日本の歴史の時代区分の一つ。
The Azuchi Momoyama period (1568 - 1603) is one of the age classifications in Japan, referring to the period in which Nobunaga ODA and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI held the right to rule Japan (Oda government, Toyotomi government).

2008年現在、新大阪駅～宮津駅・豊岡駅 (兵庫県)間を福知山線・北近畿タンゴ鉄道宮福線・北近畿タンゴ鉄道宮津線経由で運行されており、北近畿ビッグXネットワークを形成する列車の一つである。
As of 2008, Tango Explorer is a train constituting the so-called 'North Kinki Big X Network,' and is operated between Shin-Osaka Station and Miyazu Station/Toyooka Station (Hyogo Prefecture) via the Fukuchiyama Line, the Miyafuku Line of Kitakinki Tango Railway and the Miyazu Line of Kitakinki Tango Railway.

ところが肝腎の蓮淳は顕証寺陥落の際にもう一つの拠点であった伊勢長島願証寺へと逃走して息子実恵 (浄土真宗)の元に潜伏した（ちなみに前述の本福寺の3度目の破門が行われたのはこの最中であった）。
Before Kensho-ji Temple fell down, however, the most important figure Renjun ran away to another foothold Ise-Nagashima Gansho-ji Temple, and hid himself in his son Jitsue's place (Jodo Shishu) (by the way, the third excommunication of Honpuku-ji Temple, mentioned above, was done in the course of this event).

征韓論が台頭したとき、そして実際に大韓帝国を併合する際（韓国併合）や、日韓同祖論が生まれて外地における同化政策（皇民化教育など）が進められるようになったときも、その思想的背景の一つとなった。
Japanese militaristic authorities utilized this theory as background support in many ideological situations; on the occasion of rising the Seikanron (Debate to conquer Korea), merging Korean Empires (the annexation of Korea) practically and when Nikkan Doso Ron (Japan and Korea have a common ancestor) was birthed, then the assimilation policy in foreign lands (for example, imperialization education on Korea during Japan's colonial rule) was implemented and went forward.

また、高野山金剛峯寺の奥の院、比叡山延暦寺の根本中堂、奈良の東大寺の二月堂、大阪の四天王寺を番外霊場に含んでいる場合もあり、お礼参りは善光寺を含め5か所の中から一つを選べばよいとする説もある。
The Saigoku Sanjusankasho Junrei may include, as additional holy places, the Oku no In (innermost sanctuary) at the Kongobu-ji Temple in Koyasan, the Konpon Chudo (main hall) at the Enryaku-ji Temple in the Mt. Hiei, the Nigatsu-do (literally February hall) at the Todai-ji Temple in Nara, and/or the Shitenno-ji Temple in Osaka, and, accordingly, some believe that pilgrims can select one temple for the orei-mairi from the five temples of these four additional places and the Zenko-ji Temple.

2004年（平成16年）大阪松竹座での浪花花形歌舞伎での『女殺油地獄』の河内屋与兵衛では現代にも通じる屈折した青年の心情を細やかに演じ、翳りのある色気がこのひとの魅力の一つであることをみせた。
In 2004, he played a role of Yohei KAWACHIYA in the drama 'Onna koroshi abura no jigoku' (The Woman-killer and the Hell of Oil) at Osaka Shochiku-za Theater, expressed a warped mind of young man delicately and showed shadowy attractiveness as one of his charms.

また、道教が日本の文化に受け入れられなかった理由の一つとして、仙人思想が日本文化に確立された天皇制を覆す思想に繋がるという理由で日本人には受け入れることができなかったためである、という説もある。
Some claim that Dokyo was not accepted in Japanese culture because the sennin-related philosophy was connected to the thought of destroying the emperor system that had been firmly established in Japan.

マーティンは国際法について「諸国間に行われ、一国が私することができない」（『万国公法』凡例）と述べ、欧米各国間に存在するこの公的なルールこそキリスト教文明が生み出した最良の成果の一つと捉えていた。
With respect to international law, Martin said, 'International law is applied among various countries and it cannot owned by a single country' (legend in 'Bankoku Koho') and he understood that these official rules existed among European and American countries were as one of the best results generated by Christian civilization.

これには美貌・教養・家柄（大谷家は伯爵家）の誉れ高き武子に、良致がなじめなかったからではないか等、夫婦不和の憶測もあったが、武子は離婚どころか浮いた言動一つとらず良致の帰国をひたすら待ちつづけた。
There has been speculation that there was a friction between the couple because Yoshimune was uncomfortable with Takeko's beauty, intelligence, and high lineage (the OTANI family was a family of counts) but Takeko made no mention of divorce and intently waited earnestly for Yoshimune's return.

一つ隣の寺町通（寺町京極）に集まる寺院の境内が、縁日の舞台として利用されるようになり、人が多く集まったため、各寺院の境内を整理し、寺町通のすぐ東側に新しく道路を造ったのが新京極通のはじまりである。
Shinkyogoku-dori Street was built immediately east of Teramachi-dori Street by rearranging the precincts of the shrines and temples gathered on Teramachi-dori Street (Teramachi-Kyogoku) because fairs held in the precincts became popular and attracted many visitors.

