く: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- あくあく
- bird's chirping sound
- 裾を長く引く。
- It has a long train.
- 浮舟を除く53帖
- 53 chapters were used, apart from Ukifune.
- 下記を除く51帖
- 51 chapters except the following:
- 下記を除く41帖
- 41 chapters with the exception of the following:
- 41 chapters except the following:
- 下記を除く47帖
- 47 chapters except the following:
- 下記を除く42帖
- 42 chapters apart from the following:
- 名もなく為も無し。
- With no name and no movement,
- いくつかの説がある。
- There are several theories about it.
- 号は庵主若しくは廬主。
- His pseudonym was Ionushi (written as 庵主or 廬主).
- 「輝く日の宮」不存在説
- The theory that 'Kagayaku Hinomiya' never existed
- この巻が無くなった理由
- Reasons for this chapter being lost
- 菓物(くだもの):副食
- Sweets: a secondary component of his or her diet.
- 沓(くつ):革製の靴。
- Kutsu: leather shoes
- 下巻に出てくる主な人物
- Main characters appeared in Shimotsumaki
- 中巻に出てくる主な人物
- Main characters appeared in Nakatsumaki
- 上巻に出てくる主な神々
- Main gods appear in Kamitsumaki (Volume 1)
- 広くは社会詠に含まれる
- This is a subset of the Shakai-ei.
- 長らく定説とされてきた。
- This was the long-accepted theory.
- 法名は如覚(にょかく)。
- His Buddhist name was Nyokaku.
- 音が聞こえてくるようだ。
- One could almost hear the sound of breaking ice.
- 鳥山石燕の描く百鬼夜行。
- A hyakki yagyo painted by Sekien TORIYAMA.
- 切れ字がなくても句は切れる
- A cut can be added to a verse without employing a kireji.
- 母は三歳のとき亡くなった。
- His mother passed away when he was three.
- その他の「輝く日の宮」の巻
- Other 'Kagayaku Hinomiya' chapters
- 寝造(ねやつくり):寝室。
- Yanetsukuri: a bedroom.
- 日隠(ひかくし):ひさし。
- Hikakushi: eaves.
- 穜(おくて):晩稲のこと。
- Okute: slow-maturing variety of rice.
- 旅の歌や不遇を嘆く歌が多い。
- He left behind many poems of travel and poems of lamentation for his misfortunes.
- 金鼓(こんく):金属製の鼓。
- Konku: a golden hand drum.
- 正しくは「遍照発揮性霊集」。
- It is formally called 'Henjo Hokki Shoryo shu.'
- 詮無い秘密(くだらない秘密)
- A trifling secret (a story of a trifling secret)
- 『つくも髪の物語』ともいう。
- It is also called 'Tsukumogami no Monogatari' (literally, tale of old lady's gray hair).
- 古くは「せみまろ」とも読む。
- It was read as 'Semimaro' in ancient times.
- 位は高くないが一応武官の官職。
- His official rank was a military officer which was not so high.
- また数多くの歌謡を含んでいる。
- It also contains a number of songs and ballads.
- - 訓点あり(第1巻を除く)。
- There are kunten (except the first volume).
- トヨクモノ(とよくもの)独神、
- Toyokumono, Hitorigami (the god of single existence)
- その女のもとに、男から歌が届く。
- The girl received a poem from the boy.
- しかし、源氏は強くそれを退けた。
- However, Genji strongly rejected the offer.
- 叉倉(あぜくら):校倉造の倉庫。
- Azekura: the warehouse built in the Azekura style (a type of storehouse construction)
- - 訓点あり(第10巻を除く)。
- There are kunten (except volume 10).
- この作品を大きく特徴付けている。
- The many correspondence of waka is one of the unique characteristics of this work.
- 完本ではなく、極一部が残った零巻。
- It is not a complete set of scrolls, but it is an incomplete set of scrolls with a very small surviving portion.
- 醪(もろみ):にごり酒、どぶろく。
- Moromi: raw unrefined sake.
- 曹司が多く連ねられたところのこと。
- It is a place where many zoshi were set.
- 全六巻のうち、現存本は巻三を欠く。
- Originally consisting of six volumes, it is presently missing the third volume.
- さて、この隣の男のもとよりかくなむ。
- Then, she received the following from the man, who was her neighbor.
- 全体の構成は、大きく3つに分かれる。
- It is roughly divided into three sections.
- 大口(おおくち):表袴の下にはく袴。
- Okuchi: a hakama worn under the outer hakama.
- その際多くは青表紙系統の本文であった。
- Most of them were based on the Aobyoshi-bon line manuscripts.
- 中の君は阿闍梨の心づくしに涙を落とす。
- She shed tears of gratitude for his kindness.
- つれづれの物語に明石の御方の噂を聞く。
- During many talks to kill time, he heard a rumor about Lady Akashi.
- このためおそらく欠落したと考えられる。
- For this reason, the 'Kumogakure' chapter is considered to have likely gone missing.
- 腐水葱(くたしなぎ):水菜のおひたし。
- Kutashinagi: boiled potherb mustard with soy sauce dressing.
- 連句(れんく)とは、俳諧の連歌のこと。
- Renku refers to haikai no renga (humorous linked poem).
- 多くの著作を残し六条藤家歌学を確立した。
- Writing numerous books, he established the poetics of the Rokujo-To family.
- 家集『散木奇歌集』(さんぼくきかしゅう)
- Personal collection: 'Sanboku Kika Shu'
- 当然自分の意志ではなく父の意向であろう。
- Therefore, it is natural to think that he did so by his father's will instead of his own will.
- 同じ正本に基づくが、内容に相違がある本。
- It refers to a book based on the same original book, but has differences in the contents.
- 播殖(はしょく):種を蒔いてふやすこと。
- Hashoku: seeding and propagating plants.
- 表袴(うえのはかま):束帯の際にはく袴。
- Ue no hakama: a hakama worn with a ceremonial court dress.
- 角杙神(つのぐひ)と妹活杙神(いくぐひ)
- Tsu no kui no Kami (one of gods), Suijini no Kami (one of gods)
- が、形式主義に流れた和歌は衰退していく。
- However, waka grew heavy on formalism and ultimately declined in popularity.
- 夫は他の女のもとに足しげく通うようになる。
- The husband began to pay frequent visits to another woman.
- 寝殿がなく対の屋二つが並ぶやや質素な作り。
- It is a modest building consisting of two wings placed side by side but no main hall.
- 特に古典では書誌学的な研究も多く行われる。
- Especially in the study of classical literature, bibliographic studies are also often carried out.
- 「されば貴となく賎となく味うべき道なり。」
- Therefore it is the way that everybody should appreciate.'
- 宿装束(とのいしょうぞく):日常用の装束。
- Tonoi shozoku: clothes for everyday wear.
- 天武天皇については元年にはなく二年にある。
- As to the Emperor Tenmu, it is described in the second year of his enthronement instead of the first year.
- 甲斐国や陸奥国などを旅し、多くの歌を残した。
- He traveled in Kai Province, Mutsu Province, and so on, composing many poems.
- 京武者であり、その系統の多くは佐藤を名乗る。
- He was a samurai in the imperial capital and many of his descendants used the name Sato.
- 漢文の古訓による特殊な用語などが多くみえる。
- It contains many special terms based on the ancient readings of classical Chinese.
- 車宿(くるまやどり):牛車などを入れる車庫。
- Kurumayadori: a carriage house to stall an ox-drawn carriage and other things.
- 二人の間には、輝くように美しい皇子が生まれた。
- A radiantly beautiful boy was born between them.
- 古くから紫式部が作者ではないとする見解も多い。
- A long-standing viewpoint is that the author of the ten quires is not Murasaki Shikibu.
- 『将門記』とおなじく、変体漢文で書かれている。
- As with 'Shomonki,' the diary is written in a variant of the Chinese language.
- しかし、やがて妻の親が死に、暮しが貧しくなる。
- However, before long, the wife's parents died, and they became poor.
- 早くに東大寺の僧となり、俊恵法師とも呼ばれる。
- He became a priest at the Todai-ji Temple at an early age and was called Shune-hoshi (Shune the Priest).
- 父は光孝天皇の子源国紀(みなもとのくにのり)。
- His father was MINAMOTO no Kuninori, who was the son of the Emperor Koko.
- 護衛官ぐらいに見ておけばそう大きくは外れない。
- It roughly corresponds to a bodyguard.
- これについては古くからいくつかの説が存在する。
- Since olden times, there have been several views about it.
- 人形遣いだけでなく、男は剣術芸や奇術も行った。
- In the group, men not only do a puppet show but also a display of swordsmanship and conjuring tricks.
- 以下の人物については他に出典がなく不明である。
- There are no sources for the following people, so it is not clear who they are.
- 福広聖の袈裟求め(ふくこうひじりのけさもとめ)
- Saint Fukuko's begging for a Buddhist stole
- 国之常立神(くにのとこたち)独神、国土の根源神
- Kunitokotachi no Kami, Hitorigami (the god of single existence), Kokudo no kongen kami (the god of the foundation of the land)
- 無知の僧(お経もろくに読めない坊主のはなし))
- An ignorant monk (a story of a monk who can't read a sutra well)
- そのうちに熱意のないものは来なくなっていった。
- Before long, those who are not so enthusiastic stop visiting.
- 彼はその光り輝くような美貌から光源氏と呼ばれた。
- The Prince was called 'Hikaru Genji' (Shining Genji) from the shining beauty of his looks.
- 中の君に親しく近付く薫に、匂宮は警戒の念を抱く。
- Nioumiya was suspicious of Kaoru who was getting closer to Naka no miya.
- 女は親の持ってくる縁談も断って独身のままでいた。
- The girl remained single, refusing any marriage arrangements her parents brought to her.
- さて年ごろふるほどに、女、親なくたよりなくなる。
- Years went by, the woman's parents passed away, and life became hard.
- 匂宮は次第に中の君のもとにいることが多くなった。
- Nioumiya began to spend more and more time with Naka no Kimi.
- 信明も父と同じく三十六歌仙の一人に選ばれている。
- Saneakira was also selected as one of the Sanjurokkasen.
- ちょうど源氏が建てた嵯峨野の御堂も近くにあった。
- It happened to be the neighbor of the temple in Sagano built by Genji.
- 斎宮下向から程なく、桐壺帝が重態に陥り崩御した。
- Soon after the high priestess had left, Emperor Kiritsubo fell into a critical condition, and died.
- いくら何でも本文が全く残っていないのはおかしい。
- It would be strange for the text not to survive at all.
- 「輝く日の宮」の巻については次のような説もある。
- There are also other theories about the chapter of 'Kagayaku Hinomiya' as follows:
- この部分を補うための補作がいくつか書かれている。
- Some supplemental works have been written to fill in this part.
- 先に編纂された凌雲集に続くもので、勅撰三集の一。
- As one of the three anthologies compiled by Imperial command, this compilation succeeded the earlier compiled Ryounshu.
- 供給(くぎゅう):国司新任に際して徴収した物品。
- Kugyu: goods collected when the Governor of the province is newly appointed.
- 茶の湯(茶道の心得が無いために起こすしくじり話)
- The tea ceremony (a story of failure caused by ignorance of the tea ceremony)
- 続古事談(ぞくこじだん)は鎌倉時代初期の説話集。
- 'The Zoku Kojidan' is a collection of narratives complied during the early Kamakura period.
- 全六巻であるが、現存するのは、首巻を欠く全五巻。
- Originally, it was composed of six volumes in total, but only five volumes, excluding the first volume, exist now.
- 『万葉集』にはそういった歌が多く収録されている。
- The 'Manyoshu' (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves) contains many such poems.
- その後はじめて中の君が大君の妹であることに気づく。
- He later learned for the first time that Naka no Kimi was Okimi's younger sister.
- 宇治の大君、中の君の異母妹で、特に大君によく似る。
- She was a younger paternal half-sister of Uji no Oikimi and Naka no kimi and closely resembled O no kimi.
- 花山上皇と親しく、上皇の死を悼む歌が残されている。
- As a friend of the Retired Emperor Kazan, he composed a eulogy lamenting his demise.
- さゆる夜の槙の板屋のひとり寝に心くだけと霰ふるなり
- When I sleep alone on a cold night, small hail falls on the yew-thatched roof shingles as if it were breaking my heart into pieces.
- 一人残してゆく紫の上には領地や財産をすべて託した。
- Besides this, he entrusted all of his estate and properties to Lady Murasaki, who was to be left behind alone.
- すくなくとも正治以前である蓋然性は高いと言えよう。
- At the very least, it is highly probable that Roei Hyakushu was completed prior to 1199.
- 少なくない写本が様々な理由により研究を制約された。
- There were a number of manuscripts that he was restricted from studying for various reasons.
- 彼のつくる材木の寸法は鏡に映したように正確である。
- He can measure a piece of lumber incredibly precisely.
- 当日は午後早くから会場となる清涼殿の準備が始まった。
- On the day of the contest, people began preparing the Seiryoden Summer Palace as the venue in the early afternoon.
- 多くの大学受験参考書では鎌倉時代の成立とされている。
- Many university entrance exam study guides claim it was written during the Kamakura period.
- 玉鬘 (源氏物語)の結婚とそれにまつわる騒動を書く。
- It is a story about Tamakazura's marriage and the incidents associated with it.
- 藤原伊行の注釈は後世の注釈書に数多く引用されている。
- Other subsequent commentaries contain numerous quotations from FUJIWARA no Koreyuki's commentary.
- 源氏物語の作品世界では大きく世代交代が行われている。
- There was a major change of generations in the world of The Tale of Genji.
- 洛陽田楽記(らくようでんがくき)は、大江匡房の著書。
- Rakuyo dengakuki is a book written by OE no Masafusa.
- 扶桑略記(ふそうりゃくき)は、平安時代の私撰歴史書。
- Fuso Ryakki is a history book privately selected in the Heian period.
- しかし、中間及び尾部を欠くため最後は明らかではない。
- However, the middle and ending parts are missing so it is not clear when the last article was finished.
- 現在残っている写本には大きくわけて2つの系統がある。
- The remaining manuscripts are roughly divided into two lines.
- 宮は源氏の熱心な気配りを鬱陶しく思うが口に出せない。
- She is irritated by Genji's kind consideration but she cannot tell her feelings to him.
- 但し平度繁の養女ではなく実の娘であるとする見解もある。
- However, there is also a view that says that she was a biological daughter, not an adopted daughter, of TAIRA no Norishige.
- しかし、心は次第に情熱的な匂宮に惹かれていくのだった。
- However, she gradually became attracted to Nioumiya.
- 世にふるは苦しきものを槙の屋にやすくも過ぐる初時雨かな
- Yo ni furu ha Kurushiki mono wo Maki no ya ni Yasukumo suguru Hatsu shigure kana
- 5月5日の端午、玉鬘の下には数多くのくす玉が贈られた。
- At a festival on the fifth day of the fifth month, many decorative paper balls were sent to Tamakazura.
- 秋づけば尾花が上に置く露の 消ぬべくも吾は思ほゆるかも
- Aki zukeba obanaga ue ni oku tsuyuno kenubekumo wa ha omohoyuru kamo
- 最初に山内と出てくる前述の首藤義通は更にその子である。
- Above Yoshimichi SUDO who appeared with the name of Yamanouchi for the first time on the family tree was his son.
- 柏木遺愛の横笛がわたりわたって光源氏に届くまでを書く。
- It describes how the yokobue (flute) which was treasured by the late Kashiwagi passed into Hikaru Genji's hands.
- 小頸(こくび):腕を相手の頭や頸に巻きつけて攻め倒す。
- Kokubi (headlock throw): the attacker turns into his opponent, throwing him by wrapping one arm around his neck as he makes that turn.
- 昼装束(ひのしょうぞく):儀礼用の服、束帯用の装身具。
- Hino shozoku (literally day dress): traditional formal court dress, and accessories for ceremonial court dress.
- 一方、広く民衆に受け入れられる必要もあったはずである。
- On the other hand, it needed to be widely accepted by the common people.
- 承久記は異本が多く、諸本によって成立年代には差がある。
- There are many variant manuscripts of Jokyuki, and the year of completion is different among them.
- 四国には、夜行さんもしくは夜行様と呼ばれる怪が伝わる。
- In Shikoku, there is a story of a monster called Yagyo-san or Yagyo-sama.
- 二人の上皇が深く関わった、二十一代集の中でも特異な集。
- It is a unique anthology among the Nijuichidai-shu (the twenty-one collections of waka compiled by imperial command) because two Retired Emperors were involved in compilation.
- 表紙が脱落し内題・外題が無く、編者・原書名ともに未詳。
- The book was discovered without its cover or its title page, so neither the name of the compiler nor the original title is known.
- さほひめのいとそめかくるあをやぎをふきなみだりそ春の山風
- O spring breeze blowing across in the mountain!; please do not disturb the willows which look like green-dyed threads of the Princess Saho (the spring goddess) that are hanging out to dry.
- 陰徳太平記(いんとくたいへいき)は日本文学の1つである。
- The Intoku taiheiki is a work of Japanese literature.
- 上手く切れた発句は「切れがある」と評価され、重視された。
- The hokku with a beautifully placed cut is highly rated as having a 'nice rhythm.'
- 朱楽菅江、宿屋飯盛(石川雅望)らの名もよく知られている。
- Other famous Kyoka poets include Kanko AKERA and Meshimori YADOYA (Masamochi ISHIKAWA).
- 二条院讃岐の下記の歌は延々と続く本歌取りのもととなった。
- The following poem by Nijoin no Sanuki became the source of one after another poetic allusion:
- 源氏釈(げんじしゃく)とは、『源氏物語』の注釈書である。
- The Genji Shaku is a commentary on 'The Tale of Genji.'
- 寂超(じゃくちょう、生没年不詳)は、平安時代末期の歌人。
- Jakucho (year of birth and death unknown) was a kajin (waka poet) during the end of the Heian period.
- 交易(きょうやく):国衙が調達し、民部省に送った特産物。
- Kyoyaku: district specialties procured by the provincial officer and sent to the Minbusho (Popular Affairs (chiefly land, census, and taxes) Bureau).
- 寛文6年(1666年)に良忠が歿するとともに仕官を退く。
- In 1666, when Yoshitada deceased, he resigned the office.
- 和歌・管絃をよくし、紀貫之・凡河内躬恒の後援者であった。
- Skilled at waka poetry and musical composition, he was a major patron of KI no Tsurayuki and OSHIKOCHI no Mitsune.
- 『玉葉』(ぎょくよう)は、関白・太政大臣九条兼実の日記。
- 'Gyokuyo' is a diary of Kanezane KUJO, who was Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor) and Daijo-daijin (Grand minister of state).
- 狂歌とは文体を同にするが、定義では全く異なるものである。
- Although its structure resembles that of kyoka (comic waka), tanka is a completely different form of poetry by definition.
- 異本が多く、室町時代に奈良絵本『狭衣』としても改作された。
- There are many variations of the story and it was adapted into a nara-ehon (a type of illustrated woodblock-printed book or handscroll popular from the Muromachi through mid-Edo periods) called 'Sagoromo' during the Muromachi period.
- それゆえ、政治史だけでなく文化史においても着目されている。
- Therefore, attention is given to it in political and cultural history.
- 大江山いく野の道の遠ければ まだ「ふみ」もみず天の「橋立」
- Oeyama ikunonomichi no tookereba mada 'fumi' mo mizu ama no 'hashidate' (Mt. Oe and the road that goes to Ikuno are far away, so I have neither seen a 'letter' from, nor 'travelled by foot' there to Amano 'hashidate' [In this poem, 'fumi' means both a 'letter' and to 'travel by foot,' and although Amano-Hashidate is a place, the 'hashidate' is also a reference to the 'ladder' to heaven])
- わがやどの梅がえになくうぐひすは風のたよりにかをやとめこし
- A nightingale is singing on the branch of a plum tree in my garden; Searching for the scent, has it been guided by the wind?
- われゆきていろみるばかり住吉のきしのふぢなみをりなつくしそ
- Please do not cut the wisteria flowers on the Sumiyoshi riverside until I come to look at their beautiful colors.
- しろたへの雪ふりやまぬ梅がえにいまぞうぐひすはるとなくなる
- I thought that it was still snowing on the branches of plum trees as in winter, but look there, nightingales are singing spring songs.
- よとともにちらずもあらなむさくら花あかぬ心はいつかたゆべき
- O cherry blossoms!; please do not go but stay as you are for a thousand years!; I shall never lose my interest in you who will not cease to fascinate me.
- 藤原定家・寂蓮・西行・源頼政など多くの歌人と交際があった。
- She made friends with many poets such as FUJIWARA no Sadaie, Jakuren, Saigyo and MINAMOTO no Yorimasa.
- そのほか、屏風歌・賀歌などへ進詠した歌が多く残されている。
- In addition, he composed many poems such as byobu-uta (screen poems) and Gaka (Celebration Poetry).
- 人違いに気づくも時すでに遅く、浮舟は重大な過失におののく。
- Although Ukifune realized it was someone else, it was too late and she shuddered at her serious mistake.
- 澪標(みおつくし)は、『源氏物語』五十四帖の巻名のひとつ。
- Miotsukushi (Channel Buoys) is one of the fifty-four chapters of 'The Tale of Genji.'
- 玉鬘に密かな恋心をいだく柏木はその手を緊張させるのだった。
- As Kashiwagi felt secretly drawn to Tamakazura, his hands became tense.
- 「御厨」(みくりや)とは天皇家や伊勢神宮の荘園を意味する。
- The term 'mikuriya' meant shoen (manor in medieval Japan) of the Imperial family or the Ise Jingu Shrine.
- 以下に『奥州後三年記』におけるを個々に見ていくことにする。
- The individual profiles in 'Oshu Gosannen Ki' are as follows.
- 但し常に従っているわけではなく批判を加えている部分もある。
- However, he does not always follow the Genji Shaku, and in some cases he criticizes it.
- またおそらくは次のような内容を含んでいると考えられている。
- It is also thought to have probably included the following contents;
- 雲隠(くもがくれ)とは『源氏物語』五十四帖の巻名のひとつ。
- Kumogakure (literally, vanishing behind the clouds) is the title of one of the fifty-four chapters of 'The Tale of Genji.'
- それでようやく実頼も決心が付き、右方の勝ちと判定を下した。
- Saneyori finally made up his mind and judged the right side as the winner.
- 三々九(さんざく):騎射で高さ三尺の串に的を挟み射るもの。
- Sanzaku: shooting arrows from horseback toward a target tucked in a stick which is three feet high.
- 『古事記』の研究は、近世以降とくに盛んにおこなわれてきた。
- The 'Kojiki' has been eagerly studied since the early-modern times.
- 文才に秀で、詩歌のみならず多くの詔勅・官符を起草している。
- He showed preeminent literary talent, drafting not only waka and Chinese poems but also quite a few Imperial rescripts and Kanpu (official documents of the Council of State).
- よく知られている言葉を、綴りが似た言葉に置き換える言葉遊び。
- Well-known words are replaced by word that have similar spellings.
- 夏ごろもたちいづるけふは花ざくらかたみのいろもぬぎやかふらむ
- Today when I shall begin to cut the summer cloth, the cherry blossoms will be all gone to change into summer green.
- さよふけてねざめざりせばほとゝぎす人づてにこそきくべかりけれ
- Had I not woke up in the middle of the night, I would have needed to be told by others about the cuckoo's first voice.
- なつふかくなりぞしにけるおはらぎのもりのしたくさなべて人かる
- Summer is in full swing as people are cutting down the underbrush in the woods of Oaraki.
- はなだにもちらでわかるゝ春ならばいとかく今日はをしまましやは
- Would I not be so sad as I am today if I had parted with spring without the scattering of flowers?
- さくらばな風にしちらぬものならばおもふことなき春にぞあらまし
- If the wind does not blow the cherry blossoms off the trees, there will be no spring to contemplate.
- あしひきのやまがくれなるさくらばなちりのこれりと風にしらすな
- O cherry blossoms which still remain in the mountains!; please don't let the wind know that you are there.
- しかし、大君はいち早く気配を察し中の君を残して隠れてしまう。
- However, Oigimi noticed right away, and went out of sight, leaving Naka no kimi alone.
- 川柳も俳句と同じく俳諧に起源を持つ五・七・五の定形詩である。
- Just as in the haiku, the senryu also is poetry with the fixed form of 5-7-5 syllables whose origin is in the haikai.
- 1138年(保延4年)に出家し、覚舜(かくしゅん)と称した。
- He became a Buddhist monk in 1138 and called himself Kakushun.
- また、歌道だけでなく、蹴鞠(けまり)にも秀でていたとも言う。
- He was also said to have excelled not only at waka poetry but also Kemari (the ancient football game of the Japanese Imperial court).
- きみこふるこゝろはそらにあまのはらかひなくてふる月日なりけり
- My heart would fly to the sky to let the rain of love fall upon you; yet in reality it is only time that passes in vain.
- 近代以降多くの文学賞が創設され、作家の発掘と育成に貢献した。
- Since the modern period, numerous organizations for literary awards have been established and have contributed to the discovery and development of potential writers.
- 近代以降、著名な文学者によっていくつかの文学論争が起こった。
- Since the modern period, there has been some dispute about literature among prominent literary scholars.
- 「三輪山の しかも隠すか 春霞 人に知られぬ 花や咲くらむ」
- Miwayama no Shika mo kakusu ka Harugasumi Hito ni shirarenu Hanaya sakuran' (Mt. Miwa is hidden so deeply by spring haze; Flowers that no one knows must be blossoming.)
- 雲隠六帖(くもがくれろくじょう)とは、源氏物語の補作の一つ。
- Kumogakure Rokujo (Genji's demise: six chapters) is a supplementary work to the Tale of Genji.
- ことならばくもゐの月となりななむこひしきかげやそらにみゆると
- If I cannot see you, I will turn you into the moon so that I can look at you fondly.
- 「輝く日の宮」の巻とは現在の「桐壺」の巻の別名であるとする説
- The theory that holds that 'Kagayaku Hinomiya' is another name for the present 'Kiritsubo'.
- 古い時期のいくつかの文献にこの巻の巻名があげられていること。
- Some manuscripts from older periods mention the title of this chapter.
- あふことのたえてしなくばなかなかに人をもみをもうらみざらまし
- Had I not seen you, I would not suffer from this pain of not being able to see you.
- 牛馬を休ませる暇もなく、常に運送料や荷車のことで争っている。
- He does not have time to rest his cows and horses, and is always arguing with people about shipping charges and carts.
- それは百済三書に依拠しており、それだけに長く信用されてきた。
- Those depend on the three books of Baekje and therefore, they have been relied on for a long time.
- 以下に国宝や重要文化財に指定されているものをいくつかあげる。
- Some books which are designated as a national treasure or an important cultural property are as follows.
- これを深く嘆く帝を慰めるために、先帝の皇女(藤壺)が入内した。
- To console the Emperor for missing his beloved, the former Emperor's daughter (Fujitsubo) made her bridal entry into court.
- また、いくつかの逸話・漢籍の引用を削除している点があげられる。
- The citations of several anecdotes and Chinese books have also been omitted.
- 薫と浮舟の再会等を描く宇治十帖の主人公である薫の後日談である。
- This is a story about Kaoru in later years, who is the main character of Uji jujo (The Ten Quires of Uji), which describes Kaoru and Ukifune meeting each other again.
- ゆくはるのとまりをしふるものならばわれもふなでておくれざらまし
- If I knew where spring departs, I also would not be late in leaving the port.
- なくこゑはまだきかねどもせみのはのうすきころもをたちぞきてける
- I changed into my new summer kimono which I had made of the thin silk cloth like the wings of a cicada, even though I did not hear the buzz of the cicada.
- としごとにきつゝわがみるさくらばなかすみもいまはたちなかくしそ
- The cherry blossoms come and bloom for me to watch every year, so, O spring haze!, do not ever intend to cover them!
- あだなりとつねはしりにきさくらばなをしむほどだにのどけからなむ
- Why is it that my heart is troubled by the transience of cherry blossoms that I always knew full well?; I wish that I could stay calm for a while as I watch them falling.
- さくらばないろみゆるほどによをしへば歳のゆくをもしらでやみなむ
- Were I to pass through the world only dreamily watching cherry blossoms, I would be ignorant of growing old.
- 「しのびね」は悲恋に「しのび泣く」姫君を表すと考えられている。
- The title, 'Shinobine,' represents the heroin 'silently weeping' from her painful love.
- 「生ひにけらしな」は成長して背丈が高くなったという意味である。
- Oinikerashina (I grew taller)' means the boy matured and grew taller.
- 狂歌には、古今集などの名作をパロディ化した作品が多く見られる。
- Many kyoka poems are parodies of masterpieces such as Kokin Wakashu (a collection of ancient and modern Japanese poetry).
- ひとづてにしらせてしがなかくれぬのみこもりにのみこひやわたらむ
- How I wish that somebody told her that I am in love with her; otherwise I could no longer keep it secret.
- きみこふとかつはきえつつふるものをかくてもいけるみとやみるらむ
- I am as good as dead loving you so much; still, will you say that I do not love you enough because I am alive?
- その後食べ物を受け付けなくなり、そのまま死んだといわれている。
- After the contest he developed anorexia and eventually died.
- 蟷蜋舞の頸筋(いもじりまいのくびすじ):蟷蜋はかまきりのこと。
- Imojiri mai no kubisuji (nape): 'imojiri' means a mantis.
- 原本では古本系統諸本と同じく小書双行であったと考えられている。
- It is thought that the original book was written in the style of kogaki sogyo, same as various books of the Old book group.
- 「詠める歌、多くきこえねば、かれこれをかよはしてよく知らず。」
- 'He composed few poems, so it is hard to know about him through his poems.'
- 爾来、広く楽しまれて平安女流日記文学の代表作の一に数えられる。
- People have enjoyed since then, and it is regarded as one of the representative works among literature in diary form written by women in the Heian period.
- しかし「吾妻鏡」に記載されていることから、全くの作り話でもない。
- However, because it is described in 'Azuma Kagami,' it is not a total fiction.
- いわゆる「衆口の話」を幅広く取り入れていることにその特徴がある。
- The feature of work is that it extensively incorporates word-of-mouth stories.
- むばたまのよるのゆめだにまさしくばわがおもふことをひとにみせばや
- If the dreams I dream every night were true, I could reveal my secret love to the one I love.
- 光源氏が北山で幼い紫の上を垣間見てから二条院に迎えるまでを書く。
- Its description covers the period from the time when Hikaru Genji caught a glimpse of little Murasaki no Ue until the time she was welcomed to the Nijoin.
- 「三輪山の しかも隠すか 雲だにも 心あらなも かくさふべしや」
- Miwayama no Shika mo kakusu ka Kumo danimo Kokoro aranamo Kakusoubeshi ya' (Mt. Miwa is hidden so deeply by clouds; Please be merciful, clouds, do not hide.)
- 義経は徳子を慰めるべく酒宴を開き、家臣や女官たちに酒を振る舞う。
- To console Tokuko, Yoshitsune held a banquet giving a feast to his vassals and Tokuko's court ladies.
- 田楽(でんがく):田植えの際に行う田儛(たまい)と関連している。
- Dengaku: it has something to do with tamai (rice field dance), which was performed at the rice planting.
- 月読命(つくよみのみこと)イザナギが右の目を洗ったとき生まれた。
- Tsukuyomi no mikoto was born when Izanagi washed his nose.
- 武小広国押盾天皇(たけをひろくにおしたてのすめらみこと)宣化天皇
- Takeohirokunioshitate no Sumeramikoto, the Emperor Senka
- 広国押武金日天皇(ひろくにおしたけかなひのすめらみこと)安閑天皇
- Hirokunioshitakekanahi no Sumeramikoto, the Emperor Ankan
- 謂えば謂われる物の由来(よくも謂えたものだというこじつけばなし)
- An origin of the response (a far-fetched story shamelessly told)
- しかし御門はそれを駿河国の日本一の一覧高い山で焼くように命じた。
- However Mikado orders to burn them at the highest mountain in Japan, which is in Suruga Province.
- なお、描く年代が4番目の『増鏡』との間には13年間の空白がある。
- There is a thirteen-year gap between 'Imakagami' and 'Masukagami,' which is in the fourth with respect to time period covered.
- 前線指揮から後方支援まで幅広く任務を遂行した有能な武将であった。
- As a capable busho, he carried out many different duties from military command on the front line to backup logistics support.
- 記紀歌謡末期・万葉集初期の作品に成立し、古今を通じ広く行われた。
- It developed in the later works of the Kiki kayo period (ballads found in the Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters) and the Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan)) and the early works of the Manyoshu (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves), and has been broadly popular ever since.
- 俳句(はいく)とは五・七・五の音節から成る日本語の定型詩である。
- Haiku is Japanese poetry structured in the set form of 5-7-5 syllables.
- 中納言は彼女を別人と混同したままにその場を立ちさってゆくのだった。
- Chunagon left, thinking that she was someone else.
- 「ありと見て手にはとられず見ればまたゆくへもしらず消えしかげろふ」
- 'Aritomite tenihatorarezu mirebamata yukuemoshirazu kieshikagero' (I couldn't catch Kagero (may flies) even though I saw them flying about. When I saw once again, they already disappeared and I couldn't know their destination).
- 一方都では太政大臣(元右大臣)が亡くなり、弘徽殿女御も病に倒れた。
- Meanwhile, at the capital, the Daijo-daijin (Grand minister of state) (who was the former Udaijin [Minister of the Right]) died and Empress Kokiden fell sick.
- (これは中世以前の源氏物語の古注釈ではよく行われた数え方である。)
- (This counting method was often used in old commentaries on the Tale of Genji before the medieval age.)
- 現在でも巻ごとの末尾にこの「奥入」を持つ写本は数多く存在している。
- Even nowadays, there survive a lot of manuscripts with this 'Okuiri' at the end of each volume.
- 「輝く日の宮」の帖は元から存在しないとする考え方も根強く存在する。
- There is a deeply ingrained theory that the 'Kagayaku Hinomiya' chapter never existed in the first place.
- とりわけ両親の嘆きは激しく、伝え聞いた女三宮も憐れに思って泣いた。
- Among all, his parents' grief was bottomless and Onna san no miya, who heard that, also felt sorry for them and cried.
- 傀儡子(かいらいし、くぐつし):狩猟を生業とし、漂白した芸能集団。
- Kairaishi/Kugutsushi: a wandering group of public entertainers who make a living by hunting.
- 本文の後に注の形で「一書に曰く」として多くの異伝を書き留めている。
- There are many heresies in the form of notes after the main text such as 'a books says.'
- 活目入彦五十狭茅天皇(いくめいりびこいさちのすめらみこと)垂仁天皇
- Ikumeiribikoisachi no Sumeramikoto, the Emperor Suinin
- 二条派の繁栄には及ぶべくもないが、京極派と対象的に、長くは続いた。
- Although it never reached the level of prominence enjoyed by the Nijo school, in its rivalry with the Kyogoku school, the Reizei school survived for a very long time.
- 醒睡笑(せいすいしょう)は庶民の間に広く流行した話を集めた笑話集。
- Seisuisho is a collection of comical stories which widely circulated among the common people.
- 序文を執筆した一条兼良はいうまでもなく室町時代随一の文化人である。
- Needless to say, Kanera ICHIJO was the greatest person of culture who lived in the Muromachi period.
- 一方で、この序文自体が編者もしくは後世の創作であるとする説もある。
- On the other hand, a competing theory argues that the preface itself was created and then added by the compiler or perhaps an editor of a later generation.
- 薫は女房を介して大君に逢いたく思うが、代わりに老女房の弁が現れる。
- Kaoru tried to see Oigimi with the aid of a nyobo (a court lady), but it was an old nyobo called Ben who appeared in front of him instead.
- そのほか『口遊(くちずさみ)』『世俗諺文』などの教養書も撰している。
- He also compiled educational books including 'Kuchizusami' and 'Sezokugenbun.'
