いえ: 1000 Terms and Phrases
- とはいえ
- Although it is said that
- even though it is said
- admitting that
- that being said
- however
- nevertheless
- 言いえる
- to get to say
- to be able to say
- といえば
- talking of ~
- speaking of
- concerning
- といえども
- even
- although
- even though
- からいえば
- in terms of
- from the point of view of
- いえごきぶり
- harlequin roach (Neostylopyga Rhombifolia)
- harlequin cockroach
- ほうらいえそ
- Sloane's viperfish (Chauliodus sloani)
- 右といえば左
- always contradicting what other people say
- どちらかといえば
- if anything
- rather
- rather a
- 小型のせりといえる。
- It can be considered as a small seri (a device in theater that brings actors from the trap cellar onto the stage).
- 弓矢の家(ゆみやのいえ)
- Yumiya no ie
- 中らずといえども遠からず
- not exactly correct, but pretty close to it
- not far off the mark
- 当たらずといえども遠からず
- not exactly correct, but pretty close to it
- not far off the mark
- 最も一般的な様式といえる。
- Yoko-haiden is one of the most typical styles.
- 概ね互換性があるといえる。
- It may be said to have interchangeability with each other in general.
- その辺りも花らしいといえる。
- The above reminds us about the life of flowers.
- お世辞にもうまいとはいえない
- With the best will in the world, you can't say that it's good
- 貨幣の国家管理は急務といえた。
- The state control of currency was an urgent task.
- 炭櫃で火桶である物ともいえる。
- It can also refer to both subitsu and hioke.
- 「なんといえばよいでしょう。」
- I don't know how to say this, but…'
- 歳時記は詩語の集大成ともいえる。
- It can be said that Saijiki is the summarization of poetic dictions.
- カツカレーはその先駆けといえる。
- Katsu-curry can be called a pioneer of this culture.
- ・食味は里芋の中で、最高といえる。
- ・The taste is said to be the best among taro.
- 寛朝はなかでも中興の祖ともいえる。
- Particularly, Kancho was known as the patriarch of the Restoration.
- 士大夫の理念を実践した好例といえる。
- It can be seen as a good example where an ideal of Shidaifu was realized.
- これらも広義の蒲鉾の一つといえよう。
- In the broad sense, these are categorized as kamaboko.
- 「いいえわれわれは秩序を求めます。」
- No, we are asking for order.'
- 家子(いえのこ)とは、武士団の構成員。
- Ienoko are constituent members of bushidan (warrior bands).
- 出雲といえば日本の製鉄発祥の地である。
- Izumo is the place were iron production started in Japan.
- ここから観応の擾乱が始まったといえる。
- It can be said that the Kanno Disturbance began then.
- 日本初の炭素繊維で出来た道具といえる。
- It can be said to be the first tool made by a type of fiber.
- 大乗無我思想のひとつの到達点といえる。
- It could be said an extension of the idea of not-self, or Anatta in Mahayana Buddhism.
- 両者の俊寛像に大きな差があるといえる。
- It may be said that there was a big gap in the way of depicting Shunkan between 'Heike Monogatari' (The tale of the Heike) and 'Shunkan.'
- まさに長篠の戦いは失敗の典型例といえる。
- The case of the Battle of Nagashima is a typical failure.
- 山崎家治(いえはる)〔従五位下・甲斐守〕
- Ieharu YAMAZAKI (Jugoinoge, Kai no kami [the governor of Kai Province])
- 山崎家盛(いえもり)〔従五位下・左馬允〕
- Iemori YAMAZAKI (Jugoinoge [Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade]), samanojo [third officer of the Horse Office of the Left])
- 通常ただ「尺」といえば曲尺のことをいう。
- In general, simply 'shaku' refers to the kane-jaku.
- 当時としてはかなり平易な文章だといえる。
- The Fukuzawa's writing style was very simple in those days.
- これが画壇への本格的なデビューといえる。
- This was to be his full-scale debut into the art world.
- 上鞠 サッカーでいえばキックオフのこと。
- Agemari is an analog to the kickoff in a soccer game.
- 一般的な通念でもあり間違いとはいえない。
- This tendency remains even now, therefore it is difficult to draw a clear line between them.
- したがって末法思想=終末論とはいえない。
- Therefore, Mappo shiso is not equivalent to eschatology.
- 「いかに末世といえども主君を打つとは。」
- Even though it is a degenerate world, how could I hit the master.'
- そのため、戦略的には武田氏の勝ちといえる。
- Therefore, it can be said that the Takeda clan won the battle strategically.
- 京都の文化に深く根付いた峠といえるだろう。
- This pass is considered to be deeply involved in the history of Kyoto.
- ここにも、西軍の作戦ミスがあったといえる。
- It can be said that this was a strategic setback for the western army.
- 「八雲の道」といえば「歌道」のことである。
- Yakumo-no-michi' means 'Kado (the art of Waka poetry).'
- 田舎では錦絵といえばこれを指すほどの主流。
- They were so prevalent in the countryside that Nishikie virtually meant shunga.
- 粉地彩絵八角几(ふんじさいえのはっかくき)
- Funji Saie no Hakkakuki
- 団体客の場合、夕食の宴会はつき物といえる。
- When a large group of guests is staying they almost always have a banquet as dinner.
- この点は現在のイギリス国王も同じといえる。
- It can be said that the British monarch is in a similar situation in this behalf.
- しかし義昭は名目上とはいえ征夷大将軍である。
- However, Yoshiaki was, even if only in name, Seii taishogun (literally, 'the great general who subdues the barbarians').
- 引退したとはいえ、政治的発言力は保っていた。
- Although she retired, her political influence was still there.
- などの、殆ど陰口ともいえる辛辣な批評である。
- These comments are quite severe and can be said to be almost backbiting.
- そして、明治時代になって普及した語といえる。
- And it became widespread in the Meiji period.
- という2点は古くから変わらない特徴といえる。
- These two parts have not changed since long ago.
- 単に天王といえば、牛頭天王をさすことが多い。
- When the term 'Tenno' alone is used, it usually means Gozu Tenno.
- 出家といえど修行もせず堕落した僧が多かった。
- In other words, there were many corrupt priests who did not even train themselves in Buddhist ascetic practices.
- 合理性を重んずる浄土真宗らしい習慣といえる。
- It can be said that this practice of nenko represents Jodo Shinshu Sect's reasonable way of thinking.
- だが、あえてその逆を追及した酒種ともいえる。
- However, it can be said that teiseihakushu is a kind of sake daringly pursued in the opposite direction.
- したがって、両者とも相応の成果を得たといえる。
- Therefore, it can be said that both sides accomplished certain achievements.
- とはいえ、西郷の真意は今以て憶測の域内にある。
- Anyway, what SAIGO really thought is still in the realm of conjecture.
- 従前からの健児制を全国に拡大したものといえる。
- It can be said that this system was the nationwide version of the older kondei system.
- 日常の言葉を漢字で表記するための辞書といえる。
- It can be regarded as a dictionary used for expressing household words in the written form of kanji.
- 平安時代、「祭」といえば賀茂祭のことをさした。
- During the Heian period, Matsuri (Festival) simply means Kamo Matsuri.
- 酒が「液体」として商品になるゆえんともいえる。
- We can say that it is one of reasons to make sake a 'liquid' merchandise.'
- 極楽とは「幸福にみちみちている世界」といえる。
- Gokuraku can be called a world 'filled with happiness.'
- それぞれが伝統を高度に継承しているといえよう。
- Each part of Osaka seems to have inherited its fair share of tradition.
- これはマスメディアの発展と無関係とはいえまい。
- This was linked with the development of a mass media.
- さしずめ、ファストフードの衣料品版ともいえる。
- Therefore, it can be said to be the fashion equivalent of fast food.
- 日本海沿岸に残る鰊御殿は、番屋の一種ともいえる。
- Nishin-goten (herring castles) remaining along the coast of the Sea of Japan can be regarded as a type of banya.
- どちらかといえば、論客として活躍したようである。
- It seems that he rather acted as a disputant.
- これは短歌の本歌取りの手法を用いたものといえる。
- This is an application of a Tanka technique called Honkatori (writing poems quoted parts of old poems).
- とはいえ、唐の制度と完全に合致するものではない。
- However, it was not completely the same as the Chinese system.
- 住吉造の奥行きを半分に簡略化した様式ともいえる。
- In a sense, it is a simplified sumiyoshi-zukuri style with a half depth.
- 曲輪(くるわ) のある陣は“城”といえるだろう。
- A camp with Kuruwa (walls of a castle) may be called a 'castle.'
- 日光東照宮などの権現造も、八幡造の派生といえる。
- It can be said that the Gongen-zukuri style, exemplified by Nikko Toshogu Shrine, also derived from the Hachiman-zukuri style.
- 大規模前方後方墳も大和国に集中しているといえる。
- It can be said that large-scale square front, square back tomb mounds are concentrated in Yamato.
- 阿弥陀仏の久遠成仏説などは法華経の影響といえる。
- It could be said that Kuonjitsujo of Amitabha Buddha was influenced by the Hokke-kyo sutra.
- 温泉旅館といえば、団体での宴会がつきものである。
- Onsen-ryokan and banquets are inseparable.
- 業務運営上の都合とはいえ、これも評判はよくない。
- This is also unpopular, even if it is necessary to ensure the smooth running of the ryokan.
- その意味であらゆる宗教と対立関係にあるといえる。
- In that sense the Nichiren Shoshu Sect is against other religions.
- 請仏膸縁還本国(しょうぶつずいえんげんぽんごく)
- 請仏膸縁還本国 (Shobutsu zuien genbongoku)
- とはいえ、6世紀以降には王朝交代した証拠はない。
- However, no records remain to show the changes of dynasties after the 6th century.
- 近代的な国際関係樹立は、はなから躓いたといえよう。
- It can be said that the establishment of modern international relations was in difficulty from the beginning.
- また戦後沖縄で使用されたB円も軍票の一種といえる。
- Type B Military Yen' used in Okinawa after the WWII, could be a kind of military currency.
- だから、こういう兼学の場ができたのだ、ともいえる。
- This is because such an interdisciplinary learning place was created.
- しかし事実の記録としては逆に信頼度は高いといえる。
- Even so, the records are highly reliable.
- とはいえ宮中で全く演じられなくなったわけではない。
- Nevertheless, the abolition of Sangaku-ko doesn't necessarily mean that Sangaku was no longer performed at the Imperial court.
- 相撲で行われる神事としての舞、一種の神楽といえる。
- This is a dance performed as a Shinto ritual after sumo wrestling and is a kind of Kagura.
- 種といえるまでの分化が起こっていないと考えられる。
- It is thought that enough differentiation, by which kelp would be further classified into species, has not yet occurred.
- 模型とはいえ、日本人がはじめて作った機関車であった。
- Although it was just a model, it was the first locomotive made by Japanese.
- 現代の租税制度になぞらえれば、人頭税の一種といえる。
- It can be called a kind of Jintozei if it is similar to the modern tax system.
- 知盛が軍事の中枢ともいえる御厩別当に任じられている。
- Tomomori was appointed to Mimaya-Betto (chief of Umaya no tsukasa, ministry of the stables) which can be considered the center of military affairs.
- 単式複打についていえば、瀬戸内海沿岸地方に主に分布。
- The single drum multiple drummer technique, however, is chiefly practiced on the coastal area of the Seto Inland Sea.
- 単式複打についていえば東北地方の日本海側に主に分布。
- The single drum multiple drummer technique, however, is chiefly practiced on the Japan Sea side around the Tohoku area.
- この定義は下記のような事情から、現実的とはいえない。
- Considering the following situation, however, it is hard to say that the definition is realistic.
- 現在では通常は三曲合奏といえば尺八が入るものを指す。
- At present, sankyoku ensembles almost always include the shakuhachi.
- 愛染明王も、愛に対する見方を変え極めた仏といえよう。
- Aizen Myoo could be said to be a god that changed the viewpoint against love and mastered it.
- この条約における不平等的性格を決定づけた条項といえる。
- It can be said that the unequal nature of the treaty was determined by this provision.
- 一方で生活の質を向上させ、修養にも通じているといえる。
- On the other hand, it is also said that they have improved the quality of life and are related with training.
- 古代日本の教育について、多く知られているとはいえない。
- It cannot be said that much is known about education in ancient Japan.
- 赤松家と有馬家の縁の強さを象徴している一幕といえよう。
- This is a symbolic episode of the intimate relationship between the Akamatsu family and the Arima family.
- 社会詠(しゃかいえい)は和歌や俳句の種別の一つである。
- Shakaiei is a type of tanka as well as a haiku.
- またさらにそれを束ねた櫛の原型ともいえる出土品もある。
- Artifacts bundles of these sticks, which could be the origin of the comb, are in existence.
- 実際庵 - 養翠園(ようすいえん)にある表千家の茶室。
- Jissai-an refers to the tea ceremony house located in Yosui-en (garden).
- それだけ庶民に親しまれる日常の食べ物であったといえる。
- It means that okonomiyaki was the daily food common people were familiar with.
- そこで、暗号解読ともいえる方法により、翻訳作業を進めた。
- Therefore, their translation work resorted to the means that may be called decipherment.
- 松平家信(いえのぶ)〔従四位下、紀伊守〕松平家忠の長男。
- Ienobu MATSUDAIRA (Jushiinoge, Kii no kami), the oldest son of Ietada MATSUDAIRA.
- 例えば、大坂では芸者といえば男性で、芸子が女性であった。
- For example, in Osaka, geisha always referred to male and geiko meant female.
- 日本では初めて大王に固有の型式の陵墓が出現したといえる。
- This fact shows that a unique type of tumulus for Kings in Japan, was invented for the first time in history.
- 平曲・謡曲、民謡、浄瑠璃などの音曲は声明の転化といえる。
- The music of Heikyoku, Yokyoku, Minyo or Joruri can be said to be variations of Shomyo.
- 江戸時代以降、花見といえばサクラということになっている。
- Since the Edo period, Hanami (flower viewing) has come to be associated with cherry blossoms.
- そのため、「野暮でないから『いき』である」とはいえない。
- Therefore, it is not true that 'it is 'iki' because it is not yabo.'
- 銀座といえば主に徳川家康が開いた江戸幕府の銀座が知られた。
- The most famous was the Edo shogunate ginza that was opened by Ieyasu TOKUGAWA.
- 貴族といえども減刑は許されず、恩赦の対象にもならなかった。
- Even nobles were neither given reduction of the penalty nor granted amnesty.
- とはいえ、その後の摂関政治は権門優遇策をとった訳ではない。
- However, the later regency did not adopt a policy which favored influential families.
- 西郷は短期間とはいえ、伊藤茂右衛門から陽明学を学んでいる。
- Saigo learned Yomeigaku Neo-Confucianism from Moemon ITO, although it was just for a short time.
- 享年104(生年には異説が多く、正確な年齢とはいえない)。
- He died at the age of 104 (it would not seem to be an accurate age because there are many different opinions about his birth year).
- 少なくとも銘文にある徐州を呉の領域であるなどとはいえない。
- Xuzhou, at least, which is inscribed on one of the mirrors, cannot be said to have been one of the territories of Wu.
- その為、年少者が本装束を着用して舞うのは希少な例といえる。
- For this reason, it is very rare for younger dancers to perform in authentic costumes.
- 日本庭園(にほんていえん)とは、日本の伝統的な庭園である。
- Nihon teien is a traditional Japanese landscape garden.
- 単式複打についていえば、能登半島周辺の日本海側に主に分布。
- The single drum multiple drummer technique, however, is chiefly practiced on the Japan Sea side around the Noto peninsula.
- また、花見に一番使われる木であることも病気の遠因といえる。
- Additionally, being the most popular tree for flower viewing can be called an indirect cause of disease.
- 『風信帖』のスケールの大きさは日本の名筆中第一といえよう。
- It can be said that 'Fushinjo' is the largest-scale letter of Japanese excellent handwritings.
- したがって、他阿真教こそが、時宗の実質的な開祖といえよう。
- However, only Taa Shinkyo can be considered an actual founder of the Ji sect.
- 晩年の沢庵の言動は変節とも、家光に取り込まれたともいえる。
- Takuan's words and deeds in his later years could be interpreted as his apostasy or the fact that he was won over to Iemitsu's side.
- また、巨椋池といえば蓮といわれるほど古来から蓮見が行われた。
- Additionally, lotus flower viewing has been very popular since ancient times whereby, virtually, one cannot mention Ogura-ike Pond without mentioning the lotus.
- それまで船といえば船底が平たい和船と呼ばれる船しかなかった。
- Up to that time, all ships in Japan were so-called wasen (literally, Japanese ships) with a flat bottom.
- 現在、「棚田」といえば「急傾斜の山間地の階段状棚田」を指す。
- At present 'Tanada' means 'rice fields arranged in a staircase pattern on a very steep slope on a mountain.'
- 「曽祖父は晩年、どちらかといえば女性的な字を書いていました。
- 'My great grandfather, in his later years, had relatively feminine handwriting.
- どちらかといえば倉石大尉らのいる所の方が場所的には良かった。
- The latter was better in terms of location, comparatively.
- 「両截」とは二重を意味し、過渡的な性格を持っていたといえる。
- 'Ryosetsu' means double and it is certain that the system had transitional character.
- とはいえ、実権は長慶が握り、義輝も氏綱も傀儡に過ぎなかった。
- Despite the system, Nagayoshi held the real power, and Yoshiteru as well as Ujitsuna was only his puppet.
- そもそも老舗の組も元をたどればこれらの職業であったといえる。
- The origins of some of the oldest companies in Japan can be traced back to these occupations.
- これは料理関係の用語に総じていえることである(鶏卵を参照)。
- It can be generally applied to terms of cooking (refer to 'Hen's egg').
- その他昆布の加工品といえば、塩昆布(日高昆布)が連想される。
- As for other processed foods made from kelp, shio-konbu (L. angustata boiled in brine and soy) is famous.
- しかし日朝両国の思惑は最初から最後まですれ違っていたといえる。
- However, it can be said that the expectations of Japan and Korea were at cross-purposes from beginning to end.
- 能力のある三公・摂政・関白が高齢だといえども辞めてはならない。
- Any of talented three ministers, regent, and chief advisor to the emperor should not resign even if he is aged.
- このようなところにも、武士と武官の違いが現れているといえよう。
- Also in this point, the difference between bushi and military officer can be seen.
- 田堵は、荘園公領制の成立に非常に大きな役割を果たしたといえる。
- It may be said that Tato played a large role in the process of establishing shoen koryo sei (The system of Public Land and Private Estates).
- すなわち義和団の乱は辛亥革命に至る重要な伏線となったといえる。
- In other words, the Boxer Rebellion was an important development in the lead-up to the Xinhai Revolution.
- 宇喜多 秀家(うきた ひでいえ)は、安土桃山時代の武将・大名。
- Hideie UKITA was a Japanese military commander as well as a feudal lord in the Azuchi-Momoyama period.
- その点では、同時代の文学者たちの中で、出色であったといえよう。
- This charisma made Koyo an outstanding figure among his contemporary authors.
- もっと端的にいえば「貧しい様子」「貧乏」ということになろうか。
- In the extreme, it may mean a 'poor look' or 'poverty.'
- 南九州産を原料とする三軒は、信頼のおける生産者といえるだろう。
- Particularly significant are three manufacturers using the root of the kudzu vine grown in southern Kyushu.
- (ただし大型の機械弓は軽量(携帯)条件を無視した弓矢といえる)
- (However, a large machine bow ignores the requirement of lightness (mobility).)
- また「花」といえば桜を意味するようになるのもこの頃からである。
- The word 'Hana' (flowers) started to mean cherry blossoms around this time.
- 根に近い土壌を過剰に踏みしめられることは木に良いとはいえない。
- The excessive compacting of the soil around the roots due to foot traffic can't be good for the tree, either.
- 歴史的にみれば大正時代以前の生産形態へ回帰しているともいえる。
- From a historical point of view, we can say that the production system returned to its form in the Taisho period or earlier.
- 「飛鳥京跡」といえば上記の宮殿遺構を指すことが一般的ではある。
- Generally, the 'Asuka capital site' points out the palace sites mentioned above.
- 落語ではよく「大家といえば親も同然」などという台詞が聞かれる。
- Therefore, the expression 'an oya is nearly the same as a parent' frequently appears in rakugo.
- このように鎌倉時代には乱立ともいえるほど新しい宗派が誕生した。
- In this way, a flood of new sects appeared during the Kamakura period.
- 通常、四菩薩といえば、この密教における四菩薩を指す場合が多い。
- Usually, 'shibosatsu' means this combination of Bosatsu in Esoteric Buddhism.
- 狩野芳崖の悲母観音図(東京芸術大学蔵)はその代表作といえよう。
- Hibo Kannon-zu (painting of Avalokitesvara as a merciful mother) by Hogai KANO (owned by Tokyo University of the Arts) can be considered as a representative work of them.
- 現在の木曽馬とほぼ同じ大きさであり、現在でいうポニー級といえる。
- It was as big as the Kiso pony today so it was the size of the modern pony.
- 一方で義和団事件の再発を列国が恐れたための内容であるともいえる。
- On the other hand, it may be said that the Powers were afraid of reoccurrences of the Boxers Uprising.
- 王龍溪はryochiを非常に動的なものとして捉え直したといえる。
- It can be considered that Wang Longxi perceived ryochi to be quite dynamic.
- 公式な記録はないがおそらく日本初であることは間違いないといえる。
- Although there is no official record, it should be safe to assume that it was the first in-car murder case in Japan.
- 従来といえども決して変わり候事はこれなきは神明の知る所に御座候。
- God knows the alliance will never change in the future, too.
- 「兵」の需要はあったがそれほど大きなものではなかったともいえる。
- There was a need for 'tsuwamono' but not a great one.
- 徳川 家茂(とくがわ いえもち)は、江戸幕府第14代征夷大将軍。
- Iemochi TOKUGAWA was the 14th Seii Taishogun (great general who subdues the barbarians) of the Edo Shogunate.
- 「多勢の恃み有るに似たりといえども、更に凶徒の武勇を敗り難し。」
- We looked to have superiority in numbers but the rebels were stronger than us and hard to defeat.'
- 八幡太郎義家(はちまんたろうよしいえ)という呼び名でも知られる。
- He was also known by his alias, Hachimantaro Yoshiie.
- 石川光家(いしかわ みついえ、生没年不詳)は平安時代後期の武士。
- Mitsuie ISHIKAWA (year of birth and death unknown) was a samurai who lived during the late Heian period.
- 徳川 家定(とくがわ いえさだ)は、江戸幕府第13代征夷大将軍。
- Iesada TOKUGAWA was the thirteenth Seitaishogun (commander in chief of the expeditionary force against the barbarians; a great and unifying leader) of the Edo Bakufu.
- 水稲農耕は、かなりな速さで日本列島を縦断し伝播波及したといえる。
- Rice-paddy cultivation quickly spread across the Japanese Archipelago.
- 当時の常識では、世界にも類をみない画期的な歴史書だったといえる。
- It can be said to have been a revolutionary history book for the world by the common sense of that period.
- 「渋柿のごときもの」、これはたしかに俳句の本質の一面といえよう。
- Like an astringent persimmon,' definitely expresses one of the key essence of haiku poetry.
- 明治に活字文化が普及するまでは、日本の標準書体であったといえる。
- It had been the standard calligraphy style of Japan until the Meiji period, when printing became the common practice.
- 主に砲弾や石などを発射し、弓矢というよりは機械や兵器ともいえる。
- It mainly shoots cannonballs and stones so that it is considered to be a machine or weapon rather than Yumiya.
- この点の周知徹底の不十分さが、近年の年賀状遅配の一因ともいえる。
- The insufficiency of publication of this point may be a cause for the late delivery that has occurred in recent years.
- 依水園(いすいえん)は奈良県奈良市にある回遊式庭園(日本庭園)。
- Isuien Garden is kaiyushiki garden located in Nara City, Nara Prefecture.
- 昭和初期までは、町家(ちょういえ)とは町の集会所のことを指した。
- Until the early Showa period, '町家 (Choie)' was a term used to refer to meeting places of towns.
- 中国において雅楽ya-yüeといえば儀式に催される音楽であった。
- In China, Gagaku (ya-y?e) meant the music played in ceremonies.
- そうした点からすると、食文化として大切であるともいえるのである。
- When considering these points, it can also be said that whale meat is important in food culture.
- 松原水泳場(まつばらすいえいじょう)は、滋賀県彦根市にある水泳場。
- Matsubara Swimming Area is located in Hikone City, Shiga Prefecture.
- 大和守に平基盛が任じられたのも、平氏に対する期待の現われといえる。
- It is said that the appointing of TAIRA no Motomori as governor of Yamato Province is an expression of the hopes placed in the Taira clan to achieve a balance of power.
- だが、日本美術を中国美術の亜流と見なすことも同様に誤りといえよう。
- However, if you regard Japanese art as a poor imitation of Chinese art, it might be wrong as well.
- つまり、日本の律令制下では「印」といえば即「官印」だったのである。
- In other words, 'In' meant 'kanin' under the ritsuryo system in Japan.
- 大阪ではこの味が好まれ、だし昆布といえば、大抵この真昆布を用いる。
- In Osaka, people prefer this taste so much that they usually use L. japonica for making soup stock.
- この点で、キリスト教やユダヤ教における安息日にほぼ相当するといえる。
- In that sense, it is roughly equivalent to the Sabbath in Christianity or Judaism.
- その後の日本の歴史を大きく左右することになった同盟といえるのである。
- It can be said that this alliance had a decisive influence on the Japanese history later.
- 一時的にせよ夫婦仲がこじれたことがあったことは事実であるといえよう。
- One can say that the discord between Tokuhime and Nobuyasu was a historical fact even if it was temporary.
- 通常ただ「鶴屋南北」または「南北」といえば、この四代目のことをさす。
- Generally, the name of 'Nanboku TSURUYA' or 'Nanboku' refers to this fourth.
- 新興勢力の三好氏に対して旧勢力の六角氏・畠山氏が反撃にでたといえる。
- It can be said that the Rokkaku clan and the Hatakeyama clan, both old powers, started to fight back against the emerging Miyoshi clan.
- それがこの問題の理解を深めるにあたり障壁になる部分であるともいえる。
- This can also be said to pose an obstacle for a deeper understanding of the issue.
- 古来「お家芸」(おいえげい)と呼ばれていたものの現代的な表現である。
- Ie No Gei is a contemporary expression for what, from ancient times until relatively recently, was once called 'Oiegei' (the specialty of a school of the performing arts).
- 地歌・箏曲の合奏曲として発展し、地歌としても最盛期を迎えたといえる。
- These pieces developed as jiuta and sokyoku ensembles, and the golden age of jiuta arrived.
- 風呂は浮き世のケガレを洗い流す、という点においては極楽浄土といえる。
- A bath is regarded to be the Pure Land of Amitabha in terms of washing away the dirt of human existence.
- 動物についていえば鼻、または類似器官が突き出た外見に因むものが多い。
- As for animals, most references are related to those having a prominent nose or a similar organ.
- お家騒動(おいえそうどう)とは江戸時代の大名における内紛のことである。
- Oie-sodo is a term denoting family squabble within feudal lord households in the Edo Period.
- 結果的に三段撃ちが無くても、武田軍を消耗させる事は難しくないといえる。
- Consequently, Nobunaga's teppo units could have easily weakened the Takeda forces without recourse to the tactics of sandan-uchi.
- このような令外の官の成立は律令制に大きな変化をもたらしたものといえる。
- It can be said that such formation of ryoge no kan brought about a significant change in the ritsuryo system.
- が、「学問を修め、文章をよくする人」であることが文人たる所以といえる。
- However, 'being educated and good at literature' was a prerequisite for a Bunjin.
- 平たくいえばサラリーマン的な生活スタイルを身につけたということになる。
- In plain words, Bunjin came to develop a lifestyle similar to that of salaried workers today.
- 全体として建物は数寄を凝らしており、京都二条城の小型ともいえるだろう。
- The entire castle was very elegant (Suki), and it could be a smaller version of the Nijo-jo Castle in Kyoto.
- 蒙古襲来絵詞(もうこしゅうらいえことば)は、筆者不明の全2巻の絵巻物。
- 'Moko Shurai Ekotoba' is a pair of picture scrolls by an unknown author.
- 石田 重家(いしだ しげいえ)は、安土桃山時代から江戸時代前期の武将。
- Shigeie ISHIDA was a busho (Japanese military commander) from the Azuchi-Momoyama period to the early Edo period.
- 前田家は大々名であるとはいえ、徳川家の家来にならなければならなかった。
- Although the Maeda family was a great daimyo, it had no other choice but to become a vassal of the Tokugawa family.
- とはいえ、伊勢戦線では反秀吉方が寡兵であるにも関わらず、優勢であった。
- However, in the Ise battle line, anti-Hideyoshi troops were superior in spite of smaller force.
- これは京都府内の茶販売業者だけにとって非常に都合のいい基準だといえる。
- This is a very convenient standard only for tea distributors in Kyoto Prefecture.
- 青蓮院流(しょうれんいんりゅう)、御家流(おいえりゅう)とも呼ばれる。
- The school is also known as Shorenin School or Oie School.
- 自家製といえども食用に供するには衛生面でのそれなりの配慮が必要である。
- Even if it is home-made for the home consumption, some consideration needs to be given for hygienic aspects.
- 概していえば囃子が謡とともに奏される場合には謡の伴奏的な役割をはたす。
- Generally speaking, when the musicians perform with the chanting from a Noh text, it serves as musical accompaniment.
- 念仏のこのような展開は、仏陀観の展開にも呼応するものといえるであろう。
- It is possible to say that the spreading of the word Nenbutsu corresponds to the spreading of images of the Buddha.
- いずれにせよ、地車、および囃子は、織豊政権時代に完成していたといえる。
- In any case, it can be said that danjiri and hayashi were perfected during the period of Shokuho rein.
- しかし奈良時代以前に「花」といえば、むしろ梅を指すことの方が多かった。
- Before the Nara period, however, when people referred to 'flowers', they almost always meant Japanese plum.
- 天皇以下、文官の冠は纓をそのまま垂らした垂纓冠(すいえいかん)である。
- An emperor and civil officers used Court caps called suieikan, whose ei hung down to the back.
- この免許はアメリカ側に経営権がある「外国管轄方式」といえるものであった。
- This license was structured under the 'foreign jurisdiction method' where the management rights belonged to the side of America.
- これらの施策は、後に鉄道院入りした島安次郎に負うところが大きいといえる。
- Those ideas implemented were largely owed to Yasujiro Shima who later worked for the Railway Bureau.
- ただしこれは、本村(ほんそん)という地名に由来するため、例外的といえる。
- This can be regarded as 'exceptional' because it was from the toponym, '本村' (Honson).
- とはいえ戦局を揺るがすほどの敗戦ではなく、徳川軍は新たな作戦を始動した。
- However, the defeat was not serious enough to change the war situation largely, and the Tokugawa forces started taking a new strategy.
- また、現在の創作物での描写には明らかに誇大表現といえる部分も無くはない。
- Also, some descriptions about him in current fictional works are clearly exaggerated.
- いずれにせよ、彼の子孫は河内源氏諸氏の中で異端な存在であったといえよう。
- Nevertheless, Yoshitada's descendants were set apart from other Kawachi-Genji members.
- 『葉隠』で慈悲心を非常に重んじている素地はこのとき涵養されたといえよう。
- His ground of valuing compassion, which can be observed in the Hagakure, must have been cultivated during this period.
- このことから、長期にわたって狩猟具が、特に大きな変化がなかったといえる。
- These findings revealed that there were no major changes in the overall design of hunting equipment for a long period of time.
- 親友ともいえる明智光秀も同じく、正室ひとりにとどめて側室を置かなかった。
- Mitsuhide AKECHI, a close friend of his, also had only one wife and no concubines.
- 御家流 (茶道)(おいえりゅう) 安藤信友 一尾伊織の門人米津田賢に師事
- Oie School: Nobutomo ANDO, the disciple of Iori ICHIJO, who studied under Tadakata YONEKITSU
- 他の一流芸術に匹敵する庭園は、こうした心のあり方から生まれたともいえる。
- It can be said the sophisticated gardens comparable with other first class art were born from this state of mind.
- 禅堂の前庭として非常に相応しい環境の構成であり、石組みの最高峰といえる。
- His garden is a very suitable environmental composition for the front yard of a Zen hall, and it is a peak level of stone arrangement.
- 和歌を書いて贈る場合の白地の扇子も装飾あるいは次の贈答の意味だといえる。
- A white-surfaced Sensu available for writing a waka poem on to be presented as a gift can be a decoration and a gift, which will be described below:
- その意味で、もともと日本酒が持っていた昔の良さを探究しているともいえる。
- In that sense, it can be also said that teiseihakushu has been developed to seek the good old taste which sake originally had.
- 頻繁に上演されるため歌舞伎の世界では、「四の切」といえばこの場面を指す。
- Since this section is often performed, in the world of Kabuki, 'Shinokiri' indicates this scene.
- 武家王(たけいえのおおきみ、生没年不明)は、日本の飛鳥時代の人物である。
- Takeie no Okimi (year of birth and death unknown) was a person from the Asuka period, Japan.
- 具体的には、農作物の価格変動リスクを、政府から農民へ転嫁したものといえる。
- To be more precise, it can be said that the risk of price fluctuation of agricultural crops was passed on to farmers from the government.
- 奈良時代は天武系の、平安時代は桓武天皇に続く天智系の時代であったといえる。
- It can be said that the Nara period was a time of Tenmu-descendent emperors and the Heian was a time of Tenchi-descendent emperors who succeeded the line of Emperor Kanmu.
- 宮ヶ浜水泳場(みやがはますいえいじょう)は、滋賀県近江八幡市にある水泳場。
- Miyagahama Swimming Area is a swimming area located in Omihachiman City, Shiga Prefecture.
- 7月末に頼朝が勲功第一と評定されたことはその外交方針による成果だといえる。
- It could be regarded as an outcome of such a diplomatic policy that he was evaluated as the greatest deed of valor at the end of July.
- しかし彼らは依然として「武芸をもって業とする」特種な存在であったといえる。
- However, they supposedly held special existence before that 'made military art a job.'
- 徳川 家康(とくがわ いえやす)は、日本の武将・江戸幕府の初代征夷大将軍。
- Ieyasu TOKUGAWA was a busho (military commander) in Japan and the first Seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who was to subdue the barbarians') in the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- 幽居中とはいえ活発に政治活動を続けた具視はここでも浪士らにつけねらわれた。
- Although leading a retired life, Tomomi was still politically active and was therefore followed and targeted by warriors.
- 足利 家時(あしかが いえとき)は、鎌倉時代中期の鎌倉幕府の御家人である。
- Ietoki ASHIKAGA was a Gokenin (shogunal retainers) of the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) in the middle of the Kamakura period.
- ただ、藤氏長者の職掌を知り、活動範囲を学ぶには最適な史料であるといえよう。
- However, it could be the best historical material we have to understand the official duties and fields of activity of the head of the To clan.
- 長歌が作られることがなくなるにつれて、和歌といえば短歌をさすようになった。
- As choka (literally, long poems) lost popularity, tanka came to be representative of the waka form of poetry.
- 「大篳篥」と「小篳篥」の2種があり、一般には篳篥といえば「小篳篥」を指す。
- There are 'O-hichiriki' and 'Ko-hichiriki,' but the hichiriki flute usually indicates 'Ko-hichiriki.'
- また、新派劇と呼ばれる、日本の新しい演劇形式が成立したことも成果といえる。
- And the establishment of a new styling Japanese theater, called 'Shinpa-Geki' (a New-School Play), can be said to be another good result.
- 京における高度な紙の加工技術が、平安王朝のみやびた文化を支えたともいえる。
- Sophisticated processing techniques in Kyoto supported an elegant culture during the Heian dynasty.
- ある意味で、全ての料理は初めて成立した時点では、郷土料理であるともいえる。
- In a sense, all dishes can be said to be local when made for the first time.
- 日本人の食に一番密接している料理ともいえ、欠かすことの出来ない存在である。
- It can be said to be a common dish and essential food for Japanese.
- 仏教において顕教では、男女の性行為はどちらかといえば否定される向きがある。
- Exoteric Buddhism is more likely to be negative about sexual intercourse.
- これは、素の芸であることを前提とする落語の大きな特徴であるといえるだろう。
- The fact that the art itself, rather than the costume or scenery, is central to the performance is the overriding characteristic of rakugo.
- 六朝時代に芽生えた雅俗認識がより峻厳に研ぎ澄まされ、成熟したからともいえる。
- It can be said that this was partly because the recognition of elegance and secularity which had been created in the Six Dynasties Period was sharpened more severely and ripened.
- 家により多様な家紋が使われているが、しいていえば片喰(かたばみ)紋系が多い。
- Various crests were used depending on the family, but ultimately there were many Katabami (cuckooflower) crests.
- しかし執権職から引退したとはいえ、実際の政治は時頼が取り仕切っていたという。
- However, it is said that Tokiyori in fact managed politics after his retirement from the regency.
- この時に頼朝は「未だ口外せざるといえも、偏に汝を恃むに依って話す」と述べた。
- At that time, Yoritomo said to Moritsuna, 'Although I don't tell it to anyone yet, I tell my plan to you because I absolutely trust you.'
- すくなくとも、このふたつの物語を同一作者と認定するだけの根拠はないといえる。
- At least, there is no evidence to attribute these two tales to the same author.
- そのため、花街ではいかに質の高い芸舞妓を保持するかが今後の問題といえそうだ。
- Therefore, it is future task how to keep highly qualified Maiko and geisha in the red-light districts.
- 現代日本社会において和の風雅を感じさせてくれる場所として貴重な存在といえる。
- Ryokan are valuable because they provide an element of Japanese artistic elegance in modern Japanese society.
- その後張維の影響を強く受けて、朝鮮陽明学の代表ともいえる鄭斉斗(霞谷)が出た。
- Then, Cheng Chatoo (Hagok), who can be said to have been a leading person of Korean Yomeigaku, appeared under the strong influence of Jang Yu.