JR京都駅の烏丸口（北口）側にある関西電力京都支店の建物（鉄筋コンクリート造8階建）は、京都の近代建築の一つであるが、もともとは1937年（昭和12年）に、京都電燈の本社として建設されたものである。
The eight storey reinforced concrete building of the Kyoto branch of the Kansai Electric Power, which stands in front of the Karasuma Exit (North Exit) of JR Kyoto Station, is one of the most modern buildings in Kyoto and was originally built as the headquarters of Kyoto Dento in 1937.

五箇条の一つ「旧来の陋習を破り天地の公道に基くべし」、及びその原案「旧来の陋習を破り宇内の通義に従ふへし」に使われていることば「天地ノ公道」・「宇内の通義」は「万国公法」（国際法）の意味だとされる。
There is one of the five articles 'Evil customs of the past shall be broken off and everything based upon the just laws of Nature' and its draft version 'Evil customs of the past shall be broken off and everything based upon accepted orders of the whole world,' and those words '天地ノ公道' (law of Nature) and '宇内の通儀' (orders of the whole world) are considered to be the same meaning as 'bankoku koho' (international law).

そうした国際法を肯定的に捉える受容は、洋務運動時期にはまだ少数であったが、それは中国を唯我独尊的な存在と自認する中華思想とそれに基づく華夷秩序が動揺し、変化させられていく契機の一つだったといえる。
This positive acceptance of international law was not shared by large numbers of people at the time of yomu undo but it was a chance that Kaichitsujo based on Sinocentrism, in which China maintained self-centered attitude was unsettled and changed.

近代国際法は「先占の原則」（早期発見国が領有権を有する原理）を特徴の一つとして持っていたので、「未開国」は自動的に「無主の地」とされ、そこに植民地を自由に設定できるということになる（小林2002）。
As modern international law has 'Rule of occupation' (rule under which the county that discovered a land first has sovereignty) as one of its features, 'undeveloped country' was automatically deemed as 'terra nullius,' and, therefore, colonies could be established freely (Kobayashi 2002).

例えば『伊勢物語』は『古今和歌集』と重複する和歌を含むが、『古今集』の詞書を改変したと考えられる章段や、『古今集』において隣同士に配列された和歌同士で一つの物語を作ったと考えられる章段が確認できる。
For example, 'Ise Monogatari' (The Tales of Ise) includes some waka poems that also appear in 'Kokin Wakashu,' and there are chapters that seem to be modifications of the kotobagaki of 'Kokinshu' or stories made from adjacently aligned poems in the 'Kokinshu.'

大浜騒動（おおはまそうどう）は、明治4年（1871年）に三河国碧海郡南部の鷲塚（現在の愛知県碧南市）で起こった暴動で廃仏毀釈に反対する運動の一つであるが計画的なものでは無く偶発的に起こったものである。
Ohama Riot was the riot in Washizuka, Aomi County, Mikawa Province (currently Hekinan City, Aichi Prefecture) in 1871, although it was one of the protest movements against Haibutsu-kishaku (a movement to abolish Buddhism), it was an undesigned and incidental riot.

推古天皇元年（593年）、聖徳太子が大阪に日本最古の官寺・四天王寺を建立の際、四箇院の一つとして建てられたのが日本での最初とする伝承があり（四箇院とは施薬院に悲田院・敬田院・療病院を合せたものである）。
Tradition has it that in 593, when the Prince Shotoku erected Shitenno-ji Temple in Osaka, which was the original kanji (state-sponsored temple) in Japan, he erected the Seyaku-in as one of the Shikain (four institutions) which included Hiden-in, Keiden-in, Ryobyo-in and Seyaku-in.

社会規範を規定する刑法的な律と社会制度を規定する行政法的な令が中心的な位置を占め、律令の不足を補う改正法としての格および律令と格の施行細則としての性格を持つ式が一つの法体系、即ち律令法典を構成していた。
The Ritsuryo codes were organized as a legal system centered on 'ritsu,' a criminal code defining social standards, and 'ryo,' an administrative code defining the social system, with 'kyaku,' or amendments, for supplementing ritsu and ryo, and 'shiki' as provisions for enacting ritsu, ryo, and kyaku.

一世一元の詔（いっせいいちげんのみことのり）は、慶応4年9月8日 (旧暦)（グレゴリオ暦1868年10月23日）、慶応4年を改めて明治元年とするとともに、天皇一代に元号一つという一世一元の制を定めた詔。
The imperial decree of the practice of assigning one era name to the reign of each Emperor is an imperial decree established on October 23, 1868 (the Gregorian calendar) at the same time of changing Keio year 4 to Meiji gannen (Year of 1868) and it is a system for assigning one era name for each Emperor's reign.