- あやしくぞかへさは月のくもりにし昔がたりによやふけにけむ(詞書付き)
- Strangely, the moon disappeared behind a cloud on my way home. I wonder if I stayed too long out of fondness for the good old days and it was far into the night, or our past stories made me cry. (with Kotobagaki)
- みし人はよにもなぎさのもしほ草かきおくたびに袖ぞしほるる(詞書付き)
- The people with whom I was on close terms died one after another, and every time when I wrote sotoba (a narrow wooden plank), my sleeve got wet with my tears. (with Kotobagaki (foreword))
- 晩秋源氏は見舞いに訪れるが、尼君はそれから間もなく亡くなってしまう。
- In late autumn, Genji called on the nun to inquire after her health, but she passed away before long.
- 匂宮の元へ移る中の君がいまさらながら惜しく、薫は後悔の念に駆られた。
- He deeply regretted that she had to stay with Nioumiya, missing her anew.
- 秋八月、宇治八の宮の一周忌法要が営まれ、薫はこまごまと心をくばった。
- In August in fall, a Buddhist memorial service for the first anniversary of Uji Hachi no miya (the Eighth Prince) was performed, and Kaoru took care of various things.
- 宇多天皇の信任が厚く、『大井川行幸和歌』や『亭子院歌合』に参加した。
- As he enjoyed the deep confidence of the Emperor Uda, he presented poems in 'Oigawa gyoko waka' (the Waka from the Sovereign's Excursion to the Oi-gawa River) and 'Teijiin Uta-awase' (the poetry contest held in Teijiin).
- 知的で人の意表をつく句風は、室町時代初期にかけての連歌壇にはやった。
- His intellectual and people-surprising style of renga was popular in the renga society in the early Muromachi period.
- 多くの歌合に作者・判者として参加し、『堀河院百首』を企画・推進した。
- He took part in a lot of uta-awase (poetry contests) both as a composer and as a judge, and also planned and promoted 'Horikawain Hyakushu' (Horikawa Hundred-Poem Sequences).
- 歌壇への登場も遅かったが、歌合では作者のほか、多くの判者もつとめた。
- His debut in the world of waka poetry was late, but he contributed to uta-awase (poetry contests) not only as a composer, but also often as a judge.
- 50番 君がため 惜しからざりし 命さえ 長くもがなと 思ひけるかな
- No. 50: I thought little of my life until I met you; yet now that I have met you I long to live longer.
- 渡辺党にも嵯峨源氏が多くおり、滝口武者等内裏守護の京武者と思われる。
- The Watanabe Party included many Saga-Genji, and he seemed to be a samurai in the imperial capital who guarded the Imperial Palace such as Takiguchi no musha (samurai guards of the Imperial Residence).
- そしてその所有者は多くの場合朝廷である(児玉党祖、児玉惟行も参照)。
- And in many cases, the owner was the Imperial Court (See the article of Koreyuki KODAMA, the patriarch of Kodama Party).
- 丸谷才一「輝く日の宮」(2003年、全1巻)最後の章がこれにあたる。
- Kagayaku Hinomiya by Saiichi MARUYA (2003, one volume in all: the last chapter is equivalent to the supplement.)
- 小侍従にせかされて女三宮もしかたなく返事を書き、柏木は涙にむせんだ。
- Encouraged by Kojiju, Onna san no miya who was reluctantly sent back, Kashiwagi was choked with tears.
- すなわち本書編纂の為に多くの公文書の記述使用が覗い知れるからである。
- More specifically, Akihira seems to have used many descriptions from various official documents to compile this collection.
- 花の雲鐘は上野か浅草か(はなのくも かねはうえのかあさくさか)東京都
- Hana no kumo/kane wa Ueno ka/Asakusa ka (Cloud of cherry blossoms, the temple bell, is it Ueno, is it Asakusa?): Tokyo
- 才色兼備を称えられ国内のみならず、遠くは明国にまで名を知れ渡らせた。
- Having both wit and beauty, she was known not only throughout the country but also to distant Ming.
- 爵(しゃく):笏(しゃく・こつ)と同じ、天子に拝謁するときに持つ板。
- Shaku: as well as shaku (a mace), a board to hold when he meets an Emperor.
- 淳中倉太珠敷天皇(ぬなかくらのふとたましきのすめらのみこと)敏達天皇
- Nunakakuranofutotamashiki no Sumeramikoto, the Emperor Bidatsu
- 天国排開広庭天皇(あめくにおしはらきひろにはのすめらみこと)欽明天皇
- Amekunioshiharakihironiha no Sumeramikoto, the Emperor Kinmei
- したがってこのあたりで、年次は120年古くに設定されているとされる。
- Therefore, it is said that the dates were defined 120 years earlier around this period.
- とくに大化の改新について書かれた巻二十四、巻二十五に倭習が多数ある。
- Especially in the 24th and 25th volumes which describe the Taika Reforms there are many grammatical deviations affected by Japanese.
- 選歌範囲は広く、新古今以後に重心を置きながら各時代より入集している。
- Although the poems were mainly selected from the ones composed after Shin Kokin, they range widely over every era.
- 光り輝く竹の中から出てきて竹取の翁の夫婦に育てられたかぐや姫の物語。
- It is the tale of Princess Kaguya who comes from the inside of a shining bamboo shoot and is brought up by a bamboo cutter and his wife.
- 翁が見つけた子供はどんどん大きくなり、三ヶ月ほどで年頃の娘になった。
- The child whom the Okina has found grows bigger and bigger, and reaches adolescence in three months.
- 『平治物語』については、成立・作者に関しては、確かな資料は多くない。
- There aren't many reliable materials concerning the authorship and writing process of 'Heiji Monogatari.'
- 友則も貫之同様官位は低く、延喜4年(904年)に大内記にとどまった。
- Tomonori's official rank was low, just as Tsurayuki's was, and he remained Dainaiki (Senior Secretary of the Ministry of Central Affairs) in 904.
- 屈託のない、しかも気品高く優雅な姫君たちに、薫はおのずと心惹かれる。
- Kaoru was naturally attracted by the daughters who were innocent, but elegant and graceful.
- こうしたことから、この部分を分けるやり方は古くから存在したと見られる。
- Therefore, it appears that this method of classification has existed from ancient times.
- 万葉集に多く見えるが、古今和歌集の時点ではすでに作られなくなっている。
- Manyoshu (the first major anthology of early Japanese poetry) consists of many Choka poems, such poems had ceased to be written by the time of Kokin Wakashu (A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry).
- 新撰莬玖波集(しんせんつくばしゅう)は、室町時代後期の准勅撰連歌撰集。
- Shinsen Tsukuba Shu is a Jun chokusen renga senshu (anthology of renga) in the late Muromachi era.
- 2月7日 (旧暦)に二条院に迎えられた中の君は匂宮から手厚く扱われる。
- Arriving at Nijoin on February 7 (old lunar calendar), Naka no kimi was given a warm reception by Nioumiya.
- しかし、多くの人が集まり盛大になりすぎ、かえって目的を果たせなかった。
- However, many people came and the gathering became too splendid, so he could not achieve his aim.
- 近代以降、狂歌は全くふるわず、現在でも愛好者の多い川柳と対照的である。
- After the modern period, Kyoka has been very dull in contrast to Senryu (comic haiku), which still enjoys wide popularity today.
- とよみけるを聞きて、限りなくかなしと思ひて、河内へも行かずなりにけり。
- When he heard her read this poem, he was so moved that he no longer went to Kawachi.
- されけれど、このもとの女、あしと思へるけしきもなくて、いだしやりけり。
- However, the woman showed no sign of anger when she sent him off.
- 浮舟を不憫に思った中将の君は、彼女を二条院の中の君のもとに預けに行く。
- Feeling sorry for Ukifune, Chujo no kimi was going to place her under the care of Naka no kimi in Nijoin.
- 79番 秋風に たなびく雲の たえ間より もれいづる月の 影のさやけさ
- No. 79: The autumn wind was blowing. How bright was moonlight shining between the trailing clouds!
- 美貌で知られ、疱瘡で顔に傷痕が残って醜くなり自殺したとも言われている。
- Another theory is that he killed himself because he suffered from the ugly scars left by smallpox which deformed his once celebrated beautiful face.
- わが袖は 潮干(しおひ)に見えぬ 沖の石の 人こそ知らぬ 乾く間もなし
- My sleeves have not a moment to dry, just like the reefs lying offshore that cannot be seen even at low tide, although no one knows about it.
- これは「世の中を、人と関わり合いながら生きてゆくのは、苦しいものだわ。
- It means, 'It is hard to live a life connected with others.
- だが、御息所はその後病に倒れ、しばらく会わずにいた源氏も見舞いに赴く。
- However, Rokujo no Miyasudokoro fell ill after that, and Genji goes to ask after her although he had not tried to see her for a while.
- 新春を迎えた六条院は、この世の極楽浄土の如くうららかで素晴らしかった。
- To usher in the new year, the Rokujo estate was as beautiful and splendid as if it were the Pure Land in this world.
- 後付の逸話であるからこそ、年代の矛盾が出てくると考えるのが自然だろう。
- It is natural to think that since it was an added episode there are some contradictions on dates.
- が、孫の女一宮が東の対に住み、同じく二宮も寝殿を休み所とした(匂宮)。
- However, one of Genji's granddaughters, Onna Ichi no Miya (the First Princess), lived in the east wing, and Ni no Miya (the Second Prince) also spent much of his time at the main hall (in the 'Niou Miya' (His Perfumed Highness) chapter).
- 奥入(おくいり)とは、藤原定家によって著された源氏物語の注釈書である。
- Okuiri is a commentary on the Tale of Genji written by FUJIWARA no Sadaie.
- だが、江戸時代に至り駢儷文が否定されるようになると省みられなくなった。
- During the Edo period, however, nobody paid attention to it after the benreibun came to be rejected.
- 元嘉暦とは、中国・南朝の宋の何承天(かしょうてん)がつくった暦である。
- Genka reki was established by He Chengtian in Sung of the Southern Dynasty in China.
- 雄朝津間稚子宿禰天皇(をあさづまわくごのすくねのすめらみこと)允恭天皇
- Oasazumawakugo no sukune no Sumeramikoto, the Emperor Ingyo
- 言国卿記(ときくにきょうき)は、室町時代の公家、山科言国の記した日記。
- Kotokunikyo ki is a diary of Kotokuni YAMASHINA, a court noble in the Muromachi period.
- なお、棋譜は全く残っておらず、当時は棋譜を残す慣習もなかったとされる。
- The records of games of shogi were not left, and it seems not to have been common to leave such records in those days.
- 歌合を少なくとも3回開催し、また「古今和歌集」の撰者らと交流があった。
- He organized and held at least three poetry contests, and enjoyed friendly relations with the compilers of the 'Kokinshu' (Collected Waka from Ancient and Modern Times).
- 『新続古今和歌集』(しんしょくこきんわかしゅう)は、室町時代の勅撰集。
- 'Shin Shoku Kokin Wakashu' is an anthology compiled by imperial command in the Muromachi period.
- 『今昔物語集』『宇治拾遺物語』『世継物語』と共通する説話を多く有する。
- Many narratives in this book are also seen in 'The Konjaku Monogatarishu' (Tales of the Past and Present), 'The Uji Shui Monogatari' (Tales from Uji Collection), or 'The Yotsugi Monogatari' (Tales of Generations).
- 「久方の ひかりのどけき 春の日に しづ心なく 花のちるらむ」の作者。
- In the warmth of the sun on a tranquil spring day, how is it that the blossoms scatter in a rushed way?
- 我が心あやしくあだに春くれば花につく身となどてなりけむ(拾遺集404)
- Why did my heart become so shameless and attached to the flowers during spring? (Shui Wakashu 404).
- 女流日記のさきがけとされ、『源氏物語』はじめ多くの文学に影響を与えた。
- Her diary is considered a forerunner of the women's diary genre, and had a significant influence over a wide range of literary works, first and foremost the 'Tale of Genji.'
- (最初に2、最後にoneを置くのも洒落の類とみなせば二重の掛詞となる。)
- (The sentence starts with 'two' and ends with 'one'; taking this as a pun, it follows that it contains a double kakekotoba).
- 源方国(みなもとのまさくに)の子で、源信明(みなもとのさねあきら)の孫。
- He was a son of MINAMOTO no Masakuni and a grandchild of MINAMOTO no Saneakira.
- 連歌界での活躍は目覚しく、38歳で北野連歌会所奉行及び師匠となっている。
- His activities in the renga society was remarkable and he became the manager and instructor of Kitano Renga-kaisho (place of a gathering of renga poets) at the age of 38.
- 翌年、太政大臣(頭中将と葵の上の父)が亡くなり、その後も天変が相次いだ。
- The next year, the Daijo-daijin (Grand minister of state, the father of To no Chujo and Lady Aoi) passes away, and then a series of natural disasters came one after another.
- 別れを嘆く明石の御方に源氏はいつか必ず都へ迎えることを約束するのだった。
- Lady Akashi grieved at the parting, and Genji promised her that he would be sure to bring her to the capital someday.
- 新撰犬筑波集(しんせんいぬつくばしゅう)は、室町時代後期の俳諧連歌撰集。
- Shinsen Inu Tsukuba shu is a collection of haikairenga (a type of linked verse) that was made during the second half of the Muromachi period.
- 「雲隠」を含める数え方は中世以前に多く、含めない数え方は近世以後に多い。
- Until the medieval period people often included 'Kumogakure' among them, but since the early-modern period many people have been excluding it.
- 「最上川逆白波(さかしらなみ)のたつまでにふぶくゆふべとなりにけるかも」
- I wonder if there are white caps on Mogami-gawa River made by blowing snow in my home town.
- 内容的に、何らかの理由でひとまとまりにくくることが出来る複数の巻をいう。
- The chapters whose contents could be classified into the same group for some reasons were called narabi no maki.
- 本帖とそれに続く空蝉・夕顔の三帖をまとめて「帚木三帖」と呼ぶことがある。
- This chapter and the following two chapters of Utsusemi (The Cicada Shell) and Yugao (Evening Face) were called together the 'Three Chapters of Hahakigi.'
- 『日本書紀』は本文に添えられた注の形で多くの異伝、異説を書き留めている。
- 'Nihonshoki' records many heresies in the form of notes which added to the main text.
- 大日本根子彦国牽天皇(おほやまとねこひこくにくるのすめらみこと)孝元天皇
- Oyamatonekohikokunikuru no Sumeramikoto, the Emperor Kogen
- 日本足彦国押人天皇(やまとたらしひこくにおしひとのすめらみこと)孝安天皇
- Yamatotarashihikokunioshihito no Sumeramikoto, the Emperor Koan
- 地方にも文化意識が高まり、実隆も求められてたくさんの古典を書写している。
- The cultural standard in the countryside was raised, and Sanetaka was asked to transcribe many classics.
- ある日、竹取の翁が竹林に出かけていくと、根元が光り輝いている竹があった。
- One day, when Taketori no Okina goes to a bamboo thicket, he sees a bamboo whose base is shining.
- 貴族社会の世相を伝える説話も多く、後者は後世の説話文学へ影響を及ぼした。
- Godansho includes many stories about the trend of the aristocracy as well, and such stories appears to have had great influence on later narrative literature.
- 何せむにへたのみるめを思ひけん沖つ玉藻をかづく身にして(後撰集1099)
- Why did I give my heart to miru (a trough shell) on the foreshore even though I am a fisherman who takes alga by diving in offshore? (Gosen Wakashu 1099)
- 万寿元年(1024年)には姉が二女を残して亡くなり、なお物語に耽読した。
- In 1024, her older sister passed away, leaving the second daughter behind, and she was absorbed in reading more than ever.
- また、自邸の三条宮が焼失した後始末などで、薫も久しく宇治を訪ねていない。
- Meanwhile, Kaoru's residence, Sanjo no Miya was burnt down, so he gets busy taking care of the aftermath, and has not visited Uji for a long time.
- 薫は匂宮に宇治の姫君たちの存在を語り、匂宮はその話題にいたく興味を示す。
- Kaoru told Nioumiya about the daughters in Uji, then Nioumiya got passionately interested in them.
- ただし『寝覚』の独自性は作者の趣向であるという考えかたに基づく反論もある。
- However, there is an opposing theory based on the view that the originality of 'Nezame' is the author's style.
- 「その後山ちの露といふ物つくりて、たづねあひて対面し給へりと作りて侍り。」
- After that a book called Yamaji no tsuyu was made.'
- 類似した例に「落書」(らくしょ)があり、落首よりやや長めの文が公開された。
- 'Rakusho' (parodies) were similar in nature with slightly longer passages than those in rakushu.
- よくまとめられているので、初心者が俳句を作るときに参考にすることができる。
- Since it is well organized, beginners to haiku can refer to them when composing haiku poems.
- 44番 逢ふことの 絶えてしなくは なかなかに 人をも身をも 恨みざらまし
- No. 44: If I never saw her again, I would neither blame her nor lament my misery.
- そういうことはよくあり、現存する竹崎季長の『蒙古来襲絵詞』にも痕跡がある。
- Such things have often happened, for example, there is a trace in the existing 'Moko Shurai Ekotoba' (picture scrolls of Mongol invasion attempts against Japan) written by Suenaga TAKEZAKI.
- 金玉和歌集(きんぎょくわかしゅう)は、平安時代中期に書かれた私撰の和歌集。
- Kingyoku Wakashu is a personal collection of poetry written in the mid Heian period.
- ただし、本書の一部に虚構を想定するならば、源光行であってもおかしくはない。
- However, if it is assumed that part of this book is fictitious, it is not unreasonable that it could have been written by MINAMOTO no Mitsuyuki.
- 輝く日の宮(かがやくひのみや、かかやくひのみや)とは、『源氏物語』の巻名。
- Kagayaku Hinomiya (Kakayaku Hinomiya) (The Shining Princess) is the title of a chapter of 'The Tale of Genji.'
- が、当時の状況はその研究の公表を許さず、戦後ようやく発表されたのであった。
- However, the situation at that time did not allow him to release it, so that it was finally disclosed after the war.
- 第六段、イザナギが崩御し、スサノオは根の国に行く前に天照大神に会いに行く。
- The sixth section: Izanagi died and Susanoo (Deity in Japanese Mythology) went to see Amaterasu Omikami (the Sun Goddess) before going to Nenokuni (Land of the Roots).
- 新三十六歌仙(しん-さんじゅうろく/っ-かせん)は歌人に関する名数の一種。
- New thirty-six major poets is the name given to certain distinguished poets.
- 連歌師の肖柏や宗祇らとの親交を深め、とくに宗祇とは親密な交際となっていた。
- Sanetaka deepened friendships with Shohaku and Sogi, linked verse poets, and was especially a good friend of Sogi.
- 一説には『続三代実録』(ぞくさんだいじつろく)と呼ばれたとも言われている。
- According to one theory, it was called the 'Zoku Sandai Jitsuroku' (The Continued Veritable Records of Three Reigns of Japan).
- 『今鏡』は『続世継』(しょくよつぎ)とも『小鏡』(こかがみ)とも呼ばれる。
- 'Imakagami' is also called 'Shoku Yotsugi' or 'Kokagami.'
- さく花に思ひつくみのあぢきなさ身にいたつきの入るも知らずて(拾遺集405)
- How meaningless it is to attach to blossomed flowers, and you have no idea that disease is breaking into your body (Shui Wakashu 405).
- 訃報を知った姫君たちは、父の亡骸との対面を望むが、阿闍梨に厳しく断られる。
- The princesses, who are told about the death of their father, hoped to see his remains, but Ajari (a master in esoteric Buddhism; a high priest) refuses their request absolutely.
- 長歌が作られることがなくなるにつれて、和歌といえば短歌をさすようになった。
- As choka (literally, long poems) lost popularity, tanka came to be representative of the waka form of poetry.
- また、今後、さまざまな呼び方がされる新たな分野が登場してくる可能性はある。
- New and various names for new categories will most likely appear as time goes on.
- 太政大臣は妻を亡くし、母親の違う四人の子供たちをすべて引取って養育している。
- The wife of Dajodaijin (Grand Minister of State) passed away, and he was taking care of all of his four children, who had different mothers.
- 逢瀬の後はいくら掻き口説かれても靡こうとはせず、その後夫に従って京を離れた。
- So even after they sleep together, she did not give her heart to him, and she leaves the capital following her husband.
- それによると鸚鵡の舌は人間の舌に似ているから、よくものを言うのだろうとある。
- Yorinaga wrote that the parrot could talk well because it had a tongue that looked like that of human.
- 説話色が濃く、構成に一貫性はないものの、和歌の故事などが詳しく記されている。
- The book provides detailed accounts on how waka poems are created, though it reads as a collection of anecdotes without structural coherence.
- 作者は藤原成範(~1187)である蓋然性が高く、成立は12世紀後半とされる。
- It was most probably written and completed by FUJIWARA no Shigenori (d. 1187) in the late 12th century.
- 義経及びその主従などの登場人物たちがよく感情を表し、生き生きと書かれている。
- The figures in it, including Yoshitsune, his retainers, and other characters, often reveal their emotions, and are described in a very vivid manner.
- 子に公忠と同じく三十六歌仙の一人である源信明(みなもとのさねあきら)がいる。
- One of his sons was MINAMOTO no Saneakira, who is regarded as one of the Sanjurokkasen (36 Immortal Poets) along with Kintada.
- 紫の上は美々しく装った童たちに持たせた供養の花を贈り、中宮と和歌を贈答した。
- Lady Murasaki sent gorgeously dressed young girls to deliver flowers for the memorial service, and exchanged waka poems with the empress.
- また、現代日本語の直系の祖先と言える和漢混淆文によって多くの作品が書かれた。
- Also, many works were written using a style that mixed Japanese and Chinese words, which can be said to be the direct predecessor of the modern Japanese language.
- 軍記物としては文学的な潤色も少なく全体に公平な立場から実録的に書かれている。
- It is considered a true record of war which was written fairly without much embellishment.
- 内大臣も今度は喜んで腰結いを引き受け、裳着当日ようやく親子は対面を果たした。
- The Minister of the Palace was then willing to take the role of koshi-yui, and on the day of Mogi, the father and daughter finally met each other.
- どの薫物も皆それぞれに素晴らしく、さすがの蛍宮も優劣を定めかねるほどだった。
- Every incense smelled so wonderful that even Hotaru no Miya could not decide which was better.
- 独立した注釈書だけでなく写本の注記にも年立に関する考察は数多く記されている。
- There is a lot of speculation about the chronologies, not only in separate commentaries but also in annotations in manuscripts.
- 現在「輝く日の宮」という巻が存在しない理由については、以下のような説がある。
- There are several theories on why the 'Kagayaku Hinomiya' chapter doesn't exist now, as follows:
- この順で原型をよく保っており、下に行くほど後世の付加・改変が大きいとされる。
- They preserved the original form in this order, and the closer it comes to the present time, the more the manuscripts are said to have been revised by posterity.
- 佃(つくだ):官田や荘園で農民に種子・農具を貸与して全収穫を徴収した直営田。
- Tsukuda: rice fields such as kanden and shoen (a private estate) directly managed by other people, where seeds and farming tools were lent to the farmers and all of the harvest was collected.
- 夏草や兵どもが夢の跡(なつくさや つわものどもが ゆめのあと):岩手県平泉町
- Natsu-kusa ya/tsuwamono-domo ga/yume no ato (Mounds of summer grass - the place where noble soldiers one time dreamed a dream): Hiraizumi-cho, Iwate Prefecture
- また、度重なる戦争のため、時代の変化とともに収入が滞ることが多くなっていく。
- Also because of the repeated wars and the change of the times, they often lost their source of income.
- 源順(みなもとのしたごう)、清原元輔・平兼盛・恵慶など多くの歌人と交流した。
- He cherished friendships with many poets such as MINAMOTO no Shitago, KIYOHARA no Motosuke, TAIRA no Kanemori, and Egyo.
- 日本語以外の俳句では五・七・五のシラブルの制約がなく、季語もない場合が多い。
- In these haiku poems, there is no 5-7-5 syllable constraint, and in many cases there are no kigo (seasonal references).
- 多くの公達と関係があり、特に源信明(みなもとのさねあき)との関係は深かった。
- She had relationships with many scions of nobility, and was especially intimately related to MINAMOTO no Saneaki.
- なかでも単独でも鑑賞に堪える自立性の高い発句、すなわち地発句を数多く詠んだ。
- In particular, he composed many jihokku, i.e. independent hokku (the opening verse of the haikai and the renga) that are praiseworthy in their own right.
- 天皇の日常の御座所となる清涼殿から(後宮の内では)最も遠く、北東の方角にある。
- It was situated at the northeast corner of kokyu, most remote from Seiryo-den Gozasho (living room for an Emperor).
- また仏教にも造詣が深く、『三宝絵詞』『空也誄(くうやるい)』などを撰している。
- He also had a deep knowledge of Buddhism and compiled 'Sanpo-ekotoba' (a Japanese literary collection of Buddhist narratives), 'Kuya-rui' (a eulogy for Kuya, a Buddhist priest during the 10th century) and so on.
- 門下には、木下幸文・熊谷直好など数多くおり、明治時代初期まで続いた、とされる。
- Disciples include Takafumi KINOSHITA and Naoyoshi KUMAGAI, to name but a few, and it is said that this school survived to the early Meiji period.
- 落首(らくしゅ)は、平安時代から江戸時代にかけて流行した表現主法の一つである。
- A rakushu (a satirical poem with a 31 syllable verse) is a vehicle of expression which was prevalent from the Heian to the Edo period.
- 身寄りのなくなった少女を、源氏は父兵部卿宮に先んじて自らの邸二条院に連れ帰る。
- Ahead of her father, Hyobukyo no Miya, Genji took the girl, who had lost her relatives to depend on, to his residence, Nijoin.
- 二人は長ずるにつれて互いに顔を合わせるのが恥ずかしく感じ疎遠となってしまった。
- As they got older they became shy about seeing each other, and they ended up distancing themselves from each other.
- よって「史料」としての価値は低く、今日ではあくまで「物語」として扱われている。
- As a result, its value as a 'historical record' is considered low, and today it is treated as nothing more than a 'story.'
- かくて、少年の日の高麗人の予言は実現を見、光源氏は栄華の絶頂に立ったのである。
- And thus, the prophecy that Hikaru Genji was told by someone from Goryeo when he was a boy came true, and he was in the height of his prosperity.
- しかし、農閑期の一時的な出稼ぎ戦争に、妻子を伴ってくるようなことはあり得ない。
- But it could be impossible that they had brought wives and children in a temporary war during an off-season for farmers.
- そのため、それ以後の俳句は、必ずしも正風を継承しているとはいえなくなっている。
- Consequently haiku in the later ages cannot necessarily be said to have succeeded Shofu.
- だが恥じ入る余り顔面蒼白となり、声も震えてうまく読むことが出来なかったという。
- He was so ashamed, however, that his face lost its color and with a trembling voice he was unable to recite properly.
- また採用された写本に異文がある箇所でも校異が記載されていないことも少なくない。
- In addition, it was not unusual that the differences in the texts were not written down even in areas where the adopted manuscript had the differences.
- 古くから俳諧師は旅をして暮らしたことから、情報収集をともなったと言われている。
- Because haikai poets traditionally lead itinerant lives, they are thought to have also collected information.
- 差貫(さしぬき):袴の裾に紐を通し、着用時にくるぶしでくくれるようにしたもの。
- Sashinuki: a kind of hakama whose bottom is threaded to fasten the bottom at the ankle.
- 右衛門尉と同年齢、特に美人というわけでもないが、心ばえはよく、夫に仕えている。
- She is as old as Uemon no jo, and not so beautiful but a person with a good heart, serving her husband.
- 大半の装丁に冊子と巻子が用いられており、ごく一部が折り本と断簡で残されている。
- Most of the diaries were preserved in a shape of booklet or kansu (a scroll), and only limited parts of them were preserved taking the form of folded books and fragmentary leaves of books.
- 和泉式部のもとに、為尊親王の弟冷泉天皇第四皇子帥宮敦道親王の消息の便りが届く。
- One day, Izumi Shikibu hears from Imperial Prince Atsumichi of Sochi, who was a younger brother of Imperial Prince Tametaka and the Fourth Prince of Emperor Reizei.
- 上下巻にわかれており、上巻は、堀河天皇の看護を、下巻は鳥羽天皇についてを描く。
- The book consists of two volumes, with volume one depicting Nagako's days as a nurse for Emperor Horikawa prior to his death, and volume two describing Emperor Toba.
- 六条斎院宣旨(ろくじょうさいいんのせんじ生没年不詳)は、平安時代後期の女流歌人。
- Rokujosaiin no senji (year of birth and death is not clear) was a female waka poet in the late Heian period.
- おとなしく実直な性格だが、滑稽なまでに古風で堅苦しく、世間知らずの面を露呈する。
- Although she was quiet and honest, her way of thinking was hilariously old-fashioned and formal, so she exposed her naiveness.
- このような理由により、一次史料ほどの信頼性が無く、一般的には低い評価がなされる。
- Consequently, such chronicles are entirely unreliable as primary sources, and are thought poorly of in general.
- 小式部内侍の逸話は、『十訓抄』や『古今著聞集』など、多くの説話集に採られている。
- Anecdotes concerning Koshikibu no Naishi were collected in many collections of anecdotes such as; 'Jikkinsho' (A Miscellany of Ten Maxims) and 'Kokon Chomon ju' (A collection of Tales Heard, Past and Present).
- しかし宮との間に一女(宮の御方)をもうけながらも、夫婦仲はしっくりいかなかった。
- However, she bore him a daughter (Miya no onkata), but they did not get along with each other.
- 巻名は薫が詠んだ和歌「橋姫の心を汲みて高瀬さす棹のしづくに袖ぞ濡れぬる」に因む。
- The title of this chapter was derived from the waka poetry which Kaoru (Hikaru GENJI's grandson) composed: 'Wet are my sleeves as the oars that work these shallows. For my heart knows the heart of the lady at the bridge.'
- 前衛短歌は、比喩の導入、句またがり、記号の利用といった技法上の特徴が数多くある.
- Avant-garde tanka poetry has many technical features such as the use of metaphors, ku-matagari (verse straddling), and the employing of symbols.
- 平中物語(へいちゅうものがたり)は、平安時代に成立した歌物語(平仲物語とも書く)。
- Heichu monogatari (The Tale of Heichu) (written 平中物語 or 平仲物語) is a story told through poems that was completed during the Heian period.
- 作者不詳で、多くの異本があるが、中でも真名本曽我物語が最も古く良く取り上げられる。
- The author is unknown and there are many alternative versions, among which the tale of Soga mana-bon (a book written with the Chinese characters) is the oldest and often comes on.
- 薫は比叡山の奥・横川(よかわ)を訪ね、小野で出家した女について僧都に詳しく尋ねた。
- Kaoru visited Yokawa, deep in Mt. Hiei, and asked sozu (a prelate) in detail about a woman who had become a priest at Ono.
- 『蒙求』『白氏文集』などを主要な出典とし、多くは有名な故事を題材としたものである。
- The stories are mainly based on 'Meng-qui' (Beginner's Guide) and Bai Juyi's 'Bai-Shi Wen Ji,' most of which recount well-known ancient stories.
- 現在出版されている『源氏物語』の学術的な校訂本の多くはこの大島本を底本にしている。
- Many of the recently-published academic recensions of 'Genji Monogatari' use it as an original text.
- 帰って来た妹尼は驚き悲しむが、尼になった浮舟はようやく心が安らぎを得た思いでいる。
- Although imotoama was shocked and deplored when she returned, Ukifune felt at ease after having become a nun.
- もろともにいふかひなくてあらむやはとて、河内の国高安の郡に行き通ふ所いできにけり。
- The man developed intolerance of poverty and began to frequent another woman in Takayasu county in Kawachi Province.
- 淡路島 かよふ千鳥の 鳴く声に 幾夜寝覚めぬ 須磨の関守(「金葉和歌集」冬288)
- How many times did the barrier-keeper at the Suma checking station wake tonight at the sounds of plovers flying from the Awaji-shima Island? ('Kinyo wakashu' Winter, 288)
- 衝撃を受けた帝は、実の父を臣下にしておくのは忍びないと考え源氏に位を譲ろうとした。
- Shocked, the emperor thought he could not tolerate keeping his biological father being his subordinate, and tried to abdicate the throne in favor of Genji.
- 源氏は紫の上に気を遣いながらも、御堂の様子を見に行くとの口実でようやく大堰を来訪。
- Although worrying about Lady Murasaki, Genji goes over to Oi at last on the pretext that he would check on how the temple was going.
- まんまと玉鬘を奪われた源氏は悔しさを噛みしめ、なおも未練がましく幾度か文を送った。
- Genji, thus deprived of Tamakazura, was bitter and still attached to her, and sent her several letters.
- 幼少の頃から輝くばかりの美貌と才能に恵まれ、「光る君(ひかるきみ)」と綽名される。
- Being blessed with shining beauty and talent as a child, he was given the nickname 'Hikaru Kimi' (literally, shining prince).
- また、しばらく後に書かれた『狭衣物語』の主人公である狭衣大将にも影響を与えている。
- It also influenced Sagoromo no Taisho, the main character of 'Sagoromo Monogatari (The Tale of Sagoromo),' which was written shortly after 'Genji Monogatari.'
- そのため、それらが一見明らかで無いだけでなく異なった解釈が生まれる余地が存在する。
- As a result, not only are they unclear, they are also open to varying interpretations.
- 花山天皇は和歌に対する関心が深く、前年の寛和元年8月10日にも歌合を開催している。
- Emperor Kazan was deeply interested in waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables) and held another utaawase on September 2, 985.
- 五山のいわゆる官学に対してではなく、庶民や茶人・連歌師・文化人に影響を与えている。
- He had an influence not on what is called kangaku (national university) of gosan (Zen temples highly ranked by the government), but on common people, experts in the tea ceremony, linked-verse poets and cultured people.
- 以下六条御息所とその父の大臣だけの系譜など、小規模な系譜がいくつか並べられている。
- After this, small-scale genealogies such as the one concerning only Rokujo no Miyasudokoro and her father, Minister, were attached.
- 内容は慈光寺本を除くと、後鳥羽上皇の記述から始まり、土御門上皇の配流に終っている。
- Except the Jiko-ji bon, all the books begin with a description of the Retired Emperor Gotoba and ends with the exile of the Retired Emperor Tsuchimikado.
- 京極派(きょうごくは)は、鎌倉時代中期から室町時代初期にかけての和歌の流派の一つ。
- The Kyogoku school (Kyogokuha) was a school of waka poetry that existed from the middle of the Kamakura period into the beginning of the Muromachi period.
- くれはつる 年をしみかね うちふさば 夢見むほどに 春はきぬべし(「安法法師集」)
- I mourn the passing year so much that while I lie down having a dream, spring must come. ('Anpo hoshi shu')
- 伯父藤原兼家の養子となり元服、従四位上左近中将に至ったが23歳の若さでなくなった。
- After he was adopted by his uncle, FUJIWARA no Kaneie, he celebrated his coming of age, becoming Sakon Chujo (Middle Captain of the Inner Palace Guards) with Jushiijo (Junior Fourth Rank, Upper Grade), but died young at the age of twenty-three.
- この世のものとは思えないほど美しくなった娘に、人を呼んで名前をつけることになった。
- She becomes an incredibly beautiful lady, and someone is called to give her a name.
- 最後に残ったのは好色といわれる5人の公達で、彼らはあきらめず夜昼となく通ってきた。
- Five young court nobles who are said to be lecherous remain, and they keep visiting his house day and night.
- そこで美しく成長し、土着の豪族大夫監の熱心な求愛を受けるが、これを拒んで都へ上京。
- She grows to be a beautiful woman there, and is eagerly asked to marry by the local Gozoku, Taifu no Gen, but she turns him down and returns to Kyoto.
- そこへ冷泉帝から誘いがあり、馳せ参じた源氏ら一同は明け方まで詩歌管弦に興を尽くす。
- Then Emperor Reizei invites them to his place, and Genji and the others who hurry there stay up until dawn enjoying poetry and music.