- 六角氏の家臣の多くは国人領主であり、被官化されていたとはいえ独立性が高かった。
- Most of Vassals of Rokkaku clan were such local samurai loads that they were highly independent although they were retained.
- 直方は平貞盛流の嫡流ともいえる立場であり、同じ貞盛流の常陸平氏と連携していた。
- Naokata was in the position of a direct descendant of Taira no Sadamori and had cooperated with Hitachi-Heishi (Taira clan) which were also descendants of Taira no Sadamori.
- 彼らを掌握していたからこそ政子は調停者として振る舞うことが出来たともいえよう。
- As Masako completely controlled them, she could act as an arbitrator.
- 改易(かいえき)とは、律令制度では現職者の任を解き新任者を補任することをいう。
- In the Ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code), the term kaieki referred to removing someone from their current post and appointing someone new to that position.
- 二十五三昧会(にじゅうござんまいえ)とは、平安時代に結成された念仏結社である。
- Nijugozanmaie was a Nenbutsu (Buddhist invocation) association established in the Heian Period.
- あるいは清朝内の徹底抗戦派と和平派の綱引きの間に公使館は置かれていたといえる。
- It could be said that envoys were placed in the middle of a tug-of-war between the resistance and peace parties of the Qing dynasty.
- 「良雄人となり和易樸矜飾を喜ばず、国老に任ずといえども事に於いて預ること鮮し。
- Yoshio was quiet and modest didn't have much of an attitude for a Karo (chief retainer).'
- 致仕した後、私塾西崦精舎(せいえんせいしゃ)を開いて子弟の教育にあたっている。
- After he retired from the post, he founded his private school Seienseisha to be engaged in the younger people's education.
- 幣原家は古在家及び三菱の創業者一族・岩崎家と閨閥によって結ばれているといえる。
- It can be said that the SHIDEHARA family had kinship ties with both the IWASAKI family--the founders of Mitsubishi--and the KOZAI family.
- また福澤を除けば、明治以後は官吏として維新政府に仕えていたことも特徴といえる。
- In addition, except Fukuzawa, they were characterized by the fact that they worked for the government of restoration as government officials after the Meiji period.
- 言えることといえば、日記形式ではあっても絶対に日記ではないというぐらいである。
- It can be said that even though the book takes the style of diary, it is not a diary at all.
- そのため、それ以後の俳句は、必ずしも正風を継承しているとはいえなくなっている。
- Consequently haiku in the later ages cannot necessarily be said to have succeeded Shofu.
- 彼は平氏政権の後期(崩壊期)にその位置につき、劣勢の挽回を図った武将といえる。
- He held the position during the latter period of the Taira clan government (the period of breakdown), so it can be said that he was a busho who recovered the Taira clan from a position of inferiority.
- 現代で言えばインフラストラクチャーを大工が作りイベントを鳶職が行ったといえる。
- It can be described in modern language that infrastructure was created by carpenters and events were conducted by tobishoku.
- ただし、一般的に目安箱といえば江戸時代に徳川吉宗が設置したものを指すことが多い。
- However, generally speaking, meyasubako means the system established by Yoshimune TOKUGAWA in the Edo period.
- このような点については藤原京以降の「...京」と呼ばれるものとは対照的といえる。
- In this regard, it is not like other places with names ending with 'kyo' established in and after Fujiwara-kyo.
- それは富国強兵という目標を推進するとともに、差別の再生産を準備していたといえる。
- It can be said that this played the role of reproducing discrimination while moving toward the goals of fortifying the country.
- これは乗全、忠固の罷免に対して、直弼を筆頭とする溜間諸侯が一矢報いた形といえる。
- It is said that the lords of the Tamarinoma, led by Naosuke, retaliated against the dismissal of Tadakata and Noriyasu to some extent.
- いずれにせよ、日本の妖怪画は彼の登場を以って一応の完成を遂げたといえるであろう。
- It is possible to say that Sekien was the one that perfected Japanese specter art.
- 家木将監(いえきしょうげん、生没年不詳)は新選組の前身、壬生浪士組の隊士である。
- Shogen IEKI (years of birth and death unknown) was a member of the Miburoshigumi (Mibu masterless warriors group) which was the forerunner of the Shinsengumi (literally, the newly selected corps, referring to a special police force for the Tokugawa regime).
- また、このような状況ながら前述の様に道楽ともいえる茶に傾倒したのも軽率であった。
- Under these circumstances, it was thoughtless that he would devote himself to tea ceremonies which could only have been for pleasure, as mentioned above.
- 結果として大阪会議以前の大久保の独裁体制が、より強化された形で復活したといえる。
- As a result, Okubo's former despotic system was revived in a more powerful form.
- したがって、天の川が見える確率という点では、旧暦の七夕の方がかなり高いといえる。
- Therefore, as far as the odds of being able to see the Milky Way is concerned, they are higher on July 7 of the old calendar.
- 喫茶店で客へのサービスとして使用するにせよ、保存性の高さは重要な要素といえよう。
- If konpeito is used as one of the free items for customers at coffee shops, having a long shelf life is an important factor.
- ネギやからしを加えると納豆のアンモニア臭を抑える効果があり、優れた薬味といえる。
- Leek and mustard are considered as excellent condiments for natto because they can reduce its ammonium smell.
- その後、曲のタイトルや歌詞の意味にあわせた、一種の寸劇といえる画像が追加された。
- Later, images like a skit adapted to the meanings of the title or the lyric of the song were added.
- 弘法大師信仰(大師信仰)を説いているのが真言宗の各派にいえる特徴の一つでもある。
- One of the characteristics of the Shingon sects is the preaching of faith in Kobo-daishi (faith in Daishi).
- 装飾が質素なことは、原始的な段階の日本建築の様式を固定化した結果であるといえる。
- Simplicity in decoration can be interpreted as a result of shrines preserving the styles of ancient Japanese architecture.
- また、現在の日本人の日常生活からは、わび・寂びはむしろ遠のきつつあるともいえる。
- Also, wabi and sabi are becoming rather remote from the present daily life of Japanese people.
- 「磔」は磔刑といえば「はりつけ」のことだが、「引き裂いて内臓を開く」意味もある。
- 磔' (taku) means 'crucifixion', but also means 'tear up and open internal organs'.
- この論文はそのタイトルのため最も注目を集め、民法典論争の象徴ともいえる論文である。
- This thesis is the one that attracted the most attention because of the title, and may be said to symbolize the disputes over the Civil Code.
- このようなことが最上徳内や間宮林蔵などの農村出身者の活躍に一枚買っているといえる。
- These contributed to the achievements of Tokunai MOGAMI and Rinzo MAMIYA, who were from rural communities.
- 篠川公方や斯波氏陸奥守家も滅ぼされるなど、東北地方といえど、平穏無事ではなかった。
- Even the Tohoku Region could not be uneventful as seen by the fact that Sasagawa-kubo and the Shiba clan (governor of Mutsu Province) were subverted.
- ただ、それ以外のどの説も部分的に正しいといえるため、強いて1つに定める理由もない。
- There is no reason to choose only this theory, of course, as different theories are otherwise reliable.
- 昔ながらの酒屋といえば日本酒の歴史昭和時代中期でも「三河屋」という屋号で知られる。
- As the name of traditional sakaya, 'Mikawaya' has been well known even in the Showa and later periods.
- 柴田 勝家(しばた かついえ)は、戦国時代 (日本)から安土桃山時代の武将・大名。
- Katsuie SHIBATA was a busho (Japanese military commander) and daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) who lived from the Sengoku period (period of warring states) (Japan) to the Azuchi-Momoyama period.
- 源 義家(みなもと の よしいえ)は、平安時代後期の武将で、河内源氏の源頼信の孫。
- MINAMOTO no Yoshiie was a busho (Japanese military commander) in the Heian period and the grandson of MINAMOTO no Yorinobu of the Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan).
- これらのことを考えれば、戦わずして逃げたことは最善とはいえなくても許容範囲である。
- Considering these points, his escape without fighting was not the best but understandable.
- いわばチンギス・ハーンは源義経と同じ人物だとする俗説と軌を一にしているといえよう。
- In other words, this could be said to be on a par with the popular folklore of identifying Genghis Khan with MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune.
- (室内空間に方向性を与えるという点では、洋間のマントルピースに相当するともいえる)
- (In the sense that the tokonoma gives direction to the indoor space, the tokonoma can be said to be equivalent to the mantelpiece of a Western-style room.)
- 同時に寺社などとの取り交わしによって、縁起物を売る時は神の依り代になるともいえる。
- At the same time, through their dealings with temples and shrines, they were considered to be yorishiro (objects representative of a divine spirit) when selling lucky charms.
- 彫像も、力強い肉体を持った物へと代わっていった(東大寺伽藍等はその代表といえる)。
- Graven images were also transformed to those having a strong body (most notable is considered to be the Todai-ji Temple, Buddhist temple).
- とはいえ、現在までに全羅南道に11基、全羅北道に2基の前方後円墳が確認されている。
- On the other hand, there are eleven and two keyhole-shaped tumuli that have been confirmed to date in South Chŏlla and North Chŏlla, respectively.
- これに対し、権現造では後方1棟のみが本殿で、拝殿・石の間・本殿の複合社殿といえる。
- On the other hand, in the gongen-zukuri style, only the rear building is the main hall, and it can be said that the haiden, ishinoma and honden constitute a form of composite shrine building.
- 生ずるは独り、死するも独り、共に住するといえど独り、さすれば、共にはつるなき故なり
- We are born alone, die alone, and we are still alone even if we live together, that is the reason why people do not die together.
- これが二箇相承そのものとはいえないが、なんらかの相承書があったとみることができる。
- This is not Nika Sojo itself, but it can be seen that there was some kind of a document of entrustment.
- 一般的に「絵本太功記」といえば暗黙に10段目を指すほど、この段は非常に有名である。
- Generally speaking of 'Ehon Taikoki,' the 10th act represents 'Ehon Taikoki' because this act is such famous.
- 現代は皇族といえども、普段は洋装で装束を身に着ける機会は大きな儀式に限られている。
- In the modern age, even Imperial family wear Western clothes and they wear traditional costume only at large-scale ceremonies.
- 丑の刻参りもこのように、妖怪を呼び出し、祟るために使役する点においては同じといえる。
- Ushi no koku mairi and Onmyodo were much the same in that they would summon specter and have them place a curse.
- その目的・内実からいえば「蝦夷徳川将軍家遺臣武士団領」と呼ぶべきであるとの説もある。
- There is also another theory that states that it should be called 'the territory of a group of surviving retainers of the Ezo Tokugawa Shogun Family', considering their purpose and the circumstances.
- が、それでも押板があった程度だ、ともいえ、大きな問題ではないという考え方もありえる。
- However, it could be said that there was just oshiita and it might not be a big problem.
- 総じて、韓国では1950年代以降、中国では2000年代以降に増加傾向にあるといえる。
- On the whole, it can be said that the occurrence frequency has been in an increasing trend since 1950s in South Korea and entering the 21st century in China.
- ただし、こうした明治以降の歴史観は儒教観念に基づく武士の見地を反映したものといえる。
- This kind of historical view after the Meiji period may have reflected the opinion of samurai who were based on Confucianism.
- 中井敬所は四世浜村蔵六や益田遇所に師事し、高い学識を身につけてこの派の代表といえる。
- Keisho NAKAI, who gained a high level of knowledge from Zoroku HAMAMURA IV and Gusho MASUDA, was the one most representative of this school.
- 「諌めの趣もっともといえども、源氏の正統この時に縮まり、子孫はこれを継ぐべからず。」
- Your remonstration is quite natural, but the orthodoxy of the Minamoto clan is dwindling at this moment, and my descendants could not succeed this position.'
- 彼のような人物が現れて開国を行なわなければ、日本の歴史は大きく変わっていたといえる。
- Had he not been there to open the country, the history of Japan would have certainly been very different.
- 作曲者個人の生の心情を直接的に表すということも、ある意味近代的といえるかもしれない。
- In a way, it could be said to be a modern direct expression of how the composer himself really felt.
- 各地の知識人層を、自由民権問題を通じて結びつかせ、同じ問題意識を共有させたといえる。
- It can be said that it made intellectuals in various places tied through the issue of the Freedom and People's Rights Movement and conscious of the same problem in common.
- 沖縄歌謡などに枕詞の源流を求める古橋信孝の研究などはその代表的なものであるといえる。
- It can be said that Nobuyoshi FURUHASHI's study in which the origin of makurakotoba is sought in Okinawan songs is the typical one.
- 現在の中国茶(茶芸)の「茶巾をたたむ」所作は、日本の茶道の影響の表れであるといえる。
- The current 'folding chakin' conduct in Chinese tea showed the influence from Japanese sado.
- 大吟醸酒は最高の酒米を極限まで磨き、蔵人の力を結集して醸した日本酒の最高峰といえる。
- We can say that daiginjoshu is the top product among sake brewed by polishing sakamai of the best quality to the ultimate level and combining capabilities of the workers in the sake brewery.
- 吉野家などの牛丼チェーンが関西に進出するまでは、牛肉の丼といえば「他人丼」であった。
- Donburi with beef meant 'tanin-don' until Gyu-don (donburimono with cooked beef on cooked rice) chains such as Yoshinoya penetrated into the Kansai region.
- 台湾と韓国には多少そのような文化・意識があるとはいえ、日本ほどには確立されていない。
- Although there are cultures and senses similar to Japan in Taiwan and South Korea, they have not taken root as much as those in Japan.
- 「十劫正覚のはじめより、我等が往生を定めたまえる弥陀の御恩を忘れぬが信心ぞといえり。
- 'Not forgetting the kindness of Mida, who decided that we could go to Heaven long time ago, when achieving enlightenment is what faith is about.
- それらの姿がはたしてどの程度その実態に忠実に描いているかについてはなんともいえない。
- It is unclear how faithfully these paintings depict the actual situation of that time.
- とはいえ、斬新な殺陣(重要なものは三箇所ほどしかない)の表現も見逃せない魅力である。
- However, its innovative swordfight scenes (there are only around three important swordfight scenes in the movie) express a charm which should not be missed.
- すなわち落語のもっとも基礎的構成要素は、これらの台本を含めた「言葉」であるといえる。
- For this reason the most basic component of rakugo can be said to be the spoken words, rather than any physical element.
- 「髪結いの亭主」といえば高給取りの女房のおかげで楽な暮らしをする男の代名詞であった。
- 'A husband of Kamiyui' was a synonym of a man who was well-off thanks to his well-paid wife.
- なお、現在の中国でマントウといえば、なかに餡も具も入っていない一種の蒸しパンである。
- In China, present mantou refers to a kind of steamed breads without bean paste or filling in it.
- 日光東照宮の「眠り猫」(伝・左甚五郎作)は、日本猫の姿をよくあらわす好例といえよう。
- A wooden prayer board of 'Sleeping Cat' (attributed: carved by Jingoro HIDARI) of Nikko Tosho-gu Shrine is a good example to show what Japanese cats were like.
- 昇殿許可の無い地下人でも、幅の狭い細纓(さいえい)を同じく内側に巻き上げて着用した。
- Jigejin, those who were not allowed to access to the Court, also wore Court caps with saiei (narrow ei) rolled up inward.
- しかし全く小判流出防止に効果を果たすものではなく、むしろ流出を促進させたものといえる。
- But these coins did not prevent but rather accelerated the outflow of koban to foreign countries.
- 自らの意思を封じ込め調整役に回らざるを得ない立場が、彼の温厚な性格を形成したといえる。
- He had to contain himself and served as a coordinator, and this probably contributed to the formation of his mild and quiet personality.
- 道長はこの法成寺に住んだが多くの子供たちに先立たれ、病気がちで安らかとはいえなかった。
- Michinaga lived in this Hojo-ji Temple, but many of his children died before him, and because he was sickly it can be said that he did not live peacefully.
- この事件での彼の行動は彼の生涯にわたる世界観、政治観を端的にあらわしているともいえる。
- Interestingly, the way he conducted himself throughout this affair plainly indicates his lifelong world view and political view.
- 有季絶対派は「季語・季題があればいい」として、かえって緊張感を欠いているともいえよう。
- However, it is the complacency of those who believe in the absolute inclusion of the kigo or the kidai that detracts from the potency of the poems.
- 以下は、全国にあまねく広がっているとはいえないがある程度の地域では一般的な風習である。
- The following are not necessarily practiced nationwide, but are common customs in certain regions.
- そういった面から鑑みると、当時夏の時期に鰻を食べたのは理に適った習慣であるともいえる。
- Considering this, the old custom of eating eel in summer can be said to make sense.
- 現在は、「御家流」(おいえりゅう)と「志野流」(しのりゅう)が二つが主流となっている。
- At present, two schools, 'the Oie-ryu school' and the Shino-ryu school,' are considered mainstream.
- 全国大会が行われているにもかかわらずルールに統一性が欠けているのは大きな問題といえる。
- It is the serious issue that the rule lacks a standard even though national tournaments are held.
- ほとんどの老舗の鳶職は神社の氏子であり神託を受ける者として神の依り代であるともいえる。
- It is likely that most well-established tobishoku are shrine parishioners, as well as yorishiro (person who is capable of attracting kami [the spirits] who receive the oracle).
- このうち特に重要なのは言葉と仕草であり、これが落語という芸の根幹を成しているといえる。
- Words and gestures are the most significant, and they can be said to be the essence of the rakugo performance.
- 朝鮮側の雇用が前提とはいえ、日本の商船が開港地以外での沿岸貿易が許される余地があること。
- Although the employment of Korean people was a prerequisite condition, it was possible for the Japanese merchant ships to exercise coastal trade at places other than the cities where ports were opened.
- この「撤退すべき」という意見は、圧倒的兵力差と落とせない長篠城を考えれば、当然といえる。
- Considering the fact that the Takeda force was vastly outnumbered by the enemy force and that Nagashino Castle was indestructible, their advice 'to withdraw' was more than reasonable.
- これが幕末の開国以後日本が急速に自主的な近代化を達成しえた基盤のひとつになったといえる。
- This became the basis of Japan's rapid and independent attainment of modernization after the Bakufu opened the country during the end of Edo period.
- このような属性の付与をもって今日我々がイメージする一般的な「文人」像が成立したといえる。
- It can be said that such added characteristics made up the common image the word 'Bunjin' conjures up today.
- 時代的にいえば、武士と言える存在は平安時代中期の10世紀(国風文化の成立期)に登場する。
- In terms of the eras, those who are said to have been bushi appeared during the formative period of the Kokufu Bunka (Japan's original national culture) in the middle of the Heian period of the tenth century.
- 戦国大名たちはこのような人間が出ないように工夫することも大名としての能力であるといえる。
- It can be said that the capability of Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period) was measured by their ability to prevent such people from fleeing.
- とはいえ、高野攻め自体については各種史料に残る断片的な情報から、全くの虚構とは言えない。
- However, the attack against Koyasan itself can not be called fiction, judging from fragmented information which remain in various historical materials.
- その誤用を看過したことは、階級社会の軍隊でも、部下の鴎外に責任がまったく無いといえない。
- Even taking account of the strict class system of the Army, it can't be said that Ogai had no responsibility at all for his superior officer's actions.
- 薩摩閥の重鎮とはいえ、醜聞と疑獄事件で晩年は浮いた存在となり、同郷の人々は離れていった。
- Although he was the central figure in the Satsuma domain clique, the scandal and bribery case isolated him in his later years and the people from the same domain left him.
- 徳川名君名臣言行録では、「吾、幼年なりといえども、先業を承け継ぎ、大位に居れり」とある。
- There is a passage in the 'Memoirs of Tokugawa rulers and retainers' stating, 'Although I am young, I have succeeded to the achievements of my predecessors and have acquired this grand position.'
- 金銀藍絵松樹文蓋物(きんぎんあいえ・しょうじゅもん・ふたもの)(出光美術館、重要文化財)
- Kinginai-e Shojumon Futamono (Covered ceramic container with pine tree illustration in gold, silver and indigo blue) (Idemitsu Museum of Art: important cultural property)
- 当時の樺戸集治監には官舎がなかった為月形も典獄といえども囚人と同じ場所で起居したという。
- At the time, as there was no official residence in Kabato Shujikan, TSUKIGATA slept in the same place as prisoners although he was Tengoku.
- とはいえ、実質的に画家として活動した期間が約5年足らずであるため絶対的な作品数は少ない。
- However, his life as a painter lasted for only under five years, so the actual number of his works is small.
- 異文化の概念を紹介するに当たって、もっとも苦心を要するのが自文化とのすり合わせといえる。
- In introducing concepts in foreign culture, the largest difficultly exists in harmonization between such culture and culture of the own country.
- 特徴としてまず気づくのが、『万国公法』は時に意訳ともいえる大胆な訳となっている点である。
- The first characteristics to be noticed is that 'Bankoku Koho' is bold translation of which certain parts can be called free translation.
- モンゴルの人々にとっても『万国公法』は必要欠くべからざる書だったといえる(橘2006)。
- It can be said that 'Bankoku Koho' was necessary for people in Mongolia as well (Tachibana 2006).
- したがってフランスの進出著しく、地方官僚とフランス人との接触は頻繁であった地域といえる。
- Therefore France stepped up its presence and local officials often contacted with people from France.
- 源氏の生涯を通じて彼の女性関係の根源に深く関わり続けた、永遠の恋人といえる存在であった。
- Throughout Genji's life, Fujitsubo was his eternal love who continued to deeply influence the basis of his relationships with women.
- よって日本人論が特殊であるという考えそのものが他国でも見られる自民族論の典型ともいえる。
- Therefore it can be said that the idea itself that the Nihonjin-ron discourses are special is typical in the discourses on own ethnic group in other countries.
- とはいえ,読み本系の方が語り本系に比べて事実を正確に伝えているかどうかは別の問題である。
- However, it is another question whether the yomihon group describes the facts precisely when compared with the kataribon group.
- 逆に金の無心をする相手ならば、かなり大石に親身に接していた人物だったであろうともいえる。
- On the contrary, if OISHI could beg Nagayuki for money, Nagayuki must have been quite close to OISHI.
- この時代には一間四方(二畳)を一間といい、六間(むま)といえば畳十二畳の部屋を意味した。
- In this age the 1.8 m square room (tatami mat of two jo) was called hitoma (literally meaning one room), and muma (literally meaning six rooms) meant a twelve-jo room.
- その集大成ともいえるのが、隠居所として復興した京都建仁寺正伝院に設けた茶室、如庵である。
- Joan, the teahouse, located at Kyoto's Kennin-ji Shoden-in Temple, rebuilt as a retreat for his golden years, is a landmark.
- これは神道・大本との関係など、精神世界への志向性が強かった盛平自身の性格の反映といえる。
- This reflects the personality of Morihei, who was involved in Shinto, Oomoto, etc., and aspired to the spiritual world.
- 清吉は知らぬこととはいえ自分がおさよの弟を殺した事実を知り、涙ながらにおさよに告白する。
- Seikichi learns that he killed Osayo's younger brother without knowing that, and confesses the fact to her.
- 上方をはじめ全国でこれに倣ってしまったため、全国ですし店といえば江戸前ずし一色となった。
- Because Kamigata (Kyoto and Osaka area) and other areas nationwide followed suit, Edomae-zushi became dominant across the country.
- 大映株式会社(だいえいかぶしきがいしゃ)は、1942年から2002年まで存在した映画会社。
- Daiei Motion Picture Company refers to a film company that operated from 1942 to 2002.
- 」(意訳)等と、大政奉還から約4年半後の世相を考えれば、かなり先進的な内容だったといえる。
- The way of thinking that he had presented was very advanced at the time when the Taisei Hokan, a transfer of power back to the Imperial family, was achieved only four years back.
- その意味で、地租改正は日本における資本主義体制の確立を基礎づける重要な一歩であるといえる。
- In this sense, it can be said that land-tax reform is the first important step in establishing the foundation of capitalism system in Japan.
- 即ち、鶴岡八幡宮から由比ガ浜に向かう都市計画上の中心線としての若宮大路がその代表といえる。
- In other words, a typical example of city planning is the Wakamiya-oji Street extending from Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gu Shrine to Yuigahama as the central line of the city.
- 久御山町内の工業事業所は黒煙を吐き続けるようなものがなく、環境負荷は比較的小さいといえる。
- Since Kumiyama-cho has no industrial establishment that emits black smoke, its environmental burden is comparatively small.
- とはいえ、民間主体の社倉の存在も決して少なくなく、昭和時代まで存在が確認できるものもある。
- Nonetheless, there were more than a few shaso warehouses under the initiative of the private sector, and it was confirmed that some shaso warehouses survived until the Showa Era.
- 秀吉の隆景に対する信任は厚く、外様であり陪臣でもある隆景に異例ともいえる恩賞を与えている。
- Takakage enjoyed the deep confidence of Hideyoshi, who granted an unprecedented Onsho (reward grants) to Takakage, who was a tozama (outsider) and baishin (indirect vassal).
- この清玉の勧進はその、網野の説く、「無縁」の原理の薄れていった時代を象徴しているといえる。
- The solicitation by Seigyoku represents the feature of the times, which is pointed out by Amino, that the philosophy of 'muen' (to break off the relationship with the outside world) diminished.
- このような宗教的使命感こそが翻訳動機の核であったといえる(張嘉寧1991、佐藤1996)。
- It can be said that such religious sense of responsibility was the core of motivation for the translating work (張嘉寧 1991, Sato 1996).
- 国境線画定という問題の深化とともに、近代国際法が受容されていったといえる(秋月2002)。
- As the problem regarding the borders became more serious, the acceptance of modern international law was promoted (Akizuki 2002).
- それよりも『契丹古伝』や『桓檀古記』とならぶべき超古代文書といえば『南淵書』があげられる。
- 'Nanensho' would be a chokodai monjo comparable to 'Kittan Koden' and 'Kandan Koki.'
- その政治活動により、一時的とはいえ将軍権威が復活したことにおいて、その努力は評価に値する。
- His achievement of restoring the authority of the shogun, although temporary, is worth appreciating.
- 上の例と合わせて、『陸奥話記』よりも、『今昔』は頼義・義家親子への共感にとぼしいといえる。
- From the examples given above, it can be said that 'Konjaku' shows less sympathy to the father and son Yoriyoshi and Yoshiie than 'Mutsuwa-ki' does.
- 江戸からかみのデザインは、捺染に適した小粋な江戸小紋が多用されたのが特徴のひとつといえる。
- One of the characteristics of Edo karakami design can be said that the chic Edo-komon (fine patterns utilized in Edo) which is suitable for printing, is often used.
- 『怒りながら大根をおろすと辛くなる』という昔ながらの伝承は、的を射ているといえるであろう。
- The traditional saying that 'Daikon oroshi becomes more pungent if grated while angry.' is probably true.
- わかりやすくいえば、この世のすべてのものが具わっている10の種類の存在の仕方、方法をいう。
- Put simply, it means the ten ways of existence which are shared by all living beings.
- また、(機能美までに至らない)実用性の重視、ブランドへの無批判な信仰と依存も野暮といえる。
- Also, an emphasis on practicality (which stops short of functional beauty), together with uncritical faith in and dependence on brand can be considered yabo.
- この点では明治維新のときの王政復古 (日本)よりもより純粋な意味での王政復古であるといえる。
- This restoration was more genuine than the Meiji Restoration in the sense of the word 'Oseifukko' (restoration of imperial rule).
- 西日本では俗称「小粒」といえば豆板銀を指したが、東日本ではこのような角型の小額金貨を指した。
- In western Japan, a familiar name 'kotsubu' referred to mameitagin (name of a small round-type of silver coin in the Edo period), but in eastern Japan it referred to small rectangular gold coin.
- しかしそれらの整備・PRは十分とは言えず、他の隠れた観光資源も含めてこれからの課題といえる。
- However, the inadequate maintenance and PR of sightseeing spots and events mentioned above, as well as other latent tourism resources, will become issues which need to be dealt with in the future.
- 京阪沿線・近鉄沿線・地下鉄沿線では商店街や大型店が存在し、おおむね活況を呈しているといえる。
- In regions along the Keihan Line, Kintetsu Line, and subway, streets are lined with stores and large retailers which create a lively atmosphere.
- ために空海は、本書に関しては飽くまで「著者」ではなく、編集人の位置に止まっているといえよう。
- That is why Kukai cannot be the 'author' of this literature, but served in the position of editor.
- 福田豊彦は「私営田領主」を「一口でいえば、広い土地を自分で直接経営する大土地所有者」とする。
- Toyohiko FUKUDA stated that a 'lord of shieiden' is 'the huge estate owner that directly managed a large parcel land, summarized in just a few words.'
- 群右衛門については資料が少なく、史実の元禄赤穂事件上ではあまり目立たない人物であるといえる。
- Since there are few documents on Gunemon, it can be said that he was in shade in the real Genroku Ako Incident.
- 家系のみを見れば当代の天皇よりも嫡流といえたが、祖父・父が権力争いに負けたため臣籍に下った。
- In terms of his lineage, it appears he should have had a better claim to the throne than the Emperor but he had been made a civilian after his father and grandfather had lost power struggles.
- 藤原 資家(ふじわら の すけいえ、生没年不詳)は、平安時代の人物で、藤原北家道長流の一族。
- FUJIWARA no Sukeie (year of birth and death unknown) was a person who lived in the Heian period and he belonged to the family of Michinaga's line of the Northern branch of the Fujiwara clan.
- 中世の勧進といえば、遍歴性が高く、社会活動を伴って、庶民の信仰に頼るもの、という印象が強い。
- Solicitation in the medieval period gives the strong impression that it depended on religious devotion of the common people and fund raisers wandering from place to place as social activities.
- 1551年5月5日に守護代で、実質的に河内の国主といえた器量人の守護代遊佐長教が暗殺された。
- On May 5, 1551, Naganori YUSA, who was resourceful shugodai considered as an actual landed daimyo of Kawachi, was assassinated.
- 設計の自由度は飛躍的に増し、小間の空間は無限ともいえるバリエーションを獲得することとなった。
- He made rapid changes in freedom of teahouse design, and the possible variations became infinite.
- このような考察は源氏物語の注釈書の始まりといえる「奥入」の中においてすでに見ることができる。
- Such consideration is already seen in the 'Okuiri,' which is said to be the first commentary on the Tale of Genji.
- このような様式としてのわび茶は、唐物を尊ぶ既成の価値観への反抗を母体として発生したといえる。
- Wabicha was thought to evolve from rejecting an existing set of values appreciating the karamono.
- 「名塩の地の数百戸の家ゝは、農・工・商家といえども 弥右衛門の恩恵を受けていない者はない。」
- 'There is no one who has not benefited from Yaemon irrespective of farming, industrial, or merchant families in the hundreds of houses in Najio.'
- 旅においての不便や苦労を、互いに助け合うという精神の発露から、この様な組織が出来たといえる。
- These organizations formed from the idea of sharing and helping people who face hardship during travels.
- 醍醐寺三宝院庭園(だいごじさんぽういんていえん)は、京都府京都市伏見区にある日本庭園である。
- Sanboin Garden of Daigo-ji Temple is a Japanese style garden located in Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 回遊式庭園(かいゆうしきていえん)は、日本庭園の形式のひとつで、園内を回遊して鑑賞する庭園。
- The Kaiyu style garden is a Japanese garden where circulating walking paths are provided for enjoying views of the garden.
- また神社に社殿が登場した時代は仏教建築全盛の時代であり、その影響を受けなかったとはいえない。
- Furthermore, the time pavillion construction emerged saw a culmination of Buddhism architecture, suggesting that it is likely that pavillion construction may have been affected by Buddhist architectural styles.
- この時期こそ、じつは日本が近代醸造学の基礎を確立しようと奮闘していた時期でもあったといえる。
- In fact, it was during that period that Japan was struggling to form foundations for modern zymurgy.
- 同じく源氏といえども、公卿を輩出した公家源氏と武家の棟梁として活躍した武家源氏に分けられる。
- The Minamoto clan can be divided into the kuge Genji that gave rise to the kugyo (court nobles), and the samurai Genji whose members were successful leader samurai families.
- 儒家のバイブルといえる『論語』に「天下道有れば即ち見(あら)われ、道無ければ即ち隠る」とある。
- In 'the Analects of Confucius' which is said to be a bible of Confucianists, there is a description that 'If there is a way in the world, you should appear, and if there is no way, you should become a recluse'
- 彼らは「江戸大坂といえども皆田舎である、すむに都に如くはなし(及ぶものはない)」と考えている。
- They believed that 'people of other areas--be it Edo or Osaka--are rural people and there is nowhere else to live but in the capital city.'
- なお、江戸時代における城下町の多くは、藩庁が置かれていたため、広義では陣屋町の一種ともいえる。
- Since many of Jokamachi (towns below the castle) in the Edo period had hancho (feudal lord's office) therein, those Jokamachi can be categorized as a kind of Jinyamachi in a wide sense.
- その才能は同時代の大歌人藤原公任にも賞賛され、正に男女を問わず一、二を争う王朝歌人といえよう。
- Her talent was praised even by her contemporary, the great poet FUJIWARA no Kinto, and she was truly one of the best court poets of either gender.
- これらも、歌舞伎本来の姿と新しい時代にふさわしい歌舞伎の姿を同時に模索する活動といえるだろう。
- We could say these activities also pursued the original style of Kabuki & its modern innovation at the same time.
- 浄土式庭園(じょうどしきていえん)とは、平安時代から鎌倉時代かけて築造された庭園の形式である。
- Jodo style gardens were built from the Heian period to the Kamakura period.
- 職員は、職務上知ることのできた秘密を漏らしてはならない。その職を退いた後といえども同様とする。
- An official shall not divulge any secret which may have come to his/her knowledge in the course of his/her duties. This shall also be applied after he/she has left his/her position.
- したがって厳密にいえば、この経文には涅槃経が宝であり、法華経が命であるなどとは書かれていない。
- Therefore, strictly speaking, this sutra does not describe that Nehan-gyo is a treasure and Hoke-kyo is a life.
- これは当時考えられる最高の配役といえるもので、バワーズは非常に肥えた眼を持っていたことになる。
- This can be considered as the best casting at the time, and this indicates that Bowers had a good eye for kabuki.
- 親子関係において「嫡子」のようなものは、父親の本拠地の相続した後継者に対してあったともいえる。
- It can also be said that in terms of parent-and-child relationship, a concept such as 'the heir' existed for a successor who inherited his father's home ground.
- なお、扇面古写経もまた異色の書跡資料といえるが、そこでは和様の使い手数名の筆跡が確認されている。
- Senmen Koshakyo (ancient sutra manuscripts on a fan) can be regarded as a unique handwriting reference, and a few handwritings of craftsman using Japanese patterns have been confirmed.
- 德川 家光(とくがわ いえみつ)は江戸幕府の第三代征夷大将軍(在職1623年 - 1651年)。
- Iemitsu TOKUGAWA was the third Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') from 1623 to 1651 of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).
- しかしながら、これは松平家全体にもいえることでありまた一揆を起こされたことも考慮する必要がある。
- However, this can be said for the entire Matsudaira family, and it must also be taken into account that an uprising was caused for him.
- また関晃は狩谷鍵斎、津田左右吉などの偽作説について、「その根拠はあまり有力とはいえない」とする。
- Akira SEKI opposed those including Kensai KARIYA and Sokichi TSUDA who asserted that Jushichijo Kenpo was a forgery as 'their theories have poor evidence.'
- 左内の有名なところといえば、富貴を願って倹約を尊び、暇なときには部屋に金貨を敷き詰め、楽しんだ。
- Sanai is known for respecting thrift, desiring riches and honor, as well as for his way of killing time, which is to set gold coins on the floor in the room.
- 新古今調といえば、唯美的・情調的・幻想的・絵画的・韻律的・象徴的・技巧的などの特徴が挙げられる。
- The characteristics of Shinkokincho (tone poems seen in 'New Collection of Ancient and Modern Poetry') are as follows: aesthetic, emotional, fantastic, pictorial, cadenced, symbolic and artificial.
- 道長に対して、自らの才能を誇示した「三舟の才」のエピソードは、芸術面での意地を見せたともいえる。
- In the episode of 'The Talent of Three Boats' where he made a show of his talents, one can see how he stood up to Michinaga in the field of art.
- 今日、五時の教判といえば、天台宗のものが有名だが、もともとは慧観の提唱した五時がその始めである。
- As far as the Fivefold Periods Kyohan is concerned, that of the Tendai sect is famous today but its origin is the Fivefold Periods as exhorted by Ekan.
- 人より後であろうが先であろうが、草木の根元に雫が滴るよりも、葉先の露が散るよりも多いといえます。
- Either way, it happens more often than dew dripping on the roots of vegetation and dissipating of dew on leaves.
- ただし、当時の大陸産の蒙古馬などもほぼ同程度の大きさであり、決して体格に問題があったとはいえない。
- Yet it was not unusual as the Mongolian horse from the Asian continent of the time was about the same size.
- また名だたる書家のほとんどが文人であるともいえる(王羲之、初唐の三大家、顔真卿、宋の四大家など)。
- In addition, most of the famous calligraphers were Bunjin (WANG Xizhi, the three experts in the Shoto period, YAN Zhenqing, the four experts in Sung, and so on).
- どちらも権力闘争のために入れ替わり近隣外国の力を利用したのでどちらかが「開化派」とはいえなかった。
- Both groups used the power of neighboring and foreign countries in turn for their strife over authority, so neither of them were really 'the Gaehwadang' (Progressive group).
- 例えば、武人として名高い征夷大将軍の坂上田村麻呂は、すぐれた武官であるが、武士であるとはいえない。
- For example, the seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro, who was famous as a military officer, was an excellent military officer but is not said to have been a bushi.
- 放火や刈田による略奪、そして一般民衆や農民を奴隷として拉致する行為は戦国時代といえども犯罪である。
- Fire setting, robbery by karita (to reap rice), and kidnapping common people or farmers as slaves were criminal acts even in Sengoku Period.
- ただし、白河は当初からそのような院政体制を意図していたわけではなく、結果的にそうなったともいえる。
- In the beginning, Shirakawa did not intend to institute the insei system, but it was established nevertheless.
- 義澄方の将としては、主将である細川澄元の他、細川政賢、松田頼亮など、幕府の直臣といえる人物が多い。
- As busho on Yoshizumi's side, there were many great vassals of the bakufu, such as captain Sumimoto HOSOKAWA, Masataka HOSOKAWA and Yorisuke MATSUDA.