桓武平氏四流のうちの一つであり、葛原親王流には葛原親王の長男高棟王が臣籍降下し平高棟となった公家の高棟王流と、三男の高見王ととも高見王の子高望王が臣籍降下し平高望となった武家の高望王流の二流が知られる。
This is one of the four Kanmu-Heishi lineages followed by the two well-known lineages: the Prince Takamune lineage of court nobles which originates from Prince Takamune, the first son of the Imperial Prince Kazurawara who was named TAIRA no Takamune on demotion from the Imperial family; and the Prince Takamochi lineage of samurai families which originates from Prince Takamochi, a son of the Prince Takami (the third son of the Imperial Prince Kazurawara) who was named TAIRA no Takamochi on demotion from the Imperial family.

このうちの磯泊散人について、「磯泊（しはと）」とは和名類聚抄にある幡豆郡八郷うちの一つで「しはつ」とも読み、転じて幡豆の語源ともいわれる地名であり、それに号に添えて用いる語の「散人」を合わせたものである。
As for Shihato Sanjin of the above, 'Shihato' was one of the eight Go (an administrative area larger than a village) in Hazu County and was also read as 'Shihatsu,' which changed its meaning to the origin of the place name of Hazu, and 'Sanjin' used as a suffix to pseudonyms was added to it.

様々な場面で登場していることや、「10束（束は長さの単位で、拳1つ分の幅）の長さの剣」という意味の名前であることから、一つの剣の固有の名称ではなく、長剣の一般名詞と考えられ、それぞれ別の剣であるとされる。
It is thought to be a general noun for a long sword rather than a proper name for a particular sword, since the term is found in various situations and it literally refers to 'a sword with 10 tsuka long' (tsuka is a unit of length; one tsuka is equal to the length of a fist), therefore the Totsuka no Tsurugi in several myths are considered different from each other.

それ以外にも古注の一つ、『白造紙』に「サクヒト」、「サムシロ」、「スモリ」といった巻名が、また藤原為氏の書写と伝えられる源氏物語古系図に、「法の師」、「すもり」、「桜人」、「ひわりこ」といった巻名が見える。
An ancient commentary known as 'Hakuzoshi' makes reference to chapters called 'Sakuhito', 'Samushiro', and 'Sumori', and an old edition of The Tale of Genji that is said to have been copied by FUJIWARA no Tameuji mentions chapters called 'Norinoshi,' 'Sumori,' 'Sakurabito' and 'Hiwariko'.

その後、本福寺が用意した蓮如・実如が退避していた御坊は「大坂一乱」で対立法主に立てられて追放された実賢が復帰を許された際に与えられて一門寺院の一つとして独立して称徳寺と改称した（後年に慈敬寺と再び改名する）。
Later, the gobo prepared by Honpuku-ji Temple as an evacuation of Rennyo and Jitsunyo was given to Jitsugen, who had been banished for being selected as the opposing hoshu during 'Osaka ichiran,' when he was allowed to return, and it became independent as one of the family temples and renamed Shotoku-ji Temple (later renamed Jikei-ji Temple).

『日本書紀』は中国の正史の影響を強く受けており、天皇支配の正統性を強く訴え、皇位継承の経緯に関する記述が主たる内容だったが、もう一つ重要な点としては、中国・朝鮮に対する日本の独自性を主張していたことであった。
Strongly affected by the official histories of China, 'Nihonshoki' strongly appeals the legitimacy of control by the Emperor and its contents mostly include descriptions of how succession to the Imperial Throne had been made.

近藤勇の馬周り役や後に桑名藩などからにわかに合流した者たちでさえ隊士（同志）として扱っている資料もあるにも関わらず、他に見つからないということは、在籍していなかったのではないか、と推測される理由の一つである。
Since his name could not be found even in documents which even included the guards of horses for Isami KONDO and people from Kuwana han (Kuwana Domain), who suddenly joined the party, as a soldier (comrade), it was one reason that it was assumed that he was not registered.

室町時代の所在は不明であるが、関白豊臣秀次の所有となった後徳川家康のものになり、、徳川家康の死去に伴い第九子の徳川義直に「駿河御譲本」と呼ばれた約3,000冊の蔵書の一つとして分与され尾張徳川家のものとなった。
Whereabouts during the Muromachi period is unknown, but it was owned by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA after being owned by Hidetsugu TOYOTOMI, the chief adviser to the emperor, and after Ieyasu TOKUGAWA's death, it was given to Yoshinao TOKUGAWA, the ninth child, as one of the 3,000 books called 'Suruga oyuzuri bon' and belonged to the Owari Tokugawa family.

しかしながら、一つの地域を特定し、その地域内の植物だけでなく動物、さらには鉱物まで含めて、地域の自然の全体的な特色の把握を試みた例は、伴存の他に見られず、調査対象地の詳細な地誌まで著しているのは伴存の特色である。
However, no other scholars tried to understand the characteristics of the nature of a region, not only about plants but also animals and minerals, by localizing the area and it is characteristic of his work in which detailed topography of the target area was also included.