- 二千円札では縦書きの詞書の上半分でカットされているため、文章が読めなくなっている。
- Because \2,000 notes do not contain the lower part of the foreword which was written vertically, it is impossible to read it.
- この歌は国語の教科書に広く採用されており、百人一首の中で最も有名な歌の一つである。
- This poem is used widely in Japanese textbooks, and is one of the most famous poems in Hyakunin Isshu (one hundred waka poems by one hundred poets).
- 木の間より見ゆるは谷の蛍かもいさりに海人の海へ行くかも(玉葉集400。また孫姫式)
- I wonder if what I see from the trees is the light of a firefly flying about the valley or isaribi (a fire lit on a boat to lure fish) of a fisherman going out to the sea to catch fish (Gyokuyo shu 400, or Hikohimesiki/Kagakusho).
- – 2つの意味を持つ同音異義語を用いて2つの文脈を繋ぐ、あるいは展開していく技法。
- A technique using homonyms, a word having the same spelling but different meanings, to achieve two distinct contexts within the same verse.
- 薫の懸命の看病もむなしく、十一月、薫に看取られる中で草木の枯れていくように息絶えた。
- In November, despite Kaoru's care lavished on her, she passed away with Kaoru at her side as if plants and trees had died off.
- 今上帝 (源氏物語)は、母女御を亡くし後見人もいない女二宮を託したい旨を薫に告げる。
- The present Emperor Kinjo no Mikado told Kaoru that he wanted Kaoru to look after Onnaninomiya, who lost her mother and had no guardian.
- 中将の君はまもなく浮舟を連れて陸奥守(のちに常陸介)と再婚し、東国に長く下っていた。
- It was not long before Chujo no kimi got remarried to Mutsu no kami (deputy minister of regional administration in Mutsu) (later Hitachi no suke (Assistant Governor of Hitachi Province)), and together with Ukifune they lived in eastern part of Japan for a long time.
- 真木柱のあとに現在の源氏物語には見られない「さくらひと」なる巻の存在が示されている。
- After the 'Makibashira' (The Cypress Pillar) chapter, it mentions a chapter called 'Sakura hito' that does not appear in the present Tale of Genji.
- 『枕草紙旁註』(まくらのそうしぼうちゅう)は、江戸時代に著された『枕草子』の注釈書。
- 'Makura no Soshi Bochu' is a book written in the Edo Period, which is a collection of marginal notes on 'Makura no Soshi' (the Pillow Book).
- 近代以降の多くの源氏物語の印刷本や事典・ハンドブック類には「年立」が収録されている。
- Many printed books, encyclopedias and handbooks on The Tale of Genji published in modern times include 'toshidate'.
- 上記の六帖は、源氏物語世界の中の時間的な位置付けでは、大きく以下のの二つに分かれる。
- Within the time scale of the story of the Tale of Genji, the above six chapters are roughly divided into two as follows.
- 朗詠百首(ろうえいひゃくしゅ)は、和漢朗詠集等の詩句を題とし、和歌に翻案した定数歌。
- The Roei Hyakushu (a hundred medieval Japanese court songs) is a set of waka written while keeping with a theme set by using verses in various anthologies like the Wakan Roei Shu (Collection of Japanese and Chinese Court Songs).
- 「子育て幽霊」の話は、親の恩を説くものとして多くの僧侶に説教の題材として用いられた。
- Kosodate Yurei' has been used by many monks for preaching the kindness of parents to their children.
- 下命時の後花園院は十五歳の若年ながら詩歌管弦の造詣深く、御製も多く伝わる好文の賢主。
- When Gohanazono in ordered to compile the anthology, he was only 15, but had a profound knowledge of poetry and music, being known as a wise Emperor who made many poems.
- 多くの要素を含んでいるため、他作品との類似性ないし他作品からの影響が指摘されている。
- Because of so many different elements, the resemblance to or influence of the other works has been pointed out.
- 勅撰和歌集(ちょくせんわかしゅう)は、天皇や太上天皇の命により編集された歌集のこと。
- The term 'chokusen wakashu' represents an anthology of Japanese poetry complied under order of an emperor or a retired emperor.
- 長く埋もれていたのを昭和18年(1943年)発見され、「古本説話集」と暫定的に命名。
- This book had been in obscurity for a long time until it was discovered in 1943, when it was temporarily named 'Kohon Setsuwashu.'
- 九月、浮舟は、妹尼が初瀬詣での留守中、折りよく下山した僧都に懇願して出家してしまった。
- In September, Ukifune implored sozu who accidentally returned from Mt. Hiei at the time and became a nun while imotoama was absent from home for Hatsusemode.
- 真福寺本に比べて欠落部分が多く、筆蹟も奔放で訂正加筆が目立ち、内容も異なる部分が多い。
- Compared to the Shinpukuji bon, there are many missing sections and the handwriting is extravagant and unrestrained; later corrections and additions stand out dramatically from the rest of the text, and many sections actually differ in content as well.
- ついにある夜、薫は思いを打ち明けて近づくが、懐妊の身の中の君がいとおしくなり自制した。
- One night, at last, Kaoru went to tell her about his feelings, but he found the pregnant Naka no Kimi adorable, and restrained himself.
- 右少将にまで昇ったものの、961年(応和元年)若くして比叡山延暦寺の延暦寺横川で出家。
- Although he rose to Ushosho (Minor Captain of the Right Division of Inner Palace Guards), he became a Buddhist priest at the Yokawa precinct of Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei in 961, although he was still young.
- 雲居の雁のところへ出向いて説教し、またあまりに姫君らしくない近江の君の処遇に思い悩む。
- He visited Kumoi no Kari and gave her a scolding, while he was at a loss what to do with Omi no Kimi, who was not like a princess at all.
- 源氏は里下がりした藤壺への恋慕がますます止みがたく忍んでいくが、藤壺に強く拒絶される。
- Genji's feelings for Fujitsubo, who had returned to her family's place, become harder and harder to bear, and he stealthily visits her though he is strongly rejected.
- やがて玉鬘は男子を出産し、その後は出仕することもなく髭黒の正室として家庭に落ち着いた。
- Before long, Tamakazura gave birth to a son, and after that she did not serve at the Imperial palace, staying at home as Higekuro's wife.
- 山崎宗鑑のものに後代次々と増補されていったと考えられ、異本が多く収録内容も多様である。
- It is thought that the personal collection of Sokan YAMAZAKI was enlarged periodically in later years, and there are many variants of the collection and the contents differ among them.
- 源氏も夕霧 (源氏物語)がなかなか身を固めないことを案じ、それとなく他の縁談を勧める。
- Genji was also anxious about Yugiri, who had difficulty getting married, and encouraged him indirectly to marry another woman.
- 花に鳴く鶯、水に住むかはづの声を聞けば、生きとし生きるもの、いづれか歌をよまざりける。
- How could they refrain from making poems when they listen to nightingales in the blossoms or frogs in the water?
- 戒名を寂超と称し、同じく出家した兄弟の寂念・寂然とともに大原三寂・常盤三寂と呼ばれた。
- His Buddhist name was Jakucho, and with his priest brothers Jakunen and Jakuzen, they were called Ohara no sanjaku (three Jaku in Ohara) or Tokiwa no sanjaku.
- 主要な写本として以下のような写本があり、そのうちのいくつかは複製(影印)刊行されている
- There are major manuscripts among which are published by duplication (photograph), see the following:
- 日本文学史上の傑作『源氏物語』は54帖より成る長編であり、非常に多くの人物が登場する。
- 'The Tale of Genji,' which is a long tale and consisting of 54 chapters, is a masterpiece in the history of Japanese literature, and quite a number of characters appear in the tale.
- この「貴国」を「二人称的称呼」(あなたのおくに)とそれまでの日本の学者は誤解していた。
- The previous Japanese scholars thought wrongly that this '貴国' showed 'your country.'
- 古い時代の天皇の寿命が異常に長い事から、『日本書紀』の年次は古くから疑問視されてきた。
- Since the length of life of emperors in ancient times was extremely long, the dates of 'Nihonshoki' has been questioned since old days.
- 白髪武広国押稚日本根子(しらかのたけひろくにおしわかやまとねこのすめらみこと)清寧天皇
- Shiraka no takehirokunioshiwakayamatoneko no Sumeramikoto, the Emperor Seinei
- 親王・摂家・武士・文人の間に広く交流を持ち、特に松永貞徳や小堀遠州との交流が深かった。
- He enjoyed interactions with literati, members of the warrior class, nobles of the regent and advisor families, and even Imperial princes, while his relationships with Teitoku MATSUNAGA and Enshu KOBORI were especially close.
- しかし京で母夕顔を探す当てもなく、神仏に願掛けし、長谷寺の御利益を頼み参詣の旅に出る。
- However, she does not know how she can find her mother, Yugao, so makes a petition to the gods and Buddha, setting out for Hasedera Temple to seek divine favor.
- 『水鏡』独自の記事があるわけではなく、皇円が著した『扶桑略記』から抄出したものである。
- There is no article that is unique to 'Mizukagami,' but all of them are taken from sections of 'Fuso ryakki' (A Short History of Japan) written by Koen.
- しかしこの形式は室町時代から続くもので、俳諧連歌として歌われていた形式そのものである。
- However, this form of poetry has continued since the Muromachi period, and its form is identical to that of haikai renga.
- 但し、英語においても、以下のような同音もしくは類似音を利用した技巧が使われることがある。
- As is shown below, however, figures of speech that use homophones or similar sounds are sometimes employed in English.
- 10世紀前半の政治史を知るうえでの基本史料で、朝廷儀礼や政務に関する記述が多く見られる。
- It is a fundamental historical resource for understanding the political history of the first half of the 10th century and contains many descriptions relating to imperial court etiquette and government affairs.
- 源氏も宰相(参議)に進むが、ますます手の届かなくなった藤壺への思慕はやむことがなかった。
- Although Genji was also promoted to prime minister (or Sangi, councillor), he could not stop loving Fujitsubo, who was more than ever beyond his reach.
- また、測可能な言葉を省くことにより、余韻を残したり時間的な「間」を表現することにもなる。
- This enables the creation of an allusive feeling or the expression of temporal 'space.'
- 薬石効なく、ついに修験者が呼ばれ祈祷が始まると、生霊は怒り、鬼の姿(後ジテ)で現われる。
- All remedies having proved ineffective, an ascetic Buddhist monk was called at last, and when prayers began, the wraith got angry and appeared in the form of an ogre (known as Nochijite, or the Shite that appears on the scene after nakairi)).
- 三条天皇が東宮(皇太子)であったころ下級の女房である女蔵人(にょくろうど)として仕えた。
- She served as Nyokurodo (a lower-ranking court lady) for the Emperor Sanjo who was Togu (the Crown Prince) at the time.
- 長く地方官である丹後掾であったことから曾丹後(そたんご)とも曾丹(そたん)とも称された。
- Because Sone had been a local officer, Tango no jo (Secretary of Tango Province) for a long time, he was called 'So-Tango' or 'Sotan.'
- だが、明石入道は桂川 (淀川水系)近くの山荘を修理して娘をそこへ住まわせることに決めた。
- The Akashi Priest, however, decided to prepare a mountain retreat near the Katsura-gawa River (The Yodo-gawa River system), and to have his daughter live there.
- 若く美しい玉鬘を得て有頂天の髭黒を、源氏は内心の衝撃を押し隠して丁重に婿としてもてなす。
- Genji kept his consternation absolutely secret, and treated Higekuro, who was ecstatic about getting married to young and beautiful Tamakazura, with courtesy as his son-in-law.
- 但し現在では須磨の巻から起筆されたとする伝承は事実に基づくものではないと考えられている。
- However, now the legend that she began to write the story from the Suma chapter is not considered to be based in fact.
- 近代以降の歌人の多くは結社文学での「結社」に所属し、その結社の雑誌に作品を発表している。
- After modern times, there has been a tendency for many tanka poets to belong to an association as association literature has been common, and they publish their works in their own association magazines.
- やがて外国の研究者の注目も集めるようになり、古典から現代文学まで幅広く研究対象になった。
- It eventually came to attract the attention of foreign scholars, and Japanese literature, from classical literature to the modern, was widely made an object of study.
- 初めて父頭中将の姿を見た玉鬘だったが、それ以上に源氏そっくりな冷泉帝の端麗さに見とれる。
- Tamakazura saw her father, To no Chujo (the first secretary's captain), for the first time, but she was more fascinated by the beauty of Emperor Reizei, who looked exactly like Genji.
- 「輝く日の宮」という巻名の付け方は他の『源氏物語』の巻名の付け方とあまりにも違いすぎる。
- The naming of 'Kagayaku Hinomiya' is completely different from the way other chapters of 'The Tale of Genji' are named.
- その編纂が仮に事実であったとしても、口承伝承に多く頼らざるを得なかったと推定されている。
- Even if that compilation had been true, it is guessed that it had to have largely relied on oral traditions.
- 元嘉二十二年(445年)から施行され、百済にも日本にもかなり早く伝来したといわれている。
- It was implemented since 445 and it is said to be transmitted to Baekje and Japan at a very early stage.
- 日本書紀の「紀卅卷」が現在までほぼ完全に伝わっているのに対して系図は全く伝わっていない。
- While the '30 volumes of Ki' of Nihonshoki has been transmitted almost completely until today, the genealogy has not been left.
- 天皇の名には、天皇在世中の名である諱(いみな)と、没後に奉られる諡(おくりな)とがある。
- An emperor has imina, the name during the reign, and okurina which is given after the death.
- 「日本文徳天皇実録(略称・文徳実録)」の編纂にも関与したが、完成する前に亡くなっている。
- He participated in the compilation and editing of the 'Nihon montoku tenno jitsuroku' (Record of the Reign of Emperor Montoku of Japan, usually shortened to Montoku Jitsuroku), but died before the work was complete.
- 文明 (日本)17年(1485年)2~3月には囲碁の記述が多く、しばしば盤を囲んでいる。
- In the diary written between February and April in 1485, Sanetaka often mentioned the game of go.
- 盲目の琵琶法師だったという説もあり、一方で盲人ではなく、単に乞食であるとする伝承もある。
- One theory said that he was a blind biwa-playing minstrel, but another said that he was not blind, just a beggar.
- 晩年の三島由紀夫が本物語に強く惹かれて、輪廻転生をテーマとした『豊饒の海』を残している。
- Late in his life, Yukio MISHIMA was strongly attracted by this tale and wrote 'Hojo no Umi' (The sea of Fertility) based on the theme of Rinne Tensho.
- 現在はインターネットの普及も影響して、枡野浩一など歌壇に全く属さない歌人も登場している。
- With the advent of the internet, there are increasing number of poets who do not associate themselves to any tanka circles with Koichi MASUNO being a famous example.
- 常陸宮と呼ばれるれっきとした皇族の一人娘だが、後ろ盾である父親を早くに亡くし困窮していた。
- She was the only daughter of Prince Hitachi, one of the descended Imperial Family members, but she lost her father, who could have been her supporter, so was in hard straits.
- 全体的に中世前期の他の軍記物語とは大きく趣が異なり、軍記物語というより伝奇物語とも言える。
- Overall, it differs greatly from other early medieval war chronicles; one might call it less a war chronicle and more a fictional romance.
- 比叡山の麓の小野の庵に移されてしばらくたった夏の終わりごろ、浮舟はようやく意識を回復する。
- After being moved to a hermitage located at Ono, the foot of Mt. Hiei, Ukifune recovered consciousness at last in late summer.
- 受領ながらも裕福で家柄も卑しくない常陸介のところには、それを目当てにした求婚者が多かった。
- Many suitors for Ukifune's hand came to Hitachi no suke because he was rich and of good birth for his rank, zuryo.
- 1041年(長久2年)の「祐子内親王家名所歌合」をはじめとして、多くの歌合に参加している。
- He took part in many utaawase (poetry contest) starting with the 'meisho utaawase in the house of Imperial Princess Yushi' in 1041.
- 34番 誰をかも 知る人にせむ 高砂の 松も昔の 友ならなくに(「古今和歌集」雑上909)
- No. 34: Who shall I become friends with, when even the pines of Takasago are not my old friends anymore? ('Kokin wakashu' Miscellaneous I, 909)
- 奥入では先行する注釈である「源氏釈」を重要視しており、多くの項目でその見解を引用している。
- In Okuiri, he regards the earlier commentary, the 'Genji Shaku,' as important, and quotes a lot of opinions from it in many sections.
- 芭蕉が主体たる蕉門俳諧は芭蕉自身諸国を行脚し、深く自然と人生に思いを秘め「正風」を弘めた。
- Basho was the core of Shomon (Basho School) Haikai, and he traveled to various parts of the country to spread 'Shofu' (right style) with deep thought over the nature and human life.
- 赤彦の住む諏訪湖を望む小高い丘から見ると、湖の沖より氷が解け広がり波打ってくるのが見える。
- Looking at Lake Suwa from Akahiko's home at the top of a small hill, the heaving of melting ice offshore began to expand.
- それ以後河内本は研究者の目にほとんど触れなくなり、近代まで世に埋もれてしまうこととなった。
- Since then, Kawachibon rarely attracted researchers' attention until recent times and was buried alive.
- 底本に対する異文の表記は大きく青表紙本、河内本、別本のそれぞれについて分けて記されている。
- Variant sentences to the original text were written in the following rough categories: the Aobyoshi-bon manuscript, the Kawachi-bon manuscript, and the Beppon manuscript.
- しかし、まもなく再度体調を崩し、『源氏物語大成』の刊行を見届けた後12月に死去してしまう。
- However, he got out of condition again, and passed away in December after he ascertained publication of 'Genji monogatari taisei.'
- このような態度は底本である大島本についてだけでなく校合に使用した諸写本についても見られる。
- Such attitude can be seen not only when he consulted the Oshima-bon manuscript, the original text, but also when he referred to other various manuscripts he used for collation.
- それは今までになく見事なものであった、として猿楽のジャンルを列挙し、また名人の批評を行う。
- It is the most splendid play he has ever seen, so he begins to list genres of sarugaku and make comments on its masters.
- その他にも、書紀古写本に見られる声点付きの傍訓は何らかの由緒ある説に基づくものと見られる。
- In addition to this, it seems that the bokun (kana (Japanese syllabary)) with shoten in old manuscripts of Shoki were based on any historic theory.
- 記述は、文明_(日本)6年(1474年)から文亀2年(1502年)までの30年近くに及ぶ。
- It covers about 30 years from 1474 to 1502.
- とくに出家後の永正17年(1520年)以降は、荘園からの収入が詳細に記されるようになった。
- In particular, after 1520 when he became a priest, he came to write about incomes from shoen in detail.
- ただ、オリジナルの説話は少なく、『今昔物語集』など先行する様々な説話集と共通する話が多い。
- However, few original setsuwa tales were included, and many of the tales appear in earlier collections like the 'Konjaku monogatari shu.'
- 特に下巻は、文中、現在と過去がめまぐるしく入れ替わり、堀河天皇を追慕する心情を描いている。
- In volume two, Nagako alternates between the past and the present describing sentiments of cherishing the memory of Emperor Horikawa.
- 『落窪物語』(おちくぼものがたり)は、10世紀末頃に成立したとされる中古日本の物語である。
- 'Ochikubo monogatari' (The Tale of Ochikubo) is a tale of Japan's middle ages, which reportedly originated around the end of the tenth century.
- 登場人物たちの心理を克明に観察し、精緻な描写によって定着させてゆく独特な手法が特徴的である。
- The story is characteristic in the sense that it uses a unique technique of establishing the characters by precise observation and exquisite depiction of their mentalities.
- 行く末を せきとどめばや 白河の 水と共にぞ 春もゆきける (『後拾遺和歌集』歌番号146)
- I want to bank up the lower Shirakawa River; spring has gone away with the river water. ('Goshui Wakashu,' poem number 146)
- 1033年(長元6年)には源倫子の70歳の祝賀で屏風歌を進詠したほか、多くの歌合で活躍した。
- In 1033, she composed and presented byobu-uta (screen poems) for MINAMOTO no Rinshi on the celebration of her 70th birthday, as well as flourishing in many Utaawase (poetry competition).
- 大島雅太郎はさまざまな書物の古写本を収集したため、「大島本」の名で呼ばれる古写本は多くある。
- As Masataro OSHIMA collected old manuscripts of various kinds of books, there are many old manuscripts called by the name 'Oshima-bon.'
- 69番 あらし吹く み室の山の もみぢばは 竜田の川の 錦なりけり(「後拾遺集」秋・366)
- No. 69: The colored leaves in the Mt. Mimuro where a stormy wind blows were like brocade floating on the Tatsuta-gawa River.
- 昔、幼なじみの男女が、筒井筒(=丸い井戸の竹垣)の周りで、たけくらべをしたりして遊んでいた。
- Long ago, a boy and a girl, who were childhood friends, were playing together around a tsutsuizutsu (a bamboo fence around a round well) comparing their height.
- 破談で家に身の置き場のなくなった浮舟は、今は匂宮の北の方となった異母姉の中の君に預けられた。
- After the marriage proposal was withdrawn, Ukifune couldn't stay at home any more and she was put in custody of her elder paternal half-sister Naka no kimi, who was then the wife of Nioumiya.
- 辛い思いをしている人の家の上を、なんとまあやすやすと過ぎてゆく雨だこと。」という意味である。
- How easily the rain passes over the house of those having a difficult time.'
- 内容は諸史料と比較しても正確で信頼性が高いとされ、現在まで多くの歴史学研究で利用されている。
- Confirmed by various historical materials, the contents are said to be accurate and reliable, so it has often been used for the study of history until today.
- 『枕草子春曙抄』(まくらのそうししゅんしょしょう)は、江戸時代に書かれた『枕草子』の注釈書。
- 'Makura no Soshi Shunshosho' is a commentary on Makura no Soshi (The Pillow Book) written in the Edo period.
- これらの説から『奥の細道』は紀行本ではなく仙台藩の内部を記した報告書であるという見方もある。
- Based on these theories, some view 'the Narrow Road to the Deep North' as a report that describes the inside of the Sendai Domain, not a travelogue.
- これは、書かれた当時においては、時代が近く自明のことなので書かれなかったなどと言われている。
- It is said that because those generations were close to the time when Shimotsumaki was written, specific issues were omitted.
- 市井の女にふさわしくない教養に興味を持った源氏は、身分を隠して彼女のもとに通うようになった。
- Genji, who got interested in the woman who is intelligent unlike an ordinary person, concealed his social status and went to visit her often.
- その美貌ゆえ求婚者が多く、中でも有力者である肥後の豪族大夫監の強引な求婚に困り果ててしまう。
- Because she was a beautiful woman, there are many suitors, and she is unnerved by especially Taifu no Gen (Audit Commissioner), a leading figure of Gozoku (local ruling family) in Higo Province, who asks her to marry him aggressively.
- 技巧化は更に進み、現実の体験ではなく、頭の中で作り上げた世界を詠んだものがほとんどを占めた。
- Poems became more refined, and many were composed not out of actual experiences but out of the vivid imagination of the authors.
- 時を同じくして加藤治郎 (歌人)・荻原裕幸・穂村弘らニューウェーブと呼ばれる歌人が登場した。
- Around the same time, there appeared poets known as the New Wave that included Jiro KATO, Hiroyuki OGIHARA, and Hiroshi HOMURA.
- 歌学(かがく)は、和歌の本質・作法、古歌の解釈、故実、歴史など和歌に関する総てを研究する学問。
- Kagaku is a study that researches everything related to waka, such as its essence and mannerisms, the interpretation of old waka, ancient practices and history.
- 多くの場合三条西家系統の青表紙本系の本文にさらに河内本や別本からの混入が見られる本文であった。
- Most of the text were a mixture of the Aobyoshi-bon manuscripts from the Sanjonishi family, the Kawachi-bon, and the Beppon.
- 香川正矩はその原典というべき『陰徳記』を書くも、万治3年(1660年)執筆半ばにして逝去した。
- Although Masanori KAGAWA began writing the 'Intokuki,' judged to be the source on which Intoku taiheiki is based, he died in 1660, before making it more than halfway through the writing.
- 36番 夏の夜は まだ宵ながら 明けぬるを 雲のいづくに 月宿るらむ(「古今和歌集」夏166)
- No. 36: The short summer night is already over though I thought it was evening still--where in the clouds, I wonder, will the moon stay. ('Kokin wakashu' Summer, 166)
- 48番 風をいたみ 岩うつ波の 己のみ くだけて物を 思ふころかな(「詞花和歌集」恋上210)
- No. 48: Just as waves striking against crags because of roaring winds are broken, only my heart shatters and I'm still thinking of you. ('Shika wakashu' (Waka Collection of Verbal Flowers), Love I, 210)
- 例えば 「芭蕉野分して盥に雨を聞く夜かな」 松尾芭蕉 は8・7・5で、上5が8の字余りである。
- For example, 'Basho hears the storm at night through a basin' by Basho MATSUO, is a case of jiamari with 8-7-5 syllables.
- 3月20日頃、源氏は春の町で船楽(ふながく)を催し、秋の町からも秋好中宮方の女房たちを招いた。
- On March 20 or so, Genji held a concert performed on boats at the spring wing, and also invited the ladies-in waiting of Empress Akikonomu from the autumn wing.
- それを耳にした玉鬘は、光源氏に引き取られた自身の幸福をしみじみと感じ、光源氏に心を開いてゆく。
- Hearing the rumor, Tamakazura becomes keenly aware of her luck in being adopted by Hikaru Genji, and gradually opens her heart to him.
- 20世紀第三四半期の学説では、義家は多くの関東の武士を引き連れて、後三年の役を戦ったとされる。
- According to the theory in the third quarter of the 20th century, Yoshiie was considered to have fought in Gosannen no Eki with many samurai of Kanto region.
- 公任は当時の関白藤原頼忠の子であるが、幼くしてその才能は認められ、前年の歌合にも参加していた。
- Kinto was a son of FUJIWARA no Yoritada, the then Kanpaku (chief advisor to the Emperor) whose talent was recognized from his childhood, and participated in the utaawase of the previous year.
- 足利尊氏の執奏により、延文元年(1356年)6月、後光厳天皇から綸旨がくだり、1359年撰進。
- In July, 1356, Emperor Gokogon gave an order to make the anthology due to Takauji ASHIKAGA's suggestion, and it was completed and dedicated to the Emperor in 1359.
- 大伯父僧都によると母親が亡くなって10余年たち、北山に病気療養に来ていた光源氏に垣間見られる。
- According to her great-uncle, Sozu, ten years had passed since her mother's death before she was found by Hikaru Genji, who had visited Kitayama to receive medical treatment
- この間は中国の史書に記述がなく、考古学的文字記録は無いことから、「謎の4世紀」と呼ばれている。
- During this period, there is no description in history books in China and no record of archeology, so that it is called 'the mysterious fourth century.'
- 家事一切に秀でているが、中でも糸つむぎ、機織り、染色、裁縫などは褒め足りないくらいすばらしい。
- She is good at many kinds of housework, especially spinning, weaving, dying, and sewing.
- 天福 (日本)元年(1233年)には三浦義村や藤原定家の調停を受けるまでに騒ぎは大きくなった。
- It turned into a big disturbance and Yoshimura MIURA and FUJIWARA no Teika had to mediate between these two people in 1233.
- 『承久軍物語(じょうきゅういくさものがたり)』『承久兵乱記』(同名異書あり)などとも呼ばれる。
- It is also called 'Jokyu ikusa Monogatari' (The Tale of the Jokyu War) or 'Jokyu heiran ki' (The Tale of the Jokyu Disturbance) (there is a book with the same title but different contents).
- 求愛に対しても、悩み迷いながらも最後まで品良く矜持を守り通し、貴公子である源氏を感心させている。
- Even when Genji makes an advance to her, she maintains her honor gracefully to the last though she is afflicted, which makes Genji, a young noble, deeply impressed.
- 第三部は、26歳になった女君が帝に迫られるなどの苦難に遭いながら思索を深めていく様子が描かれる。
- Chapter three portrays the woman at the age of 26, deepening her thoughts through hardships she underwent, such as the Emperor's advance on her.
- ともあれ、逸話の記載も多く、かつ孤高の英才政治家の栄達と失脚の記として官界の実態を活写している。
- To return to the subject, with many anecdotes, 'Taiki' is a document of the height and downfall of a lone and gifted politician that gave us a racy description of the government of the time.
- 源氏物語で最も細かく容貌を描写された女性で、美男美女ぞろいの源氏物語の中では異色の不美人である。
- In The Tale of Genji, she was a female character whose appearance was described most elaborately, and an unusually plain woman among the other beautiful characters.
- 「風が吹くと沖の白波が立つ竜田山を、夜中に貴方は一人で越えているのでしょうか。(ああ、心配だ)」
- When the wind blows, white waves appear at sea beyond Mt. Tatsuta, are you climbing over the mountain all alone at night. (alas, I am worried)'
- 母同様恋多き女流歌人として、藤原教通・藤原定頼・藤原範永など多くの高貴な男性との交際で知られる。
- Just like her mother, she was known as a female poet who fell in love with many noble men such as FUJIWARA no Norimichi, FUJIWARA no Sadayori, and FUJIWARA no Norinaga.
- 数年前に娘を亡くした妹尼は、浮舟を初瀬観音からの授かりものと喜び、実の娘のように手厚く看護した。
- Imotoama, who lost a daughter a few years before, thought Ukifune as the gift of Hatsuse kannon (the goddess of kannon at the Hatsuse-dera Tempe) and nursed her warmly.
- 71番 夕されば 門田の稲葉 おとづれて 芦のまろやに 秋風ぞ吹く (「金葉和歌集」秋・183)
- No. 71, 'Yusareba kadotanoinaba otozurete ashinomaroyani akikazezofuku' (In the evening, visiting rice plants in the rice field in front of the gate, an autumn wind blows into my house.) ('Kinyo wakashu' (Kinyo Collection of Japanese poems) Autumn, 183).
- 37番 白露に 風の吹きしく 秋の野は つらぬきとめぬ 玉ぞ散りける(「後撰和歌集」秋中308)
- 37. The dew on the leaves scattered over the windy field in autumn look like pearls spread all over the field without being threaded through by a string. ('Gosen Wakashu' Autumn (2), 308)
- 38番 忘らるる 身をば思はず 誓ひてし 人の命の 惜しくもあるかな(「拾遺和歌集」恋四870)
- No. 38: I no longer care about my sorrow because I'm sunk into oblivion, but I hold only your life dear because of being afraid that you, who forgot me after such a solemn vow, might get your just deserts. ('Shui Wakashu' Love-4, 870)
- 72番 音に聞く 高師の浜の あだ波は かけじや袖の 濡れもこそすれ(「金葉和歌集」恋下501)
- No. 72: It would be better not to take seriously the words of someone notorious for being flirtatious, or something that I might weep bitterly will happen. ('Kinyo wakashu', Love II, 501)
- 源氏から姫君を養女として育ててほしいと相談された紫の上は、元々子供好きなこともあり快く承諾する。
- Genji asked Lady Murasaki to raise the young lady as her adopted child, and as she was originally fond of children, she willingly accepted.
- 巻名は作中で明石の尼君が詠んだ和歌「身を変へて一人帰れる山里に聞きしに似たる松風ぞ吹く」に因む。
- The title comes from the waka poem composed by the Akashi Nun in the chapter, 'When I came back to a village in the mountain after taking the veil, a wind was blowing in the pines that was familiar to what I had heard in the old days.'
- 予想以上の美しさに心を奪われた兵部卿宮は想いを和歌で訴えるが、玉鬘はつれなくあしらうだけだった。
- Hyobukyonomiya was deeply attracted to her beauty, which was greater than he had expected, so he sent a waka poem to express his love to her, but she just ignored him.
- 例えば鎮守府将軍の場合は、将軍判授(将軍が選んで朝廷に申請)の従者として兼仗を置くことが出来た。
- For example, Chinju-fu shogun (Commander in Chief of the Defense of the North) could put Kenjo as a follower who was selected and admitted by Shogun.
- だが、もっぱら新聞等の投稿欄に作品を寄せている歌人も多く、その場合は特に「投稿歌人」などという。
- On the other hand, there are many poets who specialize in contributing their poems to the readers' columns in newspapers and so on, and the term 'contributing tanka poets' has gained wide recognition.
- なお「光源氏」とは「光り輝くように美しい源氏」を意味する通称で、本名が「光」というわけではない。
- Hikaru Genji' is a nickname that means 'A beautiful and shining Genji,' hence his actual name is not 'Hikaru' (shining).
- 町工場に朝早くから夜遅くまで懸命に働く人々、そこに働く庶民たちに思いを寄せた新鮮な社会詠である。
- This original shakaiei was devoted to those who work hard in small factories from early in the morning until late at night as well as the common people working in these areas.
- これは当時最も重要視されて、よく利用されていたのがこの系統の本文であったからだと考えられている。
- It is because this line of manuscript were considered important and often used in those days.
- 章立てが現在行われている青表紙本・河内本という区分が成立する以前と以後とで大きく分けられている。
- The book was roughly divided into the two parts: before and after the distinction between the Aobyoshi-bon and the Kawachi-bon was drawn.
- 後村上天皇の女御であり、長慶天皇・後亀山天皇の双方あるいは少なくとも一方の生母と推定されている。
- She was the nyogo (a court title given to a consort of the Emperor) of Emperor Gomurakami, and seems to have given birth to both Emperor Chokei and Emperor Gokameyama, or at least one of them.
- 実際に収入は年を追うごとに減少しており、三条西家の経済が崩壊していく動きを見て取ることができる。
- In fact, his income had decreased year by year, and you can see the process of the Sanjonishi family's economical collapse in the diary.
- 宗祇にとっても、実隆は自身と朝廷との間の連絡役や相談相手として、なくてはならぬ存在となっていた。
- For Sogi, Sanetaka was a consultant and an important person who made contact with the Imperial court for him.
- 「帚木」巻で語られた「雨夜の品定め」で、「常夏の女」として名前が出てくるがその時は聞き流される。
- In the chapter of 'Hahakigi' (The Broom Tree), her name 'Tokonatsu no Onna' comes up in the conversation about 'rating woman on a rainy night,' but nobody paid much attention to her at that time.
- 夏、宇治を訪れた薫は、喪服姿の姫君たちを垣間見て、大君の美しさにますます惹かれてゆくのであった。
- In summer, when Kaoru visits Uji, he catches a glimpse of the princesses in the mourning clothes, and is attracted by the beauty of Oigimi more than ever.
- 短歌結社ではなくゆるやかなサロン的結合による雑誌であったが、おのずから反アララギ的色彩を帯びた。
- Nikko was not a tanka society but can be likened to a lounge with a relaxed atmosphere, although it naturally had an anti-Araragi color to it.
- 「日本書紀」や「古事記」の中に多くみられ、五音と七音の句を3回以上繰り返した形式のものが多かった。
- Many choka poems are found in 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan) and 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters), most of them are in the form with 5-7 phrases repeated at least three times.
- 朝早くに僧都から前日の事情を知らせる文が届いており、妹尼たちが浮舟の素性に驚いていたところだった。
- He visited when imoutoama and others were surprised to know Ukifune's background since they had received in the early morning the letter from sozu informing what happened the day before.
- 昔気質で気の利かない性質の為、引き取られてからも源氏を「こちらが恥ずかしくなる」と度々閉口させた。
- Her old-fashioned way of thinking and tactless nature often made Genji say 'I am ashamed' and embarrassed even after she was taken in by him.
- 意味的な切れ目を五・七・五の音の切れ目とは異なる場所に持ってくることで、リズムに変化を与える技法。
- This is a technique in which a variation is added to the rhythm by placing a semantic cut in a location different from what is commonly used for the 5-7-5 structure.
- 東宮妃となるべく育てられかつては薫との縁談もあったこの女房に、薫も同情しつつも関心を持ちはじめる。
- While feeing sympathy for her, Kaoru began to be interested in this nyobo, who was brought up to become the princess of the Crown Prince and Kaoru once had an offer of marriage with her.
- 死を間近に、薫や匂宮、母や中の君を恋しく思いながら、浮舟は匂宮と母にのみ最後の文を書きしたためた。
- Immediately before her death, Ukifune wrote letters only to Nioumiya and her mother though she loved Kaoru, Nioumiya, her mother, and Naka no kimi.