- その後、今日まで意味が大きく変化することはなく、現在中国でも老百姓といえば、一般庶民のことを指す。
- The meaning of the term did not change significantly from then until today, and the term 'lao bai xing' in modern Chinese indicates common people.
- 幕府の方針を忠実に実行しただけとはいえ、吉良は幕府による朝廷抑制政策の通達役に立つことが多かった。
- Although Kira had faithfully carried out the decisions of the bakufu, he often served to convey policies that repressed the Imperial Court under order of the bakufu.
- 如水も隆景がいる間はちょっかいを出さないだろうが、恩や友情で御せる相手でないと考えていたといえる。
- It can be said that Takakage thought Josui would not intervene in his affairs while he was around but knew obligation and friendship weren't enough to control him.
- 全体として、決して技巧的ではないものの、原色を多用した、けばけばしいとさえいえる筆致を特徴とする。
- On the whole, although his works are not highly skilled, they are characterized by his flamboyant brushwork with the heavy use of primary colors.
- たとえば、イギリスなどの骨董(アンティーク)とは、異なる点もあるものの、共通する面もあるといえる。
- For instance, while there are different features seen in British antiques, and so on, there are also some things in common.
- これによって家元を権威付け、分派独立を防ぐと同時に組織の経済的基盤を確立することができたといえる。
- It should be said that this system serves various purposes whereby to give authority to the iemoto, to keep disciples from breaking away from the iemoto to create their own schools as well as to establish the financial base of the organization.
- この事から力士は巫女と同じく神事として神の依り代であり、同時に武芸に秀でた者または武士ともいえる。
- Therefore, the sumo wrestler can be said to be yorishiro (object representative of a divine spirit) in a Shinto ritual as well as miko, and a person who excels in martial arts and as a samurai at the same time.
- しかし、中国・日本においては阿弥陀仏信仰の流行にともない、浄土といえば一般に阿弥陀仏の浄土をさす。
- However, in China and Japan, in accordance with the prevalence of the faith for Amitabha Buddha, Jodo generally has meant Jodo of Amitabha Buddha.
- 現存する作品のうち6点が国宝に指定されており、日本の画家のなかでも別格の評価を受けているといえる。
- 6 of his extant works are designated national treasures. Indeed, he is considered to be extraordinary among Japanese painters.
- 浄土教諸宗において「無量寿経」といえば、特に注意書が無い場合は、康僧鎧訳の『仏説無量寿経』を指す。
- In the Jodo sect group, 'Muryojukyo' refers to 'Bussetsu Muryojukyo,' as translated by Sogi Kosogai, if there is no advisory.
- また、外国人殺害のあった市府の科挙受験禁止などは中国ならではの厳しい見せしめ政策であったといえよう。
- It may be said that the ban of kakyo examinations in cities where foreigners were murdered was a warning policy unique to China.
- こうした『記紀』などの記述から史実かどうかは別にしても葛城氏が河内王朝と密接な関係があったといえる。
- It can be said that there was a close relationship between the Katsuragi clan and Kawachi Dynasty, independent of these descriptions in the 'Kojiki' and the 'Nihon Shoki' are historical facts.
- 丹波の黒大豆といえば主に篠山市で採れるものをさすが、福知山も丹波の良質の黒大豆生産地で知られている。
- The Tanba black soybean mainly refers to a soybean harvested in Sasayama City, but, Fukuchiyama is also known as a place where quality Tanba black soybean is produced.
- 近・現代の日本とスペインの関係は、むしろ文化・芸術・スポーツ面の関心や影響、往来が主であるといえる。
- In modern times, Spain and Japan are mainly related to each other concerning interest, influence and exchange in the fields of culture, art and sports.
- 号は桂園(けいえん)・東塢亭(とううてい)・梅月堂・観鶩亭(かんぼくてい)・臨淵社・万水楼・一月楼。
- His go (byname) were Keien, Toutei, Baigetsudo (梅月堂), Kanbokutei, Rinensha (臨淵社), Manshuro and Ichigatsuro (一月楼).
- 幼くして生母とは生別したり、里子に出されたり、造酒屋で奉公したりと、安楽とはいえない幼少期を送った。
- His childhood days were not easy, as he was separated from his real mother, put out to nurse, and apprenticed to service at a sake brewery.
- 日本最古の史書といえる『古事記』や『日本書紀』に、矛、剣、刀、弓、捔力(相撲)などの記述が見られる。
- The hoko, swords, bows, grip (sumo) are described in 'Kojiki' (The Records of Ancient Matters) and 'Nihonshoki' (Chronicles of Japan), which are probably the oldest history books of Japan.
- 利休の茶の湯の重要な点は、名物を尊ぶ既成の価値観を否定したところにあり、一面では禁欲主義ともいえる。
- The fundamental point of Rikyu's tea was to deny the importance placed on meibutsu (famous works of art and craft), and it could be called a kind of asceticism.
- 桂園一枝(けいえんいっし)は、江戸時代後期に刊行された香川景樹(1768年-1843年)の自撰歌集。
- Keien-isshi is a collection of waka (Japanese poetry) by Kageki KAGAWA (1768-1843) compiled by himself in the late Edo Period.
- 桂園派(けいえんは)は、江戸時代後期の歌人香川景樹(1768年-1843年)に代表される和歌の流派。
- Keien School is a school of Waka (Japanese poem) led by Kageki KAGAWA (1768-1843), a poet in the late Edo period.
- そして19世紀終わり頃に、関西歌舞伎の決定打ともいえる存在である初代中村鴈治郎 (初代)が登場する。
- Around the end of the 19th century Ganjiro NAKAMURA I (shodai), whose existence was decisive for Kansai Kabuki, entered the picture.
- いわゆる「清酒」という言葉から一般的に連想される無色透明な色調は、そのような時代の名残りともいえる。
- We can say that clear and colorless tone which is associated generally with the word 'seishu' (literally, clear sake) is a reminder of such an age.
- 古い民家では単純に地面が露出している屋内の場所に過ぎない様式のものもあり、この辺りが語源といえよう。
- In old private houses, there is sometimes an area where the earth is simply exposed, and this would be the origin of the term.
- その意味で葬儀は、宗教が文明に発生する以前の旧石器時代から行われてきていた宗教的行為であるといえる。
- In that sense, funeral ceremonies are religious acts which had been observed since Paleolithic Period before religions were created in civilization.
- 眼・耳は、同じく四大の造なりと雖(いえど)も、而(しか)も眼のみ独り能く見、耳には見る功なきが如し。
- Ears and nose consist of four elements, but only eyes are capable of seeing things and nose is incapable of doing so.
- 法然が浄土宗を確立した当時、仏教といえば密教系の天台宗と真言宗が主流だったため、主にこの2宗をさす。
- Buddhism meant mainly two sects, Tendai sect and Shingon sect from Esoteric Buddhism group when Honen established Jodo sect.
- よって「組織結成許可願」と指導教師のない団体は日蓮正宗の正規の信徒団体とはいえないことになっている。
- Thus, groups which do not hold 'Soshiki Kessei Kyoka Negai' and do not have any chief kyoshi is not officially considered as a religious group of Nichiren Shoshu Sect.
- 一般に「だんじり」といえば、泉州地域(旧和泉国。大阪府南西部)の岸和田市のだんじりが全国的に名高い。
- In general, 'danjiri' refers to the nationally famous one in Kishiwada City in Senshu Region (former Izumi Province. Southwestern Osaka Prefecture).
- 歌舞伎の家の芸(かぶきの いえのげい)では、歌舞伎役者の権門が家の芸として特に定めた演目集をあげる。
- Kabuki ie no gei is a program list that is especially selected by the influential members of kabuki actors as the specialty pieces of their kabuki schools.
- ただ読書などにかまける時間が多くの人々にあるはずもなく、実際にはその道は閉ざされたままだったといえる。
- But as most people did not have much time to spend on reading, this way to becoming a sage was virtually closed to them.
- 前漢には小篆や古隷から「八分」、古隷から「章草」への変容が生じたが、これは文人の美意識の体現といえる。
- However, once a certain calligraphic style was established, a sense of beauty intervened and it became a subject of calligraphic art.
- 篆刻は最も後発の文人技芸といえるが、これは中国社会の経済的な興隆・産業の発達・技術革新と無縁ではない。
- Tenkoku can be said to be the latest art of Bunjin, which is not unrelated with economic prosperity, development of industries and technological innovation in the Chinese society.
- 『万国公法』の翻訳を共に求めながら恭親王奕訢と訳者マーティンの思惑は、ひたすらすれ違っていたといえる。
- Progressing translation work of 'Bankoku Koho' together, however, the thought of Grand Prince Yixin and that of the translator Martin were absolutely different.
- 蘇我氏のルーツと神功皇后との係わり、神功皇后と武内宿禰の関係性が浦島太郎伝説から読み取れるともいえる。
- It has been said that the origins of the Soga clan, their relationships with Empress Jingu, and relationships between Empress Jingu and TAKENOUCHI no Sukune can be worked out from the legend of Urashima Taro.
- 基本的に枕詞の成立に関していえば、折口以来の説というのは折口説を部分修正を施していくものとなっている。
- Basically, regarding the formation of makurakotoba, the opinions presented after Origuchi have been modifications of Origuchi's opinion.
- また武家茶道においても、台子点前は貴人といえども滅多に見せるべきでないものとされていた(『和泉草』)。
- It was said that tea ceremony with daisu should only be held on rare ocasions, even in the case of a samurai family's tea ceremony ('Izumiso').
- 鰹節や煮干しなどで出汁をとり、食材と味噌で味を作るという、調理法としてはシンプルな料理であるといえる。
- It is a simple dish to make, make the soup from materials such as dried bonito, dried small sardines etc., add ingredients and season with miso.
- その結果、これに倣う銭湯が東京や東日本を中心に続出し、銭湯といえばペンキ絵という観念を生じるに至った。
- Subsequently there appeared a succession of sento, mainly in Tokyo and eastern Japan, and this generated the concept that the word 'sento' made people imagine the painted art.
- これらの古の伝承に由来して、両皇子の故郷ともいえる庵戸宮が桃太郎の生誕地として現在にも伝えられている。
- Based on these old traditions, Ioto no miya that was the home of the both princes is believed as the birthplace of Momotaro today.
- 大型のクジラの鯨肉に比べると地域性の強い食文化であり、特にそれらの地域では重要な地位にあったといえる。
- Dolphin meat-based dishes, compared with those based on large-sized whales, were strongly dependent on the area where they were eaten, and it can be said that they constituted an important position in the dishes in those areas.
- それ以外は源氏一門といえども御家人となった者が除目などの必要ある場合を除き源姓を使用することを禁じた。
- He forbid all others, even if they belonged to the Minamoto clan families, from using the family name of Minamoto, unless a gokenin member had a need for it for a court rank conferment ritual.
- 明治のこの時期の為替レートは1円1ドルほどであったので、港税は1/4程度の廉価に抑えられているといえる。
- The exchange rate of that period in the Meiji period was 1 yen to the dollar, so port dues were kept low at about a quarter of the price in this treaty.
- この事件により後に制定される大日本帝国憲法は君主大権を残すドイツ憲法を範とされることが決まったといえる。
- The incident resulted in later formulation of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, which modeled after the Constitution of the German Empire, which preserves the royal prerogative.
- 『蕪村妖怪絵巻』(ぶそんようかいえまき)は、江戸時代中期の俳人・画家である与謝蕪村による日本の妖怪絵巻。
- 'Buson Yokai Emaki' is a Japanese picture scroll of specters drawn by YOSA no Buson, a Haiku poet and painter during the middle of the Edo period.
- 平安時代中期以降、貴族の女性は親兄弟といえどもみだりに異性に顔を見せてはいけない、という習慣が定着した。
- From the mid-Heian Period, it was an established custom for noble women not to show their faces to the opposite sex, even if it was their father or brother.
- 秋田蘭画も南蘋派の影響を受けており、その意味からは和漢洋の折衷体から独自の境地を見い出した画派といえる。
- Akita Ranga was also influenced by the Nanbin School, meaning that it was a unique painting style created by mixing Japanese, Chinese and Western styles.
- 畠山氏のうち、河内国の守護に任命されたのは国清が最初であり、河内畠山氏の実質的な祖は国清であるといえる。
- Kunikiyo was the first to be appointed as the Shugo of Kawachi Province among the Hatakeyama clan, so it can be said that the substantive founder of the Kawachi Hatakeyama clan was Kunikiyo.
- さらには加賀藩や筑前藩、久留米藩などの、戦争に積極的とはいえなかった藩までが贋貨を鋳造するようになった。
- Furthermore, domains such as Kaga, Chikuzen, and Kurume Domain who did not actively participate in the war also started coining counterfeit money.
- しかし、その場合にも旧註と新註が併記されているところに特色があり、概していえば旧註の勢力のほうがつよい。
- However, even in this case, shomono made in the later years were characterized by containing both old and new annotations, and as a rule, the influence of the older annotations was dominant.
- このうち『天書』は古史古伝の類とはいえず、他の二書も超古代文書というほどの内容をもっているわけではない。
- Among them, 'Tensho' isn't a koshi koden, and the other two contain nothing that would make them chokodai monjo.
- 天武朝から持統朝という律令国家制定期におけるエネルギーの生み出した、時代に規制される表現であるといえる。
- It can be said to be an expression produced by the energy of the time during a period from the reign of Emperor Tenmu to Jito, when the Japanese nation was being established under the ritsuryo codes, and also taking into account the limitations of the period in regard to expressions.
- 座布団は座る道具であるため、基本的には椅子の座席同様、その上に立つ行為は「あまり美しくない」といえよう。
- A zabuton is for sitting on, so let's just say that standing on one is much like standing on a chair, and this is not aesthetically pleasing.
- 山形県鶴岡市(庄内地方)では、一般に油揚げといえば厚揚げを指し、薄揚げのことは薄揚げまたは皮揚げという。
- In Tsuruoka City (Shonai region) in Yamagata Prefecture, the term 'aburaage' generally indicates atsuage, while thin, fried bean curd is called 'usuage' or 'kawaage' (literally, 'skin-like fried bean curd').
- 鎌倉市宝戒寺の歓喜天像は高さ150センチを超す木像で、制作も優れ、日本における歓喜天像の代表作といえる。
- The statue of Kangiten at Hokai-ji Temple in Kamakura City is a wooden statue over 150 cm tall and was beautifully made, so that it can be said to be a representative work among the Kangiten statues in Japan.
- だがこれも、仏教の問題というよりは、次期大王の人選も絡んだ蘇我氏・物部氏の対立が根底にあったといえよう。
- However, it could be said that this was not a problem over Buddhism, but a conflict between the Soga clan and the Mononobe clan combined with the selection of the next emperor as a root.
- 今日、「華道」といえば江戸時代後期、文化 (元号)文政の時代に流行した生花、挿花のことを指すことが多い。
- Today, 'Kado' often refers to flower arrangement that prevailed in the Bunka-Bunsei era during the late Edo period.
- 徒競走に、途中で大福を食べなければならないというルールを加えた競技であり、パン食い競走の大福版といえる。
- It is a daifuku version of the race for the bun, in which runners need to eat Daifuku.
- さらに、天満市場からの反発はあった(『大阪春秋』49号)ものの、女性が踊る点においても革新的といえよう。
- Even though there was opposition from Tenma ichiba ('Osaka Shunju' vol. 49), it can be said that it was an innovation for women to dance.
- ここでいう運上金とは、今でいえば「造り酒屋の営業税」と「酒株」という「免許」の発行手数料などのことである。
- The term 'business taxes' here includes what is now referred to as 'business taxes on sake breweries' and commission for issuing a 'license' or 'sakekabu.'
- したがって、現在の土地登記は、もとは地租改正時に作成された地券及び地券台帳にさかのぼるものであるといえる。
- Therefore, it can be said that current registry of land goes back to the original certificate of land title and the registry of the certificate of land title created when land-tax reform was implemented.
- こうした国家が土地・人民を直接に管理・支配しようとする試みは、のちの均田制にも通じるものであったといえる。
- Such attempts of direct control and management of land and people by the government can be considered to be linked with the Kinden system of later years.
- 黒田孝高の投獄場所は快適な場所とはいえず、肌はカサカサになり、膝は曲がったまま終生不具者となってしまった。
- The place where Yoshitaka KURODA was imprisoned was not a pleasant place and his skin lost all moisture and he got handicapped for his lifetime with his knee bent.
- 本書は、惟宗氏の明法家としての活動の集大成といえる書で、平安時代の政治を理解するうえでの重要な史料である。
- The document can be said to be a great collection of the Koremune clan's activities as scholars of law and is an important historical material for understanding politics in the Heian period.
- 一戦場において単独で作戦を遂行する事が可能という意味において後述の特徴も併せて戦略単位といえる部隊である。
- This squad was a tactical battle unit in terms of its ability to execute plans independently on a battleground, as well as in terms of other characteristics mentioned later.
- そうした意味で、仁清は近代的な意味での「作家」「芸術家」としての意識をもった最初期の陶工であるといえよう。
- In that context, it can be said that Ninsei was the first potter who had a sense of being a 'creator' or 'artist' according to the modern meaning.
- また、水走氏の祖である平岡連は中臣氏と同族であったことから、その中臣氏の末裔である藤原氏とも同族といえる。
- Also, because the Hiraoka-no-muraji clan, the ancestor of the Mizuhai clan, had come from the same line as the Nakatomi clan, it can be said that the Mizuhai clan had kinship with the Fujiwara clan, descendants of the Nakatomi clan.
- しかるに知行の由を申して御下文を掠め給わるの輩、かの状を帯ぶるといえども叙用に及ばず)」というものである。
- However, a petition from a person who got the official document by claiming false enfeoffment is not taken up.)'
- 平安時代に入り、古今和歌集が編纂される頃になると、和歌といえば短歌のことをさすようになり、長歌は衰退した。
- In the Heian period, when Kokin Wakashu was assembled, the term 'waka' referred to tanka poems and choka was on the decline.
- イギリスには多くのインド料理店が存在するが、それらの本格的なインド料理とは別のイギリスの大衆料理といえる。
- This curry and rice can be said to be a British food for the general public, being different from the curry of Indian restaurants, which exist in a large number in Britain.
- 国内産本葛の大生産地は、現在、鹿児島であるが南九州産を原料とする三軒は、信頼のおける生産者といえるだろう。
- Currently, the major production area of hon-kuzu in Japan is Kagoshima Prefecture, but you can rely on the three farmers using the products made in southern Kyushu.
- とはいえ、実際には日本以外のものを「歴史劇」、日本国内のものを「時代劇」と呼び分けていることが少なくない。
- In practice, however, those created abroad are often referred to as 'historical dramas,' whereas those made in Japan are referred to as 'jidaigeki' to distinguish between them.
- 例えば鯛や伊勢海老は現在でも日常的に食卓に上るとは言いがたいが、「食文化の中で重要ではない」とはいえない。
- For example, although sea breams and Ise-ebi (lobsters) are not eaten daily even today, it cannot be said that 'they are not important in food culture.'
- 以上から日朝修好条規は、日本が欧米と結んだ諸条約と比較してより過酷な内容を持ったものになっている、といえる。
- From these points, it can be said that the Japanese-Korean Treaty of Amity had more severe provisions than those between Japan and Europe and the United States.
- 焚書や経年劣化などで歴史上に失われた文書が多いことを鑑みれば、資料が残っている分まだマシな面があるといえる。
- Considering the fact that many documents in history were lost due to burning and aging deterioration, it can be said that existing documents are better than nothing at all.
- これらの地域では従前の軍制を維持する必要があったため、軍制の軽量化といえる健児制は導入されなかったのである。
- Since these regions required the maintenance of the conventional military system, they didn't introduce the kondei system, which would have meant a scaled down military force to them.
- この説に対する難点としては、そもそも「皇祖神たる太陽女神」なる観念そのものがさして古いとはいえない事である。
- A weak point of this theory is that the idea of the Sun Goddess as Kososhin (an Imperial ancestor) is not so old.
- 政元は優れた人物と言い難い一面があるが、家臣に優れた人物が多数いたことが細川氏の全盛期を築き上げたといえる。
- Masamoto was not necessarily a great person, but he had many excellent subordinates and this is said to have led the Hosokawa family to its prime.
- それだけに、わずかな郎党を伴ったに過ぎないとはいえ、自らの右腕ともなり得る弟義経の到来は大きな喜びであった。
- Therefore, even if with only a few soldiers, the appearance of Yoshitsune must have been a great pleasure for Yoritomo, as he expected that Yoshitsune could be his right hand,.
- 粛親王と川島浪速は後に協力して満州独立運動に荷担していくが、二人の運命は義和団の乱以降交叉し始めたといえる。
- Prince Su and Naniwa KAWASHIMA later cooperated with each other while assisting with the independent movement of Manchuria, but their fates crossed from the Boxer Rebellion.
- 歴史に破れ朽ち果てた者たちが、無念の思いと歴史の真実を後世に残したいと思いこの種のお伽話を創作したといえる。
- It can be said that those who lost and were left to decay in history created this type of fairy tale, out of their desire to pass down to posterity their regrets and historical truths.
- よって、書物や口伝での階層の数え方が現在捉えられている重(層)・階は、外観・内観に対応しているとはいえない。
- Therefore, the numeration of story and tier in the books and Kuden is not considered to be compatible with the current way of numeration for the internal and external appearances.
- したがって今日の仏教学では五時説は間違いであるとして否定する向きもあるが、完全に否定されるものともいえない。
- Therefore, although some members of the current Buddhist community reject the Fivefold Periods thesis as wrong, it cannot be denied completely.
- しかし、「松竹梅」といえば「目出度い」ことの象徴と考えられており、本来の、中国の認識とは大きく異なっている。
- However, the 'shochikubai' is regarded as the symbol of 'auspicious' things that is different from the original idea of China.
- 1932年の北村建信ら「二回説」を主張する研究者の理屈にも一定の説得力があるといえるが、一般的とは言いがたい。
- The logic used by the researchers advocating the 'two-battles theory,' such as Tatenobu KITAMURA in 1932 and others, can be said persuasive to a certain extent but cannot be said universal.
- しかし、この一連の田沼による改革は、いわゆる三大改革に勝るとも劣らぬ重要な意義をもった改革であったといえよう。
- However, a series of reforms implemented by Okitsugu can be said to have been no less important than so-called Three Big Reforms.
- いわば、清朝の地方の大官僚たちが結託して地方の利害を優先させ、義和団の影響が及ばないよう先手をうったといえる。
- In other words, the local high officials of the Qing dynasty conspired to make the interests of the provinces a priority and took a first step to make sure that the influence of the Boxers would not reach their areas.
- 円勢は法勝寺・尊勝寺の仏像群の造立を主導しており、白河法皇への奉仕に対する論功行賞ともいえる強引な人事だった。
- Ensei led the construction of Buddhist statues at the Hossho-ji Temple and the Sonsho-ji Temple, and because of this, the aggressive appointment was processed as if it had been a reward for his service to the Cloistered Emperor Shirakawa.
- 己 六才より物の形状を写の癖ありて 半百の此より数々画図を顕といえども 七十年前画く所は実に取るに足るものなし
- I have had the habit of drawing shapes of things since I was six years old, and drawn many paintings since about 50 years of age. However, what I had drawn before 70 years old were all insignificant.'
- 宇喜多 能家(うきた よしいえ、生年不詳 - 天文 (元号)3年(1534年))は、戦国時代 (日本)の武将。
- Yoshiie UKITA (year of birth unknown - 1534) was a military commander during the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States)(Japan).
- 江戸城が無傷で開城したことは半ば予想されたこととはいえ、新政府の主要士族メンバーにとっては拍子抜けでもあった。
- Although, many of the shizoku families or persons with samurai ancestors, being main members of the new government, had some sense of Edo-jo Castle being surrendered undamaged, they nevertheless, felt deflated as well.
- この場合、作者の個人名とは離れて、無名性の作品ともいえる作風であり、初代川柳期の無名性の川柳と似たものがある。
- In such a case, the style can even be called one of anonymous poems, moving away from the personal names of the composers, and it has something in common with the anonymous senryu poems in the period of the first Senryu.
- 軍記とはいえ、事実を忠実に記した書物ではなく、武勇伝や恋愛などを後世に伝えるための物語(フィクション)である。
- Although they are called gunki (literally, 'military chronicles'), they are not documents that faithfully record the facts, but rather, fictional stories to pass down heroic episodes and love stories for posterity.
- (変化の無い世界であり、例えるなら因果律がないような定常的であり、ある部分では時間軸が無いともいえる様な世界)
- (It is a world without any changes, especially a steady world without the law of cause and effect or a world which can be said to have no time base in a certain part.)
- 間仕切り建具としての発展的形態から見ると、「障子」は、衝立の原型といえる台脚の上に立てる衝立障子が原型である。
- Judging from the development of styles as partition fittings, the original 'shoji' was tsuitate-shoji on a stand which could be said to be an original form of screen.
- 山城国に特定したのは、古代における最大の技術者渡来集団といえる、秦氏が勢力を張っていた拠点であったからである。
- Yamashiro Province was designated because it was the foothold where the Hata clan, regarded as the maximal group of technical experts, wielded their influence.
- 日置流には武射傾向の強い流派が多く、今日「武射系」といえば、日置流諸派やそれに由来する作法・射法のことである。
- Many Heki schools retain strong characteristics of Busha (武射) so, today mentioning the 'Busha group' immediately brings to mind the various Heki schools and their manners, and way of shooting.
- とくに戦いにおいては、弓矢の改良に負けず劣らず改良され、弓矢を支える武具としての、陰の立役者ともいえるだろう。
- Especially in battle, it was improved as well as for Yumiya, so it can be thought of as a shadow hero, an arm to support Yumiya.
- 一般には土用の丑の日といえば夏を指すが、土用は春、夏、秋、冬の年4回あり、土用の丑の日は年に数回ある事になる。
- Generally speaking, the Ox day during the doyo indicates the summer one, but as the doyo comes around four times in a year, the day also comes around several times in a year.
- このため、現状で「紛争」といえるような対立関係(教義以外についての対立関係)があるのは創価学会くらいしかない。
- Therefore, there is only Sokka Gakkai that has what is currently called 'dispute' (conflict apart from doctrine) against Nichiren Shoshu Sect.
- しかし、野暮の意味するところは比較的共通理解があるといえる(具体的な内容についての見解の相違があるとしても)。
- However, the meaning of yabo is, relatively-speaking, commonly understood (even though there are different opinions on its specific connotations).
- 政権を牛耳るためとはいえ、時政と牧の方のこのようなあまりにも強硬な策は一族の北条政子・北条義時らの反感を招いた。
- Tokimasa and Maki no kata's action like this to take hold of the government was so aggressive that it provoked antipathy of Masako HOJO, Yoshitoki HOJO, and others in the family.
- 後述するように、記載氏族が限られているとはいえ、日本古代氏族あるいは日本古代史全般の研究に欠かせない史料である。
- As will be described later, although the number of clan names included in Shinsen Shojiroku is limited, it is clearly an indispensable historical material for the study of Japanese ancient clans and the ancient history of Japan in general.
- このように独立した官司といえどほとんど典薬寮の一部局のようになっており、寛平8年(896年)典薬寮に併合された。
- Thus, even though Naiyakushi was an independent government official, it functioned almost like a department of Tenyakuryo and it was merged with Tenyakuryo in 896.
- この情勢を量ると、秤は幕府・薩摩方に傾き、長州藩を中心とする反幕攘夷派勢力は徐々に軽くなりつつあったといえよう。
- All of this information shows that the balance of power was tilted in favor of the government/Satsuma, and the radical Joi (principle of excluding foreigners) group central to the Choshu domain was gradually decreasing in influence.
- しかし、見た目の趣味はお世辞にもいいとはいえない代物で、ここを訪ねた捨松の旧友(アメリカ人)にも酷評されている。
- However, the taste of the appearance was less than flattering and even Sutematsu's old friend (American) severely criticized it when visiting the place.
- 寛政期以降の系図を収録する貴重な史料であり、その収録内容の多さから「幕末期の『尊卑分脈』」ともいえるものである。
- Since it is a valued historical document that contains family trees from after the Kansei era and covers a wide range of materials, it can be said to be a 'Sonpibunmyaku' of the late Edo period.
- 特に教育及び翻訳によって近代中国に多大な影響を与えたことで知られ、『万国公法』の訳出はその代表的な事績といえる。
- He is known with his significant influence to modern Chine in the field of education and translation and translation of 'Bankoku Koho' can be said to be his representative achievement.
- また為朝の父の源為義をはじめ、敗者となった崇徳・頼長らに同情的であり、この敗者への視点が本作品の主題ともいえる。
- Moreover, it shows sympathy for the losers, Sutoku and Yorinaga, including Tametomo's father MINAMOTO no Tameyoshi, and this perspective on the losers can be said to be a theme in this work.
- だが密かに藤壺を恋い慕う源氏には、后がね(皇后候補)として大切に育てられた深窓の姫とはいえ物足りない心地がした。
- However, Genji, who had been secretly in love with Fujitsubo, felt unsatisfied with Aoi despite the fact that she had been brought up with the greatest care in a good family as a candidate for empress.
- またいわゆる治承・寿永の乱(治承・寿永の乱)の時代を含むため、同時期の朝廷の動きを知る上でも貴重な史料といえる。
- Covering the era of the Jisho-Juei War, it is an important historical material to know the movement of the Imperial court in that time.
- またそれらが歴史的な過程で絡み合い変容していく場合もあり、どれか一つをもって一般論を導き出すのは、困難といえる。
- Additionally, there is a case that these were combined and changed over a period of history so that it is said to be difficult to reach general ideas from any one originating point.
- 小豆の粒が、鹿の斑紋に似ていることから、鹿といえばモミジ、モミジと言えば紅葉で有名な小倉山(京都)との連想から。
- The name originates from the chain of thought where azuki beans look like the dapples on a deer, and deer evoke Japanese maple leaves which evoke the famous Mt. Ogura (Kyoto).
- 最澄、円仁、安恵・・というのは天台宗の法脈を表わすもので、曼殊院の歴史は実質的には是算の時代から始まるといえる。
- Saicho, Ennin, and Anne, are names representing religious lineage of Buddhism in Tendai Sect, and it can be said that the history of Manshuin virtually begin in the period of Zesan.
- 文房で古書画の鑑賞に浸り、墨を擦り、詩を詠じ、友と酒を酌み交わして清談に耽ることが文人の理想的な文房生活といえる。
- It can be said that an ideal life at Bunbo for Bunjin was to devote himself to the appreciation of old calligraphic works and paintings, making black ink, making a poem and having seidan (noble conversations) with friends over drinks.
- 小藩とはいえ、戦国大名の京極高知が関ヶ原の戦いの戦功により賜った丹後一国の領土の一部を受け継ぐ由緒正しい藩である。
- It was a small but historic domain inherited as part of the territory under Tango province, originally given to Takatomo KYOGOKU, a daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) during the Sengoku period, because of distinguished war service during the Battle of Sekigahara.
- そのため、清盛と義朝の地位にはもともと大きな開きがあり、恩賞の差に不満を抱いたという説明はあまり妥当とはいえない。
- Therefore, the reasons for which he complained about the differences in rewarding the merits of Yoshitomo and Kiyomori were not appropriate, because there had long been large differences between them.
- 徳川 家斉(とくがわ いえなり)は、日本の武士・徳川幕府第11代征夷大将軍(将軍在職1787年 - 1837年)。
- Ienari TOKUGAWA was a Japanese warrior and the 11th Seii Taishogun (literally, 'Great General Who Subdues the Barbarians'), who was in office from 1787 – 1837.
- また、藤原氏は春日大社を氏社としていたが、枚岡神社は元春日とも呼ばれるように春日大社の前身ともいえる神社であった。
- The Fujiwara clan worshipped Kasuga-taisha Shrine as Uji-sha Shrine (shrine built for praying clan's glory) while Hiraoka-jinja Shrine, which is also known as 'Motokasuga, or the former Kasuga,' can be considered the predecessor of Kasuga-taisha Shrine.
- 柳生 家厳(やぎゅう いえよし、明応6年(1497年) -天正13年(1585年)は、大和国地方を拠点とした武将。
- Ieyoshi YAGYU (1497-1585) was a busho (Japanese military commander) based in Yamato Province.
- 金光明寺は前身寺院があるとはいえ、そのままの寺観だったわけではなく、大仏を本尊とする前から規模を大きくしていった。
- Kinkonmyo-ji Temple's appearance had not been maintained since its predecessor temple, began expanding its scale before constructing the Great Buddha as the principal image.
- 近年の研究では174cmや169cmというものもあり)と江戸時代の当時としてはかなりな大男であったといえるだろう。
- Some of the recent researches suggest 174 cm or 169 cm, which anyway mean that he was a man of high stature in Edo era.
- また会日を根源とすることが、縁起と神事や祓いや占いなどの価値観が商売としても商品にも反映されているといえるだろう。
- While kaijitsu are considered to be the origin, the goods sold also reflected values such as omens, rituals, exorcism, and fortune telling.
- またその後には「未だ六波羅蜜を修行することを得ずといえども、六波羅蜜自然在前(じねんざいぜん)す」とも説いている。
- Following that, it also preached, 'Even if Rokuharamitsu (the six practices of charity, morality, patience, effort, meditation, and wisdom) has not been practiced yet, Rokuharamitsu naturally face mankind.'
- 一方で、政府の手厚い保護を受けていたとはいえ、日本鉄道が好調な決算を発表すると、各地で私設鉄道設立ブームが起こった。
- Meanwhile, even though Nippon Railway had received a careful protection from the government, the boom to build private railways started across Japan when Nippon Railway announced its positive financial statements.
- 飛鳥時代の多くの期間は、この地域に天皇(大王 (ヤマト王権))の宮が置かれており、今日的にいえば日本の首都であった。
- For the most part of the Asuka period, the emperor (or okimi [great king]) of Yamato sovereignty (the ancient Japan sovereignty) had a palace in the area, that is, Asuka-kyo was what is now called the capital of Japan.
- 今日一応の通説があるとはいえ、鎌倉幕府とは何か、その成立時期等についても必ずしも統一された見解がないのが現状である。
- Although there are currently prevailing opinions, there are no unified views on issues such as what the Kamakura Bakufu was and when it was established.
- とはいえ、家康はかつて敵対していた今川氏・武田氏・北条氏の家臣も多く登用し、彼らの戦法や政策も数多く取り入れている。
- However, Ieyasu used many retainers of the Imagawa clan, of the Takeda clan, and of the Hojo clan, all of whom had once been his enemies, and employed many of their military strategies and political measures.
- 源家長(みなもと の いえなが、嘉応2年(1170年)? - 文暦元年(1234年))は、鎌倉時代前期の貴族・歌人。
- MINAMOTO no Ienaga (1170? - 1234) was a noble and poet in the beginning of the Kamakura period.
- 本庄 時家(ほんじょう ときいえ、生没年不詳)は、鎌倉時代前期の武蔵国児玉党の武将(実質的に児玉党本宗家を継いだ)。
- Tokiie HONJO (year of birth and death unknown) was a busho (Japanese military commander) of Kodama Party, Musashi Province in the early Kamakura period (he practically succeeded to the head family of Kodama Party).
- また、森蘭丸といえば、大抵のイメージでは女性のような美貌を持ち、涼やかな感じの美男子だったとして描かれる傾向がある。
- In addition, when Ranmaru MORI is mentioned, we usually imagine him as a clean, refreshing handsome man with feminine beauty.
- ただし、このような復興の動きがある反面、連歌を行う人口や結社の数は、俳句に比べれば僅少といえる状態にとどまっている。
- Although there is a revival movement, the number of associations and people who make renga is still small by comparison to that of haiku.
- 家司(けいし/いえのつかさ)とは、親王・内親王家及び職事従三位以上の公卿・将軍家などの家に設置され、家政を掌る職員。
- Keishi (also called Ie no tsukasa) refers to personnel who are in charge of household management placed in a household of the Imperial Prince and Princess, or a Court noble or a samurai family of Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) or higher as Shikiji (another term for a royal secretary, kurodo, especially one who is concurrently posted as a controller).
- 親鸞の直系とはいえ蓮如が生まれた時の本願寺は、他宗や浄土真宗他派、特に真宗佛光寺派の興隆に対し、衰退の極みにあった。
- Even though he belongs to the direct line of disciples of Shinran, Hongan-ji Temple at the time of Rennyo's birth was in an extreme state of decline in contrast to other schools of Buddhism and other sects within Jodoshin-shu, such Shinshu Bukkoji Sect in particular, that were flourishing.
- また、同じ日本人といえども、時代によって日本人の性質や性格は現在とは大きく異なるということも念頭に置かねばならない。
- Although they are the same Japanese, it has to be taken into consideration that their characters are much differ from age to age.
- 政治的には、祖父の時代から絶大な影響力を保持していた日野家や側近の力を抑えきれず、幕府権力の衰退を助長したといえる。
- Politically, he was unable to suppress the immense influential powers of the Hino family and his aides, who had been powerful since the time of his grandfather, and therefore, it can be said that he aided the decline of the Shogunate's power.
- とはいえ経済的に苦しい状態が続いていたのは間違いなく、日記の全時期にわたって借金を意味する「秘計」の表現が見られる。
- However it is true that he was in straitened circumstances, and the word 'hikei' (a secret plan), which suggested debts, often appeared in his diary.
- 現在一般に浮世絵といえば、専ら多色刷りの木版画(錦絵)を想起される場合が多いが、肉筆画(肉筆浮世絵)なども含まれる。
- Generally, when it comes to Ukiyoe today, one is solely reminded of the multicolor woodblock print (Nishikie [colored woodblock print]) in many cases, but original drawings (Nikuhitsu Ukiyoe [single copy paintings created by brush]) and so on are also included.
- これは醸造酒としては稀に見る高いアルコール度数であり、日本酒ならではの特異な方法で、世界に誇れる技術的遺産といえる。
- This is exceptionally high alcohol concentration for brewing and is a unique method used only for sake that we can call of a technical heritage which we can be proud of.