一つの都道府県に複数の運輸支局・自動車検査登録事務所がある場合、管轄区域をあまり考慮せず、単に所在地の都市名から名称を取ることが多く、釧路・和泉の場合は、所在地が旧国名をそのまま名乗る市であったに過ぎないと言える。
In case that there are plural Transportation branches and Car Inspection & Registration Offices, they often take names from city names in their locations and it can be said that in cases of Kushiro and Izumi, their locations only happen to be the cities which bear the names of old provincial names.

現在でもトンネルは第二種鉄道事業区間（神戸高速鉄道）を除くと全線で3か所しか存在せず、そのうち2か所は西院～河原町間と天六付近の地下線へ通じる入口で、出入口がある純粋なトンネルは千里線の千里トンネルただ一つである。
Even today there are only three tunnels in all lines except for the section designated as a second-class railway business (Kobe Rapid Transit Railway), and moreover, two of them serve as entrances toward underground lanes, one between Saiin and Kawaramachi and the other, near Tenroku; therefore, Senri Tunnel on the Senri Line is the only tunnel that in fact has a beginning and an end.

家制度（いえせいど）とは、に制定された民法（以降、旧民法という）において採用された家族制度であり、親族関係のある者のうち更に狭い範囲の者を、戸主と家族として一つの家に属させ、戸主に家の統率権限を与えていた制度である。
Ie seido was a family system, which was introduced to the Civil Codes established in 1898 (hereunder referred as Old Civil Codes), under the system, a small group consisting of relatives and living in a house is considered as a family and a family has a family head who was given an authority to lead a family.

奈良時代（ならじだい、710年-794年）は広義には710年（和銅3年）に元明天皇が平城京に都を移してから、794年（延暦13年）に桓武天皇によって平安京に都が移されるまでの84年間を指す日本の歴史の時代区分の一つ。
The Nara period was a period in Japan's history which, broadly speaking, lasted 84 years from 710 when the Empress Genmei transferred the capital to Heijokyo to 794 when the Emperor Kanmu transferred the capital to Heiankyo.

奈良時代の僧・道昌がこの地で行った求聞持法の満願の日に、空から明星が降りそそいで虚空蔵菩薩が示現したということから、その明星を表す明星天子を本地仏として、雷の神である電電明神を祀る明星社が鎮守社の一つとして作られた。
It was said the morning star (Venus) fell from the sky and Kokuzo Bosatsu appeared on the day that the vow made by the Nara period monk Dosho during a questioning ritual held on the site was fulfilled, and based on this legend, Myojo-sha Shrine was built to enshrine the lightning god Denden-Myojin as the embodiment of Myojo Tenshi who represents the star.

教育者で思想家の新渡戸稲造など、文学・思想に大きな足跡を残したキリスト者達（新渡戸、内村鑑三、植村正久など）による異文化接合の形として顕われたのが、もう一つの「武士道」である（詳細は武田清子の「人間観の相克」を参照）。
Another Bushido appeared as a combination of different cultures by Christians who left a major mark on literature and a way of thought including an educator and thinker Inazo NITOBE, Kanzo UCHIMURA and Masahisa UEMURA (refer to 'Ningenkan no Sokoku [Rivalry of human view]' written by Kiyoko TAKEDA for details).

この傾向は明治時代以降も続き、征韓論が台頭したとき、そして実際に大韓帝国を併合する際（韓国併合）や、日韓同祖論が生まれて外地における同化政策（皇民化教育など）が進められるようになったときも、その思想的背景の一つとなった。
It continued to support this theory in and after the Meiji period.

本堂は起工から128年の年数をかけ、日光の本廟・知恩院の三門とともに、日本三建築の一つと称せられた壮大華麗な大伽藍であったが、1902年（明治35年）11月、不慮の火災により、本堂その他ほとんどを灰燼に帰する不幸が起る。
Construction of the main hall took 128 years to complete and the magnificent building was considered to be one of the Three Great Architectural Structures of Japan along with the mausoleum at Tosho-gu Shrine in Nikko and the Sanmon gate at Chion-in Temple, but almost the entire temple complex, including the main hall, was burned to the ground in an accidental fire in November 1902.

これらの運動は短期的であったこともあり、台湾社会に根付くことはなかったが、台湾が香港やシンガポールなど、日本の支配を受けたが皇民化運動が徹底されなかった他の華人社会に比べて日本的であるという理由の一つの説明にはなるだろう。
These movements were short term and failed to take root in Taiwan, but this would be one of the reasons that the Taiwanese society was more Japanized than other Chinese societies such as Hong Kong or Singapore controlled by Japan, but not subject to the thorough kominka movement.