- 67番 春の夜の 夢ばかりなる 手枕に かひなく立たむ 名こそ惜しけれ(「千載和歌集」雑上961)
- No. 67: On a spring night, I laid my head on his arm, although it's just a one night dream, it's shame to hear, people whispering behind their fans (also No. 961 in the 'Miscellaneous' volume of 'The Senzai Wakashu' (The Collection of Japanese Poems of a Thousand Years).
- 六条御息所などは年齢に関する記述について古くからどうしても解決できない矛盾が存在するとされている。
- It has long been said that there exists an unsolvable contradiction about the ages of characters such as Rokujo no Miyasudokoro.
- 世の中にある人、事・業しげきものなれば、心に思ふ事を、見るもの聞くものにつけて、言ひいだせるなり。
- People in the world are likely to express what they have in mind every time they see and hear things as well as when they experience many things under various situations.
- その意味は下記のことである(ここに『日本書紀』ではなく『日本紀』とあることについては書名を参照)。
- What this means is as follows (for the reason why the title is 'Nihongi' instead of 'Nihonshoki,' refer to the title):
- しかしこれも、あくまで『三国史記』の原型となった朝鮮史書を参考にした記事だけに該当するものである。
- However, this calculation only corresponds to the articles which referred to Korean history books from which 'Samguk Sagi' originated.
- ほとんどの天皇については即位元年の末尾にこの大歳記事があるが、以下のようにいくつか例外が存在する。
- This article of tai sui exists in the end of the first year of enthronement for almost all emperors, but there are some exceptions.
- 園太暦(えんたいりゃく)は、「中園太政大臣」と称された南北朝時代 (日本)の公卿・洞院公賢の日記。
- Entairyaku is a diary of Kinkata TOIN, a court noble called 'Nakazono Dajodaijin' (Grand Minister) in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
- その後帥宮と和歌や手紙などを取り交わし、また数度の訪問を受けるうちにお互いを深く愛する関係となる。
- She begins to correspond with Prince Sochi through waka and letters, and meets him during his occasional visits, and before long, they fall deep in love with each other.
- 敦道親王が亡くなった後の、喪に服している一年の間(寛弘5年、1008年)に書かれたと言われている。
- It is believed that this work was written in 1008, during the one-year mourning period for Imperial Prince Atsumichi.
- なかでも「なげきつつひとりぬる夜のあくるまはいかに久しきものとかは知る」は百人一首にとられている。
- The following poem which appears in her diary also was selected for inclusion in the Hyakunin Isshu (One Hundred Waka by One Hundred Poets): I lie alone, forlorn, and sigh throughout the night, waiting for the dawn; can you imagine just how long such nights feel?'
- にもかかわらず、これに続く巻では昇進以前の官名のままで呼ばれているといった官名の記述に矛盾がある。
- Nevertheless, in the following chapters, there are inconsistent descriptions of official titles, for example, some characters are called by their old titles.
- 冷泉院は大喜びだがかえって周囲の者たちから嫉妬を買い、気苦労から大君は里下がりすることが多くなる。
- Emperor Reizei was greatly pleased, but Oigimi came to go back home frequently due to mental exhaustion because those around her were jealous.
- 本巻と帚木との間の不整合については両巻の間に輝く日の宮の巻の存在を想定して解決しようとする説もある。
- There is a theory which tries to correct the inconsistency between this quire and 'Hahakigi' by presuming that a quire, 'Kagayakuhi no Miya' (The Shining Princess), exists between them.
- 父も姉も亡くした中の君の元に、父の法の師だった宇治山の阿闍梨から例年通りワラビやツクシが届けられた。
- Naka no kimi who had lost his father and sister received, as in the past, brackens and horsetails from Ajari in Mt. Uji who used to be her father's religious master.
- 一周忌が済んで間もなく宇治市を訪れた薫は、大君の結婚を望む老女房の弁たちの手引きで大君の寝所に入る。
- Shortly after the memorial service for the first anniversary, Kaoru, who visited Uji, entered Oigimi's bedroom with the help of old maids such as Ben (a name of character), who wished for her marriage.
- 天智天皇の皇子施基皇子、聖徳太子の孫弓削王との説もあるが、伝承上の人物との説が最も多く使われている。
- There are views that he was Shikinomiko, a son of the Emperor Tenchi, or Yuge no Okimi, a grandson of Prince Shotoku, but the view accepted most widely is that he is simply a mythological figure.
- 藤壺の御前で物語絵合せが行われたのをきっかけに、帝の御前でも梅壺対弘徽殿の絵合せが華々しく催された。
- With a contest that had been held in front of Fujitsubo on inspiration, there was also a picture contest in front of the emperor between Umetsubo (Lady Plum Pavilion, i.e., Empress Akikonomu) and Kokiden, held in spectacular style.
- 明けて新年、相変わらず塞ぎこんでいる玉鬘に髭黒もようやく出仕を許す気になり、玉鬘は華々しく参内する。
- When the New Year came, Higekuro finally allowed Tamakazura, who spent her days in mourning, to serve at the Imperial palace, and she made a splendid entrance.
- 「桐壺」の巻の後半部分がかつて「桐壺」とは別の巻であり、その巻の巻名が「輝く日の宮」であったとする説
- The theory saying that the second half of the 'Kiritsubo' chapter was once separate from it and was called 'Kagayaku Hinomiya'.
- また、源氏物語本文に濁点・読点・振り仮名・傍注などを付して読みやすくするという工夫が加えられている。
- It also contains some devices to make it readable, adding voicing marks, commas, phonetic transcriptions in kana, side notes, and so on.
- 「桐壺」に続く巻であるが、さまざまな理由からこの間に「輝く日の宮」なる巻があったとされることがある。
- It follows the chapter of 'Kiritsubo' (The Paulownia Court), but some people consider that once there was a chapter called 'Kagayaku Hinomiya' (The Shining Princess) between them for various reasons.
- しかし、その中には定家の自筆本の一部や臨模本等の現在重要と考えられている写本がいくつか含まれている。
- However, of such manuscripts, there are a part of the manuscripts in Teika's own hand and some manuscripts of Rinmo-bon and so on, which are considered important now.
- 食道楽で酒飲み、夫の前では猫をかぶっているが、食べ物を前にすると犬のように舌なめずりしてかぶりつく。
- Although she plays the innocent in front of her husband, she lives for her food and is also a heavy drinker, so when she sees some food, she licks her lips and takes a big bite into it like a dog.
- 後鳥羽上皇の専制、三代将軍実朝の暗殺、合戦の原因・経緯などを述べて、土御門上皇の阿波配流までを書く。
- It covers the Retired Emperor Gotoba's autocracy, the assassination of the third Shogun Sanetomo, causes and details of the battle, and the Retired Emperor Tsuchimikado's exile to Awa.
- 『古事記』の書名は、もともと固有名詞ではなく古い書物を示す一般名であり正式名ではないと言われている。
- It is said that the title Kojiki was not originally a proper noun and was a general name that meant an old book, that is to say, it is not an official name.
- 25番 名にし負はば 逢坂山の さねかづら 人に知られで くるよしもがな(「後撰和歌集」恋三701)
- Number 25: 'Taking a name and bearing it, it would be good indeed to come unknown to men and walk among the vines on the slopes of Rendez-vous mountain' (a love poem in the third section, number 701, in the 'Gozen wakashu' (Later selections of waka from ancient and modern times)).
- また、女に飴を売る飴屋が坂の上にあるとしている伝承が多く、古事記の黄泉比良坂との関連をうかがわせる。
- Many traditions have it that the store where the woman buys candy is at the top of a hill, which implies that the story is related to the Yomotsu Hirasaka (the slope that leads to the land of the dead) in Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters).
- お大尽も大いに驚き主人ともども娘を葬った墓地へ行くと、新しい土饅頭の中から赤ん坊の泣き声が聞こえた。
- The wealthy person is very surprised too and goes to the graveyard with the storekeeper where his daughter was buried, hearing a baby crying in the new grave mound.
- ところが、それほどまでに望まれていた藤壺の子は桐壺帝の御子ではなく、その最愛の息子光源氏の子であった。
- However, Fujitsubo's child, who was expected so enthusiastically, was in fact, not Emperor Kiritsubo's, but the child of his beloved son, Hikaru Genji.
- 朱雀帝時代から斎院を長く続けたたため婚期を逃し、そのまま独身を貫き通して出家、物語の表舞台から消える。
- Because she had been Saiin for a long time since the reign of Emperor Suzaku, she missed the chance to get married, remained single, became a nun, then stepped off the center stage of the tale.
- 五月頃に懐妊し体調の悪い状態が続くが、経験に乏しい匂宮はそれに気づかず、中の君は心さびしい日々が続く。
- She became pregnant around May and remained in poor physical condition, but inexperienced Nioumiya did not notice and Naka no Miya spent her days in loneliness.
- 周辺に優れた歌人が多く、1116年(永久 (元号)4年)の鳥羽殿北面歌合をはじめ歌会・歌合などで活躍。
- Surrounded by a number of talented poets, he played an active role in many poetry gatherings and contests, including the Poetry Contest held at the North Wing of the imperial residence of Toba in 1116.
- なお、百人一首に「みかきもり衛士のたく火の夜はもえ昼はきえつつ物をこそ思へ」が能宣作として入っている。
- The following verse in the Hyakunin Isshu (One Hundred Poems by One Hundred Poets) is attributed to Yoshinobu: 'Just as a fire made by imperial guards flares up at night but is quenched by day, my love for you blazes up at night and torments me by day.'
- 和歌は儒家風で『白氏文集(はくしもんじゅう)』の詩句を和歌によって表現しようとしたところに特徴がある。
- His waka poetry is in a Confucianist style and is characterized by trying to express the lines of 'Bai-Shi Wen Ji' (a collection of poems by Hakkyoi, a famous Chinese poet) using the waka style.
- 姫君を将来の后がねと考える源氏は、その出自の低さを補うためにも、一日も早く姫君を都へ迎えたいと考える。
- As Genji considered the young lady as a candidate for empress in the future, he wanted her to move on to the capital as soon as possible to cover her humble origins.
- 現行の写本では、それぞれの写本ごとの異なりが非常に大きく、同じ部分に対して全く異なる注釈を加えている。
- Surviving manuscripts are all quite different from one another, with each one having completely different annotations for the same part.
- 『清少納言枕草紙抄』(せいしょうなごんまくらのそうししょう)は、江戸時代に書かれた『枕草子』の注釈書。
- 'Sei Shonagon Makura no Soshi Sho' is a book written in the Edo Period, commentaries on 'Makura no Soshi'(the Pillow Book) written by Sei Shonagon.
- かつて幻 (源氏物語)と匂宮の間に存在したと見られる「雲隠」の欠落を補う光源氏の出家などを描く「雲隠」
- The chapter 'Kumogakure' describes Hikaru Genji's becoming a Buddhist monk and other events, and supplements the missing 'Kumogakure' that is thought to have existed between the ''Maboroshi' (The Wizard) and 'Niou Miya' (His Perfumed Highness) chapters.
- 時間軸に関係付けられて、前にある巻の話に続く話ではなく前にある巻の話と同じ時間の話を並びと呼ぶとする説
- The view in light of time base: not a sequel to the previous chapter, but a chapter which had the same setting of time as the previous chapter was called narabi.
- 仙人のように舞い、鳥のさえずるように歌い、琴や鼓の音もすばらしく、天下の老若男女が貴賤を問わず訪れた。
- She dances as if she were a legendary wizard and sings like a bird; She plays the koto (Japanese zither) and taps a drum with the finger tips very well, so men and women of all ages in the world visit her regardless of differences in social standing.
- 飽腹鼓の胸骨(あいはらつづみのむなほね):満腹して腹鼓を打つ際の胸骨の動きを面白く見せたものかという。
- Breastbone of a man with full stomach: it would have been a performance showing the funny motion of the rib cage made when a man drums on his full belly.
- ※卷第三より以降の漢風諡号は、『日本書紀』成立時にはなく、その後の人が付け加えたものと推定されている。
- *The Chinese-style posthumous names after volume 3 were not seen at the time of the establishment of 'Nihonshoki,' so that they are guessed to be added by another person later.
- 学識豊富で有職に通じており、後花園天皇・後土御門天皇2代に渡って深い信頼を受け、長く賀茂伝奏も務めた。
- He was a man of great learning and well-versed in court lore, deeply trusted by Emperor Gohanazono and his successor Emperor Gotsuchimikado, and served as Kamo Messenger (a messenger from Kamo-jinja Shrine to the Emperor) for a long time.
- 古本説話集(こほんせつわしゅう)は、平安時代末期か、遅くとも鎌倉時代初期には成立したと見られる説話集。
- 'The Kohon Setsuwashu' is a narrative collection and is believed to have appeared during the end of the Heian period, or at the latest, during the early Kamakura period.
- 大伴黒主と記載される事もあるが、古代豪族の大伴氏ではなく、大友皇子(弘文天皇)の末裔と伝えられている。
- His name was sometimes written as OTOMO (大伴) no Kuronushi, but he was said to be the descendent of Prince Otomo(大友) (Emperor Kobun), not the Otomo (大伴) clan, which was one of the local ruling families in ancient times.
- 59番 やすらはで 寝なましものを さ夜ふけて かたぶくまでの 月を見しかな (「後拾遺集」恋680)
- Poem 56 - If I knew you were not coming, I would have gone to bed without hesitation. Since I believed your words, the evening went on and I waited you until I saw the moon set in the mountain in the west ('Goshuishu' Koi [Love] 680).
- 大きく橋姫から早蕨までの「大君・中の君物語」と宿木から夢浮橋までの「浮舟物語」とに分けられることがある。
- Uji jujo is often divided roughly into two parts: the first part is 'the Tale of Oigimi and Naka no Kimi' (the Tale of the Oldest and Second-oldest Sisters) which is from Hashihime to Sawarabi (Early Ferns), and the second part is 'the Tale of Ukifune' (the Tale of a Boat upon the Waters) which is from Yadorigi (the Ivy) to Yume no Ukihashi.
- 百首歌(ひゃくしゅうた)は、数を定めて詠う和歌(定数和歌)のひとつで、100首を単位として詠まれるもの。
- Hyakushuuta (The Set of One Hundred Poems, 百首歌) consists of one hundred poems as a unit, which are a type of waka composed with a predetermined number.
- 初期には子孫が先祖の家集を編むことが多く、自撰家集が盛んになるのは院政期から新古今期前後にかけてである。
- In the early days, descendants usually edited their ancestors' kashu until self-selected collection of poems became more mainstream between the Insei period (the period of cloistered Emperors) and roughly around the Shin Kokin period (c. 1205).
- 経国集(けいこくしゅう)は、平安時代初期の天長4年(827年)、淳和天皇の命により編纂された勅撰漢詩集。
- Keikokushu is an anthology of Chinese poems compiled at the command of Emperor Junna in 827 during the early Heian period.
- 後3巻ははやくに散逸したが、承暦2年(1078年)、仁和寺の済暹が遺稿を「続性霊集補闕鈔」3巻に編んだ。
- The last three volumes were dispersed and soon lost, but in 1078 Saisen, a priest in the Ninna-ji Temple, edited the posthumous writings into a three-volume book called 'Shoku Shoryoshu Hoketsusho.'
- が、『日本書紀』の本来の原文には当然漢風諡号はなく、天皇の名は諱または和風諡号によってあらわされている。
- However, naturally there is no Chinese-style posthumous name in the original text of 'Nihonshoki' and emperors' names are written by imina or Japanese-style posthumous name.
- 51番 かくとだに えやはいぶきの さしも草 さしも知らじな 燃ゆる思ひを(「後拾遺和歌集」恋一612)
- Number 51: Dare I speak what burns within? Though you know it not, I crackle in the moxa flames of love for you (Love poem 612 in the 'Goshui wakashu' (Later collected gleanings))
- 九大本の方が善本と認められ、正元 (日本)2年(1260年)以降、遅くとも室町時代中期までに書写された。
- The one belonging to Kyushu University (Kyudai-bon) is regarded as the complete text, which was copied by hand sometime after 1260, by the middle of the Muromachi period at the latest.
- 読史余論,讀史餘論(とくし・よろん)は、江戸時代の学者・政治家である新井白石が著した、日本政治史・史論。
- Tokushi Yoron (Lessons from History) is a political history of Japan and historical essay written by Hakuseki ARAI, a scholar and politician of the Edo period.
- そして当日、子の刻頃、空から人が降りてきたが、軍勢も翁も嫗も抵抗できないまま、かぐや姫は月へ帰っていく。
- On the day, around midnight, somebody comes from the sky, but the troops, the Okina and Ona can't resist, and Princess Kaguya goes back to the moon.
- 朝顔も源氏に好意を抱いていたが、源氏と深い仲になれば、六条御息所と同じく不幸になろうと恐れて源氏を拒んだ。
- Asagao also had a liking for Genji, but she refused him, being afraid that she would be unhappy as well as Rokujo no Miyasudokoro, if she got intimately involved with him.
- 日本文学(にほんぶんがく)とは、日本語で書かれた文学作品、もしくはそれらの作品や作家を研究する学問のこと。
- Nihon bungaku (Japanese literature) refers either to literary works written in Japanese or to the academic field that studies such works and their authors.
- 久安百首(きゅうあんひゃくしゅ)は、平安時代後期の1150年(久安6年)、崇徳院の命により作成した百首歌。
- Kyuan Hyakushu is the Hundred-Poem sequences developed by the command of Sutokuin in 1150 during the late Heian period.
- 女三宮の出家、落葉の宮の夫の死と、相次ぐ姫宮たちの不幸を嘆く朱雀帝から、女三宮のところに筍が贈られてきた。
- A bamboo shoot was sent to Onna Sannomiya (the Third Princess) by Emperor Suzaku, who lamented a series of misfortunes happening to his daughters such as Onna Sannomiya's becoming a nun, the death of Ochiba no miya's husband.
- 源氏物語を題材にした絵巻物は数多く存在し、「源氏物語絵巻」という固有の名称を持つ絵巻物もいくつか存在する。
- There are many picture scrolls on the subject matter of The Tale of Genji, and there are also some picture scrolls that have the proper name 'The Tale of Genji Emaki.'
- 但し以前よく使われていた一条兼良がまとめた旧年立では16歳となり、この他にも15歳説や19歳説も存在した。
- However, according to the old chronologies which was constructed by Kanera ICHIJO and frequently referred to before, he was 16, and moreover there were theories that he was 15 or 19 other than this.
- 藤原公任の撰にかかる三十六歌仙に倣って、重複なく新たに選ばれたもので、現在までに以下の二種確認されている。
- Following the example of the thirty-six major poets selected by FUJIWARA no Kinto, the new ones were selected with no overlapping, and so far there are two kinds of 'new thirty-six major poets' as follows.
- 満佐須計装束抄(雅亮装束抄)(まさすけしょうぞくしょう)は、平安時代末期に成立した仮名文の装束有職故実書。
- Masasuke's Notes on Court Costume is a book on court costume and lore written in kana that appeared at the end of the Heian period.
- その姿を覗き見ようと竹取の翁の家の周りをうろつく公達は後を絶たず、彼らは竹取の翁の家の周りで過ごしていた。
- Many young court nobles who try to take a peek at her constantly come and surround the residence of Taketori no Okina, spending their time around it.
- しかし、戦後、研究の進展や中村真一郎などによる王朝物語の再評価の機運にのって、広く注目を集めるようになった。
- However, it began to receive much attention after the war because of research advancements in this area, as well as re-evaluation of ocho monogatari by people such as Shinichiro NAKAMURA.
- 日本文学の定義を何に求めるかについては諸説あり、言語、発表された地域、文学の形式など多くの要素が考えられる。
- There are various theories about how to define Japanese literature, and many factors are considered, such as language, the area of publication, and literary form.
- 「夢浮橋」の後を補う後日譚にあたる匂宮の即位、薫と浮舟の結婚、薫と浮舟の出家などを描く巣守から八橋までの5帖
- The other five chapters, from 'Sumori' to 'Yatsuhashi,' are sequels to the final chapter 'Yume no Ukihashi' (The Floating Bridge of Dreams), and deal with events such as Niou Miya's accession to the throne, Kaoru and Ukifune's marriage and their becoming a Buddhist monk and nun.
- 現行の本文では、後のストーリーの展開に深く関わる重要な場面であるにもかかわらず描かれていないものが存在する。
- The present text has some episodes which are unwritten even though they deeply involve the development of the later story and are therefore important.
- 本書の成立には多くの研究者の協力があったほか、池田亀鑑の父宏文をはじめとする家族の協力もあったとされている。
- It is said that many scholars cooperated with Kikan IKEDA in making this book, and his family, especially his father Hirofumi, helped him with the work.
- 現代では本文とは独立した形で年立等と共に便覧やハンドブックのような形で提供される源氏物語系図も多く存在する。
- Today, there are many genealogies of The Tale of Genji which are independently produced in the form of a manual or a handbook together with chronological table and others.
- しかも常にその方針が貫徹されているわけでもなくもとの本文がそのまま採用されている場合もあるという状況である。
- Moreover, he did not always follow the policy, and sometimes used the text before correction.
- 仁賢天皇から推古天皇までは欠史十代ともいわれ、欠史八代と同じく系譜などの記述にとどまり具体的な著述が少ない。
- The generations from Emperor Ninken to Emperor Suiko is called the Kesshi-Judai (Ten Undocumented Sovereigns), and Shimotsumaki contains only issues such as a genealogy and few specific issues, as well as Kesshi-Hachidai (Eight Undocumented Sovereigns).
- スサノオがクシイナダヒメを救うため八岐大蛇を殺し、出てきた草薙剣(くさなぎのつるぎ)をアマテラスに献上する。
- Susanoo killed Yamatanoorochi (eight-forked-snake) in order to escape kushiinadahime (Princess Kushinada), and presented Kusanagi no tsurugi (a sacred sword) to Amaterasu.
- 新国史(しんこくし)とは、六国史最後の『日本三代実録』の後を受けて10世紀編纂されていたとされる日本の国史。
- The Shinkokushi is a national history of Japan that is said to have been compiled in the 10th century, following the 'Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku' (Veritable Records of Three Reigns of Japan), the last of the Rikkokushi (Six National Histories).
- 宇治山の阿闍梨から彼を知った薫は、その俗聖ぶりに強く惹かれ八の宮のもとに通うようになりますます傾倒してゆく。
- Kaoru, who came to know him through Ajari (a master in esoteric Buddhism; a high priest) in Ujiyama, was impressed by Hachi no Miya's solitary spiritual pursuits, and began to visit him, admiring him more and more.
- 例外はあるにせよ、源氏物語の多くの巻はストーリー上のそれなりの区切りと見られるところで終わっていることが多い。
- Although there are some exceptions, many of the chapters of The Tale of Genji ended at the point where the story was more or less completed.
- 世話を焼く妹尼たちの前ではかたくなに心を閉ざし、身の上も語らず、物思いに沈んでは手習にしたためて日を過ごした。
- In the presence of imotoama and others who attended her, she stubbornly shut her mind, told nothing about her conditions and spent the day doing Tenarai (writing practice) in a pensive mood.
- 二月、ようやく宇治を訪れた薫は、浮舟の思い悩むさまを女として成長したものと誤解して喜び、京へ迎える約束をする。
- When visiting Uji in February, Kaoru misunderstood Ukifune's worrying looks as the growth of woman and promised her that he would invite her to Kyoto.
- 巻名は作中で光源氏が藤壺の死を悼んで詠んだ和歌「入り日さす峰にたなびく薄雲はもの思ふ袖に色やまがへる」に因む。
- The title was named after the waka poem 'Being overwhelmed with grief, I'm wondering whether the color of the thin cloud over the ridges, which is covered by the rays of the setting sun, copied the color of the sleeves of my mourning dress.' that Genji composed in this chapter, mourning the passing of Fujitsubo.
- これに続く源氏物語の注釈書である藤原定家の奥入においても源氏釈は非常に重要視されており、数多く引用されている。
- FUJIWARA no Sadaie's 'Okuiri,' which was the next commentary on the Tale of Genji to appear, also regards it as highly important and contains a lot of quotations from it.
- 「百済本記に云はく、安羅を以て父とし、日本府を以て本とす、と」とあるように「任那日本府」もその中に表れている。
- A description that says 'Original records of Baekje wrote that Alla is the father country and Japan is the home country' shows, 'the Japanese Mimana Government' is also described in it.
- 「一書に曰く」の記述は異伝、異説を記した現存しない書が『日本書紀』の編纂に利用されたことを示すと言われている。
- It is said that the descriptions of 'a book says' show that the defunct books written heresies were used for the compilation of 'Nihonshoki.'
- これとよく似た記載が『実隆公記』の明応5年(1496年)正月8日にあり、『日本大文典』よりも110年ほど早い。
- A similar record to this can be seen in the entry dated February 1, 1496 in 'Sanetaka Koki' and it was about 110 years ahead of 'Arte da Lingoa de Iapam.'
- かぐや姫は「『私の言うものを持ってくることができた人と結婚したいと思います』と彼らに伝えてください」と言った。
- Then Princess Kaguya says, 'Please tell them that I would like to marry the man who will bring me something I want.'
- 寛仁4年(1020年)、父の上総国の任期が果てたので一家で上京し、三ヶ月ほどの旅程を経てようやく京へと入った。
- In 1020, her father's term of service in Kazusa Province expired, so after about a three-month journey, the family finally reached Kyoto.
- こんなときには何かと相談相手になり慰めてくれるのは薫だったが、その同情はしだいに中の君への慕情に変わっていった。
- Under these circumstances, Kaoru remained in her company and consoled her, and this sympathy changed into affection towards Naka no Kimi.
- 年も改まって春になり、ある夜花散里を訪ねようと出かけた源氏は、途中通りかかった荒れた邸が常陸宮邸であると気付く。
- The new year came and then spring; when Genji went out to visit Hanachirusato one night, he noticed that the devastated residence which he saw on his way was Hitachinomiya's.
- 仮に安田の想定通りであれば、京における郎党(同盟軍)の子弟という、京武者コネクションでの動員の可能性が高くなる。
- If Yasuda's assumption is true, it is highly probable that he was mobilized because of the connection between samurai in the imperial capital, that is, the fact that he was a child of roto (allied troops) in Kyoto.
- しかし、俳諧という、自然と人生に基礎を置く民衆的な文学を、形式・内容共に純芸術と完成せしめたのは松尾芭蕉である。
- Nevertheless, it was Basho MATSUO who brought haikai, popular literature based on the nature and human life, to the high art in its form and substance.
- いずれの説にせよ、作者を特定するには決め手に欠けるため、とりあえずは作者未詳とする他なく、今後の研究が待たれる。
- Since none of the theories are able to decisively identify the author, there is no alternative but to state that the author is unknown and await the findings of future research.
- 『古事記』に登場する神々が、多くの神社で祭神として祀られ、今日に至るまで日本の宗教文化に多大な影響を与えている。
- The gods that appeared in the 'Kojiki' are enshrined as saijin (main enshrined deities) in many shrines, and they have been significantly influencing the religious culture of Japan until today.
- とくに倉野憲司による岩波文庫版は、1963年の初版刊行以来、通算で約100万部に達するロングセラーとなっている。
- The Iwanami paperback edition by Kenji KURANO has sold a total of one million copies since it was first published in 1963, and became a long-selling book.
- 今日の学説では、初代神武天皇の即位年を辛酉(紀元前660年)とすることによって、年代を古くに引き上げたとされる。
- According to today's theory, it is considered that the dates were altered into older dates by defining the year of Emperor Jinmu's enthronement as Kanototori (660 B.C.).
- 元嘉暦が古く、暦が新しいにもかかわらず、『日本書紀』は、新しい暦を古い時代に、古い暦を新しい時代に採用している。
- Although Genka reki was older than Giho reki, the new calendar was adopted for the older age and old calendar was adopted for the new age in 'Nihonshoki.'
- ほかにも日本各地に竹取物語由来の地と名乗る地域があり、竹取物語(かぐや姫)をテーマにしたまちづくりを行っている。
- Other than this, there are some areas which people consider to be a place in connection with Taketori Monogatari, designing a town using a theme of Taketori Monogatari (Princess Kaguya).
- 源氏の弟宮である蛍兵部卿宮をはじめ、髭黒、柏木 (源氏物語)(実は異母兄弟)など多くの公達から懸想文を贈られる。
- She is sent many love letters by Kindachi (high-ranking nobles) such as Genji's younger brother, Hotaru Hyobukyo no Miya, Higekuro, Kashiwagi (half brother by a different mother), and so on.
- 石川・安東は亡くなったが、大岡、丸谷を中心に2006年現在も雑誌『すばる』誌上を中心に連句興行が続けられている。
- Although Ishikawa and Ando have already passed away, Oka and Maruya have continued, as of 2006, to hold gatherings to create renku, the results of which are published in the magazine 'Subaru.'
- 「万葉集」の時代になると、長歌の後にそれを要約する形で、短歌形式(五七五七七)の反歌を付け加えることが多くなった。
- By the time of Manyoshu, a Hanka poem in tanka form (5-7-5-7-7 phrases) was often appended to a Choka poem as a summary.
- 桐壺帝は最愛の源氏にそっくりな美しい皇子を再び得て喜んだが、それを見る源氏と藤壺は内心罪の意識に苛まれるのだった。
- Emperor Kiritsubo was delighted to have a beautiful prince who looked like exactly his beloved Genji, but Genji and Fujitsubo felt guilty in their heart to see that.
- 絵入源氏物語、湖月抄などの江戸時代の版本はこの写本の系統の本文に近く、源氏物語の解釈などには大きな影響力を持った。
- Books printed from engraved wood in Edo period such as The Tale of Genji with illustrations, Kogetsu-sho Commentary, and so on were close to the text derived from this manuscript, having a big influence on interpretation of The Tale of Genji.
- 少女の大伯父の僧都によると彼女は藤壺の兄兵部卿宮の娘で、父の正妻による圧力を気に病んだ母が早くに亡くなったそうだ。
- According to a priest, who was a grand-uncle of the girl, she was a daughter of Hyobukyo no Miya, an elder brother of Fujitsubo, and her mother passed away because she worried about pressure from the legitimate wife of her husband.
- 大君は父宮の遺志を継ぎ宇治の主として独身を貫く決意をしており、その一方で妹の中の君を薫と結婚させようと考えている。
- Oigimi had decided to become celibate for good as a master of the Uji residence, following her late father's will, but, on the other hand, she was planning to marry her younger sister, Naka no kimi, to Kaoru.
- このように総じて有季定型派よりも無季、自由律に眼を向けた俳人のほうがより深く季語の役割について考えをすすめている。
- It appears as though the poets who emphasize the muki style and are free from the traditional fixed style are, in general, more deeply interested in studying the role of the kigo when compared to those of the fixed style, uki school.
- また、義家の同時代人、藤原宗忠が「多く無罪の人を殺すと云々。積悪の余り」というのは、以下に引用する部分に符合する。
- In addition, a description by FUJIWARA no Munetada who lived in the same period as Yoshiie, saying 'He killed many innocent people. His piling sins may affect on his descendants,' corresponds to the descriptions as below.
- 大宮 (源氏物語)が亡くなり、内侍司に任命された玉鬘 (源氏物語)は孫として喪に服しながら、出仕を思い悩んでいた。
- Omiya passed away, and Tamakazura, who had been appointed to Naishi no tsukasa (female palace attendant), was in mourning for her grandmother, and was worried about entering the service.
- 一度は「輝く日の宮」が書かれたが、ある時期に作者の意向もしくは作者の近辺にいた人物と作者の協議によって削除された。
- Although the 'Kagayaku Hinomiya' was once written, it was deleted at some point by the will of the author herself or by consultation between the author and someone she knew.
- このうち、二条師基については、実の親子ではなく、後村上天皇の女御になるにあたって猶子となったとの見解も有力である。
- It is a dominant view that Moromoto NIJO was not her real father but adopted her when she became the nyogo of Emperor Gomurakami.
- 輪鼓(りうご):鼓の形をしたもの(中央部がくびれた筒状のもの)を、二本の棒に結びつけた紐の上で回しながら転がす芸。
- Riugo: a performance of spinning an object resembling an hourglass drum on a string attached to two sticks.
- 以上のように、第一の本妻に対しては、好色な老女として厳しく批判されているが、その分生き生きとした描写になっている。
- As mentioned above, the first lawful wife was described as a lecherous woman, which makes the work lively.
- 朱雀帝は、女三宮に譲った三条宮に彼女を移らせることを勧めるが、源氏はまだ若い妻を手放すのが惜しく首を縦に振らない。
- Emperor Suzaku recommends her moving to the Sanjo no miya residence which he gave to her, but Genji, who is reluctant to lose his young wife, will not agree.
- 承久の乱前夜において尚古傾向と末代意識が強く、理想的な帝王の姿を説くのは後鳥羽天皇への諫言が込められているという。
- Since this work was complied during the eve of the Jokyu War, it has a strong tendency to respect old political systems, and to remonstrate Emperor Gotoba by preaching the ideal emperor.
- 気のすすまぬまま夕霧の婿となった匂宮だが、六の君の美しさのとりこになり、中の君には次第に夜離れ(よがれ)が多くなる。
- Although Nioumiya reluctantly got married to Yugiri's daughter, he became enslaved by Rokunokimi's beauty, and gradually forgot to visit Naka no Kimi.
- しかしいざ自殺の実行の段階に至ると、どうしても思い切る事が出来ず、「鬼が私を喰い殺してくれれば」と嘆き悲しんでいた。
- When actually committing suicide, however, she didn't dare to do so and deplored saying 'I wish to be eaten by an ogre.'
- いずれも、いかに正確にかつ効率よく記述するかで悩んでいた(序文参照)編者・太安万侶の涙ぐましいまでの苦心の跡である。
- Any of these is the result of dedicated efforts of the compiler, O no Yasumaro who was struggled to accurately and efficiently describe the content (refer to the preface).
- 神武東征に始まり、ヤマトタケルや神功皇后の話など神話的な説話が多く、神の世と人の世の間の時代であることを示している。
- It begins with Jinmu tosei (story in Japanese myth about the first generation of the Imperial Family), and contains mythological tales such as Yamatotakeru or Empress Jingu, which means that it was the period between the god world and the human world.
- とはいえ経済的に苦しい状態が続いていたのは間違いなく、日記の全時期にわたって借金を意味する「秘計」の表現が見られる。
- However it is true that he was in straitened circumstances, and the word 'hikei' (a secret plan), which suggested debts, often appeared in his diary.
- 宗祇が各地に下向する際、実隆に色紙・短冊・扇などに筆を染ませ、帰洛の際に礼銭や土産ものを持ってくるようになっていた。
- When Sogi set off to the provinces, he had Sanetaka write poems on shikishi (a square piece of fancy paper for writing a poem on), tanzaku (a strip of fancy paper for writing a poem on), or ogi (a folding fan), and when Sogi returned to Kyoto, he brought Sanetaka souvenirs or paid him remunerations.
- 知らせを聞いた遺族が墓を掘り返してみると、棺のなかで赤ちゃんが生きており、死んだ女は顔色なお生けるがごとくであった。
- Knowing the news, the bereaved family dig up the grave to find a baby alive in the casket and the dead woman's face looks as if she were stile alive.
- 作品の評価は完成度の点で高くないとされるが、後鳥羽院の描いた王政復古の夢をやや批判的に首尾一貫した姿勢で書いている。
- The work is not valued highly, and it consistently and mildly criticizes Gotoba in's dream of the restoration of Imperial rule.
- 飾りつけもすっかり整った御堂で、源氏は尼姿の女三宮に後に残された悲しみを訴えるが、宮はつれなく言葉を返すだけだった。
- At the hall which has already been decorated, Genji complains to Onna Sannomiya, dressed as a nun, about his sorrow due to being left behind, but she just gives him a dismissive answer.