- This high alcohol content is rarely observed in brewed alcohol, and Japanese sake brewery has unique world level technical skills.
- 瓦を用いないことについては、明らかに瓦葺きの仏教建築との差異を意識し、もしくは仏教建築を忌避したものであるといえる。
- It is considered that tile roofing was not used appropriately to distinguish Shinto architecture itself from Buddhist architecture, or even to avoid it.
- 蔵・通・別の前三教は、すでに『法華経』までの経典で説いた、そして『法華経』で円教を開会(かいえ)し説き終ったとする。
- Buddha had completed his teachings in the first three of these categories, zo, tsu and to, before his 'Lotus Sutra' sermons, in which he explained the ultimate truth that he had finally grasped the teaching of en.
- とはいえ、現在、国際連合及び国際的な海図の大半は「日本海」という表記を使用しており,国際的にそれらは一般的ではない。
- Nevertheless, the United Nations and the majority of international marine charts currently refer it to as the 'Sea of Japan' and those Korean names are not common worldwide.
- しかし、源氏嫡流意識なるものは、この頼朝が武家の中での自己と自家の地位を特別視するために作り出したたものともいえる。
- However, it can be said that this idea of the direct descendant of the Minamoto clan was created by Yoritomo in order to distinguish his status as well as his family status within the samurai families.
- 内容がたとえ土器片一点であっても、指定されることなしに法的に文化財として認定する制度があることに特徴があるといえる。
- It would say that the characteristic lies in its system to legally recognize even an earthenware fragment as a cultural property without being designated as the historic site.
- 「君が代は」の型は『和漢朗詠集』の鎌倉時代初期の一本に記すものなどが最も古いといえる(巻下祝、国歌大観番号775番)。
- We can say that the oldest example of the form of 'Kimigayoha' appears in the version of 'Wakanroeishu (Japanese and Chinese poems to sing)' at the beginning of the Kamakura Period (巻下祝, Kokka Taikan No. 343).
- そして江戸時代中期、3代将軍徳川家光が死去した後、幕府の武断政治から文治政治への転換は武力による支配の終焉ともいえる。
- And, then, in the middle stage of the Edo Period after the death of the third shogun, Iemitsu TOKUGAWA, a conversion by the bakufu from a ruling backed with military force to a ruling by a civilian government can be deemed as the end of governance by force.
- ここには、唐物を唐渡りの珍奇な品物ではなく、文化的、美的価値のある「美術品」として見る視点が生まれていた、ともいえる。
- Here, it could be said that karamono viewed not only the unique goods from kara but 'artwork' that had cultural and artistic values.
- 一般に「京阪」といえば、上記のような地域名よりも、同社および同社を中核とする京阪グループの各社を指す場合のほうが多い。
- In general, the word 'Keihan' more often refers to Keihan Electric Railway and each company in the Keihan Group centering on the railroad company than the names of the areas mentioned above.
- 単に間伐や植え替えを推進するということではなく、2割削減という具体的な数値目標を打ち出したことは画期的なことといえる。
- The project does not simply consist of promoting felling and transplantation, and the agreement of a concrete target value of reducing pollen levels by 20% was groundbreaking.
- 佐藤によれば、それは頼朝の譲歩だといえるが、後段において実質的な国衙在庁指揮権が頼朝の権利として公認されたのだとした。
- It could be regarded as the result of a compromise by Yoritomo, but in the latter part, the substantial right to command the local officials of kokuga was officially approved as the right of Yoritomo in return, according to SATO.
- 政略結婚とはいえ、二人の夫婦仲は良く、結婚三十一年目の天正16年(1588年)の七夕には次のように歌を詠み合っている。
- Even though it was a political marriage, it was a happy one and on Tanabata of 1588, which was the 31st year of their marriage, they composed the following poems to each other.
- 石川 家光(いしかわ いえみつ、生年不詳 - 元徳2年4月2日 (旧暦)(1330年4月20日))は、鎌倉時代の武将。
- Iemitsu ISHIKAWA (year of birth unknown - April 28, 1330) is a busho (Japanese military commander) in the Kamakura period.
- 徳川 家継(とくがわ いえつぐ)は、江戸幕府の第7代征夷大将軍(在任:正徳3年(1713年)-正徳6年(1716年)。
- Ietsugu TOKUGAWA was the seventh seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) (he was in office from 1713 to 1716).
- こうした「万国公法」ということばを冠する著作の多さは、近代国際法受容の早さとそれが広範囲にわたったことの傍証といえる。
- Presence of many books titled with the word 'bankoku koho' indicates the fact that modern international law was accepted quickly and widely in Japan.
- また『明六雑誌』の論説は、各地の新聞に(無断?)転載されることも多かったので、さらに一層の広がりを持っていたといえる。
- In addition, articles on 'Meiroku Zasshi' were often reprinted on other newspapers in various places (which might be done without permission), so that it can be said that they had wider readership furthermore.
- 地域という点からいえば、雑誌は東京周辺だけで読まれただけではなく、大阪や広島、青森など全国各地の人士にも読まれていた。
- As to the point of location, the bulletin was read not only by the people around Tokyo but also by jinshi (a person of high social standing and cultured) in various places of Japan such as Osaka, Hiroshima and Aomori.
- 「衣」(きぬ)といえば普通は男子の内衣や女子の重ね袿をさすので、いわゆる垂頚(着物襟)だったと思われるが、確証はない。
- Kinu' usually means that men's uchiginu (inner garment) or women's kasane-uchiki (a series of brightly colored unlined robes), thus kinu might be a so-called tarikubi (a type of kimono collar, hang-down collar) but there is no reliable evidence.
- しかし、新成人が参加するとはいえ、自治体関係者の意向と新成人の意向が対立した場合は自治体の意向が採用されることも多い。
- However, even though new adults participate in the planning, if there is a conflict between the intentions of people concerned from the autonomy body and the new adults, the intentions of autonomy body prevails in many cases.
- 羅什が法華経・摩訶般若波羅蜜経・大智度論を重要視していたことを考えると、天台宗設立の契機は羅什にあるといえなくもない。
- In view of the fact that Kumaraju attached importance to Hoke-kyo sutra, Makahannya haramikyo sutra and Daichidoron, it can be said that the foundation of the Tendai Sect was triggered by Kumaraju.
- また、一遍と違い一向の教えは踊り念仏を行うとはいえ、念仏そのものに特別な宗教的意義を見出す事は少なかったとされている。
- It is considered that the teachings of Ikko Shunsho were the same as those of Ippen in that both performed Odorinenbutsu, but different in that Ikko Shunsho did not put any particular religious meaning in the Buddhist invocation in his Odorinenbutsu.
- これらの事から、刀が重視された理由について、手柄を得るための首切りに便利だったからとする説にはやや無理があるといえる。
- From the above, it is rather difficult to accept the theory that swords were convenient to cut off the head f as a reason that swords were valued.
- とはいえ参禅が限度を超えて神経衰弱の苦しみにある修行者を見かねた白隠禅師が、その治療方法としての内観の秘法を伝授した。
- However, the Zen master Hakuin worried about the practitioner who did too much mediation and suffered from a nervous breakdown (decrease in positive activity of the brain), and gave the secret of Naikan as a method of healing.
- 清のとき、二十四書が正史として再度選ばれ、「二十四史」と呼ばれるようになったので、中国の正史といえば普通二十四史を指す。
- During the Qing period, twenty-four books were again selected as official histories and began to be referred to simply as 'the twenty-four histories', so in general the term 'official histories of China' is taken to be referring to these twenty-four books.
- 古事類苑(こじるいえん)は明治時代に編纂された類書(一種の百科事典)で、各項目について明治時代前の諸文献を引用するもの。
- Kojiruien is a kind of encyclopedia compiled and edited in the Meiji period of Japan, providing many references published by the Meiji period that started in 1868, to each and every term in it.
- 偉大な先人から学びとり、それを取捨選択しその時流や自分の状況にあう行動をとったことは十分に名君と呼ぶに値するともいえる。
- He can be said having been a good enough ruler in that he learned from great predecessors, because he made wise selections from what he learned and acted himself corresponding to the situation at the time and to his situation.
- このように重盛は一門の代表とはいえ、重要案件については清盛の判断が優先していて、自らの意思・行動はかなり制約されていた。
- As described above, although Shigemori was the leader of the clan, Kiyomori's decisions were prioritized for important matters; therefore, Shigemori's desires and actions were very much limited.
- いずれも江戸時代につくられた広大な大名庭園が選ばれている点で、日本庭園すべてを考慮したものといえないことも指摘されている
- It is pointed out that not all types of Nihon teiens were considered and the chosen three are all large scaled Daimyo teiens.
- 室内には、いわば帷で作った衝立ともいえる几帳を置いたり、絹や布地の引き幕に近い間仕切りの引帷や軟障で小空間を間仕切った。
- The room was subdivided by kicho, which was said to be a screen made of tobari, as it were, and hikimono or zejo which were similar to a stage curtain made of silk or cloth as a partition.
- 生長の家宇治別格本山(せいちょうのいえうじべっかくほんざん)は京都府宇治市にある宝蔵神社を中心とする生長の家の別格本山。
- Seicho no Ie Uji Bekkaku Honzan is the bekkaku honzan (special head temple) of Seicho no Ie, which is centered around Hozo-jinja Shrine in Uji City, Kyoto Prefecture.
- 本多髷でなければ吉原遊郭では相手にされない、大店の若旦那といえば本多髷を結うものというようなステレオタイプまで存在した。
- There were the following stereotypes: a man without wearing Hondamage would be received coolly in the Yoshiwara red light district; a young master of a large merchant house should wear Hondamage.
- その方法といえば、髷を切ってザンバラ髪にしたうえ酷い場合は女物の着物を着せて化粧をさせてさらし者にするというものだった。
- The punishment was such that his topknot was cut down; in a more severe case, he was dressed in female costume with make-up and exposed to public view.
- しかし、現在、文楽といえば一般に日本の伝統芸能である人形劇、人形浄瑠璃(にんぎょうじょうるり)を指す代名詞的存在である。
- At present, however, it is synonymous with ningyo joruri, one of Japan's traditional performing arts.
- この説は、当時の合戦にしては異常ともいえる死亡率の高さの説明にもなり、状況証拠などを分析により一定の信憑性があるとされる。
- This theory enables the explanation of the unusually high death rate for battles at that time and is said to have a certain amount of credibility based on analyses of circumstantial evidence and others.
- 朱子学との連続性を考慮するならば、宋以後における聖人の世俗化の動きが、明代中葉・末期に至ってひとつの頂点を迎えたといえる。
- When taken as a continuation of Shushigaku, popularization of the sage after the Song period culminated in Yomeigaku towards the middle and end of the Ming period.
- 王陽明自身は「吾が心に省みて非なれば、孔子の言といえども是とせず」と言い切ってはいても、未だ経書への姿勢は謙虚さがあった。
- Although Wang Yangming said, 'if I reflect on myself and find nothing wrong, I cannot accept it as correct even if Confucius says it is,' he still treated the Classics respectfully.
- ただし、以上のうちで律令の研究といえるものは「古記」のみで、他は条文の解釈を公的に確定する作業であったというべきであろう。
- However, among the above, only the 'Koki' can be referred to as being research on ritsuryo, while others were acts of publicly deciding on the interpretation of the text.
- 後の豊臣政権において大きな勢力をもったが、譜代の有力な家臣をもたなかった秀吉が自分の子飼いを過大に喧伝した結果ともいえる。
- These seven soldiers later gained great power in the Toyotomi government, which may have been a result of Hideyoshi's excessive trumpeting of his favorite men, who had been trained by him since their childhood, since Hideyoshi did not have his own powerful hereditary vassals.
- また、東京の例でいえば、2006年現在の平年値は、前述の2000年から2003年における4年連続の大飛散とほとんど等しい。
- Taking Tokyo as an example, the average year value in 2006 was essentially equal to the previously mentioned four year period from 2000 to 2003.
- 徳川 家綱(とくがわ いえつな)は江戸幕府の第四代征夷大将軍(在職:慶安4年(1651年) - 延宝8年(1680年))。
- Ietsuna TOKUGAWA was the fourth Seitaishogun (commander-in-chief of the expeditionary force against the barbarians) of the Edo Bakufu (Japanese feudal government) and held office from 1651 – 1680.
- この時、平氏一門で叙位されたのが頼盛だけだったことも、政権内部において頼盛の存在が重みを増していたことを示すものといえる。
- As Yorimori was the only member of the Taira family to have court rank conferred on him on this occasion, it can be presumed that this shows his increasing importance in the government.
- 大宰府の長官は現地に赴任しないのが当時の慣例になっていて、日宋貿易を直接掌握する狙いがあったとしても不可解な行動といえる。
- As it had been standard practice at that time that the chief of Dazaifu remained in the capital rather than relocating to the Province, Yorimori's action was incomprehensible, even taking into consideration the fact that he aimed to directly assume control of trade between Japan and Sung China.
- 正作の妻・繁子は三菱財閥の2代目総帥・岩崎弥之助の長女なので、松方家は三菱の創業者一族・岩崎家と姻戚関係を結んだといえる。
- Shosaku's wife Shigeko was the oldest daughter of the second sosui of Mitsubishi Zaibatsu Yanosuke IWASAKI, which means that the MATSUKATA family was allied with the Mitsubishi founding family, IWASAKI family through marriage.
- この点につき『学問のすすめ』や『文明論之概略』の執筆時期と重なるとはいえ、少なすぎると指摘する研究もある(戸沢1991)。
- Some researches pointed out that this number of his articles were too small even though they were written in the same period when he was writing 'Gakumon no susume' and 'Bunmeiron no gairyaku' (An Outline of a Theory of Civilization).
- いくらこれらの効果が期待出来るとはいえ果実そのものにもカロリーが含まれており、ただ食べていれば痩せるといったものではない。
- Although these benefits are expected by eating the fruit, it has calories and only eating mikan does not simply mean better dieting.
- これは、古来からの菩提寺と檀家の関係が現代まで引き継がれた結果のもので、純粋な宗教行事というより、習俗化したものといえる。
- This resulted from the fact that a relationship between a family temple and a Buddhist parishioner was continued from ancient times to modern times, and is considered to have been popularized and have become a custom rather than just as a pure religious event.
- また洋楽器が操作機能や音域拡大、分担化の追求により分化、発展したのに比べ、和楽器は音色の追求により分化、発展したといえる。
- Furthermore, it can also be said that while Western musical instruments have developed and diversified through the pursuit of better manipulation features, larger tessitura and higher levels of specialization, Wagakki have developed and diversified through the pursuit of more beautiful tones.
- 簡潔さの中にこそ美があり、そこにこそ魂、霊が宿り、神や仏に近づくという日本古来の美意識、思想が音に反映された現れといえる。
- It can be said that this resulted from the traditional Japanese esthetic philosophy, in which the idea that only simplicity can provide beauty, only simplicity can foster the soul and spirit, and only through simplicity people can approach God or Buddha, was reflected in the sound of music.
- 重曹処理された高野豆腐は伝統製法のものに比べ、硬さが1/3~1/4程度で非常に柔らかく、別の食品といえるほど食感も異なる。
- Koya-dofu processed with baking soda is one-fourth to one-third softer than the one produced through the traditional process, and its texture is so different as to suggest that it's a different kind of food.
- しばしば上方歌舞伎は型よりも持味、心情、雰囲気を重視するといわれるが、なかでもつっころばしはその典型的な例であるといえる。
- It is often said that Kamigata Kabuki places more stress on originality, feelings, and atmosphere than formality; the role of Tsukkorobashi is an extremely typical example.
- これらの戦いでは織田方の被害も決して軽微なものとはいえず、信長の実弟織田信治をはじめ森可成・坂井政尚などの古参諸将を失った。
- In these battles, the damage at Oda side was not minor one, and senior warlords including Nobunaga's younger brother Nobuharu ODA, Yoshinari MORI and Masanao SAKAI were killed.
- 農作物価格の下落が続き、元来決して裕福とはいえない農産地域の中には、さらなる困窮に陥る地域も多く見られるようになっていった。
- Prices of farm products continuing to fall, many regions among agricultural production regions, which were originally far from wealthy, were put into further poverty.
- 広義には官制上天皇親臨が定められていた枢密院会議、また王政復古直後の小御所会議や天皇臨席の大本営会議なども御前会議といえる。
- In a broad sense, the term Gozenkaigi collectively indicated conferences of the Privy Council which must be convened in the presence of the emperor, Kogosho Conference (the meeting held in the presence of the Emperor in the Kogosho conference room of Kyoto Imperial Palace when the Decree for the Restoration of Imperial Rule was issued) after the restoration of Imperial rule and conferences at the Imperial headquarters in which the emperor presented.
- 無格社といえども氏子を有した神社も多々あり、独立神社としては何ら他の神社と変わることはなく、幣帛供進の有無の違いだけである。
- Even among Mukakusha, there were many shrines which had Ujiko, and as independent shrines, they were not different from other shrines, but the only difference was whether they received heihaku or not.
- 庄 家次(しょう いえつぐ、生没年不詳)は、平安時代末期から鎌倉時代前期の武蔵国児玉党(現在の埼玉県本庄市栗崎出身)の武将。
- Ietsugu SHO (year of birth and death unknown) was a Busho (Japanese military commander) of Kodama party of Musashi Province (He came from present Kurisaki, Honjo City, Saitama Prefecture) from the end of Heian period to the early Kamakura period.
- これは強制されたものであったとはいえ、安政以来の幕府の念願の実現であり、国是の変更という意味でも歴史上の大きな決定であった。
- Although it was the result of compulsion, the decision was the realization of the desire that the Shogunate had had since Ansei, and historically it was a very important decision inasmuch as it represented a shift in national policy.
- 「礼儀作法といえば小笠原」といわれるほどのマナー作法における正統流派だが、その歴史は鎌倉時代にまでさかのぼる武家作法の高家。
- The school is so well-known as a school of traditional etiquette that it is said that 'etiquette is Ogasawara' and its history can be traced back to the Kamakura-period high-ranking family involved in teaching samurai etiquette.
- 江戸時代中期の人物である21代当主近衛家熙(いえひろ、号予楽院、1667年 - 1736年)も詩書画に優れた教養人であった。
- The twenty-first head of the Konoe family, Iehiro KONOE (the pseudonym Yorakuin, 1667 - 1736) during the middle of the Edo period was also an educated man well versed in poetry, calligraphy, and painting.
- 専修念仏の先駆であり、より純粋な天台系の浄土教仏教を伝えており、その後の浄土宗や浄土真宗の先行的形態と内容を持つともいえる。
- It was the pioneering work of Senshu Nenbutsu (the Single-Minded Recitation of the Nenbutsu) and transmitted the purer Jodo-kyo Buddhism of the Tendai sect, so that it can be said to have the advanced form and content of the later Jodo and Jodo Shinshu sects.
- 歴史的に見ても現在においても、神道と仏教はその機能を分担して担っており、両者をあわせて一つの宗教観を構成しているともいえる。
- Historically as well as presently, Shinto and Buddhism share functions and it can be said that the two come together to create a single religious notion.
- いわば梁啓超らは明治日本において陽明学の再発見・再評価したのみならず、陽明学を柱とする国民精神創造運動も取り込んだといえよう。
- In other words, Liang Qichao not only rediscovered and reevaluated Yomeigaku but also introduced the movement to create a national spirit supported by Yomeigaku into China from Japan during the Meiji period.
- また、社会主義・共産主義国家やファシズム国家などに見られる一党独裁体制も政党が政権を掌握していたとしても政党内閣とはいえない。
- Also, a one-party dictatorship system, which is seen in socialist, communist, and fascist countries and others, isn't called a party cabinet either, even though a political party is in control of the government.
- またこの時代の文人を特に貴族的文人と呼ぶことができるがその貴族としての意識が凡俗であることを見下す姿勢を産み出したともいえる。
- In addition, especially the Bunjin in this period can be called aristocratic Bunjin and it can be also said that their awareness as nobility created an attitude to disrespect the ordinary and secular.
- 一方、道家的隠逸であるが、倫理(善)のためでなく真理の探求や体得の手段としての隠逸、あるいは隠逸そのものが目的化したといえる。
- On the other hand, the recluse of Taoists can be said as a mean to seek or reach the truth rather than for ethical good, and recluse itself became their goal.
- その連歌といえば、鎌倉時代中ごろから約百年、御霊の鎮魂の性格を持つ花の下連歌が無縁の遁世者によってひらかれ、好評を博していた。
- Concerning that renga, the Hananomoto-renga (a form of renga), which had the characteristic of quelling the soul of the dead, performed by unrelated people who entered the priesthood, was performed for about a hundred years from the mid-Kamakura period and became popular.
- 地理的には由良川流域であり、普段から交流も多い地域であるが、文化圏としては方言など多少の差異もあり、必ずしも単一とはいえない。
- Due to its geographical location in the catchment area of Yura-gawa River, people in Chutan actively contact each other on a routine basis, but their cultures are different because of varied dialects.
- さらにいえば、厳密な百姓身分、町人身分とされたのは家の筆頭者だけであり、それ以外に村内、町内には細かな身分構造が存在していた。
- Besides, only the head of the family was categorized under the peasant or the townsmen class in a strict sense, with subdivided classes in villages and towns.
- この時期、荘園や公領を支配・収取の単位とする体制、すなわち荘園公領制が確立したが、名主は荘園公領制の基盤を支える階層といえた。
- A system composed of manors and government territories as basic units of administration and taxation, known as the manorial public territory system (called shoen koryo sei in Japanese), was established during this period, with myoshu farmers forming the basis of the system.
- とはいえ、文久2年(1862年)までは徳川慶頼が、その後は徳川慶喜が「将軍後見職」に就いていたため、その権力は抑制されていた。
- Iemochi's authority was inhibited, however, due to Yoshiyori TOKUGAWA serving as Shogun-kokenshoku until 1862, followed by Yoshinobu TOKUGAWA.
- また的屋や宿場町で営まれる射的場は文化や時代の背景があり、情緒を伴うものであるが、現在のパチンコなどは利害だけの産業といえる。
- In addition, matoya and the shooting galleries in inn towns have a cultural and historical background, whereas modern day pachinko is just a businesses operated for profit.
- (穴山信君、武田信廉はもともと勝頼とは仲が悪かったとはいえ、これらは総大将の勝頼の命令を無視した敵前逃亡と言うべきものだった)。
- (Nobukimi ANAYAMA and Nobukado TAKEDA who admittedly had been in bad terms with Katsuryori were as good as deserting in the face of the enemy in defiance of the command of Supreme Commander Katsuyori).
- さいかち浜水泳場(さいかちはますいえいじょう)とは、滋賀県長浜市高橋町および、田村町にある琵琶湖に面する長浜市営の水泳場である。
- Saikachihama Swimming Area is a swimming area operated by Nagahama City which is located in Takahashi-cho and Tamura-cho in Nagahama City, Shiga Prefecture facing Lake Biwa.
- 島津氏の家臣であるとはいえ、朱印をもって都城8万石を給されている忠棟を殺害したことは、中央政権に対する反逆ともとれる行為である。
- Although he was a vassal of the Shimazu clan, the act of killing Tadamune, who had been given Miyakonojo, the land worthwhile 80,000 koku of rice, with a certificate, could have been taken as an act of treason against the central government.
- 島津氏宗家相続の際、伊集院忠棟は義久の次女である新城の婿、島津彰久を推奨しており、忠恒にとって忠棟は憎悪の対象であったといえる。
- As the successor to the head of the Shimazu clan, Tadamune IJUIN recommended Yoshihisa's second daughter Shinjo's husband, Akihisa SHIMAZU; that might be another reason for Tadatsune to hate Tadamune.
- 取り上げられている諸家の評論の取捨選択に空海の主観が入っているとはいえ、そこに引用されている文章はすべて唐土の文人のものである。
- Although concerned comments of each family were chosen depending on Kukai's own point of view, all sentences cited were written by Chinese men of literature.
- そのような意味では、今日のスーパーマーケット、コンビニエンスストア、デリバリー・ショップを合わせたような存在であったともいえる。
- In that sense, it can also be said that such sakaya were places that provided the services of supermarkets, convenience stores, and of delivery shops.
- なお、平安時代の貴族社会で「直垂」といえば、普通「直垂衾」(着物の形をした絹綿入りの布団。今のかいまき布団のようなもの)をさす。
- Whenever the 'hitatare' was mentioned in the noble society of the Heian period, it usually referred to 'hitatare-fusuma' (a futon (blanket) shaped like a kimono and stuffed with silk and cotton), similar to present day kaimaki futon (a comforter with sleeves)).
- 現在では駅弁とともに売られるお茶は、ビニール容器入りから大手メーカーのペットボトルや缶入りのお茶にほぼ取って代わられたといえる。
- At present, tea sold in a vinyl made container with Ekiben was mostly replaced by that sold in a can or a plastic bottle produced by major manufacturers.
- 同店の「木刀に文字を彫るサービス」は数年前まではここでしか行っていなかったサービスであるので越後屋デパートが最初であるといえる。
- The Echigo-ya Department Store is believed to have been the first to provide the 'bokuto memorial inscription service', since it was the only one that was offering such a service until a few years ago.
- 古来、攻城側は守城側の10倍は必要とされていることからすれば、いかに剽悍な薩摩兵とはいえ、1対3での包囲強襲は無謀な作戦と言える。
- Traditionally, it had been said that the besiegers had to be ten times as strong as the defenders; therefore, the plan to press a siege against the castle with the ratio of 1:3: would have been reckless for the Satsuma soldiers however fierce and cunning they were.
- 騎士は知行取り、御目見得であるのに対し、徒士は蔵米取り、御目見得以下とされており、幕府でいえば旗本が騎士、御家人が徒士に対応する。
- Kishi with a fief and vassals were allowed to have an audience with the Shogun, whereas Kachi were given kuramai (rice preserved in a depository by Edo Shogunate and domains) and were not allowed to have an audience with the Shogun, and in the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), Hatamoto corresponded to Kishi and Gokenin corresponded to Kachi.
- 留学生ではなく遣唐使の判官とはいえ、6年もの間海外諸国を渡り歩いた平群広成は当時の日本では屈指の知識人であり、朝廷から重用された。
- Although not as a student but as a hangan of the envoys to Tang China, Hironari, who had traveled across several countries for six years, was one of the best intellectuals in Japan in those days and appointed an important position from the Imperial Court.
- 朝鮮において知識人は、日本でもそうであるが、漢文の読み書きに堪能であって文章として理解する上で困難といえるものはなかったのである。
- Both in Japan and Korea, intellectuals were good at reading and writing Chinese and they did not have difficulty to understand Chinese book.
- これらの着物の文様は、厳格に決まりがあったとはいえ、武家女性は教養の限りを尽くして文様の位置を微妙に変えたりなどの工夫をしていた。
- The patterns of those Kimono were controlled under strict rules, ladies from Samurai society fully utilized their education and added some flavors of their own to the Kimono such as slightly changing the position of patterns, etc.
- どちらかといえば秀才肌で生真面目な感のある最澄が、これほどまでに攻撃的な姿勢で論争に臨んだ背景として、いくつかの原因が考えられる。
- We can assume several reasons why Saicho was aggressively involved with this dispute though he was rather a smart and solemn guy.
- しかし、幾つかの有力諸藩ではこの方針を貫徹できなかった(とはいえ、明治6年(1873年)までには大半の同県人県令は廃止されている)。
- However, this policy wasn't strictly applied to some powerful domains (nonetheless, most of kenrei hailed from the same prefecture were abolished by 1873).
- 長崎に続いて1854年横浜で蒸気車の模型が走ったが、この時は模型といえども日本人(幕臣河田八之助)が客車の屋根にまたがって乗車した。
- Following Nagasaki, a model steam engine locomotive ran in Yokohama in 1854, and although it was just a model, it carried a passenger (bakushin shogun's retainer, Yanosuke KAWADA) who rode over the roof.
- とはいえ降参というのはあくまで名目上のことに過ぎず、雑賀衆の形式的な降伏と引き換えに織田勢が撤退したというのが事実に近いと思われる。
- However, it seems that they surrendered only nominally and that in fact, the Oda army withdrew in exchange for the nominal surrender of Saiga shu.
- 何人撃ち殺されても決して退かず、数を頼りに突撃を繰り返す大軍の前に、いかな精鋭の鉄砲衆といえども寡勢の紀州勢には抗する術はなかった。
- They never withdrew despite many soldiers who were shot, and repeated attacking with numbers, so that even the elite unit of gun fighters of the Kishu army could not oppose them with a smaller force.
- その意味で信憑性の程度や事実の如何はともかくとしても、歴史学的に客観的な検証能力を有するものは著しく少ないのが実情であるといえよう。
- In this sense, setting aside the question of the degree of credibility or the existence of facts, there are few legends that can be verified objectively from the historical viewpoint.
- 徳川 家慶(とくがわ いえよし)、は、江戸幕府の第12代征夷大将軍(将軍在職:天保8年(1837年) - 嘉永6年(1853年))。
- Ieyoshi TOKUGAWA was the 12th Seii Taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') of Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) (reigned between 1837 - 1853).
- 政治力を持たなかったとはいえ、正二位准大臣の高位にあった伯父の死は、もともと後見に恵まれない敦康親王の立場をさらに薄弱なものにした。
- The death of his uncle, who had no political power but held a high position (i.e., the office of Vice Minister, at Shonii (Senior Second Rank) in the government hierarchy), making the position of Imperial Prince Atsuyasu, who had never enjoyed the benefit of a strong backer, even more vulnerable.
- 死蔵期間が長期に渡っていたため、後の説話文学の代表格といえる『宇治拾遺物語』など中世の説話文学に何らかの影響を与えたとは言いがたい。
- Because it was lost for a long time, it is difficult to say that it had any influence on medieval setsuwa literature such as 'A Collection of Tales from Uji,' which is representative of later setsuwa literature.
- 空間は、障子や襖(ふすま)で囲まれ、特に障子は、空間が完全に断絶されているとも、いないともいえる曖昧な、おぼろげさを醸し出している。
- Space is surrounded with shoji (paper sliding doors) or Fusuma (Japanese sliding doors), and shoji especially generate fuzzy and dim effects, giving an impression of ambiguity of whether or not the space is completely partitioned.
- 観客から見て二次元的な存在の舞台上から、役者が客席側に出ることで三次元的な演出を可能にしている点で、演劇史上特筆すべき装置といえる。
- This device is worth mentioning in the history of theater because this enables to create a three-dimensional space by making an actor come out from the stage, where is a two-dimensional space for the audience, and appear in the space where the audience is located.
- もっとも喧嘩両成敗は分かりやすく、また双方納得しやすいことからその後も日本人の精神観としては現在まで脈々と受け継がれているともいえる。
- Nevertheless, since the idea of Kenka Ryoseibai was simple to understand and convincing for both parties of a quarrel, it was considered that the idea was passed down up to now through the minds of Japanese people.
- 「舎人」(とねり)といえば通常は男性であるが、民俗学者の柳田國男、神話学者の西郷信綱らは「稗田阿礼は女性である」とする説を唱えている。
- Normally, a 'toneri' refers to a male servant, but Kunio YANAGIDA, a folklorist, and Nobutsuna SAIGO, a mythologist, insisted that 'HIEDA no Are was a woman.'
- 天下を平定したとはいえ、信長・秀吉に比べて守旧的な組織しか作らなかったとして、家康を名君・奸君とするのは過大評価であるとする説もある。
- There is also the theory that it is an overestimation to consider Ieyasu an excellent ruler or cunning ruler, because, although he unified the nation, he established only conservative systems, compared with Nobunaga and Hideyoshi.
- 士族とはいえ元農民出身であったため、一葉は平民組として扱われ、上流階級の姉弟子たちにから「ものつつみの君」と呼ばれるほど内向的になる。
- Although Ichiyo was shizoku, since her family had been farmers, she was treated as a commoner; she became introverted, and senior pupils from the upper social class called her 'monotsutsumi no kimi' (literally, close-natured person).
- 徳川 家治(とくがわ いえはる)は、江戸幕府の第10代征夷大将軍である(在任:宝暦10年(1760年) - 天明6年(1786年))。
- Ieharu TOKUGAWA was the tenth Seitaishogun (commander-in-chief of the expeditionary force against the barbarians, great, unifying leader) of the Edo Bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) (his tenure of office: 1760 - 1786).
- 長矩は依然数え年で17歳(満15歳)であり、国許の大石内蔵助もすでに筆頭家老の肩書は与えられていたとはいえ、数え年で25歳にすぎない。
- Naganori was only 17 years old according to the traditional Japanese way of counting (15 years old according to the current way of counting) and Kuranosuke OISHI from his hometown was only 25 years old according to that way of counting, though he was already given the title of Hitto karo (the head of chief retainers).
- すなわちそのスタンスの違いから愛国主義だったといえるのか、あるいはナショナリズムの覚醒と言えるのかという点で論者の意見が分かれている。
- In other words, each debater has a different opinion on whether the Boxers had a patriotic doctrine or were the stimulant for nationalism.
- 浄土は何のためにあるのかといえば、仏自らが法楽を受用するためと共に、人々をその国に引接して化益をほどこし、さとりを開かせるためである。
- If you ask what Jodo exists for, it is for Buddha himself to obtain the Horaku (pleasure of a pious life) as well as to lead people to this land and provide the Buddhist benefits in order for them to be spiritually awakened.
- この点、日本は鎖国とはいえ完全に国を閉ざしたわけではなく、キリスト教以外はオランダ語を通じて自由に諸外国の情勢や最新の学問を研究できた。
- Despite being under seclusionism, Japan had not closed the country completely, giving people the freedom to learn about the state of affairs of foreign countries as well as the latest studies, excluding Christianity through the Dutch language.
- これに関白が連署して公家法としての要件を得る事によってこの法度の実際の制定権力である江戸幕府への「大政委任」の法的根拠を与えたといえる。
- Having met the requirements for the court noble law under the joint signature of the chief adviser to the emperor, the law became the legal basis for 'delegating the administration of the country' to the Edo bakufu, which had the real authority to enact the law.
- 戦乱といえば、15世紀前半から南部氏が仙北・鹿角に出兵(この鹿角争奪戦は永禄頃まで続く)、伊達氏の河北地方への侵食など領地争いが目立つ。
- With respect to wars, disputes over territories are prominent as seen in sending troops by the Nanbu clan to Senboku and Kazuno since the first half of the fifteenth century (this war over Kazuno continued until around Eiroku Era) and invasion into the Kahoku region by the Date clan.
- それら私営田経営者、そして弱体化し始めたとはいえ、いまだ一定の勢力を保つ郡司と、強化された国守・国衙の権力との利害対立が顕在化していく。
- The conflict of interests amongst those managers of shieiden (lands directly governed by powerful families), gunji started to weaken, but still held constant power, and kokushu (head of provincial governors) and kokuga (provincial government offices) powers that became stronger was more apparent.
- その間、平島公方の血統は三好氏の庇護を受け、いざと言う時の「切り札」として養われ続けていたとはいえ、将軍への道を拓かれずに過ごしていた。
- In the meantime, the lineage of Hirashima Kubo was under the patronage of the Miyoshi clan and was sustained as 'chief card' in the nick of time, but was passing the time without avenue for shogun.
- 江戸川乱歩・三島由紀夫などの偏愛のために「芳年といえば無惨絵」と思われがちだが、その画業は幅広く、歴史絵・美人画・風俗画・古典画に渡る。
- Although Yoshitoshi is associated with atrocity prints because his prints were favored by those including Ranpo EDOGAWA and Yukio MISHIMA, his art covered a wide range of historical paintings, beautiful women paintings, genre paintings of manners and customs, and paintings of classical subjects.
- 平家のシステム上、方面軍を率いるのは平家の一門(清盛の子及び孫)と決まっており、その下で実戦指揮を執るのが平家の御家人の最高位といえる。
- Under the system of the Taira family, the person who led an area army had to be somebody in the Taira family (a son of Kiyomori or his grandson), and it can be said that those who actually commanded the army were the highest rank of gokenin in the Taira family.
- 季語が季節の情感を表現していたかといえば談林の俳諧などではかえって季語を季感と切り離すことで、笑いを生みだすものとしていた部分もあった。
- As for whether the kigo actually represented the sense of the seasons, according to the haikai of the danrin school, there was an aspect to them in which a sense of humor was created by separating the kikan from the kigo.
- 東海地方の旧国名でいえば美濃・尾張・伊勢・三河などの濃尾平野を中心とする地域では、前方後方墳は36基、前方後円墳は49基確認されている。
- In Mino, Owari, Ise, and Mikawa in former provinces' name of Tokai region, where are centered on Nobi Plain, 36 square front, square back tomb mounds and 49 keyhole-shaped tomb mounds are found.
- だが、当時は南伝も北伝も、経典はすべて釈迦の説いた教えであると信じられていたため、教相判釈による以外に判別する方法が無かったともいえる。
- At that time, however, there were no methods other than Kyoso Hanjaku to distinguish the many scriptures because all Buddhist scriptures, regardless of south route or north route, were believed to be the direct teachings of Shaka.
- 本来の語義からいえば、女形を演じる役者は男にかぎられるものではないが、現在では「男が女を演じる」という認識に立って理解されることが多い。
- In the original meaning, the term, actors who play oyama should not be limited to men, but today, oyama is often recognized as the word which refers to `the man acting a woman.'
- 儒学のモデルであり、当時の憧れの対象であった中国では明が滅び、清に支配されて「畜類の国」となれば、もはや規範とすべき国とはいえなくなった。
- In China, the model for Confucianism and the object of admiration, the Ming dynasty went to ruin and the country came to be controlled by the Ching dynasty; China was said to have been reduced to 'a country of beasts' and no longer acted as a standard to emulate.
- まず会所の建物そのものの性格からいえば、平安時代、寝殿造りの建築にあった来客と主人が対面するところ、客亭(出居)が、その起源にあげられる。
- From the characteristic of the kaisho building itself, the origin is said to be the Kakutei (lodging) (Idei (guest room or the bedroom of the owner)), where the guest and master of the house met within the shinden zukuri (architecture representative of a residence of a nobleman in the Heian period).