平安時代後期以後は、実質上の最高職である左右馬頭に河内源氏の著名な武者が相次いで任じられた事から馬寮の職は武士の憧れの官職の一つとされた（平安時代末期格式など規定されていた実際の大允・少允の定員は計二十名であったと言う）。
After the late Heian period, by reason that prominent samurai of Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan) was successively assigned to Sama no kami and Uma no kami which were substantially the highest post, the post of Meryo was regarded as one of the government posts longed for by samurai (it is said that the full number of Daijo (Senior Secretary) and Shojo (Junior Secretary) was 20 in total as regulated in the Kakushiki code (amendments and enforcement regulations (of the ritsuryo)) at the end of Heian period).

第四十三国立銀行（四十三銀行）→1930年田辺銀行、紀伊貯蓄銀行、紀陽銀行（以上三行は現在の紀陽銀行）、大同銀行、三十四銀行（以上二行は三和銀行を経て三菱東京UFJ銀行）、六十八銀行（南都銀行の前身の一つ）の6行に分割買収
The 43rd National Bank (Shijusan Bank) -> divided into six banks of the Tanabe Bank, the Kii Savings Bank, the Kiyo Bank (above three banks are the current Kiyo Bank), the Daido Bank, the Sanjushi Bank (above two banks became the Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ after the Sanwa Bank), and the Rokujuhachi Bank (one of the predecessor of the Nanto Bank) and purchased in 1930.

「監督は『一つのシーンを撮るのにどれだけの費用や時間がかかるか』の計算が出来なければならない」が持論であり、当初のイメージ通り撮影する事が予算や時間の制約で無理と判ると、即座に制約の中で可能なイメージを追求する柔軟性を持つ。
His mantra is that 'a director must be able to calculate 'how much time and expense is required in order to film a single scene,'' and he possesses the flexibility to pursue an achievable end result under the immediate circumstances in the event that it becomes apparent that it is impossible to attain the original vision due to time and budgetary constraints.

化石燃料への依存性を減らす必要性が広く認識され、エネルギー資源への世界的な圧力が増大する今、長期のエネルギーの大型供給のための一つのオプションとして核融合を位置付けるために、核融合エネルギー開発を次の段階に進める時機が熟した。
At a time of increasing global pressure on energy resources and global environmental concerns, the time is ripe to undertake the next step in the development of fusion energy. This will establish fusion as an option for large scale energy supply with intrinsic safety and environmental benefits in the long term.

この際、慶応3年12月7日 (旧暦)（1868年1月1日）の兵庫開港（現・神戸港）に伴い、大名行列と外国人の衝突を避けるために徳川幕府によって作られた「徳川道」を通らず、西国街道を進んだことが事件の引き金の一つとなってしまう。
These soldiers chose to walk on the Saigoku-kaido Road instead of the 'TOKUGAWA Road,' built by the bakufu in order to prevent foreigners from bumping into Daimyo-gyoretsu (feudal lord's costumed procession), due to the opening of Hyogo port (present-day Kobe port) on January 1, 1868, and this choice partly triggered the Incident.

1980年（昭和55）5月「明日香村における歴史的風土の保存及び生活環境の整備等に関する特別措置法（明日香法）」、略して「明日香村特別措置法」といい、二つの柱からなっている、一つは、村内全域が歴史的風土保存の対象となっている。
In May, 1980, 'Special Measures Law Concerning Preservation of Historical Natural Features and Maintenance of Living Environment in Asuka Village (Asuka Law),' or Asuka Village Special Measures Law in abbriviation, was issued and it has two pillows; one is to preserve the entire village as a historical landscape preserved district.

もっともこの場合でも、当時の日本政府の財政事情（西郷隆盛も反対論の理由の一つに財政問題を挙げている）から、ヨーロッパやアメリカ合衆国の本線用の車両を購入して輸送するコストを考えれば、必ずしも日本政府の判断が誤りだったとはいえない。
But even if it were the case, if the financial conditions of the Japanese government at that time (Takamori SAIGO also mentioned financial reasons to oppose the construction) and the expenses which would have cost to purchase and convey carriages for the main line from Europe or America are considered, it cannot be said that the decision of the Japanese government was a mistake.

これは中国における西欧側の非道を知ったこともあるが、朱子学以外を認めない衛正斥邪という思想政策を積極的に推し進めたことから分かるように、大院君は中華思想的発想の持ち主であり、その点から西欧諸国を夷狄視していたことも理由の一つである。
Daewongun knew the atrocities of West Europeans in China, and he actively promoted the wijŏng ch'ŏksa policy (defense of Confucian orthodoxy and rejection of Christian heterodoxy), which was not to admit ideas other than the doctrines of Zhu Xi, and also he believed in Sinocentrism, and because of this he presumed the Western Europe countries to be barbarous.

二十三ヵ条にわたる本文の冒頭に「一期一会」の思想を、『本日の出会いは、再び同じ出会いではないと考え、主人は全てのことに、気を配り、客も亭主の趣向を何一つおろそかにせず、心に留めて、双方が誠意をもって交わるべきである』と主張している。
At the beginning of this book consisting of 23 articles, Ii states the idea of 'ichigo ichie': 'We should keep in mind that an encounter today can never be experienced again, so the host should pay attention to every single matter and guests should never neglect the host's care; both should communicate in earnest.'