- 空蝉は後ろ盾となる父を早くに亡くし、後妻を探していた伊予の介の元に妻として引き取られて、地味で堅実な生活を送っていた。
- When Utsusemi was little, she lost her father who was supposed to be her supporter, so she was taken to wife by Iyo no suke, who was looking for a second wife, and she led a quiet and stable life.
- 俘囚である安倍氏 (奥州)・出羽清原氏が源氏と対等な武士として、短いが力強く描写されている初期軍記物語の代表作である。
- It is a representative early war chronicle which the Abe clan (Mutsu Province) who were fushu (northern barbarians) and the Dewa Kiyohara clan were compared to the Minamoto clan by depicting them as warriors who were short in stature but strong.
- 首藤氏に山内と出てくるのは、『尊卑分脈』において、首藤資通の孫の首藤義通に、山内刑部丞と傍注されているのが最初である。
- The name of Yamanouchi of the Sudo-clan appeared for the first time from Yoshimichi SUDO, a grandchild of Sukemichi SUDO, with a sidenote of Yamanouchi gyobu no jo in 'Sonpi Bunmyaku.'
- 源氏のところに戻った夕霧は、世間では源氏が玉鬘を側室の一人にするつもりだと噂していると言って、その真意を鋭く追求した。
- Yugiri came back to Genji, and tenaciously questioned him about what he really intended to do with Tamakazura, saying that there was a rumor that he would take her as one of his concubines.
- その『太平記』は、極めて近い年代の出来事を記述したにも関わらず、創作が多く、その史料価値は明治時代から否定されている。
- Most of the 'Taiheiki' was fiction although it described the events in almost the same period, so its value as historical material has been denied since the Meiji period.
- 夕霧が心配して見舞いにやってくると、柏木はそれとなく源氏の不興を買ったことを告げて、夕霧からとりなしてほしいと頼んだ。
- Yugiri became concerned and visited Kashiwagi, and he hinted to her that he had caused resentment of Genji and asked her to mediate.
- 御製(ぎょせい)とは、天皇や皇帝、また皇族が手ずから書いたり作ったりした文章(政令の類は除く)・詩歌・絵画などをいう。
- Gyosei refers to documents (aside from decrees), poems and paintings that have been personally written or created by emperors or royal family members.
- 下野守従五位下行長は、『平家物語』作者とされる信濃前司行長に比定されている人物で、本書の作者であってもおかしくはない。
- Yukinaga, Shimotsuke no Kami with the rank of Jugoinoge, is thought to be Shinano no Zenji Yukinaga who is considered to be the author of 'Heike Monogatari' (The Tale of the Heike), so it is possible that he also wrote this book.
- 元禄年間に早くも複数の系統が成立していることが、多くの写本の奥書から知られ、貴重な資料として喜ばれた様子が見て取れる。
- The colophons of many manuscripts show the fact that several lines had already appeared in the Genroku era, and it can be understood that the book was prized as precious source material.
- 師輔は九条に住んでいたことや、極官が右大臣であったことから、『九条右大臣記』『九条記』『九記』など多くの呼び名がある。
- Because Morosuke lived on Kujo Avenue and his highest office was minister of the right, there are various names for it such as 'Diary of the Kujo Minister of the Right,' 'The Kujo (Ninth Avenue) Diary' or 'Kyuki' (The Ninth Diary).
- 『九暦』は、九条の「九」と、当時の日記に多くが具注暦に書かれることから、具注暦の「暦」をとって後人が付けた名称である。
- The name 'Kyureki' was given in posterity by combining the 'nine' (ku/kyu) from Kujo (the ninth avenue) and 'calendar' (reki) from guchureki (a kind of almanac-like calendar), as many diaries were kept in guchureki in those days.
- 談話形式を取り、連関性を欠く古本系に対し、中世に改編・加筆されたと思われる類聚本の方では内容に沿って六部に分けている。
- The books of the old book type take on a conversational style and lack correlation between stories, while the books of the similar book type, which are thought to have included some additions and improvements during the Middle Ages, are divided into six sections which are based on themes.
- 現在残っている藤原定家の自筆本はごく断片的なものであり、できあがった定家の自筆本が一組だけなのかということも分からない。
- The extant manuscripts in FUJIWARA no Teika's own hand are incomplete, and it is unknown whether only one manuscript by Teika was made.
- 白川の自坊を「歌林苑」と名付け、そこに藤原清輔・源頼政・殷富門院大輔など多くの歌人を集めてさかんに歌会・歌合を開催した。
- He frequently hosted poetry gatherings and contests at his residence named 'Karin-en,' inviting a number of poets like FUJIWARA no Kiyosuke, MINAMOTO no Yorimasa, and INBUNMONIN no Taifu (Daifu).
- また醍醐源氏の左大臣源高明や光孝天皇、藤原道長、藤原伊周、源光 (公卿)、嵯峨天皇など多くの人々の名前が挙げられている。
- Other people who were considered possible models for Hikaru Genji were Sadaijin MINAMOTO no Takaakira of Daigo-Genji (Minamoto clan), Emperor Koko, FUJIWARA no Michinaga, FUJIWARA no Korechika, MINAMOTO no Hikaru (a court noble), Emperor Saga and so on.
- この説をとる場合には、ある時期に、もともとは無かった「輝く日の宮の巻」というものが存在するという話が発生したことになる。
- In the case that this theory was adopted, it would mean that a 'Kagayaku Hinomiya' which did not exist originally came into being at some later point.
- 自説を主張するだけでなくそれと対立する先行の説についても収載してあり、また基礎的な事柄からほとんどもれなく説明してある。
- He not only argues for his own theories, he also explains earlier theories that conflict with his, and he interprets nearly everything starting from the basics.
- 前にある巻の話に続く話の巻(縦の並び)と前にある巻の話と同じ時間帯の話の巻(横の並び)があるとする説(池田亀鑑などの説)
- The opinion that there were chapters which were sequel to the previous chapter (vertical narabi) or had the same time setting as the previous chapter (horizontal narabi) (the opinion advocated by Kikan IKEDA and others).
- 『日本紀』とする説は、『続日本紀』の上記養老四年五月癸酉条記事に、「書」の文字がなく日本紀と書かれていることを重視する。
- The theory of 'Nihongi' emphases that there is no character of 'sho' (書) in the above description on Mizunoto-Tori (kiyu), June 720 in 'Shoku Nihongi' but characters for Nihongi.
- 例年、『実隆公記』の元日は、これらの儀式について詳しく書かれているほか、朝廷の復興を望む記述が毎年のようになされている。
- Every year on the New Year's Day, Sanetaka wrote in 'Sanetaka Koki' about these ceremonies in detail and his hope of the restoration of imperial rule.
- とくに資直とは対局が多く、明応7年(1498年)から享禄4年(1531年)まで、34年に渡って資直との対局の記述がある。
- Notably, he had the chance to play shogi with Sukenao, and the diary contains the records over 34 years between 1498 and 1531.
- 好奇心旺盛な源氏と頭中将は冗談半分で彼女に声をかけていたが、年をわきまえずあからさまな媚態を振りまく彼女に辟易としている。
- Curious Genji and Tono Chujo (the first secretary's captain) talked to her half joking, but she acted coquettishly, which was unsuitable for her age, so they were bored with her.
- (奥入に第一次奥入と第二次奥入の二つがあることなどから、現在では定家自筆本は少なくとも2種類あるとする考えが有力である。)
- (Today the dominant opinion is that at least two manuscripts by Teika's own hand existed, considering that there are two kinds of Okuiri, the first and the second.)
- 常陸介からは疎んじられるが、中将の君は数多い子の中でも美しく高貴な血筋の浮舟を大切にし、良縁を願って大切にかしずき育てた。
- Although she was given the cold shoulder by Hitachi no suke, Chujo no kimi brought up Ukifune with great care hoping her good match since Ukifune was particularly pretty among Chujo no kimi's many children and came from a line of noble family.
- 和歌では、「後撰和歌集」や「大和物語」などに、雅子内親王(醍醐天皇皇女、斎宮)ほか多くの女流歌人との贈答歌が残されている。
- His verses in 'Gosen Wakashu' (the Later Collection of Japanese Poetry) and 'Yamato Monogatari' (the Tale of Yamato) are those of zotoka (poetic correspondence with the beloved), which he exchanged with many lady poets, including Imperial Princess Gashi (daughter of Emperor Daigo who became Saigu or Consecrated Princess of Ise).
- 一人髭黒の可愛がっていた娘(真木柱)だけは父の帰りを待つと言い張ったが、別れの歌を邸の柱に残して泣く泣く連れられていった。
- The daughter (Makibashira), whom Higekuro loved, declared that she would wait for her father alone, but was taken away crying, and left a poem of farewell on the pillar in the residence.
- 「輝く日の宮」についても一度書かれたものが誰かの命により(丸谷才一は藤原道長の意向を受けてのこととしている)取り除かれた。
- The 'Kagayaku Hinomiya' was also written once and then also destroyed on orders of someone else (according to Saiichi MARUYA, it occurred at the request of FUJIWARA no Michinaga).
- なぜこのような「並びの巻」と呼ばれるものが存在するのかは明らかでなく、藤原定家なども並びの巻の存在を不審であるとしている。
- It is not clear why chapters called 'narabi no maki' existed, and FUJIWARA no Teika also commented that he was not sure why there were narabi no maki.
- そのため、ある表現で記されている人物が誰のことを指しているのかをさまざまな状況から判断しなければならない場合も少なくない。
- Therefore, there are many cases where readers have to guess which name refers to which character in light of various situations.
- 尊大で人に頭を下げるということを知らないが、靴を脱ぐ暇もなく、足にひびやあかぎれをつくりながらただ家族のために働いている。
- Although he is arrogant and does not know how to plead with others, he works for his family so hard that he can't take off his shoes, getting chapped feet.
- ところで『日本書紀』は純漢文体であると思われてきたが、最近の研究から語彙や語法に倭習が多くみられることが分かってきている。
- By the way, 'Nihonshoki' has been thought to be written in genuine Chinese writing style, but recent researches show that there are many grammatical deviations affected by Japanese in vocabulary and usage.
- 風雅集においてその純度は一層高く、繊細な自然観照と深沈な心境の描写を本領とし、南北朝の乱世に生きる人々の感慨を映している。
- Fuga shu, however, is more intense, and its distinctive characters are contemplation of delicate nature and description of calm mind, which reflect the deep emotions of those who lived in the turbulent age of the Northern and Southern Courts.
- 寛徳2年(1045年)に一子・橘仲俊をもうけたが、俊通は康平元年(1058年)に亡くなり、子も独立して彼女は孤独になった。
- In 1045 she gave birth to a son, TACHIBANA no Nakatoshi, but Toshimichi died in 1058 and her son became independent of her, so she lived alone.
- また、当時の治承・寿永の乱についても多く記されており、平安時代末期から鎌倉時代初期の変動期についての基礎史料になっている。
- Also, it contains many descriptions of the Jisho-Juei War in that period, and it became a basic historical material of the era, from the end of Heian period to the beginning of Kamakura period.
- また、54帖中唯一作中での語り手がその立場を明らかにしていることなど、いくつかの理由から後記説や別作者説が唱えられている。
- In addition, of the 54 chapters, this is the only chapter in which the narrator shows its position; for these reasons, some people claimed that the chapter was written in later years or by a different author.
- 本巻は源氏物語の首巻であり、源氏物語年立の上で最も早い時間軸の部分が描かれているが、続く巻である「帚木」とのつながりが悪い。
- In this first quire, depicted are the earliest episodes of Genji Monogatari, but this quire is not well connected to the following quire 'Hahakigi' (The Broom Tree).
- 進め方や左右双方の衣裳、歌を書いた和紙色紙を置く州浜(入り江などをかたどった飾り台)にいたるまで周到に準備されたものだった。
- Meticulous preparations were made, from the procedures and costumes for both the right and the left side, to a suhama stand (decorative cove-shaped stand) on which were placed poetry cards made of Japanese paper.
- 読者はその一瞬の休符の合間に、作者を取り巻く環境や作者の思想・感情・情念・背景などを勝手に想像してしまう仕掛けになっている。
- During this momentary pause, the reader is allowed to imagine the environment that surrounds the composer as well as his/her thoughts, emotions or pathos, and history.
- 女、返し、 くらべこし ふりわけ髪も 肩過ぎぬ 君ならずして たれかあぐべき などいひいひて、つひに本意のごとくあひにけり。
- The woman returned a poem, 'My hair, which we used to be like your hair, has grown below my shoulders, for whom else, but you, would I wear my hair up,' and they finally found out their true feelings.
- その後も二人は文を交わしたが、やがて常陸介が亡くなり、一人残された空蝉は継子の河内国守(元紀伊国守)の懸想を避けて出家した。
- They continued to exchange letters, but before long the Lord of Hitachi passed away, and Utsusemi, who was left alone, became a nun to avoid her stepchild, the Governor of Kawachi Province (the former Governor of Ki Province), who was in love with her.
- さらに近年の研究の進展に伴って、現存する部分だけでも画の画風は顔を描くときの筆致の違いなどから、以下の4つのグループがある。
- Moreover, as research in recent years develop, there are four different painting styles including brushwork faces even in the existing parts as follows:
- 文学に優れ能筆家でもあった実隆は、『源氏物語』『伊勢物語』『古今和歌集』をはじめとする古典の書写や講読にも多く関わっていた。
- Sanetaka, who was excellent in literature and a good calligrapher, got involved in transcribing and reading the classics such as 'The Tale of Genji,' 'The Tale of Ise,' and 'Kokin Wakashu' (Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry).
- しかし、本文自体は定家の自筆本などとはことなる点も多いもので純粋な青表紙系の本文ではなく河内本や別本の影響を受けたものである。
- However, it contains many different sentences from the manuscript by Teika, so it is not an authentic manuscript of the Aobyoshi-bon line, but one under the influence of the Kawachi-bon and the Beppon.
- 官位は低かったが『古今和歌集』の時代における代表的な歌人で、「寛平后宮歌合」・「亭子院歌合」などの歌合への参加も多く見られる。
- Although his rank was not high, he was a representative poet during the time of the 'Kokin wakashu' (Collection of Ancient and Modern Poems), and participated in a lot of uta-awase (poetry contests) such as the 'Kanpyo kisai no miya no uta awase' (Empress's Contest During the Reign of the Kanpyo Emperor) and the 'Teijiin Uta-awase' (Teijiin Contest).
- それらの品定めをしつつ、いつか玉鬘への思慕を押さえがたくなった源氏は、ある夕暮れにとうとう想いを打ち明け側に添い臥してしまう。
- While reading and rating the letters, Genji could not control his attachment to Tamakazura, and one evening, he finally confided his longing for her and lay beside her.
- 「三十六 夢浮橋」のあとに続く巻として夢浮橋の異名とされることのある「三十七 のりのし」なる名前の巻が名前のみあげられている。
- Although chapter 'thirty-seven: Nori no shi,' which was sometimes regarded as another name for Yume no Ukihashi (The Floating Bridge of Dreams), follows chapter 'thirty-six: Yume no Ukihashi,' it exists as a title only.
- なお、雲隠六帖は源氏物語原典の巻々と比べると1巻の長さは概して非常に短く、ストーリーだけを完結に描く梗概的な内容を持っている。
- Additionally, the chapters of the Kumogakure Rokujo are on the whole exceedingly short compared with the original chapters of the Tale of Genji, and they describe the story so concisely that the contents look like summaries of the story.
- 何らかの意図があったわけではないが、もともと存在していた「輝く日の宮」が写本を作る段階で脱落するなどしてある時期から失われた。
- It was lost at some point because the existing 'Kagayaku Hinomiya' was missing when copying manuscripts or for similar reasons, although this was not done intentionally.
- 伊久米伊理毘古伊佐知命(いくめいりびこいさちのみこと)、師木の玉垣宮に坐してまして、天の下治(し)らしめしき(奈良県磯城郡)。
- Ikumeiribikoisachi no mikoto settled in the palace of Tamagaki at Shiki, and governed the country (Shiki-gun, Nara Prefecture).
- 多くの伝承では赤ん坊は成人して高徳の僧侶になったとするものが多いが、実在の僧侶で、この赤ん坊の後身であるとされている例がある。
- Many traditions say that the baby has grown up to be a distinguished monk of virtue, and there are some examples of real monks who were said to be identified as this baby.
- 第159話に「後鳥羽院」という諡号が出てくるのでこの「おくり名」が出された仁治3年(1242年)以後まもなく、とする説もある。
- Another theory holds that the use of 'Gotoba-in' (Retired Emperor Gotoba), the emperor's posthumous name, in story number 159 proves it must have been compiled soon after 1242, when this posthumous name first came into use.
- 昭和24年(1949年)には中井英夫が『短歌研究』を創刊し、葛原妙子・中城ふみ子・塚本邦雄・寺山修司ら多くの新人を見いだした。
- In 1949, Hideo NAKAI founded the publication called the 'Tanka Kenkyu' (The Study of Tanka), and brought forth to the public eye, new poets such as Taeko KUZUHARA, Fumiko NAKAJO, Kunio TSUKAMOTO, and Shuji TERAYAMA.
- ほぼ全巻揃った青表紙本系の写本の中では最も良質のものとされており、「源氏物語大成」を初めとする多くの校本の底本に採用されている。
- It is considered the best among the Aobyoshi-bon line manuscripts which are almost complete set of volumes, and adopted as a source book for many variorums such as 'Genji monogatari taisei.'
- 大島雅太郎は三井合名会社の理事をつとめていたことなどから豊かな財力を背景にして池田亀鑑を顧問にして多くの貴重な書籍を集めていた。
- Masataro OSHIMA, serving as a director of Mitsui Gomei Kaisha, used his prodigious wealth to engage Kikan IKEDA as an advisor and collected many valuable books and manuscripts.
- しかし、少将にとっては裕福な常陸介と近づくための政略結婚であり、浮舟が常陸介の継娘と知った少将は実娘の異母妹に乗り換えてしまう。
- However, as shosho's real purpose was a marriage of convenience in order to get closer to rich Hitachi no suke, he exchanged Ukifune for her sister with the same mother, a real daughter of Hitachi no suke, when he came to know that Ukifune was a stepdaughter of Hitachi no suke.
- そこで、後三年の役の現地の様子を伝える最古の史料、『奥州後三年記』の中で、義家の郎党として出てくる登場人物を見ていくことにする。
- Then, we will examine the characters of Yoshiie's roto in 'Oshu Gosannen Ki' which was the oldest historical material that transmitted the detail of Gosannen no Eki.
- 当時の一家をなすもの同士の結合が極めて緩やかであり、親兄弟がそれぞれ別の主人?に名簿(みょうぶ)を差し出すことはごく普通である。
- The relationship among family in those days was very flexible and it was commonly seen that each samurai of the same family submitted a name list to each different master.
- しかし、後光厳天皇は二条派の歌風を取り入れていくことを決めたとされ、『新千載和歌集』は二条家の人々の歌が多く、平明な歌風である。
- On the other hand, it is said that Emperor Gokogon decided to adopt the poetical style of the Nijo school, so 'Shinsenzai Wakashu' contain many plain-style poems by the Nijo family.
- 大倭根子日子國玖琉命(おほやまとねこひこくにくるのもこと)、軽の境原宮に坐してまして、天の下治(し)らしめしき(奈良県高市郡)。
- Oyamatonekohikokunikuru no mikoto settled in the palace of Sakaihara at Karu, and governed the country (Takaichi-gun, Nara Prefecture).
- 従兄弟で妻の父である三条右大臣藤原定方とともに当時の歌壇の中心的な人物であり、紀貫之や凡河内躬恒など多くの歌人が邸宅に集まった。
- Along with his cousin--and wife's father--Sanjo Udaijin (Minister of the Right), or in other words FUJIWARA no Sadakata, he is considered one of the foremost poets of his generation, and regularly hosted gatherings of poets such as KI no Tsurayuki and OSHIKOCHI no Mitsune at his home.
- 更に『古今和歌集』が編纂された醍醐天皇の治世が「延喜の治」と称されたことから、勅撰和歌集の編纂と聖代思想が結びつくことになった。
- In addition, because the Emperor Daigo's reign during which 'Kokin Wakashu' was compiled was called 'Engi no chi' (the peaceful era of Engi), the compilation of Chokusen wakashu (anthology of Japanese poetry compiled by Imperial command) and the thought of magnificent imperial reign were linked together.
- - 枕詞より長い音節により具体的なイメージを引き出し、下の句のテーマへと繋げていく技法であるが、現代ではほとんど使われていない。
- Though rarely used in contemporary tanka, this is a technique that uses longer words than the Makura kotoba, and is able to depict specific images and to introduce themes in subsequent lines.
- 『新古今和歌集』編纂の中心人物だった藤原定家とその子の藤原為家が亡くなると、家系も歌壇も二条派・京極派・冷泉派の三派に分かれた。
- After FUJIWARA no Sadaie, who was the chief composer of the 'Shin Chokusen wakashu,' and his son FUJIWARA no Tameie died, the Fujiwara lineage and the poetry circles became divided into three schools: the Nijo, the Kyogoku, and the Reizei schools.
- また、戦闘描写などもいくつかカットされており、これは『今昔』がこの作品の細部よりも、物語の流れに興味を持っていたことを示している。
- Several descriptions of battles are also omitted, showing that 'Konjaku' is more involved in the flow of the narrative than the details of 'Mutsuwa-ki.'
- 飛鳥井雅世は、新続古今和歌集の撰者となり、飛鳥井雅親は、和歌・蹴鞠のほかに書道にも秀で、その書流も蹴鞠と同じく飛鳥井流と称される。
- Masayo was one of the compilers of Shinshoku Kokin Wakashu (the 21st and final imperial poetry collection), while Masachika excelled at calligraphy in addition to waka and kemari, resulting in inclusion of his school of calligraphy in the Asukai school.
- しかしかながら歴史研究の結果、近年では裏付けの取れる部分も多く、「事実でないにしても、それに近いことがあった」と再評価されている。
- On the other hand, the results of recent historical studies have actually provided corroboration for many portions of the chronicle, leading some to say 'Even if it doesn't describe reality as such, something like what is described did occur,' and judge the chronicle more favorably.
- 平将門の乱の一部始終を詳細に書き綴っていること、仏教的な世界観や挿話がある点から、将門の近くにいた僧侶が作者であるとする説がある。
- One theory holds that the author must have been a Buddhist priest who was close to Masakado, because the author gave a very detailed account of TAIRA no Masakado's Rebellion and because both the general worldview expressed and certain specific episodes reveal a Buddhist perspective.
- 六条院の中心として、踏歌節会(「初音 (源氏物語)」)や六条院行幸(「藤裏葉」)など数多くの華やかな行事・儀式の舞台となっている。
- As the center of the Rokujo estate, the spring quarter is the setting for many opulent events and ceremonies, such as the Toka no sechie ceremony (in the 'Hatsune' (First Warbler) chapter) and the Emperor's visit to the Rokujo estate (in the 'Fuji no Uraba' (Wisteria Leaves) chapter).
- そのことから、雲隠六帖が源氏物語原典ではなく中世に流行した梗概書のスタイルを模して作られた源氏物語の続編であるとされることがある。
- For that reason, the Kumogakure Rokujo is sometimes considered a sequel, not of the original text of the Tale of Genji, but rather of one imitating the style of the digests that were popular in the medieval period.
- 輝く日の宮(かがやくひのみや、かかやくひのみや)とは、『源氏物語』においてかつて存在したが失われてしまったとされる帖の巻名である。
- Kagayaku Hinomiya is the title of a chapter of 'The Tale of Genji' that is said to have once existed but was later lost.
- そのため源氏物語についての知識が無くても文字を読める者であれば誰でもこの本があればそれだけで源氏物語が理解できるようになっている。
- For that reason, anyone who could read, even if they had no knowledge about The Tale of Genji, would be able to understand it using only this book.
- 江戸時代には多くの源氏物語の版本が出版されたが、絵入源氏物語は源氏物語の版本としては最も早い時期に出され、広く流布したものである。
- During the Edo period, many printed books of The Tale of Genji were published, and among them, Eiri Genji monogatari was published the earliest and circulated widely.
- (但し巣守三位は薫と結ばれて男子をもうけたあとで隠棲生活に入ったとされており、この点は現行の源氏物語の浮舟と大きく異なっている。)
- (However, it is said that after Sumori Sanmi made love with Kaoru and bore him a son, she retired into a secluded life, so she was quite different from Ukifune in the present text of The Tale of Genji at this point.)
- 成立時期は鎌倉時代初期を下らない時期で、おそらく字体などから平安末と見られる、現存するものの中では最も古いと見られる古系図である。
- It was completed before the early Kamakura period, and the form of the character suggests that it was probably made at the end of the Heian period, so this is regarded as the earliest old genealogy among the existing ones.
- 大阪御堂筋の旅宿・花屋仁左衛門方で「旅に病んで夢は枯野をかけ廻る」の句を残して客死した(よく辞世の句と言われているが結果論である。
- He left a haiku 'Tabi ni yande/yume wa kareno o/kakemeguru' (Sick on a journey, my dreams wander the withered fields) at Nizaemon HANAYA's lodge in Midosuji, Osaka and died abroad (It is often said to be a death haiku in hindsight.
- 大国主の稲羽の素兎(因幡の白兎)や求婚と受難の話が続き(大国主の神話)、スクナヒコナと供に大国主の国づくりを進めたことが記される。
- It was followed by stories of Okuninushi such as the white hare of Inaba, an offer of marriage, and disasters (mythology of Okuninushi), and then it stated that Okuninushi proceeded the development of National land together with Sukunahikona.
- 通幻寂霊(つうげんじゃくれい、元亨2年(1322年)~明徳2年(1391年)) - 豊後国武蔵郷(現在の大分県国東市)に生まれる。
- Tsugen Jakurei (1322-1391) - born in Musashi village in Bungo Province (the present Kunisaki City, Oita Prefecture).
- 幽霊があらわれて7日目に赤ん坊が発見される件に注目し、釈迦を生んで7日で亡くなった摩耶夫人のエピソードとの関連を指摘する説もある。
- Some people pay attention to the passages in which a baby is found seven days after a ghost appears, pointing out that it has something to do with the episode of Maya, who passed away seven days after she gave birth to Shakyamuni.
- 母女三宮を訪ねるが、無心に経を読む尼姿に接した薫は、秘密を知ったことを話す気になれなくなり、ひとり胸中に抱え込もうとするのだった。
- When Kaoru visited his mother, Onna Sannomiya, he saw her reading sutras, so he lost the will to tell her that he had gotten to know the secret, trying to keep it to himself.
- 能や歌舞伎、人形浄瑠璃など、後世の多くの文学作品に影響を与え、今日の義経やその周辺の人物のイメージの多くは『義経記』に準拠している。
- It has wielded considerable influence on many later literary works of Noh, Kabuki, and Ningyo Joruri among other genres, and many of the depictions of Yoshitsune and those connected to him that exist today are based on the 'Gikeiki.'
- 本歌取(ほんかとり)とは、歌学における和歌の作成技法の1つで、有名な古歌(本歌)の1句もしくは2句を自作に取り入れて作歌を行う方法。
- Honkatori is a technique used to create waka (a traditional Japanese poem of thirty-one syllables) in the study of Japanese poems to take in one or two phrases of old and famous poem (the original) to create a new poem.
- 傍らで見守っていた源氏も今さらながら慌てて引き留めようとしたが、女三宮の決意は固く、その宵のうちに朱雀院の手で髪を下ろしてしまった。
- Genji, who was looking on, quickly tried to hold her back, but Onna san no miya was determined and had Suzakutei cut her hair in the early evening of the day.
- 従者惟光の母親でもある乳母の見舞いの折、隣の垣根に咲くユウガオの花に目を留めた源氏が取りにやらせたところ、邸の住人が和歌で返答する。
- When Genji called on his wet nurse who was also the mother of his follower, Koremitsu, to inquire after her health, he noticed that a moonflower was in bloom near the fence of his neighbor, sending a man for it, then his neighbor replied to him composing a waka poem.
- その後、統一国家が確立してゆく中で、大陸から漢詩が入ってきた影響もあり、個人の気持ちを個々に表現する歌が盛んに作られるようになった。
- As Japan was in the process of establishing a unified country, the composing of poems expressing individual feelings became popular, part in due to the influx of the Chinese poems into Japan about that time.
- 物語のあらすじについては「曾我兄弟の仇討ち」の項に詳しく記載されているので省略するが、この物語の成立には一人の女性が深く関わっている。
- This section does not describe the story line because it is described in detail in the section 'Revenge of Soga Brothers,' but a female is deeply involved in formation of this story.
- また、本写本の初音帖の本文については池田亀鑑によって「青表紙本ではなく別本である」とされ、「源氏物語大成」の底本への採用を見送られた。
- As for the text of the chapter 'Hatsune' in the Oshima-bon manuscript, Kikan IKEDA considered it as 'not Aobyoshi-bon but Beppon,' and it was not adopted in the original text of the 'Genji monogatari taisei.'
- 現在ある青表紙本系統の写本の中では定家自筆本や明融臨模本を除けばこの大島本が定家が校訂した本文を最もよく保存していると考えられている。
- Other than the manuscript written in Sadaie's own hand and the Meiyurinmo-bon, the Oshima-bon manuscript is considered to be the one that best conserves the text revised by Sadaie among the existing manuscripts of the 'Aobyoshi-bon' line.
- 藤壺亡き後も今なお彼女への思いおさえがたく、女三宮が紫の上同様に藤壺の姪であることにも心動かされた源氏は、これを断る事が出来なかった。
- Even after the passing of Fujitsubo, it was hard for Genji to stop loving her, and he was swayed by the fact that Onna San no Miya was a niece of Fujitsubo as was Murasaki no ue, so he could not refuse the offer.
- 最も良質な青表紙本の写本であると言われている大島本でも本来の本文に対して河内本に基づくと見られる多くの訂正の跡を確認することができる。
- Even Oshima bon, which is said to be the best quality manuscript of Aobyoshibon, contains many traces of revisions to the original text that seem to be based upon Kawachibon.
- また『古事記』の天皇崩御年干支を基に、『日本書紀』の年次を探ろうとする考えもあるが、前述の理由により多くの学者の支持を得られていない。
- In addition, there is another idea to define the dates in 'Nihonshoki' based on the Oriental zodiac of the year of emperors' deaths in 'Kojiki,' but it is not supported by many scholars for the above reasons.
- 表題(外題)がつけられていない巻も多いが、朝廷の要職にあった時期は多くが「雑記」「愚記」、出家後は「活套」と記すことが多くなっている。
- There are many volumes without titles (cover title), but most of the diary written while he held an important position in the Imperial court have titles such as 'Miscellaneous notes' and 'Fool's notes,' and after he became a priest he often used the title of 'Katto' (miscellaneous notes of priest word).
- 都良香(みやこのよしか)や菅原道真や大蔵善行(おおくらのよしゆき)に師事し「菅家後集」の編纂に携わり、「延喜格式」の編纂にもあたった。
- Haseo studied under MIYAKO no Yoshika, SUGAWARA no Michizane, and OKURA no Yoshiyuki, and participated in the compilation of the 'Kanke goshu' (Later Collection of the Sugawara family), and was also involved in the compilation of the 'Engi Kyakushiki' (the Engi Codes).
- 元和元年(1615年)の頃、策伝が板倉重宗の前で話した話が面白く、著書として纏めるように薦められたことから『醒睡笑』が著されたという。
- It is said that Sakuden came to write 'Seisuisho' around 1615 when Shigemune ITAKURA recommended him compiling those stories into a book because Shigemune found Sakuden's stories interesting.
- 天徳内裏歌合(てんとくだいりうたあわせ)は、天徳 (日本)4年3月30日 (旧暦)(960年4月28日)、村上天皇によって行われた歌合。
- Tentoku Dairi Uta-awase (Imperial Palace Poetry Contest in the Tentoku era) was a poetry contest hosted by Emperor Murakami on May 3, 960.
- 宇多上皇が崩御したときの哀傷歌を始めとして、村上天皇の名所絵屏風歌、朱雀天皇皇女昌子内親王裳着の折の屏風歌など数多くの歌が残されている。
- He left many poems starting with a dirge at the death of the Retired Emperor Uda, the Emperor Murakami's byobu-uta (screen poems, poems composed following the pictures on folding screens) of picturesque scenery, a byobu-uta at the Mogi (coming-of-age ceremony for girls) of the Imperial Princess Shoshi, the daughter of the Emperor Suzaku, etc.
- 玉鬘が現れた当初、異母姉妹と知らずに想いを寄せて文を贈ったこともあったが、妻に迎えるなら内親王をと強く望み、女三宮の降嫁を熱心に願った。
- When he first met Tamakazura, he harbored a crush on her and sent letters without knowing that she was his paternal half-sister, but he strongly wished to take an Imperial princess for his wife and eagerly wanted Onna san no miya to marry him.
- また源氏物語を題材にした絵巻物が数多くある中で国宝に指定されているものはこれだけであることから「国宝源氏物語絵巻」と呼ばれることもある。
- Although there are many picture scrolls of The Tale of Genji, only this one is designated as a national treasure, so it is sometimes called 'Kokuho Genji Monogatari Emaki' (The Tale of Genji Emaki National Treasure).
- 若くして伊賀国上野の侍大将・藤堂良清の嗣子・主計藤堂良忠(俳号は蝉吟)に仕え、2歳年上の良忠とともに北村季吟に師事して俳諧の道に入った。
- At a young age, he served shukei (budget bureau) Yoshitada TODO (his haigo was Sengin), who was an heir of Yoshikiyo TODO, a Samurai-Daisho (commander of warriors) of Ueno in Iga Province, and studied under Kigin KITAMURA to start learning haikai with Yoshitada, who was two years older.
- 餅屋の者は怪しく思い、こっそり女の服のすそに赤い糸を縫いつけ、彼女が帰ったあとその糸をたどってゆくと、糸は草むらの墓の上にかかっていた。
- The storekeeper feels suspicious about her, and sews a red thread on the bottom edge of her dress, tracing the thread after she has left, and finds it hung over a grave in a clump of grass.
- 竹取物語は、異界から来た主人公が貧しい人を富ませた後に再び異界へ去っていくという構造から成り立っており、構造的には羽衣伝説と同一である。
- Taketori Monogatari has basically the same structure as Robe of Feathers Legend, in which a main character from the supernatural world makes a poor man flourish and returns where she comes from.
- 男淺津間若子宿禰命(をあさづまわくごのすくねのみこと)、遠飛鳥宮(とほつあすかのみや)に坐してまして、天の下治らしめしき(大和の飛鳥)。
- Oasazumawakugo no sukune no mikoto settled in Totsuasuka palace, and governed the country (Asuka, Yamato).
- 田舎で生い立ちながら母よりも聡明で美しく、出処進退や人への対応の見事なことよと源氏を感心させた(なお「竹河」で玉鬘の後日談が語られる)。
- In spite of being brought up in the countryside, she is more intelligent and beautiful than her mother, and Genji is impressed by her course of action and way she handles people. (In the chapter of 'Takekawa (Bamboo River),' a sequel to her story is told.)
- 現在ある青表紙本と河内本の本文を比べると、青表紙本の方だと意味が通らない多くの箇所で河内本では意味が通るような本文になっていることが多い。
- Compared with the extant Aobyoshi-bon manuscript, the Kawachi-bon, the other version of manuscript, is more coherent, especially in most of the unclear sentences of the Aobyoshi-bon manuscript.
- 「行く野・生野」「文・踏み」の巧みな掛詞を使用したその当意即妙の受け答えが高く評価され、以後小式部内侍の歌人としての名声は高まったという。
- Her witty reply poem using plays on words such as 'ikuno' (literally a field to go, and Ikuno, the place-name) and 'fumi' (literally a letter, and to step) was set at a high value, and since then she had gained in her reputation as a poet.
- 入道は源氏を邸に迎えて手厚くもてなし、かねてより都の貴人と娶わせようと考えていた一人娘(明石の御方)を、この機会に源氏に差し出そうとする。
- The Akashi Priest invited Genji to his residence and treated him hospitably, and tried to present his only daughter (Lady Akashi), who he had been thinking of marrying to a nobleman in the capital since long ago, to Genji.