- この時期は古代律令国家の残滓を見せつつも、次なる中世国家につながる時代性格も併せもっており、まさに古代から中世への過渡期に当たるといえる。
- This period is exactly a transitional period from ancient times to medieval times since it had elements of the precursor to the medieval national polity while keeping the vestiges of the ancient Ritsuryo-based nation.
- 九条 基家(くじょう もといえ、建仁3年(1203年)- 弘安3年7月11日 (旧暦)(1280年8月7日))は、鎌倉時代中期の宮廷歌人。
- Motoie KUJO (1203 - August 7, 1280) was a court poet, who lived during the mid Kamakura period.
- 壮年時代はよく遊び、料亭に数日間も居続けたり、鉄砲打ちに出かけたりしたが、晩年は質素倹約を旨とし、趣味といえば盆栽と碁を嗜む程度であった。
- In the prime of his life he often played, visited Ryotei (fancy Japanese-style restaurants) for days at a time, and went out shooting, but in his later years he made it his concern to live a simple, frugal life, with interests such as bonsai (a dwarf miniature potted tree) and a game of Go.
- 一方、山鉾巡行・神輿渡御は、宵山ほどの人出はなく(それでもかなりの人出ではあるが)、祇園祭といえば前夜祭である宵山を先に思い描く人も多い。
- Meanwhile, in the Yamahoko Junko and Mikoshi togyo are involved less people than the Yoiyama (still, there are a number or people): many people think of the Yoiyama, the eve of festival, at first as the Gion Matsuri Festival.
- 伝法堂も板殿もいずれも、建具としては共通して唐様式の扉しかなく、内部空間を仕切る建具がなかったのが、奈良時代の建築の特徴といえるであろう。
- Doors made were only the Chinese style commonly found in both in Denpodo and Itadono, and there was no inner partition, characteristic of architecture during the Nara period.
- 女性の場合は洋風の髪型が登場し始めた一方で、折衷ともいえる、束髪、夜会巻き、耳隠し、行方不明髷、等の洋服、和服双方に合う髪型も考案された。
- With regard to the women's hairstyles, the western styles emerged on one hand, but on the other hand hairstyles that can be said to be hybrids between traditional styles and western styles, such as the followings, were invented to suit both western and Japanese clothes: Sokuhatsu (western hairdo), Yakaimaki (a bun hairdo which was popular in the Meiji Period), Mimikakushi (a bun hairdo which was popular in the Taisho Period), Yukuefumei mage (a bun hairdo without a topknot), and so on.
- この騒動は六角氏零落の序曲であり、同時に信長がその本拠、岐阜からの上洛のルートを確保する上では、大変に好都合な出来事だったといえるのである。
- While this feud was a prelude to the fall of Rokkaku clan, it was a very favorable incident for Nobunaga to secure the route for Kyoto from Gifu where he headquartered.
- 家里 次郎(いえさと つぐお、天保11年(1840年) - 文久3年4月24日 (旧暦)(1863年6月10日))は壬生浪士組の同士である。
- Tsuguo IESATO (1840 - June 10, 1863) was a member of Mibu-Roshigumi (Mibu masterless warrior group).
- こうした一連の改革は一向一揆の活動を抑制し、幕府や各地の大名、他宗派との共存を目的とするものでこれまでの政策の大転換ともいえるものであった。
- These series of reforms curbed activities of the Ikko-Ikki army and can be said to have drastically changed its policy with a view to coexisting with the bakufu, local daimyo (feudal lords) in various places, and other religious schools.
- これらは古典四書の周辺的な類書であり古史古伝に準ずる異端古代史書とはいえても、超古代文書だとか古史古伝そのものに入れるのは相当な無理がある。
- These are similar books in the periphery of koten shisho and, although we may call them heretical ancient historic book similar to koshi koden, it is unreasonable to include them in chokodai monjo or koshi koden.
- この場合の「中国風」とは画題(テーマ)、画法の両面にわたるものであり、中国風の山水、風俗などを中国風の画法で描いたものが唐絵であるといえる。
- The 'Chinese style' in this case relates to both subjects (themes) and the way of painting, and it can be said that Kara-e are the pictures that depict Sansui (landscape, hills and rivers) and customs in the style of Chinese painting.
- 1803年(享和3年)には京都二条奉行所で、また翌1804年(享和4年)には江戸寺社奉行所で大瀛(だいえい)とともに対論し、智洞を論破した。
- In 1803 at a magistrate's office in Nijo, Kyoto and in the following year 1804 at a magistrate's office of a temple in Edo, he and Daiei argued with Chido and refuted his argument.
- 「いえ、彼は中村鶴蔵という道化役で、舞台では人を笑わせておりますが、家では謹厳実直な者でございます」との返答に「面白いやつじゃ」と笑われた。
- No, he is Tsuruzo NAKAMURA, who makes people laugh at stage as a role of a fool but is an honest and serious man at home,' to which the emperor laughed, 'he's a funny man.'
- 日朝修好条規は日米間の条約を研究して結ばれたものであるから、パークスが感じるように日朝修好条規と日英間の条約の性格が似ているのは当然といえる。
- As the Japanese-Korean Treaty of Amity was concluded based on the study of the treaties between Japan and the United States, it would be natural that Parkes felt the character of the Japanese-Korean Treaty of Amity was similar to that of the treaty between Japan and England.
- 無論儒教に於いて倫理学的側面は最も重要だったといえるが、だからといって大規模なパラダイム・シフトが起こったわけではなく、その点は注意を要する。
- It should be noted that Yomei-gaku did not cause a drastic paradigm shift, although ethics was undoubtedly the most important element of Confucianism.
- 江川英龍(英龍)・遠山景元・鳥居耀蔵(燿蔵)ら実務派の官僚が採用されたが、内容自体は田沼時代を受けた寛政の改革の再来ともいえ、新味は無かった。
- Tadakuni promoted practical bureaucrats, such as Hidetatsu EGAWA, Kagemoto TOYAMA, and Yozo TORII, but the very contents of the reforms could be said just the revival of Kansei Reforms after the Tanuma period, so they lacked novelty.
- 仇教事件の頻発は、一般民衆の中に、西欧及びキリスト教への反感を醸成し、外国人に平身低頭せざるを得ない官僚・郷紳への失望感を拡大させたといえる。
- These frequent Kyukyo Incidents built antipathy toward Western Europe and Christianity and spread the loss of trust toward the bureaucracy and Kyoshin (those who worked under government officials), who were obliged to bow to the foreigners demands.
- このように中世における事例が見られるとはいえ、小辺路が参詣道として確立するのは近世になってのことであり、その呼称の初見も近世初期のことである。
- Although there were such examples in the Muromachi period, Kohechi as a pilgrimage road was established in the early-modern period, and its name 'Kohechi' appeared at the beginning of the early-modern period for the first time as well.
- 自分に度々意見する元長の存在を疎ましく思っていたとはいえ、劣勢の長政への肩入れも得策ではなかったためか、両軍への撤兵要請で事を収めようとした。
- Although he was annoyed about Motonaga who often criticized him, it was not advantageous to help almost losing Nagamasa, and therefore he attempted to put this battle to an end by calling on withdrawal to both sides.
- 『美杜神字録』は神代文字で書かれており定義からいえば「古伝四書」の方に入れてもよさそうではあるが、吾郷清彦はその件については特にふれていない。
- 'Bisha Shinjiroku' is written in ancient Japanese characters and, according to the definition, it could be included in 'Koden shisho,' but Kiyohiko AGO didn't mention it.
- 「利休箸」「利休鼠」「利休焼」「利休棚」など、多くの物に利休の名が残っており、茶道のみならず日本の伝統に大きな足跡を刻んでいるといえるだろう。
- Today there are many things that have the name of Rikyu such as Rikyu-bashi (chopsticks), Rikyu-nezumi (gray color), Rikyu-yaki (grilled fish or meat with sesame) and Rikyu-dana (shelf), which suggest that Rikyu contributed not only to a tea ceremony but also to the Japanese tradition.
- 見方によっては、永衡に反逆の意図があったかどうかは(事実は不明だが、物語の文脈としては)不明であって、頼義の猜疑心が永衡を討たせたともいえる。
- Depending on the viewpoint, it is uncertain whether or not Nagahira intended to betray Yoriyoshi (the facts are unknown but judging from the context of the story), but it can be said that Nagahira's death was caused by Yoriyoshi's suspicion.
- しかしここではいえとにわをつなぐ月見台が南面した広間から延び、そこから秋草の庭へと空間が遷移し、建物を外部へと開く魅力的な場所を提供している。
- However, in this building, the moon-viewing tower is stretched from a hall that faces south, and the space changes into a garden of autumn grass, and was made an attractive place that opens up the building to outer space.
- 慶円(けいえん/きょうえん・慶圓、天慶7年(944年) - 寛仁3年9月3日 (旧暦)(1019年10月3日))は、平安時代中期の天台宗僧侶。
- Keien (Kyoen, 944 - October 9, 1019) is a Buddhist priest of the Tendai sect during the mid Heian period.
- 法隆寺(斑鳩町、聖徳宗総本山)では、実質的に宗祖といえる聖徳太子の(旧暦にあわせた)祥月命日にあたる3月22日~24日に「お会式」が行われる。
- At Horyu-ji Temple (Ikaruga-cho, the head temple of Shotoku Sect), 'Oeshiki' is held from March 22 -24, which coincides with shotsuki-meinichi (the anniversaries of one's death after the first anniversary) of the virtual sect founder Prince Shotoku (on lunar calendar basis).
- この場合の天下はどちらかといえば実際の律令国家の支配が及んだ範囲という意味で、今日の日本列島における本州・四国・九州などにあてはまると思われる。
- In this case, Tenka basically referred to the territory which was ruled by Ritsuryo Kokka (the Japanese nation under the Ritsuryo codes), namely present Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu.
- 近年では南北方向には従来の国道1号や国道24号に加えて第二京阪道路、東西方向には京滋バイパスが通っており、現在の新たな交通の要衝であるといえる。
- In recent years, in addition to the conventional National Route 1 and the National Route 24, the Second Keihan Highway runs from north to south, whereas, Keiji By-Pass runs from east to west and, hence, it can be said that Ogura-ike Pond plays a key role in modern transportation.
- 高倉の即位は、清盛だけでなく、安定した王統の確立を目指していた後白河も望んでいたものであり、後白河と清盛は利害をともにする関係にあったといえる。
- Takakura's ascension was wished for by not only Kiyomori, but also Goshirakawa, who wanted to establish a stable Imperial line, and therefore the relationship between Goshirakawa and Kiyomori may be considered to have had common interests.
- このことは時に彼を優柔不断に見せたが、後述する天皇への諫言は極めて適切であったといえ、こうしたところに西園寺の政治家としての真骨頂を感じられる。
- This made him look indecisive at times, but the words of admonishment he gave to the Emperor, which are mentioned later, were extremely appropriate, and Saionji's true worth as a politician can be felt through such actions.
- 藤原 家隆(ふじわら の いえたか、保元3年(1158年) - 嘉禎3年4月9日 (旧暦)(1237年5月5日))は、鎌倉時代初期の公卿、歌人。
- FUJIWARA no Ietaka (1158 - May 5, 1237) was a court noble and Kajin poet in the early Kamakura period.
- 藤原 為家(ふじわら の ためいえ、建久9年(1198年)- 建治元年5月1日 (旧暦)(1275年5月27日))は、鎌倉時代中期の公家・歌人。
- FUJIWARA no Tameie (1198 - May 27, 1275) was a court noble and poet in the mid Kamakura period.
- また、秀吉の中国大返しに関しても、如何に秀吉が優秀な武将だったとはいえ、あの速さは事前に用意をしていなければ出来ない、という疑惑が持たれている。
- As to 'Chugoku Ogaeshi' of Hideyoshi, there is a suspicion that he could not go back to Kyoto so quickly without any preparation, whatever an excellent warlord he was.
- 江戸時代の本草書『本朝食鑑』に、「焼酒は新酒の粕を蒸籠で蒸留して取る」とあるように、清酒が醸造される地域で焼酎といえば粕取り焼酎のことであった。
- Shochu meant Kasutori shochu for people in production area of shochu as it is written that 'shochu is produced by the distillation of fresh rice wine lees in a steam basket' in 'Honcho Shokkan,' a materia medica of the Edo period.
- 元来仏壇といえば、須弥壇のことであったが、中世になって寺院仏堂の仏壇を「須弥壇」と呼び、家の中に仏を祀る厨子のことを「仏壇」というようになった。
- The word 'Buddhist alter' originally referred to Shumidan, but in medieval times the Buddhist alter in Buddhist temples came to be called 'Shumidan' and the zushi where Buddha was enshrined in houses came to be called the 'Buddhist alter.'
- これらが自然に対する畏怖や畏敬になり、観念としての自然崇拝につながっていき、幽霊や妖怪やフェアリーなどのアニミズム観の根底に流れているといえる。
- Such things made people feel awed and scared of nature, which lead to the nature worship that underlies the animism found in concepts such as yurei (ghost), yokai (specter), fairy, etc.
- とはいえ、死なずとも負傷兵となれば、これを引かせる必要があり、負傷した人間と後送させる少なくとも1名、つまり2人以上を前線から遠ざけることになる。
- Yet an injured, if not dead, soldier had to be removed and if so, at least two people, of whom one was the injured whom the other removed, would have withdrawn from the front.
- 1967年(昭和42年)に制定された福岡市の市章も同様の理由でカタカナの「フ」を九つ並べて図案化されており、その点に関しては共通点があるといえる。
- The city emblem of Fukuoka established in 1967 was also designed by laying the nine katakana characters of 'Fu' side by side, therefore the two cities have this point in common.
- 寺社の内部では政治権力による警察権は認められず(検断不入、不入の権 (日本)または守護不入を参照)、たとえ謀反人の捜査といえども例外ではなかった。
- In the internal area of temples and shrines, the police authority of political power was not admitted (refer to the articles on Kendan Funyu [refusal of criminal investigation of the Political power], Funyu no Ken [the right to keep the tax agents from entering the property] or Shugo Funyu [another name of shugoshi funyu, privilege of excluding agents of the shugo]) even in the case of the investigation of a rebel.
- そのほかに1778年9月『画法綱領』、『画図理解』という日本最初の西洋画論ともいえる理論書を執筆しており、これは秋田蘭画の理論的支柱となっている。
- In addition, he also wrote the first books on theories of Western-style painting in Japan, such as 'Gaho Koryo' (Summary of Painting Laws) and 'Gazu Rikai' (Understanding Painting) in September of 1778, which became the theoretical fulcrum point of Akita Ranga.
- 松平 家信(まつだいら いえのぶ、1565年(永禄8年)- 1638年2月27日(寛永15年1月14日 (旧暦)))は、戦国時代 (日本)の武将。
- Ienobu MATSUDAIRA (1565 - February 27, 1638) is a busho in the Sengoku period the Sengoku period (period of warring states) (Japan).
- しかし、法治国家・立憲主義の原則を重んじて、その原則で保障された国民の権利は国家といえども正当な法的根拠がない限り奪うことが出来ないと考えていた。
- However, he valued the principals of a law-abiding country and constitutionalism, and he thought that even the nation could not deprive people of their rights guaranteed by the principals without a justifiable legal basis.
- 信栄の行状が悪いことについても、たしかに親や一族の長としての責任は大きいが、信盛が職責を果たしている以上、追放の理由になるほどの問題とはいえない。
- For the misbehavior of Nobuhide, it is certain that his parents and family were hugely responsible, but as far as Nobumori was doing his duty, it cannot be a reason big enough for the banishment.
- しかし1912年、恩師ともいえる池野成一郎とともに、それぞれイチョウとソテツの精子の発見を高く評価されて、恩賜賞 (日本学士院)を授与されている。
- In 1912, however, HIRASE, together with Seiichiro IKENO who can be said to have been his mentor, was awarded Onshi Prize (the Imperial Award) (by the Japan Academy), for their highly evaluated discoveries of gymnosperm spermatozoids and cycad spermatozoids respectively.
- 中古中期における『源氏』受容史の最大の特徴は、それが『源氏』の文体、世界、物語構造を受継ぐ諸種の作品の出現をうながしたところにあるといえるだろう。
- The biggest characteristic in the history of acceptance for 'The Tale of Genji' at the midpoint of the medieval ages could be that it encouraged the emergence of certain kinds of works that inherited its style, world and narrative structure.
- 『将門記』などの先行する軍記物語はいくばくか存在するものの、『平家物語』などとともに、あらたな文学のジャンル形成に寄与した作であるといえるだろう。
- Although a few preceding war tales, such as 'Shomon Ki (Tale of Masakado),' had already existed, it could be said to have made a contribution to the development of a new literary genre together with 'Heike Monogatari.'
- これは同じ藤原摂関家の藤原忠実による『殿暦』、藤原師通による『後二条師通記』にもいえることで、摂関家は漢文についてそれほど得意ではなかったようだ。
- This can also be applied to 'Denryaku' written by FUJIWARA no Tadazane of the regent house of Fujiwara and 'Gonijo Moromichi-ki' by FUJIWARA no Moromichi, so it seems that the regent family were not particularly adapt at Classical Chinese.
- ビートたけしがフライデー襲撃事件を起こした際、取調中に捜査員から食事を促されたときに「取調べで食事といえばあれしか無いだろう」とカツ丼を注文した。
- In custodial interrogation with regard to his violent assault of the editors of the popular magazine 'Friday,' when told to have a meal by the detective, Takeshi BEAT ordered a katsudon, saying 'when it comes to food during interrogation, I can think nothing but that.'
- とくに「竹久夢二」に限っていえば、彼の場合、実質的に活躍した年代が大正期と重なり、その思索や行動そして作品において時代の浮き沈みと一体化している。
- Especially, in the case of Yumeji TAKEHISA, he was active in the Taisho period in particular, so the ups and downs of the period were synchronized with those of his thoughts, acts and works.
- しかし彼女が資産家の令嬢とはいえ皇族・華族出身ではない(新田義重の家臣生田隼人を遠祖とする士分の家系である)ことから、皇室内外から猛反対を受けた。
- However, taking her in marriage met strong opposition from the inside and outside of the Imperial household, because she was neither from the Imperial family nor from the peerage despite being a daughter of a wealthy person (She comes from a long line of samurai class with a forefather Hayato IKUTA, a retainer of Yoshishige NITTA).
- 死牛馬解体処理や皮革処理は、時代や地域により穢多(長吏・かわた等)との分業が行われていたこともあるが、概ね独占もしくは排他的に従事していたといえる。
- Hinin and Eta (Chori, Kawata, etc.) worked in animal slaughter and leather-making separately depending on the period or regions; however, Hinin mostly engaged these tasks exclusively.
- 今日の日本では嫡流という価値観や概念は日常的なものとしては存在していないが、それでも本家や長男を中心に家の祭祀や家名存続を考える志向が強いといえる。
- The values and concepts of chakuryu no longer exist in the daily life of today's Japan, and yet there is a strong tendency to consider the family's religious services and the continuation of the family name mostly in terms of honke and the eldest son.
- その役割は鳥羽天皇期となっても変化はなく、牛馬の管理・御幸の警護を行う院の武力組織の中核ともいえる院御厩(いんのみうまや)の預(あずかり)となった。
- His role did not change during Emperor Toba's rule, and became the In no Miumaya no Azukari (Head Horse guard), which was the core position in the In (cloister) military organization that was responsible for managing the horses and cattle and guarding the emperor.
- とはいえ、『後二条師通記』康和元年(1099年)5月3日条に、白河天皇より「諸国に兵仗多く満つ、宣旨を下され制止を加ふべし」との指示が記されている。
- However, 'Gonijo Moromichi ki' (Diary of FUJIWARA no Moromichi) entry on May 3, 1099 (May 31, 1099 in solar calendar) stated the order of Emperor Shirakawa, 'have many weapon yielding warriors in various districts and used force when the imperial decree was given.'
- 藤原 定家(ふじわら の さだいえ、1162年(応保2年) - 1241年9月26日(仁治2年8月20日 (旧暦)))は、鎌倉時代初期の公家・歌人。
- FUJIWARA no Sadaie (1162 - October 3, 1241 [September 26, 1241 in the Julian calendar]) was a court noble and poet in the early Kamakura period.
- どれも現在に至るまで中国のみならず、日本でも使用されていることばであって、その意味では現在に生きる我々もまた『万国公法』の恩恵を受けているといえる。
- They have been used until today not only in China but also in Japan and, by that fact, we can say that we who are living in the present world have been enjoying the benefits of 'Bankoku Koho.'
- 商売は元来、販売される商品がたくさんある場所や人から多くない場所や人へ融通するものであり、行商はそれを仲立ちする商売の起源ともいえる販売方法である。
- Business usually spreads from the place with many products for selling and many people to the place with few products and people, so it can be said that peddlers are the origin of business in order to connect both places.
- これは松平容保を乱臣賊子と決めつけた薩長主体の歴史観からは、甚だ都合の悪いもので、薩長側にとってはその存在を抹殺しなければならない程のものといえた。
- This was extremely inconvenient for the historical view of the Satsuma/Choshu leaders, who had decided that Katamori MATSUDAIRA was a rogue daimyo, so much so that they wanted to deny its existence.
- 加冠役は朝倉義景が務めている(なお、義昭はこの時点まで正式な元服を行ったという文献史料は一切無く、当時としてはあまりに遅すぎる元服だったといえる)。
- The person who performed the ceremony was Yoshikage ASAKURA (there is no record which shows Yoshiaki had a coming-of -age ceremony officially until this time; it could be said that it was too late in this era).
- しかし、クマリンは肝毒性があり、食品添加物としては認められていない物質なので、桜の塩蔵葉が美味とはいえ、極端に摂食しすぎることには注意が必要である。
- However, as coumarin is hepatotoxic and not recognized as a food additive, care should be taken not to consume excess quantities of these salted leaves despite their delicious taste.
- 「史跡としての文化財保護」のさきがけといえるが、史跡の法的な保護制度は、1919年(大正8年)制定の史蹟名勝天然紀念物保存法を待たなければならない。
- Although this was a forerunner event of the protection of cultural properties as historic sites, the protection of historic sites by a legal system had to await the establishment of the Historical Spot, Scenic Beauty, and Natural Monument Preservation Law of 1919.
- 地産地消が求められる中、酒米とともに、優良酵母の開発は地方自治体にとって地元産清酒の品質向上の、また地場産業建て直しの重要な鍵を握っているといえる。
- Amid the trend for local consumption of locally produced products, development of superior yeasts along with sakamai is the key factor for local municipalities to improve the local sake quality and reconstruct the local industries.
- 考え方を変えると、神道と仏教という二つの宗教が日本に存在したと捉えるのではなく、渾然一体となった宗教が一つあったと捉えるほうが自然であるともいえる。
- From another point of view, it is more natural to assume that in Japan one religion has been created through a harmonious combination of Shinto and Buddhism than to consider the two have existed separately.
- 討たれた家の者も、ともかくは面目を保て、時章の子や孫は家格は下がったとはいえ、幕府に一応の要職を得られ、その波紋を最小限に食い止めることが出来ている。
- The face of the family of the killed (Toshiaki) could be kept anyway, and Toshiaki's children and grandchildren were given certain important governmental posts, keeping the repercussions to a minimum, though their family statuses were lowered.
- そのため、10世紀後半の貴族社会において、承平天慶勲功者とその子孫は軍事に特化した家系、すなわち兵の家(つわもののいえ)として認知されるようになった。
- Therefore, in the noble society in the latter half of the 10th century, Johei Tengyo kunkosha and their descendants came to be recognized as family lines specialized in military affairs, that is, tsuwamono no ie (samurai families).
- したがって、上の発言は雪篷の側から見た主観的見解ともいえるが、雪篷は西郷が事の成否を省みずに義挙に出た精神を訴えたかったのだと理解するのも可であろう。
- Therefore, above remarks could be Seppo's subjective views, however it could be considered that Seppo wanted to tell Mitsuru about Saigo's spirit which had made him take the action for justice without thinking results.
- ただし、土御門家といえども幸徳井家と興福寺などの南都社寺との関係に直接干渉することは出来ず、南都社寺への日時勘申などは引き続き幸徳井家が担当している。
- However, even with their powerful influence, the TSUCHIMIKADO family was not able to interfere with the relationship between the KOTOKUI family and Nanto shrines like the Kofuku-ji Temple; therefore, the KOTOKUI family continued to oversee the Nichiji Kanjin (a way of divining something according to the time and day) to the Nanto shrines and temples among other tasks.
- だが、幕府には他人に髪を結わせるという行為が贅沢だと目をつけられてたびたび禁止令を出されていた(とはいえ耳を貸すような女性は皆無に等しかったのだが)。
- However, bakufu regarded the deed to have someone fix hairdo as luxury and often imposed the ban (still, little women listened).
- 多くの和菓子にいえることだが、隠し味として餡にごくわずかの塩を加えるか、ついたものを握るときに手を適度な塩水に浸してから握るとより一層甘味が引き立つ。
- Like other Japanese traditional sweets, an is seasoned with a very small amount of salt or mochi is shaped with a little salt water, since the salt is very effective in increasing the sweetness.
- これがと知れると、両名は幕府から切腹を命じられたが、家宣は「一時とはいえ、自分のために仕えてくれた家臣を助けてほしい」と助命を嘆願し、流罪に減刑された。
- When the accusation was proved groundless, the bakufu ordered the two to commit harakiri, but Ienobu pleaded with the bakufu to save their lives, saying that he would like to have them spared because they had served for him, although temporarily, and the sentence was reduced to banishment.
- 三島の戦後日本の精神的な死への憎悪と呪詛がこめられているように見えるが、どちらかといえば、憎悪と呪詛をモチーフとしながら、精緻な詩的作品を構築している。
- Although it looks as if Mishima showed his animosity towards the spiritual death of Japan in the postwar period and cursed it in his work, he uses this rather as a motif and constructs a subtle and minute poetic work.
- そして最終的に熱田神宮での祭祀が決まったために、その合理的な説明として、伊勢神宮からヤマトタケルの手を経て、尾張に剣が置かれることが語られたといえよう。
- Possibly, it was decided in the end that the religious rites would be conducted at the Atsuta-jingu Shrine, and the story of the sword, how it came from the Ise-jingu Shrine to be enshrined at Owari through the hands of Yamato Takeru, was told to give a reasonable explanation.
- ただし、成立に関していえば、第1類本である学習院大学図書館蔵本が源頼朝の死(正治元年・1199)に関する記事を含んでいるので、これ以降であることは確実。
- However, it is certain that the work was completed at least after 1199, when MINAMOTO no Yoritomo passed away, because the manuscript of the first edition which is owned by Gakushuin University Library contains an article concerning the death of Yoritomo.
- かつては割りに広く用いられていた真鍮製のもの江戸時代後期ともなると野暮と嫌われ、江戸住まいであれば貧しい家庭の婦女といえども身につけなかったといわれる。
- During the late Edo period, brass kanzashi, which was widely used up to then, became unpopular considered as unrefined products, and even women of poor families didn't wear such products as they lived in Edo.
- その伝統を受け継ぐ小笠原流は武家社会での礼式に則った射の流れを汲む流派であり、今日の弓道で「礼射系」といえば、小笠原流に由来する作法や射法のことをいう。
- The Ogasawara school inherited a shooting tradition based upon the code of etiquette from the Samurai world and the 'Reisha group' in today's Kyudo means the code or style of shooting originating from the Ogasawara school.
- しかし、漫談が聴衆に語りかける話法を用いるのに対し、落語は主として登場人物同士の対話によって話が進められてゆくことがひとつの大きな特徴といえるであろう。
- Mandan is in the style of a monologue, while rakugo is mostly occupied with the dialogue between several characters, which could be said to be the remarkable characteristic of rakugo.
- さらにいえば、日本の砲艦外交的姿勢は無論朝鮮の屈服を促すものであったが、同時に日本国内の「征韓論」を唱える不平士族の溜飲を下げることも狙ったものであった。
- Moreover, the gunboat diplomatic attitude of Japan was of course an attempt at urging Korea to submit, but at the same time it aimed to appease the complaints of the former samurai class who advocated the policy of conquering Korea by military force.
- 首班が議会(衆議院)に議席を持たないという意味ではやや条件を欠くが、軍部大臣以外を政党人によってかためたという点では、日本史上初の政党内閣であるといえる。
- Although the cabinet lacked the condition in the sense that the head seat did not have position in the diet (the House of Representatives), it was Japan's first party cabinet in terms of the fact that the cabinet members were not from the military but from political parties.
- 九条兼実が日記『玉葉』に「第一之珍事也」と記しているように、平氏以外の武士が公卿(従三位)となるのは異例で、頼政が清盛に信頼されていたことの証明といえる。
- As recorded in 'Gyokuyo' (Jewelled Leaves), Kanezane KUJO's diary, 'This was the first unusual occurrence,' and indeed for a warrior not of the Taira clan to be promoted into the ranks of Kugyo (Jusanmi) was quite unusual during this period, and proves the extent to which Kiyomori trusted Yorimasa.
- 清和源氏における「多田源氏」が指す一族の解釈は必ずしも定まったものではなく、今日に至るまで以下のような用い方が流布しているがいずれも誤りではないといえる。
- There are various interpretations on 'Tada-Genji' of Seiwa-Genji as follows today, and all interpretations have good reasons.
- とはいえ、後述のように信長に対しては複雑な感情を持っていたようであり、また秀吉・家康の天下人となった二人とも信長の元にいたことからその影響力が窺い知れる。
- However, as described later, it seems that he had a complicated feeling for Nobunaga, and Nobunaga's influence can be known from the fact that the two persons of Hideyoshi and Ieyasu, who became Tenkabito (the ruler of the nation), were once under Nobunaga.
- 「たとえ病で失ったとはいえ、親より頂いた片目を失ったのは不孝である」という政宗の考えから死後作られた木像や画にはやや右目を小さくして両目が入れられている。
- Those wooden statues and pictures of Masamune produced after his death were given both eyes, while the right eye was represented slightly smaller than the other; this was based on the thought of Masamune, 'my eyes were given by my parents, thus it is unfilial that I lost my right eye, even if the cause of that loss was an illness.'
- ただ第1回京都学生祭典においても、企画名称こそ異なれど、ほぼ同様の企画が実施されていたため、実質毎年開催されているといえる(※第2回京都学生祭典は除く)。
- However a very similar event was held during the first Kyoto Intercollegiate Festa under a different name, so it could be said that it has in fact been held every year (except for the second Kyoto Intercollegiate Festa.)
- 一時期より衰退したとはいえ、幕藩体制下では、幕府の伝馬朱印状を後ろ盾とした官製の遊行が行われ、時宗寺院のない地域も含む全国津々浦々に、遊行上人が回国した。
- Although it declined to some extent compared to the situation in a certain period, under the feudal system characteristic of the Shogunate, the official Yugyo supported by Tenma Shuinjo(Shogunate license) of bakufu was implemented and Yugyo-shonin traveled around provinces all over the country including the areas where there was no temple of the Ji sect.
- これを踏まえて火葬日本の火葬に立ち戻るなら、その儒教の国(唐)から渡来した仏教の僧道昭が、日本における火葬の嚆矢となったことは非常に興味深い事実といえる。
- Looking back to cremation in Japan, where cremation is widely practiced, it is very interesting that the Buddhist monk Dosho, who came to Japan from a Confucian country (Tang) played a pivotal role in the spread of cremation in Japan.
- 文明_(日本)元年(1469年)、順如は衰えたりとはいえ、依然として延暦寺に対抗するだけの勢力を有していた園城寺を説得して、大津南別所に顕証寺を建立する。
- In 1469, Junnyo persuaded the Onjo-ji Temple, which was declining in power but still strong enough to go against Enryaku-ji Temple, to build Kensho-ji Temple at Otsu Minami Bessho.
- 広大な領地と莫大な石高をもつ大名ならこれも何とかなるであろうが、一方の高家は家格は高いとはいえど所詮旗本に過ぎないので、わずかな領地と石高しかもっていない。
- If it was a feudal lord with large territories and a lot of koku, he would be able to manage; however, koke was only a hatamoto after all with limited territories and koku even though he had a high social status.
- 加えて、熊野参詣道といえば中辺路がまず想起される存在であることも手伝い、注目を浴びることの無かった小辺路は、やがて半ば「埋もれた熊野参詣路」となっていった。
- In addition, since Nakahechi was well known as a Kumano pilgrimage road and Kohechi did not draw much attention from the beginning, in the Showa era, Kohechi gradually became almost 'an unknown Kumano pilgrimage road'.
- これらは箏曲本来の気品と雅楽的な古雅さを備え、一方で音楽的にはより自由な展開をさせ、近代的ともいえる印象的描写性もみられ、よく独自のスタイルを確立している。
- These works had the grace of koto pieces and the traditional elegance of gagaku, while musically they allowed freer development and showed an almost modern impressive portrayal, establishing a distinctive style.
- 府中三人衆は柴田勝家の与力とはいえ、半ば独立した織田軍の遊撃軍的存在で、石山本願寺攻めや播磨国平定、荒木村重征伐などに援軍として駆り出されることが多かった。
- Although Fuchu sannin shu were the yoriki of Katsuie SHIBATA, they were a half independent flying column of Oda and often dispatched as reinforcement for the siege of Ishiyama Hongan-ji Temple, the stabilization of the Harima Province and the conquest of Murashige ARAKI.
- 具体的にいえば、まず体裁が五巻九篇、見開きの挿絵一枚の短篇が八つ、挿絵二枚の中篇(「蛇性の婬」)がひとつであるところは、まったく庭鐘の読本作品と同じである。
- For example, it consists of five volumes and has nine stories; each of the eight short-length stories has an illustration covering two facing pages, but one medium-length story includes two illustrations ('A Serpent's Lust'), which is the same as the yomihon work by Teisho.
- が、やがてそういった枠組みを受容するだけではなく、人間という中身も変革(雑誌のことばでいえば「民心の一新」)することを目指す啓蒙思想 (日本)が興ってきた。
- However, the enlightenment thought (Japan), which aimed not only to accept such schemes but also to reform people's mind (by the words in the bulletin, 'Refurbishing of people's mind'), soon appeared.
- 慶円(けいえん/きょうえん、保延6年(1140年) - 貞応2年1月27日 (旧暦)(1223年2月28日))は、鎌倉時代初期に神仏両部思想を確立した僧侶。
- Keien (also read as 'kyoen;' 1140 - February 28, 1223) was a priest who established Shinbutsu ryobu shiso (the idea of Dual-Shinto and Buddhism) during the early part of the Kamakura period.
- 驚きという感情は本人の認識と現実の格差からも生まれるものでもあり、その格差を自身の誤解と認めなければ、現実がおかしいと帰結したための、怪奇な現象ともいえる。
- The feelings of surprise which arise from the gap between the recognition and the reality, and it is also an unnatural phenomenon led by the conclusion that the reality was not right unless you don't recognize the gap came from your misunderstanding.
- 今体派と古体派が江戸時代における篆刻の二大潮流といえるが、その他にも水戸において立原杏所などの水戸派や頼春水などが中心となった文人学者の篆刻の流れも見られた。
- Other than the two major schools of tenkoku in the Edo period--the Kintai school and the Kotai school--there were the Mito school established by people such as Kyosho TACHIHARA and the trend of tenkoku by the literati such as Syunsui RAI.
- 永徳といえば『唐獅子図』や『檜図』のような雄大なスケールの豪快な作品(大画)がよく知られるが、細部を緻密に描写した「細画」もよくしたとされる(『本朝画史』)。
- Eitoku is known for his magnificent and bold paintings (called 'Taiga') such as 'Karajishi-zu Byobu' and 'Hinoki-zu' (Japanese cypress tree), but he is considered to have created 'Saiga' (detailed paintings) too (described in 'Honcho Gashi').
- それでは、酒垂れ歩合はつねに1.00よりも低い値をとるか、いいかえれば消費した籾米の石高よりも生産される酒の石高がつねに低いか、といえばそれもそうとは限らない。
- Despite this, it is not always true that sakedare percentage is constantly below 1.00. In other words, kokudaka of the sake to be produced is always lower than that of unhulled rice used.
- 『魏志倭人伝』のような実録が元となっている書物と、『記紀』や古系図のような後世の編纂物を、1対1で結び付けることは学問的に正しい方法といえないという立場である。
- It would be academically irresponsible to make a decision about Himiko based on a one-to-one correspondence between documents such as the Record of Japan in the History of Wei, the Kiki and old genealogies alone.
- この結果、10世紀後半の貴族社会において、承平天慶の乱の勲功者とその子孫たちは軍事に特化した家系、すなわち兵の家(つわもののいえ)として認知されるようになった。
- As a result, in aristocratic society of the later half of the 10th century, Johei Tengyo kunkosha and their descendants became known as families specialized in military affairs called tsuwamono-no-ie.
- 泰時は、世代交代期の混乱を防ぐため、叔父の北条時房を執権の補佐役といえる連署に当てるとともに、政治意思決定の合議機関である評定衆を設置し、集団指導体制を布いた。
- In order to prevent confusion during the transition of power to the next generation, Yasutoki appointed his uncle, Tokifusa HOJO, as rensho (assistant to the shikken), established the hyojoshu - a consulting institution for making political decisions - and founded the collective leadership system.
- つまり織田家はすでに信長の直接指揮から外れているため、信長自らが巨大な兵力をもつことは組織としての弊害が大きいといえる(信忠が大兵力をもつのであれば問題ない)。
- In other words, the Oda clan was already not under Nobunaga's direct control, therefore, if Nobunaga himself had a huge military force, it would have had a harmful influence on the organization (It was acceptable that Nobutada had a large military force).
- 今谷明は朝敵とは到底いえない持氏を対象とした治罰綸旨発給をしてもらうために南朝方であることから朝敵であることが確実な越智氏との連携を主張したものと推察している。
- Akira IMATANI infers that the reason why the shogunate claimed the cooperation between Mochiuji and the Ochi clan, who was on the Southern Court side and evidently an Emperor's enemy, was to get the Jibatsu Rinji against Mochiuji because Mochiuji was far from being called as Emperor's enemy.