特に、千利休による茶道の大成は、禅の思想に基づく“わび・さび”の考え方と、豊臣秀吉の発案との言い伝えを持ち、美醜について大きく意見の分かれる“金の茶室”という極限的な豪壮さを一つに内包したものと言え、今も日本文化全体に強く影響している。
In particular, completion of 'sado (tea ceremony)' by SEN no Rikyu, which can be said to include the idea of 'wabi, sabi' based on Zen Buddhism and the ultimately splendid 'golden tea arbor,' which is handed down as the idea of Hideyoshi and for which opinion on beauty is divided, gives strong influence on the whole culture of Japan even today.

2005年から2006年頃に地元日本プロサッカーリーグチーム「京都サンガF.C.」のためのサッカー専用スタジアム建設が議論された折、候補地の一つとなった梅小路公園が「大量輸送でのアクセス性が至便」とされた理由として、この駅の実績があった。
From around 2005 to 2006, it was discussed where the home stadium exclusively used for the soccer games of KYOTO SANGA F.C., the local soccer team of the Japan Professional Football League (J. League), should be built, and Umekoji-koen Park, one of the candidates, was said to be very convenient because Ryokka-fair-Umekoji Station provided easy mass-transit access to the park.

城主大名（じょうしゅだいみょう）とは、近世江戸時代における大名の格式の一つであり、大名家をその居地・居城で区別する国主（国持大名） - 準国主 - 城主 - 城主格 - 無城（陣屋）の5階級のうち、国許の屋敷に城が認められている大名をいう。
Joshu daimyo (daimyo who is allowed to live in a castle) is a social status in the early-modern times of the Edo period, and refers to a daimyo, who was allowed to have a castle as his residence in his kunimoto (hometown), among Daimyo families (feudal lord families) classified according to their resident provinces and resident castles into five ranks: kokushu (landed daimyos), jun (associate) kokushu, joshu (lord of a castle), joshukaku (joshu class), mujo (without a castle) (jinya [regional government office]).

これらの中に含まれる本文は、通常の写本の中にある本文と比べて何らかの意図により改変されている可能性があると考えられることから通常の写本の中にある本文とは別の扱いをする必要があると考えられており、そのためにこれらをまとめて一つのグループとして取り扱っている。
Compared with the regular texts of the manuscript, it could be considered that some were changed on purpose, so some people claim that these texts should be treated in a different way from the regular ones, therefore these are treated together as one group.

この時、当時重臣になっていた広田が小磯に対して「僕と寺内君（現役武官制復活当時の寺内寿一陸相）の合意で、陸相人事は三長官の合意に関係なく新首相が自由に指名していいということになっているから」と告げて、小磯はこれを一つの根拠として東條の陸相留任を阻止したという逸話がある。
At that time, Hirota who was then Jushin (chief retainer) told Koiso, 'An agreement has been made between Mr. Terauchi (Hisaichi TERAUCHI who was the Minister of War during revival of Geneki Bukan sei) and me, as for the personnel affairs, we've accepted to designate a new Prime Minister regardless of the consent of three Kami' and it is said that this incident was one of the reasons for Koiso preventing Tojo from remaining as the Minister of War.

戦国時代（せんごくじだい、1493年（1467年）頃-1573年頃）は、1493年の明応の政変頃あるいは1467年の応仁の乱頃をその始期とし、1573年に15代室町将軍足利義昭が織田信長によって追放されて室町幕府が事実上消滅するまでの時代を指す日本の歴史の時代区分の一つ。
The Sengoku Period in Japan (from around 1493 (or 1467) to around 1573) is a chronological period in the history of Japan that commenced from the Coup of Meio in 1493 or the Onin Disturbance in 1467 and ended by the disappearance of the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) with the purge of Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA by Nobunaga ODA, the fifteenth shogun, of the Muromachi bakufu, in 1573.

『二天記』が詳述した岩流との試合内容は、明治42年（1909年）熊本の宮本武蔵遺蹟顕彰会編纂による『宮本武蔵』通称『顕彰会本』で原資料の一つとなりそのまま史実とされ、さらに吉川英治が小説『宮本武蔵』（1935年-1939年）で『顕彰会本』の内容を用いたことから広く知られるようになった。
In 1909, Miyamoto Musashi Iseki Kenshokai (the association in honor to the accomplishments of Musashi MIYAMOTO) of Kumamoto Prefecture regarded the descriptions of the duel in 'Niten-ki' as historical facts and based on that wrote 'Miyamoto Musashi' (called 'Kenshokai-bon'); and Eiji YOSHIKAWA wrote a novel 'Miyamoto Musashi' (1935-1939) based on the information of 'Kenshokai-bon;' therefore, the story of the duel written in 'Niten-ki' became famous.