- 尚、『康富記』での「後三年絵」に関するほぼ全文が、関幸彦『武士の誕生』(NHKブックス 1999年)に、漢文でなく書き下し文で載っている。
- In addition, almost whole sentences on 'Gosannen-e' in 'Yasutomi-ki' were described in a book 'Bushi no Tanjo' (The Origin of Samurai Warriors) written by Yukihiko SEKI (NHK Books, 1999) in Japanese instead of kanbun.
- 実際には青表紙本であるという確証もなく河内本であるという確証も無いというだけでどのような性格を持った写本なのか不明な「別本」も少なくない。
- In fact, there are many 'Beppon' with characteristics that are unclear and which simply do not have any evidence to prove that they belong to Aobyoshi-bon or Kawachi-bon.
- だからこそ百済三書に基づいてる日本書紀の記事を厳正に選び、これを繋ぎ合せていくと、日朝関係の実像が客観的に復元できると固く信じられていた。
- Therefore, it was firmly believed that if descriptions of Nihonshoki based on the three books of Baekje were strictly chosen and combined, the real figure of the relationship between Japan and Korea could be objectively restored.
- 保元物語・平治物語・平家物語と続く「四部之合戦書」の最後の戦記物で鎌倉幕府が王朝を崩壊に追い込むさまと、封建体制確立の過程をえがいている。
- Following Hogen Monogatari (The Tale of the Hogen Disturbance), Heiji Monogatari (The Tale of Heiji), and Heike Monogatari (The Tale of the Heike), it is the last book of 'Shibu no Gassensho' (The Four War Tales) depicting how the Kamakura bakufu drove the dynasty into collapse and the process of establishing a feudal system.
- 広国押建金目(ひろくにおしたけかなひのみこと)、勾(まがり)の金箸宮(かなはしのみや)に坐してまして、天の下治らしめしき(奈良県高市郡)。
- Hirokunioshitakekanahi no mikoto settled in the palace of Kanahashi at Magari, and governed the country (Takaichi-gun, Nara Prefecture).
- 鎌倉時代前期か中期にかけて和歌の本質を論じた歌論書が数多く作られたが、中でも藤原俊成・藤原定家の幽玄・有心の歌論は後世の歌学の基礎となった。
- From the early to the mid-Kamakura period, many karon books discussing the true essence of waka were written, among which were FUJIWARA no Toshinari and FUJIWARA no Sadaie's 'Yugen' and 'Ushin,' which later became the foundational texts for kagaku in later generations.
- しかし、俳諧の誠というのは私意や虚偽を排し、対象をよく観察し、傾聴して、そのありさまを十七文字で表現することに全力を傾けるという意味である。
- However, the truth of haikai means to eliminate subjectivity and falsehood, observe the subject well, listen attentively, and make the best effort in describing it using seventeen syllables.
- 「三浦の平太為次」の子、で、三浦義明の父・三浦庄司吉次(義継)の名は、「大庭御厨の濫妨」事件で源義朝側で攻めた方(訴えられた方)に出てくる。
- The name of MIURA Shoji Yoshitsugu who was a son of 'MIURA no Heita Tametsugu' and the father of Yoshiaki MIURA appeared as an attacking force (the side who was accused) of MINAMOTO no Yoshitomo in 'the disturbance in Oba no mikuriya estate.'
- 作者は、近世、寛文4年に本書が『鴨長明海道記』として、慶長2年の細川幽斎の跋を加えて上梓されていることから、古くから鴨長明と考えられてきた。
- In the early modern period, this book was published in 1664 as 'Kamo no Chomei Kaidoki' with an epilogue written by Yusai HOSOKAWA dating from 1597, and it has therefore long been thought that the author was KAMO no Chomei.
- 大倭帯日子國押人命(おほやまとたらしひこくにおしびとのみこと)、葛城の室の秋津島に坐してまして、天の下治(し)らしめしき(奈良県南葛城郡)。
- Oyamatotarashihikokunioshihito no mikoto settled in the palace of Akizushima at Muro in Kazuraki, and governed the country (Minami Kazuraki-gun, Nara Prefecture).
- 多くの典籍を引用していることは本書の特徴の一つであるが、その大半が今日伝存せず、出典の明らかでない記事も当時の日記・記録によったと思われる。
- One of the characteristics of this book is that it contains many quotations from other books ---although most of the quoted books don't exist now--- and some articles whose sources are unknown seem to have been based on the diaries and records in those days.
- そもそも青表紙本の成立には不明の点が多く、藤原定家は多くの写本を照合したらしいが具体的にどのような写本を資料として集めたのかは分かっていない。
- In the first place, little is known about the completion of the Aobyoshi-bon, and it is said that FUJIWARA no Teika compared many manuscripts, but it is unknown what manuscripts were actually collected for reference.
- 芭蕉の門人・土芳は『三冊子』の中でこれを「見るにつけ、聞くにつけ、作者の感じるままを句に作るところは、すなわち俳諧の誠である」と表現している。
- Basho's disciple, Toho HATTORI, described this kyakkan shasei in 'Sanzoshi' (The Three Books on the opinions of haiku) as 'creating a poem just as the composer feels either through sight or sound, that is the truth of haikai.'
- (近年は外国籍作家が日本語作品を書く例など国籍や居住地と言語とが一致しない場合もあることを考慮し、日本語文学という呼称が使われることもある)。
- (Recently some people are calling this literature nihongo bungaku (literally, literature written in Japanese) due to the fact that in some cases the author's nationality or place of residence does not correspond to the language used, such as with foreign writers who write works in Japanese.)
- 策伝の導入部では、「策伝それがし小僧の時より、耳にふれておもしろくをかしかりつる事を、反故の端にとめ置きたり」と話を収集した過程を述べている。
- In an introduction by Sakuden he says, 'I wrote down on wastepaper the funny stories I have heard since I was little,' explaining how the stories came to be collected.
- しかし源氏が理想の女性として育てた紫の上(若紫、紫の君とも呼ばれる)が葵の上の死後事実上の正妻であり、多くの夫人の中で彼女への愛が最も深かった。
- However, Murasaki no ue (also called Wakamurasaki or Murasaki no Kimi), whom Genji brought up to become his ideal woman, is his legal wife in all but name, and he loves her the most among his many women.
- 但し、第二部から第三部までの経過期間の問題や六条御息所の年齢の問題など、新年立によっても解決されない問題がいくつか存在することが指摘されている。
- However, it has been pointed out that some problems, such as how much time passed between the second and third part, and the age of Rokujo no Miyasudokoro, are unresolvable, even using the new chronology.
- 源氏物語絵巻のほぼ全巻および伴大納言絵巻、信貴山縁起絵巻、紫式部日記絵巻、枕草子絵詞などの古い時期のものを中心に重要な絵図を数多く収録している。
- It contains almost all volumes of Genji monogatari emaki and many important pictures, centering on the ones in the early time, such as Ban Dainagon Emaki (illustrated scroll of the story of a courtier Ban Dainagon), Shigisan engi emaki, Murasakishikibu Nikki Emaki (illustrated scroll of the Lady Murasaki's Diary), Makura no Soshi Ekotoba (Picture scrolls of scenes from the pillow book of Sei Shonagon), and so on.
- 白髪大倭根子命(しらにのおほやまとねこのみこと)、伊波禮(いはれ)の甕栗宮(みかくりのみや)に坐してまして、天の下治らしめしき(奈良県磯城郡)。
- Shiragaoyamatoneko no mikoto settled in the Mikakuri palace at Iware, and governed the country (Shiki-gun, Nara Prefecture).
- 鎌倉時代から室町時代前期の日記とは異なり、儀式に関する記述はわずかで、多くが禁裏への出仕、歌会、寺社参詣、火災や戦乱などの記述で占められている。
- Being different from the diaries between the Kamakura period and the early Muromachi period, Sanetaka Koki doesn't have many records about ceremonies, and most of them are concerned with services at the Imperial court, poetry gathering, visiting temples and shrines, fires, the disturbances of wars, and so on.
- その他、日記に現れる作品のジャンルは寺社縁起や説話、軍記物などを含めて幅広く、すでに散逸して『実隆公記』でしか知ることのできない作品も存在する。
- Other genres of literature which appear in the diary are histories of temples and shrines, narratives, and war tales, and moreover some works were already dispersed and lost, so you can know them only through 'Sanetaka Koki.'
- 治承・寿永の乱によって、右京大夫は親しく交わった多くの平家の公達の非業の死を目の当たりにし、世の浮き沈みや人の命のはかなさを身をもって体験した。
- Due to the Jisho-Juei Civil Wars, Ukyo no Daibu saw with her own eyes the untimely death of many high-ranking nobles in the Taira family who were close to her, and learned the ups and downs of the world and the transience and ephemerality of human life through her own experiences.
- 「去来抄」「湖東問答」などをみても、去来、凡兆などの間にかなり激しい議論があり、芭蕉もまた去来の疎漏を遠慮なくただすというような熱心さであった。
- According to 'Kyoraisho' (Conversations with Kyorai) and 'Koto Mondo,' Kyorai and Boncho held an enthusiastic discussion, while Basho also pointed out Kyorai's carelessness frankly.
- 読経することにより難を逃れた話や、読経しているうちに朝日が昇ったところで鬼たちが逃げたり、いなくなったりする話が一般的で、仏の功徳を説く話である
- Stories where one escapes from danger by chanting sutras, or stories where the sun rises while one is chanting sutras and the demons run away or disappear are common, and they are stories preaching the benefits of the Buddha.
- 八月の満月が近づくにつれ、かぐや姫は激しく泣くようになり、翁が問うと「自分はこの国の人ではなく月の都の人であり、十五日に帰らねばならぬ」という。
- As a full moon of August comes near, she is often crying bitterly, so the Okina asks her why and she replies, 'I'm not from this planet but from the moon, and have to return to it on 15th.'
- 彼女の父は、菅原道真の血を引く上総・常陸の受領・菅原孝標であり、母は藤原倫寧の娘で、おば(母の姉)は『蜻蛉日記』の作者である藤原道綱母であった。
- Her father was SUGAWARA no Takasue, who was Zuryo (the head of the provincial governors) of Kazusa and Hitachi Provinces and a descendant of SUGAWARA no Michizane, while her mother was a daughter of FUJIWARA no Tomoyasu and her aunt (an older sister of her mother) was the author of 'Kagero Nikki' (The Gossamer Years), the mother of FUJIWARA no Michitsuna.
- 明治時代に入って活字本が出版されるようになってもこの状況はしばらく続き、与謝野晶子によるものなど、当時の現代語訳もこれらの本文を元に作られていた。
- Even after the Meiji period began and printed books came to be published, such conditions continued for a while, and the modern translations in those days by Akiko YOSANO and others were made on the basis of the manuscript.
- 古今の素晴らしい絵が数多く出された中で、最後の勝負に源氏が出した須磨の絵日記はその絵の見事さと感動的な内容で人々の心を打ち、梅壺方が勝利を収めた。
- Among a lot of fine works of the past and present, people were struck by the sketchbook and journals from Genji's days in Suma that he presented in the final match because the drawings were excellent and the contents moved them, and Umetsubo's side prevailed.
- 他にも承久の乱に対する後鳥羽の姿勢が流布本にかかれる姿より消極的である、宇治合戦の記述がないなど、流布系と記事の内容が違う場面がいくつか見られる。
- You can see other differences from the popular edition; for example, Gotoba's attitude about the Jokyu Disturbance was described more passively, and there is no account of the battle of Uji in the Jiko-ji bon.
- 三条西家では、塔の森の渡場、淀の魚市のほか、各地に点在する青苧座(あおそざ)の本所としての収入があり、とくに青苧座については幾度か記述されている。
- The Sanjonishi family gained incomes from the Tonomori ferry, the Yodo fish market, and main house of the commercial guild of aoso (fiber materials for clothing), which were scattered in all regions, and especially the commercial guild of aoso was mentioned several times in the diary.
- ある夜、店じまいした飴屋の雨戸をたたく音がするので主人が出てみると、青白い顔をして髪をボサボサに乱した若い女が「飴を下さい」と一文銭を差し出した。
- One night, somebody knocks on the sliding shutter of a candy store, so a storekeeper opens the shutter to see a pale-faced young woman with disheveled hair who gives him a one-mon coin ('mon' is a monetary unit of old times) saying, 'I want some candy.'
- 分類は軍記物語ではあるが、『平家物語』のように華々しい合戦の時期に重点が置かれているのではなく、義経の幼少期・出世・没落の時期に重点が置かれている。
- Although classified as a war chronicle, the Gikeiki, unlike the 'Heike monogatari,' is not actually focused on the period of Yoshitsune's magnificent battles, but rather on his childhood, his early successes, and his ruin.
- 盛夏の六条院で、釣殿で涼んでいた源氏は夕霧 (源氏物語)を訪ねてきた内大臣家の子息たちに、最近新しく迎えられた落胤の姫君(近江の君)のことを尋ねる。
- In the height of summer, Genji, who was cooling himself at the Tsuridono (fishing pavilion) in the Rokujo-in Palace, asked the sons of the Minister of the Interior, who had come to visit Yugiri, about the illegitimate daughter (Omi no Kimi) recently taken into their residence.
- 大帯日子淤斯呂和氣天皇(おほたらしひこおしろわけのすめらみこと)、纏向(まきむく)の日代宮に坐してまして、天の下治(し)らしめしき(奈良県磯城郡)。
- Otarashihikooshirowake no sumeramikoto settled in the palace of Hishiro at Makimuku, and governed the country (Shiki-gun, Nara Prefecture).
- 三条西家の荘園は畿内を中心に美濃・尾張にも散在していたが、遠隔地からの収入は基準に大きく及ばないことが多く、経済的に不安定となる大きな要因となった。
- Although the Sanjonishi family's shoen were scattered mainly in Kinai District (the five capital provinces surrounding the ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto) and Mino and Owari Provinces as well, income from the distant provinces was mostly far behind the standard, which caused a serious unstable income.
- 二条派と京極派は互いに激しく対立して勅撰和歌集の撰者の地位を争い、二条派は「玉葉和歌集」「風雅和歌集」「新続古今和歌集」以外の勅撰和歌集を独占した。
- The Nijo and Kyogoku schools developed a relationship of vehement mutual antagonism, their respective members frequently squabbling over the prestige of being selected as compiler of the imperial waka anthologies; the Nijo school managed to achieve a near-monopoly with the exceptions of the 'Gyokuyo wakashu' (the Jeweled Leaves Collection), the 'Fuga wakashu' (Collected Elegant Verse), and the 'Shinshoku kokin wakashu' (New Collected Waka from Ancient and Modern Times, Continued).
- 一方で姫君たちに、軽々しく結婚して宇治を離れ俗世に恥をさらすな、この山里に一生を過ごすのがよいと戒め、宇治の山寺に参籠しに出かけ、そこで亡くなった。
- He also warns his daughters not to marry a man thoughtlessly, leave Uji, and disgrace themselves in public, then he visits a temple on a mountain and passes away there.
- このように普及した青表紙系本文であったが、あまりにも広く普及し過ぎたために、大筋では同じであるものの細かいところが異なるきわめて多くの写本が存在した。
- This is how the Aobyoshi-bon line manuscripts circulated, but they spread so widely that there were many manuscripts whose outlines were almost the same, but details were quite different.
- が、定家自筆本と完全に一致するわけではなく、他の青表紙系統の写本に見られない独自の本文をとっていることもあり、その性格は再検討を要すると言われている。
- However, the text is not completely the same as the manuscript written in Sadaie's own hand and has some individual sentences that other manuscripts of the Aobyoshi-bon line do not have, and it is said to be necessary to evaluate its nature again.
- 明治時代の日本への中国人・韓国人留学生の中から文学の担い手が生まれたことにより、日本文学は近代文学としての中国文学・朝鮮文学の成立に深く関わっている。
- Japanese literature has deep connections with the establishment of modern literature in China and Korea due to some of the founders of modern literature in those countries having come from among Chinese and Korean students who had studied in Japan during the Meiji period.
- そのため、源氏物語を読むに当たって作品世界の中での出来事を主人公である光源氏の年齢軸にして整理することによって理解しやすくすることが広く普及している。
- Therefore, when reading the Tale of Genji, it has been common practice to make it more understandable by arranging the events in the story with the age of the main character, Hikaru Genji, at the core.
- また、南朝 (日本)・北朝 (日本)ともに朝廷関連については必要最低限の記述に留めており、あくまでも武家政権の歴史書の体裁を取っているのも特徴である。
- Another feature of the text is that it maintains the form of a history book of samurai government by limiting descriptions related to the Imperial Court for both the Southern Court (Japan) and the Northern Court (Japan) to the bare minimum.
- 末尾に「のりのし」、「すもり」、「さくら人」、「ひわりこ」といった現在流布している源氏物語に含まれない巻名をあげ、「これらはつねになし」と記している。
- In the ending, it mentions the titles of chapters such as 'Norinoshi,' 'Sumori,' 'Sakurabito,' 'Hiwariko,' and so on which are not included in the present book; The Tale of Genji in circulation, and says that 'they do not always exist.'
- とにかく7、8世紀の交の意味付けはこれを徹底的に排し、百済王朝側の正当化の論理に十分用心して、客観的事実のみから蓋然性の範囲を推測しなければならない。
- Anyway, the meanings of '交' in the seventh and eighth centuries have to be cut off overwhelmingly and the probability has to be guessed only by objective facts with taking enough precaution against the legitimization of the Baekje Dynasty side.
- 本文は変体漢文、すなわち日本語を漢文調にして記述した文章で書かれており、ほぼすべての文章が漢字のみとなっている(当時の日記の多くはこの形態であった)。
- The diary was written in a variant of Chinese language, in which Japanese were transformed into a kind of Chinese and the writing was done all in Chinese characters (Most of the diaries in those days were written in this style).
- 京極 為兼(きょうごく ためかね、建長6年(1254年) - 元徳4年/元弘2年3月21日 (旧暦)(1332年4月16日))は、鎌倉時代後期の歌人。
- Tamekane KYOGOKU (1254 - April 16, 1332) was a late Kamakura-period waka poet.
- 頓阿(19首)・二条為定(14首)・慶運(13首)に代表される二条派の重視に対し、京極派・冷泉派の入集は皆無に近く、選者とその庇護者の態度が知れよう。
- The Nijo group's poems represented by Tona (19 poems), Tamesada NIJO (14 poems), and Keiun (13 poems) were considered important, while almost no poems of the Kyogoku group and Reizei group were collected, revealing the selectors and patron's intentions.
- 大江山「いくののみち」の遠ければ まだ「ふみもみず」天の橋立…「行く野の道」/「朝来市(地名)の道」、「文(手紙)も見ず」/「踏みもみず(踏破もせず)」
- Sometimes more than one kakekotoba is employed in a poem, such as, 'Oeyama 'ikunonomichi' no tookereba mada 'fumimomizu' ama no hashidate,' where 'ikunonomichi' and 'fumimomizu' both have double meanings. In this case, 'ikunonomichi' can mean 'the road that goes through a field' or 'the road leading to Ikuno' (Ikuno is a place name for the current Asago City). Additionally, 'fumimomizu' can mean 'have seen no letter' or 'have not traveled by foot.' Putting them all together, the poem can be interpreted as: 'Mt. Oe and the road that leads to Ikuno through the field are far away, so I have neither seen a letter, nor traveled there to Amanohashidate.'
- 「髪は素晴らしいが、座高が高く、やせ細っていて顔は青白い、中でも鼻が大きく垂れ下がってゾウのよう、その先は赤くなっているのが酷い有様」と酷評されている。
- She was severely criticized as a woman 'whose hair was great, but her sitting height was too tall, and she was thin, and her face was pale with a big nose hanging down like an elephant's, and moreover the tip of the nose was an uglily red.'
- 内容をみても、平安後期以降「装束師」として装束の専門知識をもつ中級貴族が携わった、五節の童女や下仕の装束の記事がくわしいなど、雅亮の人物像に合っている。
- Examining the contents, they suit the image of Masasuke as an 'expert on court costume' since the latter half of the Heian period, a middle-ranking aristocrat possessing specialized knowledge of costume, giving detailed information on the costume for the girls and servants in the Gosechi Festival, etc.
- 源氏物語の多くの巻名のほとんどが本文中にある言葉(特に歌の中にある言葉)から取られているのに対してこの「夢浮橋」という言葉は本文中に見られない言葉である。
- While most of the chapter titles of The Tale of Genji were named after the words used in respective texts (especially the words used in waka poems), this title 'Yume no Ukihashi' is not seen in the text.
- 落書(らくしょ)などもその系譜に含めて考えることができるが、独自のジャンルとして発達したのは江戸時代中期で、享保頃に上方で活躍した鯛屋貞柳などが知られる。
- While rakusho (lampoon) can be in the same category, Kyoka was established as a unique genre during the mid Edo period, and among famous Kyoka poets was Teiryu TAIYA, who was active in Kamigata (Kyoto and Osaka area) during the Kyoho era.
- しかし、野口実、元木泰雄両名は、『今昔物語集』巻第二十五第十「依頼信言平貞道切人頭語」に出てくる源頼光の郎党、平貞通(道)(碓井貞光)の孫と推定している。
- However, both Minoru NOGUCHI and Yasuo MOTOKI guess that he was a grandchild of TAIRA no Sadamichi (Sadamitsu USUI), a roto of MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu, who appeared in 'A story that Yorinobu asked TAIRA no Sadamichi to kill a person' in the tenth section of volume 25 of 'Konjaku Monogatari Shu.'
- いくつかの古注には『源氏物語』が現在冒頭に置かれている「桐壺」の巻から書き始められたのではなく、この「須磨」の巻から起筆されたとする伝承が記録されている。
- Some old commentaries have a legend telling that the author started to write this 'The Tale of Genji' not from the chapter of 'Kiritsubo' (The Paulownia Court), which is placed at the beginning now, but from 'Suma,'
- この他に明確な巻名はあげていなくても『無名草子』のように「源氏物語は60巻ある」と現存している巻数より多い数字をあげている文献もいくつか存在していること。
- In addition, there are some manuscripts that cite a number of chapters greater than those which have survived, even if they do not mention the explicit chapter title; for instance, the 'Mumyo Zoshi' (Story Without a Name) records that 'The Tale of Genji has sixty chapters.'
- その慈光寺本を除くと承久記は後鳥羽上皇に対して批判的な記述が多く、古活字本には「賢王・聖主の直なる御政に背き、横しまに武芸を好ませ給ふ」とさえ書いてある。
- Apart from Jiko-ji bon, Jokyuki has many critical accounts of the Retired Emperor Gotoba, and the Kokatsuji bon even says that 'he turns his back on the administration led by the wise and highly virtuous Emperor, and prefers military arts.'
- 儀鳳暦とは、唐の李淳風(りじゅんほう)がつくって高宗の麟徳(りんとく)二年(天智天皇4年665年)から用いられはじめた麟徳暦のことを指すと考えられている。
- It is thought that Giho reki refers to the Linde Calendar which was devised by Ri junho in the Tang and began to be used since 665.
- 赤ん坊を墓穴から救い出し、「この子供はお前のかわりに必ず立派に育てるからな」と話しかけると、それまで天を仰いでいた亡骸は頷くように頭をがっくりと落とした。
- He rescues the baby from the grave, saying 'I will bring up this child to be a good man instead of you.' and then her head drops onto her chest as if she had nodded.
- 牽牛織女が巡り合うという七夕に因んだ歌を50首も詠み、資盛の忌日に追善供養を営みながら、自分の死後も弔う人があってほしいと願ったといい、哀傷は連綿と続く。
- After composing 50 poems having to do with the Tanabata festival, when The Weaver and the Cowherd meet, she holds a religious service for the repose of Sukemori's soul on the anniversary of his death, and wishing there were someone to mourn for her after her own death, her grief continues on and on.
- また「吾妻鏡」に記載されたのも事件後100年近く経ってからといわれているのでリアルタイムな記録ではなく、真名本曽我物語の記述に似通った所があるとされている。
- Description in 'Azuma Kagami' is considered to have been made nearly 100 years after the incident, so it not a real time record and they say there are similarities with description of the tale of Soga mana-bon.
- この間、長元元年(1028年)「上東門院菊合」、永承4年(1049年)「内裏歌合」、同5年(1050年)「祐子内親王家歌合」など多くの歌合で歌を詠んでいる。
- Around this period, she composed poems at various utaawase (poetry contest) such as 'Jotomonin Kikuawase' (1028), 'Dairi Utaawase' (the palace poetry contest) (1049), and 'Imperial Princess Yushi's Utaawase' (1050).
- そこで「本来の季語、季題の役割は、通時的/共時的な詩的機能を引き出すためのものであって、あたかも軛のごとく自由を束縛するものではない」と問題を提起している。
- There, he reached out to audience and asked them to think about the role of the kigo by stating, 'The original role of the kigo and the kidai (seasonal theme) is to draw out the diachronic or synchronic functionality of the poem, and not to act as a yoke to constrain freedom.'
- さらに、同時代の写本が存在せず、それ以外にも間接的・断片的な資料しか存在しない平安時代における源氏物語本文の伝流についての論述に多くのページが割かれている。
- Moreover, it devotes many of its pages to the statement about how the text of The Tale of Genji was handed down in the Heian period when the contemporary manuscripts did not exist and only the direct and fragmentary materials were extant.
- 異説では、那珂通世の計算には誤認があり、一蔀は「革命勘文」の引用のとおり1320年が正しく従って逆算起点は斉明天皇7年(661年)の辛酉の年になるともいう。
- According to another view, the calculation of Michiyo NAKA is wrong and one period is correctly 1320 years as cited in 'kakumeikanmon,' so that the first year of back calculation corresponds to the Kanototori year of 661.
- 著者・洞院公賢は、太政大臣という高官に就き、また有職故実に通じていたために、天皇や公卿からの相談も多く、この時期における朝廷の動きについて詳細に記している。
- Because the writer Kinkata TOIN was Grand Minister, a high government official, and familiar with Yusoku-kojitsu (the study of the traditional protocol of the imperial court, courtiers, and leading warrior houses), he was often consulted by the emperor and court nobles, writing about activities on the Imperial court in detail during this time.
- また同じく『拾芥抄』によると、「カタシハヤ、エカセニクリニ、タメルサケ、テエヒ、アシエヒ、ワレシコニケリ」と呪文を唱えると、百鬼夜行の害を避けられるという。
- 'Shukaisho' also says that if people chant the spell 'katashihaya, ekasenikurini, tamerusake, teehi, ashiehi, waresikonikeri', they can avoid harm from a hyakki yako.
- 中古三十六歌仙の一人、小倉百人一首にもその歌が収められている、平安時代を代表する歌人である和泉式部にふさわしく、日記のなかに和歌の贈答の場面が頻出している。
- Izumi Shikibu, whose poem is included in the Ogura Anthology of One Hundred Poems by One Hundred Poets, is one of the Medieval Thirty Six Immortal Poets (the thirty-six major poets selected by FUJIWARA no Norikane in the middle of the Heian period), and her diary includes many correspondence of waka (traditional Japanese poems of thirty-one syllables), reflecting her talent as one of the greatest poets of the Heian period.
- 『甲陽軍鑑』や『雲陽軍実記』同様、この頃の歴史軍記自体が我が先祖の栄光や武勇を誇るための手段の一つであり、そのため多くの脚色があり、誤記と思われる箇所も多い。
- Much as was the case with 'Koyo gunkan' and 'Unyogun jikki,' in that period writing historical chronicles was one of the methods by which a person could praise the glory and bravery of his or her own ancestors, and hence they contain many overly dramatized sections as well as portions thought to be factual errors.
- たとえば憲法十七条の制定は「推古十二年夏四月丙寅朔戊辰(へいいんさくぼしん)」であるが、これは四月一日の干支が丙寅であって、戊辰は三日であることを示している。
- For example, the establishment of the Seventeen Article Constitution was on 'heiin saku (first day of the month) boshin, April 604,' which showed that the Oriental zodiac of April 1 was heiin and that boshin was the third.
- 実隆公記の書かれた時期は室町時代の後期あるいは戦国時代 (日本)の前期にあたる時代であるが、戦乱の動向よりも歌会や古典の書写に関する記述が多くを割かれている。
- Although Sanetaka koki was written during the late Muromachi period or the first half of the Sengoku period (Period of Warring States), it was more concerned with poetry parties and copying the classics rather than the movement of the disturbances of wars.
- 日本の「飴を買う女」の怪談は、南宋の洪邁が編纂した『夷堅志』に載せる怪談「餅を買う女」と内容がそっくりであり、もともとは中国の怪談の翻案であったと考えられる。
- The Japanese ghost story 'A Woman Who Buys Candy' is quite similar to the ghost story 'A Woman Who Buys Rice Cakes' collected in 'Yijian zhi' compiled by Hong Mai of the Southern Song, therefore it might have been adapted from the Chinese ghost story.
- 寂蓮(じゃくれん、1139年(保延5年)? - 1202年8月9日(建仁2年7月20日 (旧暦)))は、平安時代末から鎌倉時代初期にかけての歌人、僧侶である。
- Jakuren (ca. 1139-August 9, 1202) was a poet and a monk who lived from the end of the Heian period to the beginning of the Kamakura period.
- 仏教に関する説話も含むが、どちらかというと猥雑、ユーモラスな話題(比叡山の稚児が幼さゆえの場違いな発言で僧侶の失笑を買う、等)が多く、教訓や啓蒙の要素は薄い。
- Although the collection does include some tales with Buddhist subject matter, most such tales tend to be on bawdy or humorous topics (for example, one features a chigo (acolyte) of Mt. Hiei who becomes the laughingstock of the priests when his youthful inexperience leads him to speak in a manner inappropriate to the occasion), and didactic or morally instructive elements are relatively weak in such tales.
- 収入について詳しく書かれるのは長享2年(1488年)頃からであるが、ことに後半では収入に関する記述が頻繁に見られ、金銭的に厳しい状態が続いていることが見られる。
- He started to write about his incomes in detail around 1488, and in the latter half of the diary accounts concerning incomes often appeared, which suggests that he had been badly off.
- 茨城県千代田町 (茨城県)(現在のかすみがうら市)には、殺された母親から土中で生まれ、母の幽霊によって育てられたという頭白上人(ずはくしょうにん)の伝承がある。
- Chiyoda-cho (the present Kasumigaura City), Ibaraki Prefecture has a tradition of Zuhaku Shonin, who was born of a killed mother in the ground and raised by a ghost mother.
- その後の来歴は不明であるが、本写本の全体にわたって複数の異なる筆跡によるおびただしい補訂の後が見られることから死蔵されることなく読まれ続けていたと考えられている。
- Although the history after that is unknown, the manuscript is considered to have been read without being buried because throughout it there are a large number of revisions made by multiple different hands.
- そのまま『源氏物語』の伝本とみなすことはできないが、現在残っている源氏物語の本文として最も古いもので、平安朝の本文を今日に伝えてくれる現存唯一の重要なものである。
- Therefore, this picture scroll cannot be considered as a Denpon (existing manuscript) of 'The Tale of Genji,' yet it is the oldest existing text of The Tale of Genji, so it the only existing valuable book that brings down the text from the Heian period.
- 岩波文庫で、『おくのほそ道 付曾良旅日記』(奥の細道) 『芭蕉俳句集』の他、『芭蕉俳文集』上下、『芭蕉紀行文集』、『芭蕉書簡集』、『芭蕉連句集』、『芭蕉七部集』。
- Iwanami bunko contains 'the Narrow Road to the Deep North with Travel Diary of Sora' (the Narrow Road to the Deep North) and 'Basho Haiku Shu' (Basho's Haiku Collection) as well as 'Basho Haibun Shu' (The Collection of Basho's Haiku Prose) vol.1 and 2, 'Basho Kikobun Shu' (Collection of Basho's writings dealing with travel), 'Basho's Letters,' 'Basho Renku Shu' (Basho's Linked Verses), and 'Basho Shichibu Shu' (Basho's Seven Selected Works).
- そして、1958年(昭和33年)から1963年(昭和38年)にかけて岩波書店から出版された『日本古典文学大系』の源氏物語の底本には大島本でなく三条西家本を採用した。
- And he did not use the Oshima-bon manuscript, but the Sanjonishike manuscript as the original text for Genji Monogatari in the 'Nihon koten bungaku taikei (series),' which was published by Iwanami Shoten between 1958 and 1963.
- この、「譜」と呼ばれているものはおそらく源氏物語を読むに当たって役立つ何らかの書き物を表していると考えられるが、具体的にどのようなものであったのかは明らかではない。
- What is called '譜' is probably considered a kind of book which helped to read The Tale of Genji, but it is not clear what it exactly was.
- そこで池田は、完成していた稿本を破棄し、大島本を底本にして校本の作成作業を一からやり直すことにし、さらに約10年をかけて昭和17年(1942年)にようやく完成した。
- Then IKEDA tore the completed draft to pieces and threw it away, and decided to start making a variorum based on the Oshima-bon from the beginning, spending about 10 more years completing it in 1942.
- 土佐光信が『北野天神縁起絵巻』を作る際に実隆が詞書を書く縁で、光信が描いた実隆の肖像画の下絵が残されているが、これを見た実隆は「十分に似ず、比興なり」と評している。
- When Mitsunobu TOSA created 'Picture scroll of the origin of Kitano Tenjin Shrine,' to which Sanetaka wrote a legend to explain what it depicts, Mitsunobu also made rough sketches of Sanetaka, and Sanetaka commented that 'it doesn't bear resemblance to me very much, and is dull to see.'
- 昭高院准后道澄から古今伝授を、また藤木成定から入木道(じゅぼくどう=書道)伝授を受け、後水尾上皇・徳川秀忠・細川忠興・島津家久に蹴鞠を指導するなど諸芸に秀でていた。
- He was initiated into kokin denju (the art of interpreting the kokinshu) by the Shoko-in Dogo JUNGO, and initiated into the art of calligraphy by Narisada FUJIKI, and was exceptionally accomplished instructing such luminaries as Retired Emperor Gomizuo, Hidetada TOKUGAWA, Tadaoki HOSOKAWA, and Iehisa SHIMAZU in the game of kemari (an ancient kick-ball game similar to soccer).
- そして『普通唱導集』(永仁5年・1297)には保元・平家と並んで琵琶法師の語りが広まっていたことが記されており、13世紀後半には物語は広く浸透してものと判断される。
- 'Futsu-shodo shu' (a selection of ordinary advocates) (1297) contains a record that the storytelling by a biwa-playing minstrel had spread as well as the Hogen Monogatari and Heike Monogatari, so it is estimated that by the late 13th century the story was widely known.
- 不幸な生い立ちながらも明るく今風の人柄であるとされ、大納言の長女が東宮に入内した時も付き添ってよく世話をするなど、賢く生きる女性に成長した(「紅梅 (源氏物語)」)。
- She grew up to be a wise woman, who was cheerful and modern, in spite of her unhappy background, and took good care of Dainagon's eldest daughter when she entered Togu (the Crown Prince's palace). ('Kobai' - The Rose Plum)
- 源氏釈は、もともとは独立した注釈書ではなく藤原伊行が所有する源氏物語の写本に頭注、傍注、付箋などの形で書き付けていった注釈を改めて一冊にまとめたものと考えられている。
- It is considered that the Genji shaku was originally not an independent commentary, but rather that FUJIWARA no Koreyuki added headnotes, glosses and tags to a manuscript of the Tale of Genji that he possessed, and later put them together in one manuscript.
- 古い時代の源氏物語の注釈の中には、単純に各巻がそれぞれ一つ前の巻で描かれている出来事に続く時点の出来事を描いていることを前提にして解釈を加えているものも多く見られた。
- Many of the old commentaries on the Tale of Genji interpreted it on the assumption that events described in each chapter simply followed the events in the previous chapter.
- が、正しいと判断した伝承を一つだけ選ぶのではなく本文と異なる異伝も併記するという編纂方針が現在見られる日本書紀全般の状況とよく合っていることはしばしば注目されている。
- However, it often gathers attention that such a policy of compilation as describing heresies rather than choosing one tradition which was judged to be right corresponds to the overall situation of Nihonshoki which can be seen today.