- この背景にあるのは、「大衆」の〈共感〉が作品評価のベースになっていることであり、阪井久良伎が明治中興期に定義づけた「川柳は横の詩」ということに戻ったともいえる。
- This backdrop to this is that the 'empathy' of 'the masses' is the basis for the appraisal of a poem, which can be said to have returned to Kuraki SAKAI's definition during the restoration in the Meiji period that 'senryu is poetry that evokes empathy'.
- 現在までの研究ではそれは否定されるが、しかしそれは後世の編纂の有無に関してであり、原史料が比較的に生の形で残っているということについてまさしくその通りといえる。
- Studies conducted thus far have denied his opinion, as far as compiling the work itself for posterity is concerned, but it is accepted in that the virtually intact source material has survived.
- 2は後鳥羽院より藤原秀能まで、新古今期以降鎌倉時中期までの代表的歌人三十六人を挙げ、その秀歌を十首ずつ選んだものであり、通常「新三十六歌仙」といえばこれを指す。
- Generally speaking, 'new thirty-six major poets' refers to the latter ones which cover the representative thirty-six poets after Shin Kokin (New Collection of Ancient and Modern Poetry) until the middle of the Kamakura period such as Gotoba in and FUJIWARA no Hideyoshi/Hideto, and each poet's ten excellent poems were selected.
- 白隠は上記の他いくつかの伝説を採り上げ、偽経といえどもこれだけ霊験があるのだからと、人々に唱えることを推奨し、『延命十句観音経霊験記』をあらわしたため普及した。
- Other than the above, Hakuin also examined several other legends and recommended people to utter this scripture saying that although the scripture is gikyo, it has significant miraculous effects, and as such, with Hakuin's 'Enmei Jikku Kannongyo Reigenki' the scripture became popular.
- 東映映画のオープニングといえば3つの岩に荒波が打ち付け、三角形のロゴマークが飛びだすシーンが有名で、アニメ・ゲームやバラエティでしばしばパロディにされる事もある。
- The opening credits of Toei films where wild waves batter three rocks out of which the Toei triangular logo emerges are very famous in Japan, and they have been parodied in many animated video games and variety TV programs.
- 切れ者とはいえ当時中納言で太政官での序列が第6位でしかなかった良房ひとりが中心となってこのような事件を起こす(しかも上位者2人の排斥を含む)ことは不可能であった。
- Furthermore, considering Yoshifusa's post as Chunagon at the time; the sixth highest rank in the Daijokan (Grand Council of State), it is impossible for him to cause such an incident alone (notably, Yoshifusa expulsed two senior people) by taking a leading role, even if he was famous as an able person.
- 地理的には南部が桂川 (淀川水系)流域、北部が由良川流域であり、普段から交流も多い地域であるが、文化圏としては方言など多少の差異もあり、必ずしも単一とはいえない。
- Much interaction exists between its southern part, which is located along the Katsura-gawa River (Yodo-gawa River system) and its northern part, which is located along the Yura-gawa River, but it cannot be said that the area constitutes a single cultural area, due to the slight differences in dialect which exist between the two regions.
- このような受傷人骨の例は縄文時代にもないわけではないが、弥生時代には前代と比べて明らかに数が増加しており、縄文時代と比べて戦闘が頻繁に起こったことは確実といえる。
- There are these types of human bones with trauma from the Jomon period, however the number of cases clearly increased during the Yayoi period and definitely the battles were more frequent compared to the Jomon period.
- 初期の時代物映画や時代小説が、話の筋や芸術性よりも、派手で俗受けしやすい剣戟の場面を重視し、もっぱらそれのみへの興味によって制作されたところから来るものといえる。
- This is because the early historical movies and novels were produced only featuring flashy swordplay scenes that could be popular easily instead of focusing stories and artistic qualities.
- 薩軍主力が北方に転戦したため鎮台の守城負担は幾分減ったとはいえ、開戦前の出火で失った糧食の補充が充分でないため糧食不足に苦しみ、極力消費を抑えることでしのいでいた。
- After the main force of the Satsuma army was transferred to north, a burden on the garrison in defending the castle was reduced; however, since the provisions that lost in the fire before the battle had not been made up enough, the garrison had a problem of food shortage and had to stretch the food out by reducing the consumption as much as possible.
- 巨椋池(おぐらいけ)は、京都府の南部、現在の京都市伏見区、宇治市、久御山町にまたがる場所に、かつて存在した池である(規模からいえば池よりも「湖」の方がふさわしい)。
- Ogura-ike Pond used to exist in the southern part of Kyoto Prefecture, being encompassed by the present Fushimi Ward, Kyoto City, Uji City and Kumiyama-cho (although, considering its size, it would have been more appropriate to call it a lake).
- ただし、戦において落人が発生することは珍しいことではなく、まして西海に覇を唱え、大軍を擁しながらも大敗・滅亡した平家にとって多くの落人が発生したことは当然といえる。
- However, given the fact that a war usually creates many fugitives, it is natural to consider that many people of the Taira family became fugitives since the Taira family was defeated and collapsed though it held sway over the western part of Japan and held a large army.
- これまで、東大寺の僧といえば羂索堂衆だったところに、寺内の整備が完了する奈良時代の終りのころから、この戒壇院でも、鑑真の法脈を伝える僧が活動をはじめることとなった。
- Although the monks of Todai-ji Temple had been working at Kensaku-do, those who learned the Buddhist laws directly from Jianzhen started their activities also at this Kaidan-in, at the end of the Nara period, when the necessary facilities were completed in the precincts.
- その実態は1930年代に存在していた道路や畦道に基づく「机上の復元案」といえるものであるが、大宰府に条坊制による街区の存在を指摘し、学界に注意を喚起した功績は大きい。
- The actual state was 'a desk reconstruction plan' based on streets and causeways that existed in the 1930s, but its achievements to point out existence of city blocks in jobosei and to promote awareness of the academic society are significant.
- 改革の必要があったとはいえ、外様大名の父の圧力、およびそれまで政治的実権を有していなかった朝廷の圧力により改革を強要されたことは、幕府の権威に著しいダメージを与えた。
- Even though there was a need for reform, the fact that the reform was forced under the pressures from the father of a tozama daimyo as well as the imperial court that had had no real power in politics until that time gave a tremendous damage to the bakufu's authority.
- また古代の「物語」の傾向から看取できる概念と、近代になって輸入された「ナラティブ」・「ストーリー」といった「物語」と訳された概念の間にも、厳密には差があるといえよう。
- Strictly speaking, there is a difference between the underlying concepts found in ancient 'monogatari' and the concepts which were imported in modern times called a 'narrative' or 'story' in English but also translated as 'monogatari.'
- このことは、鎌倉権五郎景政が、義家の郎党としてこの合戦に参加していたからといって、景政やその兄弟一族である鎌倉党が、河内源氏の譜代の郎党とはいえないことを示している。
- This shows that even though KAMAKURA no Gongoro Kagemasa joined this war as Yoshiie's roto, Kagemasa and his family Kamakura Party were not necessarily hereditary roto of the Kawachi-Genji (Minamoto clan).
- 家の芸(いえの げい)とは、能・狂言・浄瑠璃・歌舞伎・歌舞伎舞踊・上方舞などの伝統芸能において、家元とみなされる家に代々相伝する、その家が特に得意としている芸や演目。
- Ie No Gei (literally, performance of a family) means performances or repertories of traditional performing arts such as Noh, Kyogen (farce played during a Noh play cycle), Joruri (Ballad drama), Kabuki, Kabuki Buyo (Kabuki Dance) and Kamigata mai dance, which have been passed down by the family recognized as the iemoto (the head family of a school) for generations, and especially the family has a good skill to perform them.
- 特に尺八や笛から影響を受けた曲が生まれ、それが更に三味線(地歌)に取り入れられたりすることもあったが、江戸時代後期に入るとやはり地歌に便乗する面が強くなったといえる。
- Occasionally, kokyu music, which was influenced mainly by the music of the shakuhachi and other Japanese flutes, further influenced the music of the shamisen (Jiuta), but from the later Edo period kokyu music also had a tendency to participate in Jiuta.
- また逮捕者十数名とはいえ、これは長らく、蘭学弾圧事件として捉えられてきたが、これは明治期の藤田茂吉『洋学東漸史』が、当時の自由民権運動との類推で事件を捉えたからである。
- This incident had been considered as a suppression of Western learning for a long time even though there were just more than a dozen arrestees, because 'Yogakutozenshi' written by Mokichi FUJITA in the Meiji period described this incident in relation with Movement for Liberty and People's Right by parity of reasoning.
- 桂が出させたものであるとはいえ、「公家は天皇の藩屏でなければならない」と信じる西園寺にとって、自分が率いる政友会が天皇の詔勅を無視したことは許されないという論理である。
- Although it was a forced announcement by Katsura, Saionji, who believed that former court nobles should be 'hanpei' (protectors of the emperor) even after the Meiji Restoration, insisted that he himself was responsible and unforgivable as the leader of the party for the Seiyukai's neglect of the edict.
- しかしこの先例は、国司・田堵負名の間の個人的な約定であるともいえたため、新たに赴任した受領が前任者の先例を無視して、規定どおりの租税を田堵負名らに賦課することもあった。
- However, since such precedents could have been merely a personal agreements between the kokushi and tato fumyo, a new zuryo could ignore the precedent made by his predecessor to impose a prescribed tax to the tato fumyo.
- 90年代後半ぐらいまで旅行ガイドから雄琴の名は意図的に退けられていたり、「琵琶湖の雄琴近隣で女性が泳ぐと妊娠する」といった荒唐無稽ともいえる風評まで飛び交うほどあった。
- Publishers of travel guidebooks intentionally avoided Ogoto from their books and an absurd rumor, said any women swim in Lake Biwa near Ogoto gets pregnant, was running rampant up until the late '90s.
- 天文に関する現象は国家の存亡に関わる重大な現象であると捉えられ、天文生といえども勝手に天文に関する図書を読むことが許されない程であった(「養老律令」雑令・秘書玄象条)。
- As phenomena related to tenmon were considered to significantly affect the fate of the country, even students of tenmon were not allowed to read books on tenmon freely ('Yororitsuryo' zoryo Hisho gensho jo).
- NHKは、2004年の年末、全話が終了し、総集編を放送したのち、山南が切腹する第33回「友の死」を「2004年アンコール」と題して再放送した(正確にいえば、再々放送)。
- NHK rebroadcasted (re-rebroadcasted to be exact) episode 33 'Friend's death' where Sannan committed Seppuku, entitled 'encore of 2004' after all episodes and omnibus were broadcast at the end of 2004.
- 代表作の「動植綵絵」(どうしょくさいえ、動植物を描いた彩色画の意)30幅は、鶏、鳳凰、草花、魚介類などが、さまざまな色彩と形態のアラベスクを織り成す、華麗な作品である。
- His famous work 'Doshoku Sai-e' (Pictures of the Colorful Realm of Living Beings) is a gorgeous collection of 30 paintings of fowls, a phoenix, plants and fish using a diverse arabesque of colors and shapes.
- たとえば教案というキリスト教が原因で発生する事件が、各地で頻発して中国側の地方官を苦悩させるようになり、それは海岸線から遠く離れた任地の地方官といえど例外ではなかった。
- For instance, incidents against Christianity called kyoan (教案) which put local officials in troubles frequently occurred in many places and even officials in remote place from coastline were troubled.
- しかし、刀狩や検地・兵農分離なども元々は織田政権化で進められていたものであり、このことから秀吉は少なくとも政策・戦略面では信長を模倣したからこそ天下を取れたともいえる。
- However, such policies as 'Katanagari', 'Kenchi' and the hierarchization to warrior and farmer were implemented under ODA administration originally, so that it might be said that Hideyoshi could unify Japan because he imitated Nobunaga at least in the aspect of policies and strategies.
- 卵黄に含まれる蛋白質に比べ、卵白のそれは栄養素としての質はやや劣るものの、卵かけご飯における栄養面の改善効果は黄身のみを用いる方法よりも、全卵を用いる方が高いといえる。
- Although the nutritional quality of proteins in the white is lower than those contained in the yolk, the nutritional effect of tamago kake gohan is higher with a whole egg than with a yolk only.
- さらには、一部の公家も限定的とはいえ、必ずしも自衛目的のみとは言えない軍事活動に自ら携わるなど、あらゆる階層を通じて、ある種の”力に対する信奉”があったことは注目される。
- It is noted that, in all social classes, there was a certain type of 'belief in power' as seen in the fact that, although it was in limited scale, certain court nobles were engaged in military activities which could not be deemed for self defense purpose only.
- 良沢が解体新書に自らの名を出さなかったのは、その翻訳の不備(とはいえ、当時の日本の語学水準からすれば、その翻訳は奇跡に近い完成度を誇っていた)を自らがよく解っております。
- Ryotaku did not put his name in Kaitai Shinsho as a translator and editor because he recognized that the translation quality was quite low (however, the translation quality was exceptionally high considering the language level in Japan of that time).
- また同書には、「桐野は廉潔剛胆百折不撓の人というべし。最も慈悲心あり。文識はなはだ乏し。自ら文盲を唱う。しかりといえども実務上すこぶる思慮深遠、有識者に勝れり」ともある。
- There was another description, reading as 'Kirino should be called a man of integrity, valiant and fearless with an unyielding spirit. He is the most merciful, but poorly educated and called himself an illiterate. But once he is in duty, he becomes an able commander with prudence, even superior to the learned person.'
- このように1905年7月から1910年までは日本の保護国であるとはいえ、そのまま相手国の切手が全体で使われたのは、他国で行われた保護国政策と比較すると異例なことであった。
- Although Korea was a protectorate of Japan between July 1905 and 1910, use of stamps of the suzerain in the mass was unusual compared to the protectorate policy practiced in other countries.
- しかし、従来の日本語的な解釈で『万葉集』を読むことを否定する論理的・合理的な根拠は全く存在せず、『万葉集』=古代朝鮮語とする説は、学術的には完全に破綻しているといえよう。
- However, there is no logical or rational ground for denying the conventional interpretation of the reading of the 'Manyoshu,' which means that the idea of taking the 'Manyoshu' as being derived from the ancient Korean language have technically collapsed.
- 現存する法隆寺西院伽藍(金堂含む)は、一度火災で焼失した後、7世紀末頃に再建されたものであることが定説となっているが、法隆寺金堂の中の扉が、一応現存する最古の扉といえる。
- It's generally believed that the existing Garan of Saiin (West Precinct) in the Horyu-ji Temple (including kondo - main hall of a temple) was once destroyed by fire and rebuilt around the end of the 7th century, and the door in kondo of the Horyu-ji Temple is supposed to be the oldest existing door.
- 鰻を食べるのが主流となったのは確固とした由緒由来が有るわけではなく、バレンタインデーのチョコレートや節分の恵方巻きなどと同様、現代でいうコマーシャリズムの産物といえよう。
- The custom became popular, but it has no certain history or origin and could be called the product of what we now call commercialism; like chocolate on St. Valentine's Day, or 'eho-maki' (rolled sushi that is said to bring luck when eaten in 'eho' [the lucky direction]) on 'Setsubun' (February 3).
- なお「自主の邦」と規定したとはいえ、清は冊封関係において従来から「属国自主」として内政・外交については関与しない立場をとっており、清の宗主権を否定しつくすものでもなかった。
- In addition, the treaty provided for an 'independent state,' but did not completely deny suzerainty of China, because Qing had the conventional stance of 'independence as a subject state'and was not involved in domestic and diplomatic affairs.
- 西郷軍の白兵戦が強かったのは、地の利が西郷軍にあったことと、幼い頃より刀剣に慣れ親しんでいた士族と、訓練されたとはいえ数年程度の徴集兵では錬度に雲泥の差があったからである。
- The reasons why Saigo's army was stronger in hand-to-hand fights are considered as follows: Saigo's army occupied a vantage ground, and there was a tremendous difference in the sword-handling ability between the warrior class, who had been familiar with handling swords, and the conscripted soldiers, who had had only a few years of sword-handling training.
- 兼盛といえば、「天徳内裏歌合」における壬生忠見との対決(この時の歌が百人一首にも取られた「しのぶれど色にいでにけりわが恋は物や思ふと人のとふまで」である)が一番有名である。
- Kanemori is best known for his poem composed in the 'Tentoku Dairi Uta-awase,' in which he had a match with MIBU no Tadami. (The poem was chosen for Hyakunin Isshu (one hundred waka poems by one hundred poets): 'Though I try to hide it, my deep love shows in the blush on my face, and people ask me 'Who are you thinking of?')
- 日蓮宗はその開教以降、幾多の宗派に分派したが、その中でも日蓮宗の祖山とされる身延山久遠寺は武家の帰依者が多く、幕府統治下で勢力を拡大し、日蓮宗の総元締といえるほどとなった。
- Nichiren Sect separated into many religious schools after the beginning of the religion, and one of them is called Kuon-ji Temple on Mt. Minobu, sozan (the mountain of the foundation) Nichiren Sect, where there are many believers from samurai families, and they strengthened their power under the bakufu government and came to control the whole Nichiren Sect.
- しかし、この涅槃経の記述は、あくまでも、あらゆる経典の中で涅槃経が最も最後であり優れたものである、ということを説いたもので、厳密にいえば、そこに法華経の名称は見当たらない。
- However, the above description of Nehan-gyo Sutra solely advocates that Nehan-gyo Sutra is the ultimate and supreme sutra among all sutras and strictly speaking, Hoke-kyo Sutra does not appear in this description.
- その歴史を通しで見ると、会所のあり方、語の用法は多様であり、一概にこういうものである、とはいいがたいが、ひとついえるのは、そこは、人々が寄り集う場であった、ということである。
- By looking through out its history, there were various uses of the word kaisho, but one thing that could be said was that it was a place where people gathered.
- 北畠 顕家(きたばたけ あきいえ、文保2年(1318年) - 延元3年/建武 (日本)5年5月22日 (旧暦)(1338年6月10日))は、南北朝時代 (日本)の公家である。
- Akiie KITABATAKE (1318 - June 10, 1338) was a court noble during the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
- 時代が下って鹿児島県の城山公園に建てられた銅像が、陸軍大将の正装で直立不動の姿勢であるのは、西郷の名誉回復という観点からすれば、未亡人が本来期待した銅像の姿に近いといえよう。
- The times changed, and the statue that was erected at Shiroyama Park in Kagoshima Prefecture portrays him standing at attention in the full dress of a full general, which is the statue that his wife was originally expected to see from the point of view of the restoration of Saigo's Honor.
- 現代においては「信長の寵愛した近習といえばまず第一に森蘭丸」と思われがちだが、当時の諸国や畿内政界においては「森乱」はまだまだ認知されておらず、大きな仕事も任されてはいない。
- Today people tend to think that 'when Nobunaga's favorite kinshu (attendant) is mentioned, first comes Ranmaru MORI who also known as 'Mori Ran''; however, in those days he had not yet been acknowledged within various districts nor the Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara), nor had he been given any big assignment.
- それはどちらかといえば東アジア諸国家対西欧(文明)に比重をおいて説明してきたが、以下では近代東アジア世界全体に及ぼした影響、あるいは東アジア諸国間に生じた問題について触れる。
- Therefore much weight was put in the explanations of conflict between East Asian nations and Western Europe (Civilization), but hereinafter influences in whole modern East Asia and issues in East Asian countries will be described.
- そのため、アマチュアでありながらネット上で多数のファンを獲得し、その実力を買われてゲーム原画師や漫画家、イラストレーターとして採用される、逆転現象といえる事例も多く発生した。
- Consequently, there have been many cases of a so-called opposite phenomenon whereby some amateurs are appreciated and engaged as video game lead animators, cartoonists, or as illustrators, according to the reality that they have obtained a large number of fans through websites.
- こうしたことから奉公衆とはいえ一般の番衆とは区別され、書札礼では「小笠原殿のことは、弓馬師範たる間、如何にも賞翫にて恐惶謹言と書く事、可然也」(『大舘常興書札抄』)とされた。
- Because of those, it was distinguished from ordinary banshu (guards) though it was hokoshu, and in Shosatsurei (Remarks on the Concept of Epistolary Etiquette) it was written 'it is natural that I humbly write about Mr. Ogasawara with appreciation while they are serving as the position of the master of kyuba' ('Odachijoko shosatsusho').
- 徳川家康の影武者説(とくがわいえやすのかげむしゃせつ)、は江戸幕府を開いた徳川家康の生涯は通説で考えられているものと異なり、人生のいずれかの段階で別人と入れ替わったという俗説。
- Although it is commonly believed that Ieyasu TOKUGAWA founded the Edo shogunate, there is another theory that suggests an imposter took the place of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA at some stage of his life.
- これらの諸勢力を抑えて国政の主導権を確保するため、白河は自らの手足である院近臣や親衛隊ともいえる北面武士を、受領・太政官・兵衛府・衛門府などの公的機関に強引に送り込んでいった。
- To suppress such opposition and maintain initiative in the national government, Shirakawa forcibly sent members of the Hokumen no bushi (northern guards), who were his close aids and royal guard, into official positions such as Zuryo (career provincial officials), Daijokan (council of state), Hyoefu (military guards), and Emonfu (outer palace guards).
- それでは、京の周辺ではどうだったかといえば、白河天皇の時代の北面武士のを代表する源季範、源季実、源近康ら文徳源氏は、摂関家領河内国古志郡坂門牧を本拠とし、坂戸源氏とも呼ばれた。
- As a result, MINAMOTO no Suenori, MINAMOTO no Suezane, MINAMOTO no Chikayasu of Montoku-Genji (Minamoto clan) that represented northern bushi of the period of Emperor Shirakawa surrounded Kyoto, and made their main headquarters in Sakamonnomaki, Koshi County, Kawachi Province of the regent family estate, and called as Sakado-Genji (Minamoto clan).
- この古生層の山河からは、美しい庭石と白砂がとれたがこうした自然環境は樹木・石・水・砂など良質の作庭材料を供給し、地形からも材料からも、庭園をつくるのに好適の地であったといえる。
- While from the mountains and rivers of the Paleozoic strata, beautiful garden stones and white sand were obtained, a natural environment like this could provide high quality gardening materials such as trees, stones, water, and sand, and the Heian-kyo was an ideal place for gardening because of its topography and available materials.
- なお、法隆寺金堂壁画についてはしばしば「焼失した」と表現されているが、後述のように、オリジナルの壁画は黒こげになったとはいえ現存しているので、「焼損した」とするのが妥当である。
- Additionally, although the murals of the Kondo of Horyu-ji Temple are often said as 'lost by fire,' the charred murals do exist today as following mentioned and it is appropriated to express them as 'damaged by fire.'
- また、名古屋大学名誉教授の安川寿之輔は、初期の福澤の思想にも国権論的立場を見出し得るのであるから、「脱亜論」がそれ以前の福澤の考えと比較して特段異なるものとはいえないと指摘する。
- Also, Junosuke YASUKAWA, a professor emeritus at Nagoya University said that, because Fukuzawa's national power perspective can be detected in his earlier thoughts, the 'Datsu-A Ron' was no different from what he had said before.
- さらに、火縄銃など火器類の流入は、従来、非常時には徴発によってかなりの部分を賄いえていた軍需物資に、火薬など大量消費型の品々を加えることになり、ロジスティクスの重要性が高まった。
- In addition, inflow of firearms such as the matchlock caused an increase of mass-consumption type items such as gun powder to munitions materials, a certain part of which could be procured by commandeering in an emergency, increasing the importance of logistics.
- もともとは造り酒屋から始まった酒屋であっても、酒で財を成したとはいえ、原業の醸造業は衰滅してしまい、残った財を資本として他の業種に乗り出していき、さらに成長していった酒屋もある。
- When a tsukuri-zakaya accumulated wealth through sake business, it could happen that the sakaya started other types of business and became more wealthy, although the original sake business declined.
- 三方ヶ原の戦いで三河武士が背を向けず死んで行ったという俗説をはじめ、吉信、鳥居元忠らの盲目的ともいえる三河武士たちの忠節ぶりは敵から『犬のように忠実』と言われた(『葉隠覚書』)。
- There was a popular view that Samurai in Mikawa were killed without showing their backs to the enemies in the Battle of Mikatagahara, and furthermore, it is also recorded (in 'Hagakure-oboegaki' (a memorandum on Bushido)) that the blind faithfulness of samurai in Mikawa, including Yoshinobu and Mototada TORII, was called by the enemies 'dog-like faithfulness.'
- 近衛 家熙(このえ いえひろ、寛文7年6月4日 (旧暦)(1667年7月24日) - 元文元年10月3日 (旧暦)(1736年11月5日))は、江戸時代前、中期の公家、摂政関白。
- Iehiro KONOE (July 24, 1667 - November 5, 1736) was a court noble, who lived in early to mid Edo period, and assumed the position of Sessho (regent) and Kanpaku (the chief adviser to the Emperor).
- 藤堂 式部 家信(とうどう しきぶ いえのぶ)、天正6年(1578年) - 寛永13年2月19日 (旧暦)(1636年3月26日))は安土桃山時代から江戸時代前期の藤堂氏の家臣。
- Ienobu Shikibu TODO (1578 - March 26, 1636) was a vassal of the Todo clan over the period ranging from the Azuchi- Momoyama period to the early Edo period.
- 伊藤の建議どおり当時欧米では金本位制が主流になりつつあったとはいえ、清をはじめアジア諸国は依然として銀主体の経済圏であり、また対外交易でも洋銀(メキシコドル銀貨)が通用していた。
- As ITO's proposal, though the gold standard system was becoming a mainstream in Europe and the United States at that time, Asian countries including Qing were still a silver-oriented economic area and nickel silver (Mexican dollar silver coin) was used for foreign trade.
- しかし『康富記』の内容から、現存する貞和版『後三年合戦絵詞』は、源義家に関わる説話の増補が想定されるとはいえ、基本的には承安版『後三年絵』とほぼ一致しているはずだと見られている。
- However, judging from the descriptions of 'Yasutomi-ki,' it is regarded that the existing 'Gosannen Kassen Ekotoba' in the Jowa edition should basically correspond to 'Gosannen-e' in the Joan edition although the tales on MINAMOTO no Yoshiie might be expanded.
- 「法隆寺金堂の壁画」といえば、金堂外陣(げじん)の土壁に描かれていた12面の壁画を指すことが多いが、これらの他に内陣小壁の飛天の壁画20面と、外陣小壁の山中羅漢図18面があった。
- The murals in the Kondo of Horyu-ji Temple' often refers to the 12 murals on the mud walls of the Kondo gejin (part of the main sanctuary outside the innermost sanctum of a shrine), however, there were additional murals as follows: 20 murals of Hiten (a flying Apsaras, a flying Buddhist angel playing music) on kokabe (the wall between the kamoi [a generic term for a head jamb, normally have tracks for sliding doors or partitions] and the ceiling) of the naijin (inner sanctuary of a shrine or temple), and 18 murals of Sanchu Rakan zu (painting of Arhat in mountain) on the kokabe of the gejin.
- 境内社や小祠に用いられる様式で、流造や春日造の階を省略して棚を付けた見世棚造という小型社殿形式があるが、これは省略形というよりはむしろ神社建築の原形に近いともいえるかもしれない。
- Misedana-zukuri, a small pavillion style, which is characterized by the absence of steps that are present in nagare-zukuri and kasuga-zukuri, and by the presence of a shelf instead; the misedana-zukuri probably is closer to the original form of shrine architecture rather than being a simplified version of a normal size shrine building.
- また、上杉氏も謙信没後は養子の上杉景勝が継いだが、景勝は信長の敵ではなく、また御館の乱という御家騒動から勢力が減退したため、謙信死去により、信長の天下布武はさらに前進したといえる。
- After Kenshin's death, the Uesugi Clan was headed by his adopted son, Kagekatsu UESUGI, who was no threat to Nobunaga, and their power declined due to family trouble called the Otate War, therefore it can be said that the death of Kenshin facilitated Nobunaga's Tenka-fubu (a slogan meaning that the samurai rules the whole world).
- だが、同書は注釈部分が全部で約2,800字であり、鄭玄注釈の約2,000字よりは多いものの、孔安国注釈の約8,800字よりは遥かに少なく注釈書として決して十分なものといえなかった。
- Although the commentary of this edition had 2,800 characters in total, and had more than Teigen's 2,000 characters, it was much fewer than Ko Ankoku's, which was about 8,800 characters, and was far from being an adequate commentary.
- また「まり投げて見たき広場や春の草」「九つの人九つの場をしめてベースボールの始まらんとす」などと野球に関係のある句や歌を詠むなどしており、文学を通じて野球の普及に貢献したといえる。
- He also composed haiku and tanka that were related to yakyu, such as 'Throw a ball in an open space To see spring grass in the field', 'Nine players take up positions, The ball game is about to begin', and contributed to spreading baseball in Japan.
- ただし、このような一連の暴虐ともいえる行為は、長慶没後の畿内では諸大名の分裂による勢力分散化が進んでいたため、久秀が畿内で覇権を握るためにはやむを得ない行為であったともされている。
- It can be said, however, that Hisahide had to commit such a series of violent acts to control Kinai, where Nagayoshi's death brought in a schism into the feudal lords and encouraged the decentralization of power.
- 藤原 長家(ふじわら の ながいえ、寛弘2年8月20日 (旧暦)(1005年9月26日) - 康平7年11月9日 (旧暦)(1064年12月19日))は、平安時代中期の公卿・歌人。
- FUJIWARA no Nagaie (October 2, 1005 - December 25, 1064) was a court noble and a kajin (waka poet) in the end of the Heian period.
- 白拍子を舞う女性たちは遊女とはいえ貴族の屋敷に出入りすることも多かったため、見識の高い人が多く、平清盛の愛妾となった祇王や仏御前、源義経の愛妾静御前など貴紳に愛された白拍子も多い。
- Even though women who danced shirabyoshi were prostitutes, because they often visited noblemen's residences, they were often discerning people, they were often shirabyoshi who were loved by some men of high social position and great fame; examples include Gio and Hotoke-gozen, who were much-loved mistresses of TAIRA no Kiyomori, and Shizuka-gozen, who was the much-loved mistress of MINAMOTO no Yoshitsune.
- 福知山線や山陰本線は、国内有数の軍港である舞鶴港と京阪神をつなぐ鉄道として軍事的理由によって整備促進されたという側面もあり、その中継地点である福知山は軍事都市としても栄えたといえる。
- Because the Fukuchiyama Line and the Sanin Main Line were developed and promoted for military reasons as railroads connecting Maizuru Port, one of the best military port in Japan, to Keihanshin, Fukuchiyama, a connecting point of these Lines, also flourished as a military city.
- 近衛家久(このえいえひさ 貞享4年5月8日 (旧暦)(1687年6月17日) - 元文2年8月17日 (旧暦)(1737年9月11日))は、江戸時代中期の公家・公卿、関白、太政大臣。
- Iehisa KONOE (June 17, 1687-September 11, 1737) was a Court noble, peer and official of the highest rank, Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor), and Daijo-daijin (Grand minister of state) in the mid-Edo period.
- が内容的には、その名を冠された歌人以外の作品も含まれるなど不備は多いものの、和歌が撰集形式ではなく、個人の著作物として鑑賞される機運が高まってきたことを示す重要な事例であるといえる。
- Although there were discrepancies such as poets not originally named in the title appearing within the kashu, it could be interpreted as an important example of the shift in the readers' interest from reading anthologies to reading works of individual poets.
- しかしながら江戸時代には贅沢を禁止したお触れが度々発令されており(武家や町人を対象にした「女中衣類直段之定」は寛文3年発令)、贅沢品の取締りから逃れるためという理由もあったといえる。
- However, in view of the fact instructions prohibiting extravagance were often issued during the Edo period ('Jochu irui jikidan no sadame,' which targeted samurai and chonin or town people, was issued during the third year of the Kanbun era), it may be said that these types of products were produced in order to evade the crackdown on luxury goods.
- また、食器として箸の他に鎌倉時代以降は衰退する匙(スプーン)が存在し、各料理を盛りつけた容器の大きさがほぼ同じで料理の序列が判然としていない点も後の時代の料理とは異なる特徴といえる。
- Chopsticks and spoons were used, although they declined in use after the Kamakura period, and all plates and bowls were almost same size and the order of foods was not clear, which was characteristic of this style.
- 商売人といっても、祭礼時などは町鳶、町大工などの冠婚葬祭の互助活動と同じで、いわゆる寺社普請と呼ばれる相互扶助の一環でもあり、支払われるお金も代金ではなく祝儀不祝儀であるともいえる。
- Although they are referred to as merchants, they are similar to the cooperatives formed for ceremonial occasions such as scaffolding men or carpenters, and are part of the mutual assistance known as jisha fushin (to making efforts for the construction of temples and shrines), were not paid but rather given money as a gift.
- (朝鮮・韓国における日本起源否定の流れの一つに)別冊BUBKA2006年7月号33ページに「焼肉」の起源は日本であるが、日本発祥といえども始めたのは朝鮮人であるという説が掲載された。
- On page 33 of the July 2006 supplement edition of the magazine called BUBKA, it is stated (as one of a wave of denials in Korea of a Japanese origin) that 'Yakiniku' originated in Japan but even though its place of origin can said to be Japan, it was Korean residents of Japan who actually created it.
- しかし宗務院録事にも創価学会の組織結成を許可した事実が記載されていないため、日蓮正宗と創価学会は一致派日蓮宗と立正佼成会の関係と同じで、正規の信徒団体とはいえないとも指摘されている。
- However, in the records of Shumuin Propagation Hall, there is no record of the approval for Soka Gakkai to establish its organization, and the relationship between Nichiren Shoshu Sect and Soka Gakkai is the same as that between Itchi School of Nichiren Sect and Rissho Koseikai (Buddhist organization founded by Nikkyo NIWANO and Myoko NAGANUMA), and some people said that Soka Gakkai was not an official believers group after all.
- 逆にいえば、近代的な工程を加えた製法では、たとえ多少の不健全醗酵をしても、その酒蔵の方針によっては、あとで他の工程を付加することにより酒質を微調整できる余地もある、ということである。
- Conversely, in case of a production method including modern processes, even if the fermentation is somewhat unnatural, there is room to make minor adjustments by including other processes based on the policies of the sake breweries.
- この一連の出来事は蛮社の獄と呼ばれ、近年までは江戸時代における一大思想弾圧事件として取り扱われていたが、上述のように実態は鳥居による政敵とみなされた者への排除のための冤罪事件といえる。
- The series of incidents is called Bansha no goku (Imprisonment of scholars of Western learning), which has been, until recent years, treated as an important event to crack down on thought during the Edo period, but in fact, it can be said that it was an incident of a false charge to exclude people regarded as political enemies, caused by Yozo TORII as mentioned above.
- 1910年になるまで朝鮮語に翻訳されたものは刊行されなかったが、日本がすぐ反応して多くの読者を獲得し、同時に翻刻・和訳・注釈と様々なバージョンが生み出されていったのとは好対照といえる。
- Until 1910 there was no Korean translated version and the fact is opposite to Japan, where people quickly responded to the new thoughts, many became readers of the book and various versions such as reprint, translated and with translator's notes came out.
- スルメといえば現在では基本的にイカの乾燥させたものを指すが、墨を吐く群を「墨群(すみむれ)」と呼んでいたところから転訛したという説があり、かつては乾燥させたタコもスルメと呼ばれていた。
- Today, surume basically means dried squid but there is an opinion that it is a corrupted pronunciation of 'sumimure,' which once was a generic term for schools of ink-spurting creatures and dried octopus used to be referred to as surume as well.
- また、灌頂が古代インドの国王即位の儀式に源流があるとはいえ、密教の教義に基づく印明伝授と実修からなる即位灌頂は、古代インドで行われていた儀式とは思想的にも内容的にも異なったものである。
- Although kanjo originated from the ritual of enthronement of the king in Ancient India, sokuikanjo consisting of inmyodenju and practice based upon the creed of Esoteric Buddhism is different from the ritual in Ancient India with regard to philosophy and content.
- 以後、元老・山縣有朋に支えられた桂と元老・伊藤博文に支えられた西園寺が交互に首班となって組閣したことから、の日露戦争後から、の大正二年の政変までの時期を桂園時代(けいえんじだい)と呼ぶ。
- Thereafter, the time from the end of Russo-Japanese war and the coup in 1913 was called 'Kei-En era' (Katsura-Saionji era): Katsura, supported by Aritomo YAMAGATA, a Genro and Saionji, supported by Hirobumi ITO, another Genro, took turns becoming a Prime Minister and forming his cabinet.
- しかし、増派軍を加えたとはいえ、堺に鎮座する足利義維を守るための戦力を半数以上も割かねばならぬ為、純粋に高国軍と対峙するには少なく、元長の手腕に依存するところが大きかった(中嶋の戦い)。
- However, even though they got reinforcements, the Sakaikubo army needed to spare more than half of its troops to protect Yoshitsuna ASHIKAGA who located in Sakai, so the number of the troops was not really enough to face the Takakuni army, and in consequence, the Sakaikubo army relied much on the ability of Motonaga (the Battle of Nakajima).
- 畠山満家(はたけやま みついえ、1372年(文中元年/応安5年)- 1433年10月31日(永享5年9月19日 (旧暦)))は、南北朝時代 (日本)から室町時代にかけての守護大名・管領。
- Mitsuie HATAKEYAMA (1372 - October 31, 1433) was a shugo daimyo (shugo, which were Japanese provincial military governors, that became daimyo, which were Japanese feudal lords) and a kanrei (shogunal deputy) in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts and the Muromachi period.
- 前田 利家(まえだ としいえ、天文7年12月25日(1539年1月15日)-慶長4年閏3月3日(1599年4月27日))は、戦国時代(室町時代後期)から安土桃山時代にかけての武将、大名。
- Toshiie MAEDA (前田 利家, January 25, 1539 - April 27, 1599) was a busho (Japanese military commander) and daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) from the Sengoku period (period of warring states) (the late Muromachi period) to the Azuchi-Momoyama period.
- 『源氏物語』の原文は専門的な教育なしには現代日本人にとってかなり難しいもので、瀬戸内寂聴の訳したものが近年ベストセラーになったように、むしろ現代語訳で親しんでいる人のほうが多いといえる。
- The original text of 'The Tale of Genji' is very difficult for present-day Japanese people to read without special education, so it can be said that many people are more familiar with modern translations such as the best-selling work by Jakucho SETOUCHI.