ゆえに、状況から誰のことを指しているのか判断しなければならない場合も多いだけでなく、同じひとりの人物が巻によって、場合によっては一つの巻の中でも様々な異なる呼び方をされることがあり、逆に同じ表現で表される人物が出てくる場所によって別の人物を指していることも数多くあることには注意を必要とする。
Therefore, readers often must infer who the character is from the situation; the same character is sometimes called a different name in the work, or even in the chapter, while the same name refers to a different character, depending on the scene.

もう一つは、交流を禁止してしまったことで、ヨーロッパ（後にアメリカ合衆国も）で発達した産業革命による技術や文化を積極的に受け入れられなくなり、世界の潮流からとりのこされて科学文化が浸透せず（理系軽視）、ひいては太平洋戦争の敗戦の遠因ともなってしまった、とする和辻哲郎にみられるように否定的なものである。
Another evaluation, typified by Tetsuro WATSUJI, argues that Japan fell behind the global current because of its inability to introduce technology and culture similar to what was being developed during the Industrial Revolution in Europe (later in the United States as well) due to its prohibition on exchanging with other countries; this not only resulted in the failure of Japan to make a scientific culture permeate throughout the nation (science courses were disregarded), but also became an underlying cause of defeat in the Pacific War.

学術的にはほとんど取り上げられていないものの、陰謀史観の一つとして、本来は吉良上野介の側を陥れるはずだった陰謀に浅野内匠頭が利用されたとの説、桂昌院の従一位叙任を阻止しようとした御台所鷹司信子の陰謀説、幕府の役人と結びついた塩商人が赤穂の塩を狙い、赤穂藩を潰して天領にし儲けを得ようとしたという説もある。
Although they are hardly picked up in academic settings, some of the conspiratorial views of history include Asano Takumi no Kami being used to trap Kira Kozuke no Suke, the wife of a Shogun Nobuko TAKATSUYA trying to stop Keishoin from receiving Juichii (Junior First Rank), a salt merchant working with a bakufu official to eliminate the Ako Domain and turn it into bakufu land in order to gain profit by selling salt in Ako.

より一般的だったのは、完全な所有権の下で土地を保有するシステム（1人の土地所有者の他にその土地の権利を有する者が皆無というシステム。英語でallodialという。）であり、もう一つのシステムは、土地を条件付きで保有する形態である神への贈与（precaria）又は聖職禄(beneficium)の利用であった。
More generally, one system was the one which had the land under complete ownership (the system where there was no one who had the rights for the land except for the one land owner), and the other system was the tribute to the God (precaria) or the use of beneficium, which were ownership forms with some conditions.

実際、JR福知山線脱線事故では当該列車において犠牲者が多数出た前寄り4両が同志社前行きだったため、通学に利用していた同志社大学の学生が犠牲になったことから、同志社大学は同事故の対応についてのJR西日本への申し入れ事項の一つに、被害者・遺族への補償、原因究明と安全対策の徹底に加え当駅のホーム延長を挙げている。
In fact, in the derailing accident that occurred on the JR Fukuchiyama Line, many of the causalities were in the first four cars of the train, which was bound for Doshishamae Station, and naturally the casualties included many students of Doshisha University; therefore, Doshisha University included in the requests to JR West the extension of the platforms of this station, in addition to compensation for the victims and the bereaved families, clarification of the accident's causes thorough countermeasures to ensure safety.

その一方で親友・南一郎の死に際して立派な墓碑を建立したり、キリスト教の敬虔な信者となったり、子に対しても慈しみ深いなど、優しさも持った人物であり、さらに初期キリスト教時代の迫害を受けつつも伝道を行い、またその死に際しては医師が驚くほど胃癌が進行するまで顔色一つ変えないなど、精神的な強さも持っていたと思われる。
On the other hand, he built a fine tomb stone for Ichiro MINAMI, his close friend, became a devout Christian, and showed a generous side by being affectionate toward his children, and continued the missionary work despite being persecuted at the beginning of the Christian period, nor did he show any emotion when a cancer of the stomach grew to a size that even surprised his doctors, which l indicated that he was an individual that possessed a strong will.

しかし、河内源氏の「棟梁の系譜」を考えるならば、石川源氏は河内源氏の本領の石川荘を相続しているとはいえ源義時の末裔でしかなく地方武士団の規模を出ず、細々と先祖伝来の本拠地の領地を守っていただけの石川源氏やその後継の石川氏は河内源氏の流れを汲む地方源氏の一つとは言えても、河内源氏そのものの名に値するのかという反論がある。
However, taking consideration of the 'lineage of the family leader', Ishikawa-Genji is just a descendant of MINAMOTO no Yoshitoki even though Ishikawawa-Genji inherited Ishikawa manor, the main domain of Kawachi-Genji, and they remained to be a local samurai group, it can be said that the Ishikawa-Genji and its descendant, Ishikawa clan, who protected the inherited main domain on a reduced scale, is one of local Genji descended from Kawachi-Genji, but it is arguable whether it deserves the name of Kawachi-Genji.