- 王朝末期から中世への過渡期において政治的・社会的大きな変動があったにもかかわらず、政治への関心は薄く、儀式典礼や風流韻事など中世,・芸能に重点を置く記述を貫いている。
- Notwithstanding that there were large changes and turmoil in political and social situations in the transitional stage from the end stage of the Heian dynasty to the medieval period, interest in politics seems low and it emphasizes learning and public entertainment such as ceremonies and rituals as well as furyu-inji (elegant aestheticism and writing poems).
- 巻名は紫の上と秋好中宮が贈答した和歌「花ぞののこてふをさへや下草に秋まつむしはうとく見るらむ」及び「こてふにもさそはれなまし心にありて八重山吹をへだてざれせば」に因む。
- The title comes from the waka poems, 'a cricket under the grass waiting for the autumn might feel silly about butterflies in a flower garden' and ' I was longing to be invited by the butterflies, if there were not a yamabuki fence there,' to be exchanged between Lady Murasaki and Empress Akikonomu.
- この話を詳細に書き記し、舌を引き抜く処、その後千任が木に吊され、力尽きて主人清原武衡の生首を踏んでしまうところを絵に描いた嗜虐性を、後白河法皇の嗜虐性と見る見方もある。
- Some people regard that the savagery of the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa reflected the savagery of the pictures which described this story in detail, for example, Chito had a tong pull out and hung on a tree, and stepped on the head of his master KIYOHARA no Takehira at the end of his physical life.
- しかしながら河内本衰退後に有力になった青表紙本や青表紙本の系統に属するとされる絵入源氏物語や湖月抄などの江戸時代の版本の本文は河内本の影響を大きく受けていると見られる。
- However, it is suspected that the text of Aobyoshibon which became influential after declination of Kawachibon and printed books during the Edo period including Eiri Genji monogatari (Illustrated Tale of Genji) and Kogetsusho that are said to belong to the Aobyoshibon line seemed to have significant influence by Kawachibon.
- 本帖は第1帖である桐壺の後の話を描いているが、すぐ後に続く話ではなくおそらく数年間の時間が経過しているにもかかわらず、本帖の本文中では光源氏の年齢は明記されてはいない。
- This chapter deals with the incidents which probably did not happen soon after the incidents in Kiritsubo, and there seems to be an interval of several years between these chapters, but Hikaru Genji's age was not mentioned in this chapter.
- このため、若くしてその後を継いだ兼右が、以前に卜部家本を書写していた三条西実隆の本を書写させてもらい、更に一条家の本(一条兼良写、卜部兼煕証)で校合して証本としたもの。
- Therefore, Kanamigi, who succeeded it at a young age, copied the transcript which was copied by Sanetaka SANJONISHI from the original copy of the Urabe family before, and made shohon (a verified text) after collation with the original copy of the Ichijo family (copied by Kaneyoshi ICHIJO and checked by Kanehiro URABE).
- そこで、完成の翌年である養老5年(721年)には早くも、『日本書紀』を自然な日本語で読むべく、宮中において時の博士が貴族たちの前で講義するという機会が公的に設けられた。
- Therefore, in 721, which was the following year after completion, there was an official opportunity for masters at the time to have a lecture in front of nobles at the Imperial Palace in order to read 'Nihonshoki' in natural Japanese.
- 徳川幕府を正当化するために人物評価が偏っていたり矛盾していたりする点をふくめても、日本史に納得できる時代区分を最初に導入し、政治史を書くことを可能とした功績は疑えない。
- Even considering that some of his character evaluations are distorted and inconsistent in order to justify the Tokugawa shogunate, his contributions are undeniable and he introduced a convincing periodization of Japanese history for the first time and made it possible to write a political history.
- 諸本によって内容に異同は大きいが、悪源太義平(源義平)の武勇譚や、源義経の母である常盤御前(常葉とも)が、老いた母のために清盛のもとへと赴く哀憐の話が中心を占めている。
- Though the contents vary among the transcriptions and published books, most of the story consists of a heroic episode of Akugenta Yoshihira (Wicked Genta, Yoshihira) (MINAMOTO no Yoshihira) and a pitiful story in which Tokiwa Gozen (the name 常盤 is also written with the characters 常葉), the mother of MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune, visits Kiyomori on behalf of her aged mother.
- 絵入源氏物語は長年にわたり少しずつ内容を変えて何度も刊行されているが、最も広く普及したのは1653年に刊行されたものであり、一般には「慶安本・承応三年版」と呼ばれている。
- Eiri Genji monogatari had been published many times over a long period of time, the contents being changed little by little, and the book published in 1653 circulated most widely, which is generally called 'Keian-bon, the third year of Joo era version.'
- 主要な登場人物で一つの呼び方しか無い人物はむしろほとんど無いといってよい状況であり、逆に同じ表現で表される人物が出てくる場所によって別の人物を指していることも数多くある。
- It is quite unusual that the major characters have only one name, while it is common that the same names refer to the different people in some places of the one volume.
- また、義家の武勇を讃嘆する一方で、経清の処刑をわざわざ切れ味の悪い刀で、苦しめながら首を落とした、などとえがくなど、一方で武士の凶暴さ、執念深さについても筆をふるっている。
- While praising Yoshiie's bravery, the diary also describes the viciousness and vindictiveness of samurai by depicting scenes such as Tsunekiyo's execution in which he was deliberately beheaded using a blunt sword in order to make him suffer.
- この斎藤茂吉の歌は、逆白波という新語を作ってまで吹雪の激しさを詠った自然の叙景のようであるが、その陰に最上川と故郷を心から愛した茂吉の心情がひしひしと伝わってくる歌である。
- It seems that this poem by Mokichi SAITO depicts the violent snowstorm by creating a new word 'sakashiranami' (white caps), but the poem also truly conveys Mokichi's genuine love of Mogami-gawa River and his home town.
- …歩驟(ほしう)各異(おのおのこと)に、文質同じくあらずと雖も、古を稽(かむが)へて風猷を既に頽れたるに縄(ただ)し、今に照らして典教を絶えむとするに補はずといふことなし。
- Their pace is different, as to whether it is fast or slow, so is their reality, whether it is simple or gorgeous. All emperors have never failed to look back upon antiquity, and to try to properly reestablish the ancient teachings that had almost collapsed, to enlighten today's world through such teachings, and to stop the loss of ancient wisdom.
- だが、作業が芳しくなかった事から村上天皇の天暦8年(954年)に、時の最高実力者藤原実頼を総裁とし大江朝綱を別当として朱雀天皇時代の追加を命じるとともに作業の促進を図った。
- Because so little progress had been made on the work during the reign of Emperor Murakami in 954, the most powerful person at that time, FUJIWARA no Saneyori, was appointed as its president and OE no Asatsuna was appointed as superintendent, and they were ordered to add Emperor Suzaku's reign while they tried to accelerate the progress of the work.
- こうしたことを理由として古くは室町時代の注釈書である『源氏物語聞書』、近代に入ってからは与謝野晶子により、さらには池田亀鑑らによってしばしば後挿入説・後記説が唱えられている。
- It is one of the reasons why the Theory of Later Insertion or Postscript has been advocated from ancient times by many people and books, including 'Genji monogatari kikigaki' (commentaries in the Muromachi period), Akiko YOSANO, Kikan IKEDA, and others.
- 中古三十六歌仙の一人に列せられるが、『中古歌仙三十六人伝』には「後拾遺集目録云、号廬主云云」(後拾遺集目録に云はく、廬主と号すと云々)としか記されておらず、詳細は未詳である。
- Although he was included in the 'Chuko Sanjurokkasen' (thirty-six poets selected by FUJIWARA no Norikane), 'Chuko Kasen Sanjuroku-nin Den' only recorded that 'it is written in 'Goshuishu Mokuroku' as his pseudonym is Ionushi,' and the details are not known.
- 貞観 (日本)年間(859~877)、右大臣藤原良相の長男、大納言左大将藤原常行が愛人のもとへ行く途中、美福門周辺で東大宮大路の方から歩いてくる100人ほどの鬼の集団に遭遇。
- During the Jogan era (Japan, 859 - 877), when Dainagon (chief councilor of state) and General of the Left FUJIWARA no Tsuneyuki, the oldest son of Udaijin (Minister of the Right) FUJIWARA no Yoshimi, was on his way to his mistress, he came across about 100 demons in a group walking from Higashi Omiya Oji near the Bifukumon Gate.
- むなしく帰京した小君から「対面できず、お返事も下さらなかった」と聞いた薫は(自分が浮舟を宇治に隠していたように)「他の誰かが浮舟を小野に隠しているのではないか」と思うのだった。
- When he heard from Ogimi, who returned to Kyoto in vain, his report saying 'I couldn't meet Ukifune and she didn't give her response,' Kaoru suspected that someone else hid Ukifune in Uji (as he hid Ukifune in Uji).
- 青表紙本が出来た経緯についても、源氏物語を極めて重要視した藤原定家の態度を考えると30年もの間源氏物語の写本を全く持っていなかったとするのは極めて不自然であるとする意見もある。
- There is also a view about the completion of the Aobyoshi-bon manuscript that it is quite unnatural he had not kept The Tale of Genji at all for thirty years, taking into consideration the fact that FUJIWARA no Teika treated The Tale of Genji as a very important literary work.
- 康和4年(1102年)7月28日条には、「相撲が強いと言われているが、もっと骨法を身に付けなければ…」との意味の批評が書いており、関東の武士ではなく、京武者であることがわかる。
- In the section of September 19, 1102, there was a review that 'Although he is said to be a strong sumaibito, he has to learn more koppo (a martial art with bare hands),' which shows that he was a samurai in the imperial capital rather than a samurai in the Kanto region.
- 古注集成の編纂のために収集した数多く存在する源氏物語の古注や関連資料の中から古い時期のもの中心に源氏物語の研究において最も重要と思われるものを厳選して下記の資料を収録している。
- Of many extant old annotations of The Tale of Genji and related materials which were collected to compile the collection of old annotations, the following materials, centering on the materials of the early time, which were considered the most important in the study of The Tale of Genji were severely selected.
- 巻名は作中で光源氏と空蝉 (源氏物語)が交わした和歌「帚木の心をしらでその原の道にあやなくまどひぬるかな」及び「数ならぬ伏屋に生ふる名のうさにあるにもあらず消ゆる帚木」に因む。
- The title of this chapter came from the waka poems exchanged between Hikaru Genji and Utsusemi: 'I did not know the deceptive ways of the broom tree, so I wander aimlessly in the Sonohara moorlands.' and 'Born in a humble home and crushed by a name, I might like the broom tree vanishing away'
- その後、長慶天皇の即位の有無をめぐる研究が進む中で、両歌集の今上天皇は後亀山天皇ではなく、長慶天皇であるとの説が有力化し、長慶天皇の生母を嘉喜門院とする系図や歴史書が増加した。
- Later, research on Emperor Chokei's succession to the throne made progress, and the opinion that the Emperor appeared in the both collections of poetry did not indicate Emperor Gokameyama but Emperor Chokei became dominant, which encouraged people to make genealogies and history books saying that Emperor Chokei's real mother was Kakimon-in.
- また、当時の朝廷や幕府は政治の実態から離れた有閑無為の生活を余儀なくされており、和歌や連歌の会に参加したり、囲碁・将棋・すごろくなどの賭け事に没頭したりする記述が多く見られる。
- Besides, the Imperial court and bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in those days were not involved in politics deeply, so people there had much time to spend, joining a gathering of waka and renga (linked verse) and being absorbed in playing go (a Japanese game played with black and white stones on a board), shogi (a Japanese board game resembling chess), and gambling like sugoroku (a Japanese backgammon), therefore there were lots of records about them in the diary.
- 地域によって「どこそこへ行く」という場合にどんな格助詞を用いるかの違いを示しており、京都では「へ」、筑紫(九州)では「に」、坂東(関東や東北)では「さ」を使うという意味である。
- It showed regional variation of using a case particle when they said 'I go somewhere,' and the saying meant that in Kyoto 'he' was used, in Tsukushi (Kyushu) 'ni' was used, and in Banto (Kanto and Tohoku) 'sa' was used.
- 内容の省略にかんしては、乱終結後、清原武則が神業と評判の義家の弓の腕前を見たがり、それに応えて義家が鎧3領を打ち抜くという実力を見せつけるという印象的なエピソードを省略している。
- An example of omitted content is an impressive event in which after the end of the war, Takenori KIYOHARA wished to see Yoshiie's reputed superhuman archery skill, in response to which Yoshiie is said to have demonstrated his ability by shooting an arrow through three layers of armor.
- そもそも「別本」とは青表紙本でもなく河内本でもないと認められる諸写本を、その性格・系統などを考慮に入れず一様に「別本」という一つの呼称で扱おうとするあくまで便宜的な用語であった。
- First of all, 'Beppon' was just an expedient name for a group of manuscripts not recognized as an Aobyoshi-bon manuscript or an Kawachi-bon manuscript, and it was treated under the name of 'Beppon' without considering the nature or line of the manuscripts.
- 中世・近世においてはたかく評価されることがなく、長らく埋もれたままになっていた京極派ではあるが、近代に入ってから再評価が行われ、特に折口信夫や土岐善麿がその歌風をつよく称揚した。
- In the medieval period and into more recent times, no one rated the poetry of the Kyogoku school very highly and it consequently fell into a long period of obscurity, but closer to the present day, the Kyogoku school experienced a more positive reappraisal, with Shinobu ORIGUCHI and Zenmaro TOKI, in particular, offering strong praise of the Kyogoku poetic style.
- お大尽は「臨月に亡くなった娘をお腹の子供も死んでしまったと思い込んでそのまま葬ったのだったが、娘は死骸のまま出産し子供を育てるために幽霊となって飴を買いに来たのだろう」と言った。
- The wealthy person says, 'When my daughter died, I assumed that the baby in the womb also died, so I buried her without thinking of it. But she gave birth to a son in here and must have become a ghost to raise the child by buying some candy.'
- 徳川光圀による歴史書『大日本史』が南北朝時代_(日本)統一(明徳3年(1392年))をもって締めくくられているため、飯田がその続編執筆を志し、30年余りの月日をかけて完成された。
- Because 'Dai Nipponshi' (The History of Japan), a history book made by Mitsukuni TOKUGAWA, was finished with an account of unifying Japan in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (in 1392), Ida planned to write a sequel to the book and spent more than thirty years in completing it.
- 「不可説」は「説くべからず」であって「言い表すことができない」という意味であり、「言語道断」も現在用いられる強い非難の意味ではなく「言うに耐えない」という程度に捉えるべきである。
- 不可説' means 'you shouldn't talk about it' or 'it is unspeakable,' while '言語道断' was not used to refer to strong criticism as it is today, so it should be taken as an expression meaning something like 'it is beyond description'.
- このため、菅原氏の私邸の廊下(当時は空間が広く部屋代わりにも用いられていた)には学生達が集まるようになり、後世に「菅家廊下」と称されるようになったとされている(『北野天神御伝』)。
- As a result, the large hallway of the Sugawara clan's private estate (in those days, the hallways had sufficient space to be used as a regular room, costing rent and all) became a gathering point for Academy students, thereby acquiring the name 'the Kanke (Sugawara family) hallway' among later generations (as recorded in the 'Kitano Tenjin onden,' or Legends of Kitano Tenjin Shrine (which was dedicated to Michizane).
- だが、扱っていた時代が短く、かつ『平家物語』などの同時期を扱った物語などが多く存在した事やその後の戦乱の影響もあったためか、今日では現存しておらず「幻の歴史物語」となってしまった。
- However, this book is not extant today becoming 'the illusory historical tale' because it covered only short period of time and there were many narratives which dealt with the same period as 'Heike Monogatari' (The Tale of the Heike), in addition to the influence of the disturbances of wars.
- が内容的には、その名を冠された歌人以外の作品も含まれるなど不備は多いものの、和歌が撰集形式ではなく、個人の著作物として鑑賞される機運が高まってきたことを示す重要な事例であるといえる。
- Although there were discrepancies such as poets not originally named in the title appearing within the kashu, it could be interpreted as an important example of the shift in the readers' interest from reading anthologies to reading works of individual poets.
- しかし、前者を支持する説には多くの証拠資料があるのに対し、後者を支持する説には『尊卑分脈』醍醐源氏系図の任尊子行遍への注以外(「新古作者」と記載)にこれといって証拠となる資料がない。
- However, there are many corroborated materials to support the former theory, while there are none to support the latter except a note on Ninsonshi Gyohen about the genealogy of Daigo-Genji (Minamoto clan) collected in 'Sonpi Bunmyaku' (a text compiled in the fourteenth century that records the lineages of the aristocracy).
- さらには「一の宮」(これは単に天皇の長男というだけの意味であり、全ての天皇にそれぞれの「一の宮」が存在しうる。)や「女三宮」といった普通名詞でしか記されていない登場人物も少なくない。
- Moreover, there are many characters who are only mentioned by common nouns such as 'Ichinomiya' (this simply means the eldest son of the Emperor, therefore all Emperors can have their own 'Ichinomiya') and 'Onna Sannomiya' (the third princess).
- 安楽庵策伝(あんらくあん さくでん、天文 (元号)23年(1554年) - 寛永19年1月8日 (旧暦)(1642年2月7日))は、安土桃山時代から江戸時代前期にかけての浄土宗の僧。
- Sakuden ANRAKUAN (1554 - February 7, 1642) was a Jodo (Pure Land) sect monk who lived from the Azuchi-Momoyama period into the beginning of the Edo period.
- 後半は寿永2年(1183年)7月 (旧暦)、一門と共に都落ちする資盛との別離に始まり、平家の滅亡に殉じて資盛が壇ノ浦の戦いの海の藻屑と消えたのち、ひたすらその追憶に生きた日々を描く。
- The latter half begins with her parting with Sukemori, who was fleeing from Kyoto with his clan in July and August 1183, and describes her days of being solely immersed in reminiscences of Sukemori after he was sent to the ocean's bottom at the battle of Dannoura following the fall of the Taira family
- また、石井行雄によって『春華秋月抄草』(宗性作)の寛元4年(1246)の執筆箇所に、物語古態本の断片が存在することが確認されており、すくなくともこの年以前には成立していたと目される。
- Yukio ISHII confirmed that the fragment of the oldest manuscript of the story was included in the article dated 1246 in 'Shunka shugetsu shoso' (a book written by Sosho), therefore it is considered that the work was completed at least before 1246.
- はじめ資定(王)(すけさだ(おう))と称し、父具平親王を早くに亡くし、姉・隆姫女王の夫である藤原頼通の猶子となった(ただし、当時の実態とすれば養子とほぼ同様の意味に解する事ができる)。
- He was first called (Prince) Sukesada, and after he had lost his father Imperial Prince Tomohira early, became a Yushi (another child considered as one's own) of FUJIWARA no Yorimichi, who was the husband of his elder sister Princess Takahime (however, at that time, Yushi were considered to be virtually same as an adopted child.)
- 四女は巫女で卜占(うら)、神遊(かぐらあそび、神前での歌舞)、寄弦(よりづる、梓弓の弦を鳴らして神を降ろすこと)、口寄(くちよする、神がかりして死者の魂の言葉をのべる)の名人であった。
- The fourth daughter is a shrine maiden who is good at ura (augury), kagura asobi (singing and dancing before the altar), yorizuru (plucking the strings of a bow made of Japanese cherry birch to call down a god), kuchiyosuru (telling the word of the dead in a state of possession).
- 翌日、女が置いていった羽織を店先に干しておくと、通りがかりのお大尽が店に入ってきて「この羽織は、先日亡くなった自分の娘の棺桶に入れてやったものだ。これをどこで手に入れたのか」と聞いた。
- The next day, when he hangs the woman's haori in front of the store, a wealthy person happens to pass and comes into it, asking 'This haori is the one I put into the casket of my daughter who passed away the other day. Where did you get it?'
- しかし、浅間山に吹く野分の凄さを「石まで吹き飛ばす」と表現することで読者は、荒涼とした風景とともに、こういう表現を選ぶ芭蕉という人物の面白さをもかえって十分に感じることができるのである。
- However, by describing the force of the storm that blows around Mt. Asama as 'blowing away even the rocks' the readers can fully feel and imagine, along with the desolate scenery, the humor within Basho's character in selecting such an expression.
- しかし、3年後に大江朝綱が死去して別当が大江惟時に代わったころから律令制の弛緩もあって朝廷内の正史編纂への意欲が薄れてきたらしく、安和2年(969年)を最後に活動の記録は見られなくなる。
- But after OE no Asatsuna died three years later and the superintendent was changed to OE no Koretoki, with the Ritsuryo system growing weaker, zeal for the compilation of official histories at court seems to have waned and records of any activity disappear after 969.
- その後自身の怠惰によりそのような状態が長く続いてきたが、あるときしかるべきところから写本を借りてきて家の少女らに命じて写本を作らせ、その後もいろいろなところにある写本と照合した。」とある。
- Due to his laziness, the manuscript had not existed for a long time, but one day he borrowed a manuscript from a reliable place, ordering the little girls in his house to transcribe the manuscript, and after that comparing with various manuscripts in different places.'
- 『永享記』『結城戦場記』ともに伝本の多くは足利氏の系譜を始めに記し、永享の乱・結城合戦の顛末、鎌倉府再興、長享の乱で山内・扇谷上杉氏が戦った高見原合戦や北条早雲の登場までで構成されている。
- Most denpon such as 'Eikyoki' and 'Yuki Senjoki' began with a genealogy of the Ashikaga clan, which is followed by details of Eikyo War and Yuki War, restoration of Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), the Takamigahara Battle in which the Yamanouchi-Uesugi clan and the Ogigayatsu-Uesugi clan fought during the Chokyo Rebellion, and the appearance of Soun HOJO.
- なお、大島本にある大量の補訂作業の痕跡は本書及びこれに続くいくつかの校訂本において部分的に明らかにされてきたが、1996年に大島本の影印本が刊行されたことにより、その全貌が明らかになった。
- Traces of many revisions and enlargement of the Oshima-bon has been partly revealed by 'Genji monogatari taisei' and several successive recensions, but the total picture of revisions and enlargement has become clear by publishing a facsimile edition of the Oshima-bon in 1996.
- が、こちらはある未知の書紀古写本から傍訓のみを抜き出し、適宜片仮名を万葉仮名に書き換えてそれらしく装ったもの(時期は院政~鎌倉期か)と推定されており、いわゆる年次私記の直接の末裔ではない。
- However, it is guessed that these are the abstracts of only bokun from an unknown old manuscript of Shoki which pretended to be a record by transferring katakana to Manyo-gana (it is guessed to be done from the insei period (during the period of the government by the Retired Emperor to the Kamakura period), so that they are not direct legacies of the so-called annual private records.
- 実隆公記には、入選依頼の運動が激しくなり、そうした依頼を一切受け付けないことを申し合わせたこと、選句について猪苗代兼載と宗祇が激しく対立し、実隆が間に入って解決したことなどが記されている。
- According to Sanetaka Koki, people got crazy about putting their poems in a collection and asked him, but he made an arrangement with Sogi to turn down such offers; When Sogi was in conflict with Kensai INAWASHIRO about the selected poems, Sanetaka made peace between them.
- ただし、この『陸奥話記』以降、いくつかの小さな作品はあるものの、『保元物語』『平治物語』『平家物語』の3部作が誕生する13世紀前半までのあいだ、軍記物語の潮流には長いブランクが生まれている。
- Although a number of minor works followed 'Mutsuwa-ki,' there was long period in which no war chronicles were written that lasted until the first half of the 13th century when 'Hogen Monogatari' (The Tale of the Hogen War), 'Heiji Monogatari' (The Tale of Heiji) and 'Heike Monogatari' (The tale of the Heike) appeared.
- そのため1993年(平成5年)から1997年(平成9年)にかけて岩波書店から出版された『新日本古典文学大系』の源氏物語においては三条西家本ではなくこの大島本を底本として採用することとなった。
- Therefore, for Genji Monogatari in the 'Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei' series published by Iwanami Shoten from 1993 to 1997, they used the Oshima-bon manuscript as an original text, not the Sanjonishike manuscript.
- 「橘の小島の色はかはらじをこのうき舟ぞゆくへ知られぬ」(橘の茂る小島の色のようにあなたの心は変わらないかも知れないけれど、水に浮く小舟のような私の身は不安定でどこへ漂ってゆくかも知れません)
- 'Tachibana no kojima no iro ha kawaraji o, kono ukifune zo yukue shirarenu' (While I believe your heart will not change like the color of islands with tachibana (mandarin orange tree) thickly grown, I am not sure where I am going to since I am in an unstable position like Ukifune.
- しかしながらこの絵巻を藤原隆能の作であるとすることについては特に確証はなく、江戸時代の鑑定家が言い始めたことであり、「隆能源氏」なる呼び方が広まったのは明治時代以後のことであるとされている。
- However, there is no absolute proof that this picture scroll was created by Fujiwara no Takayoshi, but judges in the Edo period started saying so, and it is thought that the name 'Takayoshi Genji' became common after the Meiji period.
- この校本完成までの作業は、それまで日本では、中でも国文学の世界では全く知られていなかった西洋の正文批判に関する研究成果を取り入れるため、文献を取り寄せて学びながらの作業であったとされている。
- It is said that he completed the variorum adopting the research results of Western textual criticism which was not known at all to the Japanese people, especially those who were experts on classical Japanese literature, so he had to order the literature from abroad and studied it while he was making the variorum.
- が、さらに研究が進み藤原定家の自筆本やそれと同等だと考えられた明融臨模本等との本文の比較を行ったときに異なりが多く、その中には河内本の本文からの流入と考えられるものが多いことが明らかになった。
- However, further study has made it clear that there are many differences when compared with the manuscripts copied by Teika and the Meiyurinmo-bon and other manuscripts equivalent to Teika's, and many of the differences are considered to be an influx from the text of the Kawachi-bon.
- 18世紀後半の天明期に、与謝蕪村は、あくまでも正風の真髄を護持しながらも、用語を広く自由に、近代的な感覚、即ち真実を踏まえての自然への感動と、生活への感動とを盛り上げ偉大なる「革新」を図った。
- In the Tenmei era in the latter half of the eighteenth century, Buson YOSA tried to make a great 'innovation' by keeping the essence of Shofu but allowing freer use of words and raised a modern sense, in other words, excitement towards nature and daily life grounded in reality.
- しかしながら明治末期ころから本格的な古写本の所在の調査とその比較が始まり、大島本など良質な本文を持つとされる古写本がいくつも発見されることにより青表紙本をもとに校本を作成することが可能になった。
- However, since around the late Meiji period, a thorough investigation of the place where the old manuscripts were kept and their comparison were begun, and many old manuscripts of fine quality such as Oshima-bon were found, which made it possible to make a variorum edition of the Aobyoshi-bon manuscripts.
- 『古事記』本文の記述以外には編纂の記録が直接は見当たらず、最古の写本も南北朝時代のもの(写本を参照)であるため、それより以前の姿をそのままにとどめているかどうかに疑義を抱く改竄説も出されている。
- Aside from the main text of the 'Kojiki,' it appears that the compilation history was not recorded and the oldest manuscript was from the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (refer to the manuscript), therefore, some people don't believe the Kojiki maintains the original issues prior to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts and this adds to the theory that the original was falsified.
- 大田南畝の率いる山の手連、唐衣橘洲らの四谷連など武士中心の連のほか、町人を中心としたものも多く、市川團十郎 (5代目)とその取り巻きが作った堺町連や、蔦屋重三郎ら吉原を中心にした吉原連などもあった。
- There were two types of Kyoka ren (groups): groups made up mainly of samurai, such as Yamanote-ren led by Nanbo OTA and Yotsuya-ren with Kisshu KARAGOROMO; those made up mainly of citizens, including Sakaimachi-ren formed by the Fifth Danjuro Ichikawa and his followers, and Yoshiwara-ren led by Juzaburo TSUTAYA and based in Yoshiwara.
- 「別本」の呼称は池田亀鑑により1942年(昭和17年)に出版された源氏物語の校本である「校異源氏物語」において初めて用いられたもので、後に「源氏物語大成」などにも採用されて広く普及することになった。
- The name, 'Beppon,' was first used in 'Koi Genji monogatari,' a variorum of The Tale of Genji, published by Kikan IKEDA in 1942, and later it also came to be widely used in 'Genji monogatari taisei' (Comprehensive Study of The Tale of Genji), and so on.
- 現在発行されている日本銀行券の裏の左側に描かれているのは、『源氏物語絵巻』の「鈴虫」その二の絵の一部(左が冷泉院で右が光源氏)と詞書の上部(「十五夜の夕」暮れに仏の御前「に宮おはしては」し近く…)。
- On the left side of the back of the Bank of Japan notes in circulation now have both an image of the second picture of 'Suzumushi' in 'The Tale of Genji' (the person in the left is Reizeiin and the right is Hikaru Genji) and an image in the upper part of the notes (in the evening of the fifteenth night Onna Sannomiya is sitting in front of the Buddhist image...).
- 特に信範は摂関家の藤原忠通・藤原基実らに家司として仕えたため、当時の上級公家などの動きに詳しく、中でも保元の乱および乱後の後白河院・平家などについての詳細な記述は、他の諸記録の追随を許さないといえる。
- As a household superintendent, Nobunori served FUJIWARA no Tadamichi and FUJIWARA no Motozane of the Sekkan (Regent and Chancellor) family, getting information about the movement of high court nobles, especially Goshirakawa in and the Taira family before and after the Hogen Disturbance, so no record can compete with Nobunori's detailed record about them.
- そのような状況であるにも関わらず、源氏物語は作品世界の中の出来事を単純に時間を追って記しているのではなく、描かれる時間帯に重なりが存在したり、描かれていない時間帯が存在するという複雑な構造を持っている。
- In addition to this ambiguity, the Tale of Genji has a complicated structure where the author does not describe events in the story in simple chronological order, but has some periods of time overlapping and omits others completely.
- 数多くの重要な写本は写本を写真に撮ることなども許され、そのフィルムの枚数は約50万枚にも及んだものの、写真を撮るために持ち出したり、あるいは撮影機材を写本の所蔵場所に持ち込んだりすることは許されなかった。
- Although he was allowed to take pictures of many important manuscripts and the number of photos reached about five hundred thousand, he was not allowed to take the manuscripts out in order to take pictures or to bring a camera and other implements in the place where the manuscripts were preserved.
- 成立は、隆房の若い時期の習作と考える説(鈴木徳男)や、治承元年(1177年)以降、正治2年(1200年)以前とする説(佐藤恒雄)、文治建久期、遅くとも正治以前とする説(上野順子)などがあり、はっきりしない。
- As for when the Roei Hyakushu was completed, there are various opinions, including that it was an etude made by the young Takafusa (opinion offered by Tokuo SUZUKI), that it was finished after 1177 and before 1200 (opinion offered by Tsuneo SATO) and that it was completed between 1185 and 1198, or before 1199 at the latest (opinion offered by Junko UENO), but the real date remains inconclusive.
- 近世における枕草子注釈の最高峰として、同じ年に刊印された加藤盤斎(1625-1674)の『清少納言枕草紙抄』を圧倒したばかりでなく、明治まで版を重ねて広く流布した(元禄の頃にはすでに海賊版が横行したという)。
- As the pinnacle of commentary on 'Makura no Soshi' in the early modern period, it not only overwhelmed Bansai KATO's (1625 - 1674) 'Seishonagon Makura no Soshi Sho,' another commentary on 'The Pillow Book' which was published the same year, but it was also widely circulated in multiple editions until the Meiji period (it is said that pirated editions were already commonplace circa the Genroku era (1688 - 1703).
- 日本の詩歌の伝統をひきついで成立した俳句は、五・七・五の音数による言葉の調べ(韻律 (韻文))と「季語」と「切れ」によって短い詩でありながら心のなかの場景(心象)を大きくひろげることができる特徴を持っている。
- Established on the tradition of the Japanese shika, haiku poetry, though short in length, has the characteristic features of expressing images and emotions through the use of rhythm based on the 5-7-5 syllabic sounds, 'kigo' (seasonal references), and 'kire' (cut).
- これは河内本が意味の通りにくい本文に積極的に手を加えて意味が通るようにする方針で校訂されたのに対して青表紙本では意味の通らない本文も可能な限りそのまま残すという方針で校訂されたためであるからだと考えられている。
- This is because positive efforts were made to revise the unclear sentences when the Kawachi-bon manuscript was made, while the Aobyoshi-bon was transcribed with the aim of preserving the original sentences as much as possible even though they were not clear.
- 最終的な結論は、「特に精度の高い校本とは言い難い。この校本によっての『源氏物語』の本文研究や、校訂作業は全く不可能なこととは思わないが、非常に限られた調査しか出来ないことは承知しておかねばなるまい。」であった。
- So finally he concluded that 'it is hard to consider the work as a highly precise variorum. I do not think that it is totally impossible to carry out the text study of 'The Tale of Genji' and collation based on this variorum, but we have to understand that all we can do is the very limited investigation.'
- 後年は冊子形式を用いているが、これは実隆が政治の実際から離れ、出家した頃(永正13年(1516年))に符合し、実隆が日記を家記としてではなく、備忘録的なものと位置づけるようになったのではないかと推測されている。
- The later years' entries took a form of booklet, and these years corresponded to the years when Sanetaka left politics and became a priest (in 1516), which makes us imagine that Sanetaka came to consider a diary not a family record but a memorandum.
- 巻名は薫が一周忌法要に事寄せて大君に詠んだ和歌「あげまきに 長き契りをむすびこめ おなじところに よりもあはなむ」(あなたが縒り結んでいる総角結びのように、あなたと私が長く寄り添えるようになりたいものだ)に因む。
- The title of this chapter was derived from the waka poem, which Kaoru made for Oigimi (oldest daughter of Hachi no miya) at a memorial service on the first anniversary of the death of her father: 'I hope that we will stay together for long just like these trefoil knots which you tie.'
- 能筆家であった実隆は、将棋の駒 (将棋)の文字を書いたとする記述も多く、文明 (日本)13年(1481年)に鞍馬寺(実隆が幼少を過ごした疎開先でもあった)の杉本寂慶が所望したため駒書きを行っているのが最初である。
- According to the diary, Sanetaka, who was a good calligrapher, wrote characters on shogi pieces, and he first wrote them at the behest of Jakkei SUGIMOTO of the Kurama-dera Temple (where Sanetaka stayed to evacuate in his childhood) in 1481.
- 平信範は、桓武平氏高棟流の流れをくみ、俗に「日記の家」と呼ばれた学者の家系であり、また実務官僚でもあったため、その日記は平安時代後期の京都朝廷や公家たちの活動や、朝廷の儀典について知るための基本史料となっている。
- TAIRA no Nobunori came from the Kanmu-Heishi (Taira clan) Takamune line, which was a long line of scholars of the so-called 'the family of diary' and also the family of practical officials, therefore his diary is now an essential historical material to know the activities and ceremonies of the Imperial court in Kyoto and court nobles in the late Heian period.
- これは『陸奥話記』の巻末に「少生、但千里之外タルヲ以テ」<わたくしは、(陸奥からは)遠く離れた場所のものなので>とあり、作者が東国とかかわった武士ではなく、都の貴族であることを示唆しているのともかかわると思われる。
- It is thought that the words 'I am far away (from Mutsu)' at the end of 'Mutsuwa-ki' indicate that its author was not a samurai linked to Togoku (the eastern part of Japan, particularly the Kanto region) but was instead a noble in the capital.
- 『源氏物語大成』では、基本的な校合方針として「簡明を旨とする」という方針が示されており、漢字と仮名 (文字)の使い分け、変体仮名、異体字、仮名遣いなど意味に影響を与えないと考えられた校異は多くの場合省略されている。
- A fundamental policy of collating 'Genji monogatari taisei' was 'aiming at brevity,' so the differences which seem not to have affected the meanings such as the proper use of distinguishing between kanji (Chinese characters) and kana (the Japanese syllabary), hentaigana (anomalous Japanese cursive syllabary), itaiji (variant character), kana orthography, and so on, were mostly omitted.