- ぽっくり(こっぽりとも、京都では「おこぼ」)の下駄にだらりの帯、という派手な格好もあるせいで、現在ではむしろ芸妓(芸子)よりも舞妓のほうが上方花街の代表的存在であるといえるかもしれない。
- Since Maiko wear gaudy costumes such as Pokkuri (Koppori or 'Okobo' in Kyoto, girl's lacquered wooden clogs) and darari no obi, it could be said that Maiko is a more representative figure at red-light districts in Kyoto and vicinity, rather than geisha.
- 胡麻を、舌触りが滑らかになるまで肌理細かく擂るのは大変に手間のかかる作業だが、家庭で作るならば市販の練りゴマを使い、葛粉は片栗粉(とはいえ大半はジャガイモでんぷんだが)で代用すればよい。
- Grinding sesame seeds sufficiently to achieve a silky smooth, soft texture is time consuming, so for home-made goma-dofu, sesame pastes sold in stores can be used instead of grinding the sesame seeds yourself, and potato starch can be used instead of kuzu starch.
- しかし日本では鎌倉幕府が滅び朝廷が分裂する中で治安が悪化、倭寇が出没するようになり貿易船を襲うなど海賊行為が横行し、社会不安や行政機能の停滞などもあって、貿易は円滑なものとはいえなかった。
- However, in Japan, since the social security had declined when the Kamakura bakufu was ruined and the Imperial Court was divided, the piracy by wako (Japanese Pirates) was rampant and the trade with China didn't carry on smoothly because of the social security worsening and public administration stagnating.
- 逆に、広島以外で広島風お好み焼きといえば、字義通り広島風のスタイルを取り入れた生地の厚いタイプ、あるいは「広島風お好みピザ」に近いものであることが多く、広島人の期待は裏切られることが多い。
- On the contrary, except in Hiroshima, Hiroshimafu-okonomiyaki often refers to the one that literally incorporates the Hiroshima style and where the dough is thick or the one which is similar to 'hiroshimafu-okonomi pizza' (Hiroshima-style savory pancake with various ingredients) and many people in Hiroshima are disappointed.
- 蓮如上人は『御文(御文章)』の第一帖の第九通に「つぎに、物忌(ぶっき)ということは、わが流には仏法についてものいまわぬといえることなり。」と言われ、浄土真宗が物忌みをしないことを示される。
- In chapter ninth of volume one in 'Ofumi' (Gobunsho), Rennyo Shonin stated that monoimi should not be conducted in Jodo Shinshu Sect saying 'next, regarding monoimi, our sect does not abstain from anything based on the doctrine of Buddhism.'
- とはいえ、末期養子の認可のためには、幕府から派遣された役人が直接当主の生存と養子縁組の意思を確かめる判元見届(はんもとみとどけ)という手続きが必要であり、無制限に認められたわけではなかった。
- However, even after the lifting of a ban, for Matsugo yoshi to be given approval, the procedure of 'Hanmoto Mitodoke', in which the family head was confirmed as alive and his will for adoption was certified by a bakufu official, had to be carried out, which made it not always as straightforward as it could have been.
- 一説には光秀の墓のある坂本の西教寺に、秀満の墓がなく、過去帳に名前もないこと、あるいは、坂本城で確実に死んだといえる人物がいないことから、秀満が坂本城で自害したとするのには疑問があるとする。
- Some doubt that Hidemitsu killed himself in the Sakamoto-jo Castle because there is no his grave in the Saikyo-ji Temple in Sakamoto where Mitsuhide's grave is found, and his name is not found in Kakocho (a family register of deaths), or nobody witnessed Hidemitsu's death.
- このとき鋳造されたとされるものが、いわゆる二水永(にすいえい)と呼ばれる「永」字の上部が「二」に見えるものであり、背(裏面)下部には「三」と鋳込まれ、鋳造年の「寛永三年」を意味するといわれる。
- The coin which is thought to have been minted around this time was a so-called Nisuiei because the top part of letter '永' looked like '二' (ni), and it is believed that a letter of '三' (three) marked at the bottom on the reverse side indicated the 'third year of Kanei era,' the year it was minted.
- この『三宅氏正伝記』は、児島高徳の研究に於いて重要、且つ貴重な資料とされる家伝書であるが、これらが正確かといえば、資料自体の正当性の点から疑問符が残るため、やはり生没年は不詳とせざるを得ない。
- This 'The Biography of the Miyake Clan' is an important and rare family book to studies of Takanori KOJIMA, but whether it is accurate or not is still questionable from the point of the rightness of this material itself; therefore the dates of his birth and death should remain as unknown.
- 京都の舞妓のようにプライベートまでしっかりとしたきめごとはなく、仕事後は鬘(かつら)をとり茶髪の今風の姿になり服装や行動も自由であるため、儀作法の徹底不足や意識の低さは会社組織の短所といえる。
- Unlike Maiko in Kyoto who are under the strict rules to abide by even with matters that happens during their private time, the Ryuto geisha have no dress code nor codes of conduct that apply to them after work and once their wigs are off, the Ryuto geisha go about in their colored hair and modern clothes which seems to contribute to their insufficient observance of good behavior and poor level of pride in their job highlighting the disadvantage of the company system to operate the geisha service.
- 最も一般的な形式は池泉回遊式庭園(ちせんかいゆうしきていえん)と呼ばれるもので、大きな池を中心に配し、その周囲に園路を巡らして、築山、池中に設けた小島、橋、名石などで各地の景勝などを再現した。
- The most typical such gardens are called Chisen Kaiyu style gardens, in which a big pond is placed at the center, walking paths are provided around the pond, and the landscape, for example, of a scenic spot was reproduced with tsukiyama (artificial miniature hills), small islands in the pond, bridges and beautiful stones.
- はっきり定着しているといえる地域としては、東は呉市・東広島市周辺まで、北は広島市安佐北区・北広島町周辺まで、西は廿日市市・大竹市まで、南は広島湾に浮かぶ江田島市や安芸灘の島々までが挙げられる。
- The areas which bon toro can surely be said to have taken root are, in the east, Kure City and around Higashi Hiroshima City; in the north, Asakita Ward of Hiroshima City and around Kitahiroshima-cho; in the west, Hatsukaichi City and Otake City, and in the south, Etajima City on Etajima Island in Hiroshima Bay and islands in the Sea of Aki.
- 伏見宮邦家親王(ふしみのみや くにいえしんのう、享和2年10月24日 (旧暦)(1802年11月19日) - 明治5年8月5日 (旧暦)(1872年9月7日))は、江戸時代、幕末の日本の皇族。
- Imperial Prince Fushiminomiya Kuniie (November 19, 1802 - September 7, 1872) was a member of the Imperial family at the end of Edo Period in Japan.
- 石山合戦の際に討伐に4年もかかった件については相手に鉄砲が多く力攻めが無理であり調略のきかない本願寺勢であること、海上封鎖ができず海から本願寺に兵糧を運びこめたことを考えれば致し方ないといえる。
- The four years it took for subjugation in the Ishiyama War was never too long when we consider that a forcible attack could not be carried out because the enemy owned many guns, that stratagems were ineffective on the army of Hongan-ji Temple, and that the enemy could carry army provisions into Hongan-ji Temple from the sea, which could not be blockaded.
- 最澄が『守護国界章』で徳一を「麁食者」「北轅者」と呼んだのはこれに呼応するものであり、互いに自宗派の存在意義をかけた真剣な論争であったがゆえに、ともに中傷めいた表現までもが用いられたともいえる。
- In response to this, Saicho called Tokuitsu 'sojikisha' and 'hokuensha' in 'Shugo-kokkai-sho' and it was a serious dispute which called into question their raison d'etre as a religious sect, resulting in a smear campaign by both sides.
- 地方町村部では場所により昭和に入る頃まで明かりといえば菜種油で行灯を灯し、郵便や電信など西洋化の恩恵は中々届かず、また長らく江戸後期の伝統や風習が続くなど、生活の変化は遥かに緩やかなものであった。
- In rural conditions of local towns and villages, the transition of the lifestyle was much more gradual and slow as the tradition and customs of the late Edo period lasted far longer; people in some area used paper-shaded lamp using rapeseed oil until the beginning of Showa period, and the benefit of those new Western systems such as a new postal service and telegraph communication were not effectively introduced and utilized until much later years.
- この他、鉄・銅・真鍮などの金属や石炭、繰綿(綿花から綿実を除去したもの)・木綿・生糸などの衣料原料、青莚(せいえん・あおむしろ、シチトウで作る畳)、茶・タバコなどの嗜好品も対象となる場合もあった。
- In addition, the objects of monopolization also included such metals as iron, copper, brass, coal, clothing materials such as deseeded cotton (cotton wool with its seeds removed), cotton, and raw silk, Seien (blue mat, mate made from cyperus), goods of taste such as tea and tobacco.
- 徳川 家宣(とくがわ いえのぶ)は江戸幕府第6代征夷大将軍である(在職:宝永6年5月1日 (旧暦)(1709年6月8日) - 正徳 (日本)2年10月14日 (旧暦)(1712年11月12日))。
- Ienobu TOKUGAWA was the sixth seii taishogun (literally, 'great general who subdues the barbarians') of the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and took office from June 8, 1709 to November 12, 1712.
- これは極端なことをいえば「三重県産茶葉のみ」でも京都府内で仕上げ加工すれば「宇治茶」となりうることを示しており、逆に京都府外で加工されたものは京都府内産茶葉でも「宇治茶」として売ることができない。
- In an extreme case, 'tea leaves only from Mie Prefecture' can be 'Uji cha' only if they are processed in Kyoto Prefecture, and on the contrary, those processed outside Kyoto Prefecture cannot be sold as 'Uji cha' even though they are produced in Kyoto Prefecture.
- 日本の阿弥陀浄土信仰の起源は、最後の遣唐使でもある天台宗の円仁(794年 - 864年)が唐から帰朝し、修行元の五台山で行われていた法照流の念仏を延暦寺に伝え、常行三昧堂を建てたのが最初といえる。
- The origins of Japanese Amitabha Jodo worship started when the last Japanese envoy to Tang Dynasty China, Ennin (794 – 864) of the Tendai Sect came back from Tang and brought Hosho school Nenbutsu of his training place, Mt. Wutai Shan, to Enryaku-ji Temple and built the Jogyo Zanmai-do Hall.
- また道三掘や平川の江戸前島中央部への移設、それに伴う埋め立てにより、現在の西丸下の半分以上が埋め立られている(この時期の本城といえるのはこの内、本丸・二ノ丸と家康の隠居所として造られた西丸である)。
- Additionally, the diversion of the Dosan Moat and Hira-kawa River to the central area of Edo Maejima, and the concurrent reclamation project led to the reclamation of more than half of present-day Nishinomaru-shimo area (During this period, the main castle enclosure included Honmaru, Ninomaru, and Nishinomaru [a retreat for Ieyasu]).
- 今日、一般的に大峰山(大峯山)といえば山上ヶ岳を指すが、大峯奥駈道でいう「大峯」とは、吉野から山上ヶ岳を経てさらに奥の山々、そして最終的には熊野三山に至る大峰山脈を縦走する修行の道全体を指している。
- Today, generally speaking of Mt. Omine, it refers to Mt. Sanjogatake, however 'Omine' in Omine Okugake-michi refers to the area from Yoshino through Mt. Sanjogatake to the far deeper mountains, and all the paths for asceticism that course longitudinally through the Omine mountains which eventually lead to Kumano Sanzan.
- これにより、江戸幕府の財政難に拍車がかかったことは否めないが一方で、同時期に出された服忌令、捨子禁止令からも見られるように、道徳観を民衆に扶植することで、文治政治を強化する狙いがあったともいえよう。
- It cannot be denied that this law accelerated financial difficulties of the Edo bakufu, but it was designed to strengthen bunchi seiji by establishing a sense of morality among the common people, as seen in the law of mourning or the prohibition of abandonment of children issued around the same time.
- そうした国際法を肯定的に捉える受容は、 洋務運動時期にはまだ少数であったが、それは中国を唯我独尊的な存在と自認する中華思想とそれに基づく華夷秩序が動揺し、変化させられていく契機の一つだったといえる。
- This positive acceptance of international law was not shared by large numbers of people at the time of yomu undo but it was a chance that Kaichitsujo based on Sinocentrism, in which China maintained self-centered attitude was unsettled and changed.
- 万延二朱判(まんえんにしゅばん)は万延元年(1860年)4月10日より発行された二分金万延二分判と同品位で1/4の量目につくられており万延二分判と伴に事実上本位貨幣的地位の主導権を握っていたといえる。
- Manen nishuban had the same karat as nibukin Manen nibuban issued on May 30, 1860 and the ryome was 1/4 and was positioned as standard coin taking initiative with Manen nibuban in effect.
- 特に信範は摂関家の藤原忠通・藤原基実らに家司として仕えたため、当時の上級公家などの動きに詳しく、中でも保元の乱および乱後の後白河院・平家などについての詳細な記述は、他の諸記録の追随を許さないといえる。
- As a household superintendent, Nobunori served FUJIWARA no Tadamichi and FUJIWARA no Motozane of the Sekkan (Regent and Chancellor) family, getting information about the movement of high court nobles, especially Goshirakawa in and the Taira family before and after the Hogen Disturbance, so no record can compete with Nobunori's detailed record about them.
- 少なくとも数億枚は発行が確認されている銭が、いくら経済発展があるとはいえなかなか回収できず、品位を下げざるをえなかったのは、破銭(銭を溶かして銅地金として利用する行為)が広く行われたためと理解される。
- It is now understood that, no matter how the economy had developed at that time, people then carried out extensively the hasen (to melt coins to use as a raw material) so that at least a few thousand million pieces of issued coins could hardly be retrieved and the remaining coins were compelled to degraded values.
- 偶然に訪れる幸運にも、この「化け」や「大化け」が使われているが、そのときには対象そのものの変化だけではなく、期待値が大きく好いほうへ変化する、という射幸心や占いなどとも、結びついている感情ともいえる。
- The 'bake' and 'obake' are also used for good luck brought by chance, in which case the meaning includes not only a change in the subject concerned but also an expectation of change brought about by a speculative spirit as well as fortune-telling that the subject would change for the better.
- これは貴族階級である官人層とそれ以外の被支配階級である平民の身分上の格差を定めるものではあったが、同時に能力主義によってその役割を定めるものであり、本来的には世襲制的な法構造を持つものではないといえる。
- While this system was to define disparity of positions between government officials who are in the noble class and the other commoners who are in the subordinate class, it was, at the same time, to determine one's role based on meritocracy, and did not have hereditary law structure inherently.
- 承久3年(1221年)の承久の乱(後鳥羽上皇が倒幕を企て、北条義時の追討を命じるが、失敗して隠岐に配流される)以後、鎌倉側の政治的優位は決定的となり、鎌倉は名実共に、日本の行政府所在地となったといえる。
- After the Jokyu War in 1221 (in which the Retired Emperor Gotoba who hatched a plot to overthrow the Bakufu issued an order to defeat Yoshitoki HOJO but failed and was banished to Oki Province), the Kamakura government started to hold decisive political power, making Kamakura the seat of administration of Japan both nominally and virtually.
- 日露戦争の結果、日本は南満州鉄道や関東州の租借権などの満洲利権を獲得したが、満洲は既に半植民地状態とはいえ、あくまでも清の国家主権に属する地域であったことから、清国の了承なしには権利譲渡は出来なかった。
- Through the Russo-Japanese War, Japan gained rights in Manchuria, such as the South Manchuria Railway and the Kwantung Leased Territory, but she was not able to transfer her rights without Qing's consent because Manchuria, in effect, belonged to the state of Qing, despite the fact that the region, in part, had become Japanese colony.
- 五味文彦の研究は、八代がその著書の結びとした「鎌倉時代の根本資料として価値を失わざるのみならず、恐らくは之に比敵するものあらざるべし」という方向で、更に具体的に研究と推論を発展させたものといえるだろう。
- Fumihiko GOMI's study could be said to have been developed from Yashiro's conclusion in his book: 'not only does it not lose its value as source material for the Kamakura period, but there is also no comparative work,' changing his study and conjecture more concretely.
- また、ときには、大きな建築で、正面の間(ま)数だけでいうこともあって、たとえば「大仏殿一宇二重十一間」といえば、正面の柱間が11あるということは分かるが、奥行つまり側面はこれだけでは知ることはできない。
- And, in the case of large structures, sometimes, only the number of Hashirama on the front facade is mentioned, for instance, 'Daibutsu-den Ichiu Niju Juikken' (The Great Buddha hall, one two-story building with 11 bays), then it is possible to know there are 11 Hashirama on the front facade but not for the depth or the side only by this description.
- 武断派の武将たちは、今まで数々の戦場(特に文禄・慶長の役)で、大きな戦功を立てたたものが多かった(これが武断派の名称の由来となった)が、その功績に比して政権の中枢で大きな地位を占めているとはいえなかった。
- Although most military commanders of the Budan-ha were the ones who rendered distinguished services in a number of battle fields (especially in the Bunroku-Keicho War) (their name 'Budan' meaning resorting to military means came from this fact), they could not be said to have had high positions in the center of the administration.
- だが、当時の日本政治の中央である京都を支配下に置き、室町幕府将軍を傀儡として幕政を掌握し、朝廷も庇護下に置いていたことなどが、同時代における他の戦国大名の地方政権とは大きく異なる中央政権であったといえる。
- However, the facts that the Miyoshi's government governed Kyoto, which was then the center of Japanese politics in Japan, that it controlled the shogunate government by making the shogun of Muromachi Bakufu as puppet, and that it had the Imperial Court under their protection, differentiate it as a central government from other local government of daimyo in the same period.
- 守護大名や守護代、国人領主が戦国大名になるためには、それは室町時代以前からの庶家や傘下の土豪とのゆるやかな同盟関係のしがらみを絶ち、強固な主従関係により結ばれた家臣団の獲得こそが大きな条件であったといえる。
- In order for shugo daimyo, shugodai, and kokujinryoshu to become a sengoku daimyo, it was necessary to abolish the ties of their loose alliances with shoke and local clans under them that began before the Muromachi period and then to obtain vassal groups with which they were tied based upon a strong relationship of master and vassal.
- しかし競馬規程下の産牛馬組合による競馬と同じく、地方競馬を地域の祭典の日程にあわせて行う地域も数多くあり、そのような地方競馬は歴史的・文化的にみて祭典競馬の流れを汲み、あるいは密接なつながりをもつといえる。
- However, there are many regions where horse racing takes place to coincide with the dates of local festivals as same as races held by Sangyuba kumiai under the Rules, and such local horse racing is related to saiten keiba historically and culturally, or directly connected to it.
- もっとも、このことの裏を返せば、家系がはっきりしている場合をのぞいて(特に庶民の場合)、家紋と血筋が一致するとは限らないことを表している(高貴な家と家紋が同じであっても、その家に血筋が繋がるとはいえない)。
- Kamon does not necessarily correspond to blood line except in cases where descent is clear (especially among common people) (even if Kamon is common in a noble family, it does not mean they have common blood).
- だが、その行幸のとき、三船御会の詩歌の会が催されたり、義満の北山殿の会所も義教室町殿の会所も、その飾りつけは唐物がほとんどだが、決して和物といえるものが飾られていないことから、二項対立だけでは語りつくせない。
- However, the poetry contest performed during the Mifunegokai was carried out during gyoko and although most decorations at Kitayamadono of Yoshimitsu or Muromachidono of Yoshinori were of karamono, they were not decorations that were Japanese that cannot be compared as dichotomic.
- それは、安元3年(1177年)の鹿ケ谷の陰謀で成親が逮捕された時、大衆が清盛に「敵を討っていただいたことは喜ばしい」とわざわざ使者を送って礼を述べていることからも明らかといえる(『玉葉』安元3年6月3日条)。
- That was obvious as the daishu bothered to send an envoy to show gratitude, 'It is gratifying that the enemy was caught' when Narichika was arrested at the Shishigatani plot in 1177 ('Gyokuyo' article of June 3, 1177).
- 桂園時代(けいえんじだい/けいおんじだい)とは、大日本帝国陸軍・山縣有朋閥に属する桂太郎と、伊藤博文の後継者として立憲政友会総裁に就いた西園寺公望が、政権を交互に担当した1905年から1912年の8年間をいう。
- Kei-En era (or Kei-On era) was the 8-year period from 1905 to 1912 during which Taro KATSURA, who belonged to the faction led by Aritomo YAMAGATA of the Imperial Japanese Army, and Kinmochi SAIONJI, who assumed the position of president of Rikken seiyukai (a political party) as a successor of Hirobumi ITO, gained power alternately.
- 舞台の時期は史実の服部半蔵家が取り潰された前後にあたるが、この時期を舞台として真田幸村配下の忍者と、徳川氏の覇権と忍者の世界の制覇を目論む半蔵率いる徳川忍軍の暗闘というモチーフは、忍者ものの物語の定番といえる。
- This manga adopted the typical ninja storyline; the story was set in before and after the historic Hanzo-Hattori clan had been ruined and featured three main motifs, namely ninjas controlled by Yukimura SANADA, the hegemony of the Tokugawa clan and fought behind the scenes by the shogunate spy group led by Hanzo who aimed to reign over the ninja world.
- 二代目松緑が「江戸っ子の喧嘩ですから、ハラも何んもないもので、どっちかといえば辰五郎の場合なんか、あんまりハラがあってはいけないんです。これはむしろ形のもので、粋に粋に、という行き方できてるんですね」と語った。
- Shoroku the second commented, 'Since it is a quarrel of rough-spoken Edokko (a true native of Edo), it does not require things like Hara (a technique for conveying the qualities of a character without relying on the gestures or words). Especially, when acting the role of Tatsugoro, we should do it without Hara. Or rather, the form or style is the key; we have adopted a cool and smart approach.'
- ただし、この時以外の実際の運用はまったく広田が言うようにはなっておらず、もう一方の当事者寺内はこの時南方軍司令官で海外出征中であり、小磯にしても「話が違う」と思っても指摘するわけがないので真偽不明の話ともいえる。
- However, the authenticity of this story is doubtful for two reasons: the first, except this time the actual operation totally contradicted Hirota's remarks, the second was that the other party, Terauchi, was a Southern troop commander in the field abroad at that time and Koiso would not point out 'the story is wrong' even if he thought so.
- 惣内部の事案といえども、本来ならば、領主又はその委任を受けた守護・地頭が検断権を行使するのが、前代までの慣習であったが、惣村などの自治性の高い村落は、領主の検断介入を拒否・排除し、自検断を行うようになっていった。
- It was a tradition from the preceding era that lords or a Shugo and a Jito (military governor and estate steward) who were delegated from the lords, exercised the right to judge criminal cases even against cases within communities, but with the increased autonomy, communities rejected and excluded the lord's intervention into trials and started to conduct Jikendan themselves.
- とはいえ、歴史としての正確性や検証性はともかくとしても、平家の落人伝説にちなんだ姓も日本国各地で存在していることも事実であり、またそうした謎の多き、闇に包まれた伝承がいわゆる歴史のロマンを想起させる要因でもある。
- Setting aside the question of correctness or historical verification, it is true that there exist surnames associated with Heike no Ochudo legends throughout Japan, and such oral traditions filled with mystery and darkness stir people's imagination for history.
- 秀吉・家康が和睦した後に秀吉に召しだされたとき、「秀吉の恩と家康の恩、どちらが貴殿にとっては重いか」と質問されると、「君のご恩は海より深いといえども、家康は譜代相伝の主君であって月日の論には及びがたし」と答えた。
- After Hideyoshi and Ieyasu reconciled, Hideyoshi called upon Tadakatsu and asked, 'Which is more important to you, the gratitude for Hideyoshi or that for Ieyasu?' and Tadakatsu answered, 'Although the gratitude for you is deeper than the sea, Ieyasu is the lord of hereditary succession and it is difficult to overcome the passage of time.'
- それが、どういったわけか造立計画はとりやめとなり、天平17年(745年)、聖武天皇は恭仁京からの遷都を発表(とはいえ、この当時は、ほとんど紫香楽宮で行政が行われていたのであるが)、都を平城京へ復することとなった。
- However, for some reason, the construction plan was cancelled, and in 745 Emperor Shomu announced the transfer of the capital from Kuni-kyo back to Heijo-kyo (although at that time most of the administrative affairs were conducted at the Shigaraki no Miya Palace).
- またこれらを主題に歌合せの催しが行われていることから日本庭園が文学的・情緒的であることも一つの特色といえるが、このころは「古めかしきもの」から「今めかしきもの」への変換期で、生活形式が変わりつつあったといわれる。
- Further, waka poem competitions were held by making garden scenery the subject of the poem, it is also characteristic of Nihon teien that the garden itself is literary and emotional, but there was a period of transition when life styles were changing from 'old-fashioned' to 'modern.'
- 主に旧薩摩藩・長州藩および一部の公家による専制政治として実行されたため「藩閥政府」と揶揄されることもあるが、中級官僚以上でも旧親藩・旧幕臣などから採用された者も少なくなく、一概に一部雄藩のみが主導したともいえない。
- Since the Meiji Restoration was implemented arbitrarily by the Satsuma clan, the Choshu clan, and some court nobles, it was sometimes derisively called 'a clan dominated government,' but it cannot be said that a couple of powerful clans led this restoration because a considerable number of Tokugawas and former retainers of the Shogun were hired as the middle or upper levels of the bureaucracy.
- 1980年代以降世界中に広がったグラフィティ(落書き)も、建物の所有者の了解を得ない器物破損である一方、若者のさまざまな主張や趣味を表現しているものともいえ、次第に壁面全体を大きく使うものが現れるようになっている。
- While graffiti (doodling) which spread on a global scale in the 1980s and later considered damage to property without the owner's approval, it can be said that the graffiti demonstrates young people's views and interests, and gradually, a pictures drawn on an entire surface of a wall began to appear.
- 故に頼朝はそうした東国武士に対する求心力と、朝廷から受けた寿永二年十月宣旨、文治の勅許、将軍宣下など朝廷から与えられた特権を背景に、他の源氏一門と差別化し、頼朝の系統を嫡流とすることに成功することができたといえる。
- Therefore, it can be said that Yoritomo succeeded in distinguishing himself from the other Minamoto families and making his own family lineage the direct descendant by using, as a background, this unifying power over the warriors of the eastern provinces as well as the privileges granted by the Imperial Court, such as Juei-ninen Jugatsu no Senji (the imperial decree issued to Minamoto no Yoritomo), Bunji Imperial Sanction and appointment to shogun by the Imperial Court.
- 家制度(いえせいど)とは、に制定された民法(以降、旧民法という)において採用された家族制度であり、親族関係のある者のうち更に狭い範囲の者を、戸主と家族として一つの家に属させ、戸主に家の統率権限を与えていた制度である。
- Ie seido was a family system, which was introduced to the Civil Codes established in 1898 (hereunder referred as Old Civil Codes), under the system, a small group consisting of relatives and living in a house is considered as a family and a family has a family head who was given an authority to lead a family.
- 大坂の陣の際、秀頼を城に出さずに自らが兵士の所に赴き督戦したことがよく批判の対象となるが、この時代に女性が戦場に登場するのは珍しいことではなかった(とはいえただの一度も総大将が前線に出なかった事は確かに問題である)。
- Her attitude at the Siege of Osaka that she did not let Hideyori go to the castle and she herself controlled and urged the soldiers to fight more vigorously frequently became a target of criticism, but it was not rare for women to go to the battle field during that era (however, it might have been a problem that the supreme commander never stood at the front of the battle).
- 各巻の画風の違いから、複数の作者によって書かれたとする説があり、制作年代は12世紀~13世紀(平安時代末期~鎌倉時代初期)とみられることから、作者も制作年代も異なる別個の作品の寄せ集めで、いわば戯画の集大成といえる。
- There is an opinion that it was painted by plural painters due to difference of the style of painting, and it is thought that it was produced from the 12th to 13th century (end of Heian period to early Kamakura period) and that it might be a kind of anthology of caricatures of an individual painting by an individual painter of a different time.
- また「天下広しといえども、真に我が主と頼むは会津の景勝殿をおいて外にあるまい」と慶次郎が後に語ったということから、義を貫く人物は景勝をおいて他にはいないと見込んでの、慶次郎なりの敬意を示した行動だったともいわれている。
- Also, based on the fact that Keijiro said later, 'I would never rely on anyone else in all the world but lord Kagekatsu of Aizu to be my master,' some say that Keijiro's behavior represents his respect for Kagekatsu, whom he trusted as the only just person.
- またこの時期に相次いで起こった自然災害、すなわち元禄地震、東海・南海・東南海連動型地震および宝永の大噴火被害による幕府の財政逼迫も、銭座からの運上による利益を目的とする大銭すなわち寳永通寳鋳造に至らしめた一因といえる。
- The financial crisis of bakufu caused by natural disasters occurred one after another in this period such as Genroku Earthquake and Tokai, Nankai, Tonankai Consolidated Type Earthquake as well as damage by great eruption (of Mt.Fuji) in Hoei era was one of the reasons for minting ozeni (type of coin), or kaneitsukan, to make profit from zeniza.
- 訴訟の準備及び追行に必要な費用を支払う資力がない者又はその支払により生活に著しい支障を生ずる者に対しては、裁判所は、申立てにより、訴訟上の救助の決定をすることができる。ただし、勝訴の見込みがないとはいえないときに限る。
- For a person who lacks the financial resources to pay the expenses necessary for preparing for and conducting a suit or person who will suffer substantial detriment in his/her standard of living by paying such expenses, the court, upon petition, may make an order to grant judicial aid; provided, however, that this shall apply only where it cannot be said that such person is unlikely to win the case.
- 「紫式部日記」の1008年(寛弘5年)11月1日の記述に、源氏物語の作者紫式部に対して、藤原公任が、「あなかしこ、このわたりに若紫やさぶらふ」(そういえば、このあたりに若紫の姫君がいらっしゃるのでは)と語りかけたとある。
- According to the entry of November 1, 1008 (December 7, 1008 in the solar calendar) in the Murasaki Shikibu nikki (Diary of Lady Murasaki Shikibu), Murasaki Shikibu, the author of The Tale of Genji, wrote that FUJIWARA no Kinto said to her, 'Come to think of it, I wonder if Lady Wakamurasaki is around here.'
- が、この正徳の改鋳後も対馬藩はまだ、正徳3年(1713年)分の往古銀を受け取っておらず、正徳銀は良質とはいえ極印が異なることから交易に差し支えるとして陳情に努め、正徳4年(1714年)7月にようやく従来の往古銀を受け取った。
- However, the Tsushima Domain still did not receive Ninjindai Oko Chogin allocated for the year of 1713 after this reminting, and they thought paying with Shotoku Chogin would hinder the trade because the hallmark differed from that of Ninjindai Oko Chogin although Shotoku Chogin was good quality, and therefore, they petitioned the Shogunate repeatedly for Ninjindai Oko Chogin to be delivered to the Tsushima Domain and they finally received the coin in 1714.
- 平城宮大極殿は第一次と第二次とで大きく構造が異なり、第一次では唐長安大明宮含元殿の影響を受け、大極殿院が広い前庭を持ち、また大極殿は前庭から1段高い位置に建設されており、平安宮の龍尾壇(竜尾壇 りゅうびだん)の原型といえる。
- The First and the Second Daigokuden of the Heijo-kyu Palace were significantly different in structure; the Hanyuan Hall of the Daming Palace in Chang'an at the time of the Tang Dynasty in China had a strong influence on the First Daigokuden, which had a large front garden and was built elevated one step from the garden, and this was in turn a prototype of the Ryubidan (stone steps of the Heiangu Palace to the south of Daigokuden).
- 事実、正徳の治の間に行われた改鋳量は正徳小判・一分金合わせて約21万両であり、元禄金銀・宝永金銀(あわせて小判2545万両、丁銀146万貫)に比較すると、これだけをもってデフレを起こすほどインパクトが強いとはいえないのである。
- In fact, the amount of reminted Shotoku koban and Ichibu kin gold coin during Shotoku no chi was about 210,000 ryo, comparing to Genroku and Hoei gold and silver circulated (total 25,450,000 ryo of kobans and 1,400,000 ryo of chogins), it cannot say that this reminting had much of an impact in creating deflation.
- 薬莢基部は単純な構造であるため、個人レベルの小規模な量であれば家内生産で製造できなくもないが、小規模とはいえ軍が戦闘で使用する量を確保するには専用の大量生産設備が不可欠であり、同様の設備は当時の日本国内には存在していなかった。
- Since the base of the cartridge has a simple structure, domestic production may supply enough for a small amount of individual use, but equipment for mass-producing the cartridge case was required to supply for an army, if small, to use in battle; and there was no equipment in Japan equivalent to that in Kagoshima in those days.
- 1月30日(当時の感覚でいえば、「正月晦日」)の未明、賀茂川東側の宮川町団栗辻子(現在の京都市東山区宮川筋付近)の空家から出火、折からの強風に乗って南は五条通にまで達し、更に火の粉が鴨川対岸の寺町通に燃え移って洛中に飛び火した。
- In the early dawn of March 7 (January 30 in old lunar calendar which is a day called Shogatsu Misoka at the time), a fire broke out at an unoccupied house in Donguri no Zushi in Miyagawa Town on the eastern side of Kamo-gawa River (in the vicinity of modern-day Miyagawasuji, Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City) and was carried south by strong winds to Gojo-dori Street while sparks also spread to Teramachi-dori Street on the opposite side of Kamo-gawa river and throughout central Kyoto.
- もっともこの場合でも、当時の日本政府の財政事情(西郷隆盛も反対論の理由の一つに財政問題を挙げている)から、ヨーロッパやアメリカ合衆国の本線用の車両を購入して輸送するコストを考えれば、必ずしも日本政府の判断が誤りだったとはいえない。
- But even if it were the case, if the financial conditions of the Japanese government at that time (Takamori SAIGO also mentioned financial reasons to oppose the construction) and the expenses which would have cost to purchase and convey carriages for the main line from Europe or America are considered, it cannot be said that the decision of the Japanese government was a mistake.
- ただし開国に関しては阿部正弘のころからの既定路線であり、それまで綿密に進められた水戸や薩摩といった雄藩や朝廷への根回しや海外事情の調査、開明派の人材登用による開国体制の構築が直弼の強引な手法により瓦解し、大混乱を招いたともいえる。
- However, the opening of Japan to the West had already begun in the time of Masahiro ABE, and Naosuke's forceful methods can be viewed as a detriment to a more careful plan that involved the appointment of Kaimei-ha, research of overseas situations, and prior consultation with powerful domains such as Mito, Satsuma, and even the Imperial Court.
- 表千家七代如心斎が、「千家を名乗るのは表千家・裏千家・武者小路千家(の嫡子)とし、二男三男にはこれを名乗らせない」と定め、他の二家もこれを了承したため、茶道で千家といえば表千家・裏千家・武者小路千家の三家に限定されることとなった。
- The seventh head of Omotesenke, Joshinsai, decided that 'those that can call themselves Senke are (the first sons of) Omotesenke, Urasenke, and Mushanokojisenke, and second sons, third sons, and so forth can't call themselves as one,' and the other two houses agreed with the decision; therefore, Senke in the world of tea ceremony came to be limited to the three houses, which are Omotesenke, Urasenke, and Mushanokojisenke.
- 古くは舞楽の装束をまね、太夫は鳥兜(とりかぶと)をかぶっていたが、室町時代になると烏帽子(さむらいえぼし)をかぶり、素襖(すおう)に平袴(ひらばかま)姿に、才蔵は大黒頭巾風のものをかぶり、大袋を背負う格好が普通であったようである。
- In ancient times, imitating the costume of 'bugaku' (court dance and music), tayu put on 'torikabuto' (ornamental hat in bugaku), but in the Muromachi period tayu seems to have put on 'samurai-eboshi' (formal headwear for court nobles), 'suo' (ceremonial dress of lower-class samurai) and 'hirabakama' (man's formal divided skirt) and saizo put on something like 'daikokuzukin' (hood like the god of good luck) and normally shouldered a big bag.
- 全国城郭存廃ノ処分並兵営地等撰定方(ぜんこくじょうかくそんぱいのしょぶんならびにへいえいちとうせんていかた)は1873年(明治6年)1月14日に明治政府から大蔵省に発せられた、全国の城郭陣屋の財産所管方針の太政官布告・太政官達書。
- The Ordinance for Keeping and Disposal of Castles and Selection of Military Posts is an edict and notice of Dajokan (Grand Council of state) issued by the Meiji Government to Okura-sho (Ministry of the Treasury) on January 14, 1873, regarding the property management policies on castles and jinya (regional government office) across the country.
- 戦国時代の残滓が残っているとはいえ、「武断政治」から「文治政治」への転換が図られて、「喧嘩両成敗」という理非を問わずに双方を処断するというやり方は、無実の人間を残虐な刑罰に晒す危険性があると当時の儒学者などからの批判もあったという。
- Some Confucians criticized 'Kenka Ryoseibai' by pointing out the possibilities of punishing innocent people without making clear what is right and what is wrong, especially now that the politics had shifted from military government to civilian government although there were remnants left from the Sengoku Period (period of civil war).
- つまり、ヤマタノオロチというのは古代日本にとってかつては強大な外敵であり、彼に人質を差し出して臣下の礼を取っていたという事実を隠し、如何に悪い魔物であったかを誇張するかのようにして、自らの正当性を保とうとした大和民族の工夫といえる。
- In other words, Yamata no Orochi was a powerful foreign enemy of ancient Japan, and it can be said to have been invented by the Yamato race, who tried to prove the appropriateness of their behavior, hiding the fact that they offered a person as a hostage to him and gave their fealty to the country, exaggerating how bad the monster was.
- これを再び統一したのは北宋であったが、宋王朝は遼や金 (王朝)などと対立していたことなどから、中国全土に対して強力な支配を行っていたとは必ずしもいえないが、宋のもとで中国の社会が安定し農業や商業が飛躍的に発展したと考えることはできる。
- It was the Northern Sung Dynasty that unified China again, but it can not be said that the Sung Dynasty was able to exert a controlling force over the whole area of China, since Sung was confronted with the Ryo and Jin Dynasties, but it can be thought that society achieved stability, and agriculture and commerce made remarkable progress in China during this period.