それでも生き残った数少ない業者も業界の激しい値下げ競争により、生産拠点を人件費が安い海外へ移さざるを得なくなったことがさらに追い討ちをかけ、その業者の一つであったグンゼも2001年9月に福知山から撤退するなど、特産品であった生糸も現在は養蚕農家を市内大江町に一軒だけ残すのみとなり、上述の藍同様にほぼ完全に福知山から姿を消した。
Due to severe price-cutting wars, the few surviving companies had to shift their production bases to other countries where personnel expenses were lower, which enhanced decline, and with respect to raw silk which was the specialty of Fukuchiyama, only one silk-raising farmer now remains in Oe-machi in the city; this is due to the fact that Gunze, one such company, withdrew from Fukuchiyama in September 2001, leading to the almost complete extinction of raw silk from Fukuchiyama much like the aforementioned case of indigo.

『武公伝』の内容は正脩の子・豊田景英によって『二天記』に再編集され、明治42年（1909年）熊本の宮本武蔵遺蹟顕彰会編纂による『宮本武蔵』通称『顕彰会本』で『二天記』が原資料の一つとなりそのまま史実とされ、さらに吉川英治が小説『宮本武蔵』（1935年-1939年）で『顕彰会本』の内容を用いたことから現代にも広く知られるようになった。
Masanao's son Kagehide TOYOTA adapted his father's work 'Buko-den' for 'Niten-ki;' later, in 1909, Miyamoto Musashi Iseki Kenshokai (the association in honor to the accomplishments of Musashi MIYAMOTO) of Kumamoto Prefecture regarded the descriptions in 'Niten-ki' as historical facts and based on that to write 'Miyamoto Musashi' (called 'Kenshokai-bon'); in addition, Eiji YOSHIKAWA wrote a novel 'Miyamoto Musashi' (1935-1939) based on the information of 'Kenshokai-bon;'therefore, the stories written in 'Niten-ki' became famous.

なお、東西線に乗り入れている京阪京津線は元々御陵駅よりこの駅の地上を走っていたことから、当初はこの駅までの乗り入れを予定していたが、この付近では折返し運転をするのに必要なスペースが確保できなかったため、開業時は一つ先の京都市役所前駅までの乗り入れとなった（その後、2008年に東西線が太秦天神川駅へ延長された時に、同駅まで乗り入れ区間が延長されている）。
The Keihan Keishin Line uses the same tracks as the Tozai Line. They originally planned to share the tracks to this station because the Keihan Keishin Line ran between Misasagi Station and this station, which was above ground at the time. However, as they were unable to secure enough space around this area for a turnaround, the Keihan Keishin Line decided to extend the shared section to the next station, Kyoto Shiyakusyo-mae, when Sanjyo-Keihan Station was opened. (They later extended the shared section even further to Uzumasa Tenjingawa Station when the Tozai Line was extended to that station in 2008.)

しかも冒頭に競技施設建設のため旧来の姿を失ってゆく東京の様子を持ってきたり、一つのシーンを数多くのカメラでさまざまなアングルから撮影したり、望遠鏡のような2000ミリ望遠レンズを使って選手の胸の鼓動や額ににじむ汗を捉えたり、競技者とともに観戦者を、勝者とともに敗者を、歓喜とともに絶望を描いたりするなど、従来の「記録映画」とは全く性質の異なる極めて芸術性の高い作品に仕上げた。
He completed an extremely artistic film totally different from the traditional 'record films' in various unique ways; putting the scene of Tokyo losing its old image due to construction of athletic facilities in the beginning of the film, shooting one scene from various angles with many cameras, capturing athletes' heartbeats and sweat on their foreheads with a 2000-millimeter telephoto lens like a telescope, describing not only athletes but also spectators, not only winners but also losers, not only joy but also despair and so on.

太平洋戦争終結後、戦災復興のために各方面より無尽会社でも当座預金の取扱を可能としようとする要請が為されるようになったものの、連合国軍最高司令官総司令部は当時、無尽を賭博的でギャンブルの一つであると見ており、これに難色を示したため、政府は当時の銀行並の業務を可能としつつも、無尽の取扱が可能で制度・監督上は無尽会社程度で設立可能な金融機関制度を企画、1951年に相互銀行法が成立し、日本住宅無尽株式会社を除く全社が相互銀行へ転換した。
After the Pacific War ended, various quarters demanded to make it possible to handle checking accounts even in Mujin companies for war-damage reconstruction, but in those days the GHQ regarded Mujin as gambling and was against it, therefore, while making it possible to do business at a banking level at that time, the government planned a financial institution system where it would be possible to handle Mujin and set up a Mujin company level in the system to supervise, and thereby the Mutual Loan and Savings Bank Act was established in 1951 and all companies except Nihon Jutaku Mujin K.K. shifted to the mutual banking system.