- 『吉記』は、内乱期の経房が蔵人頭・院別当として、朝廷の決定を詳しく知ることのできる立場にあったため、同じ内容の記事でも、まだ朝廷で中心的な立場になる前の九条兼実の『玉葉』より詳細な事実を知ることができる箇所もある。
- Because Tsunefusa held positions of Kurodo gashira (Head of the Imperial Secretary Office) and In-Betto (chief of the retired Emperor's palace) during the disturbance and knew well the decisions made by the Imperial court, 'Kikki' has more detailed records than 'Gyokuyo,' a diary written by Kanezane KUJO, who was not a leading figure in the Imperial court yet at that time.
- 一度コツを掴めば、その即興性や緊張感から、連句の面白さの虜となり得るが、複数人が集まって座を形成しなければならないことや、俳句に比べてルールが複雑なこと等からくる敷居の高さが連句人口の増加を妨げていると推測される。
- Despite the fact that once people have gotten the knack of creating renku they often become fascinated with the improvisation and the pleasant creative stress it requires, several people have to gather together in order to create renku, and the compositional rules are more complicated than those for writing haiku; these and other factors seem to prevent very many people from joining the ranks of renku creators.
- これらの補訂作業の情報はその後刊行されたいくつかの校本(例えば『新日本古典文学大系 源氏物語』1993年(平成5年)~1997年(平成9年))において一部の研究者が本写本を直接調査した結果が部分的に明らかにされてきた。
- For detailed information on these revisions, some scholars have studied the manuscript firsthand and a part of the results has become clear in some variorums published later (e.g. 'Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei Genji Monogatari ' from 1993 through 1997).
- 曲斉は「風調は地を専にして風韻を主とし、高雅なるもの、「冬の日」に似ず、曲節なるもの「ひさご」に反して、ひとり当時の一体と見れば、世挙て俳諧の花実全備たりと称して、ここにとどまることしばらくあり」(「婆心録」)とある。
- Kyokusai said, '風調は地を専にして風韻を主とし, it is elegant unlike 'Fuyu no hi' (a day in winter), and a tune is against 'Hisago' (Gourd), so it is the best haikai collection in this country and will survive for a long time.' ('Bashinroku' - collection of grandmotherly solicitude)
- この計画は最初は2ないし3冊程度からなる源氏物語の注釈書として計画されたものであるが、池田亀鑑はそのために必要な資料を集めていく中で古注を研究者が容易に利用できるような資料、すなわち「古注集成」を作ることの必要性を感じた。
- At first, it was a project of creating a commentary of The Tale of Genji consisting of two or three volumes, but in the process of collecting necessary materials, Kikan IKEDA felt a necessity to make something that enabled scholars to easily access old annotations, that is to say, 'a collection of old annotations.'
- 天地の別れし時ゆ神さびて、高く貴き駿河なる、富士の高嶺を天の原、振り放け見れば渡る日の、影も隠らひ照る月の、光も見えず白雲も、い行きはばかり時じくぞ、雪は降りける語り継ぎ、言ひ継ぎ行かむ富士の高嶺は(万葉集317、山部赤人)
- Heaven and earth:Since the time they parted,Of manifest divinity,Reaching the heights of awe,In Suruga standsThe high peak of Fuji;The field of heaven:On gazing at the distant sightThe coursing sunLight is blocked andThe shining moonLight goes unseen;The white clouds, too,Shrink from passing by asCeaselesslySnow falls:From mouth to mouth will pass the word,Travelling and speakingOf the peak of Fuji. (Manyoshu No. 317 by YAMABE no Akahito)
- 全81巻と「陰徳記序および目録」1冊で、戦国時代 (日本)の山陰地方、山陽地方を中心に、室町時代13代将軍足利義輝の時代から、慶長の役まで(永正8年(1507年)頃-慶長3年(1598年)頃までの約90年間)を書く軍記物語。
- It is a war chronicle comprising 81 volumes plus a separate volume entitled 'Intokuki jo oyobi mokuroku' (Preface and Table of Contents for the Intokuki); it is focused mainly on the Sanin and Sanyo regions and begins its account in the time of the thirteenth Shogun of the Muromachi period, Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA, and continuing until the Keicho Campaign (or in other words, it covers a roughly 90-year span from 1507 to 1598).
- また本書は、『太平記』ブームにあやかった通俗史書ではあるが、そこに描かれる世界は、講釈、浄瑠璃、歌舞伎、小説などに多くの題材を提供し、歌舞伎鑑賞や読本を行う上での下地となる歴史教養を、当時の江戸の人々にもたらしたものである。
- Although the book was a vulgar book on history, which caught onto the popularity of 'Taiheiki,' the world described in Zen-zen Taiheiki provided many subjects for arts and cultures such as Koshaku (story telling), Joruri (Ballad drama), Kabuki (traditional drama performed by male actors) and novels and also gave people of the Edo Period basic knowledge about history on which people at that time could depend when they enjoyed Kabuki or read books.
- なお、索引を作る作業自体は早くから始められていたらしく、1943年に東京大学で池田亀鑑から源氏物語の講義を受けた今井源衛は、「講義の中で当時すでに一部完成していたらしい索引を元にして源氏物語語意論を語っていた」と述べている。
- It seems that the work of making the index itself began from an early period, and Gene IMAI, who attended a lecture on The Tale of Genji by Kikan IKEDA at Tokyo University in 1943, said, 'he already gave a lecture on lexicology of The Tale of Genji on the basis of the index which seems to have already been completed partly at that time.'
- また、物語内容に反体制な要素が認められることから当時権力を握っていた藤原氏の係累ではなく、漢学・仏教・民間伝承に精通し、仮名文字を操ることができ、貴重だった紙の入手も可能な人物で性別は男性だったのではないかと推定されている。
- Also, there is something antiestablishment in the tale, so the author couldn't have been a descendant of the Fujiwara clan who held power in those days, therefore it is considered that the tale would have been written by a male writer who was familiar with the study of the Chinese classics, Buddhism, folklore, and able to write kana letters on paper, which was precious.
- 源氏物語が成立してまもなくの1020年ころのことを記したと見られる更級日記の逸文において、著者の菅原孝標女が源氏物語を読むに当たって「譜をぐして」(「譜」と呼ばれるものを手元に置いて)源氏物語を読んだとする記録が残されている。
- In a surviving fragment of the Sarashina Nikki (Sarashina Diary), which records events around 1020 or so, soon after the Tale of Genji was written, the author, SUGAWARA no Takasue, writes that his daughter read the Tale of Genji 'with something called 'Fu' beside her.'
- この記述を根拠として、朝廷内での文字の常用はおそらく西暦600年前後、厩戸皇子(聖徳太子)の頃であり、継体天皇即位の頃については文字としての記録は無く、口頭での言い伝えとして大和朝廷周辺に記憶があったのみであるとする説もある。
- Based on this description, there is a theory that characters probably began to be used commonly in the Imperial Court around 600 during the era of Prince Umayado (Prince Shotoku) and that there were no records of characters around the time of the enthronement of Emperor Keitai, which was only remembered as a tradition by the people of the Yamato Dynasty.
- 皇室の一族(多くの場合故先帝から始まっており、今上帝 (源氏物語)にいたるまでの全ての天皇・全ての皇子・全ての皇女が含まれる最も規模の大きい系譜である。光源氏(通常は「六条院」と呼ばれている)及びその子孫達も全てここに含まれる)
- Genealogy of Emperor's families (most of them begin with the late emperor, and continues until Kinjo no Mikado [The Tale of Genji], which is the largest-scale genealogy including all Emperors, Imperial Princes, and Princesses; Hikaru Genji [usually called 'Rokujoin'] and his descendants are all included here.)
- 本帖での光源氏の年齢は、古くからずっと後の藤裏葉帖で「翌年40の賀を迎える」とする記述からこの時点の光源氏の年齢を39とし、そこからそこまでにあるさまざまな時間の経過を表す記述を拾い上げて逆算していくことにより明らかにされてきた。
- The age of Hikaru Genji in this chapter has become clear by counting backwards from his age, 39, which was suggested by the description that 'he will celebrate his 40th birthday ceremony next year' in the later chapter of Fuji no Uraba (Wisteria Leaves), and picking up various descriptions of time going by between them.
- 根本的な事実である律令国家体制下の編纂という時代の性質、編纂の主体が置かれていた天皇の臣下という立場の性質、政治的な地位の保全への期待という思想性、それらを無視して百済三書に基づく日本書紀の記述を読むことは全くもって不可能である。
- It is totally impossible to understand the descriptions of Nihonshoki based on the three books of Baekje without regard to the backgrounds such as the period under the system of the Japanese nation under the ritsuryo codes, the position as a follower of the emperor who led the compilation, and the expectation to maintain their political status.
- 広く動乱の時代が生んだ悲劇を描き、単に恋人を失った「世の常」の悲哀とは等価ならざる痛切な心情が託された彼女の家集は、同じような運命をたどった人々の強い共感を呼び、太平洋戦争中、愛する者の出征を見送った女性たちの間で愛読されたという。
- Her poetry collection, which describes the tragedies born in a time of general upheaval, leaves a poignancy different from the 'ordinary' sorrow caused by simply losing one's lover, evoking strong sympathies from people who had a similar fate, and it is said that during the Pacific War, it was popular among women who saw someone they loved sent off to the front.
- しかし、池田ら関係者がさまざまな伝手をたどった結果、中央公論社が谷崎潤一郎による(当時の)現代語訳源氏物語の出版に続く源氏物語の出版事業として同社から1942年(昭和17年)10月に『校異源氏物語』全4冊として出版されることになった。
- However, after IKEDA and other staff involved in the work tried to develop connections, Chuo Koronsha Inc. decided to publish 'Koi Genji monogatari' (book of comparison of The Tale of Genji) (four volumes in total) in October 1942 as a publishing project which followed publication of the (then) contemporary translation of The Tale of Genji by Junichiro TANIZAKI.
- そもそも当然のことながら本文の比較校合の作業が始められた昭和初期の時点で存在が明らかになっており、かつ比較校合が可能であった写本しかとりあげられておらず、その後発見された、あるいは価値が明らかになった多くの写本との比較は行われていない。
- In the first place, only the manuscripts where the existence was confirmed in the early Showa period, when the collating work started, and which he could collate were adopted, so many of the manuscripts found later or where the value was discovered were not collated.
- 二代目吉野太夫(よしのたゆう、慶長11年3月3日 (旧暦)(1606年4月10日) - 寛永20年8月25日 (旧暦)(1643年10月7日)) は嶋原(後に嶋原に移転)の太夫で本名は松田徳子、生まれたのは京都の方広寺近くと伝えられる。
- Yoshino Tayu II (April 10, 1606 - October 7, 1643) was a Tayu of Shimabara (later moved to Shimabara), who was said to have been born near the Hoko-ji Temple in Kyoto, and her real name was Tokuko MATSUDA.
- 神武天皇の即位を紀元前660年に当たる辛酉(かのととり、しんゆう)の年を起点として紀年を立てている理由は、中国から伝えられた讖緯説を採用したためという学説が、明治に那珂通世(なかみちよ)によりうちたてられ、学界で広く受け入れられている。
- In the Meiji period, Michiyo NAKA established a theory that the enthronement of Emperor Jinmu was defined in the kanototori year which corresponded to 660 B.C. because shinisetsu was introduced from China and adopted in Japan, which has been accepted in academic world.
- 元暦元年(1184年)、西国にいる資盛へ手紙を遣わしたが、翌春にはその入水を知ることになり、間もなく西海から帰還した建礼門院を寂光院に訪れて、その変わり果てた姿に涙して「今や夢昔や夢と迷はれていかに思へどうつつとぞなき」と詠んだという。
- In 1184, she sent a letter to Sukemori who had been in the southwest of the capital, but learned about his death in the water the next spring, and soon visited Jakko-in Temple, where she saw Kenrei Monin who had been rescued from the sea in Kyushu, and shed tears seeing how wretched she looked, composing this poem: 'I wander in confusion: is this a dream? Was the past a dream? However I try, I cannot believe in this reality.'
- 他方、長慶天皇と後亀山天皇が同母兄弟なのかに関しては、それを裏付ける確証がないことから否定的な見方が有力であった中で、塙保己一のように早くから同母兄弟であることを主張する人もあった(ただし、塙は後亀山天皇を兄、長慶天皇を弟と主張していた)。
- As to the matter whether Emperor Chokei and Emperor Gokameyama were brothers, there is no evidence to prove it and most people denied it, however there are some scholars like Hokiichi HANAWA who claimed that these Emperors were brothers from early on (according to HANAWA, Emperor Gokameyama was an older brother and Emperor Chokei was a younger brother).
- このために「終わることなく終わりを告げる」等と評されており、作者が構想通りここで完結するように書き進められてきて予定通り完結させたのか、それとももっと先まで書き進める構想はあったが何らかの事情でここで中断してしまったのか議論になることがある。
- As a result, this chapter is commented as the one which 'tells the end without ending,' and it sometimes generates the arguments whether the author went on writing with the idea of ending at this point and completed as planned or stopped writing halfway through for some reason though she intended to continue writing.
- 平安時代後期の『今昔物語集』にも竹取物語と同様の説話(巻31「竹取の翁、女児を見つけて養う語」)が採集されているが、求婚者への難題は3題のみであり、月へ帰る夜も十五夜でなく、富士山の地名由来譚も登場しない、『竹取物語』より簡略された内容である。
- 'Konjaku Monogatari Shu' (Tales of Times Now Past) completed in the late Heian period also includes a similar story to Taketori Monogatari (volume 31, 'A story of Taketori no Okina who found a baby girl and brought her up'), but in this version the plot is more simplified: only three difficult tasks are given to the suitors; Princess Kaguya doesn't return to the moon on the 15th night; a history of the name of Mt. Fuji is not introduced.
- また、現在のように調査・研究の対象となる価値のある写本が公的な施設や大学等の研究機関よりも大名や公家の流れを汲む名家や個人の資産家に多く所蔵されていた時代であり、写本の調査を拒否されたり、許されてもさまざまな制約を付けられる場合も少なくなかった。
- Also, unlike today, it was the time when manuscripts that were valuable enough to be used for investigation and study were owned by distinguished families who were descended from daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) or court nobles, and wealthy persons, so he often met with refusals to investigate manuscripts and even if he was allowed to do it, there were various restrictions.
- また、三条西実隆による古系図の「整理」も、一から全面的に作り直したのではなく、それまでに存在した源氏物語古系図の一本に証本にしようとして自らが整えた青表紙本の(三条西家系統の)本文に合うように手を加えるという形で行われたにすぎないと考えられている。
- It is also thought that 'organizing' old genealogies by Sanetaka SANJONISHI was not a work thoroughly carried out from the beginning, but he just revised the text of Aobyoshi-bon manuscript (in the Sanjonishi group) which he had arranged in order to make the existing old genealogy of The Tale of Genji a reliable book.
- また、本書で校異に採用されていながら(おそらくは当時の所有者の意向により)「某家蔵」等としか表示されず当初から写本の所在が明らかでなかったり、当時の写本の所在は明らかであってもその後戦中・戦後の混乱期を経て所在が不明になった写本もいくつか存在する。
- Also, there are some manuscripts selected for collation (probably in accordance with the owners' wishes in those days), but he indicated only 'owned by a certain family,' so nobody knew where the manuscripts were from in the beginning, or there were also other manuscripts which have been missing since the chaotic period during and after the war, although it was known in those days that they existed.
- が、書紀古写本(乾元本神代紀)に「弘仁説」として引用されている『弘仁私記』(和訓が万葉仮名で表記され上代特殊仮名遣も正確)と比べると、現在の伝本(和訓の大半が片仮名表記)は書写の過程ではなはだしく劣化したものであり、原型をとどめていないと見られる。
- However, compared to 'Koninshiki' (the Japanese reading of a Chinese character is written by Manyo-gana (a form of syllabary used in the Manyo-shu or Collection of Myriad Leaves), and ancient special Kana usage is also accurate) which was cited as 'the Konin theory' in an old manuscript of Shoki (Jindaiki (Records of period of gods) of the Kengen book), the existing denpon (existent books of transcription and published books) (most of the Japanese readings of Chinese characters are written in katakana (syllable based writing system of the Japanese language)) was greatly deteriorated during the process of transcript, so that it is regarded to be different from the original form.
- このように現在の源氏物語の本文研究の学問的水準から考えると問題も多く、批判されることもしばしばある校本ではあるが、歴史上初めて完成した学術的な源氏物語の校本でありながら、21世紀に入っても通常の研究に利用しうる源氏物語の校本としては最も整ったものである。
- As mentioned above, there are many problems from the view of an academic level of the present text study of The Tale of Genji, and the variorum is often criticized, but it was the best organized variorum among those of The Tale of Genji which can be used for the regular study even in the 21st century, although it was the earliest academic variorum of The Tale of Genji in history.
- 古来、非常にとうとばれた集であり、森川許六は「前猿蓑は俳諧の古今集也、初心の人去来が猿蓑より当流俳諧に入るべし」(「宇陀法師」)といい、各務支考は「猿蓑集に至りて、全く花実を備ふ」(「発願文」)といい、伊藤風国は「正風の腸を見せ」(「伯船集」序)といい。
- This has been considered very important since olden times, and Kyoriku MORIKAWA said, 'Sarumino is the Kokinshu (abbreviation for Kokin Wakashu - A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry) of haikai, therefore the beginner of haikai should read Sarumino first,' ('Uda no Hoshi'), while Shiko KAGAMI said, 'Sarumino is the best collection ever' ('Hotsugan bun' - vow), and Fukoku ITO stated that 'the spirit of shohu (Basho style) has been revealed' (the preface to 'Hakusen shu' - Collection of Hakusen).
- しかし、10世紀の『大和物語』、『うつほ物語』や11世紀の『栄花物語』、『狭衣物語』などに『竹取物語』への言及が見られ、また『源氏物語』「絵合」巻に「物語の出で来はじめの祖なる竹取の翁」とあることから、遅くとも10世紀半ばまでに成立したと考えられている。
- However, 'Yamato Monogatari' (Tales of Yamato) and 'Utsuho Monogatari' (The Tale of the Cavern) completed in the tenth century, and 'Eiga Monogatari' (A Tale of Flowering Fortunes) and 'Sagoromo Monogatari' (The Tale of Sagoromo) in the eleventh century refer to 'Taketori Monogatari,' and moreover a chapter of 'A Picture Contest' in 'Genji Monogatari' (The Tale of Genji) says, 'Taketori no Okina, a founder of the tale,' which suggests that the tale was completed at least by the mid-tenth century.
- 元久元年(1204年)、熊野行遍法橋は、『新古今和歌集』の撰者の1人である藤原定家を訪ね、西行(1118年 - 1190年)のことなどを懐かしく語り合った(『明月記』元久元年6月15日条)結果、『新古今和歌集』に「法橋行遍」という名前で上記の4首が入撰された。
- In 1204, Kumano Gyohen Hokkyo visited FUJIWARA no Teika, one of the selectors of 'Shinkokin Wakashu,' having a talk with him about Saigyo (1118-1190) and others with nostalgia ('Meigetsuki,' July 20, 1204), as a result, four of his poems were selected under the name of 'Hokkyo Gyohen' for 'Shinkokin Wakashu.'
- 当初書かれた本文が比較的藤原定家の本文をよく保存しているよい青表紙本系統の本文であると考えられる(但し一部に独自の異文も見られる。)のに対して後の書き込みの多くが河内本系統の本文によるものであると見られている(但し中には定家の自筆本に合わせた訂正も見られる。)。
- The text first written is considered the text of the Aobyoshi-bon line manuscript, which preserved the text written by FUJIWARA no Teika relatively well (although it partly includes different sentences made by Teika, too), while it is considered that most of the notes made by the posterity are based on the Kawachi-bon line manuscripts (however, it also contains some corrections in accordance with the manuscript in Teika's own hand).
- しかしながら現存している源氏物語を題材にした絵巻物の中で、また「源氏物語絵巻」という名称で呼ばれている絵巻物の中で最も古く、最も著名であり、研究史上最も重要な絵巻物がこれであることから、特に何の説明も付けずに単に「源氏物語絵巻」と呼ぶ場合にはこれ(のみ)を指すことが多い。
- However, because this is the oldest, most famous and most important for research among the picture scrolls on The Tale of Genji and among picture scrolls that are called 'The Tale of Genji Emaki,' 'The Tale of Genji Emaki' often means (only) this one except as otherwise noted.
- 京極派歌壇には、(1)歌の家としての京極家(および当時はまだ一家を成すにいたっていなかった冷泉家)、(2)京極派歌風を信奉する歌人たちの集まり、(3)伏見院宮廷における文学サロンの三つの面があり、それぞれが互いに重なりあいつつ全体として「京極派」と呼ぶべきものをかたちづくっている。
- Three sub-categories are covered under the umbrella term 'poetry circles of the Kyogoku school': 1) members of the Kyogoku family itself, a family famous for its waka production (this would also include the Reizei family, since at this point it had not yet split away and become independent), 2) gatherings of poets who had adopted the Kyogoku poetic style, and 3) the literary salon at Emperor Fushimi's court; each of these aspects reinforced the other until the overall entity took shape as something that could be called 'the Kyogoku school.'
- 『源氏物語大成』の底本としての大島本についても、大島本という写本が、当初書かれた本文に対して時代の異なる、おそらく最初に書写されてよりあまり間をおかない時期から、おそらくは江戸時代末期ころまでの期間にわたる複数人によると見られる多くの墨筆・朱筆による書入れ・ミセケチ等が行われている。
- The Oshima-bon manuscript, as the original text of 'Genji monogatari taisei,' contain many notes in black or red ink and deleted characters with a line, which seem to have been done by several people during the term from maybe not long after it was first transcribed till probably the late Edo period.
- なお、日本書紀欽明天皇2年3月条には、分注において皇妃・皇子に付いて本文と異なる異伝を記した後、『帝王本紀』について「古字が多くてわかりにくいためにさまざまな異伝が存在するのでどれが正しいのか判別しがたい場合には一つを選んで記し、それ以外の異伝についても記せ」と命じられた事を記している。
- In addition, in the notes of the section of April 541 in Nihonshoki, there is a description on the order 'to choose one tradition and write other heresies when there were too many heresies to judge which ones were true and it is difficult to choose one because of too many old characters' about 'Teio Honki' (The Chronicle of Emperors) after the notes on heresies about empresses and princes.
- 内容は、発句382句(芭蕉41句、去来25句、宝井其角25句、凡兆42句)、連句歌仙4巻(去来、芭蕉、凡兆、中村史邦4吟1巻。凡兆、芭蕉、去来3吟1巻。凡兆、芭蕉、岡田野水、去来4吟1巻。芭蕉、川井乙州、浜田珍碩、素男その他1巻)、幻住庵記、几右日記をおさめ、これに其角序、内藤丈草跋が付く。
- It contains 382 hokku (41 poems by Basho, 25 by Kyorai, 25 by Kikaku TAKARAI, 42 by Boncho) and 4 volumes of Renku Kasen (thirty-six verse comic linked verse) (1 volume by Kyorai, Basho, Boncho, and Fumikuni NAKAMURA; 1 volume by Boncho, Basho, and Kyorai; 1 volume by Boncho, Basho, Yasui OKADA, and Kyorai; 1 volume by Basho, Otokuni KAWAI, Chinseki HAMADA, 素男, and others), Genjuan ki, Kiyu Diary, a preface written by Kikaku and a postscript by Joso NAITO.
- しかも、源氏物語の登場人物の中で本名(と思われるもの)が明らかなのは身分の低い光源氏の家来である藤原惟光と源良清くらい(玉鬘 (源氏物語)を含める説もある)であり、光源氏をはじめとして大部分の登場人物は本文中にはその官職や居住地などのゆかりのある場所の名前に由来する「呼び名」しか記されていない。
- In addition, of the characters in The Tale of Genji, the people whose (possible) real names are known are only FUJIWARA no Koremitsu and MINAMOTO no Yoshikiyo, lower-class servants of Hikaru Genji (some people include Tamakazura, too, in them), but in the tale, most of the characters including Hikaru Genji are known by their 'nicknames' which were derived from their official positions or the names of their related places such as their residences.
- 菅原孝標女の作であるとする説は、藤原定家筆御物本更級日記の奥書に「ひたちのかみすかはらのたかすゑ/のむすめの日記也 母倫寧朝臣女/傅のとののははうへのめひ也/よはのねさめ みつのはままつ/みつからくゆる あさくら なとは/この日記の人のつくられたるとそ」という記述が見られるところから起ったものである。
- The theory that says that it was a work by SUGAWARA no Takasue's daughter originates from a comment found in the postscript of Sarashina Nikki, a book of Imperial collection written by FUJIWARA no Sadaie, 'The diary of the daughter of SUGAWARA no Takasue, Governor of Hitachi Province, her mother was a daughter of Tomoyasu Ason (a high-ranking hereditary title), she was a daughter of Crown Prince's tutor's mother, Yowa no Nezame and Mitsu no Hamamatsu みつからくゆる あさくら なとは were written by the author of this diary.'
- しかしながら、京に伝えられた義家の無限地獄の伝承や、義家の同時代人藤原宗忠が、その日記『中右記』に、「故義家朝臣は年来武者の長者として多く無罪の人を殺すと云々。積悪の余り、遂に子孫に及ぶか」と記したことも合わせ考えると、義家に従って参戦した京武者から伝え聞いた義家のひとつの側面であり実話と見なしうる。
- However, considering the tradition of Yoshiie's hell in Kyoto and a description of 'Chuyuki' (a diary written by FUJIWARA no Munetada who lived in the same period as Yoshiie) as 'The late Yoshiie Ason had killed many innocent people as the head of warriors for a long time. His piling sins may affect on his descendants,' it is one of the aspects of Yoshiie told by a samurai in the imperial capital who joined the war with Yoshiie, so that it can be regarded as the truth.
- しかし、池田亀鑑の弟である池田晧が普及版の月報において明らかにしたところによれば、校異編において使われている校異の表記方法はいくつかの試行錯誤の末池田晧の提案を池田亀鑑が採用したものであることなどを始めとして、『源氏物語大成』の成立に係わる極めて重要な部分にまでその助力が及んでいることが明らかになった。
- However, according to what Kikan IKEDA's younger brother, Akira IKEDA, revealed in the monthly bulletin of a popular edition, the family cooperated with him even in the quite important work of completing 'Genji monogatari taisei,' for example, Kikan IKEDA tried and failed the way of describing the differences in the book of comparison, and then he finally adopted Akira IKEDA's suggestion.
- 「承久記」と思われる軍記物の初見は洞院公定の「公定公記」応永7年(1374年)4月21日条に見え、「平家勘門録」(へいけかもんろく)などの複数の史料に「保元物語」「平治物語」「平家物語」「承久記」の四つを「四部合戦状」(しぶがっせんじょう)(あるいは「四部之合戦書」)と呼んでいたことを見ることができる。
- A war tale which seems to be 'Jokyuki' first appeared in the entry dated April 21 1374 of 'Record of Minister Kinsada' by Kinsada TOIN, and you can see that 'Hogen Monogatari,' 'Heiji Monogatari' 'Heike Monogatari,' and 'Jokyuki' were called 'Shibu Gassenjo' (four war tales) (or 'Shibu no Gassensho') in the several historical materials like 'Heike kanmonroku.'
- このことは藤原定家と源光行らが共に当時の本文の状況を「乱れていてどれが正しいのかわからない。」と認識していたにもかかわらず、定家は「疑問を解決することはできなかった。」という意味のことを述べ、源光行は「調べた結果疑問を解決することができた。」という意味のことを述べていることともよく対応していると考えられてきた。
- It has been considered that this corresponds to the remarks from FUJIWARA no Teika and MINAMOTO no Mitsuyuki; both of them recognized that the sentences in those days were 'out of order, and it was hard to tell which one was correct,' but Teika said, 'I could not solve the questions,' while Mitsuyuki said, 'after investigation, I could solve the problems.'
- ただし、草稿は存在してある程度写本などの形で所有されていたらしく、一条天皇の時代の寛弘7年(1010年)頃に天皇や藤原道長が新国史の編纂再開を検討したものの天皇崩御によって実現しなかったとされること(『権記』同年8月8日条・『御堂関白記』同8月29日条など)、藤原通憲作成の図書目録などによると40巻本と50巻本があることが分かる。
- However, it seems that a draft did exist and was owned to some extent in various manuscript forms, and it is known that around 1010, during the reign of Emperor Ichijo, the emperor and FUJIWARA no Michinaga appear to have considered the resumption of compiling the Shinkokushi, although this was never realized due to the emperor's death (entries in 'Gonki' (FUJIWARA no Yukinari's diary) on eighth month eighth day in the same year, and in the 'Mido Kanpaku ki' on fourth month twenty-ninth day in the same year),and that, according to a catalogue made by FUJIWARA no Michinori, there existed versions both in 40 and 50 parts.
- 金沢の柵での戦いの終盤で冬になり、柵を包囲する義家軍も「大雪に遭い、官軍、戦うに利をうしない、軍兵多くは寒さに死し飢えて死す、或いは馬肉を切りて食し・・・」(康富記)という、前年の沼柵での悲惨な敗北を思い出し、自分が死んだあと、国府(多賀城)に残る妻子が、なんとか京へ帰れるようにと、手紙を書き、旅賃に変えられそうなものを送り届けるシーンがある。
- There is a description that in the end of the battle at the Kanazawa barrier the Yoshiie army which surrounded it remembered the dreadful defeat at Numanosaku in the previous year, which was written as 'Suffering from big snow, the Imperial army lost advantages for fighting and many soldiers died of coldness and hunger, or ate horse meat,' wrote a letter and sent anything which could be changed to traveling cost for their wives and children who remained at kokufu (provincial office, i.e., the Taga castle) to be able to go back to Kyoto after their death.
- 松田ひろむは、「俳句に季語はあってもなくてもいいのでしょうか。そうではありません。はっきりいって季語はあったほうがいいのです。俳句にとって『季語』は大きな役割を果たします。季語は象徴となるイメージを与えてくれるのです。これを連想力といってもいいでしょう。また時間と空間を大きく広げる役割があるのです」(『入門詠んで楽しむ俳句16週間』新星出版社)という。
- Hiromu MATSUDA says in 'Introduction to Haiku: Pleasure of Writing for Sixteen Weeks' (Shinsei Publishing Company), 'Is is alright for a haiku to not include a kigo? No. I believe that it should have a kigo. In haiku, the 'kigo' plays an important role. The kigo creates a symbolic image. You can call this the power of evocation. It also has a role in greatly expanding time and space.'
- また、大島本に欠けている巻(浮舟 (源氏物語))、大島本があってもそれが飛鳥井雅康の筆でなく後人の補筆である巻(桐壺、夢浮橋)、大島本が飛鳥井雅康の筆であっても別本系統の本文であることが判明した巻(初音 (源氏物語))、については大島本を底本にせず「大島本ニ次グベキ地位ヲ有スル」とされた二条為氏の書写と伝えられる池田本(旧池田家所蔵本)を底本にしている。
- In addition, the following three kinds of volume of the Oshima-bon manuscript were not used for the original text, and the Ikeda-bon manuscripts (owned by the old Ikeda family) which was said 'the second best after the Oshima-bon' and transcribed by Tameuji NIJO were used instead: the missing volume in the Oshima-bon (Ukifune [A Drifting Boat]), the volumes in Oshima-bon that was not written by Masayasu ASUKAI, but supplementarily written by the posterity (Kiritsubo [The Paulownia Court], Yume no Ukihashi [The Floating Bridge of Dreams]), and the volumes in the Oshima-bon which were written by Masayasu ASUKAI, but based on the Beppon line manuscripts (Hatsune [The First Warbler]).
- さらに作業を進めていく中で、源氏物語本文の写本ごとの異なりが当時一般に言われていたような「源氏物語の本文には、写本や版本によって単純な写し間違いなどに起因すると見られる細かい差異は多数存在するものの、文の意味や話の筋立てに影響を及ぼすような違いはほとんど存在しない」という状況ではなく、古注の解釈の上でも無視できない差異がしばしば見られることが明らかになった。
- While he was making work progress further, he noticed that a common view which was believed in those days about the differences among the manuscripts of The Tale of Genji was wrong; it was said that 'there are a lot of tiny differences among the manuscripts and woodblock books of The Tale of Genji, which were due to simple mistakes made in copying, but there is almost nothing which affects the meanings of sentence or the plot.'
- 以降、死の前年である天文 (元号)5年(1536年)2月まで、60年以上にわたって日記が残っているが、数か月ないし数年にわたって空白の時期が見られる(たとえば、最初期の文明6年(1474年)には3月から7月までの記述がなく、出家の前後となる永正10年(1513年)~13年はごく一部の時期のみ記述があり、永正14年(1517年)~16年は全く記述が残っていない)。
- The diary which covers a span of more than sixty years up to the year before his death in March 1536 remains, although there are some blank periods of time of several months or several years (For example, there is no record from April to August (old calender) the early period, and between 1517 and 1519, and as to the years between 1513 and 1516, around which he became a priest, only limited descriptions are existent).
- 本書を作る過程で池田亀鑑が購入した源氏物語の写本をはじめとする『伊勢物語』、『土佐日記』等の王朝文学に関する様々な資料は、1956年(昭和31年)12月の同人の没後もしばらくの間同人の私邸において亀鑑の次男である池田研二らによって生前に利用されていたほぼそのままの状態で保存管理されていた(同人の住居に付随してコンクリート二階建の書庫があり、そこで整然と保存されていたとされている)。
- After the death of Kikan IKEDA in December, 1956, various materials concerning Heian literature such as the manuscripts for The Tale of Genji, 'Ise monogatari' (The Tales of Ise), 'Tosa Nikki' (Tosa Diary), and so on which he purchased in the process of making this book were preserved and looked after in almost the same condition as he used in his lifetime by Kikan's second son, Kenji IKEDA and others at Kikan's private residence for a while (it is said that there was a two-story concrete library adjoined his residence, and the books were preserved in order).
- 「切れ字を入れるのは句を切るためである。しかし切れている句というのは切れ字によって切る必要はない。いまだに句が切れている、いないが、わからない初心者のために、あらかじめ切れ字の数を定めているのである。この定め字を入れれば十のうち七八の句は自然に切れる。しかし残りの二三は切れ字を入れても切れないダメ句である、また入れなくても切れるいい句もある。そういう意味では四十七文字すべてが切れ字となりうる」
- A kireji is used to pause a verse. However, a paused verse does not have to be paused by a kireji. The number of kireji is specified in advance for the beginners who are still unable to tell if a verse is paused or not. If these specified syllables are used, then seven or eight out of ten can be naturally paused. However, the rest of the two or three, are hopeless verses that cannot be paused even by using kireji, but there are good verses that are paused even without using kireji. In that case, all 47 syllables can be considered kireji.'
- この作品には、かぐや姫が竹の中から生まれたという竹中生誕説話(異常出生説話)、かぐやが3ヶ月で大きくなったという急成長説話、かぐや姫の神異によって竹取の翁が富み栄えたという致富長者説話、複数の求婚者へ難題を課していずれも失敗する求婚難題説話、帝の求婚を拒否する帝求婚説話、かぐや姫が月へ戻るという昇天説話(羽衣説話)、最後に富士山の地名由来を説き明かす地名起源説話など、非常に多様な要素が含まれている。
- This work contains very different elements of story: a story of Princess Kaguya's being born from a bamboo (a story of extraordinary birth); a story of sudden growth as Kaguya's becoming grown-up in three months; a story of becoming a rich man as Taketori no Okina's flourishing due to miracles created by Princess Kaguya; a story of suitors and difficult tasks as her giving difficult tasks to the suitors to fail in solving them; a story of Emperor's marriage proposal as her refusing Emperor's courtship; a story of rising to heaven (a story of a robe of feathers) as Princess Kaguya's returning to the moon; a story of an origin of the name of the place as the name of Mt. Fuji being revealed at the end of the tale.