- だが、新将軍・義尚は若くして病死し、引退した父・義政も銀閣をはじめとする慈照寺の造営に余生を費やして、芸術の世界にのみ生きた(とはいえ、義政の芸術保護が後の東山文化発展の基礎となり、後々の日本文化に大きな影響を与えた事は否定できない)。
- But the new Shogun, Yoshihisa, died of illness while still young, and his retired father Yoshimasa devoted his remaining years to construction projects at Jisho-ji Temple, notably the building known as Ginkaku (the Silver Pavilion), focusing his attention entirely on the world of artistic endeavor (and indeed, Yoshimasa's patronage of the arts became the foundation of the flourishing artistic culture of the Higashiyama area, and no one can deny he had a profound influence on later developments in Japanese culture.)
- そのため他府県のラーメン店が京都に進出した際に事情を把握せず価格設定し、客が付かず閉店した例も少なくなく、政令指定都市を核に構える人口の割に、シビアといえる(京都における、この種の傾向は、ラーメンだけではなく多岐の商品、サービスに渡る)。
- For this reason, quite a number of ramen stores from other prefectures which penetrated Kyoto failed, because they set price-points without conducting market research or were unable to retain regular customers, reinforcing the point that business is difficult despite the population of the area which includes a government-orginance-designated city (this is seen not only in the ramen business, but a wide range of articles and services as well).
- しかし古来においても、今のような「発酵」という言葉こそなかったとはいえ、米と水に「あるもの」を加えると酒に変わることはしっかりと認識されており、その「あるもの」を麹(こうじ)、酛(もと)、または酒母(もと / しゅぼ)と呼んでいたわけである。
- Even in ancient times, when the modern term 'fermentation' didn't exist, it was well known that adding 'something' to rice and water will turn the mixture into sake, and this 'something' was called koji (malted rice), moto (yeast mash), or shubo.
- 滝川事件は法学部のみの処分で決着し、理学部とはほとんど関係のない事件であるので、この人物設定は歴史的な意味では正確さを欠くものともいえるが、「思想信条を理由に大学教員が弾圧された戦前の事件」としては象徴的な意味を今なお持っていることを示している。
- The punishment related to the Takigawa Incident was concluded within the Faculty of Law and has almost nothing to do with the Faculty of Science, and although this character setting is inaccurate historically, it shows that the 'incident was the oppression of thinking and ideology of pre-war university staff' has a figurative meaning to this day.
- 漫画・アニメ『ドラえもん』(藤子・F・不二雄作)の主人公であるネコ型ロボット、ドラえもん (架空のキャラクター)の大好物としても知られ、1960年代-1980年代生まれの人にとって「どら焼きといえばドラえもん」というイメージがかなり定着している。
- Dorayaki are also known as the favorite food of the cat robot which is the main character in the comic animation 'Doraemon' (created by Fujiko F. Fujio) and for people born between the 1960's and 1980's, the term Dorayaki usually conjures up the image of Doraemon.
- この時こそ清盛の平氏政権が最も強固な体制を築いた絶頂期であったが、しかし、平氏政権は後白河との良好な関係の上に形成されてきたのであり、前年のクーデターによって後白河との関係は解消されてしまっており、平氏政権の絶頂は極めて脆弱な基盤に載っていたといえる。
- This period was the peak, when the Taira clan administration built its strongest organization, but this was based on good relations with Goshirakawa, and since the relationship with Goshirakawa had soured with the coup d'etat the previous year, the peak of the Taira clan administration was on an extremely weak foundation.
- とはいえ、最澄自身が法華経を基盤とした戒律や禅、念仏、そして密教の融合による総合仏教としての教義確立を目指していたのは紛れもない事実であり、円仁・円珍などの弟子たちは最澄自身の意志を引継ぎ密教を学び直して、最澄の悲願である天台教学の確立を見たのである。
- However, there is no doubt about the fact that Saicho intended to establish the doctrine of comprehensive Buddhism by integrating Buddhist precepts based on Hokke-kyo sutra, Zen, Nenbutsu (Buddhist prayer) and Esoteric Buddhism and his disciples, including Ennin and Enchin, succeeded Saicho's will, restudied Esoteric Buddhism and completed Tendai kyogaku which had been the earnest desire of Saicho.
- 胎蔵曼荼羅の各ブロックを「院」と称したのに対し、金剛界曼荼羅では「会」(え)という語が使われ、成身会(じょうじんえ)、三昧耶会(さまやえ)、微細会(みさいえ)、供養会、四印会、一印会、理趣会、降三世会(ごうざんぜえ)、降三世三昧耶会の九会(くえ)から成る。
- While each block of Garbha-mandala is called 'in,' the term of 'E' is used in the case of Vajradhatu-mandala and it consists of Ku-e (nine e), namely Jojin-e, Samaya-e, Misai-e, Kuyo-e, Shiin-e, Ichiin-e, Rishu-e, Gozanze-e and Gozanze Samaya-e.
- また三味線音楽が遊里との結びつきも持っていて、どちらかといえば三味線が庶民の楽器として普及したのに対し、箏曲は王朝文学に取材したものが多いなど高雅な精神性を持ち、このため武家では「高尚な音楽」として、箏は武家の娘のたしなみ(アマチュア)としてもてはやされた。
- While shamisen developed as a kind of ordinary people's musical instrument because shamisen music linked with the red-light district, Soh music was regarded as 'music of high spirituality' by samurai families because many pieces were created based on dynastic style literature, and it was praised as an essential achievement for the daughters of samurai families (amateur).
- この争乱が以仁王の「平氏追討」の令旨に始まること、平氏政権から頼朝政権(鎌倉幕府)に交代したこと、民間レベルでは『平家物語』や『源平盛衰記』などの影響から清盛・宗盛ら平氏一門と頼朝・義経・義仲ら源氏一門の争いと受け取られてきたことなどが、この呼称を生んだといえる。
- This term started because the war was considered as a fight between Kiyomori and Munemori of the Taira family and Yoritomo, Yoshitsune, Yoshinaka of the Minamoto clan due to the fact that the war started with Prince Mochihito's call for 'destroying the Taira clan,' the transition from the Taira clan government to Yoritomo government (Kamkura bakufu), and the effect of stories such as 'Heike Monogatari' (The Tales of the Heike) and 'Genpei Seisuiki' (The Rise and Fall of the Genji and the Heike) had on the people.
- 一方、讃岐に配流中の日堯と備前倉敷の日指庵の日通を中心とするグループは、佐土原に流刑中の日講を引き合いに出し、「流罪とはいえ命を狙われる心配もなく安穏な生活をしている日講には、絶えずビクビクして信仰を守っている内信者の気持ちは分るまい」(除講記)を草して反論した。
- On the other hand, a group headed by Nichigyo, who was in exile in Sanuki, and Nitsu at Hisashi-an of Kurashiki in Bizen referred to Nikko who was in exile in Sadohara and refuted by saying 'Although he is in exile, Nikko is spending a peaceful life without worrying about assassination and he cannot understand the feelings of naishin people who are keeping faith while constantly worrying about their lives' (Jokoki (writings about removing Nikko)).
- このような経歴から、賀茂神社間の争いに関わる話や、事実上中世最後となった文正元年(1466年)の大嘗祭に関する記事、公家と武家(室町幕府)の関係、応仁の乱の経緯、頻発した土一揆の様子、さらに普段の公家の生活などが詳細に記されており、同時代を知る上での一級史料といえる。
- From such a career, the diary has detailed entries about conflicts between the Kamo-jinja Shrines, the Great Thanksgiving Festival in 1466 that in fact became the last such festival held in the medieval period, the relationship between court aristocrats and warriors (Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun)), the circumstances of the Onin War, what the frequently-occurring do-ikki (uprisings of cultivators and other commoners) were like, and the ordinary life of court nobles, etc., so it is an important historical source to know about this period.
- 近年では元横綱若乃花の花田勝が経営する株式会社ドリームアークが「Chanko Dining 若」というブランド名で全国規模どころか海外進出までをも果たし、さらには大相撲の懸賞の提供企業になるなどしており、2000年以降のこの業界では台風の目ともいえる存在になっている。
- In recent years, Dream Ark run by Masaru HANADA, the former yokozuna (sumo grand champion) Wakanohara succeeded in operating a chunko restaurant chain under the brand name of 'Chanko Dining Waka' on a nationwide scale as well as overseas, and have a presence as a influential in the industry since the year 2000 by offering sumo prize money.
- これは、「死を目前にした(北斎)翁は大きく息をして『天があと10年の間、命長らえることを私に許されたなら』と言い、しばらくしてさらに、『天があと5年の間、命保つことを私に許されたなら、必ずやまさに本物といえる画工になり得たであろう』と言いどもって死んだ」との意味である。
- The meaning is as follows: 'When Hokusai was dying, he took a deep breath and said, 'If the heavens make me live for ten more years,'' and after a while he said, 'If the heavens make me live for five more years, I would necessarily be able to become a very true edakumi,' stumbled, and then died.'
- この高札を読んだ秀政は、袴をつけ、手水で口をすすぎ、高札を三度押し戴き、「こんな立派な諌めの言葉を私に向かっていえるものは誰もいないはずだ、これはひとえに天の与えさせ給うものだ」といい、家宝として、袋に入れ、箱に収め、家中の者の作法、善悪を糾し、ことごとくを改めさせた。
- After Hidemasa read the article on the board, he put on Hakama (formal men's divided skirt) and washed his mouth by chozu (purifying water), held the board three times over his head and said, 'There is nobody who can give such precious words to expostulate me, those words must be given by God,' he put the board in a sack and put it in a box as family treasure, then denounced bad behavior of his retainers and changed their behavior completely.
- 茣蓙目の細かいものは前期、粗目で均質な製作となった元禄小判に類似するものは明暦の大火以降に鋳造されたと推定され後期鋳とされるが、約95年に亘る発行とはいえ初期に多量に鋳造され、その後産金の減少に伴い鋳造が衰退したと推定されることもあり、現実に後期のほうが現存数は少ない。
- Keicho Kobans with fine straw matt mark were casted in the early period and the ones made coarsely and uniformly resembling Genroku Koban (oval coin) were thought to be cast in the late period, after the Great Fire of Meireki, and during about 95 years of issuance of Keicho Koban, it was presumed that it was cast in large number in the eary period, but became less in the late period according to the declining volume of gold production, and actually now more Keicho Koban in the late period remain.
- 源季貞は父の代からの平家郎党であるということで平家方であったために、同族を討伐する大将になったともいえるが、一説には、源義時が源季貞の曽祖父にあたる源義忠の暗殺事件に荷担もしくは関係があったため(根拠:源義忠の暗殺後、弟の源義時は河内源氏の棟梁の地位を望んだ)といわれる。
- It was not strange that MINAMOTO no Suesada was appointed the commander to subjugate the same clan since his father and he had served Heike, however, according to another opinion, it was because Minamoto no Yoshitoki had organized the conspiracy against the life of MINAMOTO no Yoshitada, the great-grandfather of Suesada, or had been associated with the murder in some degree (considering that after the murder of MINAMOTO no Yoshitada, his brother Yoshitoki had aimed at the position of the leader of the Kawachi-Genji).
- 体裁で違うところといえば、題名のつけかたで、庭鐘が『英草子』第一篇「後醍醐帝三たび藤房の諫を折くこと話」とか『繁野話』第一篇「雲魂雲情を語つて久しきを誓ふ話」とか長くつけるのに対し、『雨月物語』の方は第一篇「白峯」や第二篇「菊花の約」のようにすっきりとした題がついている。
- Regarding the difference in style, the expression of titles is different; Teisho put a long title such as 'The story of Emperor Godaigo, who rejected the fujifusa's advice three times' as the first story in 'Hanabusa Soshi,' and 'The story of talking about souls and the scene of clouds that promise long-lasting relationships' as the first story in 'Shigeshige Yawa,' while 'Ugetsu Monogatari' has short titles like 'Shiramine,' which is the first story, and 'The Chrysanthemum Vow,' which is the second.
- 具体的には王心斎は、『孝経』と四書を重視したが、経書の注釈に拘らない自得の学問を説き、独特な「淮南格物」を主張したこと、古代を理想とする尚古思想をもっていたことがその思想的特徴といえるが、なによりも重要なのは、知識人層以外の階層に陽明学を広めることを己が責務としたことである。
- Specifically, Wang Xinzhai put emphasis on the 'Classic of Filial Piety', or 'Xiao Jing', and The Four Books but, ideologically, was characterized by preaching the teachings that he had learned himself without being obsessive about commentaries on the Classics, advocating his original idea of 'Junnan kakubutsu,' and maintaining a primitivism whereby he made the ancient times his ideal, but above all he made it his duty to propagate Yomeigaku outside of the intellectual classes.
- 特に大相撲では、「大関は最大で五人」という慣例があることから、大関が五人いる状態で新横綱・新大関が同時に誕生すると「誰か昇進させないと六大関になってしまうから、(成績は満点とはいえないが)押し出されて横綱になった」という揶揄の意味で「ところてん式に昇進」といわれることがある。
- This applies especially to the case of grand sumo tournament where there is a custom that 'there should not be more than five ozeki (sumo wrestler of the second highest rank)'; if new yokozuna (sumo grand champion) and new ozeki come into being simultaneously when there are already five ozeki, this situation is sometimes called 'tokoroten-shiki promotion' implicating ironically that 'the new yokozuna has become yokozuna by being pushed out of ozeki's position (in spite of insufficient scores) because someone had to move upward in order to avoid having six ozeki.'
- 形式上のみとはいえ、太政官よりも上位とされた神祇官に対して、太政官の1機関に格下げられた神祇省は一見すると地位が低下したようにも見受けられるが、実際には大教宣布の理念に基づいた天皇による祭政一致、ひいては神道の国家宗教化を目指す方針のために政府の関与を強めるためのものであった。
- The Department of Divinities had been considered superior, at least pro forma, to the daijokan (the Grand Council of State), and hence by the comparison the Ministry of Divinities may seem to have suffered a demotion given the fact that it was created as one arm of and under the daijokan, but in actuality Japan, under the principles laid out in the Imperial Edict (of 1870) for Establishment of Shinto, had embraced a theocratic form of government (saisei itchi, or 'the unity of church and state') under the Emperor; consequently, the Ministry of Divinities had been created to strengthen the government's ability to participate in religious matters in order to achieve the objective of making Shinto the national religion of Japan.
- また、古代天皇の非実在論に基づいている点は津田左右吉の影響を受けており、九州国家の王であった仁徳天皇が畿内を征服して王朝を開いたという説は邪馬台国九州説の発展に他ならず、戦前の抑圧された古代史研究から開放された自由な発想により様々な説を自由に組み合わせてできた学説であるといえる。
- It is said the theory was combined various theories freely by freewheeling thinking released from the studies of ancient history suppressed before the World War II; such as it was influenced by Sokichi TSUDA on the basis of the theory of nonexistence of ancient emperors, and the theory that Emperor Nintoku, the king of Kyushu nation, conquered provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara to start a dynasty was none other than the development of the theory of the Yamatai-Koku Kingdom in Kyushu.
- 現在の田沼論はどちらかといえば「老中としての田沼」を論ずるのがメインとなっている感があるが、相良藩主としての田沼に関しては街道や港の拡張、防火対策(相良で起こった大火の後、藁葺きの家はことごとく瓦葺にするよう令を発している)、殖産興業などきわめて正統的で当を得た施政を行っている。
- At present Tanuma was mainly discussed in the aspect of 'Tanuma as a senior councillor (roju),' but as a feudal lord of Sagara domain, he carried out very orthodoxical and reasonable policies, including the expansion of roads and ports, fire prevention measures (an order was issued to replace straw-thatched roofs with tile roofs after a great fire in Sagara), and encouragement of new industry.
- これは後の鎌倉幕府による本格的な武家政権支配と比較すると、御家人制度のように確立されたものでもなく未熟なものだったといえるが、武士を通じた支配ネットワークを構築したことは従前の貴族政権には見られない画期的なものとされ、ゆえに学界では発現期の武家政権であるとする評価が主流となっている。
- Later, compared to the more established samurai government control by the Kamakura bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), it was an undeveloped system without an established lower-ranking vassal system, but was nonetheless significant because it built a control network through bushi that was not seen in previous aristocratic governments, and therefore in the academic field it is largely considered as a beginning form of samurai government.
- (かつぎに向って)「こりゃあ精進料理か(出汁に魚などを使っていないだろうな?)」「いえ生臭うございます(だしに魚を使っています)」「ご精進かは知らねども、わしが給仕じゃ、(くわんぺら門兵衛に向って)一杯あがれ」とやりとりあって、最終的に、うどんをくわんぺら門兵衛の頭からかけてしまう。
- Sukeroku says to the vendor, 'Don't you use fish broth in this?'--the vendor answers 'Yes, we use fish broth'--To Monbei, 'I don't know if you abstain from fish or not, but I'll serve them to you!,' and eventually brings the noodle box up over Monbei's head and dumps it upside-down on his head.
- この座は豊臣秀吉が死去して以後長く空位で、江戸時代に入ってからは基熈が実質上初めての就任(実際には徳川家康・徳川秀忠父子が就任しているが、ともに実際の朝廷の政務に当たった事は無い)であり、東山上皇・徳川家宣双方からともに厚い信頼を受けていた基熈であったからこそ可能となった就任といえる。
- This rank was vacant for a long time after the death of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, and Motohiro was the first to be inaugurated to the position during the Edo period (Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and Hidetada TOKUGAWA were actually assigned to this position but did not participate in the imperial court government), and Motohiro, who had deep trust from both the Emperor Higashiyama and Ienobu TOKUGAWA, was inaugurated to the position.
- 金王八幡神社(こんのうはちまんじんじゃ)が鎮座する東京都の渋谷は、土佐坊昌俊の祖父、桓武天皇の孫高望王の子孫と名乗る秩父党の河崎冠者基家(かわさきの・かじゃ・もといえ)が、1051年(永承6年)に、前九年の役での武功により与えられた武蔵国豊島郡谷盛庄(としまぐん・やもりのしょう)にあたる。
- Shibuya in Tokyo, where Konno Hachiman-jinja Shrine is located, coincides with Yamori no sho Manor of Toshima-gun in Musashi Province that was awarded in 1051 to KAWASAKi no Kaja Motoie of Chichibu Party, who was a grandfather of Shoshin TOSANOBO and insisted that he was a descendant of Prince Takamochi, a grandson of Emperor Kanmu, for his military exploits in Zen Kunen no Eki (Former Nine Years' Campaign).
- 譬(たと)えば闇夜に諸の営作する所が一切、皆(みな)息(や)むも、もし未だ訖(おわ)らざる者は、要(かな)らず日月を待つが如し。大乗を学する者が契経[1]、一切の禅定を修すといえども、要らず大乗大涅槃日を待ち、如来秘密の教えを聞きて然(しか)して後、及[2]当に菩提業を造り正法に安住すべし。
- Just as those who stop all activities at night are bound to resume their work on the next day unless they have completed their tasks, those who learn Mahayana Buddhism will never be able to achieve nirvana and live in peace without learning the ultimate Buddhist truths revealed in the Nirvana Sutra, even if they have read all other sutras and studied all other Buddha's teachings.
- →中国・インドなどいわゆる開発途上国の排出量が増加しているのは事実であるが、2007年には世界最大の排出国であるアメリカ合衆国に匹敵すると言われる中国ですら人口一人あたりの排出量は約1/4であることの難しさも内包している(逆にいえば一人あたり排出量の多い国の削減幅が足りないという話にもなる)。
- ->It is a fact that the emission amount of developing countries such as China, India and so on is increasing, but in 2007, even in China, which is said to be comparable to the United States of America, the largest emitter in the world, the per capita emission amount is about 1/4 of the United States; this makes things difficult, in other words, the reduction rate of a country whose per capita emission amount is large is not enough.
- しかし、纏向遺跡に搬入された土器特徴から、考古学的にはおそくとも弥生時代末期までには、纏向遺跡の地を支配する勢力を中心に東海地方から北陸・近畿・阿讃瀬戸内・吉備・出雲ならびに北部九州までの各地の政治勢力がなんらかの形で参加したヤマト王権の原型ともいえる緩やかな政治連合が形成されていたことになる。
- However, from features observed in pottery from the Makimuku sites, it is believed that by the end of the Yayoi Period at the latest, regional political powers from the Tokai region down through Hokuriku, Kinki, Asan Setouchi, Kibi, Izumo to northern Kyushu participated in the central polity located in the Makimuku sites, forming a loose political alliance that is thought to have been the foundation of the Yamato Kingdom.
- 市来四郎の『丁丑擾乱記』には、「世人、これ(桐野)を武断の人というといえども、その深きを知らざるなり。六年の冬掛冠帰省の後は、居常国事の救うべからざるを憂嘆し、皇威不墜の策を講じ、国民をして文明の域に立たしめんことを主張し、速に立憲の政体に改革し、民権を拡張せんことを希望する最も切なり」とある。
- In 'The Record of the Disturbance in 1877' (Teichu Joranki) by Shiro ICHIKI he was described as 'Although people say he (Kirino) was a militarist, they do not know his profound idea. After he resigned and returned home in the winter of 1873, he always worried that the affairs of state could not be corrected, thought up measures to prevent the degradation of the imperial authority and insisted that it was necessary to enlighten the people. And most of all, he wished to establish the constitutional state and expand people's rights.'
- 遠景の後について、中原親能・武藤資頼が継いだとする説もあるが、瀬野精一郎は、遠景後の後継者について諸説あることをまとめた上で、「鎮西奉行は一般的呼称にすぎず、鎌倉幕府の正式な官職名ではなかったとする説(佐藤進一説)もあるごとく、その性格がなお不明瞭な点が多いことに起因しているといえる」と指摘している。
- There are theories stating that NAKAHARA no Chikayoshi and Sukeyori MUTO succeeded the post of Chinzei Bugyo after Tokage, but alluding to the existence of numerous theories regarding the successor of Tokage, Seiichiro SENO (Japanese historian) points out that, 'The Chinzei Bugyo was nothing but a common title and we can say that this is due to its vague nature as a job as there are theories denying it an official title (theory purported by Shinichi SATO).'
- だが、治承3年(1179年)11月に発生した治承三年の政変で皇室と摂関家の象徴ともいえる治天の君後白河法皇と摂政松殿基房が清盛の命令によって揃って処罰を受けると、彼らの間にも危機感が広がり、治承4年(1180年)5月26日の以仁王の挙兵を契機に園城寺や諸国の源氏とも連携して反平氏活動に動き始めたのである。
- However, once the Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa and Regent Motofusa MATSUDONO, who might be regarded as the symbol of the Imperial family and Sekkan-ke (line of regents and advisers) were both punished by the order of Kiyomori, the sense of danger also spread among them, who cooperated with Onjo-ji Temple and the Minamoto clan in various districts to start anti-Taira clan activities after Rising of Prince Mochihito on May 26, 1180.
- ただし、もともとは鎮守社として同町の法楽寺(真言宗、聖徳太子開基)の境内にあったものが、明治時代初期の神仏分離令により現社地へ遷座し黒田村の氏神として引き継がれたという経緯(旧地より移した「明和7年(西暦1770年)」の紀年銘をもつ石燈籠1対により確認できる)の為、現在の庵戸神社は厳密には宮跡とはいえない。
- However, since the shrine originally was located in precincts of Horaku-ji Temple (Shingonshu sect, founded by Prince Shotoku) in the same town as a chinju-sha shrine (Shinto shrine on Buddhist temple grounds dedicated to the tutelary deity of the area), then was transferred to the current place by the Ordinance Distinguishing Shinto and Buddhism in early Meiji period to take over ujigami (a guardian god or spirit of a particular place in the Shinto religion) of Kuroda village (confirmed by a pair of stone lantern with the inscription of the transferred year as '1770'), the present location of Ioto-jinja Shrine technically is not the palace site.
- なお、「大輪田」の地名は津泊の意におこるとも理解されており、上記河尻泊の所在した摂津国神崎川の河口にも「千船駅」の地名があるのをはじめ日本列島各地に同様の地名がのこり、そうしたなかで単に「大輪田」といえば概ね務古水門のことをさすのは、この地が古くから最重要港湾として認められていたことを示しているとも考えられる。
- And the place-name 'Owada' is considered to have semantically originated from staying at a ferry and similar place-names remain across Japanese islands like a place-name 'Chibune-eki' which exists in the mouth of Kanzaki-gawa River in Settsu Province in Kawajiri no tomari mentioned above, and among them, simply 'Owada' mostly refers to Muko no minato, which is, they think, because this land was regarded as the most important port (ferry).
- 位階や旭日章・瑞宝章などのその他の勲章は仕官して公務員(当時は官吏)となれば勤続年数などの一定の条件で大抵誰でも受勲することができ、また官吏では無い兵 (日本軍)や民間人でも対象となったが、金鵄勲章は軍人軍属のみでかつ相応の戦功がなくては授与されず、大将や皇族軍人といえども相応の武功がなければ授与されなかった。
- In terms of other orders, including courtly rank and the Orders of the Rising Sun and Orders of the Sacred Treasure, when it came to civil servants (at the time, they were termed 'government officials') in government service, once they fulfilled the prescribed condition--for example, working continuously for a certain number of years--almost everyone would receive such medals, and non-government soldiers (in Japan's army) or civilians could also receive them; the Order of the Golden Kite, however, was limited only to military personnel, and furthermore was only granted to those who had sufficiently distinguished themselves in battle, meaning that simply being a general or an army officer of imperial blood, without distinguished service in battle, would not bring one this medal.
- 「躍り」とは言わず「舞」とする点を見てもわかるように、極度に硬い描線と身体の緊張を核として簡素な動きのなかに豊富なイメージを描き出そうとする舞であり、初代井上八千代が近衛家、一条家や仙洞御所づとめの折に能に示唆を得て貴顕の前に披露しても恥ずかしくない舞踊を作ったという口伝をそのままに体現した舞踊であるといえる。
- As the use of the word 'mai' instead of 'odori' suggests in Japanese, the dance is characterized by extremely rigid movements and tension of the body, yet creating rich images with simple motions; inspired by Noh dances when she worked for the Konoe Family, Ichijo Family, and the Sento Imperial Palace, the founder of this dance, Yachiyo INOUE, created a dance that was presentable in front of distinguished persons, and its teaching has been passed down by word of mouth ever since.
- (彼女にとって)長男田村皇子の有力生年から、彼女自身には伝わる事績は多いとはいえないが、崇仏や王位継承などを巡って対立した蘇我・物部両氏の二頭体制から、厩戸皇子が活躍したとされている推古朝、彼亡き後深まった蘇我氏の専横、大化の改新、対外戦争等と数多くの事件を見ながら当時としてはかなりの長寿を全うしたと思われる。
- She does not have numerous exploits to her credit but judging from the most convincing theory about the year of the birth of her son, the Prince Tamura, she seems to have lived a long life in those days going through various incidents, such as the diarchy system of the Soga clan and the Mononobe clan, which conflicted each other on the Buddha worship and the succession to the throne, the reign of the Empress Suiko, during which the Prince Umayado seemingly wielded great power, the despotism of the Soga clan which enforced after the demise of the Prince, the Taika Reforms, and the wars against other countries.
- 松本隆海は、すべてが鉱毒が原因だとはいえないかもしれないが、当時の日本は出生数のほうが多いにもかかわらず、死者数のほうが多いのは、鉱毒に関連があるとしている(実際には、鉱毒が原因で貧困となり、栄養状態が悪化して死亡した者が多く含まれていると考えられるが、田中正造や松本はこれらも鉱毒による死者とすべきだとしている)。
- Ryukai MATSUMOTO says that it may not be said all the deaths were caused by the mining pollution, however, since there were a greater number of deaths than births while there were more births than deaths in Japan at that time, those deaths should be considered to have been caused by the mining pollution (it is considered that in fact among those deaths, many cases were caused by malnutrition, since the people became poor by the mining pollution; however Shozo TANAKA and Matsumoto and others said that those cases should be counted as the victims by the mining pollution).
- 金方慶「兵法に『千里の県軍、その鋒当たるべからず』とあり、本国よりも遠く離れ敵地に入った軍は、却って志気が上がり戦闘能力が高まるものである。我が軍は少なしといえども既に敵地に入っている。我が軍は自ずから戦うことになるがこれは秦穆公の孟明の『焚船』や漢の韓信の『背水の陣』の故事に沿うものである。再度戦わせて頂きたい。」
- Bang-gyeong KIM said, 'an art of war teaches us not to fight with an army that has come from far away. It means that entering into the enemy's territory, far away from home, rather raises the morale and fighting strength of the army. Our army is small, but already in the enemy's territory. Although we ourselves are to fight, it is in accordance with historical lessons such as 'burning his own ships to fight' of Ming MENG, who served Duke Mu of Qin, and 'fighting with his back against the river' of Xin HAN, who served the Han Dynasty. Please let us fight again.'
- しかし、河内源氏の「棟梁の系譜」を考えるならば、石川源氏は河内源氏の本領の石川荘を相続しているとはいえ源義時の末裔でしかなく地方武士団の規模を出ず、細々と先祖伝来の本拠地の領地を守っていただけの石川源氏やその後継の石川氏は河内源氏の流れを汲む地方源氏の一つとは言えても、河内源氏そのものの名に値するのかという反論がある。
- However, taking consideration of the 'lineage of the family leader', Ishikawa-Genji is just a descendant of MINAMOTO no Yoshitoki even though Ishikawawa-Genji inherited Ishikawa manor, the main domain of Kawachi-Genji, and they remained to be a local samurai group, it can be said that the Ishikawa-Genji and its descendant, Ishikawa clan, who protected the inherited main domain on a reduced scale, is one of local Genji descended from Kawachi-Genji, but it is arguable whether it deserves the name of Kawachi-Genji.
- 後に「武士」として登場する、関東の開発領主達の11世紀末までの状況がどうだったかといえば、当時はその所領支配は、郡司、郷司などの公的な職の体系を媒介として、開墾を行い、村落を形成することを課題としはじめた頃であり、領地支配、あるいはその拡大において、隣接する開発領主との抗争が日常化するほどの飽和点にはまだ至ってはいない。
- The situation of kaihatsu-ryoshu in the Kanto region that later appeared as 'bushi' in the late eleventh century used soryo ruling through gunji, goji, and other public duties to start cultivating and forming villages and was not up to a saturated level to quarrel constantly with neighboring kaihatsu-ryoshu over the ruling and expansion of manors.
- 定免法や上米の制による幕府財政収入の安定化、新田開発の推進、足高の制の制定等の官僚制度改革、そしてその一環ともいえる大岡忠相の登用、また訴訟のスピードアップのため公事方御定書を制定しての司法制度改革、江戸町火消しを設置しての火事対策、悪化した幕府財政の立て直しなどの改革を図り、江戸三大改革のひとつである享保の改革を行った。
- Yoshimune executed the Kyoho Reforms, one of the three major reforms during the Edo period, by the stabilization of the bakufu's financial revenue by means of a fixed tax rate and agemai (tribute rice) system, the development of new fields, the reform of bureaucratic systems including the tashidaka system (a wage system established by the Edo bakufu), the appointment of Tadasuke OOKA as a part of the reforms, improvement in the administration of justice by establishing the Kujikata Osadamegaki to accelerate judicial hearings, the establishment of measures against fires by installing Edo firefighters, and reforms to the bakufu's worsening finances.
- 仮執行の宣言を付した判決に対する控訴の提起又は仮執行の宣言を付した支払督促に対する督促異議の申立て(次号の控訴の提起及び督促異議の申立てを除く。)があった場合において、原判決若しくは支払督促の取消し若しくは変更の原因となるべき事情がないとはいえないこと又は執行により著しい損害を生ずるおそれがあることにつき疎明があったとき。
- Where an appeal to the court of second instance is filed against a judgment with a declaration of provisional execution or an objection to demand is made against a demand for payment with a declaration of provisional execution (excluding an appeal to the court of second instance and objection to demand set forth in the following item), and a prima facie showing is made to the effect that it cannot be said that there are no circumstances under which the judgment in prior instance or demand for payment should be revoked or modified or that execution is likely to cause substantial damage.
- 簡単にいえば、武官は「官人として武装しており、律令官制の中で訓練を受けた常勤の公務員的存在」であるのに対して、武士は「10世紀に成立した新式の武芸を家芸とし、武装を朝廷や国府から公認された「下級貴族」、「下級官人」、「有力者の家人中世の家人」からなる人々」であって、律令官制の訓練機構で律令制式の武芸を身につけた者ではなかった。
- Simply speaking, military officers were 'government officials (espcially one of low to medium rank) who were armed and a full-time government [public] employee-like officials trained under the Ritsuryo-system,' while the bushi were 'the people who consisted of a 'lower ranking nobles,' 'lower ranking government officials' and 'people from powerful or medieval families' who regarded the new military art established during the 10th century as their iegei and were officially authorized to be armed by the Imperial Court or kokufu (provincial office)' and they did not acquire the military art of the Ritsuryo-system style in the training institution of the organization of the government according to the Ritsuryo codes.
- 一方、南西諸島と樺太・北海道には水田が作られず、南西諸島では貝塚時代、ついでグスク時代、樺太・北海道では続縄文時代、ついで擦文時代(さつもん)が続いた(また、本州東北地方では、青森県垂柳遺跡のように弥生時代前期の水田の事例もあるものの、一般的には中期後半前後まで水稲農耕は完全に受容されたとはいえず、北海道に準じ続縄文文化が展開したとの見方もある)。
- On the other hand, rice-paddies did not spread in the Nansei Islands and Sakhalin/Hokkaido, therefore, the Shell mound period and then the Gusuku period followed the Jomon period in the Nansei Islands and Post Jomon period then Satsumon period followed after the Jomon period in Sakhalin/Hokkaido (Although there was an example of a rice-paddy during the early Yayoi period shown in the Tareyanagi site in Aomori Prefecture, rice-paddy cultivation also did not widely spread in Tohoku region in Honshu until the middle to the late Yayoi period and some theoretical views that Post Jomon period followed as in Hokkaido.)
- 生産地の事情その他の事情からみて、その使用等により生物多様性影響が 生ずるおそれがないとはいえない遺伝子組換え生物等をこれに該当すると知らないで輸入するおそれが高い場合その他これに類する場合であって主務大臣が指定 する場合に該当するときは、その指定に係る輸入をしようとする者は、主務省令で定めるところにより、その都度その旨を主務大臣に届け出なければならない。
- When there is a high likelihood that living modified organisms that could not be considered not to give rise to Adverse Effect on Biological Diversity are imported without knowledge of that fact, in view of the situation of the producing area or other circumstances, or when corresponding to other similar cases, that have been designated by the competent minister, a person who wishes to make imports pertaining to the designation must notify the competent minister to that effect on each occasion, as stipulated in the ordinance of the competent ministries.
- アメリカ合衆国での火葬率は、プロテスタント保守派の間で禁忌が強いこともあり20%強にとどまるといわれるものの、一方で、同じキリスト教圏にあるともいえるイギリス、及び同国の影響下にある、あった国々の多くでは、いずれの70%強、ないしこれに準ずるの火葬率を示していることから、火葬と、これを禁忌とする素因を宗教的側面については、一定の留保をもって臨む姿勢が求められるであろう。
- In the United States the cremation rate only reaches a little more than 20%, because there is a strong taboo among the conservative Protestants, but on the other hand, in the United Kingdom, another Christian country, and many of the countries which were or have been under British influence, the rate is around 70% and therefore, looking to religious aspects for reasons against cremation may not necessarily be correct.
- また、即位後もすぐには大和の地にはいらず、北河内や南山城などの地域を転々とし、即位20年目に大和にはいったことから、大和には継体天皇の即位を認めない勢力があって戦闘状態にあったと考える説(直木孝次郎説)や、継体天皇は女系の天皇で、近江の息長氏などは大王家に妃を何度となく入れているが、継体天皇はその大王家の母方といえる息長氏系統の王位継承資格者で、皇位簒奪のような王朝交替はなかったと考える説(平野邦雄説)がある。
- Since the Emperor Keitai entered Yamato not immediately after the enthronement but the 20th year later after moving from place to place such as Kitakawachi or Minami-yamashiro, there are two following theories: One that considers due to a power in Yamato which didn't allow the enthronement of Emperor Keitai, the region was in the combat situation (theory by Kojiro NAOKI) and the other that, since Keitai, the emperor of the maternal side, was a successor to the throne in the linage of the Okinaga clan in Omi, which daughters often married those in the great king family, there was no such change of dynasties as usurpation of imperial throne (theory by Kunio HIRANO).
- 副大統領として最多得票をした者を、副大統領とする。ただし、その数は任命された選挙人総数の過半数でなければならない。もし何人も上記の過半数を得なかったときは、右の表のうち、2名の最高得票者の中から、上院が副大統領を選任しなければならない。この目的のための定足数は、上院議員の総数の3分の2とし、また選任のためには総数の過半数が必要である。しかし何人といえども、憲法上大統領職に就く資格のない者は、合衆国副大統領の職に就くことができない。
- The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States.
- その後の裁判例においては、第二の見解に立つものが続いたが、最高裁平成20年4月15日第二小法廷決定(事件番号平成19(あ)839)は、本判決について、「警察官による人の容ぼう等の撮影が、現に犯罪が行われ又は行われた後間がないと認められる場合のほかは許されないという趣旨まで判示したものではない」と述べた上で、公道上及びパチンコ店内において被告人の容ぼう等をビデオ撮影した捜査活動を適法と判断しており、少なくとも裁判例においては、第二の見解が支配的になったといえる。
- In subsequent cases, judgments proceeded from the second opinion, but Decision of the Second Petty Bench of the Supreme Court dated on April 15, 2008 (case number 2007 (A) No. 839) stated 'it does not go so far as to mean, as argued by the accused, that photographing of a person's appearance, etc. by police officials should not be permitted except in cases where it is found that the crime is currently being committed or has just been committed' and 'videotaping operations such as videotaping the defendant's appearance, etc. on the public road and in the pachinko parlor can be recognized as legal Investigation activities', which means that the second opinion has been dominant, at least in precedents.